Articoli di riviste: "Signal-To-Signal Translation"

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Harfiya, Latifa Nabila, Ching-Chun Chang e Yung-Hui Li. "Continuous Blood Pressure Estimation Using Exclusively Photopletysmography by LSTM-Based Signal-to-Signal Translation". Sensors 21, n. 9 (23 aprile 2021): 2952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21092952.

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Monitoring continuous BP signal is an important issue, because blood pressure (BP) varies over days, minutes, or even seconds for short-term cases. Most of photoplethysmography (PPG)-based BP estimation methods are susceptible to noise and only provides systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) prediction. Here, instead of estimating a discrete value, we focus on different perspectives to estimate the whole waveform of BP. We propose a novel deep learning model to learn how to perform signal-to-signal translation from PPG to arterial blood pressure (ABP). Furthermore, using a raw PPG signal only as the input, the output of the proposed model is a continuous ABP signal. Based on the translated ABP signal, we extract the SBP and DBP values accordingly to ease the comparative evaluation. Our prediction results achieve average absolute error under 5 mmHg, with 70% confidence for SBP and 95% confidence for DBP without complex feature engineering. These results fulfill the standard from Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) and the British Hypertension Society (BHS) with grade A. From the results, we believe that our model is applicable and potentially boosts the accuracy of an effective signal-to-signal continuous blood pressure estimation.

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Proud, Christopher G. "Signalling to translation: how signal transduction pathways control the protein synthetic machinery". Biochemical Journal 403, n. 2 (26 marzo 2007): 217–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20070024.

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Recent advances in our understanding of both the regulation of components of the translational machinery and the upstream signalling pathways that modulate them have provided important new insights into the mechanisms by which hormones, growth factors, nutrients and cellular energy status control protein synthesis in mammalian cells. The importance of proper control of mRNA translation is strikingly illustrated by the fact that defects in this process or its control are implicated in a number of disease states, such as cancer, tissue hypertrophy and neurodegeneration. Signalling pathways such as those involving mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) and mitogen-activated protein kinases modulate the phosphorylation of translation factors, the activities of the protein kinases that act upon them and the association of RNA-binding proteins with specific mRNAs. These effects contribute both to the overall control of protein synthesis (which is linked to cell growth) and to the modulation of the translation or stability of specific mRNAs. However, important questions remain about both the contributions of individual regulatory events to the control of general protein synthesis and the mechanisms by which the translation of specific mRNAs is controlled.

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Zhao, Baining, Zhewen Niu, Qiheng Liang, Yanli Xin, Tong Qian, Wenhu Tang e Qinghua Wu. "Signal-to-Signal Translation for Fault Diagnosis of Bearings and Gears With Few Fault Samples". IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 70 (2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3123433.

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Jeong, Singi, Jaemin Shin e Yusung Kim. "A Signal-to-Data Translation Model for Robust Backscatter Communications". IEEE Access 10 (2022): 27440–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3155879.

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Piazzi, Manuela, Alberto Bavelloni, Angela Gallo, Irene Faenza e William L. Blalock. "Signal Transduction in Ribosome Biogenesis: A Recipe to Avoid Disaster". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, n. 11 (3 giugno 2019): 2718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20112718.

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Abstract (sommario):

Energetically speaking, ribosome biogenesis is by far the most costly process of the cell and, therefore, must be highly regulated in order to avoid unnecessary energy expenditure. Not only must ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis, ribosomal protein (RP) transcription, translation, and nuclear import, as well as ribosome assembly, be tightly controlled, these events must be coordinated with other cellular events, such as cell division and differentiation. In addition, ribosome biogenesis must respond rapidly to environmental cues mediated by internal and cell surface receptors, or stress (oxidative stress, DNA damage, amino acid depletion, etc.). This review examines some of the well-studied pathways known to control ribosome biogenesis (PI3K-AKT-mTOR, RB-p53, MYC) and how they may interact with some of the less well studied pathways (eIF2α kinase and RNA editing/splicing) in higher eukaryotes to regulate ribosome biogenesis, assembly, and protein translation in a dynamic manner.

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Pyhtila, B., T. Zheng, P. J. Lager, J. D. Keene, M. C. Reedy e C. V. Nicchitta. "Signal sequence- and translation-independent mRNA localization to the endoplasmic reticulum". RNA 14, n. 3 (18 gennaio 2008): 445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1261/rna.721108.

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Zaragoza-Gómez, Andre, Emilio García-Caffarel, Yuridia Cruz-Zamora, James González, Víctor Hugo Anaya-Muñoz, Felipe Cruz-García e Javier Andrés Juárez-Díaz. "The Nβ motif of NaTrxh directs secretion as an endoplasmic reticulum transit peptide and variations might result in different cellular targeting". PLOS ONE 18, n. 10 (12 ottobre 2023): e0287087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287087.

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Soluble secretory proteins with a signal peptide reach the extracellular space through the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi conventional pathway. During translation, the signal peptide is recognised by the signal recognition particle and results in a co-translational translocation to the endoplasmic reticulum to continue the secretory pathway. However, soluble secretory proteins lacking a signal peptide are also abundant, and several unconventional (endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi independent) pathways have been proposed and some demonstrated. This work describes new features of the secretion signal called Nβ, originally identified in NaTrxh, a plant extracellular thioredoxin, that does not possess an orthodox signal peptide. We provide evidence that other proteins, including thioredoxins type h, with similar sequences are also signal peptide-lacking secretory proteins. To be a secretion signal, positions 5, 8 and 9 must contain neutral residues in plant proteins–a negative residue in position 8 is suggested in animal proteins–to maintain the Nβ motif negatively charged and a hydrophilic profile. Moreover, our results suggest that the NaTrxh translocation to the endoplasmic reticulum occurs as a post-translational event. Finally, the Nβ motif sequence at the N- or C-terminus could be a feature that may help to predict protein localisation, mainly in plant and animal proteins.

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Robinson, A., O. M. R. Westwood e B. M. Austen. "Interactions of signal peptides with signal-recognition particle". Biochemical Journal 266, n. 1 (15 febbraio 1990): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2660149.

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The mechanisms whereby isolated or synthetic signal peptides inhibit processing of newly synthesized prolactin in microsome-supplemented lysates from reticulocytes and wheat-germ were investigated. At a concentration of 5 microM, a consensus signal peptide reverses the elongation arrest imposed by the signal-recognition particle (SRP), and at higher concentrations in addition inhibits elongation of both secretory and non-secretory proteins. A photoreactive form of a synthetic signal peptide cross-links under u.v. illumination to the 54 kDa and 68 kDa subunits of SRP, whereas the major cross-linked protein produced after photoreaction of rough microsomes is of 45 kDa. As SRP-mediated elongation arrest is unlikely to be essential for translocation, it is suggested that signal peptides may interact with components other than SRP in the translation system in vitro.

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Mazo, Chantell, e Jamie C. Theobald. "To keep on track during flight, fruitflies discount the skyward view". Biology Letters 10, n. 2 (febbraio 2014): 20131103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.1103.

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When small flying insects go off their intended course, they use the resulting pattern of motion on their eye, or optic flow, to guide corrective steering. A change in heading generates a unique, rotational motion pattern and a change in position generates a translational motion pattern, and each produces corrective responses in the wingbeats. Any image in the flow field can signal rotation, but owing to parallax, only the images of nearby objects can signal translation. Insects that fly near the ground might therefore respond more strongly to translational optic flow that occurs beneath them, as the nearby ground will produce strong optic flow. In these experiments, rigidly tethered fruitflies steered in response to computer-generated flow fields. When correcting for unintended rotations, flies weight the motion in their upper and lower visual fields equally. However, when correcting for unintended translations, flies weight the motion in the lower visual fields more strongly. These results are consistent with the interpretation that fruitflies stabilize by attending to visual areas likely to contain the strongest signals during natural flight conditions.

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Chen, Zhuo. "Signal Recognition for English Speech Translation Based on Improved Wavelet Denoising Method". Advances in Mathematical Physics 2021 (18 settembre 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6811192.

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The signal corresponding to English speech contains a lot of redundant information and environmental interference information, which will produce a lot of distortion in the process of English speech translation signal recognition. Based on this, a large number of studies focus on encoding and processing English speech, so as to achieve high-precision speech recognition. The traditional wavelet denoising algorithm plays an obvious role in the recognition of English speech translation signals, which mainly depends on the excellent local time-frequency domain characteristics of the wavelet signal algorithm, but the traditional wavelet signal algorithm is still difficult to select the recognition threshold, and the recognition accuracy is easy to be affected. Based on this, this paper will improve the traditional wavelet denoising algorithm, abandon the single-threshold judgment of the original traditional algorithm, innovatively adopt the combination of soft threshold and hard threshold, further solve the distortion problem of the denoising algorithm in the process of English speech translation signal recognition, improve the signal-to-noise ratio of English speech recognition, and further reduce the root mean square error of the signal. Good noise reduction effect is realized, and the accuracy of speech recognition is improved. In the experiment, the algorithm is compared with the traditional algorithm based on MATLAB simulation software. The simulation results are consistent with the actual theoretical results. At the same time, the algorithm proposed in this paper has obvious advantages in the recognition accuracy of English speech translation signals, which reflects the superiority and practical value of the algorithm.

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Im, Chang-Hwan, e Jinuk Kwon. "S2S-STARGAN: NOVEL SIGNAL-TO-SIGNAL TRANSLATION METHOD BASED ON STARGAN TO GENERATE ARTIFICIAL EEG FOR SSVEP-BASED BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACES". IBRO Neuroscience Reports 15 (ottobre 2023): S949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.08.2004.

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Karagyozov, Luchezar, Petar N. Grozdanov e Frank-D. Böhmer. "The translation attenuating arginine-rich sequence in the extended signal peptide of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTPRJ/DEP1 is conserved in mammals". PLOS ONE 15, n. 12 (9 dicembre 2020): e0240498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240498.

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The signal peptides, present at the N-terminus of many proteins, guide the proteins into cell membranes. In some proteins, the signal peptide is with an extended N-terminal region. Previously, it was demonstrated that the N-terminally extended signal peptide of the human PTPRJ contains a cluster of arginine residues, which attenuates translation. The analysis of the mammalian orthologous sequences revealed that this sequence is highly conserved. The PTPRJ transcripts in placentals, marsupials, and monotremes encode a stretch of 10–14 arginine residues, positioned 11–12 codons downstream of the initiating AUG. The remarkable conservation of the repeated arginine residues in the PTPRJ signal peptides points to their key role. Further, the presence of an arginine cluster in the extended signal peptides of other proteins (E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, NOTCH3) is noted and indicates a more general importance of this cis-acting mechanism of translational suppression.

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Tan, Ying. "Design of Intelligent Speech Translation System Based on Deep Learning". Mobile Information Systems 2022 (6 settembre 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2463812.

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In order to solve the problem of low translation accuracy caused by complex sentence parameters in traditional machine translation systems, a method based on deep learning was proposed. First, MCU SPCE061A is used to study the problem of complex digital signal. The training data in the synchronous translation server support the translation services of a large number of users, and the translation results were displayed through the session interface of the user terminal. The PMDL model is used to detect the keyword signal, record the PCM audio data, and slice the collected pulse code modulation signal, so as to wake up the artificial intelligence voice service. Then, this study establishes a speech recognition process that accurately outputs the speech-related semantics. In this paper, a manual interactive synchronous translation program is designed with the input text as the search criterion, and the set is trimmed to obtain the best translation effect. The experimental results show that the sentence translation accuracy of the system is 0.9 ∼ 1.0. It is proved that the method based on deep learning solves the problem of low accuracy of the traditional translation system.

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Sahinbegovic, Hana, Alexander Vdovin, Renata Snaurova, Michal Durech, Jakub Nezval, Jiri Sobotka, Roman Hajek, Tomas Jelinek e Michal Simicek. "Length-Dependent Translation Efficiency of ER-Destined Proteins". Current Issues in Molecular Biology 45, n. 8 (14 agosto 2023): 6717–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb45080425.

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Gene expression is a fundamental process that enables cells to produce specific proteins in a timely and spatially dependent manner. In eukaryotic cells, the complex organization of the cell body requires precise control of protein synthesis and localization. Certain mRNAs encode proteins with an N-terminal signal sequences that direct the translation apparatus toward a specific organelle. Here, we focus on the mechanisms governing the translation of mRNAs, which encode proteins with an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) signal in human cells. The binding of a signal-recognition particle (SRP) to the translation machinery halts protein synthesis until the mRNA–ribosome complex reaches the ER membrane. The commonly accepted model suggests that mRNA that encodes a protein that contains an ER signal peptide continuously repeats the cycle of SRP binding followed by association and dissociation with the ER. In contrast to the current view, we show that the long mRNAs remain on the ER while being translated. On the other hand, due to low ribosome occupancy, the short mRNAs continue the cycle, always facing a translation pause. Ultimately, this leads to a significant drop in the translation efficiency of small, ER-targeted proteins. The proposed mechanism advances our understanding of selective protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells and provides new avenues to enhance protein production in biotechnological settings.

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Iida, Y., e D. Kanagu. "1R0900 Quantification analysis of translation initiation signal of mRNA : Effect of nucleotides from +4 to +6 on strength of signal". Seibutsu Butsuri 42, supplement2 (2002): S93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.42.s93_3.

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Yang, Yang, e Meng Su. "Research on the Application of Computer-Assisted Translation Technology in Translation Teaching". Mobile Information Systems 2022 (16 settembre 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1898066.

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In order to improve the quality of translation teaching, this study combines computer-aided translation technology to construct a translation teaching system, uses digital signal processing as a technical means to process waveform data online, and designs digital models for signal flow. Moreover, this study designs a digital filter to suppress waveform noise to improve the accuracy of amplitude measurement and uses a hardware algorithm for accumulating shift and averaging to correct the baseline stacking effect in real time. In addition, this study builds an intelligent translation software system with the support of algorithms in combination with translation requirements and conducts experimental verification of translation digital processing. Finally, the simulation experiment verifies the digital translation processing effect of the method in this study, and the application effect of computer-aided translation technology in translation teaching is verified through teaching evaluation research.

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Martin, Maria Wirtz, Anna Wacker e Harald Schwalbe. "Quantifizierung von Transkription und Translation von Riboschaltern". BIOspektrum 30, n. 3 (maggio 2024): 292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12268-024-2198-6.

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AbstractRiboswitches change their secondary structure upon ligand binding, sending a signal that triggers transcriptional or translational gene regulation. Our dual-readout assay allows the simultaneous detection of ligand-dependent changes in transcription and translation. The cell-free assay utilizes the parallel detection of the fluorescent Mango (IV) aptamer downstream of the transcribed mRNA and GFP fluorescence to quantify transcription and translation products in the presence or absence of ligand.

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Fukumoto, Yasunori, Masayoshi Ikeuchi, Yuji Nakayama e Yasumitsu Ogra. "Rad17 Translocates to Nucleolus upon UV Irradiation through Nucleolar Localization Signal in the Central Basic Domain". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n. 20 (14 ottobre 2022): 12300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012300.

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The nucleolus is a non-membranous structure in the nucleus and forms around ribosomal DNA repeats. It plays a major role in ribosomal biogenesis through the transcription of ribosomal DNA and regulates mRNA translation in response to cellular stress including DNA damage. Rad17 is one of the proteins that initiate and maintain the activation of the ATR pathway, one of the major DNA damage checkpoints. We have recently reported that the central basic domain of Rad17 contains a nuclear localization signal and that the nuclear translocation of Rad17 promotes its proteasomal degradation. Here, we show that the central basic domain contains the nucleolar localization signal as well as the nuclear localization signal. The nucleolar localization signal overlaps with the nuclear localization signal and is capable of transporting an exogenous protein into the nucleolus. Phosphomimetic mutations of the central basic domain inhibit nucleolar accumulation, suggesting that the post-translational modification sites regulate the nucleolar localization. Nucleolar accumulation of Rad17 is promoted by proteasome inhibition and UV irradiation. Our data show the nucleolar localization of Rad17 and suggest a possible role of Rad17 in the nucleolus upon UV irradiation.

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Sarker, Shameema, Kenneth E. Rudd e Donald Oliver. "Revised Translation Start Site for secM Defines an Atypical Signal Peptide That Regulates Escherichia coli secA Expression". Journal of Bacteriology 182, n. 19 (1 ottobre 2000): 5592–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.19.5592-5595.2000.

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ABSTRACT The secretion-responsive regulation of Escherichia coli secA occurs by coupling its translation to the translation and secretion of an upstream regulator, secM (formerly geneX). We revise the translational start site for secM, defining a new signal peptide sequence with an extended amino-terminal region. Mutational studies indicate that certain atypical amino acyl residues within this extended region are critical for propersecA regulation.

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Finidori, J., L. Rizzolo, A. Gonzalez, G. Kreibich, M. Adesnik e D. D. Sabatini. "The influenza hemagglutinin insertion signal is not cleaved and does not halt translocation when presented to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane as part of a translocating polypeptide." Journal of Cell Biology 104, n. 6 (1 giugno 1987): 1705–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.104.6.1705.

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The co-translational insertion of polypeptides into endoplasmic reticulum membranes may be initiated by cleavable amino-terminal insertion signals, as well as by permanent insertion signals located at the amino-terminus or in the interior of a polypeptide. To determine whether the location of an insertion signal within a polypeptide affects its function, possibly by affecting its capacity to achieve a loop disposition during its insertion into the membrane, we have investigated the functional properties of relocated insertion signals within chimeric polypeptides. An artificial gene encoding a polypeptide (THA-HA), consisting of the luminal domain of the influenza hemagglutinin preceded by its amino-terminal signal sequence and linked at its carboxy-terminus to an intact prehemagglutinin polypeptide, was constructed and expressed in in vitro translation systems containing microsomal membranes. As expected, the amino-terminal signal initiated co-translational insertion of the hybrid polypeptide into the membranes. The second, identical, interiorized signal, however, was not recognized by the signal peptidase and was translocated across the membrane. The failure of the interiorized signal to be cleaved may be attributed to the fact that it enters the membrane as part of a translocating polypeptide and therefore cannot achieve the loop configuration that is thought to be adopted by signals that initiate insertion. The finding that the interiorized signal did not halt translocation of downstream sequences, even though it contains a hydrophobic region and must enter the membrane in the same configuration as natural stop-transfer signals, indicates that the HA insertion signal lacks essential elements of halt transfer signals that makes the latter effective membrane-anchoring domains. When the amino-terminal insertion signal of the THA-HA chimera was deleted, the interior signal was incapable of mediating insertion, probably because of steric hindrance by the folded preceding portions of the chimera. Several chimeras were constructed in which the interiorized signal was preceded by polypeptide segments of various lengths. A signal preceded by a segment of 111 amino acids was also incapable of initiating insertion, but insertion took place normally when the segment preceding the signal was only 11-amino acids long.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Choi, Jinah, Zhenming Xu e Jing-hsiung Ou. "Triple Decoding of Hepatitis C Virus RNA by Programmed Translational Frameshifting". Molecular and Cellular Biology 23, n. 5 (1 marzo 2003): 1489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.23.5.1489-1497.2003.

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ABSTRACT Ribosomes can be programmed to shift from one reading frame to another during translation. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) uses such a mechanism to produce F protein from the −2/+1 reading frame. We now report that the HCV frameshift signal can mediate the synthesis of the core protein of the zero frame, the F protein of the −2/+1 frame, and a 1.5-kDa protein of the −1/+2 frame. This triple decoding function does not require sequences flanking the frameshift signal and is apparently independent of membranes and the synthesis of the HCV polyprotein. Two consensus −1 frameshift sequences in the HCV type 1 frameshift signal facilitate ribosomal frameshifts into both overlapping reading frames. A sequence which is located immediately downstream of the frameshift signal and has the potential to form a double stem-loop structure can significantly enhance translational frameshifting in the presence of the peptidyl-transferase inhibitor puromycin. Based on these results, a model is proposed to explain the triple decoding activities of the HCV ribosomal frameshift signal.

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Kanaji, Sachiko, Jun Iwahashi, Yuichiro Kida, Masao Sakaguchi e Katsuyoshi Mihara. "Characterization of the Signal That Directs Tom20 to the Mitochondrial Outer Membrane". Journal of Cell Biology 151, n. 2 (16 ottobre 2000): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.151.2.277.

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Tom20 is a major receptor of the mitochondrial preprotein translocation system and is bound to the outer membrane through the NH2-terminal transmembrane domain (TMD) in an Nin-Ccyt orientation. We analyzed the mitochondria-targeting signal of rat Tom20 (rTom20) in COS-7 cells, using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as the reporter by systematically introducing deletions or mutations into the TMD or the flanking regions. Moderate TMD hydrophobicity and a net positive charge within five residues of the COOH-terminal flanking region were both critical for mitochondria targeting. Constructs without net positive charges within the flanking region, as well as those with high TMD hydrophobicity, were targeted to the ER-Golgi compartments. Intracellular localization of rTom20-GFP fusions, determined by fluorescence microscopy, was further verified by cell fractionation. The signal recognition particle (SRP)–induced translation arrest and photo–cross-linking demonstrated that SRP recognized the TMD of rTom20-GFP, but with reduced affinity, while the positive charge at the COOH-terminal flanking segment inhibited the translation arrest. The mitochondria-targeting signal identified in vivo also functioned in the in vitro system. We conclude that NH2-terminal TMD with a moderate hydrophobicity and a net positive charge in the COOH-terminal flanking region function as the mitochondria-targeting signal of the outer membrane proteins, evading SRP-dependent ER targeting.

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Bergsten, S. E., e E. R. Gavis. "Role for mRNA localization in translational activation but not spatial restriction of nanos RNA". Development 126, n. 4 (15 febbraio 1999): 659–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.126.4.659.

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Patterning of the anterior-posterior body axis during Drosophila development depends on the restriction of Nanos protein to the posterior of the early embryo. Synthesis of Nanos occurs only when maternally provided nanos RNA is localized to the posterior pole by a large, cis-acting signal in the nanos 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR); translation of unlocalized nanos RNA is repressed by a 90 nucleotide Translational Control Element (TCE), also in the 3′UTR. We now show quantitatively that the majority of nanos RNA in the embryo is not localized to the posterior pole but is distributed throughout the cytoplasm, indicating that translational repression is the primary mechanism for restricting production of Nanos protein to the posterior. Through an analysis of transgenes bearing multiple copies of nanos 3′UTR regulatory sequences, we provide evidence that localization of nanos RNA by components of the posteriorly localized germ plasm activates its translation by preventing interaction of nanos RNA with translational repressors. This mutually exclusive relationship between translational repression and RNA localization is mediated by a 180 nucleotide region of the nanos localization signal, containing the TCE. These studies suggest that the ability of RNA localization to direct wild-type body patterning also requires recognition of multiple, unique elements within the nanos localization signal by novel factors. Finally, we propose that differences in the efficiencies with which different RNAs are localized result from the use of temporally distinct localization pathways during oogenesis.

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Rong, Chao, Dingfan Zhang, Yuwen Cao e Zhengbin Li. "Analyze the Difference Between Rotational and Translational Motions Produced by High-speed Train". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2651, n. 1 (1 dicembre 2023): 012141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2651/1/012141.

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Abstract The development of fiber optic gyroscope technology makes it possible to directly measure the rotational ground-motion. The joint observation of the three-component rotational seismometer and the traditional three-component translational seismometer is a trend of future. In this paper, the translational and rotational signals generated during the high-speed trainway are studied, and the three-component translational and rotational seismometers are fixed together to realize the joint recording of the high-speed trainway signal. Comparing the translational and rotational three-component data, we find that only one component waveforms and the spectrum have certain consistency. However, the difference between them indicates that the rotation and translation signals generated by the shallow surface wave signal have different frequency bands.

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Nicchitta, Christopher V., Rachel S. Lerner, Samuel B. Stephens, Rebecca D. Dodd e Brook Pyhtila. "Pathways for compartmentalizing protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells: the template-partitioning model". Biochemistry and Cell Biology 83, n. 6 (1 dicembre 2005): 687–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o05-147.

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mRNAs encoding signal sequences are translated on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - bound ribosomes, whereas mRNAs encoding cytosolic proteins are translated on cytosolic ribosomes. The partitioning of mRNAs to the ER occurs by positive selection; cytosolic ribosomes engaged in the translation of signal-sequence-bearing proteins are engaged by the signal-recognition particle (SRP) pathway and subsequently trafficked to the ER. Studies have demonstrated that, in addition to the SRP pathway, mRNAs encoding cytosolic proteins can also be partitioned to the ER, suggesting that RNA partitioning in the eukaryotic cell is a complex process requiring the activity of multiple RNA-partitioning pathways. In this review, key findings on this topic are discussed, and the template-partitioning model, describing a hypothetical mechanism for RNA partitioning in the eukaryotic cell, is proposed.Key words: mRNA, ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, translation, protein synthesis, signal sequence, RNA localization.

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Shome, Debaditya, Pritam Sarkar e Ali Etemad. "Region-Disentangled Diffusion Model for High-Fidelity PPG-to-ECG Translation". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, n. 13 (24 marzo 2024): 15009–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i13.29422.

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The high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) calls for accessible and cost-effective continuous cardiac monitoring tools. Despite Electrocardiography (ECG) being the gold standard, continuous monitoring remains a challenge, leading to the exploration of Photoplethysmography (PPG), a promising but more basic alternative available in consumer wearables. This notion has recently spurred interest in translating PPG to ECG signals. In this work, we introduce Region-Disentangled Diffusion Model (RDDM), a novel diffusion model designed to capture the complex temporal dynamics of ECG. Traditional Diffusion models like Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPM) face challenges in capturing such nuances due to the indiscriminate noise addition process across the entire signal. Our proposed RDDM overcomes such limitations by incorporating a novel forward process that selectively adds noise to specific regions of interest (ROI) such as QRS complex in ECG signals, and a reverse process that disentangles the denoising of ROI and non-ROI regions. Quantitative experiments demonstrate that RDDM can generate high-fidelity ECG from PPG in as few as 10 diffusion steps, making it highly effective and computationally efficient. Additionally, to rigorously validate the usefulness of the generated ECG signals, we introduce CardioBench, a comprehensive evaluation benchmark for a variety of cardiac-related tasks including heart rate and blood pressure estimation, stress classification, and the detection of atrial fibrillation and diabetes. Our thorough experiments show that RDDM achieves state-of-the-art performance on CardioBench. To the best of our knowledge, RDDM is the first diffusion model for cross-modal signal-to-signal translation in the bio-signal domain.

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Jiang, Xue Mei, Xiao Li Tu, Bo Li e Xiao Mei Zhang. "Reversible Watermarking Algorithm in DFT Domain for 2D CAD Engineering Graphics". Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (settembre 2013): 826–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.826.

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In this paper, extract the coordinates of the vertices of the 2D CAD graphics to construct the complex-valued signal. And use the signal to do the DFT. The encrypted watermark is embedded into the DFT amplitude by using the IDE algorithm. Experimental results show that the algorithm has good invisibility, with good reversibility. The algorithm has robust against the attacks such as combination of translation, rotation, translation and adding an entity.

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Sanchez, Robersy, Xiaodong Yang, Thomas Maher e Sally A. Mackenzie. "Discrimination of DNA Methylation Signal from Background Variation for Clinical Diagnostics". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, n. 21 (27 ottobre 2019): 5343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215343.

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Advances in the study of human DNA methylation variation offer a new avenue for the translation of epigenetic research results to clinical applications. Although current approaches to methylome analysis have been helpful in revealing an epigenetic influence in major human diseases, this type of analysis has proven inadequate for the translation of these advances to clinical diagnostics. As in any clinical test, the use of a methylation signal for diagnostic purposes requires the estimation of an optimal cutoff value for the signal, which is necessary to discriminate a signal induced by a disease state from natural background variation. To address this issue, we propose the application of a fundamental signal detection theory and machine learning approaches. Simulation studies and tests of two available methylome datasets from autism and leukemia patients demonstrate the feasibility of this approach in clinical diagnostics, providing high discriminatory power for the methylation signal induced by disease, as well as high classification performance. Specifically, the analysis of whole biomarker genomic regions could suffice for a diagnostic, markedly decreasing its cost.

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Wild, Klemens, Matthias M. M. Becker, Georg Kempf e Irmgard Sinning. "Structure, dynamics and interactions of large SRP variants". Biological Chemistry 401, n. 1 (18 dicembre 2019): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2019-0282.

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Abstract Co-translational protein targeting to membranes relies on the signal recognition particle (SRP) system consisting of a cytosolic ribonucleoprotein complex and its membrane-associated receptor. SRP recognizes N-terminal cleavable signals or signal anchor sequences, retards translation, and delivers ribosome-nascent chain complexes (RNCs) to vacant translocation channels in the target membrane. While our mechanistic understanding is well advanced for the small bacterial systems it lags behind for the large bacterial, archaeal and eukaryotic SRP variants including an Alu and an S domain. Here we describe recent advances on structural and functional insights in domain architecture, particle dynamics and interplay with RNCs and translocon and GTP-dependent regulation of co-translational protein targeting stimulated by SRP RNA.

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ZHANG, LEI, XIAOLIN WU e PAUL BAO. "NOISY SIGNAL COMPRESSION BY WAVELET TRANSFORM WITH OPTIMAL DOWNSAMPLING". International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 01, n. 04 (dicembre 2003): 407–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691303000268.

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This paper presents a wavelet transform (WT) based on simultaneous de-noising and compression scheme for noisy signal. Due to the downsampling in decomposition process, the orthogonal wavelet transform (OWT) is translation variant, which significantly hinders its performance in coding and denoising. In this paper the wavelet bintree decomposition (WBD), which is equivalent to a translation invariant WT, is first formed and an optimal downsampling route is then traversed among all the routes of the bintree. The WT with the optimal route would most effectively decorrelate and compactly represent the signal. During the process of noisy signal encoding, wavelet thresholding based denoising is performed. Thresholding is similar to the quantization of a zero-zone in lossy encoding procedure. We applied a signal-adaptive threshold to the wavelet coefficients and quantized the coefficients outside the zero-zone. Experiments show that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms the OWT-based method.

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Jiang, Rui, Camille-Sophie Bres, Nikola Alic, Evgeny Myslivets e Stojan Radic. "Translation of Gbps Phase-Modulated Optical Signal From Near-Infrared to Visible Band". Journal of Lightwave Technology 26, n. 1 (2008): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2007.912100.

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TODA, HIROSHI, e ZHONG ZHANG. "PERFECT TRANSLATION INVARIANCE WITH A WIDE RANGE OF SHAPES OF HILBERT TRANSFORM PAIRS OF WAVELET BASES". International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 08, n. 04 (luglio 2010): 501–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691310003602.

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It is well known that a Hilbert transform pair of wavelet bases improves the lack of translation invariance of the discrete wavelet transform. However, its shapes and improvement are limited by the difficulty in applying the Hilbert transform pair to a discrete signal. In this paper, novel Hilbert transform pairs of wavelet bases, which are based on a Meyer wavelet and have a wide range of shapes, are proposed to create perfect translation invariance, and their calculation method is designed to apply these wavelet bases to any discrete signal. Therefore, perfect translation invariance is achieved with a wide range of shapes of the Hilbert transform pairs of wavelet bases.

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Bartkutė, Darija, e Daiva Verikaitė-Gaigalienė. "Spatial deictics in translation". Languages in Contrast 20, n. 1 (17 maggio 2019): 84–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.18007.bar.

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Abstract Recent research on deictic elements has made extensive use of translation corpora to demonstrate that asymmetries between translational paradigms signal subtle contrasts from a systemic and pragmatic perspective. The purpose of the present study is to identify translation correspondences of the English spatial demonstrative this in Lithuanian and to discuss the contrastive features within the analytical framework of translational explicitation and implicitation. The results indicate that in the prototypical situational usage there is a high degree of correspondence between this and its Lithuanian translation, while textual uses demonstrate low formal equivalence. A tendency to implicitate stems from the null subject construction and object ellipsis in Lithuanian and is also a result of the availability of facultative deictic words in Lithuanian. The apparent systemic difference between the deictic systems of English and Lithuanian indicates a tendency towards optional implicitation and stylistic variation in literary translation.

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Dobrikov, M. I., E. Y. Dobrikova e M. Gromeier. "Dynamic Regulation of the Translation Initiation Helicase Complex by Mitogenic Signal Transduction to Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4G". Molecular and Cellular Biology 33, n. 5 (21 dicembre 2012): 937–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01441-12.

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Lipp, J., N. Flint, M. T. Haeuptle e B. Dobberstein. "Structural requirements for membrane assembly of proteins spanning the membrane several times." Journal of Cell Biology 109, n. 5 (1 novembre 1989): 2013–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.109.5.2013.

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We have investigated the structural requirements for the biogenesis of proteins spanning the membrane several times. Proteins containing various combinations of topological signals (signal anchor and stop transfer sequences) were synthesized in a cell-free translation system and their membrane topology was determined. Proteins spanning the membrane twice were obtained when a signal anchor sequence was followed by either a stop transfer sequence or a second signal anchor sequence. Thus, a signal anchor sequence in the second position can function as a stop transfer sequence, spanning the membrane in the opposite orientation to that of the first signal anchor sequence. A signal anchor sequence in the third position was able to insert amino acid sequences located COOH terminal to it. We conclude that proteins spanning the membrane several times can be generated by stringing together signal anchor and stop transfer sequences. However, not all proteins with three topological signals were found to span the membrane three times. A certain segment located between the first and second topological signal could prevent stable membrane integration of a third signal anchor segment.

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Naveed, Khuram, Bisma Shaukat e Naveed ur Rehman. "Dual tree complex wavelet transform-based signal denoising method exploiting neighbourhood dependencies and goodness-of-fit test". Royal Society Open Science 5, n. 9 (settembre 2018): 180436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180436.

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A novel signal denoising method is proposed whereby goodness-of-fit (GOF) test in combination with a majority classifications-based neighbourhood filtering is employed on complex wavelet coefficients obtained by applying dual tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) on a noisy signal. The DT-CWT has proven to be a better tool for signal denoising as compared to the conventional discrete wavelet transform (DWT) owing to its approximate translation invariance. The proposed framework exploits statistical neighbourhood dependencies by performing the GOF test locally on the DT-CWT coefficients for their preliminary classification/detection as signal or noise. Next, a deterministic neighbourhood filtering approach based on majority noise classifications is employed to detect false classification of signal coefficients as noise (via the GOF test) which are subsequently restored. The proposed method shows competitive performance against the state of the art in signal denoising.

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Alken, Martina, Claudia Rutz, Robert Köchl, Ute Donalies, Morad Oueslati, Jens Furkert, Doreen Wietfeld et al. "The signal peptide of the rat corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 promotes receptor expression but is not essential for establishing a functional receptor". Biochemical Journal 390, n. 2 (23 agosto 2005): 455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20050113.

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Approximately 5–10% of the GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) contain N-terminal signal peptides that are cleaved off during receptor insertion into the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) membrane by the signal peptidases of the ER. The reason as to why only a subset of GPCRs requires these additional signal peptides is not known. We have recently shown that the signal peptide of the human ETB-R (endothelin B receptor) does not influence receptor expression but is necessary for the translocation of the receptor's N-tail across the ER membrane and thus for the establishment of a functional receptor [Köchl, Alken, Rutz, Krause, Oksche, Rosenthal and Schülein (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 16131–16138]. In the present study, we show that the signal peptide of the rat CRF-R1 (corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1) has a different function: a mutant of the CRF-R1 lacking the signal peptide was functional and displayed wild-type properties with respect to ligand binding and activation of adenylate cyclase. However, immunoblot analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that the mutant receptor was expressed at 10-fold lower levels than the wild-type receptor. Northern-blot and in vitro transcription translation analyses precluded the possibility that the reduced receptor expression is due to decreased transcription or translation levels. Thus the signal peptide of the CRF-R1 promotes an early step of receptor biogenesis, such as targeting of the nascent chain to the ER membrane and/or the gating of the protein-conducting translocon of the ER membrane.

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Anderson, Emma C., e Andrew M. L. Lever. "Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag Polyprotein Modulates Its Own Translation". Journal of Virology 80, n. 21 (1 novembre 2006): 10478–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02596-05.

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ABSTRACT The full-length viral RNA of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) functions both as the mRNA for the viral structural proteins Gag and Gag/Pol and as the genomic RNA packaged within viral particles. The packaging signal which Gag recognizes to initiate genome encapsidation is in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of the HIV-1 RNA, which is also the location of translation initiation complex formation. Hence, it is likely that there is competition between the translation and packaging processes. We studied the ability of Gag to regulate translation of its own mRNA. Gag had a bimodal effect on translation from the HIV-1 5′ UTR, stimulating translation at low concentrations and inhibiting translation at high concentrations in vitro and in vivo. The inhibition was dependent upon the ability of Gag to bind the packaging signal through its nucleocapsid domain. The stimulatory activity was shown to depend on the matrix domain of Gag. These results suggest that Gag controls the equilibrium between translation and packaging, ensuring production of enough molecules of Gag to make viral particles before encapsidating its genome.

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DINKOVA, Tzvetanka D., Raul AGUILAR e Estela SÁNCHEZ DE JIMÉNEZ. "Expression of maize eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) iso4E is regulated at the translational level". Biochemical Journal 351, n. 3 (24 ottobre 2000): 825–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3510825.

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Mechanisms for regulation of gene expression at the translational level have been reported at specific developmental stages in eukaryotes. Control of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E availability by insulin/growth factors constitutes a main point of translational regulation. The aim of the present research was to understand the regulatory mechanism(s) behind the differential expression of two main 4E factors present in maize embryonic axes during germination. De novo synthesis of eIFiso4E initiates earlier and is faster than that of eIF4E in maize axes. Insulin addition to maize axes stimulated de novo synthesis of the eIFiso4E protein, but not that of eIF4E. Specific recruitment of the eIFiso4E transcript into polysomes was observed in these axes after insulin stimulation. Inhibitors of the insulin signal-transduction pathway, wortmannin and rapamycin, reversed the insulin effect. In vitro translation of maize poly(A)+ RNAs by S6 ribosomal protein (rp)-phosphorylated ribosomes demonstrated a strong increase in eIFiso4E synthesis, as compared with its translation by S6 rp-non-phosphorylated ribosomes. Other mRNAs from the poly(A)+ RNA set, including the eIF4E mRNA, did not show differential translation with regard to the S6-phosphorylated status of the ribosomes. The overall results indicate that eIFiso4E, but not eIF4E, cell content is regulated by de novo synthesis in maize axes during germination, most probably by specific mRNA recruitment into polysomes via a signal-transduction pathway involving S6 rp phosphorylation.

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Meng, Jing. "Intelligent English Translation Based on Intelligent Speech Waveform Analysis". Mobile Information Systems 2022 (21 agosto 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9408361.

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In order to improve the effectiveness of an intelligent English translation, this paper combines intelligent speech waveform technology to construct an intelligent English translation system. When the modulation method of each signal component is known, this paper takes the overlapping point as the fitting point set and performs fitting with each data point. Moreover, this paper takes the obtained modulation method parameters as eigenvectors and finally performs clustering to obtain the parameter estimation of each single-component signal. In addition, in the case of overlapping points between each linear English speech waveform dataset, this paper finds the overlapping points and processes the overlapping point sets. The simulation test and data statistical analysis results show that the intelligent English translation method based on intelligent speech waveform analysis proposed in this paper can effectively improve the effect of English translation.

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Guo, Li Jie. "Nonlinear Analysis of Mixed Signal Test Based on Graphic Program Design". Applied Mechanics and Materials 539 (luglio 2014): 489–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.539.489.

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In this paper, based on the parabolic interpolation function of nonlinear Lagrange, we establish the mathematical model of business translation graphical teaching method. In order to verify the availability and reliability of the model and algorithm, we test the performance of graphic business English translation platform. After testing the mixed signal of platform, the current with fault is lower than circuit without fault. The peak voltage of triangular wave is about-6V and 6V. According to the response curves of English translation circuit, different sequencers realize the parallel translation. It improves business English translation speed, and provides the technical reference for the innovation cultivation of business English talents.

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Li, Quan, Liping Xu, Hui Wu, Jing Liu, Jinguo Lin e Xin Guan. "Differential proteome analysis of the extracts from the xylem of Cinnamomum camphora inhibiting Coriolus versicolor". Holzforschung 72, n. 6 (27 giugno 2018): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2017-0148.

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AbstractThe proteins ofCoriolus versicolortreated with the acetone extracts ofCinnamomum camphoraxylem has been investigated. The specific proteins found in the extract treatedC. versicolor, were characterized by two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis (2D-GE) and identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) combined with tandem time-of-flight microscopy, i.e. TOF-MS/TOF-MS. Most of 474 proteins detected from the pure culture were common metabolic proteins. Nineteen protein spots changed significantly and 17 spots were identified successfully. The 19 proteins were assigned to 10 functional groups including ion binding, translation factor activity, nucleic acid binding and ATPase activity. These proteins are involved in signal transduction, transport and membrane trafficking. The down regulated expression of translation elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1α), α-tubulin, and tropomyosin-1 showed that protein translation elongation, growth-stimulating signal transduction, signal transduction and material transport were suppressed, which resulted in the apoptosis of the pathogen. These findings provide a better understanding of the anti-fungal mechanism ofC. camphoraand indicate the way for the development of wood preservatives based on natural extracts.

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Calvo, G. F., B. I. Sturman, F. Agulló-López, M. Carrascosa, A. A. Kamshilin e K. Paivasaari. "Grating translation technique for vectorial beam coupling and its applications to linear signal detection". Journal of the Optical Society of America B 19, n. 7 (1 luglio 2002): 1564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.19.001564.

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Jethmalani, Yogita, e Erin M. Green. "Using Yeast to Define the Regulatory Role of Protein Lysine Methylation". Current Protein & Peptide Science 21, n. 7 (23 settembre 2020): 690–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203720666191023150727.

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The post-translational modifications (PTM) of proteins are crucial for cells to survive under diverse environmental conditions and to respond to stimuli. PTMs are known to govern a broad array of cellular processes including signal transduction and chromatin regulation. The PTM lysine methylation has been extensively studied within the context of chromatin and the epigenetic regulation of the genome. However, it has also emerged as a critical regulator of non-histone proteins important for signal transduction pathways. While the number of known non-histone protein methylation events is increasing, the molecular functions of many of these modifications are not yet known. Proteomic studies of the model system Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggest lysine methylation may regulate a diversity of pathways including transcription, RNA processing, translation, and signal transduction cascades. However, there has still been relatively little investigation of lysine methylation as a broad cellular regulator beyond chromatin and transcription. Here, we outline our current state of understanding of non-histone protein methylation in yeast and propose ways in which the yeast system can be leveraged to develop a much more complete picture of molecular mechanisms through which lysine methylation regulates cellular functions.

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Liu, Shuyi, Shengtao Chen, Zuzhi Chen e Yongjun Gong. "Fault Diagnosis Strategy Based on BOA-ResNet18 Method for Motor Bearing Signals with Simulated Hydrogen Refueling Station Operating Noise". Applied Sciences 14, n. 1 (23 dicembre 2023): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14010157.

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The harsh working environment of hydrogen refueling stations often causes equipment failure and is vulnerable to mechanical noise during monitoring. This limits the accuracy of equipment monitoring, ultimately decreasing efficiency. To address this issue, this paper presents a motor bearing vibration signal diagnosis method that employs a Bayesian optimization (BOA) residual neural network (ResNet). The industrial noise signal of the hydrogenation station is simulated and then combined with the motor bearing signal. The resulting one-dimensional bearing signal is processed and transformed into a two-dimensional signal using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Afterwards, the signal is segmented using the sliding window translation method to enhance the data volume. After comparing signal feature extraction and classification results from various convolutional neural network models, ResNet18 yields the best classification accuracy, achieving a training accuracy of 89.50% with the shortest computation time. Afterwards, the hyperparameters of ResNet18 such as InitialLearnRate, Momentum, and L2Regularization Parameter are optimized using the Bayesian optimization algorithm. The experiment findings demonstrate a diagnostic accuracy of 99.31% for the original signal model, while the accuracy for the bearing signal, with simulated industrial noise from the hydrogenation station, can reach over 92%.

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Bolster, Douglas R., Leonard S. Jefferson e Scot R. Kimball. "Regulation of protein synthesis associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy by insulin-, amino acid- and exercise-induced signalling". Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 63, n. 2 (maggio 2004): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2004355.

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Although insulin, amino acids and exercise individually activate multiple signal transduction pathways in skeletal muscle, one pathway, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)–mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway, is a target of all three. Activation of the PI3K–mTOR signal transduction pathway results in both acute (i.e. occurring in minutes to hours) and long-term (i.e. occurring in hours to days) up-regulation of protein synthesis through modulation of multiple steps involved in mediating the initiation of mRNA translation and ribosome biogenesis respectively. In addition, changes in gene expression through altered patterns of mRNA translation promote cell growth, which in turn promotes muscle hypertrophy. The focus of the present discussion is to review current knowledge concerning the mechanism(s) through which insulin, amino acids and resistance exercise act to activate the PI3K–mTOR signal transduction pathway and thereby enhance the rate of protein synthesis in muscle.

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Yang, Ying, e Yusen Wei. "RANDOM INTERPOLATION AVERAGE FOR ECG SIGNAL DENOISING USING MULTIPLE WAVELET BASES". Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 25, n. 04 (agosto 2013): 1350042. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237213500427.

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The random interpolation average (RIA) is a simple yet good denoising method. It firstly employed several times of random interpolations to a noisy signal, then applied the wavelet transform (WT) denoising to each interpolated signal and averaged all of the denoised signals to finish the denoising process. In this paper, multiple wavelet bases and the level-dependent threshold estimator were used in the RIA scheme so that it can be more suitable for the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal denoising. The synthetic ECG signal, real ECG signal and four types of noise were used to perform comparison experiments. The results show that the proposed method can provide the best signal to noise ratio (SNR) improvement in the deoising applications of the synthetic ECG signal and the real ECG signals. For the real ECG signals denoising, the average SNR improvement is 5.886 dB, while the result of the RIA scheme with single wavelet basis (RIAS), the fully translation-invariant [TI (fully)] and the WT denoising using hard thresholding [WT (hard)] are 5.577, 5.274 and 3.484 dB, respectively.

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Pietrzak, Paulina. "Inside and Outside the Translation Classroom". Research in Language 18, n. 2 (30 giugno 2020): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1731-7533.18.2.07.

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The article provides a glance at the continuing transformation in the profession of translators and its implications on translator training. The profile of the translatorhas never been unified but nowadays, following the pandemic situation in the year 2020, the profession undergoes a significant shift as a result of the economic situation and the effects of the pandemic restrictions on the condition of the labour market. The widespread use of technology and new requirements involving distance learning call for rethinking the aims of translator training. The primary purpose of the article is to signal the need for adapting translator training to foster better metacognitive skills that help translation students adapt to the evolving market. The article makes an attempt to look at the potential of distance translator training for introducing more professionalization into translator education. Moving outside the regular translation classroom to virtual training environments can in fact entail the learner transformation not only as regards technology immersion but also their autonomy.

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He, Jinshen, Hongliang Ba, Jing Feng, Cheng Peng, Yunjie Liao, Lifeng Li, Xu Cao, Zili Wang, Minren Shen e Song Wu. "Increased signal intensity, not volume variation of infrapatellar fat pad in knee osteoarthritis: A cross-sectional study based on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging". Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 30, n. 1 (gennaio 2022): 102255362210922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10225536221092215.

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Background Infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) is regarded as an essential knee tissue involved in osteoarthritis (OA) for its potential structural-related or metabolism-related function. This cross-sectional study aims to identify which part is more related to OA. Methods Patients with knee OA ( n = 53) and healthy controls ( n = 54) were prospectively recruited. Based on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging with a slice thickness of only 0.35 mm, IPFP structural-related parameters (volume and maximal area), metabolism-related parameter (signal), degeneration indicators, and patellar maltracking indicators (patellar translation, patellofemoral angle, and Insall-Salvati ratio) were measured. IPFP volume (maximal area, and signal) was compared between healthy controls and OA patients. The level of significance for all comparisons was set as .05. Results OA patients had higher IPFP signal (672.9 ± 136.9 vs 567.3 ± 63.6, p = .009), but no significant difference in IPFP volume or maximal area compared with healthy controls. In healthy controls, IPFP signal was positively associated with age ( β = 1.481; 95% CI: 0.286–2.676; p = .018); IPFP maximal area was positively related to Insall-Salvati ratio ( β = 0.001; 95% CI: 0.0003–0.0017; p = .039), but not associated with patellar translation and patellofemoral angle. In OA patients, IPFP signal was positively associated with cartilage loss ( β = 0.005; 95% CI: 0.003–0.007; p = .013); no correlation between knee pain and IPFP volume or maximal area was observed. Conclusions The metabolism-related function of IPFP, which can be reflected by the IPFP signal, might play a more critical role in OA progression than its structural function.

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Pah, Nemuel D., e Dinesh Kant Kumar. "Thresholding Wavelet Networks for Signal Classification". International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 01, n. 03 (settembre 2003): 243–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691303000220.

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This paper reports a new signal classification tool, a modified wavelet network called Thresholding Wavelet Networks (TWN). The network is designed for the purposes of classifying signals. The philosophy of the technique is that often the difference between signals may not lie in the spectral or temporal region where the signal strength is high. Unlike other wavelet networks, this network does not concentrate necessarily on the high-energy region of the input signals. The network iteratively identifies the suitable wavelet coefficients (scale and translation) that best differentiate the different signals provided during training, irrespective of the ability of these coefficients to represent the signals. The network is not limited to the changes in temporal location of the signal identifiers. This paper also reports the testing of the network using simulated signals.

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