Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Shu ji zhuang zhen"

ABSTRACT(N.B. A version of this paper has now been published in Kaogu 1983.6:537-41.)Fu Hao (or Fu Zi ) appears in the oracle-bone inscriptions from Anyang. The name is often seen in Period I inscriptions (from the time of Wu Ding) and occasionally in Period IV inscriptions (from the time of Wu Yi and Wen Ding). The two are separated by four kings (Zu Geng, Zu Jia, Lin Xin, and Kang Ding), perhaps by as much as one hundred years. Does the Fu Hao in both periods refer to the same person? How can we explain this phenomenon?In the oracle-bone records of people and their activities there are cases where one figure is active in different periods. These names are often also place names, and these figures possess a populace and products. These names are probably what is termed “Clan-Territory titles” (a term found in the Gu shi kao, as quoted in the “Zheng yi” commentary to the Zuo zhuan). Based on their clan name they served hereditarily as officials. These clan names occur in historical literature, as in “In the past, our former kings were for generations Lords of Millet (Hou Ji ), serving under the Yü and Xia “(Guo yü “Zhou Yü” ); or “The Zhong and Li clans generation after generation ordered heaven and earth, … the Sima clan for generation after generation was in charge of the history of Zhou” (Shi ji, “Taishigong zixu” ).

The article deals with the set of grammatical notions used by the author of 《语助》 “Yuzhu”, that is the first special monograph in Chinese linguistics dedicated to the description of function words. The study of works significant for the development of the linguistic knowledge is very important for historiographical and epistemological description of the formation of a certain tradition (in this case the Chinese one), since such works mark the stages of qualitative shifts in the structure of knowledge. In the course of the research three types of function words were singled out: 辞 ci, 声 sheng and 语助 yuzhu. The description of how these terminological units are used in the works preceding 《语助》 “Yuzhu” (such as 《礼记正义》 “Li ji zheng yi”, 《毛诗故训传》 “Mao Shi gu xun zhuan”, etc.) is given. Diachronic analysis shows a certain continuity of Lu Yiwei’s 卢以纬 interpretations: he does not offer his own variants of naming function words, but uses terms that were coined by the literary people and commentators in previous epochs. To illustrate different types of function words, excerpts from dictionary entries are given, they are translated into Russian by the author. It is emphasized that these units do not have such properties inherent for terms as definition, accuracy of meaning, single meaning and form stability, so it is impossible to consider such units as proper terms. It is concluded that the traditional stage of linguistic knowledge development in China is characterized by the formation of the system of grammatical notions, there was no consistently developed terminological apparatus in this period, the structure of the language was not viewed systematically.

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