Tesi sul tema "Sites de hauteur"
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Edouard, Nadège. "DETERMINANTS DE L'UTILISATION DES RESSOURCES ALIMENTAIRES PAR LE CHEVAL : INFLUENCE DE LA QUALITE ET DE LA HAUTEUR DE LA VEGETATION SUR L'INGESTION ET LES CHOIX DE SITES D'ALIMENTATION". Phd thesis, Université de Limoges, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00365057.
A partir de l'analyse de données individuelles d'ingestion mesurées à l'auge pour une large gamme de fourrages, nous avons montré que les chevaux pouvaient compenser dans une certaine mesure une faible valeur nutritive du fourrage par une augmentation du niveau d'ingestion. Tous les individus n'ont pourtant pas exprimé la même réponse face à la diminution de la qualité de leur ressource. A partir de deux expériences conduites au pâturage, nous avons montré que lorsque les chevaux avaient le choix d'ajuster leur temps d'alimentation entre deux couverts variant uniquement en hauteur, ou simultanément en hauteur et en qualité, ils pouvaient maintenir un niveau d'ingestion de MSD relativement constant. Bien que la vitesse d'ingestion instantanée de MS digestible ait été plus élevée sur les couverts les plus accessibles, la déplétion des couverts au cours de la journée a probablement nivelé les vitesses d'ingestion moyennes réalisées sur l'ensemble des couverts, ce qui pourrait expliquer, au moins en partie, la constance des quantités ingérées journalières de MS digestible. Les résultats obtenus au pâturage et à l'auge s'inscrivent dans une relation générale montrant que lorsque la concentration en énergie et en azote de la ressource diminue, les chevaux peuvent maintenir leur niveau d'ingestion de façon à couvrir leurs besoins alimentaires.
En situation de choix binaire entre des sites d'alimentation dont la qualité était proche, les chevaux ont pâturé préférentiellement les couverts les plus hauts sur lesquels ils ont maximisé leurs vitesse d'ingestion de MS et de MS digestible (en accord avec les théories d'optimisation). À mesure que le couvert le plus haut est devenu mature, et donc que le compromis entre la qualité et la hauteur de la ressource est devenu important, les chevaux ont reporté leur temps d'alimentation sur les couverts les plus courts de meilleure qualité, bien que la vitesse d'ingestion de MS digestible soit restée plus élevée sur le couvert le plus haut. Nous avons montré que ce comportement est en relation avec la nécessité de satisfaire les besoins azotés, le choix des sites sélectionnés par les animaux pouvant s'expliquer par la vitesse d'ingestion instantanée de matières azotées digestibles permise par les couverts végétaux. Au cours de la journée, les chevaux n'ont pour autant pas exprimé des choix strictement optimaux, ne pâturant pas exclusivement le couvert le plus profitable. Dans l'étude où hauteur et qualité de l'herbe ont varié simultanément, le partage du temps d'alimentation entre les différents sites a probablement permis d'équilibrer leur régime sur la base de l'azote et de l'énergie.
Par la modulation de leur temps de pâturage sur les différents sites d'alimentation, les chevaux ont été capables d'adapter leur comportement à l'hétérogénéité de leur environnement, afin de maintenir un régime de bonne qualité et de satisfaire leurs besoins nutritionnels. Quelques perspectives de recherche sont proposées afin d'aboutir à des recommandations en terme de gestion de l'alimentation de ces herbivores et des prairies pâturées. Enfin, nous concluons sur la contribution de cette thèse à la compréhension des relations entre grands herbivores et ressources végétales.
Lefebvre, Claude. "Oppida helvica : occupation et organisation spatiale des sites fortifiés de hauteur du plateau de Jastres (Ardèche) de la fin de l'âge de fer au début de notre ère". Nancy 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN21018.
Edouard, Nadège. "Déterminants de l'utilisation des ressources alimentaires par le cheval : influence de la qualité et de la hauteur de la végétation sur l'ingestion et les choix de sites d'alimentation". Limoges, 2008. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/0d889e92-6980-4085-bb0e-c296b6818a44/blobholder:0/2008LIMO310J.pdf.
The characteristics of resources are important determinants of intake and patch selection by herbivores, whatever the time scale considered. In this thesis we have used horses to explore the adaptations of a large herbivore faced with variations in their resource quantity and/or quality, using an experimental approach. From the meta-analysis of individual measures of intake on a large range of hay quality, we have shown that the horses were able to compensate for the low nutritional value of their food by eating more. However, the animals expressed different responses to a decrease in forage quality and we discuss this individual variability in terms of behavioural strategies. In choice situations at pasture, when the animals could adjust their feeding behaviour between alternative patches differing in height only or in height and quality simultaneously, intake levels were maintained (13gDDM/kgLW/day), whatever the amount of grass offered. Instantaneous intake rates increased with grass height but the average daily intake rates achieved on the different swards types on a daily basis were constant, perhaps because depletion over the day levelled the instantaneous intake rates. From both studies at trough and at pasture, the horses were able to maintain their intake levels when energy and nitrogen content of the resource declined in order to satisfy their nutritional requirements. In a choice situation between feeding patches that did not differ much in quality, the horses selected the taller swards where they achieved higher DM and digestible DM intake rates (as predicted by optimal foraging theory). When the preferred sward matured, and a trade-off between sward height and quality was deepened, the horses increased their feeding time on the shorter good quality alternative, even though digestible DM intake rates were still higher on the reproductive sward. We demonstrate that, in both studies at pasture, the maximisation of their digestible crude protein intake rate explains the selection of their feeding sites. As protein supplies on the mature swards became limiting, the animals favoured the quality of their diet and selected the patches that met their nutritional requirements. The horses expressed partial preferences leading to sub-optimal choices: they did not graze the most profitable sward only. They may have done so to re-evaluate sward value regularly, as nutrient intake rate varies due to depletion by the animals. In the last study at pasture, when grass height and quality differed simultaneously, the sward maximising protein content was not the one that maximised energy content, and we propose that by feeding on both sward types they probably balanced their protein and energy intake. By modulating their feeding time between the different feeding sites, the horses adapted their behaviour to the heterogeneity of their environment and achieved a high-quality, balanced diet that met their nutritional requirements. Some prospects for further research are proposed in order to improve the management of horses and their pastures. Finally, the contributions of this work to the understanding of the relationships between large herbivores and their resources are discussed
Roux, Caroline. "Portails romans de Haute-Auvergne : études de sites /". [Aurillac] (rue Arsène-Vermenouze, 15000) : Société des lettres, sceinces et arts La Haute-Auvergne, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399210584.
Auxerre-Géron, Florie-Anne. "L'Homme et la moyenne montagne durant la Protohistoire dans le Massif central : enquête en Haute-Auvergne et Limousin". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2017. http://dante.univ-tlse2.fr/id/eprint/13785.
The Haute Auvergne, located in Cantal, and Limousin Mountains across North of Corrèze, South of Creuse and far east of Haute Vienne, represent the study area on which this research was conducted. These are medium sized mountain territories, which represent real conservatories for all period installations, notably for Protohistory. This study area is therefore a real laboratory allowing statistic and spatial approaches. Furthermore, these territories offer numerous wetlands and bogs by which paleo-environmental data are made available. Thus, these supplements the information provided by the metallic artefacts originated from non-funeral depositories or isolated discoveries, by the settlements, notably by the hillforts, but also by the funeral domain, well represented through the good conservation of barrows cemeteries. This research has a thematic approach on these many data, for the Bronze Age but also for the Iron Ages, to apprehend the question of the occupation of these special topographic contexts on the long term, the Man/environment Interaction, and the connections between high grounds and lower areas. We here offer an essay on protohistoric geography that will lead to discussions and new research perspectives
Tayeb, Mahmoud el. "Genesis of the Makurian culture in the light of archaeological sources /". Lille : Université Charles de Gaulle-Lille 3, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb389515836.
Koch, Jacky. "L'art de bâtir dans les châteaux forts en Alsace ( Xe-XIIIe siècle)". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0138/document.
From the end of the Hungarian invasions, in the second third of the 10th Century, until 1300, a growing number of private fortifications was built in Alsace. This phenomenon was represented by dozens of castles, ruins of which punctuate from North to South the eastern side of the Vosges Mountains and stirred up the curiosity of many archaeologists for more than one century. The history of their construction, or "art of building", considered as secondary for a long time, improved thanks to the archaeological studies of elevations. These researches enable to show information relating to the organisation of a building-yard and the management of materials, thanks to the documentation of the different stages of building. The Vosges massif being divided into a sandstone part in the North and a granite part in the South, geological or chemical studies open new fields of knowledge (composition of mortars, stone selection for the facing of wall...). Built upon a well visible summit, the castle gathered the functions of private residence and public defence, so its walls were designed to fit military and residential requirements at best
Szitkar, Florent. "Signature magnétique des sites hydrothermaux dans différents environnements : contributions des données de haute résolution". Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GLOB0005.
Houllier, Régis. "Vidéoprojecteur laser haute définition monochrome". Valenciennes, 1987. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/5a2c087e-4de3-44ce-98fe-b0007cd5e5bd.
Kastelik, Jean-Claude. "Videoprojecteur laser haute définition couleur". Valenciennes, 1989. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/5efe1b04-e3b8-4967-be2b-9bdb0421de93.
Gressent, Frédéric. "Caracterisation de sites de liaison de haute affinite pour les lipo-chitooligosaccharides chez les legumineuses". Toulouse 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU30028.
Soheili, Majd Maryam. "Classification d'images RSO polarimétriques à haute résolution spatiale sur site urbain". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CNAM0927/document.
In this research, our aim is to assess the potential of a one single look high spatial resolution polarimetric radar image for the classification of urban areas. For that purpose, we concentrate on classes corresponding to different kinds of roofs, objects and ground surfaces.At first, we propose a uni-variate statistical analysis of polarimetric and texture attributes, that can be used in a classification algorithm. We perform a statistical analysis of descriptors and show that the Fisher distribution is suitable for most of them. We then propose a modification of the maximum likelihood algorithm based on a Fisher distribution; we train it with all of our attributes. We obtain a significant improvement in our results with the new algorithm, but a limitation appears to recognize some roofs.Then, the shape of rectangular buildings is recognized by morphological operations from the image of radar amplitude. This spatial information is introduced in a Fisher-based classification process as a constraint term and we show that classification results are improved. In particular, it overcomes classification ambiguities between flat roof pixels and tree pixels.In a second step, some well-known algorithms for supervised classification are used. We deal with Maximum Likelihood based on complex Gaussian distribution (uni-variate) and multivariate Complex Gaussian using coherency matrix. Meanwhile, the support vector machine, as a nonparametric method, is used as classification algorithm. Moreover, a feature selection based on Genetic Algorithm using Mutual Information (GA-MI) is adapted to introduce optimal subset to classification method. To illustrate the efficiency of subset selection based on GA-MI, we perform a comparison experiment of optimal subset with different target decompositions based on different scattering mechanisms, including the Pauli, Krogager, Freeman, Yamaguchi, Barnes, Holm, Huynen and the Cloude decompositions. Our experiments are based on an image of a suburban area, acquired by the airborne RAMSES SAR sensor of ONERA, in 2006, with a spatial spacing of 35 cm. The results highlight the potential of such data to discriminate some urban land cover types
Le, Brun Benoît. "Effets de site : étude expérimentale et simulation de trois configurations". Grenoble 1, 1997. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00709847.
Barbet, Pascal. "Approche taphonomique du site, pliocène terminal, de Chilhac (Haute-Loire, France) et, étude paléontologique des Cervidae". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MNHN0023.
The Cervidae of the Chilhac fauna (Haute-Loire, France) ,late pliocene, are represented by 3 genus. The NRt is 542. The NMI is 48 for the Eucladoceros ctenoïdes , 12 for Cervus philisi and, 2 for Croizetoceros ramosus. The Eucladoceros ctenoïdes shows a catastrophic-type pattern (died during Autumn !) and rather a attritional-type for Cervus philisi. The action of the Carnivores is modest. The weathering and abrasion shows a transport very little important. The study of fracture-plans shows a special context for fossiliferous deposits. The burying of the remains has been fast and the anthropic action is absent. The open-spaced paleo-environment is composed of meadows, interrupted by areas planted with trees where species having a mixed diet and the browsers dominate according to the results obtained by microwear method
Bosselin, Bruno. "Les industries lithiques du protomagdalénien à partir des données du site du Blot à Cerzat (Haute-Loire)". Besançon, 1992. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01148349.
After a first part concerning the methodology used in this study (typology, quantitative methods), the second part recall the data from the regional, chronological and archaeological background. The third part presents the results of the study of the protomagdalenian of le blot : site description, stratigraphy, origin of the material, lithic industry study, typological characters and finally spatial analysis of a prehistoric habitation. The last part will put back these data in the background of the protomadgalenian : typological comparison, backed bladelets technical study, research of the burin fabrication and finally attribute characterisation of the "protomagdalenian retouch"
Deblock, Yves. "Caractérisation ultrasonore haute fréquence des propriétés viscoélastiques de milieux liquides". Valenciennes, 1997. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/d2e436b7-2cfd-4b8b-9ff8-9e725f939e0a.
Delacourt, Eric. "Caractérisation expérimentale des jets d'injection diesel à très hautes pressions (2500 bar)". Valenciennes, 2003. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/fb73ca86-257a-4604-b59f-85444a9552d9.
Thesis work has permitted to obtain, experimentally, the geometric features of Diesel free sprays for injection pressures not unreached so far (2500 bar). Those features have been obtained thanks to a specific test bench and via a picture processing software development. They have enabled us to evaluate the influence of such pressure on pulverization quality. This study has permitted to enlarge , for higher pressure, the application field of laws already suggested by somes authors. It has also enabled us to obtain new temporal evolution laws able to inform phenomenologic combustion models. Nevertheless, an energizing study of pressure generation has shown that we should be very cautious as to the interest of the injection pressure increase
Teffo-Bertaud, Frédérique. "Ozonation des lignines et des matériaux lignocellulosiques : étude qualitative et quantitative des sites précurseurs d'aldéhydes aromatiques". Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2272.
Souffi, Bénédicte. "Le mésolithique de Haute-Normandie : l'exemple du site d'Acquigny "l'Onglais" (Eure) : contribution à l'étude des gisements mésolithiques de plein-air". Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010527.
Khan, Mohammad Nasim. "Thor Nord, Helor Das Ouest, Helor Das Est (Publication de trois sites archéologiques de la haute vallée de l'Indus)". Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030140.
The aim of this thesis is the study of rock-carvings (drawings and inscriptions) of three archaeological sites of the upper indus, northern pakistan : thor north, helor das west and helor das east. Its first part is a general introduction of the upper undus valley, a study of ancient routes by which this region have to be joined, a brief introduction of chilas region (geographical and administrative position, climate, resources) and the whole sites of this region, the method of work adopted for this thesis, and the definitions of some listed words which appeared throughout this research. The second part is an integral study of the three sites (thor north, helor das west, helor das east) : introduction, study of rock-carvings site by site and boulder by boulder of all the inscriptions (reading, translation, commentary, dating) and drawings and their identifications. The third part consists of two sub-parts : a general commentary of all of the rock-carvings which are classified under different topics, followed by a general conclusion about the identification of engravers : why, when and by whom these carvings were engraved; added with some list and index at the end. The second volume consists in two parts : a series of some drawings of carving and a complete list of photos of all stones, except few ones, of these sites
Chaussade, Marc. "Étude par RMN à haute résolution en solide de modèles synthétiques des sites actifs des protéines à {4Fe-4S}". Grenoble 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10139.
Manjakahery, Barthélémy. "Le site d'Erimoho dans l'histoire des hautes vallées de la Menakompy (centre-sud de Madagascar)". Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010619.
In his historal research in the south-centre of Madagascar, Barthelemy Manjakahery meets at sources problem. The author uses not only written sources, but also archaeological approach and oral tradition. His study concerns erimoho site which is considered in the past of menakompy high valleys. These work results are developed about six main themes. The first chapter presents natural environment of the studied region and other subjects like local administrative division or analysis of disposable sources for the regional history. The second chapter gives us spatial organisation in erimoho site. The stone-walled enclosures are associated with the cattle. For the vegetal species, symbolic or therapeutic functions are also studied in this part. The third chapter concerns the archaeological method in which the importance of pedology is shown in the cattle site study. In XVIIIe/XIXe centuries, Erimoho has an important place in the context of ancient cattle raid. These facts are analysed in the fourth chapter. The last, different populations are passed in the region. The colonisation overturns local population life involving Erimoho decline
Thiam, Djibril. "Approche techno-économique des industries lithiques des grottes de la Terrasse, de Coupe-Gorge, de la Niche, Boule et des Putois, à Montmaurin (Haute- Garonne), France et potentiel d'application sur quelques sites sénégalais". Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0039.
The huge karstic network of Montmaurin is located at the western end of the chain of the Petites Pyrenées, and contained several caves. There are only eight caves that have escaped the exploitation of quarrymen. Despite the dispersion of the collections, the lithic industry of the L. Meroc and R. Cammas' excavations in the Montmaurin caves benefited from an inventory and the study of the Acheulean and Mousterian collections.The techno-typological and petro-archaeological study conducted during this research shows the specificities inherent to the Montmaurin caves. The characteristics of what we propose to call "the Montmaurin complex" have a specificity in the Pyrenean foothills. This "complex" has a typological and technological unity. The lithological procession is composed of pebbles quartzite lydian quartz. that come from the tributaries of the Garonne and pre-Pyrenean flint. The acquisition territories of mineral resources are more or less vast, from a hundred meters to about 80 kilometers. We applied this method to Senegalese sites yielded significant results: local supply of raw material with a use of pebbles, a differential of the raw material, change in the choice, oriented towards siliceous rocks, abandonment of macro-tools and diversification. These results allow us to propose the application to Acheulean sites in Senegal and widely in West Africa, for establishing a new reference sequence in West Africa from Early Stone Age to Later Stone Age
Derouiche, Ziane. "Caractérisation des milieux hétérogènes par traitement du signal ultrasonore haute fréquence rétrodiffusé". Valenciennes, 1994. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/0953f68f-a6e3-4aeb-8bf3-8a70b23ca2d6.
Zegaoui, Malek. "Commutateurs électro-optiques à haute diaphotie sur InP". Lille 1, 2005. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/c6f05795-2fb1-4870-b629-d2872ae2204f.
Le, Dorlot Emmanuelle. "Pour une approche géographique de la gestion des déchets ménagers : les rapports État/collectivités locales dans le département des Hautes-Pyrénées". Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010611.
The historical background to domestic waste does not begin with the consumer society but with man. At all times, this wast has posed many problems. Nowadays, these problems increased with the raise in tonnage, mass, toxicity, material complexity. . . The domestic waste issue being difficult to ignore, the state adopted a policy over 2 decades now to reduce the environmental threat linked to waste. However, despite new objectives meant in theory to resolve the problem, the issue is still in deadlock and there is a clear divide between state policy and local council policy, wich is increasing and widening. The mayors barely enforce the laws. Beyond, this self-evident divide, clearly shown through my research of local community politics in the departemental sector of hautes-pyrenees, the purpose of my study was intented to underline, understand this split (analysis of some constraints : space, distance, behaviour, cost,. . . ) And to offer some policy leads (growing public awareness, growth of recovery and recycling, growth of environmentaly friendly products) to reduce it
Pons-Branchu, Edwidge. "Datation haute résolution de spéléothèmes (230 Th/234 U et 226 Ra/238 U) : application aux reconstitutions environnementales autour des sites du Gard et du Meuse/Haute Marne". Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30094.
We have investigated the Gard and the eastern Paris basin environmental reconstruction by using U-series dating of speleothems. The first aim of this study was to validate the high resolution U-series dating of small size samples over the recent period (0- 10 kyr) for which this method is of difficult use. For this period, we also have tested the 226 Ra dating techniques for the U/Th dated speleothem. For the whole period on which U/Th is valid, several correction methods were compared in order to take into account bias due to detrital material within these impure carbonates. These methodological investigations enabled to investigate several research axes. We discussed the origin of speleothems breaking from a Gard cave. Speleothem U/Th dating has been used for a chronological scale for the Eastern Paris basin karstification. We have shown the importance of the presence and the erosion of a non carbonated cover overlying the karstified limestone on the speleothem uranium composition. .
Fievet, Vincent. "Optimisation des performances d'un vidéoprojecteur laser haute définition mise au point d'un prototype". Valenciennes, 1992. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/785a8adf-a8b0-4959-965f-bbe02375b772.
Sandid, Mohamed Habib. "Contribution à l'étude des aéroréfrigérants : comportement des tubes à ailettes à haute température". Valenciennes, 1987. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/25a3d1c4-6ca4-4edb-b0f4-1e509e6f0c38.
Assaad, Jamal. "Modélisation des transducteurs piézoélectriques haute fréquence à l'aide de la méthode des éléments finis". Valenciennes, 1992. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/daff1271-db25-4894-82dd-828d666c589c.
Lefebvre, Fabrice. "Comptage de particules par ultrasons haute fréquence focalisés : application au génie biologique et medical". Valenciennes, 1993. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/0ce3f589-0e8b-4dbf-a5d3-24021c541d29.
Liebaert, Philippe. "Etude de la forgeabilité des aciers à haute température : mise en oeuvre d'essais de criquabilité". Valenciennes, 1991. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/91ceec35-dd8b-40dd-85f0-c5e0c2f054ae.
Buchez, Nathalie. "Chronologie et transformations structurelles de l'habitat au cours du prédynastique : apports des mobiliers céramiques funéraires et domestiques du site d'Adaïma (Haute-Egypte)". Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0172.
During the Fourth Millenium BC, or Predynastic period, society in Egypt evolved swiftly, yet gradually, from the neolithic type to a hierarchical, state orientated one, the process having sped up by the end of the Millenium. At the background of thèse changes, climate is evolving, towards hyperaridity. The Adaïma site (Upper Egypt), which was occupied for the larger part of the Millenium, as well as during the first dynasties, gives us the opportunity to study the socio-economic and cultural évolutions characteristic of this period. First, the chronological setting must be defined thanks to the study of the large amounts of ceramic fiirniture available from domestic as well as funerary sources, and the features represented must be specified, as well as the guidelines of the morpho-stylistic évolution. Secondly, a topochronological analysis, which will take into account the différent means, among which « biais taphonomiques », will allow the understanding of the structural évolution of the seulement and its necropolis. The main facts of the local évolution will, finally, be put into perspective with the climatic and historical processes of the Fourth Millenium, leading to a reintepretation of certain sites
Laden, Karl. "Développement de disques de frein à haute conductivité thermique : application aux matériaux composites à matrice aluminium". Valenciennes, 1999. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/cece2c48-3afb-4e84-9cba-a25799cbd484.
The use of light materials is more and more frequent in the field of railway transportation and braking devices are foremost in this respect because of the interest in reducing non suspended masses. Research aimed to optimising a “disc/pad” couple has essentially relied on tribological characterisations, and in particular on material transfers and on wear and damage process. Two designs have been considered for the reduced scale discs : the multimaterials discs with a coating or a molybdenum flask and the aluminium matrix composite integral discs. Various friction materials have been tested through short-length continuous braking tests of (120s) and through endurance braking tests (1200s). The composite materials are produced using the liquid method, and more particulary the vortex method. SiC particles are incorporated by mechanical mixing in an aluminium bath heated to semi-liquid state; the manipulation is carried out under a neutral gas called argon in order to avoid the material oxydation. The production parameters and the design of the mould have been optimised in order to obtain a good repartition of the reinforcement and to control porosity as well as cracks. A molybdenum coating sprayed on aluminium-based disc has been found to be unworkable since the strong difference between the thermal expansion coefficients of molybdenum and aluminium induces disbonding and crazing of the coating. The design of a solid molybdenum friction disc clamped on aluminium alloy stand disc seems more realistic and in that case, two pads – organic and ceramic – have drawn our attention. This disc seems to be particulary adapted to emergency braking. The “aluminium titanate pad / CuBe 1. 9 disc” brake system has shown remarkable tribologic performances but the use of this CuBe 1. 9 alloy seems very problematic for reasons of hygiene and health, berrylium being carcinogenic. As regards the composite materials, the effect of the type of matrix (AG3 and AS18UNG), the properties of the SiC reinforcement (12 µm, 75 µm, angular, spherical ) and its volume fraction (0, 4, 8, 10 % ) have been studied. The AS18UNG matrix composite brake discs reinforced with 10% of SiC, coupled with an organic pad, have been particulary interesting with low wear rates, good stability and a good level of the friction coefficient. Compared to the classical “organic pad / steel disc” brake system, this conception leads to a notable lightening of the disc without penalising the tribological performances, in particular under spraying
Cugnet, Boris. "Caractérisation et modélisation des antennes acoustiques haute fréquence à l'aide de la méthode des éléments finis". Valenciennes, 2002. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/cbd0ee1e-43f6-45fe-925f-f24dd7481846.
The aim of this work is to create effective tools to design medical transducer arrays with the help of finite element codes ATILA and EQI. First of all, a tridimensional model has been developped which enables harmonic analysis of a piezoelectric structure radiating into water. This 3D model enables numerical modelling of 2D transducer arrays made of piezocomposite materials. Secondly, a numerical study has been performed, using a 2D model (ATILA, plane strain approximation), which measures the influence of a matching layer and a backing on the behavior of a transducer bar. A choice criterion of the matching material has been found guaranteing no harmonic coupled modes in the bandwidth of the transducer. Thirdly, a solution to the problem of element cross-coupling is proposed and numerically tested using a simple five elements linear array
Annereau-Fulbert, Marie. "Les unités de regroupement intermédiaires dans les sites mayas des hautes terres au postclassique récent : la notion de quartier dans la perspective d'une ethnographie historique". Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010675.
El, Abbadi Abdelilah. "Développement de méthodes de mesure des transferts convectifs par thermographie infrarouge : application aux ailettes d'échangeurs à hautes performances". Valenciennes, 2006. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1e108508-defe-4dbb-bc55-cf5ec4fdea4f.
The study presented in this memory concern the measurement and the improvement of the convective heat transfer in finned tubes heat exchangers. For the measurement of convective heat transfer coefficient, two techniques are developed: A transient method that calculate local heat transfer coefficient on the surface of slightly heat conducting fins at constant temperature. And an inverse method with a second-order regularization to calculate this coefficient on fins by taking account of side conduction in these last one. The two methods require the use of temperature fields that we measure using an infrared thermography system. These techniques were then applied to the characterization of the fins of heat exchanger. They also allowed the study of high efficiency thermal fins. The increase of heat transfer on the surface of the latter ones is obtained by the addition of vortex generators
Herledant, Olivier. "Etude numérique et expérimentale de la micro-météorologie des sites de régates côtières appliquée à la baie de Quiberon". Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00980030.
This work is a part of a research program aiming todevelop tools allowing to optimize the tactical decision process during onshore sailing races in complex micrometeorological situations. Our goal is to enhance the knowledge ofthe windshifts in coastal racecourses. A study of the Quiberon bay micrometeorology has been set up, including measurements and numerical simulations. Several meteorological situations have been encountered during the “Quiberon2006” measurement campaign that was carried out from June 16-29, 2006. The analysis of the measurement data, based on a synoptic wind quadrant classification, shows how the breeze behavior is influenced by the wind gradient. High resolution large eddy simulations (1 km to 100m horizontal meshes) have been performed with the “ARPS” atmospheric numerical model to put in light the influence of a complex coastline (including a peninsula) on the local winds. The local topography and land use have been finely modelled using the Corine LandCover European database. Lateral boundary conditions for the regional scale simulations were generated using the WRF model. The measurement results are compared to numerical results in view of validating the ability of the numerical models to simulate coastal micrometeorological phenomena in a complex topographical situation. High-resolution numerical simulations provide a quantification of some local small-scale coastal effects at small-scale that would hardly be seen in measurements
Zhang, Jin-Ying. "Réseaux de transducteurs haute fréquence (100-300 MHz) à déphasage réalisés à partir des technologies MEMS". Valenciennes, 2011. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/362e3a56-5d65-484d-b2fe-6dd9b89b5b2d.
High-frequency ultrasonic phased array transducer is a desired candidate in real-time and high resolution imaging. Many difficulties will arise in the development of array imaging systems with an operating frequency of above 100 MHz : high-frequency phase-delay system, electrical matching problem, mechanical matching problem, and fabrication of high-frequency array transducers which play a critical role in ultrasonic phased array imaging systems. This dissertation focuses on mainly two aspects : the finite element numerical simulations in the optimized design and the fabrication using micro electromechanical system (MEMS) technologies. In the section of numerical studies, a commercial finite element tool, COMSOL3. 5a, is employed. In piezoelectric backing array transducers, the effects of pitch size, kerf filler and kerf depth on the acoustic field, electrical impedance and crosstalk are investigated. Systematic simulations are carried out for a designed buffered transducer array. In the section of experimental fabrication and characterization, MEMS based technologies are applied to obtain high-frequency array elements. Single crystal LiNbO3arrays are made using ICP RIE technique. Two kinds of ZnO arrays are kerfed using wet chemical etching technique and micromachining silicon substrate, respectively. All of these arrays are characterized by Network Analyzer. The measured electrical impedance and crosstalk are consistent with the theoretical predictions
Giannesini, Sophie. "Géochimie isotopique couplée des eaux des formations argileuses et calcaires du site Andra de Meuse/Haute-Marne". Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00204775.
Les eaux porales des argilites s'avèrent être d'origine météorique, ce qui signifie que les eaux marines originellement présentes ont été envahies par des eaux météoriques, probablement par diffusion. Les eaux des deux formations calcaires encadrant les argilites présentent des signatures géochimiques distinctes, révélant le rôle d'écran joué par la couche imperméable des argilites.
Souffi, Bénédicte. "Le mésolithique en Haute-Normandie (France) : l'exemple du site d'Acquigny "l'Onglais" (Eure) et sa contribution à l'étude des gisements mésolithiques de plein air /". Oxford : Archaeopress, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39930769p.
Martinet, Gilles. "Grès et mortiers du temple d'Amon à Karnak, Haute-Egypte : étude des altérations, aide à la restauration". Tours, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOUR4001.
Ouerdane, Laurent. "Etude des mécanismes de l'hyperaccumulation des métaux lourds par les plantes en vue de leur application à la phytoremédiation ddes sites pollués". Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU3024.
The work presented in this thesis deals with the development of an analytical strategy in order to understand, by the identification of the metal species, the metabolic mechanisms allowing some plants to accumulate very high amounts of heavy metals usually toxic at these concentrations. The analysis method of metal compounds is based on the coupling of separation techniques with two kinds of detector : an atomic mass spectrometer, ICP MS, used for elementary analysis of fractions after chromatography and molecular mass spectrometers, the electrospray tandem mass spectrometers (ESI Qqq MS or ESI QqTOF MS), used for the identification of the isolated metal complexes. Appropriate chromatographic techniques, especially the bidimensional one se/hilic (size exclusion/hydrophilic interaction), allowed the purification and the identification of the metal complexes present in the studied plants
Guérette, Antoine. "Le quartzite à mica de la Haute-Côte-Nord : approche pétroarchéologique et technologique sur l'outillage lithique du site de Longue-Rive (DdEh-8), Haute Côte-Nord". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69581.
Archaeological excavations at the DdEh-8 site carried out by the Ministère du Transport du Québec in 2013 as part of the Longue-Rive municipality highway bypass project in the Upper North Shore region produced an artifact collection associated with a Meadowood occupation (3000 to 2400 AA). More than 80% of the artifacts recovered are derived from the production of tools from a micaceous quartzite specific to this region. Lithologic variability of this regional micaceous quartzite remains poorly understood and its origin unknown. This thesis seeks to clarify the nature of this raw material which is ubiquitous in lithic assemblages from North Shore archaeological sites. We analyze the lithological variability of this material within the assemblage recovered at the DdEh-8 site and propose a more precise characterization based on thin-section petrography. This micaceous quartzite appears to be the result of mylonitization through shear zone deformation. Four main varieties are described and their use in tool production is documented using detailed typo-morphological and technological analyses. This thesis examines the production of lithic bifaces at DdEh-8 in depth; bifacial tools are a particularly significant part of the collection due to the systematic production of Meadowood-style “quaternary preforms” at the site. The classification of bifaces by stage of reduction was undertaken with a continuum approach correlating bifacial margin length with flake removal scar frequency. It appears that the reduction of bifaces at DdEh-8 is not strictly phased in clear technological steps although the objective of this reduction is indeed focused on the production of quaternary preforms. Mica quartzite is a highly favoured raw material in this bifacial industry for reasons that appear to us to be both practical and ideological; this material is both suitable and widely available in the region, while white quartzites appear to have been preferred in general elsewhere in the Meadowood Interaction Sphere
Derelle, Michel. "Étude odontologique et essai de classification par denture d'une population de dents humaines provenant du site préhistorique de La Vergentière : commune de Cohons (Haute-Marne) /". Saint-Dizier (15 Av. Benoît-Frachon, 52100) : Centre d'études et de recherches de préhistoire haut-marnaise, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36665136z.
Cuccuru, Arnaud. "Modélisation unifiée des aspects répétitifs dans la conception conjointe logicielle/matérielle des systèmes sur puce à hautes performances". Lille 1, 2005. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/355fcdef-0c0f-4da4-b573-f54b41045ff4.
Watremez, Michel. "Caractérisations tribologique et thermomécanique de revêtements céramiques élaborés par projection thermique plasma : Application aux disques de freinage ferroviaire a haute énergie". Valenciennes, 1995. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/f255ae98-2dc8-4b8c-a98b-4443166ff1b3.
Jorand, Rachel. "Etude expérimentale de la conductivité thermique : application au forage EST 205 du site de Meuse/Haute Marne (ANDRA)". Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GLOB0013.
Giordano, Christophe. "Prédiction et optimisation des techniques pour l’observation à haute résolution angulaire et pour la future génération de très grands télescopes". Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4136/document.
With the next generation of extremely large telescope having mirror with a diameter larger than 30m, it becomes essential to reduce the cost of observations and to improve their scientific efficiency. Moreover it is fundamental to build these huge infrastructures in location having the best possible optical quality. The purpose of my thesis is to bring a solution easier and more economical than before. I used the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and the Trinquet-Vernin parametrization, which computes the values of the optical turbulence, to forecast a couple of hours in advance the evolution of the sky optical quality along the coming night. This information would improve the management of observation program, called "flexible scheduling", and thereby reduce losses due to the atmospheric variations. Our results and improvements allow the model us WRF-TV to have a good agreement between previsions and in-situ measurements in different sites, which is promising for a real use in an observatory. Beyond the flexible scheduling, we wanted to create a tool to improve the search for new sites or site testing for already existing sites. Therefore we defined a quality parameter which takes into account meteorological conditions (wind, humidity, precipitable water vapor) and optical conditions (seeing, coherence time, isoplanatic angle). This parameter has been tested above La Palma in Canary island showing that the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos is located close to the best possible location of the island. Finally we created an automated program to use WRF-TV model in order to have an operational tool working routinely
Herlédant, Olivier. "Etude numérique et expérimentale de la micro-météorologie des sites de régates côtières appliquée à la baie de Quiberon". Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00980030.