Tesi sul tema "Situation de changement"
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Dumas, Patrice. "L'évaluation des dommages du changement climatique en situation d'incertitude : l'apport de la modélisation des coûts de l'adaptation". Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0072.
The purpose of this thesis is the improvement of climate change damage assessment by the mean of : the use of a threshold damage function and an evaluation of the costs of adapting to a changed climate. Simulation and optimization compact climate economy integrated assessment models are solved to assess the damages. A stochastic threshold damage function leads to a precautionary effect for climate policies. In a cost-benefit framework, the threshold acts as a soft ceiling. Turning to the representation of adaptation, adaptive capital is split in categories corresponding with temperature ranges in optimization models. In simulation, a Kalman filter is used to model climate change detection. The results show strong anticipations. Additional costs arise mainly from over-investment allowing to follow climate change. The costs are not very sensitive to the amount of uncertainly, but they rise sharply in the case of no anticipation
Vidal, Pascal. "Contribution à la théorie des sytèmes d'information organisationnels : de l'automatisation analytique à l'ingénierie des processus de décision en situation complexe". Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX32012.
Senemeaud, Cécile. "Norme de consistance et de changement d'attitude post-comportemental en situation de soumission forcée". Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX10043.
Choukrani, Yousra. "Effet des situations de changement sur les émotions et des émotions sur la prise de décision : cas des conducteurs de changement". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA080014.
The evolution of organization's environment leads them to implement various changes, such as the deployment of new tools, working methods, and reorganizations. These organizational changes often arouse emotions such as joy, anger or even fear, for the change driver but also his entire team and individuals affected by the project.These various emotions are manifested in situations of change and are linked to several factors, in particular the degree of imposition, the context of the change or the interest and behavior of the change driver. Emotions may influence then decision-making and therefore the evolution of change : they could accelerate or even stop it.The link between situation, emotion and decision-making is therefore strategic for the conduct and success of organizational changes
Dauvier, Bruno. "Choix stratégiques en situation de résolution de problème : modélisations de la variabilité et du changement". Rennes 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN20043.
This work investigates the relevance of a selectionist representation of cognitive functioning. This representation presumes the existence of individual strategic preferences that should evolve in time. These preferences can be identified by studying conditional dependences between items in intelligence tests and by using a dynamic, psychometric model of the selection of strategies. Another hypothesis emanates from the simulations of selectionist systems inspired by artificial intelligence. It suggests two main origins for the performance differences between these systems: The speed of the response generation, and the regulation of random variations that are the source of the discovery of new strategies. These differences between individuals can be observed by studying the similitudes between consecutive responses
Dos, Santos Paulino Victor. "Le changement technique et organisationnel en situation d'incertitude : une analyse des strtégies d'inertie dans l'industrie spatiale". Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE0029.
A l'époque où l'on ne cesse d'évoquer l'intérêt d'innover, il nous a semblé important de savoir si les nombreuses situations d'inertie observables dans l'industrie sont systématiquement néfastes. Le consensus positif entourant l'acte d'innover provient du lien qu'il existe entre innovation et surprofit. Si ce lien est solide, il ne fait aucun doute que les situations d'inertie sont préjudiciables, en revanche si ce lien est fragile, nous montrons dans ce travail que les situations d'inertie deviennent pertinentes pour la survie des firmes. La mise en œuvre de stratégies visant à réutiliser les techniques, les processus et les formes organisationnelles validés est un comportement adapté lorsque l'environnement est risqué. Grâce à cette perspective, nous sommes en mesure de comprendre les différentes situations d'inertie observées dans l'industrie spatiale. La consommation de techniques très coûteuses dans des mondes méconnus fait apparaître un dilemme entre innovation et fiabilité qui penche en faveur de la fiabilité. Que ce soit dans la sphère technique comme dans la sphère organisationnelle, un important risque engendre un besoin de fiabilité élevé qui explique que le changement lent soit souvent plus profitable que le changement rapide
Dequerd, Pavin Christiane. "Le paradigme des grandes vacances : rationalisation versus consistance cognitive chez des enfants placés en situation de soumission forcée". Grenoble 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE29042.
This work comes in line with beauvois and joule's research (1981) derived from the theory of cognitive dissonance (festinger, 1957) and is focused on the study, in short and long terms conditions, of the cognitive dynamics at the time of dissonance reduction. Starting from the central hypothesis that dissonance reduction cannot be the reduction of all the inconsistencies but may generate some unbalance, the objects was ti identify conjointly the evalutive modifications subsequent to a problematic behaviour (writing a counterattitudinal essay in favour of the reduction of the time of summer holidays) and the repercussions of these modifications. The work is structureds around three studies conducted in elementary school (10-11 years old) and the results, globally, allow to understand better the specificity of the dissonance reduction process : the attitude change, when it is reducing the dissonance, is not accompanied by conjointly cognitive modifications in the same direction, even at long term. They invalide the classic interpretation in terms of consistency considering the post-experimental evaluative change as the consequence of cognitive changes
Martinie, Marie Amélie. "La réduction de la dissonance cognitive en situation de fausse attribution : changement d'attitude, trivialisation, rationalisation en act". Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10019.
Harouni, Moussa. "Introduction du changement dans une institution psychiatrique en Algérie : étude psychosociologique, approche clinique". Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081335.
Bérard, Raymond Dalhoumi Salah. "Exploration de conflits dans des bibliothèques en situation de changement ébauche d'un corpus de cas à vocation pédagogique /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dcb/M-2004-RECH-08-grignoux.pdf.
Rozon, Paulette. "Une étude exploratoire de la relation entre le style cognitif et le style de gestion de directions d'école en situation de changement". [Montréal] : Université de Montréal, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/umontreal/fullcit?pNQ82756.
"NQ-82756." "Thèse présentée à la faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de philosophiae doctor (Ph. D.) en administration de l'éducation." Version électronique également disponible sur Internet.
Gherardi, Jeanne-Marie. "Changement de la situation océanique au cours de la déglaciation : apport des traceurs 231Pa/230Th du sédiment et Mg/Ca des foraminifères benthiques". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066113.
Jaujard, François Robert. "De la conduite de changement organisationnel à la co-construction de rôle par la régulation des transitions d’acteurs : les opérateurs de fabrication de haute technologie face à leur nouvelle situation de travail". Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00436598.
Delaporte, Cyprien. "Les perceptions de justice en situation de changement dans l'armée de l'air française : comprendre les enjeux de la notation annuelle pour agir de façon juste". Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE2005/document.
The studies conducted in this thesis aim to highlight certain issues of organizational justice which emerge in the annual evaluations conducted on French Air Force personnel. Based on several quantitative and qualitative methodological perspectives, we first demonstrated how distributive justice prevails when it comes to military personnel reporting their perception of overall justice during evaluation periods. We then expanded these considerations to a series of variables related to the work, the organization and the leadership of this personnel. Results show that the major justice issues revolve essentially around the authority figure and leadership.Finally we conducted the same investigations after the air force’s personnel evaluation system changed. We demonstrated that the uncertainty surrounding the new evaluation tool tends to strengthen the role of perceptions of procedural justice, while mitigating focus on the authority as an object of justice
Durocher, Marianne. "Le raisonnement scientifique des adolescents de quatrième secondaire : changement conceptuel en contexte de situation-problème sur les phénomènes physiques de la flottaison et de la lumière". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2009. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1650/1/030110237.pdf.
Bretegnier, Aude. "Sécurité et insécurité linguistique : approches sociolinguistique et pragmatique d'une situation de contacts de langues : La Réunion". La Réunion, 1999. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/99_04_Bretegn.pdf.
After a comprehensive survey of the sociolinguistic theories, which can help us to figure out the notion of linguistic insecurity, this thesis attempts to study linguistic security and insecurity in French and Creole in Reunion Island. It proposes to describe the situation of reunion, where linguistic security and insecurity seem a relevant notion owing to the relationship which the native speakers upkeep with the languages in contact and the linguistic norms. This research tries to show how linguistic security and insecurity may explain the linguistic attitudes and behaviour, the many forms of language learning, "appropriation" and practise of French and Creole, and also the process of social inclusion and exclusion which is at work, everyday, in all verbal exchanges in the linguistic community of Reunion Island. A corpus of interviews is screened, using a double approach (sociolinguistic and pragmatic). This corpus, representing over one hundred hours of recordings, wholly transcribed, allows the thesis to address the following issues : how can languages be the principal criterion in the process of group admission, inclusion, or exclusion (be it linguistic, social, or for identity purposes), this being constantly played, negotiated, and redefined in all social verbal interactions ? How can linguistic security and insecurity be, in Reunion Island, a component of the social organisation, which stratifies speakers and social groups? And also, in which way it has direct repercussions on how in-groupness acknowledgement is socially conceded or refused, on speakers and groups' linguistic rights (authorisation, implicit or explicit, in the use of this or that language, in other words, to belong to a sociolinguistic community and the identity that goes with it, etc)
Tessier, Jocelyne. "L'insécurité liée à l'emploi et la perception de la situation de changement au travail, la perception de contrôle, la tolérance à l'ambiguïté, la dépendance à l'emploi et le stress". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1996. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4824/1/000628951.pdf.
Deniel, Jonathan. "Conscience du risque et automatisation de la conduite : de l’analyse des processus cognitifs en situation de changement de voie à la conception centrée sur l’humain d'un système d'automatisation human-like". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0445.
Driving activity is both widespread and very complex. Among the most frequently executed manœuvres we identified the lane change (LC) with insertion between traffic vehicles. Current improvements in the field of driving automation are progressively paving the way for the gradual automation of the various components of the driving activity, including, among other things, lane changes.Our purposes in this thesis work in cognitive engineering were (1) to better understanding and contribution to the modeling of the driver's cognitive processes at work when making decisions and performing LC in manual driving (especially regarding the subjective risk assessment), in order to feed the development of the gls{COSMODRIVE} model (cites{bellet2003}). (2) Design and evaluate a textit{Human-like} automation capable of executing a LC as a human driver. This second objective also makes it possible to address questions about the acceptance of the behaviour of this type of automations. (3) Study the possible effects induced by the use of this LC automation, on decisions and judgments regarding lane change situations in subsequent manual driving situations.To achieve these objectives, we set up a research protocol (on the V-HCD driving simulation platform) divided into three intertwined experimental phases and involving the same participants for each of them. Participants were first invited to make decisions on LC and to assess the situational risk and acceptability of a hypothetical automated LC system. Then, in the second phase, they were invited to use and evaluate textit{Human-like} LC automation we designed for this experiment. Finally, in the last phase, participants were instructed to drive again manually and to make LC decisions in driving situations that were specially configured to approach their decision threshold (estimated from a direct analysis of their decisions during the first manual driving phase).The results obtained led us to identify a traffic merging strategy within the LC manœuvre allowing us, on the basis of the envelope zones theory, to explain the structure of the LC decisions. Concerning the human-like LC automation we found a better acceptance of the system by the participants than expected, even from the most reluctants to the autonomous vehicle. We also showed a decrease in the risk estimation of the situation and the manoeuvre when it was performed by the automation. We additionnaly validated the textit{Human-like} aspect of our automation's LC trajectory. Finally, we were able to highlight the occurence of an effect induced by the use of the automation during later manual driving LC situations. This induced effect was resulting in a lowering of the decision threshold as well as the risk assessment of the LC manoeuvre to be executed. These results suggest that the human-centred design approach to driving automation systems design is promising in terms of technology acceptance and adoption. However they may present some potential induced "side" effects that will require deeper investigation
Jaujard, François. "De la conduite du changement organisationnel à la co-construction de rôle par la régulation des transitions d'acteurs : les opérateurs de fabrication de haute technologie face à leur nouvelle situation de travail". Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00436598.
Lumbroso, Sarah. "Prospective et stratégies pour l’environnement : entre fabrique des futurs et situation de gestion, quelles prises pour l’action ?" Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA001/document.
Faced by challenges for the future such as that posed by the extent of ecological disruption (climate change, species extinction, pressure on water resource), the narratives regarding the future are ever multiplying, whether promising solutions via technology, models of a utopian society, or considering collapse as inevitable. Do said narratives play a part in the practical implementation of environmental management and are they supporting or restraining the action of those seeking to improve the state of ecosystems? This thesis addresses these issues by investigating the contribution of futures studies to the strategies of stakeholders acting for an effective management of environmental issues. Through eight case studies, the research work analyses how designers build futures studies so that they can provide opportunities for action to environmental actors (i.e. water agencies, protected areas managers, NGOs etc.). Futures studies influence the “manufacture of futures”, that is, the competition between various future depictions of sociotechnical systems which results in imposing or excluding certain pathways of change. By making visible, in the manufacture of futures, narratives which lend credibility to transformations of socioecological systems in favour of ecological issues, futures studies may empower environmental actors. Futures studies designers connect the results of their interventions with processes in environmental management situations. These connections can provide, not without difficulty, opportunities to influence power relationships, the negotiation of environmental management actions, and the internal processes of organisations involved. This thesis offers an analytical framework to support the strategic thinking of futures studies designers in the design and implementation of their interventions. Furthermore, it opens up new avenues on the strategic issues of producing narratives to support the transitions of sociotechnical systems
L'Hôte, Pascal. "Etude et developpement d'une nouvelle methode de mesure des resistances de contact en situation reelle mettant en oeuvre un phenomene de changement de phase : application au controle des resistances de contact dans les echangeurs compacts". Nantes, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NANT2017.
L'Hôte, Pascal. "Etude et développement d'une nouvelle méthode de mesure des résistances de contact en situation réelle mettant en oeuvre un phénomène de changement de phase application au contrôle des résistances de contact dans les échangeurs compacts /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376074125.
Balamane, Ferhat. "Contribution à l'étude des effets du changement culturel en Algérie : conflits interpersonnels, intrapersonnels et identifications des jeunes Algérois en situation d'acculturation : approche à travers un test projectif, le test des trois personnages, et une enquête par questionnaire". Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H019.
The present research concerns the conflicts, both intrapersonal and interpersonal, generated by a situation of acculturation that the algerian society is facing. It is an attempt at delineating these conflicts by combining two techniques: a questionnaire study and a projective test. The data collected are presented in four important parts: -the first part involves the results of an opinion survey. Both quantitative and qualitative types of analyses are performed and provided. The results of the survey are also extensively discussed and their theoretical implications are considered. -the second part of this research is related to the investigation of parent-child relationships. Wich has been achieved through the use of the "test des trois personnages", by using subjects identifications (with highly valued characters of the story) as a projective approach for analysing these relationships. -the third part provides an analysis of acculturation conflicts with in the traditional-modern theoretical framework, using again the "ttp" -finally, some clinical data are provided wich involve the clinical dimension of acculturation conflicts
Azdia, Touati. "Changement d'attitude et engagement dans les situations de double soumission". Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10027.
Hart, Josette. "Etude communicationnelle de situations de changement dans les établissements de soins". Montpellier 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON30013.
This survey presents four situations of change in french hospitals and health clinics'professionnal techniques. These situations take place in inhouse training and developement interventions aimed at change, considering the money invested in them. Two method are used to identify a communicative structure, as well as to build a communicative analysis based on the four situations : - the method of phenomeno-structural analysis, inspired by levis strauss's structural analysis and phenomenology by husserl, modeled by alex mucchielli. Thanks to this method, a communication structure, result of the play played by the actors, has been brought out from situations of change. The logice behind the play is to make the change impossible. - the method of communicative analysis we have created using the six communicative process that take place in situation of communication,as identified by alex mucchielli. This method has helped us understand the different communicative phenomena which make change impossible. This survey has demonstrated that communicative analysis allows to model situations and, therefore, to compare their architecture. The analysis refines the comprehension of these phenomena and their possible treatment. We have come to the conclusion that current training and development techniques nourish the play of impossible change implicitly played by the actors. We suggest new training and development tehniques that take into account the elements of the situation and use the information and communication science concepts and tools render change possible with the actors
Bachelet, Jean-François. "Changements et paradoxes de l'Université : Approche socio-anthropologique d'une situation particulière". Metz, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2001/Bachelet.Jean_Francois.LMZ0102_1.pdf.
The university today can no longer be content with adjusting its missions to current developpements : it has to radically change the way it meets them. While demands from streamlining and rationalizing are still spelled out by political instances, both the spirit behind them and the way they are formulated come from the world of economy. From now on the university must define itself, and account for the quality of its products on the international market of science, as a private company would. The present dissertation shows to what extent this process is indeed part of a capitalist ideology as formalized by Luc Boltanski and Eve Chiapello in "Le Nouvel esprit du capitalisme". As shown all though, paradoxes are central to the world of academe because of the several contradictions and tensions that are as many rifts in university research, for instance that between 'hard' and 'soft' sciences, or between fundamental and apllied research. These paradoxes testify to the complexity which characterizes the university and which somehow constitutes it. In this perspective paradoxes are their own justification in that they make it possible for the university to change without any calling for any sudden break with the past or revolutionary upheaval. The present study also shows how a rationalizing of the university along the lines defined by a capitalist economy leads to the emergence of a new paradoxes and it explores their significance. Its major aim is to understand the grammar of change that is at work in the discourse developed within and on the university. Through the observation of one specific case we see how changes are implemented inside a university, how they are perceived and what kind of response they prompt. It also strives to go beyond local particularities and to bring out those elements that can apply to the university world at large
Bachelet, Jean-François Trépos Jean-Yves. "Changements et paradoxes de l'Université. Approche socio-anthropologique d'une situation particulière /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2001/Bachelet.Jean_Francois.LMZ0102_1.pdf.
Berthelot, Jean. "La maîtrise des situations de changement dans les entreprises de sous-traitances". Rennes 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN20009.
Lebreuilly, Joëlle. "Etude de l'enonciation dans les situations de soumission forcee. Rapport, changement d'attitude. Transformation langagieres". Caen, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CAEN1003.
Roberge-Vallières, Benoît. "La cécité aux changements : le défi de sa prévention en situations complexes et dynamiques". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25745.
Lagier, Robert. "Cadres et processus dans les situations de formation d'adultes : contribution psychologique à une problématique du changement". Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100118.
The idea of changing, related to the adult, is studied by reference to a true situation of adult education. One would like to know whether this changing comes from an internal psychic influence and or from the influence of a social group, or rather from an institution: the answer to this question can be given only after a clear definition of the adult personality. The study of a French traditional symbolical society: "the guild of workmen" allows us - to start with - to find out the way the ritual systems and the mythical systems operate in the personal changing. Then a critical analysis of three practices of adult education allows us to notice the strong dependency on the institution which realizes it, for any act aiming at a change: this dependency looks both ineluctable and necessary. All those studies will lead us to an attempt to describe the evolutional becoming of the adult personality. The theoretical propositions written by d. W. Winnicott give us a basis for the interpretation of the studied connections (psychic activity and social organization, educational act and set frame, personal transformation and symbolical structure). The link between psychological reactions and a set frame can be described in relation to the psychic dynamism ; the partially interpersonal origin of the processes which are the bases of the psychic life explain the functions of the set frame in the operations related to the evolution of people. The required conditions for a personal transformation, referring to the social and intrapersonal compounding of the psychic organization, can then be formulated
Lagier, Robert. "Cadres et processus dans les situations de formation d'adultes contribution psychologique à une problématique du changement". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37598870c.
Koumba, Théodore. "Changements des stéréotypes et de l'image de soi chez des étudiants gabonais en situation de migration temporaire". Aix-Marseille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX10035.
In this thesis, we present a research done with gabonese adults studying for years in france. Differents samples have been intorogated before, during and after their stay abroad. Migration, even temporary is a social process particularly viable for the study of the stability and the plasticity of national stereotypes. Questions of our research focused on the evolution of the auto(gabonese) and the heterostereotype (french) both in the content, in some of their formel aspects and their valorisation. We have also taken into consideration the fact that when individuals have to cope with the norms of two socities having for then a reference value, the self image of those people is highly required and questionned. A personnal and social dynamic is therefore actived and takes particular forms at each step of the migration process, any of these steps having specific meaning. During the temporary migration process, the autostereotype and the heterostereotype vary in their form
Courtiol-Jullia, Patricia. "Analyse des situations "routinières" de communication médiatisées via le web". Montpellier 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON30070.
Present day websites connecting the publication of documents, the potential of having a chat session and the possibility of remote access. In our attempt to analyse media objects from the point of view of communications in process, we have therefore tried to comprehend the uses that once institutionalised the long gone period of enchantement, discovery and knowing how to function le dispositif. Our research also intends to analyse and comprehend from the point of view of generalised communication how a web-user uses a site, on a regular basis, starting from his own bookmarks or from the mailing lists to which he has subscribed. Engaged to a communicational approach based on systemism, constructivism and phenology we have particularly stressed the concepts of situation and contextualisation
Houzé-Cerfon, Charles-Henri. "La simulation en santé : accompagner le changement pédagogique par l'évaluation de dispositifs d'apprentissage, des professionnels de santé, aux situations critiques". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20099.
Considering the ethical and social injunctions, the training of health professionals has become a challenge especially crisis resource management. Interprofessional simulation (IPS) has become an essential tool in the training of healthcare professionals. However, the IPS promotes social asymmetry (fear of judgment, power conflicts, hierarchical roles) that disrupts the regulation of sociocognitive conflicts as the foundation of the learning process. We proposed an evolution from the standard debriefing to a combined debriefing (individual interview before the collective debriefing - CODIS). A mixed research methodology was conducted with the intention of "knowing to objectify" the effects of the method and "knowing to explain" the observed or measured effects. The hypothesis was that CODIS could be a more effective interprofessional training than the standard debriefing for developing the skills of acute care teams in crisis resource management. A multidimensional approach concluded that CODIS was more effective in regulating emotions, improved social interactions during collective debriefing and reduced hierarchical tensions combined with an improvement of acute care teams performance in critical situation management. An epistemological reflection led us to question the assessment of simulation-based training. We propose a different methodological approach to explore the internal and external effects of the device. Further researches should be carried out to evaluate this methodology
Mengue, Metoule Evelyne. "Résolution des problèmes arithmétiques : rôle intermédiaire des situations de changement d'état par rapport à celle de type ensembliste et temporel". Thesis, Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080037/document.
This thesis examines semantic factors in additive problem solving and the related differences in difficulties. The problems studied can be solved by two strategies: the complementation strategy, based on a step by step procedure; and the matching procedure, based on the analogy between homologous elements. The two objectives of this work are: (i) to show that change problems are intermediate between combination problems with frequency contexts and combination problems with age contexts; (ii) to transfer to age problems the complementation procedure usually applied to frequency problems, and transfer to frequency problems the matching strategy usually applied to age problem. The experiments were conducted with children of 4th and 5th grades. The first experiment demonstrates that the change situations are intermediate between frequency and age problems. less often solved by a complementation strategy than frequency problems and less often solved by a matching strategy than age problems. In the second experiment, two teaching situations were tested. The first consisted in giving written instruction, in order to transfer the matching strategy to frequency problems, and to transfer the complementation procedure to age problems the transfer was observed for the matching strategy but not for the complementation strategy. The second teaching method consisted in oral lessons in class, the goal bieing similar: a massive effect of transfer of both procedures was observed as well as a generalization effect to problems with other contexts
Martina, Gabriele. "Nommer les femmes de la famille Julio-Claudienne : témoignages littéraires et épigraphiques". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAL008.
The aim of this thesis is to investigate the appellations, names and titles of the women of Julio-Claudian family in literary and epigraphic sources. The analysis and study of the appellations of these imperial women during the first period of the Roman Empire, is part of the contemporary research that seeks to define the spaces and action modalities of women during the time of classical antiquity and in particular, the period of transition from the Roman Republic to the Roman Empire. In fact, the passage of the Roman Republic to a new form of government marked a significant change in the situation of women, especially for the women of the imperial domus. Women, who until then were normally confined to a domestic and private sphere, acquired and exercised new action modalities within new spheres of action. This thesis is organized in two sections: the first part of the study analyses the names, appellations and titles of imperial women and the second part collates and organizes all the literary and epigraphic evidences of each woman of the Julio-Claudian family. The purpose of this research on the appellations and names of the women of Julio-Claudian dynasty has been to advance the study of feminine spaces at the beginning of the Roman Empire and to illuminate of the new actions modalities for the imperial women during this period. Furthermore, this doctoral research contributes to deepening our understanding of the changes of the role and status of imperial women and the complex relative relationships of these women to the men of imperial family, such as the emperors and other male figures in Julio-Claudian dynasty, or to eminent personages in the Roman imperial society
Petit-Delecourt, Elisa. "Prise en compte du travail dans les changements de pratiques vers l’agroécologie : outils et informations pour l’accompagnement des agriculteurs". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLA006/document.
In order to reduce agricultural pollution, farmers are invited to change their practices. But these new practices can generate changes in organization and working time, which farmers assert to explain their difficulty to change. Our goal is to study these changes in the work and to design tools facilitating agroecological transitions of farmers. We have surveyed agricultural advisers and farmers to analyze the consulting service offer, and the nature of the work information that farmers need in order to implement new practices. Noting the inadequacy of the existing tools, we organized two tool design workshops with their future users. We have identified and described 28 tools that could be designed. Four prototypes were developed: a technical sheet informing about work changes, a quiz and a serious game to identify work changes for a farm, and a test logbook to record key information to establish an assessment of work competition management and organizational choices
Elarnaoti, Alal. "Renouvellement et lutte de reclassement des élites libyennes en situation post - révolutionnaire : le cas de tripoli". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA080084.
The work presented in this thesis focuses on the diagnosis of the state of renewal of the Libyan elite after the revolution and the resulting conflicts. In this context, we also present the forms of the elite that formed after the revolution, whether political, economic, social or military elites, as they all created a complex political scene intertwined in a state of conflict in the world. over the past ten years. This study is carried out by following the political stages and the changes that took place in Libya after the revolution, and discusses the results of these changes on the elites of the Tripoli region. It also analyzes the active elements that shape today's events, while clarifying the interests that drive these actors, the alliances in which they participate and the divisions that separate them from the centers of the local balance of power in this region. It is also important to study the stages of the political transition in Libya after the revolution, as well as the most important difficulties facing the Tripoli region. What Libya is witnessing today is an integral part of the past, there are many differences and social and political issues are part of historical conflicts, and remember Libya did not follow a democratic political path, like it is customary in traditional political systems, there are no political parties or civil institutions in Libya, which in turn can build a culture of democracy and healthy political participation in society, based on a culture of dialogue
Bouard, Séverine. "Les politiques de développement à l'épreuve de la territorialisation : changements et stabilités dans une situation de décolonisation négociée, la province Nord de la Nouvelle-Calédonie". Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00656107.
Bernal, Personnaz Marie. "Images de la cible, implication socio-cognitive, implication interactive et processus d'influence sociale et persuasion : conceptions des "influencés" à travers un siècle de psychologie sociale : recherches expérimentales sur deux formes d'implication de la cible en situations d'influence et de persuasion". Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0138.
This thesis, in four parts, concerns the target of influence and in particular the way its involvement affects the level of change in the case of social influence or persuasion. We begin by tracing the development of the concept of "target of influence" across different periods of social psychology and their underlying ideological stakes (part i). Next, we analyze differents ways in which involvement of the target of influence can constitute a factor of change. We distinguish between three types of involvement in social psychology litterature which we identifiy as : socio-cognitive, behavioral and interactive involvement. (part ii). Following these theoretical developments we present six experimental studies. The first three studies concern the effects of socio-cognitive involvement of the target, through different forms of self-concept activation (part iii) results indicate on the one hand that the valorisation or depreciation of the target's self-image leads to different influence effects on manifest and latent levels, according to the majority or minority nature of the source. On the other hand, putting the target in a situation of "auto-activation" of an internal conflict makes him or her more receptive to minority influence. The last three studies concern interactive involvement of the target persons in a group discussion situation (part iv). Results indicate that involvement favors the internalization of group decisions. Moreover, group interaction facilitates the influence of information, in different ways depending upon the information's paradoxical (innovative majority, non-innovative minority) or non-paradoxical character (non-innovative majority, innovative minority). Furthermore, amplifying ideological content of information leads to greater cognitive dependency on the group when support comes from the majority. Finally, we bring together the different parts of this research in a discussion of its overall conclusions and the questions it raises
Fournier, Elyse. "Détermination de la valeur ultime du prélèvement d'eau brute en rivière pour une ville du sud-ouest québécois : Mise en situation avec la ville de Bromont". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5350.
Favreau, Jean-Luc. "Durabilité des exploitations en agriculture biologique : une analyse de la diversité des situations et des trajectoires d'évolution en Midi-Pyrénées". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058072.
Gemenne, François. "Environmental changes and migration flows : normative frameworks and policy responses". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0015.
Massive population displacements are regularly forecast as one of the most dramatic consequences of climate change. The thesis shows that such an approch is overly deterministic, and argues that patterns of migration flows depend primarily on policy responses. In a constructivist approah, the research contends that the very conceptualisation of environmental migration, as a political construct, is contingent upon the normative frameworks and policy responses that aim to address it. These frameworks and responses are examined in two policy areas: migration policies and environmental policies. Two empirical studies, in New Orleans and Tuvalu, complement the analysis
Boubaker, Selmen. "Models for assessing and improving supply chain agility". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC099.
This thesis addresses the topic of supply chain agility. Our work is carried out with professionals of the Supply Chain Management Chair of Centralesupelec that includes four industrial groups (Sanofi, Safran LVMH And Carrefour). We propose qualitative and quantitative approaches allowing to evaluate and improve agility, in the context of an end-to-end supply chain. First, we identify different situations that may affect the supply chain activity and that need to be treated rapidly (i.e. situations needing agility: SNA) as well as tools and methods allowing to respond to such situations (i.e. agility levers). We end up with two lists of situations needing agility and agility levers. Using the two lists, we build an agility matrix that allows to evaluate qualitatively the agility of a supply chain. Secondly, aiming to evaluate quantitatively supply chain agility, we define two new metrics that allow to assess the agility of a supply chain facing an SNA.To calculate these metrics, we propose a supply chain model that integrates parameters related to the physical and information flows such as production and transportation capacities and lead times, frozen planning horizons, safety stocks, etc. As another contribution, we develop an optimization model, implemented using CPLEX, that optimizes supply chain agility, taking into account financial constraints. Finally, we present a process for the evaluation and improvement of supply chain agility that is based on the different tools developed. The process includes eight steps going from the identification of a critical situation needing agility, to the validation of the actions to put in place to improve the agility of the supply chain facing it. Various theoretical and real cases studies are presented in the manuscript allowing to illustrate models and tools developed in this work
Ayotte, Marylène. "La métaphorisation du changement par les gestionnaires intermédiaires en situation de changement radical". Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17416.
Coulombe, Sandra. "Processus et stratégies d'apprentissage en situation de travail émergeant d'une communauté de pratique". Thèse, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1278/1/D1680.pdf.
VILLAREN, Thomas. "Modèles et mécanismes d'adaptation de l'interaction Homme-Machine aux changements de contexte". Phd thesis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00789551.
Droui, Mohamed. "L’impact d’une simulation sur des dispositifs mobiles et en situation de collaboration sur la compréhension de l’effet photoélectrique au niveau collégial". Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9725.
The educational innovation itself is sometimes debatable but it is justified when the teachers confront the learning difficulties of their students. In particular, some notions of physics are notoriously hard for students to understand, as is the case for the photoelectric effect which is not often comprehended by the students at the college level. This research tries to determine if, as part of a physics course, the simulation of the photoelectric effect and the use of mobile devices in collaborative situations facilitate an evolution of the student’s conceptions about the concept of light. We have proceeded to develop a scenario of collaborative learning by integrating a simulation of the photoelectric effect on handheld devices (Pocket PC). The design of scenario was first influenced by our socioconstructivist vision of learning. We conducted two preliminary studies to complete our scenario of learning and to validate the platform « MobileSim » and the interface of the simulator used in our experiment. The first studies were completed with a simulation on computers and the second with a simulation on Pocket PC. After that, we carried out the experimentation with two groups of students. The control group was assigned to the traditional approach of teaching and the experimental group was assigned to the approach based on the developed scenario of collaborative learning. We have conducted a test twice to assess a conceptual change about the nature of light and about the phenomenon of the photoelectric effect and related concepts. The first test (pre-test) before the students are involved in the course and the second (post-test) after completion of experiments. Our results in the pre-test and post-test were completed by conducting semi-structured individual interviews with all students, by video recordings and recovered traces (on log files or on paper). Students in the experimental group obtained good results in the test compared to those of the control group. We noted an average gain of learning qualified at a moderate level according to Hake (1998). Interview results were used to identify some conceptual difficulties of student learning. Analysis of collected data from video sequences, questionnaires and recovered tracks allowed us to better understand the process of collaborative learning and has revealed that the number and the time of interactions between students are strongly correlated with the gain of learning. At first, this research project is a success in the designing of a learning scenario of a phenomenon as complex as the photoelectric effect and respects many criteria (collaboration, simulation, mobile devices, etc.) that it seemed for us extremely utopian to combine them in an effective learning situation in the classroom. For instance, this scenario could be adapted to the learning of other concepts in physics. It could also be considered for the design of collaborative environments for innovative mobile learning focused on the needs of learners that integrate the technologies at the right time and for the right activity.