Tesi sul tema "Simulation procédurale"
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Peytavie, Adrien. "Génération procédurale de Monde". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841373.
Testo completoBouthors, Charlie. "Etude de pédagogie médicale sur la simulation procédurale en chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologique pour les étudiants en 2ème et 3ème cycle des études médicales". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASW001.
Testo completoProcedural simulation is expending in orthopaedic and trauma surgery (OT) but in France its implementation amongst residents has not yet been reported. To enhance procedural training for medical students implies development of new teaching methods and simulators.A national survey was conducted amongst academic teachers and residents in OT. Results showed maximal potential was not reached. Main reasons were lack of funding and time. Both teachers and residents acknowledged the advantages of simulation.The traditional method to teach a procedure implies a continuous and uninterrupted demonstration of the entire procedure to the learner who is then expected to replicate it. To deconstruct the procedure into several key steps showed sequentially (micro-task method) could enhance learning of technical skills. Amongst a population of medical students undergoing simulation training on below elbow cast, immediately after the training session students trained by micro-task method demonstrated higher performance than by traditional method according various grading scales. Six months after the training, performance was decreased and equal in both groups. The only independent factor linked to better performance was a rotation in OT. To be effective, simulation training requires repeated practice and bedside teaching.The development of a procedural simulator for below elbow cast application and removal could enhance this training. A real size upper limb was modelized and constructed through three-dimensional printing. To objectively monitor the operator's gesture, different captors (pression, fracture and wrist mobility, temperature, cast saw vibrations, cast saw skin touch) were integrated to the simulator. Participants with different levels of expertise (novices and experts) tested the simulator. Although realism was deemed satisfactory in both groups, it did not mimic human's aspect perfectly, notably the soft tissues. The simulator appropriately recorded the participants' gesture and seemed to differentiate different levels of expertise. Its pedagogical interest remains to be evaluated
Grosbellet, Francois. "Génération de détails dans les mondes procéduraux". Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0110/document.
Testo completoProcedural modeling of virtual worlds is an active research field in computer science. A large amount of methods have been published in this field : modeling of plants, trees, buildings, cities or terrains, and aging and weathering simulations. In this context, changes of appearance are a very active research field too, due to the way they impact the realism of produced virtual scenes. This research focuses on a procedural method that can represent the changes of appearance as geometrical decorations (snowfall, ice growth, leaves deposits, etc.) on very big scenes with a high level of details. We first propose a hierarchical scene design based on a construction tree whose leaves are environmental objects, a new kind of objects that generate their own geometrical decorations. We then present an implicit formalism to define the environment that contains all the information needed to guide decorations generation. Finally, we detail four procedural methods for generating the geometrical decorations (snow, ice, grass, leaves) of the environmental objects
Efremov, Semen. "Croissance paramétrée et bruit procédural pour la conception de métamatériaux mécaniques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0046.
Testo completoWith constant development of technologies, computational and manufacturing capabilities increase, production methods evolve, and new techniques appear. As a result, the need for new materials with tailored, optimized properties for different applications arises. Periodic composites with tailored microstructure topology, called cellular metamaterials are extensively studied in this context. These structures are known for their remarkable mechanical properties, including high strength, lower weight, and increased energy absorption. The use of these materials allows to achieve improved physical properties or specific functional features and provides economical gain and ecological benefit.This thesis is dedicated to the development and analysis of methods for computer-aided design of materials with tailored mechanical properties. The mechanical metamaterials were studied through two different approaches: modelling periodic structures through a parameterized growth model and procedural noise functions. To tackle the challenge of obtaining near-regular microstructures with progressively varying properties, I proposed and studied a cellular material spawned by a growth process. The growth is parameterized by a 3D star-shaped set at each lattice point, defining the geometry that will appear around it. Individual tiles may be computed and used in a periodic lattice, or a global structure may be produced under spatial gradations, changing the parametric star-shaped set at each lattice location. Beyond free spatial gradation, an important advantage of this approach is that elastic symmetries can be intrinsically enforced. It is shown in this work how shared symmetries between the lattice and the star-shaped set directly translate into symmetries of the periodic structures' elastic response. Thus, the approach enables restricting the symmetry of the elastic responses -- monoclinic, orthorhombic, trigonal, and so on -- while freely exploring a wide space of possible geometries and topologies. I provide a comprehensive study of the space of symmetries and broad combinations of growth process parameters. Furthermore, I demonstrate through numerical and experimental results the expected responses triggered by the obtained structures.The second contribution of this thesis is a novel procedural pattern synthesis technique. This approach exhibits desirable properties for modeling highly contrasted patterns, that are well suited to produce surface and microstructure details. This approach defines a stochastic smooth phase field –- a phasor noise –- that is then fed into a periodic function (e.g. a sine wave), producing an oscillating field with prescribed main frequencies and preserved contrast oscillations. I present in this thesis a mathematical model, that builds upon a reformulation of Gabor noise in terms of a phasor field that affords for a clear separation between local intensity and phase. In particular, I study the behavior of phasor noise in terms of its power spectrum. Hence, a comparative theoretical study of phasor noise was performed in order to gain understanding of links between its properties and parameters
Zhu, Wenhua. "3D modeling of city building and lifecycle simulation". Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2344/document.
Testo completoWith the construction and development of the smart city, how to construct the realistic 3D model of the large-scale city buildings quickly and efficiently which becomes the research hotspot. In this thesis, a novel 3D modeling approach is proposed to quickly and efficiently build 3D model of large-scale city buildings based on shape grammar and facade rule modeling. Building Information Model (BIM) is an important technical means to enhance the construction industry, for the city building design and construction, how to better research and application of BIM technology which is the key, in this thesis City Building Integrated Information Model (CBIIM) is specified to manage the information of building lifecycle effectively and realize the information sharing and exchanging. This thesis has studied the acquisition and processing of the modeling data. Google Earth and ArcGIS software are mainly used to acquire and process image-maps data and elevation-maps data of the target area, these two kinds of data match and overlay, which can generate 3D city terrain data with geographic location information. Then OpenStreetMap is used to acquire road data of the target area, and it can be optimal processed to the necessary road network by JOSM software. 3D laser scanning technology is used to collect building surface texture images and create the point clouds model of the target architecture modeling so as to get the modeling dimensions by measurement. On this basis, this thesis mainly has studied the principle and the process of CGA rule to create building models, and studied the method that can separate architectural elements using image segmentation to generate CGA rule automatically and to create building model furtherly. Thus 3D building models have been established in the CityEngine software using CGA rules and facade modeling technology. This thesis has specified the City Building Integrated Information Model (CBIIM) based on BIM. The city building information are classified and integrated, and the building and component was described with the IFC standard, in order to manage the informations of building lifecycle effectively. This thesis studies the integrated information association model technology, that it can realize standardized component design with associated features and intelligent building design with associated parameters in knowledge rules combined with IFC. The construction simulation technology is studied. The knowledge rules in the integrated information model provide a reliable reference for the construction simulation, and the simulation scene is created through the invoking the integrated information model, thus the construction simulation process is completed by the program. Taking Baoshan Campus of Shanghai University as an example, the modeling process of the whole scene is illustrated, and the modeling steps of all kinds of 3D objects are described in detail to solve the specific problems in the actual modeling process. Thus the feasibility and validity of the procedural intelligent modeling approach are verified. Taking the dormitory of Shanghai University as an example, a simulation scene and the simulation model were created by the integrated informations, combined with the relevant construction information the construction simulation was completed by the program. Thus the feasibility and validity of the CBIIM are verified
Cura, Rémi. "Inverse procedural Street Modelling : from interactive to automatic reconstruction". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1034/document.
Testo completoWorld urban population is growing fast, and so are cities, inducing an urgent need for city planning and management.Increasing amounts of data are required as cities are becoming larger, "Smarter", and as more related applications necessitate those data (planning, virtual tourism, traffic simulation, etc.).Data related to cities then become larger and are integrated into more complex city model.Roads and streets are an essential part of the city, being the interface between public and private space, and between urban usages.Modelling streets (or street reconstruction) is difficult because streets can be very different from each other (in layout, functions, morphology) and contain widely varying urban features (furniture, markings, traffic signs), at different scales.In this thesis, we propose an automatic and semi-automatic framework to model and reconstruct streets using the inverse procedural modelling paradigm.The main guiding principle is to generate a procedural generic model and then to adapt it to reality using observations.In our framework, a "best guess" road model is first generated from very little information (road axis network and associated attributes), that is available in most of national databases.This road model is then fitted to observations by combining in-base interactive user edition (using common GIS software as graphical interface) with semi-automated optimisation.The optimisation approach adapts the road model so it fits observations of urban features extracted from diverse sensing data.Both street generation (StreetGen) and interactions happen in a database server, as well as the management of large amount of street Lidar data (sensing data) as the observations using a Point Cloud Server.We test our methods on the entire Paris city, whose streets are generated in a few minutes, can be edited interactively (<0.3 s) by several concurrent users.Automatic fitting (few m) shows promising results (average distance to ground truth reduced from 2.0 m to 0.5m).In the future, this method could be mixed with others dedicated to reconstruction of buildings, vegetation, etc., so an affordable, precise, and up to date City model can be obtained quickly and semi-automatically.This will also allow to such models to be used in other application areas.Indeed, the possibility to have common, more generic, city models is an important challenge given the cost an complexity of their construction
Abdul, Karim Ahmad. "Procedural locomotion of multi-legged characters in complex dynamic environments : real-time applications". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10181/document.
Testo completoMulti-legged characters like quadrupeds, arachnids, reptiles, etc. are an essential part of any simulation and they greatly participate in making virtual worlds more life-like. These multi-legged characters should be capable of moving freely and in a believable way in order to convey a better immersive experience for the users. But these locomotion animations are quite rich due to the complexity of the navigated environments and the variety of the animated morphologies, gaits, body sizes and proportions, etc. Another challenge when modeling such animations arises from the lack of motion data inherent to either the difficulty to obtain them or the impossibility to capture them.This thesis addresses these challenges by presenting a system capable of procedurally generating locomotion animations fordozens of multi-legged characters in real-time and without anymotion data. Our system is quite generic thanks to the chosen Procedural-Based techniques and it is capable of animating different multi-legged morphologies. On top of that, the simulated characters have more freedom while moving, as we adapt the generated animations to the dynamic complex environments in real-time. Themain focus is plausible movements that are, at the same time,believable and fully controllable. This controllability is one of the forces of our system as it gives the user the possibility to control all aspects of the generated animation thus producing the needed style of locomotion
Rougier, Nicolas P. "Modèles de mémoires pour la navigation autonome". Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00602997.
Testo completoMichau, Alexandre. "Dépôts chimiques en phase vapeur de revêtements à base de chrome sur surfaces complexes pour environnements extrêmes : expérimental et simulation". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0088/document.
Testo completoNuclear fuel cladding tubes resistance against high temperature oxidation during accident conditions is crucial because it means protecting the first containment barrier. This can be done by coating the inner wall of the cladding tube with CVD processes, which are most likely to do so. More specifically, we used DLI-MOCVD to grow chromium based (Cr(S), metallic crystalline chromium) and chromium carbides based (amorphous chromium carbides CrxCy, recycled CrxCy, silicon doped CrxSizCy) coatings, known for their good oxidation resistance. The coating process was optimized using numerical modelling to improve coatings performance. A reaction kinetics model of the deposition process of amorphous CrxCy coatings was adjusted and validated after the identification of the chemical mechanism. It was also shown that the liquid solution containing organometallic precursor (bis(arene)chromium) and solvent (toluene) could be directly recycled, thereby increasing the industrialization potential of such process. Physical, chemical and structural properties of coatings deposited with this process were characterized. A study of the coatings mechanical properties has also been undertaken. It shows that compared to related coatings grown with other processes, those deposited by DLI-MOCVD exhibit a particularly high hardness (up to 30 GPa), compressive residual stresses, good adhesion with the substrate and finally a different abrasive wear resistance depending on the temperature. The assessment of their oxidation resistance at 1200 °C revealed excellent performances of amorphous chromium carbides coatings, which can delay catastrophic oxidation up to two hours with only a 10 µm thickness. All the other coatings only increase the thermal resistance of zircaloy substrates
Marechal, Nicolas. "Génération de contenu graphique". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843000.
Testo completoChau, Stéphane. "Approximation et intersection des surfaces procédurales utilisées en C.A.O". Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00560289.
Testo completoCauseret, Maxime. "Peindre avec des matières dynamiques : les systèmes procéduraux pour la création et l'expérimentation artistique". Paris 8, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA083960.
Testo completoFor over twenty years, special effects in film drastically changed with the ever increasing tools dealing with digital images (image synthesis and image processing). The latter accurately simulate materials such as fire, smoke or even water. This study investigates the innovative potential of procedural techniques to paint with dynamic materials. Through creations and experiments, I created my own materials which I used and adapted to propose new graphics and narratives alternatives. Through the study of many film productions, I analyze how the state-of-the-art techniques work. Beyond physical and realistic simulations I provide the artists with adequate ways to play with these dynamic materials for any creative purpose. I propose new creations and experimentations following various research topics. Firstly, I investigate the portraits using dynamic materials to picture the face in motion. The point is to analyze the 3D scene and then to control the materials through interactions that follow dedicated workflows. Secondly, I study how these dynamics systems could be linked to music in order to produce novel creative choreographies. Following these studies, I attempt to paint the motion recorded from data acquisition using new analysis processes I proposed. Finally, I play freely with this procedural material setting it at the very heart of the process
Issoupov, Vitali. "Proposition d'une procédure pour la simulation de l'effet d'un environnement spatial d'orbite basse sur des matériaux composites". Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30074.
Testo completoStepurska, Kateryna. "Développement d'une procédure originale pour la multi-détection de composés toxiques utilisant des biocapteurs à base d'acétylcholinestérase". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1067/document.
Testo completoInvestigations reported in this manuscript are focused on the development of an original approach for the detection of several toxic compounds, mainly aflatoxins and organophosphorus pesticides, using acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-based inhibitory electrochemical biosensors. In a first step, a new potentiometric biosensor using pH Sensitive Field-Effect Transistors (pH-FETs) as transducers was investigated for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) determination and different elaboration and working parameters were optimized. The proposed biosensor was characterized by high operational stability and reproducibility of the signal during the work as well as during the storage. The biosensor was further evaluated for real samples analysis (wheat, sesame, walnuts and peas) and a mathematical simulation of the potentiometric biosensor response to aflatoxin B1 was proposed for the first time and validated. In a second step, a conductometric biosensor using interdigitated gold microelectrodes was developed. The sensitivity of the biosensor to aflatoxins and other classes of toxic substances, such as organophosphorus pesticides, heavy metals ions, glycoalkaloids, and surfactants, was determined. A new and original procedure, enabling the selective determination of multiclass toxins by applying successive reactivation solutions targeting either irreversible or reversible inhibitors, was finally proposed. Using this method, the electrochemical enzyme inhibitory biosensors could be applied to the analysis of aflatoxins and organophosphorus pesticides, as well as for the determination of total toxicity of the samples
Desjardins, Christian. "Simulation et étude en laboratoire de la floculation lestée, ACTIFLO, à l'aide d'une procédure modifiée de Jar test". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0019/MQ53568.pdf.
Testo completoPushparajalingam, Jegan Sutharsan. "Simulations expérimentale et numérique des phénomènes de ruissellement et d’atomisation lors d’une procédure de lavage à l’eau". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ESAE0005/document.
Testo completoThis work has been realised within a CIFRE contract with TOTAL. Its aim was to validate all the physical models used in a computation, which simulates an annular dispersed flow through a pipe used in a water washing process in refinery plants. That is why, a whole set of data has been gathered using experimental boundary conditions which are representative to those used in industrial configurations. The geometry is made of a horizontal pipe with a centred nozzle followed by a 90º elbow in the vertical plane. Several experimental boundary conditions enable one to study the influence of the gas velocity, the type of the spray injection and the pressure on the different physical phenomena. These results including spray and liquid film visualisations, droplets distribution and size measurements as well as liquid film thickness and mass flow measurements were analysed in order to extract the main interaction mechanism between the gas and the dispersed phase, the gas and the liquid film, and the dispersed phase and the annular liquid film. Meanwhile, simulations using a RANS approach were realized with the ONERA code named CEDRE and its results were compared to the gathered measurements
Nguyen-Duc, Minh. "Vers la conception participative de simulations sociales : application à la gestion du trafic aérien". Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066032.
Testo completoFarcy, Benjamin. "Analyse des mécanismes de destruction non-catalytique des Oxydes d’Azote (DeNOx) et application à la simulation aux grandes échelles (LES) d’un incinérateur". Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAM0004.
Testo completoTo guarantee the reduction of pollutant emissions, the analysis of the Selective Non Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) of Nitrous Oxides (NOx) and its application to an industrial incinerator is carried out by numerical simulation. First, a reduced kinetic scheme is proposed for SNCR with ammonia. The process is analysed to determine the key parameters, such as mixing and temperature fluctuations, acting on NOx reduction. Then, a downsizing procedure is developed to enable the simulation of the full size real system. Afterwards, Large Eddy Simulations (LES) of the incinerator are performed, including multicomponent evaporation, to appreciate the DeNOx efficiency. Optimization techniques are suggested and evaluated to strengthen the NOx reduction. Finally, a low order model of the incinerator response is proposed, thus enabling its use in an active process control loop
Charlette, Fabrice. "Simulation numérique de la combustion turbulente prémélangée par méthodes aux grandes échelles". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0861.
Testo completoBinard, Carole. "Estimation de fonctions de régression : sélection d'estimateurs ridge, étude de la procédure PLS1 et applications à la modélisation de la signature génique du cancer du poumon". Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE4015.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with the estimation of a regression function providing the best relationship betweenvariables for which we have some observations. In a first part, we complete a simulation study fortwo automatic selection methods of the ridge parameter. From a more theoretical point of view, wethen present and compare two selection methods of a multiparameter, that is used in an estimationprocedure of a regression function on [0,1]. In a second part, we study the quality of the PLS1estimator through its quadratic risk and, more precisely, the variance term in its bias/variancedecomposition. In a third part, a statistical study is carried out in order to explain the geneticsignature of cancer cells thanks to the genetic signatures of cellular subtypes which compose theassociated tumor stroma
Jund, Sébastien. "Méthodes d'éléments finis d'ordre élevé pour la simulation numérique de la propagation d'ondes". Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00188739.
Testo completoBen, Turkia Salma. "Etude expérimentale et numérique du comportement mécanique des matériaux granulaires : De la simulation discrète d'essais de laboratoire à la mise en place d'une procédure de calibration des paramètres d'entrée". Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MTLD0004.
Testo completoThe processing, transport, handling and storage of granular materials underlies the operations of numerous industries. Thus, reliably predicting the dynamics of granular materials is critical for successful process operation and sensible process optimization. Granular materials are complex systems that can display solid, liquid and gas phases that are often characterized by nonfrivolous transitions between static, quasi-static and dynamic states. Needless to say, the manifestation of segregation, arching and jamming can have dire consequences for manufacturers. Predicting the bulk behavior of granular media requires a good understanding of the dominant mechanisms involved at grain or particle level. It is therefore essential to numerically simulate at the grain or particle scale to accurately predict granular dynamics over all regimes. In the discrete element method (DEM) there are constitutive models that describe the material responses for different mechanical loading conditions. However, significant computational resources are required to simulate large number of particles often making bulk and industrial scale simulations intractable.In this study, we use the BlazeDEM3D-GPU simulation framework that uses GPU (Graphic Processing Unit) compute, allowing DEM simulations to be conducted tens to hundreds times faster. This tremendous increases in compute efficiency creates new opportunities in DEM to solve problems that previously were thought to be too computationally demanding. The usefulness and generality of the discrete element model strongly depends on the quality of the calibration process of the model. The process we proposed first conducts a virtual calibration of a bulk experiment that uses design of experiments, optimization and variation maps over the parameter domain to identify known optima in the virtual problem. This not only ensures a better match between the experimental and numerical model responses but also the uniqueness of the model parameters themselves. In particular, two distinct experimental and virtual calibration approaches are investigated to verify the generality of the calibrated DEM models for laboratory scale applications and future industrial applications
Moussaed, Carine. "Modèles variationnels dynamique et hybride pour la simulation numérique d'écoulements turbulents". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20130/document.
Testo completoThis work is a contribution to the numerical simulation of turbulent flows with the aim of industrial application. At first, we focus on a new combination "VMS-LES/dynamic procedure" for the simulation of flows around circular and square cylinders. The VMS-LES approach adopted in this work is original in using an averaging procedure over agglomerated finite volumes in order to separate the scales, the dynamic approach being the one introduced by Germano in LES. A RANS/VMS-LES hybrid approach is then evaluated on the circular cylinder test case at high Reynolds numbers. This approach introduces a hybridization parameter which privileges the RANS model or the VMS-LES model according to the grid resolution. Finally, the performance of a two-level Schwarz algorithm, which uses the deflation and balancing methods, are examined in terms of efficiency and scalability in the context of VMS-LES simulations
Desnos, Hugo. "Amélioration des procédures de cryoconservation de type congélation-lente par simulation et caractérisation des effets de composés chitooligosaccharides". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1048/document.
Testo completoWe wished to move aside classical cryopreservation procedure improvements that are based on empiricism and to focus on existing biophysical models in order to describe procedures. We based our study on two methods. The first method consisted in developing the methods for the simulations of procedures, by characterizing the use of Snomax in a DSC device. This study highlighted that the nucleation temperature (Tn) control is possible under precise experimental conditions (sample volume and Snomax concentration) that influence the presence probability of 3 INA subpopulations of the P. syringae protein aggregates. The possibility to simulate the cryopreservation procedures has been achieved for some supercooling ranges within complex cryopreservation solutions. Consequently, it has been possible to characterize the physical effects influenced by Tn and involved within procedures. These results will participate in supplying cryopreservation biophysical models. The second method aimed to modify the composition of cryopreservative solutions in order to reduce the DMSO use (because of its cytotoxicity), using extracellular CPA components: the chitooligosaccharides COS. Subsequent to the biocompatibility verification of the COS with embryonic cells, the thermodynamic influence of the COS has been characterized. Therefore, it has been demonstrated that COS are cryostabilizers that link themselves to a small number of water molecules and does not influence its physicochemical properties. Consequently, COS can be added within the extracellular space without any risk to accelerate the cell dehydration. It has been demonstrated that COS favor the gelation of the extracellular space and that this gelation relies on the mass proportion of water in the residual solution. This gelation immobilizes a part of the system and therefore favor its stabilization when the temperature reaches the risky recrystallization range
Jannin, Leslie. "Approche psycho-ergonomique de l'usage de la simulation en e-learning pour l'apprentissage de procédures : le cas du point de suture Atomized or delayed execution? An alternative paradigm for the study of procedural learning, in Journal of Educational Psychology 111(8), 2019". Thesis, Brest, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BRES0027.
Testo completoLearning surgical gestures is an important part of training for medical profession. An ethical imperative now requires that these gestures must be learned in a simulation situation. The objective of this thesis was to determine the psychological and pedagogical factors for optimizing procedural learning among medical students by combining e-learning and simulation. To meet this objective, we have implemented 5 studies. The first study sought to confirm that learners did realize an action atomization process at the beginning of learning. The second study compared the use of a methodological paradigm allowing action atomization and a paradigm of delayed execution. The next two studies were concerned with the instructions design and more particularly with their perspective, taking into account the visuospatial abilities of the learners.The last study investigated the validity of a blended learning course by comparing two educational organizations. The contributions of this thesis fall into 3 areas. In terms of the procedural learning process, the learners atomize the action during the first phase of procedural learning. Methodologically, it is therefore essential that the study paradigm takes into account this process, as well as the many repetitions necessary for procedural learning. From an educational point of view, the self-centered point of view would be the most profitable, whatever the visuo-spatial abilities of the learners. Finally, using a combination of e-learning and face-to-face simulation seems to be effective for procedural learning
Jean, Dit Gautier-Gaudenzi Estelle. "Modélisation du système pelvien de la femme enceinte et simulation d'accouchement : outil analytique et pédagogique". Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S019/document.
Testo completoWe aim at developing a complete 3D numerical model of a parturient pelvic system representing all the anatomical structures of the pelvis such as ligament, muscle and organs. Then we generate a parametric FE model that allows simulating normal and dystocic vaginal delivery.We have developed a parturient pelvic numerical model at different gestational ages, 16, 32 and 38 weeks of gestation, (WG) and in postpartum (2months and 1year) from MRI. The different organs, muscles and ligaments of the pelvic system were segmented in order to generate a complete anatomical 3D model. Starting from this numerical model we studied the changes the muscles and ligaments undergo during pregnancy. Then we performed a Finite Element (FE) model that allows simulation and analysis of the deformations of pelvic anatomical structures under the stress induce by normal and dystocic vaginal delivery. In particular, we investigated the influence of the head size, terms and cephalic orientation and flexion. We particularly studied the structures that play an important role in the stability of the pelvic system.ResultsThe analysis during pregnancy of the US ligaments and levator ani muscle (LAM) reveals some geometrical modification, even then at the beginning of the second pregnancy trimester. This 3D anatomical model help to develop a teaching model for manual removing of the placenta, that could be integrated in a simple physic mannequin. The proof of pedagogical interest of this tool was made by different series of tests, underwent by gynaecolog-obstetrician and midwives. Then we worked with FE simulation of the vaginal delivery. The model developed is parametric. Than mean we can then change different maternal and fetal criteria such as gestational age, fetal head size, orientation and flexion. First place we performed normal vaginal delivery to study the impact of the fetal head descent in the pelvic system, and his stress impact on the different anatomical structures. Then we introduce dystocic element. We can evaluate and localize the strain levels and the most injured areas. Posterior cephalic presentation presents higher injury risk than the anterior one. Maternal geometry at different terms brings equivalent results contrary to the fetal head sizes that have an influence on the strain level and the potential damage induced. We developed pressure and trajectories sensors integrated in a forceps. We can then record an ex-vivo forceps extraction and then integrate all the information in the FE model.ConclusionThis multi-parametric investigation allows us to have a customizable and predictive tool evaluating the potential damages on the pelvis during vaginal delivery. We could then explain, understand and maybe predict some maternal and fetal complications that could happen during vaginal delivery. We can in particular try to explain the perinea injuries during, after and long time after vaginal delivery. This tool can be used to teach the complexity of obstetric
Bernhardt, Adrien. "Modèles pour la création interactive intuitive". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00875519.
Testo completoTranchida, Julien. "Multiscale description of dynamical processes in magnetic media : from atomistic models to mesoscopic stochastic processes". Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR4027/document.
Testo completoDetailed magnetic properties of solids can be regarded as the result of the interaction between three subsystems: the effective spins, that will be our focus in this thesis, the electrons and the crystalline lattice. These three subsystems exchange energy, in many ways, in particular, through relaxation processes. The nature of these processes remains extremely hard to understand, and even harder to simulate. A practical approach, for performing such simulations, involves adapting the description of random processes by Langevin to the collective dynamics of the spins, usually called the magnetization dynamics. It consists in describing the, complicated, interactions between the subsystems, by the effective interactions of the subsystem of interest, the spins, and a thermal bath, whose probability density is only of relevance. This approach allows us to interpret the results of atomistic spin dynamics simulations in appropriate macroscopic terms. After presenting the numerical implementation of this methodology, a typical study of a magnetic device based on superparamagnetic iron monolayers is presented, as an example. The results are compared to experimental data and allow us to validate the atomistic spin dynamics simulations
Bruckner, Michael. "Biofluid Mechanics Of Embryo Transfer". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10159.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on the study of the hydrodynamic behavior of an embryo during the transfer process following the in vitro fertilization. Worldwide, one in six couples experiences infertility problems. Today, 5 millions babies are born from an in-vitro fertilization since the first one in 1978. In 2009, 1.5 millions Assisted Reproductive Technology cycles have been started, resulting in 350 000 births. The total number of cycles per year is constantly increasing (from 5 to 10 %), and the number of ART cycles is believed to reach 4 millions per year in 2020. Although the fertilization step is now fairly mastered with a 80% success rate, the final stage consisting in the embryo transfer into the uterine cavity remains a critical step, since only 25% of the cycles lead to a live birth. Even though every cycle is expensive, no specific, optimized and operator-independent protocol has been developed yet. In this thesis, we first demonstrate the interest and the feasibility of a bio-engineering approach. Indeed, although the issue of the transfer depends on numerous chemical and physiological factors, this crucial step can also be studied from a fluid mechanical point of view. This step can be divided in several sub-steps : introduction of the catheter in the intra-uterine cavity, injection of the medium fluid containing one or several embryos, and the withdrawal of the catheter. One can identify several important parameters such as fluids viscosity, injections speeds, catheter withdrawal speed, catheter loading scheme and the geometries of the uterine cavity and the catheter. In a second part, we focus on the fluid ow patterns inside the uterine cavity during the injection. The influence of the system parameters is studied thanks to a computational solving of the Navier-Stokes equations in an idealized three-dimensional uterine cavity. A study of the potential trajectories of the embryos is also conducted and confronted against the location of optimal implantation zones but also risky zones. As the outcome of these computations, we are able to propose recommendations for physicians practicing embryo transfers. In the last part of the thesis, we discuss numerical methods for the fluid{structure interaction study of embryo transfer. The embryo is indeed submitted to potentially destructive stress constraints at injection time that we are not capable of defining precisely at the scale of the uterine cavity. With the aim of developing a mechanical model for the blastocyst to determine system parameters minimizing the constraints, we present the implementation of two Eulerian numerical methods. The first one is a fluid-structure level set method in a finite volume code benefiting from an automatic mesh refinement feature. The second one addresses a phase field method based on a Discontinuous Galerkin finite element formalism
Ayari, Lotfi. "Contribution au développement d’un banc de mesures temporelles 4-canaux pour la caractérisation avancée de composants et de sous-systèmes RF non linéaires". Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0117/document.
Testo completoThe future communications for civil and military applications will use complex wideband modulated signals to be transmitted through multi-channel DOHERTY power amplifiers which should have high performance in terms of power, efficiency, OBO, and bandwidth. In order to meet these stringent requirements, designers need time-domain characterization tools for calibrated measurements and for optimizing voltages and currents at both ports of non-linear connectorized or on-wafer devices. This work successfully implements time-domain characterization tools used to meet specific needs for transistor modeling, to optimize their operation in terms of pulse to pulse stability, and to search optimal conditions of their operation modes in a Doherty power amplifier. For this implementation, mathematical modeling is performed to evaluate sampler’s performances in terms of time-domain sampling efficiency in order to choose the best suited sampling architecture for RF time-domain measurements. Rigorous calibration procedures have been developed to obtain simultaneously full time-domain calibrated waveforms (from low Frequencies to Microwave frequencies)
Tanoubi, Issam. "Impact d’un module d’enseignement de la sédation procédurale, basé sur la simulation à haute fidélité, sur la performance des résidents non- anesthésiologistes pour la prise en charge des complications respiratoires liées à la sédation : étude prospective, randomisée en simple insu". Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19171.
Testo completoRougeaux, François-René. "Outils de CAO et conception structurée de systèmes intégrés sur siliciu". Phd thesis, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00323949.
Testo completoChristaller, Michel. "Vers un support d'exécution portable pour applications parallèles irrégulières: Athapascan-0". Phd thesis, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345370.
Testo completoAnia, Briseno Ignacio De Jesus. "Bases d'objets : une infrastructure de représentation de connaissances pour la gestion de données en CAO". Phd thesis, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00326591.
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