Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Small-scale miners"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Small-scale miners"
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Moyo, Dingani, Ronald Ncube, Fungai Kavenga, Lilian Chikwava, Tawanda Mapuranga, Nathan Chiboyiwa, Chipo Chimunhu et al. "The Triple Burden of Tuberculosis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Silicosis among Artisanal and Small-Scale Miners in Zimbabwe". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n. 21 (24 ottobre 2022): 13822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113822.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Artisanal and small-scale mining is characterized by an excessive exposure to silica-containing dust, overcrowding, poor living conditions and limited access to primary health services. This poses a risk to tuberculosis, HIV infection and silicosis. The main purpose of the study is to evaluate the burden of tuberculosis, HIV and silicosis among artisanal and small-scale miners. We conducted a cross sectional study on 3821 artisanal and small-scale miners. We found a high burden of silicosis (19%), tuberculosis (6.8%) and HIV (18%) in a relatively young population, with the mean age of 35.5 years. Men were 1.8 times more likely to be diagnosed with silicosis compared to women, adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR = 1.75 (95% CI: 1.02–2.74)]. Artisanal and small-scale miners who were living with HIV were 1.25 times more likely to be diagnosed with silicosis compared to those who were negative, [aPR = 1.25 (1.00–1.57)]. The risk of silicosis increased with both duration as a miner and severity of exposure to silica dust. The risk of tuberculosis increased with the duration as a miner. Zimbabwe is currently experiencing a high burden of TB, silicosis and HIV among artisanal and small-scale miners. Multi-sectoral and innovative interventions are required to stem this triple epidemic in Zimbabwe.
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Otoijamun, Itohan, Moses Kigozi, Sikiru Ottan Abdulraman, Adelana Rasak Adetunji e Azikiwe Peter Onwualu. "Fostering the Sustainability of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM) of Barite in Nasarawa State, Nigeria". Sustainability 13, n. 11 (24 maggio 2021): 5917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115917.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The exploration and mining of Nigerian barite are primarily by artisanal and small-scale miners (ASM) whose operations are characterized by poor productivity. As a result, the quantity and quality of barites produced do not satisfy the nation’s oil sector demands and other industries that require the mineral. This situation leads to massive importation of the mineral with negative impact on the country’s drive toward increasing the contribution of solid minerals to the gross domestic product (GDP). This study reviews the existing policies and government interventions on ASM of Nigerian barite; evaluates the operations of ASM through a survey of mines in Nasarawa state, Nigeria; identifies factors that affect sustainability of the sector and proffers solutions to foster sustainability of ASM of barite in the region. The study adopted the 4Is optimization technique (Information gathering, Interpretation, Implication, and Implementation) through personal interactions with the stakeholders at the barite mining sites, and government agencies, regarding policies and interventions specific to ASM of barite. Challenges identified include: weak implementation and enforcement of mining laws; inadequate support from government and development partners; poor access to mining equipment and technology; poor infrastructure (access road, water, electricity); poor pricing of products (marketing challenges); poor remuneration of mine workers; poor mining skills; inadequate formal education; limited awareness on environmental health and safety hazards; fragility and conflict; insufficient information and data on mines and miners; security issues; lack of access to finance; lack of formalization of operations and poor legal framework for operations. The strategies suggested for fostering the sustainability of ASM of barites include: enhanced policy and legislation formulation and implementation, strengthening of institutions, formalization of ASM operations, training of miners, awareness campaign, improvement in environmental and safety of operations, empowerment and support by government and development partners for individual miners and processors and organized groups within the sector (such as Miners Association of Nigeria, Association of Miner and Processors of Barite, AMAPOB). Implementation of these strategies will lead to sustainable operations of the sector and hence improved rural livelihoods, stimulation of entrepreneurship in an environmentally responsible manner, and improvement in the contribution of the mineral sector to the nation’s gross domestic product (GDP), and hence national development.
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Wireko-Gyebi, Rejoice Selorm, Michael Osei Asibey, Owusu Amponsah, Rudith Sylvana King, Imoro Braimah, Godfred Darko e Anne Mette Lykke. "Perception of Small-Scale Miners on Interventions to Eradicate Illegal Small-Scale Mining in Ghana". SAGE Open 10, n. 4 (ottobre 2020): 215824402096366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020963668.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The proliferation of illegal mining in Ghana, coupled with its environmental impacts, especially on water bodies has compelled the government to ban all artisanal small-scale mining (ASM) activities in the country. The ban is intended to promote environmental sustainability while the government takes steps to provide sustainable health, and environmental-friendly ASM in Ghana. This paper assesses the perception of registered miners on the current approach by the Ghanaian government to stop illegal mining. Analyses of data from focus group discussions and key informant interviews revealed that the miners felt “left out” of the entire process. They maintained that they were not directly involved in the process to ban illegal mining in Ghana. To them, the proliferation of illegal mining in Ghana is the result of non-performing government institutions, corruption, and cumbersome licensing procedures. The article calls for improvement in the collaboration between the government and miners through a simplified participatory framework for the management of ASM in Ghana.
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Dehnert, Jörg, Jens Stopp, Peter Windisch e Bernd Schönherrt. "Quick-Erect Stopping System for Radiation Protection and Mine Rescue in Small-scale Mining". Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 37, n. 6 (23 luglio 2020): 1807–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42461-020-00261-2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThe Quick-Erect Stopping System (QESS) offers a new way of reducing the radon exposures of miners in Germany, especially during remediation work in old mines. The QESS is a light-weight, modular, and reusable construction kit of interlocking telescopic aluminum tubes, radon-proof foil, and expanding foam. It is designed to seal off radon-rich parts of galleries within only a few minutes. Originally, the QESS was developed to protect miners against radon exposures. Then, the QESS found the attention of several mine rescue teams at a German mining conference. The Student Mine Rescue of the Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg and the Wismut Mine Rescue carried out first mine rescue drills in Freiberg and Schlema. Additionally, a mine rescue drill was carried out by the Front Range Mine Rescue in the Edgar Experimental Mine of the Colorado School of Mines. These drills helped to improve the system and highlighted its potential for mine rescue operations. Now, the QESS is well-suited for small-scale mining. The QESS can be used to seal off galleries in only a few minutes to both protect miners from radon exposures and to support mine rescue operations. Moreover, the QESS was also successfully used in ventilation experiments.
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Holley, Elizabeth A., Oscar Felipe Rodriguez, Stewart D. Redwood e Nicole M. Smith. "Coexistence of Large-Scale Mining with Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining—A Guide for Geologists". SEG Discovery, n. 130 (1 luglio 2022): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/geo-and-mining-16.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Editor’s note: The aim of the Geology and Mining series is to introduce early career professionals and students to various aspects of mineral exploration, development, and mining in order to share the experiences and insight of each author on the myriad of topics involved with the mineral industry and the ways in which geoscientists contribute to each. Abstract Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) takes place in approximately 80 countries, and it is widespread in parts of Central and South America, Africa, Asia, and Oceania. Estimates range from 40 to 100 million ASM miners operating worldwide, and ASM generates a significant share of global production for commodities such as gold, tantalum, tin, gemstones, and diamonds. Geologists may encounter ASM activity when exploring new areas or when ASM miners move into existing exploration projects or the vicinity of large-scale mines. These interactions can be contentious, leading to conflicts that force project delays or abandonment. Alternatively, both groups can collaborate to generate mutual benefits, enabling mining companies to gain social license to operate and at the same time manage the environmental impacts of ASM, while the ASM miners maintain culturally and economically important livelihoods. Technical and social factors can help to predict the potential for coexistence or conflict with ASM operators, including the geology of the deposit type, the mining method, and the economic, legal, historical, and cultural context of a project. We present a series of case studies on ASM in Latin America, highlighting five coexistence models that have been previously implemented between mining companies and ASM operators. Our intent is to raise awareness of ASM, so that geologists can consciously consider its impacts on early exploration and subsequent decision-making. Secondly, we aim to encourage broader discussion of the role of ASM in mineral production and sustainable development.
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Rumbidzai, P. Mutare, Wadesango Newman e Malatji. "The Effectiveness of Tax Systems on Artisanal Miners and Small-Scale Miners". International Journal of Economics and Business Administration IX, Issue 4 (1 ottobre 2021): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35808/ijeba/732.
Testo completo
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Yao, Wei, Aiming Wang, Yifan Nie, Zhengyan Lv, Shuai Nie, Congwei Huang e Zhenyu Liu. "Study on the Recognition of Coal Miners’ Unsafe Behavior and Status in the Hoist Cage Based on Machine Vision". Sensors 23, n. 21 (28 ottobre 2023): 8794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23218794.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The hoist cage is used to lift miners in a coal mine’s auxiliary shaft. Monitoring miners’ unsafe behaviors and their status in the hoist cage is crucial to production safety in coal mines. In this study, a visual detection model is proposed to estimate the number and categories of miners, and to identify whether the miners are wearing helmets and whether they have fallen in the hoist cage. A dataset with eight categories of miners’ statuses in hoist cages was developed for training and validating the model. Using the dataset, the classical models were trained for comparison, from which the YOLOv5s model was selected to be the basic model. Due to small-sized targets, poor lighting conditions, and coal dust and shelter, the detection accuracy of the Yolov5s model was only 89.2%. To obtain better detection accuracy, k-means++ clustering algorithm, a BiFPN-based feature fusion network, the convolutional block attention module (CBAM), and a CIoU loss function were proposed to improve the YOLOv5s model, and an attentional multi-scale cascaded feature fusion-based YOLOv5s model (AMCFF-YOLOv5s) was subsequently developed. The training results on the self-built dataset indicate that its detection accuracy increased to 97.6%. Moreover, the AMCFF-YOLOv5s model was proven to be robust to noise and light.
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Appel, Peter W. U., e Leoncio Na-Oy. "The Borax Method of Gold Extraction for Small-Scale Miners". Journal of Health and Pollution 2, n. 3 (1 giugno 2012): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-2.3.5.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background. More than ten million small-scale miners (SSM) worldwide use mercury to extract gold, releasing large amounts of the toxic element into the environment. Alternatives to mercury have been suggested over the years to little avail. A group of miners in the Philippines has demonstrated that borax, when used as a flux for smelting gold out of heavy mineral concentrates, is an effective and safer substitute for mercury. Objectives. To present a basic comparison of the mercury amalgamation and borax methods of gold extraction for SSM. Methods. Borax was added to milled ore to reduce the melting point of gold to a level accessible to SSM. The amount of gold captured, and the amount of mercury released into the environment, was compared to two common amalgamation methods: whole ore and heavy metal. Discussion. The borax method appears to capture more gold, as well as eliminate the use of mercury. It is also less expensive. It is important to stop the use of mercury amongst SSM. However, health and environmental arguments alone are not enough to convince miners to switch. The argument of improving gold-capture rates while reducing costs is more compelling, and may help propagate the technique among small-scale miners. Conclusions. Scientific research should continue in order to further establish the uses and limitations of the borax method.
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Kyaw, Win Thiri, Xiaoxu Kuang e Masayuki Sakakibara. "Health Impact Assessment of Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining Area in Myanmar, Mandalay Region: Preliminary Research". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n. 18 (16 settembre 2020): 6757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186757.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Increasing artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in developing countries has raised health concerns in mining communities. A preliminary health survey was conducted in Thabeikkyin Township, Mandalay Region, Myanmar, in February 2020 to assess the health conditions of an ASGM community. Respiratory function and other clinical assessments were evaluated in miners and non-miners, and participants’ hair was analyzed for heavy metals. Respiratory function of miners was similar to that of non-miners. However, miners’ respiratory function declined with longer mining activity duration. In total, 3 out of 18 miners showed neurological signs and symptoms of chronic mercury intoxication. The median concentration of the hair mercury was significantly higher in miners than non-miners (P = 0.01), and 9 out of 18 miners and 2 out of 11 non-miners showed the warning level of mercury. We found that, despite an association between declining respiratory function and length of time mining, only a minority of miners showed clinical features of chronic mercury intoxication. Further clinical surveys with a larger sample size are necessary to determine the broader health status of this community. In addition, clinical indicators such as pulmonary function tests are recommended as additional criteria for the diagnosis of mercury intoxication.
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Lu, Jinky Leilanie. "O7A.4 Hazards and injuries associated among small scale gold miners in the philippines". Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (aprile 2019): A62.1—A62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.166.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Worldwide, small-scale mining (SSM) provides employment to about 13 million people and affects the livelihood of 80–100 million. This study investigated the ergonomic and safety hazards of small scale miners in one of the largest small scale mining area in the Philippines which is the area of Itogon, Benguet. There were 93 small scale miners who were included in the study as they complied with the inclusion criteria. The methods consisted of survey questionnaires, health physical examination guide, individual interviews, and work process observation tool. The results showed that the small-scale miners worked for an average of 10.7 years, and a maximum work year of 40. The most widely employed mining technique was the dog-hole mining consisting of several sub-processes -tunneling, ball milling and gravity concentration, cyanide leaching, and smelting. The ergonomic and safety hazards identified were noise exposure from the dynamite blast, temperature extremes, and exposure to dust from dynamite blasting. The miners experienced prolonged crouching and bending, prolonged handling of tools, and carrying heavy sacks filled with mineral ores. In the ball milling and gravity concentration process, machine-related accidents were noted such as cuts from the crusher. In the cyanide leaching which uses massive amounts of cyanide, the most prevalent hazards were heat, dust, and chemicals such as cyanide fumes. In the smelting process, smoke from burning ore and coal as well as exposure to borax and nitric acid fumes. Burn injuries were reported among miners. A third (31.2%) of miners have experienced accidents. The most common injury was laceration at 47.8%, followed by methane inhalation, fracture of hand digits, and contusion at 17.4%. The most prevalent health symptom reported by the miners was muscle pain. It is suggested that intervention programs for ergonomics and safety measures be implemented by the local government.
Tesi sul tema "Small-scale miners"
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Caballero, Evelyn. "Gold from the gods : traditional small-scale miners in the Philippines". Thesis, Quezon City : Giraffe Books, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/9338.
Testo completo
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Siegel, Shefa. "The needs of miners: political ethics, mercury abatement, and intervention in artisanal gold mining communities". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/435.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This dissertation examines the role of donor-funded international projects to reduce mercury pollution from artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASM). ASM is the second largest source of anthropogenic global mercury pollution, accounting for roughly 1000tonnes of atmospheric emissions and releases to the environment per annum. The artisanal mining economy involves 10-15 million people across the developing world, and supports 80-100 million people directly and indirectly. In 2003 the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Program reached consensus that there is sufficient scientific evidence to trigger an international response to global mercury pollution, including the pollution generated by ASM. Yet thus far most international interventions have concentrated on environmental monitoring and assessment, while virtually no efforts have focused on implementing solutions. The aim of this dissertation is to move global mercury policy for ASM past its emphasis on assessments. It does this by developing a philosophical and strategic policy framework to guide future interventions by international institutions. A brief history of global mercury policy is provided, illustrating how ASM has been neglected and examining divisions between ecocentric and technocentric theories of environmental intervention. The relationship between ASM and poverty is examined, reaching the conclusion that because artisanal gold mining is a form of upward mobility for the world's extreme poor, the idea of reducing mercury pollution by redirecting miners into alternative livelihoods is unrealistic; indeed gold itself is the alternative livelihood. Using case studies collected in the field, the issue of conflict over property rights between artisanal miners and large-scale mining companies is explored, and a risk mitigation framework presented to assist companies to coexist with artisanal miners. Finally, a new approach to international intervention is proposed based on three interdependent principles of formalization, capitalization, and education. A plan is developed for directing more expertise and financial resources to the field, and more effectively meeting the needs of miners. Specific recommendations include a rapid assessment methodology to select project sites, and improving operational linkages among public and private institutions.
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Elgazali, Abdelkarem Abdullah Saad. "Evaluation of occupational and environmental exposure to mercury among dental amalgam and chlor-alkali workers in Pakistan and among small-scale gold miners in Cambodia, Burkina Faso, Chile and Sudan". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=210228.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Mercury is a well-known toxic element which can be taken up into the human body in different forms, causing particular harm to the nervous system. Despite this fact, it is still used widely in industrial processes, with chlor-alkali electrolysis one of the most extensive pollution sources of mercury. Though most industries today use mercury-free processes, some chlor-alkali factories still use the mercury process, especially in less developed countries. In addition, small-scale gold mining activity remains the largest global mercury consumer and continues to increase the use of mercury given the upward trend in the price of gold. The aim of this study is to investigate the level of mercury exposure to workers in chlor-alkali factories and a dental hospital in Pakistan. In addition, it is to investigate the level of mercury exposure to miners in small-scale gold mining areas (AGM) in Cambodia, Burkina Faso and Chile. Both investigations were undertaken within the United Nations Environment Programme (management of mercury waste). Within this study, the investigation of mercury exposure to miners was conducted in four small-scale gold mining areas in Sudan. A simple analytical digestion and extraction method for total mercury (T-Hg) analysis in biological and environmental samples with fast sample preparation procedure using CV-AFS and ICP-MS was developed. In addition, for SSIDMS-GC-ICP-MS analysis, the alkaline microwave assisted extract method and acid leaching assisted extract method for Me-Hg analysis in biological samples (hair samples) were developed. These developed analytical methods were used to evaluate the levels of occupational and environmental exposure in the selected areas with Hg hot spots. For Pakistan, to establish chlor-alkali workers' Hg exposure, hair and nail samples of 23 individuals were investigated for total mercury. Within this cohort, 15 individuals had hair total mercury levels above 100 μg g-1, thus exceeding the WHO regarded "safe limit" of 2 μg g-1 in hair Hg by a factor of 50. Several samples showed hair T-Hg levels above 1000 μg g-1, suggesting extreme exposure to Hg. These levels must be regarded as extremely toxic, assuming that these Hg levels in hair correspond to Hg ingestion. In the process of chlor-alkali electrolysis, volatile mercury compounds are formed, including Hg0 and other volatile mercury compounds. These volatile species can adsorb on surfaces, and it is suggested that besides uptake by inhalation, Hg compounds may be adsorbed on keratinous hair and nail material. The investigation of single hairs with synchrotron techniques showed that most of the mercury is found on the outside of the hair, but certain amounts were also metabolised. Adsorption experiments with Hg0 and HgCl2 were conducted to assess the sorption characteristics of these volatile Hg compounds. The results showed that both mercury species' vapour pressures are related to the adsorption of volatile mercury compounds. HgCl2 has a higher vapour pressure and is about two orders of magnitude higher in adsorption than Hg0, suggesting that the chlor- alkali workers have been exposed to HgCl2 in the chlor-alkali plant. Finally, mercury speciation was performed on the ICL chlor-alkali hair samples which showed that almost all mercury was in inorganic form. The source of Me-Hg in the hair seems to be dietary, as no correlation between inorganic and Me-Hg in the hair could be found. The highest value for Me-Hg is around 5.0 μg g-1, which is in the range of concentration found in communities with a high fish diet. Finally, the high mercury result suggests that the mercury (Hg) in the hair samples from workers in the ICL chlor-alkali is from external adsorption rather than from inhalation and was subsequently incorporated into the hair. Nevertheless, in the second chlor-alkali factory in Pakistan (SCL chlor-alkali factory), the average total mercury concentrations in hair and nails are low and almost at control level. However, in this factory, mercury cell technique was phased out a few years ago. This factory now uses membrane cell instead of mercury cell technology. For the dental hospital sector in Pakistan, inorganic mercury concentrations were 6 times higher than Me-Hg concentration in hair samples i.e. Me-Hg and In-Hg in hair accounted for, on average 14.13 % and 85.87 % of T-Hg respectively for these dental workers. However, the high mercury levels in hair could be due to exposure to amalgam. For AGM areas, the T- Hg concentration (μg g-1) in hair samples from AGM miners in Burkina Faso (mean, 3.80 μg g-1) were compared with Cambodian AGM miners and Sudan AGM miners (mean 5.78 and 5.04 μg g-1 respectively). This mean value was significantly lower than that found in the hair of miners in the Cambodia and Sudan AGM areas. This indicates that the AGM miners in these countries are exposed to mercury vapour during the AGM processes. Otherwise, the AGM workers in Cambodia are also exposed to considerable amounts of methylmercury (Me-Hg) through seafood consumption that is a more toxic Hg form. However, the long-term implications for water bodies such as River Nile and Red Sea ecosystems, fish as food and irrigation water use (e.g. for rice paddies) may be disastrous. Therefore, further investigation of Hg analysis in hair and soils should be conducted in these areas to analyse the risk of Hg contamination.
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Mkubukeli, Zandisile. "Challenges and prospects for small-scale mining entrepreneurs in South Africa". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2047.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.Small-scale mining entrepreneurs are confronted with a variety of challenges during both the start-up and growth phase of their businesses not only in South Africa, but all over the world. Most small-scale mining entrepreneurs are not able to take advantage of the opportunities that are available to them. This retards the growth of their businesses. The aim of this study was to investigate the challenges and prospects for small-scale mining entrepreneurs in South Africa, the support structures available to them as well as the factors that could make them successful. The research problem in this study is that the mining sector is biased towards more established companies and against small-scale mining entrepreneurial operations, which marginalises small-scale mining entrepreneurs. Despite being a significant source of revenue for South Africa, the mining sector does not directly benefit the historically disadvantaged people. Notwithstanding government interventions, small-scale mining entrepreneurs face numerous challenges during both the business start-up and growth phase of their businesses with very few prospects of succeeding. This is a qualitative study that uses a series of face-to-face interviews with mining entrepreneurs in South Africa to generate data. Given that small-scale mining entrepreneurs are in most cases part of the informal sector and difficult to locate, a database of small-scale mining entrepreneurs was obtained from Mintek. Initially, 21 small-scale mining entrepreneurs were randomly selected to participate in this study. However, it soon became apparent that ten of them were no longer in business. This meant that the sample was reduced to eleven mining entrepreneurs, located in four provinces: Free State, KZN, Mpumalanga and Limpopo. The findings of this research reveal that small-scale mining entrepreneurs are handicapped by a lack of financial and technical resources, and therefore cannot purchase capital items. It seems that there are good prospects for small-scale mining, particularly in open markets. However, they are unable to exploit these prospects because they lack the necessary finance. Although there are support structures to assist them, they find it difficult to meet the criteria for loans or overdraft facilities from financial institutions. Although these mining entrepreneurs have benefited from the support they have received thus far, they need equipment and commitment to their businesses to remain successful. A series of recommendations are made to guide small-scale mining entrepreneurs already in business, prospective small-scale mining entrepreneurs and other stakeholder’s interested in transforming the industry.
Zandisile Holdings (Pty) Ltd National Research Foundation Mauerberger Foundation
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Joubert, Barend Daniel. "Small-scale gold mining in southern Africa". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005615.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The general characteristics of gold deposits are reviewed, and a classification of gold deposits based on mineability is proposed. Evaluation, mlnlng and beneficiation methods are briefly discussed. It is concluded that the most viable targets for small-scale companies comprise deposits that require the least pre-production time and expense. Great potential exists for the small-scale reclamation of gold from tailings dumps and abandoned mines in Southern Africa. There is also potential for developing new smallscale gold mines in the Archaean greenstone terranes of the Zimbabwean and Kaapvaal cratons.
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Seccatore, Jacopo. "Gestão sustentável de recursos e reservas para mineração a pequena escala". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3134/tde-24042015-145743/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Um dos maiores desafios para a mineração no Novo Milênio é a integração da Pequena Mineração no sistema ativo e sustentável de exploração dos recursos minerais. A Pequena Mineração (PM) é uma atividade de mineração definida por baixas despesas e receitas de capital e baixa produtividade. A Mineração Artesanal (MA) é apenas um subconjunto de PM, caracterizada pela mecanização rudimentar, recuperação ineficiente, condições operacionais inseguras e exploração do trabalho. Essa tese pretende demonstrar as seguintes questões de pesquisa: 1) A PM pode ser sustentável? 2) Se sim, como pode ser avaliada? 3) Como a PM sustentável pode ser conseguida na prática? Ao longo da tese é mostrado como a PM pode ser sustentável só saindo da dimensão artesanal. Tal processo depende da sua própria capacidade para operar de forma eficiente. Quando a eficiência operacional é alcançada, a sustentabilidade vem como consequência. Através da eficiência operacional, uma operação de SSM sai da condição artesanal, torna-se sustentável e a sustentabilidade dos meios de subsistência e ambiente circundante é estritamente consequente. Esta tese aborda a questão da PM, de forma quantitativa e não qualitativa. Indicadores básicos são individualizados especificamente para medir as características peculiares de minas artesanais, que as diferenciam das minas industriais. O objetivo desses indicadores é a padronização da avaliação de mina artesanal em termos quantitativos, uma importante ferramenta de pesquisa que não era disponível até agora. A análise desses indicadores permite medir a sustentabilidade potencial de uma mina artesanal, bem como sua atualização ao longo da transformação em uma pequena unidade de mineração industrial. Propõe-se uma nova abordagem para a gestão dos recursos minerais e reservas especificamente para a mineração em pequena escala, a fim de atualizar as minas artesanais em pequenas minas industriais. A abordagem proposta para o cálculo dessa reserva contém dois conceitos principais: uma \"reserva mínima\" necessária para o início do projeto, e a \"replicação\" da operação. A metodologia proposta, aplicada a uma operação de mineração subterrânea de ouro real, mostrou que, no caso em análise, as reservas necessárias para viabilizar a operação de pequena escala são da ordem de grandeza de 1/1000 de que as necessárias para a mineração em grande escala. Este trabalho mostra como uma forma responsável e sustentável de PM é possível e viável, ajudando o desenvolvimento econômico da região onde atua, e criando externalidades positivas, como educação, capacitação, cultura da eficiência e consciência ambiental.One of the biggest challenges for Mining in the New Millennium is the integration of small-scale mining in the active and sustainable system of exploitation of mineral resources. Small-Scale Mining (SSM) is a mining activity defined by low productivity low capital expenditure and revenues. Artisanal Mining (AM) is just a subset of SSM, characterized by rudimentary mechanization, inefficient recovery, unsafe working conditions and labor exploitation. This thesis intends to answer the following research questions: 1) Can SSM can be sustainable? 2) If so, how can it be evaluated as such? 3) How can sustainable SSM be put into practice? Along the thesis is shown how SSM can be sustainable only coming out of the artisanal dimension. Such a process depends on its own ability to operate efficiently. When operational efficiency is achieved, sustainability comes as a consequence. Through operational efficiency, an operation of SSM comes out of the artisanal condition, it becomes sustainable, and sustainability of surrounding livelihood and environment is strictly consequent. This thesis approaches the issue of SSM in a quantitative and not qualitative way. Basic indicators are individuated specifically to measure the peculiar characteristics of artisanal mines, which differentiate the latter from industrial mines. The purpose of these indicators is the standardization of artisanal mine evaluation on a quantitative basis, an important yet currently unavailable research tool. The analysis of such indicators enables the potential sustainability of an underground artisanal mine to be measured, as well as its upgrade over time towards classification as an industrial small-scale mining unit. It is proposed a new approach for the management of mineral resources and reserves specifically for small-scale mining, in order to upgrade artisanal mines into small-scale industrial mines. The proposed approach to calculate this reserve contains two main concepts: a minimum reserve required for the project start-up and replication to confirm the feasibility of continued operation. The proposed methodology, applied to an actual underground gold mining operation, proved that, in the case analyzed, the reserves required for the small-scale operation are in the order of magnitude of 1/1000 of that required for large-scale mining, when both businesses possess the same level of feasibility. This work shows how a responsible and sustainable form of SSM is possible, achievable and viable, helping the economical development of the area where it operates, and creating positive externalities such as education, capacity building, culture of efficiency and environmental awareness.
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Bouwer, Wendy. "An environmentally sound gold recovery process for small-scale gold mining". Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/869.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis(MTech (Chem.Eng.Technology))--//Cape Technikon, 1999The gold mining industry has mainly relied upon the use of a highly polluting chemicals, such as mercury and cyanide, to recover gold from its ores. As environmental legislation has become more stringent in all countries and environmental protection has become the focus of world-wide research, development of environmental sound processes has been favoured. The Coal Gold Agglomeration (CGA) process is such a process which was developed some years ago and has the advantage in that gold is recovered by a procedure which has little or no effect on the environment. The CGA process is based on the hydrophobic characteristics of coal, gold and oil. Gold particles which are substantially free become attached to the coal-oil agglomerates during collision, and eventually penetrate into the agglomerates. The resulting agglomerates are recycled to increase the gold loading, separated from the slurry, burnt, ashed and smelted to produce gold bullion. Laboratory scale batch tests were performed on an artificial/synthetic gold ore, containing fine gold powder. The slurry was contacted with a mixture of coal and oil. i.e. coal-oil agglomerates, after which both the agglomerates and ore were analysed for gold. Operating parameters, such as the mode of contact between the coal-oil phase and the gold containing slurry, contact time of the slurry and the coal-oil phase, means of separating the coal-oil gold agglomerates from the slurry, coal to ore, coal to oil and water to ore ratios, type of oil, effect of collectors and the mineralogy of the ore on the gold recovery were investigated. Results have shown that stirring the coal-oil phase and the slug yielded higher gold loadings than shaking and the traditional rolling bottle technique. BI increasing the time of contact between the coal-oil phase and the gold slurry. the final gold loading in the agglomerates increases, until an equilibrium value is reached. An increase in the amount of coal, together with a decrease in the amount of water used in the slurry, has shown to increase gold recoveries. Furthermore, by varying the concentration and volume of a collector. such as potassium amyl xanthate (PAX) enhanced the settling rate and enabled the effectiveness of separation. Moreover, it was found that the gold loading on the coal-oil phase increased after recycling it. Further tests were performed on a real ore sample and after X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, it was found that certain minerals other than gold was transferred to the coal-oil phase. The theoretical foundation of the CGA process is based on the difference in free energy and was expressed as a function of the interfacial tensions and three-phase contact angles between gold, oil and water, together with the ratio of coal-oil agglomerate to gold particle radii, as the free energy is a measure of the thermodynamic stability and hence, partly a measure of gold recoveries, meaningful predictions as to gold recoveries were made by performing a sensitivity analysis on the variables connected to the free energy, It was, however, found that some operating parameters, which were linked to other factors, such as the maximum gold transfer into coal-oil phase and the separation efficiency of the agglomerates. were vital to be taken into account when predictions as to gold recoveries were made. Therefore, the gold recoveries were found to be a function of the thermodynamic stability as well as the maximum gold transfer into the coal-oil phase and the separation efficiency of the agglomerates, The meaningful information gained by performing the theoretical investigations were applied and linked to gold recoveries, thereby providing useful explanations as to the typical gold recoveries obtained during experimentation. A comparative study on mercury amalgamation was done to evaluate the performance of the CGA process. It was found that the CGA process yielded better gold recoveries than amalgamation, which makes it the better process both in terms of recoveries as well as environmental safety, A further application of the theoretical knowledge was, however, very useful to explain the tendency of the CGA process yielding the better results.
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Mooney, David G. "An evaluation of small scale open cast mining of UG2 in the Bushveld complex". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005555.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The current weak state of the platinum market, as well as the large inventory of platinum group metals held by Russia, necessitates that the South African platinum mining industry must carefully evaluate the benefits and disadvantage of small-scale mining of shallow, open castable ore resources. Until the late 1980's, these resources were ignored due to the metallurgical complexities of treating oxidized ore, as well as the mind set that existed within the South African mining industry which militated against open cast mining in the Bushveld. During the latter part of the 1980's and early 1990's, advances in the metallurgical treatment of oxidized ore, specifically the UG2, as well as operational problems, created the impetus to begin the exploitation of these resources. Small-scale open cast mining has become viable due to the development of suitable mining methods that facilitate mining practices acceptable to the Department of Mineral and Energy Affairs, in terms of environmental legislation. Metallurgical advances and growing experience, especially with respect to the UG2, enables reasonable platinum group metals recovery from oxidized ore. The problems experienced in doing this can, and are being overcome. With growing public awareness of environmental issues, particularly related to the mining industry, the requirement to ensure that the small-scale open cast mine site is well managed is paramount. A methodology for the evaluation is presented along with a case study of a small-scale UG2 open cast pit. Evidence is presented that shows that these small-scale open cast mining operations are extremely profitable and require minimal capital expenditure. However, caution is advised when evaluating Merensky Reef open cast operations because of the problems that they present.
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McGill, Jeannette Elizabeth. "Technical risk assessment techniques in mineral resources management with special reference to the junior and small-scale mining sectors". Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02092006-124915.
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Furniss, Allison. "“Je Cherche La Vie!”: Women's Labour Politics in Masisi's Artisanal Coltan Mines". Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33895.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In considering how women navigate the complexity and gendered aspects of the artisanal mining industry, this study seeks to unpack women's labour at step one of the global supply chain of coltan, in the post-conflict context of eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Female miners are largely excluded from mine work by blurry regulatory frameworks, gendered social norms and financial disparities, however they manage to remain active labourers in the artisanal mining industry. Within a broader socio-political context of poverty, political instability and rural livelihoods, women maintain access to mine work through strategies, often premised on a gendered solidarity, such as organizing into collectives, engaging in small group collaborations and employing creative ruses to maintain the secrecy of their labour. This thesis seeks to analyze women's exclusions from mine work and the subsequent strategies they employ to circumvent those exclusions and maintain work in the mines. Based on three months of ethnographic fieldwork at artisanal coltan mine sites in Masisi Territory in the province of North Kivu, this study employs ethnographic observations, focus group and interview methodologies.
Libri sul tema "Small-scale miners"
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Caballero, Evelyn. Gold from the gods: Traditional small-scale miners in the Philippines. Quezon City: Giraffe Books, 1996.
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Jennings, Norman. Social and labour issues in small-scale mines: Report for discussion at the Tripartite Meeting on Social and Labour Issues in Small-scale Mines, Geneva, 1999. Geneva: International Labour Office, 1999.
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Veiga, Marcello M. Protocols for environmental and health assessment of mercury released by artisanal and small-scale gold miners. Vienna: Global Mercury Project, UNIDO, 2004.
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Veiga, Marcello M. Protocols for environmental and health assessment of mercury released by artisanal and small-scale gold miners. Vienna: Global Mercury Project, UNIDO, 2004.
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Kaseko, E. S. Small-scale mining in Malawi and regulatory environment. Blantyre [Malawi: s.n., 1999.
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Tshikalange, Humbulani. Small-scale mining: An annotated bibliography. Braamfontein: MEPC, 1996.
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K, Ghose Ajoy, Mining, Geological, and Metallurgical Institute of India., United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. e International Conference on Small-scale Mining (1991 : Calcutta, India), a cura di. Small-scale mining: A global overview. New Delhi: Mining, Geological, and Metallurgical Institute of India, Calcutta, and Oxford & IBH Pub., 1994.
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K, Ghose Ajoy, National Institute of Small Mines (Calcutta, India) e Global Conference on Small and Medium Scale Mining (1996 : Calcutta, India), a cura di. Small/medium scale mining: A global perspective. Calcutta: National Institute of Small Mines, 1997.
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M, Hilson Gavin, a cura di. Small-scale mining, rural subsistence and poverty in West Africa. Rugby, Warwickshire: Practical Action Publishing, 2006.
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United Nations. Economic Commission for Africa., a cura di. Compendium on best practices in small-scale mining in Africa. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Economic Commission for Africa, 2002.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "Small-scale miners"
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Veiga, Marcello, e J. Alejandro Delgado-Jimenez. "Can Small Mining Be Beautiful?" In Heavy Metal, 117–26. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0373.12.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The mining industry has been traditionally dominated by large companies that depend on the discovery of ‘world class’ mineral deposits. In recent decades, however, such discoveries have become increasingly rare, as mineral exploration activities yield a greater fraction of small and medium-size deposits. Small-scale deposits have been exploited by millions of artisanal miners in developing countries using rudimentary methods. Artisanal mining can bring significant economic benefits to local populations, while also creating negative social and environmental impacts. This essay discusses the uncertain future of large mineral deposits, and proposes a scenario where the future of metal supply involves mining small deposits using sophisticated techniques. The co-existence of small- to medium-size conventional mining companies with artisanal miners has been observed in various Latin American countries, creating improved oversight and efficiency, while decreasing pollution and social impacts.
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Amankwah, Richard K., e C. Anim-Sackey. "7. Fostering cooperation between small- and largescale gold miners in West Africa". In Small-Scale Mining, Rural Subsistence and Poverty in West Africa, 67–74. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780445939.007.
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Farmer, Paul. "1. A Tour through the Miners’ Strike". In After the Miners’ Strike, 11–26. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0329.03.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
I start a professional arts career by accident, driving an underpowered bus around the lanes, trunk roads and motorways of Cornwall and England to transport Miracle Theatre, a small-scale Cornish theatre company on a tour of an adaptation of Macbeth and a children’s show called The Joke Machine. Thatcherism is putting to death the countercultural tradition that has formed the cultural ecosystem of alternative theatre practice, and the effects of the physical exhaustion that is the result of a gruelling schedule are exacerbated by a growing awareness of the 1984/85 Miners’ Strike, leading some of us to the conclusion that our efforts are misdirected and that we need to participate in some way in the conflict in the coalfields.
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Collins, Nina, e Lynda Lawson. "Strategies for working with artisanal and small-scale miners in sub-Saharan Africa". In Africa’s Mineral Fortune, 237–63. New York : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge studies of the extractive industries and sustainable development: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429467424-18.
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Aubynn, Anthony Kwesi. "19. ‘Live and let live’: The relationship between artisanal/small-scale and large-scale miners at Abosso oldfields, Ghana". In Small-Scale Mining, Rural Subsistence and Poverty in West Africa, 227–40. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780445939.019.
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Basil, Chioma V. "Energy Justice Concerns of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining Amidst Energy Transition". In Just Transitions, 209–16. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46282-5_28.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThe history of artisanal and small-scale mining is riddled with injustices ranging from tax avoidance to land grabs, pollution, deforestation, adverse impact on local communities and destruction of the world’s carbon sinks. The benefits and adverse impacts associated with artisanal and small-scale mining are of global significance; often involving elements of technological, economic, environmental, health and safety, social, and governmental and political concerns. The exacerbated demand for metals used for low-carbon technologies as a result of climate change mitigation necessitates an intervention against the grave dangers associated with small-scale mining activities. Unfortunately, many governments do not attempt to control these activities, which are either outside their regulatory framework, or they lack the capacity to monitor or control these activities. This chapter examines the vital role of the artisanal and small-scale mining industry and the imminent relevance of energy justice application to this growing and unrecognised industry. It highlights how energy justice promotes the rights protection of artisanal and small-scale miners and communities, the redistribution of benefits, and environmental protection. Consequently, a social contract can be implemented to attain transformative change in the industry and ensure global well-being, hence, a just transition to a carbon-free economy.
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Custodio, Benette P., Aura C. Matias e Virginia J. Soriano. "Work-Related Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Small Scale Gold Miners and Extraction Workers in the Philippines". In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 495–501. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41929-9_45.
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Dessertine, Anna. "Spatializing Social Change: Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Upper Guinea". In Methodological Approaches to Societies in Transformation, 213–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65067-4_9.
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AbstractThis chapter proposes a spatial perspective on the analysis of social change in the making via a study of artisanal and small-scale gold-mining sites in Guinea based on twenty-two months of fieldwork between 2011 and 2019 in the region of Upper Guinea, where increasing numbers of inhabitants have been circulating between artisanal and small-scale mining sites to search for gold since the price of gold rose between 2008 and 2012. The chapter starts by discussing artisanal and small-scale mining spaces through the notion of hotspots of transition, insisting on their liminal character. This liminality is analyzed as a spatial framework in which new opportunities emerge regarding gender—women’s adoption of what is considered masculine behavior, for instance—and where instantaneity is more privileged than continuity in some actions, such as those associated with consumption. More generally, it shows how the potential for change in artisanal and small-scale mining spaces is closely linked to their ephemeral nature. The relationship between space and temporality is more explicitly discussed in the second part of the chapter, which explores how the ephemerality of artisanal and small-scale mining spaces has recently been challenged by the Guinean government’s move to control mining mobility and fix mining sites spatially by delimiting legal mining territories. Since 2015–2016, multiple military operations have been conducted to expel miners from land for which the Guinean State has given industrial companies legal permits to prospect for and mine gold. This part of the chapter analyzes the socio-spatial consequences of this situation and shows that perceptions of time and of social change are constructed by the forms that space take.
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Opoku, Darko. "Small-Scale Ghanaian Miners and the Textiles and Garment Industry in the Age of Chinese Economic Onslaught". In Challenges to African Entrepreneurship in the 21st Century, 147–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61000-9_6.
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Tschakert, Petra, e Nicole Laliberte. "Contaminated Identities: Understanding Human and Environmental Risks and Livelihood Options Among Small-Scale Gold Miners in Ghana". In Environment and Health in Sub-Saharan Africa: Managing an Emerging Crisis, 65–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9382-1_5.
Testo completoAtti di convegni sul tema "Small-scale miners"
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Lu, Jinky Leilanie. "0009 Ergonomic hazards and injuries among small scale miners in the philippines". In Eliminating Occupational Disease: Translating Research into Action, EPICOH 2017, EPICOH 2017, 28–31 August 2017, Edinburgh, UK. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104636.3.
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Manyuchi, M. M., e N. Sukdeo. "Business Survival Strategies for Small Scale Miners to Remain Afloat in Turbulent Times". In 2nd South American Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. Michigan, USA: IEOM Society International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46254/sa02.20210302.
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Sarkar, Sritama, Neil Bose e Mridul Sarkar. "Measurement Techniques for Full Scale Test of a Submersible Walking Dredger/ Miner". In SNAME 27th American Towing Tank Conference. SNAME, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/attc-2004-015.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The use of surface floating dredgers in deep inland reservoirs, shelf areas and tidal inlets is limited by several operational restrictions and mobilization problems. Deployment of small, modular, autonomous to semi-autonomous submersible dredgers/ miners in these areas is expected to reduce the operational and mobilization constraints. Most of the existing submersible dredgers/ miners use tracks for locomotion on submerged ground. Legged locomotion is however favored in these natural unstructured terrains. A small, modular, walking submersible dredger/ miner is designed and a prototype is under construction. Prediction of the major design parameters of such a system requires a mathematical model integrating the processes of excavation, transportation of the excavated material and locomotion of the vehicle while moving on submerged ground. This paper gives a brief overview of the full scale tests to be performed with the prototype for validation of part of the mathematical model.
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Lu, Jinky Leilanie. "O-35 Occupational Injuries and Hazard Exposures among Small-Scale Miners in the Philippines". In 28th International Symposium on Epidemiology in Occupational Health (EPICOH 2021). BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2021-epi.62.
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Mgiba, C., e S. M. Rupprecht. "Slope Stability Analysis and Design for Small-Scale Mines". In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0747.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT Introduction: Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) is the extraction of ore with minimal to no mechanization by individuals or group of people who do not have advanced technical knowledge. Though ASM has gained considerable acceptance, one reason for its unsustainable is because of slope collapses that occur affecting the health and safety of miners and surrounding community. In rock mechanics, slope stability analysis and design has received significant attention in large scale mining to mitigate the risk of slope collapse but minimal implementation in artisanal and small-scale mining. This paper reports back the implementation of slope analysis and design through field observations to demonstrate the process of estimating rock mass rating (RMR) and finding suitable slope angles using Bieniawski (1976) RMR and Heins and Terbrugge stability charts respectively. Further analysis through laboratory strength tests and using numerical modelling software to assess the slope stability of the current and proposed slope design was conducted. Results: The slope design used in the ASM operation is unsuitable and the slope analysis using estimation charts required further analysis. Rock strength results were then used in OPTUM G2 to attempt to imitate reality. Suggested mining methods were proposed and mapped in OPTUM G2 where the limit equilibrium analysis showed that the gravity multiplier had increased by 10.04 for the upper limit and 2.79 for the lower limit and the strength reduction factor increased by 1.5. Significance: It is essential to continuously refine critical issues and help establish desirable conditions for ASM operations because it has a high potential to contribute towards sustainable development. Implementing cost-effective slope stability analysis systems for sustainable mining and promote achieving Sustainable Development Goal 1,3,8 and 9. Conclusion: The estimation process can be used with the guidance of a rock engineering practitioner during the design process of the mine after exposing the rock mass during the exploration stage. However, there may be other factors that can hinder the collection of data and modelling during the design phase as slope stability analysis systems were designed for large-scale mines.
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Haq, Arinil, e Umar Fahmi Achmadi. "MERCURY POISONING ON GOLD MINERS AT ARTISANAL AND SMALL-SCALE GOLD MINING IN INDONESIA:A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW". In Global Public Health conference. The International Institute of Knowledge Management-TIIKM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/globeheal.2018.1102.
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Lu, Jinky Leilanie. "0008 Occupational epidemiology of health risks and chemical exposures among small scale miners in the philippines". In Eliminating Occupational Disease: Translating Research into Action, EPICOH 2017, EPICOH 2017, 28–31 August 2017, Edinburgh, UK. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104636.2.
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Howlett, PJ, H. Mousa, B. Said, A. Mbuya, OM Kon, SG Mpagam e J. Feary. "S59 Silicosis, tuberculosis and silica exposure among artisanal and small-scale miners: a systematic review and modelling paper". In British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2023, QEII Centre, Broad Sanctuary, Westminster, London SW1P 3EE, 22 to 24 November 2023, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2023-btsabstracts.65.
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Shamusideen, Kadiri, e Sels Dakwak. "582 Health and safety training on lead exposure for artisanal and small-scale gold miners in zamfara state, nigeria". In 32nd Triennial Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), Dublin, Ireland, 29th April to 4th May 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.713.
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Pinto, Willian Leandro Henrique, Bernardo Tavares Freitas e Pablo Brito-Parada. "Criteria-Based Environmental Quality Assessment for Small-Scale Open-Pit Mines (Quarries)". In The 9th World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/iceptp24.169.
Testo completoRapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Small-scale miners"
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Marin, Anabel, Lilia Stubrin, Diego Murguía, Enrique Carreras e Rocío Palacin. Innovation and Competitiveness in Mining Value Chains: The Case of Argentina. Inter-American Development Bank, ottobre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003720.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Argentina has outstanding mineral potential, with substantial amounts of unexplored and unexploited geological resources. Despite this potential, the nonenergy mining sector is still small-scale, representing 0.5 percent of GDP and 3.0 percent of total exports, and is concentrated mainly in a few regions of the country. This document investigates the metal mining value chain in Argentina, in particular the opportunities and challenges that domestic companies find to participate in it. It provides policy recommendations that can help improve the chances of these firms entering and then expanding, growing, and diversifying their clients and markets.
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Alemu, Dawit, John Thompson e Abebaw Assaye. Rice Commercialisation, Agrarian Change and Livelihood Trajectories: Transformations on the Fogera Plain of Ethiopia. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), agosto 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.020.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Rice was considered a minor crop in Ethiopia, rarely consumed by many households in Sub-Saharan Africa. In recent decades, however, it has become the most rapidly growing staple food source in the country. This paper presents an historical analysis of rice commercialisation and the observed agrarian changes that have resulted from its introduction and spread in Ethiopia. The paper analyses the role of the state, private actors and development partners in promoting improvements in rice production and value chain upgrading, as well as examines the impacts of small-scale commercialisation on local livelihoods and rural economies.
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Robert, Gillian. PR-420-153722-R01 Pipeline Right-of-Way Ground Movement Monitoring from InSAR. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), febbraio 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011463.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Longwall mining induces large surface motion that may impact active pipelines. Typical remediation for longwall mining involves shutting down and exposing the pipeline. The use of InSAR has the potential to provide accurate measurements confirming the expected ground movement that will occur with the mining operations. Used correctly, with an appropriate survey design, InSAR can provide extremely high densities of ground movement over time. Exploiting the wide-area capabilities of InSAR could become an important part of integrity management for pipelines where longwall mining is a consideration. InSAR surveys are well suited to the observation of spatially and temporally smooth movements. These movements can be very small (millimetres in months) or larger in areal extent and movement. We have previously shown the ground movement (of 9.8 ft in 12 years) along a pipeline associated with an enhance oil recovery operation. This work examines some of the design considerations necessary to observe fast, large scale deformation with InSAR. This is accomplished through modelling and through the examination of data captured over a pipeline/longwall mine in Pennsylvania. The qualitative description of the passage of the miner is very good. The local ground conditions in Pennsylvania make a more thorough examination of the ground movement available from SAR less accurate than it would be in regions better suited to InSAR measurements (for instance Wyoming).
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Jackson, G. D. Bedrock geology, northwest part of Nuluujaak Mountain, Baffin Island, Nunavut, part of NTS 37-G/5. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/314670.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The map area lies about 40 km northwest of Baffinland's iron mine. Dykes of unit mAnA3 within unit mAnA2 suggest that unit mAnA2 predates unit mAnA3. Unit nAMqf, basal Mary River Group unit, includes regolith material from units mAnA2 and mAnA3. Unit mAnAm may include some dykes of unit nAMb. The Mary River Group was deposited in a volcanic-arc environment, yielding zircon U-Pb ages mostly in the range of 2.88 to 2.72 Ga. Iron-formation (unit nAMi) is approximately 276 m thick locally, with oxide facies (unit nAMio) being most abundant. The quartzite triangle west of 'Iron lake' (unofficial name) may be a small horst. The main east-west-trending synclinal fold, including the area around 'Iron lake' and the no. 4 ore deposit, is upright, nearly isoclinal, and plunges mostly easterly at both ends with small scale anticlines and synclines in the middle. Magnetite constitutes about 75% of high-grade iron deposits in the north limb, whereas hematite predominates in south-limb deposits. K-Ar and Rb-Sr ages indicate middle Paleoproterozoic overprinting. Central Borden Fault Zone was active at ca. 1.27 Ga and during or after Ordovician time. Note: please be aware that the information contained in CGM 408 is based on legacy data from the 1960-1990s and that it has been superseded by regional-scale information contained in CGM 403.
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Ziemkiewicz, P. F., W. J. Head, D. D. Gray, H. J. Siriwardane e W. A. Sack. Disposal of fluidized bed combustion ash in an underground mine to control acid mine drainage and subsidence - phase II - small scale field demonstration. Topical report, December 1, 1996--February 28, 1997. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/567437.
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Price, Roz. Taxation and Public Financial Management of Mining Revenue in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), ottobre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.144.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This rapid review provides a summary of the evidence on the taxation and public financial management of mining revenues in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This is a very complex topic, with a large and growing literature base, a huge interest by donors, non-governmental organisations and businesses, with some conflicting information at times. In particular, specific data on provincial budgets and spending was not identified during this review. No specific information on public financial management in either of these provinces was identified during the course of this review. Given the burgeoning size of the literature base and the complexity of the mining sector in the DRC, this rapid review only provides a snapshot of the literature. It draws on academic, grey and donor literature sources. Some papers for further reading are highlighted. The report first provides a brief background discussion of general taxation in the DRC, the decentralisation process, and provincial public revenue management. The next section provides general information on the mining sector in the DRC, including the regulatory system and official duties, royalties and tax provisions. Section 4 goes into more detail about taxation and rent-seeking in the mining sector, touching on both large-scale mining (LSM) and artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM). The next section looks at smuggling of minerals in the DRC, with a focus on gold. Finally, some specific lessons learned were drawn from two World Bank projects and highlighted in the final section. Lessons and experiences from other mining-related projects are also highlighted throughout the report. Literature in French was not included in this rapid review, which may mean that some key documents were omitted.
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Honegger, Wijewickreme e Monroy. L52325 Assessment of Geosynthetic Fabrics to Reduce Soil Loads on Buried Pipelines - Phase I and II. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), dicembre 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010398.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
High soil loads on buried pipelines can lead to unacceptably high pipeline strains developed in response to permanent ground displacement. Common causes of permanent ground displacement are related to slope instability as a result of heavy precipitation or ground subsidence. In addition, several permanent ground displacement hazards are related to earthquakes including surface fault displacement, triggered landslide movement, surface ground settlement related to liquefaction, and lateral spread displacement. Result: Four specific areas of investigation were completed: 1.Performed baseline tests in moist sand to confirm minimal difference in horizontal soil restraint between moist and dry sand. 2.Performed tests to gauge the variation in horizontal load reduction with separation between the pipe and an inclined trench wall lined with two layers of geotextile. 3.Performed tests in compacted 19 mm (0.75 in) minus sand and crushed limestone (referred to locally in British Columbia as road mulch) to attempt to provide larger difference between horizontal forces developed with and without lining a trench wall with geotextile. 4.Performed tests to attempt to confirm oblique horizontal-axial soil restraint behavior reported in small-scale tests and centrifuge tests. Benefit: Rather than undertake further physical testing to better understand how the presence of single or dual layers of geotextile fabric changes the mechanisms by which soil restraint develops for horizontal ground displacement, future efforts should focus on numerical simulation preferably using discrete element methods. Until full-scale test data are available to confirm consistent prediction of oblique horizontal-axial soil restraint, the practice of treating horizontal and axial soil springs independently in the analysis of buried pipeline response to ground displacement, as is the current practice, should be maintained.
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Lubowa, Nasser, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn e Kari L. Clase. Pharmaceutical Industry in Uganda: A Review of the Common GMP Non-conformances during Regulatory Inspections. Purdue University, dicembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317442.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The prevalence of substandard medicines in Africa is high but not well documented. Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) are likely to face considerable challenges with substandard medications. Africa faces inadequate drug regulatory practices, and in general, compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) in most of the pharmaceutical industries is lacking. The majority of pharmaceutical manufacturers in developing countries are often overwhelmed by the GMP requirements and therefore are unable to operate in line with internationally acceptable standards. Non-conformances observed during regulatory inspections provide the status of the compliance to GMP requirements. The study aimed to identify the GMP non-conformances during regulatory inspections and gaps in the production of pharmaceuticals locally manufactured in Uganda by review of the available 50 GMP reports of 21 local pharmaceutical companies in Uganda from 2016. The binary logistic generalized estimating equations (GEE) model was applied to estimate the association between odds of a company failing to comply with the GMP requirements and non-conformances under each GMP inspection parameter. Analysis using dummy estimation to linear regression included determination of the relationship that existed between the selected variables (GMP inspection parameters) and the production capacity of the local pharmaceutical industry. Oral liquids, external liquid preparations, powders, creams, and ointments were the main categories of products manufactured locally. The results indicated that 86% of the non-conformances were major, 11% were minor, and 3% critical. The majority of the non-conformances were related to production (30.1%), documentation (24.5%), and quality control (17.6%). Regression results indicated that for every non-conformance under premises, equipment, and utilities, there was a 7-fold likelihood of the manufacturer failing to comply with the GMP standards (aOR=6.81, P=0.001). The results showed that major non-conformances were significantly higher in industries of small scale (B=6.77, P=0.02) and medium scale (B=8.40, P=0.04), as compared to those of large scale. This study highlights the failures in quality assurance systems and stagnated GMP improvements in these industries that need to be addressed by the manufacturers with support from the regulator. The addition of risk assessment to critical production and quality control operations and establishment of appropriate corrective and preventive actions as part of quality management systems are required to ensure that quality pharmaceuticals are manufactured locally.
9
Kleber, Emily J., Greg M. McDonald, W. Adolph Yonkee e Elizabegth Balgord Balgord. Interim Geologic Map of the Plain City Southwest 7.5' Quadrangle, Weber and Box Elder Counties, Utah. Utah Geological Survey, luglio 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ofr-765.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Plain City Southwest (SW) and Ogden Bay 7.5′ quadrangles are in Weber, Box Elder, and Davis Counties. The quadrangles include parts of the communities of Hooper, Warren, and Reese, the Harold Crane Waterfowl Management Area, several waterfowl wetlands, as well as the southwestern corner of Willard Bay Reservoir. The North Fork and South Fork of the Weber River f low south into the Ogden Bay Wildlife Management Area at the edge of Great Salt Lake. The northwestern part of the Ogden Bay quadrangle and the southwestern part of the Plain City SW quadrangle contain most of Little Mountain, a small bedrock mountain with about 500 feet of relief. The western side of Little Mountain as well as the northern part of the Plain City SW quadrangle are part of Willard Bay of Great Salt Lake. Small meandering channels flow into the bays from local drainages. Numerous evaporation ponds related to industrial minerals production cover the central western and northwestern part of the Plain City SW quadrangle, obscuring geologic deposits. This mapping project will provide the basis for identifying and delimiting potential geologic hazards in future Utah Geological Survey (UGS) geologic hazard maps, part of the UGS Geologic Hazards Mapping Initiative (Castleton and McKean, 2012). Mapping for the project was done on stereographic pairs of aerial photographs from the following sources: black-and-white aerial photographs from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service (1958, 1965, 1971a, 1971b). Mosaics of some USDA photographs were accessed using the Weber County web services (USDA Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, 1937, 1962, 1980, 1985). Additional aerial photography sets from the National Agricultural Imaging Program (NAIP) were used (Utah Geospatial Resource Center [UGRC], mid-1990s, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2016a, 2018a, 2021a) as well as high-resolution (15cm) Hexagon imagery (Utah Geospatial Resource Center, 2021b). Most Quaternary unit contacts, including human disturbed areas, were mapped using two lidar elevation datasets (Utah Geospatial Resource Center [UGRC], 2016b, 2018b). The geologic map was made by transferring the geology from the aerial photographs to a geographic information system (GIS) database using the programs ESRI ArcPro and Global Mapper v. 18 for a target scale of 1:24,000. Cross section A-A′ was created in Adobe Illustrator. Field-based investigations included shallow subsurface investigations in targeted areas with a soil auger. Materials from 1 to 3 meters were observed, documented, and sampled, which aided in preparing descriptions of most Quaternary units.
10
Kleber, Emily J., Greg M. McDonald, W. Adolph Yonkee e Elizabegth Balgord. Interim Geologic Map of the Ogden Bay 7.5' Quadrangle, Weber and Davis Counties, Utah. Utah Geological Survey, luglio 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ofr-766.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Plain City Southwest (SW) and Ogden Bay 7.5′ quadrangles are in Weber, Box Elder, and Davis Counties. The quadrangles include parts of the communities of Hooper, Warren, and Reese, the Harold Crane Waterfowl Management Area, several waterfowl wetlands, as well as the southwestern corner of Willard Bay Reservoir. The North Fork and South Fork of the Weber River f low south into the Ogden Bay Wildlife Management Area at the edge of Great Salt Lake. The northwestern part of the Ogden Bay quadrangle and the southwestern part of the Plain City SW quadrangle contain most of Little Mountain, a small bedrock mountain with about 500 feet of relief. The western side of Little Mountain as well as the northern part of the Plain City SW quadrangle are part of Willard Bay of Great Salt Lake. Small meandering channels flow into the bays from local drainages. Numerous evaporation ponds related to industrial minerals production cover the central western and northwestern part of the Plain City SW quadrangle, obscuring geologic deposits. This mapping project will provide the basis for identifying and delimiting potential geologic hazards in future Utah Geological Survey (UGS) geologic hazard maps, part of the UGS Geologic Hazards Mapping Initiative (Castleton and McKean, 2012). Mapping for the project was done on stereographic pairs of aerial photographs from the following sources: black-and-white aerial photographs from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service (1958, 1965, 1971a, 1971b). Mosaics of some USDA photographs were accessed using the Weber County web services (USDA Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, 1937, 1962, 1980, 1985). Additional aerial photography sets from the National Agricultural Imaging Program (NAIP) were used (Utah Geospatial Resource Center [UGRC], mid-1990s, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2016a, 2018a, 2021a) as well as high-resolution (15cm) Hexagon imagery (Utah Geospatial Resource Center, 2021b). Most Quaternary unit contacts, including human disturbed areas, were mapped using two lidar elevation datasets (Utah Geospatial Resource Center [UGRC], 2016b, 2018b). The geologic map was made by transferring the geology from the aerial photographs to a geographic information system (GIS) database using the programs ESRI ArcPro and Global Mapper v. 18 for a target scale of 1:24,000. Cross section A-A′ was created in Adobe Illustrator. Field-based investigations included shallow subsurface investigations in targeted areas with a soil auger. Materials from 1 to 3 meters were observed, documented, and sampled, which aided in preparing descriptions of most Quaternary units.