Tesi: "Sheep diseases"

1

Lasecka, Lidia. "Studies on the replication of Nairobi sheep disease virus in cultured cells". Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618322.

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2

Windsor, Peter A. "The pathogenesis of genetic and infectious disorders acquired between conception and the immediate post-partum period in sheep and cattle". Phd thesis, Faculty of Veterinary Science, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4120.

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3

Taema, Maged M. "The in vitro characterisation of prion diseases of sheep". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12915/.

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One of the critical challenges in the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) field is to understand the molecular basis of prion propagation and decipher the enigma of prion strains and their role in TSEs. The research approach adopted in this dissertation tackled different subjects of keen interest for prion characterisation and diagnostics. A high throughput enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for detection of disease-related prion protein (PrPSc) using the protease thermolysin. Thermolysin allowed isolation of protease resistant PrPSc in its full-length form, while cellular prion protein (PrPC) was digested. With further extraction and precipitation of PrPSc with sodium phosphotungstic acid (NaPTA) and in conjunction with using monoclonal antibodies that recognise distinct epitopes, PrPSc was detected and quantified successfully. Molecular strain typing of ruminant TSEs was investigated using Western blotting and depending on the resistance of PrPSc to digestion with proteinase-K (PK) and thermolysin. The methods discriminated clearly between classical ovine scrapie and experimental ovine BSE. In contrast, experimental CH1641-like isolates showed heterogenous molecular profiles. In addition, the findings from this study demonstrated the existence of thermolysin-sensitive PrP isoforms which are resistant to PK and their presence varied between individual sheep and brain regions. When studying prion propagation using the serial protein misfolding cyclic amplification (sPMCA) technique, different strains/isolates of ruminant prions were successfully amplified in vitro from as little as 0.01 ng of brain seed. Furthermore, ovine BSE was readily amplified in vitro in brain substrates from sheep with homozygous VRQ or AHQ Prnp genotype. In contrast, the CH1641 strain was refractory to such amplification. This method allowed for differentiation of experimental BSE from CH1641 prion strains within an ovine host, providing hope for the potential of sPMCA as a strain typing assay. The use of bacterially expressed recombinant PrPsen (rPrPsen) as substrate in PMCA reactions (rPrP-PMCA) was assessed. The use of the substrate improved the sensitivity, specificity, practicality and speed of sPMCA assays for detecting a range of ovine prion isolates. Expression and purification of recombinant Syrian hamster prion protein (Sha rPrP) and VRQ ovine PrP (VRQ rPrP) provided substrate for detecting PrPSc in scrapie affected brain samples. Although both substrates had the same level of sensitivity, rSha PrPsen had better specificity than VRQ rPrP. There were variations in amplification efficiency between different batches of the same rPrP. This study recommends further investigations looking at the use of a range of experimental CH1641 and BSE samples, as well as using panels of CH1641-like field isolates for sPMCA reaction to establish (such) strain typing methodology. Furthermore, applying the rPrP-PMCA assay to detect PrPSc in secreta and excreta of infected sheep in the pre-clinical phase of the disease may provide a non invasive ante-mortem test for scrapie.

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4

Waters, Ryan Andrew. "Investigating novel aspects of FMDV pathogenesis in pregnant ovines, foetuses and neonatal lambs". Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572483.

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5

Rutherford, Sarah-Jayne. "Streptococcus dysgalactiae polyarthritis in lambs in England and Wales". Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572433.

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6

Davies, Janet Mary. "Searching for molecular mimicry in Lentiviral diseases of sheep and goats". Thesis, Davies, Janet Mary (1993) Searching for molecular mimicry in Lentiviral diseases of sheep and goats. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1993. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/53036/.

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Molecular mimicry is the theory that an infectious agent such as a virus causes its pathology through mimicry of host cells at either the protein or nucleotide level. As lentiviral diseases have a protracted course of infection, differing breed susceptibilities and immune system involvement, it is possible that molecular mimicry contributes to their pathogenesis. The role of epitope mimicry, and mimicry of messenger RNA, in the development of the encephalitic condition in Visna infected sheep and the arthritic condition in caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) infected goats was investigated. Methods for searching for mimicry with computer programs (PASTA and BLAST) were investigated. Database searches revealed the problems with the current strategies such as the original application for which the software was designed and the comparison matrix by which sequences are examined. A new matrix from Tudos et al. (1990) was investigated using previously published data on the immunological effects of amino acid substitution in epitopes. This matrix was shown to be useful for inclusion in database searches aimed at finding epitope mimicry. Searching for messenger mimicry showed that nucleotide homology between unrelated sequences spanning 14, 15, 16 and 17 identical residues occur abundantly. One sequence of homology between the tether region of CAEV and human proteoglycan with 17 out of 18 identical nucleotides encoded peptides with 5 homologous amino acids. There was no antibody or T cell recognition of synthetic peptides encompassing this hit detectable in CAEV infected and arthritic goats. Cross-reaction between sera raised in sheep against similar synthetic peptides of the Visna virus and 21.5kDa myelin basic protein (MBP) was demonstrated. Investigation of the responses of Visna infected sheep showed that only the MBP peptide and MBP, in some sheep, were recognised. The peptides elicited T cell responses from Lewis rats during EAE induced with Guinea pig MBP, but they were not immunogenic or encephalitic per se, nor able to induce T cell lines that transferred EAE. No T cell declined. response to the peptides was demonstrated in Visna sheep. It was concluded that epitope mimicry was not evident in the pathogenesis of the encephalitic condition of Visna. Synovial antibody response to the envelope protein of CAEV has previously been shown to be important in the development of arthritis in CAEV infected goats. T ceil epitopes predicted from the surface protein of CAEV and their mimics identified by database searches did not evoke antibody or T cell responses from CAEV infected goats. It was found that the T cell responses of long term naturally infected goats to CAEV were slight and limited to 42% of goats. The antibody response of CAEV infected goats to the transmembrane (TM) protein was demonstrated to be strongest in arthritic goats. An antigenic portion of this protein was amplified, cloned, expressed as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein (GST-TM) and used to show that arthritic goats recognised this region. Antibodies from several arthritic goats that were affinity purified against the GST-TM protein reacted with the native CAEV TM protein but they did not cross-react with goat or horse proteoglycan, or cultured and fresh synovial membrane cell lysates or synovial fluid. Database searches with the antigenic region of the TM revealed a similar sequence with a 70kDa heat shock protein from Trypanosomes but there was no antibody recognition of synthetic peptides corresponding to this region. It was concluded that the response to the TM though it may be important in the development of arthritis, was not cross-reactive hence epitope mimicry was not demonstrated clinically. From the computational based investigations it was clear that mimicry searching can reveal interesting sequence similarities but until the clinical immune response to these similar regions is determined, the pathogenic potential of the sequence similarity is not known. There are still short falls in computational approaches. The importance of finding the epitope and determining if there is a cross-reactive response clinically was considered crucial.

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7

Dungu-Kimbenga, B. "Study on the effects of a natural Maedi visna virus infection on sheep productivity". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25380.

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A cohort study was conducted in order to measure the effect of the chronic indurative lymphocytic mastitis caused by the South African strain ofMaedi visna virus (SA-OMVV) on the pre-weaning growth of lambs born of naturally infected and uninfected ewes kept under similar conditions. 50 naturally infected ewes and 40 controls from an MVV-free source were purchased and kept separately. All ewes were of the same breed - the Dorper¬and 3 to 4 years old. From the adaptation period, through mating, pregnancy and lactation periods they were monitored for MVV antibodies and managed under similar conditions. The lambs were weighed at birth and thereafter every two weeks until the age of 90 days, when they were weaned. The ewes were slaughtered, their udders examined histologically and the lesions were assessed by counting typical lymphocytic follicles. Although the observed values indicated a correlation between the number of follicles in the udder and the reduction in the growth rate of the lambs, this was not statistically significant. Similarly, despite higher counts of lymphoid follicles in the udder of sero-positive ewes as compared to sero-negatives and the observed lower ewe productivity indexes (EPI) in infected ewes, no statistically significant differences were found in the EPI of ewes in different follicle categories. The present study was a first attempt to evaluate the effect of the SA-OMVV infection on sheep productivity in South Africa.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2000.
Production Animal Studies
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8

Edwards, Jane C. "Investigation of disease associated prion protein in blood from sheep naturally infected with scrapie". Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.559024.

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9

Pfister, Riccardo E. (Riccardo Erennio) 1961. "Control of lung liquid throughout late gestation and labour". Monash University, Ritchie Centre for Baby Health Research, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9321.

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10

Stanton, James Brantly. "Identifying factors that enhance prion accumulation in cultured sheep microglial cells". Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2008/j_stanton_082908.pdf.

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11

Jackson, Frank. "Studies on the epidemiology of Trichostrongylus vitrinus (Looss 1905)". Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254233.

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12

Wiley, Lisa Jessica. "Biochemical and molecular investigation into levamisole-resistance in trichostrongylid nematodes of sheep". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1994. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26667.

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LEV-resistance in trichostrongylid nematode parasites of sheep is of considerable economic importance and a growing problem in Auatralia and other countries. To combat LEVresistance, a greater understanding of the mode of action of LEV and mechanisms of resistance to LEV are necessary. In this project, biochemical and molecular approaches have been used to investigate LEV-resistance and mode of action. A pharmacological study of 20 LEV-analogues confirmed that LEV is a highly specific molecule. Most modifications to the LEV-structure reduced its effectiveness against both LEV-resistant and -susceptible strains of H. contortus, as measured by in vitro egg hatch assay, ligand binding assay and adult contraction assay. The nAChR-specific ligand, a-Bgt, was used to characterise the putative cholinceptor from H. contortus. a—Bgt bound specifically to homogenates of L3 H. contortus with the pharmacological characteristics of a nAChR. A single, high—affinity binding-site(Kd 2 — 3 x 10'9 M) was detected in the two LEV-susceptible strains tested. Binding was inhibited by the LEV-analogue, MAL. This confirmed that LEV binds to a nAChR in H. contorlus. A second, lowaffinity binding-site (Kd ~10'6 M) was detected in the LEV—resistant strains tested.This indicated that there was an alteration in receptor structure or population in the LEV-resistant strains. The cloning of a nAChR a-subunit candidate gene from T. colubriformis has provided a major advancement in the knowledge of cholinoceptors from parasitic nematodes and the genomic organisation of T. colubriformis, From the proposed coding sequence of this gene, a predicted peptide structure of a T. colubriformis nAChR (it-subunit has been determined. Comparison with peptide sequences of subunits from other species showed that the nematode receptors form a distinct subtype of the nAChR family. They cannot be strictly classified as most like neuromuscular of neuronal receptor types. The genomic organisation of the T. colubriformis nAChR a-subunit candidate gene revealed some conserved features with genes from C. elegans and eukaryotes in general. Intron/exon splice sites are highly conserved and are most similar to those from C. elegans. A region of high sequence homology to mariner-like transposable elements has also been described. This is the first report of such an element from T. colubriformis. An investigation of the proposed major Ach-binding-site sequence of the T. colubriformis ocsubunit candidate gene from individual LEV-resistant and -susceptible worms did not reveal any changes in this region that would alter the encoded protein. Therefore, a change in this binding-site region does not appear to be responsible for LEV-resistance in the strain examined. Sequencing of this region identified a polymorphism in the intron sequence that would result in an RFLP for the enzyme NlaIII. The frequencies of each allel in male and female worms were determined and provided strong evidence that the polymorphism, and therefore the a—subunit gene, is on the X-chromosome in T. colubriformis. This is of particular interest as LEV-resistance is believed to be due to a sex-linked gene or linked-gene complex in this species (Martin and McKenzie, 1990). The identification of an RFLP in this sequence also provides a marker for the X-chromosome in this species.

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13

Elliott, Malcolm Gordon, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University e Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture. "Grass tetany of cattle in New South Wales". THESIS_FEMA_xxx_Elliott_M.xml, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/7.

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Over the last 60 years, grass tetany has been recognised as a significant lethal condition in sheep and cattle.Outcomes from this study include documentation of the likely precursors to grass tetany, ways to recognise these precursors, and long term practices that will enable producers to minimise livestock deaths. The benefit of this research to beef producers is that the environmental circumstances thought to be associated with outbreaks of grass tetany have been identified, along with remedial action that can be taken to prevent deaths occurring.Recommendations to industry on best practice to be adopted by leading producers to minimise outbreaks of grass tetany are made.This study provides an alternate strategy for the management of grass tetany in beef cattle, to the more clinical approaches previously recommended. It is suggested that losses from this economically important metabolic disease can be minimised if management practices of beef cattle producers in eastern Australia can incorporate a more holistic approach to farm management, which takes account of the soil/plant/animal/climate inter-relationships.
Master of Science (Hons)

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14

Martin, Alison. "Alloantigen systems and resistance to Eimeria tenella and Newcastle-B1 in chickens selected for response to sheep erythrocytes". Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101451.

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Chickens from lines selected for high (HA) and low (LA) antibody response to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) antigen were Used to study the role of genetic factors involved in resistance to Eimeria tenella and Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Routes of administration were intravenous for SRBC antigen and intranasal for NDV. Chicks were exposed to E. tenella either through a natural challenge via the litter or a controlled oral administration. Differences between lines were observed in resistance to cecal coccidiosis, with line HA chicks being more resistant than those from line LA. Results were similar. for both natural and controlled exposures, Differences in resistance to E. tenella were found among alleles for the I alloystern with degree of additivity from the I⁴ allele on resistance depending on the background genome. Chicks from line HA exhibited higher antibody titers to SRBC and lower titers to NDV than did those from line LA. This pattern was the same regardless of whether antigens were given together or alone. Correlations within lines for birds which received both antigens were positive and significant in line HA and not different from zero in line LA. When NDV was given at the time birds received a booster dose of SRBC, antibody titers for NDV and for primary and booster SRBC were higher in. line HA than line LA. Correlations between all titers were positive and significant in both lines. The data suggest that relationships between titers for SRBC and NDV are influenced by both genetic and nongenetic factors.
M.S.

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15

Hegazy, Yamen Mohammed. "Ruminant brucellosis in Egypt : frequency, distribution and potential control strategies". Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558965.

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16

Al-Ani, A. A. J. M. "Studies on the biology and epidemiology of sheep ticks and the diseases they transmit". Thesis, Bangor University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495832.

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17

Silva, Flávio Medeiros Paz e. [UNESP]. "Diagnóstico e caracterização molecular de Giardia duodenalis e Cryptosporidium spp. em amostras fecais de bovinos e ovinos". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90732.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-06-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:11:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_fmp_me_botfmvz.pdf: 2999608 bytes, checksum: 16c0ff22e39cd5714270de54e0384c11 (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Os protozoários Giardia duodenalis e Cryptosporidium spp. são comprovadamente patógenos potenciais para bovinos e ovinos (particularmente em bezerros e cordeiros). Recentemente, o uso de técnicas moleculares demonstrou que Giardia duodenalis e Cryptosporidium spp. são espécies compostas de populações morfologicamente indistinguíveis, porém com grande diversidade genética. Os isolados de Giardia duodenalis obtidos de amostras fecais de ruminantes podem pertencer a grupos genéticos hospedeiro-específicos (genótipo E) ou a grupos genéticos potencialmente zoonóticos (genótipo A e B). Quatro espécies/genótipos de Cryptosporidium spp. com diferenças biológicas e genéticas consideráveis, são capazes de infectar bovinos: Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium andersoni, Cryptosporidium bovis e Cryptosporidium genótipo deer-like. Em ovinos uma longa lista de espécies/genótipos tem sido identificados, alguns dos quais ainda são descritos como espécies/genótipos desconhecidos. O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar a ocorrência de Giardia duodenalis e Cryptosporidium spp. em 10 propriedades de bovinos leiteiros e 1 propriedade de ovinos no Estado de São Paulo, realizando o diagnóstico por meio das técnicas de microscopia óptica (Centrifugo-flutuação em sulfato de zinco modificada e coloração por fucsina carbólica modificada), Ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) e Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR); e caracterizando geneticamente esses protozoários com o emprego da técnica de polimorfismo no tamanho dos fragmentos de restrição (RFLP). A ocorrência de Giardia duodenalis e Cryptosporidium em 200 bovinos foi de 8 e 14%, respectivamente. O diagnóstico das infecções em bezerros foi significativamente maior do que em animais adultos. A técnica da PCR demonstrou uma sensibilidade diagnóstica superior quando comparada às técnicas de microscopia óptica e ensaio imunoenzimático.
Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. are protozoan organisms that can infect the intestinal tract of many animal species including mammals. Clinical signs reported in calves and lambs infected with theses parasites include dullness, lethargy, anorexia, fever, dehydration, gastritis, reduced milk yield and poor weight gain and therefore have a potential clinical and economic impact. Despite morphological uniformity, considerable biotypic and genetic diversity exists within the G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium species. G. duodenalis is a species complex comprising at least seven major assemblages or genotypes (A, B, C, D, E, F and G). These assemblages, which differ from each other significantly, appear to have distinct host preferences or have a limited host range. Recent studies suggest that cattle are infected with at least four Cryptosporidium parasites: C. parvum, Cryptosporidium bovis, Cryptosporidium andersoni and the Cryptosporidium deer-like genotype . In sheep, however, most prevalence information is based on microscopy and thus there is little information on Cryptosporidium species or genotypes. This study was undertake to determine the occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections in dairy cattle and sheep in São Paulo State, Brazil through the use of microscopy, Enzyme Immunoabsorbent assay (EIA) and Polymerase chain Reaction (PCR); and to determine the species/genotypes by PCR-RFLP. Ten dairy farms in Botucatu city region are sampled. At each farm, 20 specimens are randomly collected. Giardia and Cryptosporidium was identified in 80% and 90% of farm locations, respectively. Of the 200 specimens collected, 8% and 14% has Giardia and Cryptosporidium DNA, respectively. Most infections were Giardia duodenalis Assemblage E (87,5%) and Cryptosporidium andersoni (82%) which are not zoonotic; however, one calf was infected with zoonotic Giardia duodenalis Assemblage AII and another with B.

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18

Reynecke, D. P. (Dean Peter). "Software-based decision-support : a basis for the development of a predictive system for sustainable management of haemonchosis in small ruminants". Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25804.

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Data generated by five years of FAMACHA© clinical evaluation trials on one farm, and two years of trials on a second farm in South Africa, where targeted selective treatment was applied to treat haemonchosis in sheep, was used as a basis to explore new computational epidemiological methods to analyse the results of the trials. The research flowed from the earlier work of Dr. J.A. van Wyk and co-workers at the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, who did much to develop, introduce, and validate the FAMACHA©system in South Africa and elsewhere in the world. Clinical haemonchosis was common during the summer rainfall season, and was found to increase in severity during January and February of each year. Sensitivity analysis of FAMACHA© data indicated that on the first farm (Farm 1) investigated, many of the animals that were clinically non-diseased were in fact anaemic, but due to misclassification, these animals were not detected. This was not the case on the second farm (Farm 2), where most animals that were clinically diseased according to FAMACHA© were found to be truly anaemic. The high prevalence of misclassification on Farm 1 has important implications for monitoring and chemotherapy of haemonchosis. The results indicated that under the conditions where the data were generated, the FAMACHA© system is sensitive enough, and adequately specific, to detect anaemic sheep despite misclassification. The application of Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis to the FAMACHA© method to select FAMACHA© categories for treatment, was in agreement with the findings that misclassification on Farm 1 would of necessity require that different treatment thresholds would need to be implemented to achieve the same test sensitivity as on Farm 2.Although the use of the Receiver Operating Characteristic method requires the use of dedicated software to generate results, especially if large data sets are analysed, it was found to be an accurate and valid way of indicating FAMACHA© threshold categories for treatment on both farms, for a desired sensitivity. A previously published multiple regression model was modified to incorporate stochasticity in the FAMACHA© proportions and the body mass of sheep, in order to simulate probable worm count. The fluctuations in simulated worm count adequately reflected the changing epidemiological situation of haemonchosis as indicated by temporal histograms of differential FAMACHA© proportions in flocks. The model was most sensitive to changes in FAMACHA© proportions in the sample, followed by increasing variability in body mass as a worm season progressed. Furthermore, for a given class of animal, a range of probable haemoglobin values could be associated with a preselected threshold worm burden. Themodel was sensitive to blanket drenching events, as a lower intensity of infection was predicted immediately after blanket drenching in all samples. It followed that model indications could be used probabilistically, to indicate minimum haemoglobin levels that would need to be sustained in order to prevent overwhelming worm burdens in a given classof animal. The penultimate chapter of the thesis is concerned with alternative methods of evaluation of rainfall as a risk factor for haemonchosis. Three different periods of rainfall, in relation to FAMACHA© sampling events, were evaluated in terms of entropy, or spread, and tested for strength of association with simulated flock haemoglobin values by regression analysis. Shannon’s entropy was used as an indicator of rainfall variability. Findings indicated a negative, and significant, correlation between rainfall entropy and flock haemoglobin level. On the strength of the association, a simulation model was proposed, which could theoretically indicate a probable range for expected flock haemoglobin level in a subsequent two-week period following FAMACHA© evaluation, provided that rainfall entropy is known. This work attempts to bridge the gap between implementation of the FAMACHA© system, and the investigation of several vital issues that would need to be addressed in the development of a wider ranging anthelmintic treatment decision-support system to delay anthelmintic resistance. The application of important quantitative methods, such as two-graph Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis, Monte Carlo simulation, and Shannon’s entropy to the FAMACHA© system, have provided new perspectives from which to develop an integrated computerized decision-support system. The thesis strongly supports the continued use of the FAMACHA© system in its present form, but the work has emphasised several key issues, such as misclassification, the need to develop decision-support systems that are useable in real time at farm level as opposed to regional level, and that the FAMACHA© system can and should be used as a basis for further development of decision-support software.
Thesis (PhD (Veterinary Tropical Diseases))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Veterinary Tropical Diseases
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19

Walker, Keith Harvey. "Pathogenesis of Ixiolaena brevicompta F. Muell. (Asteraceae) poisoning in sheep : toxicity of seed oil lipids". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1990. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26315.

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1. Four major aims were defined for the course of this study based on the initial observation of suspected poisoning of sheep by I.brevicompta (Walker gt_gl 1980) and on the published literature. They were:— (1) To confirm the toxicity of I. brevicompta to sheep. (2) to define the toxic principle(s) from I. brevicompta. (3) to investigate the nature and aetio-pathogenesis of the acute myodegeneration characteristic of the syndrome. (4) to devise methods based on points one to three above to ameliorate, control or prevent losses of sheep from suspected I. brevicompta poisoning. 2. I. brevicompta F. Muell (Asteraceae) is described in this chapter. It is a native Australian annual daisy which is mainly distributed along the riverine flood-plains of the Darling River system in western New South Wales and Queensland. Heavy summer stands of mature seeded plant occur principally along the central Darling River, south of Bourke, in New South Wales. Such plant populations have most often arisen from periodic river flooding, usually in autumn or winter, but may occur to a lesser degree following above-average winter rainfall seasons. The germination requirements, seasonal growth cycle and ecological features of I. brevicompta are described from studies over the period 1980-1983 inclusive. This knowledge facilitated the harvesting of quantities of mature seed in 1981 on "Kallara" Station, Tilpa, New South Wales. This seed collection was machine harvested during a period when sheep on the property were affected with the symptoms associated with suspected poisoning by mature seeded I; brevicompta (Walker et a1 1980). The harvested seeds of I. brevicompta contained an oil (12%) in which the major fatty acids present are palmitic (7%), stearic (5%), oleic (8%), linoleic (51%) and crepenynic (octadec-cis-Q-en-l2-ynoic) acid (25%). The structure of this unusual acetylenic unsaturated fatty acid was established by chemical and physical methods (Ford et al 1983). High concentrations of alpha-tocopherol were also detected in the mature seeds.

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20

Morikawa, Vivien Midori. "Occurrence of zoonoses and infectious diseases in barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) from the Curitiba zoo". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/37611.

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Orientador : Prof. Dr. Ivan Roque de Barros Filho
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias. Defesa: Curitiba, 12/12/2014
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Área de concentração: Sanidade animal
Resumo: Doenças infecciosas, particularmente as zoonoses, tem impactos significativos na saúde humana e animal, e a sua fonte de infecção está cada vez mais relacionada aos animais selvagens. O desenvolvimento de programas aplicáveis de vigilância das doenças em seus reservatórios selvagens é essencial. Em zoológicos, a grande concentração de animais proporciona um ambiente ideal para a transmissão de doenças infecciosas entre as espécies animais. O risco de transmissão de zoonoses para funcionários e visitantes também existe, de modo que é extremamente necessário o monitoramento de potenciais reservatórios ou hospedeiros nestes locais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de algumas doenças infecciosas importantes em aoudads (Ammotragus lervia) do zoológico de Curitiba. Esta tese está dividida em sete capítulos. O capítulo inicial apresenta uma introdução do assunto, enfatizando a relevância e a finalidade da pesquisa. O segundo capítulo apresenta uma revisão, expondo os dados atuais disponíveis na literatura sobre a ocorrência de zoonoses e doenças infecciosas em aoudads. O terceiro capítulo é uma pesquisa intitulada "Ocorrências de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii e anti-Neospora caninum em aoudads no zoológico de Curitiba, sul do Brasil", publicada na Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária. O estudo revelou que o aoudad está exposto a esses patógenos e, portanto, pode atuar como hospedeiro intermediário, disseminando as doenças intra e inter espécies em áreas compartilhadas. No quarto capítulo, a primeira infecção documentada de Mycobacterium tuberculosis em aoudads é relatada. O quinto capítulo descreve um inquérito sorológico para detecção de anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. e anti-Brucella spp. em aoudads, indicando que o animal está exposto às leptospiras e pode atuar como um sentinela de exposição ambiental. A pesquisa relatada no sexto capítulo revelou o isolamento de Campylobacter jejuni em amostras de fezes de aoudads, alertando para o potencial risco zoonótico. E finalizando, o sétimo capítulo apresenta um estudo sorológico para detecção do vírus da língua azul, artrite-encefalite caprina e maedi-visna em amostras de sangue de aoudads, concluindo que o animal está exposto ao vírus da língua azul. Em conclusão, aoudads estão expostos a vários patógenos e podem desempenhar um papel importante no ciclo epidemiológico de doenças infecciosas, como hospedeiros e sentinelas de exposição ambiental. O desenvolvimento de programas adequados para um sistema de vigilância de agentes infecciosos é extremamente necessário e está intimamente integrado à vigilância da saúde pública, promovendo oportunidades para controlar esses patógenos antes que possam afetar a saúde humana e animal. Palavras-chave: Ammotragus lervia. Doenças infecciosas. Zoonoses. Zoológicos.
Abstract: Infectious diseases, particularly zoonoses, have significant impacts on human and animal health and are increasingly originating from wildlife. The development of applicable programs for surveillance for the diseases in their wildlife reservoirs is essential. In zoos, the large concentration of animals provides an optimal environment for the transmission of infectious diseases among animal species. The risk of zoonoses transmission to the staff and visitors also exists, so that the monitoring of potential reservoirs or hosts in theses places is extremely necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of some important infectious diseases in Barbary sheep at the Curitiba zoo. This thesis is divided into seven chapters. The initial chapter provides an introduction of the subject, emphasizing the relevance and the purpose of the research. The second chapter presents a review, showing the current data available in the literature about the occurrence of zoonoses and infectious diseases in Barbary sheep. The third chapter is a research entitled "Occurrences of anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in Barbary sheep at Curitiba zoo, southern Brazil" published in the Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology. The study revealed that Barbary sheep is exposed to these pathogens and therefore may act as intermediate host, spreading toxoplasmosis and neosporosis within and between species in shared areas. In the fourth chapter, the first documented infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Barbary sheep species is reported. The fifth chapter describes a serological survey for detection of anti-Leptospira spp. and anti-Brucella spp. antibodies in Barbary sheep, indicating that the animal is exposed to leptospires and can act as a sentinel of environmental exposure. The research reported in the sixth chapter revealed the isolation of Campylobacter jejuni in fecal samples of Barbary sheep, warning to the potential zoonotic risk. And lastly, the seventh chapter presents a serological study to detect bluetongue, caprine arthritis-encephalitis and maedi-visna virus in blood samples of Barbary sheep, concluding that the animal is exposed to the bluetongue virus. In conclusion, Barbary sheep are exposed to several pathogens and may play an important role in the epidemiological cycle of infectious diseases, as hosts and sentinels of environmental exposure. The development of appropriate programs for a surveillance system to infectious pathogens is sorely needed and closely integrated to public health surveillance, providing opportunities to control such pathogens before they can affect human and animal health. Keywords: Ammotragus lervia. Infectious diseases. Zoonoses. Zoos.

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Tibbo, Markos. "Productivity and health of indigenous sheep breeds and crossbreds in the central Ethiopian highlands /". Uppsala : Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200651.pdf.

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22

Duncan, Elizabeth Jenness, e n/a. "Approaches to identify candidate genes for resistance to facial eczema disease in sheep". University of Otago. Department of Biochemistry, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080129.154845.

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Facial eczema disease (FE) is a secondary photosensitisation disease of ruminants caused by exposure to the mycotoxin sporidesmin. Resistance to FE has a significant genetic component and previous research has included a whole genome scan and investigation of candidate genes. The aim of this study was to use multiple approaches to identify genes associated with resistance to FE. ABC transporters have been considered as putative candidate genes for FE since the yeast ABC transporter, PDR5, was found to modulate sensitivity to sporidesmin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A previous study had shown that hepatic expression of the ovine ABC transporter, ABCB1, was induced following exposure to sporidesmin but only in resistant animals (Longley (1998) PhD Thesis, University of Otago). In the present study, using qRT-PCR, a difference in the expression of ABCB1 between resistant and susceptible animals was not confirmed. It is concluded that ABCB1 is not likely to be a candidate gene for FE. As the full genome sequences for several mammalian species are now available, phylogenetic analyses were used to identify the most likely mammalian ortholog of the yeast PDR5 protein. This analysis found that the yeast PDR5 protein was most closely related to the mammalian ABCG sub-family. The human ABCG sub-family has five members one of which, ABCG2, is a known xenobiotic transporter. Comparative mapping of ABCG2 indicated that it co-localised to a region of the sheep genome weakly associated with resistance to FE. The full-length sequence of ovine ABCG2 was determined and two synonymous polymorphisms were found. These two polymorphisms, together with an intronic SNP were genotyped across a panel of selection-line animals. The allele frequencies of the intronic SNP were found to be significantly different between the selection lines, providing evidence for the association of ABCG2 with resistance to FE. The hepatic expression of ABCG2 was examined but no differential expression between the selection-lines was observed. Global gene expression profiling via microarray analysis was undertaken as a novel approach to identify candidate genes. Differences in gene expression were examined between naïve and sporidesmin-dosed resistant and susceptible animals using a bovine cDNA microarray. A small number of differentially expressed genes were identified. Follow-up studies found that there were a relatively high number of errors in EST identity. Eight differentially expressed genes were selected for confirmation by Northern analysis. Six of these genes were shown to be differentially expressed, but neither the patterns nor the magnitude of the differential expression reflected that observed on the microarray. One of the six genes identified as differentially expressed was catalase, which has previously been implicated in resistance to FE. This finding validates the approach taken using gene expression profiling to identify candidate genes. The final approach used in this study necessitated the development and characterisation of an in vitro system for studying sporidesmin toxicity. The system chosen was a human hepatoma cell line, HepG2. To date the only effective treatment for FE is the prophylactic administration of high levels of zinc sulphate. The mechanism of protection by zinc is unknown, but zinc is known to be a potent modulator of gene expression. Conceptually, any genes modulated by zinc are possible candidates for resistance to FE. It was shown that zinc pre-treatment could protect HepG2 cells against sporidesmin-induced cytotoxicity. Equivalent protection was provided by the addition of zinc in the presence of the transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D, suggesting that the mechanism of zinc protection is independent of de novo gene transcription. Overall, the goal of this project was to find genes to assist selection of sheep resistant to FE. Toward this goal, this research has identified several new candidate genes and avenues for investigation.

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23

Silva, Flávio Medeiros Paz e. "Diagnóstico e caracterização molecular de Giardia duodenalis e Cryptosporidium spp. em amostras fecais de bovinos e ovinos /". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90732.

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Resumo: Os protozoários Giardia duodenalis e Cryptosporidium spp. são comprovadamente patógenos potenciais para bovinos e ovinos (particularmente em bezerros e cordeiros). Recentemente, o uso de técnicas moleculares demonstrou que Giardia duodenalis e Cryptosporidium spp. são espécies compostas de populações morfologicamente indistinguíveis, porém com grande diversidade genética. Os isolados de Giardia duodenalis obtidos de amostras fecais de ruminantes podem pertencer a grupos genéticos hospedeiro-específicos (genótipo E) ou a grupos genéticos potencialmente zoonóticos (genótipo A e B). Quatro espécies/genótipos de Cryptosporidium spp. com diferenças biológicas e genéticas consideráveis, são capazes de infectar bovinos: Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium andersoni, Cryptosporidium bovis e Cryptosporidium genótipo deer-like. Em ovinos uma longa lista de espécies/genótipos tem sido identificados, alguns dos quais ainda são descritos como espécies/genótipos desconhecidos. O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar a ocorrência de Giardia duodenalis e Cryptosporidium spp. em 10 propriedades de bovinos leiteiros e 1 propriedade de ovinos no Estado de São Paulo, realizando o diagnóstico por meio das técnicas de microscopia óptica (Centrifugo-flutuação em sulfato de zinco modificada e coloração por fucsina carbólica modificada), Ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) e Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR); e caracterizando geneticamente esses protozoários com o emprego da técnica de polimorfismo no tamanho dos fragmentos de restrição (RFLP). A ocorrência de Giardia duodenalis e Cryptosporidium em 200 bovinos foi de 8 e 14%, respectivamente. O diagnóstico das infecções em bezerros foi significativamente maior do que em animais adultos. A técnica da PCR demonstrou uma sensibilidade diagnóstica superior quando comparada às técnicas de microscopia óptica e ensaio imunoenzimático.
Abstract: Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. are protozoan organisms that can infect the intestinal tract of many animal species including mammals. Clinical signs reported in calves and lambs infected with theses parasites include dullness, lethargy, anorexia, fever, dehydration, gastritis, reduced milk yield and poor weight gain and therefore have a potential clinical and economic impact. Despite morphological uniformity, considerable biotypic and genetic diversity exists within the G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium species. G. duodenalis is a species complex comprising at least seven major assemblages or genotypes (A, B, C, D, E, F and G). These assemblages, which differ from each other significantly, appear to have distinct host preferences or have a limited host range. Recent studies suggest that cattle are infected with at least four Cryptosporidium parasites: C. parvum, Cryptosporidium bovis, Cryptosporidium andersoni and the Cryptosporidium deer-like genotype . In sheep, however, most prevalence information is based on microscopy and thus there is little information on Cryptosporidium species or genotypes. This study was undertake to determine the occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections in dairy cattle and sheep in São Paulo State, Brazil through the use of microscopy, Enzyme Immunoabsorbent assay (EIA) and Polymerase chain Reaction (PCR); and to determine the species/genotypes by PCR-RFLP. Ten dairy farms in Botucatu city region are sampled. At each farm, 20 specimens are randomly collected. Giardia and Cryptosporidium was identified in 80% and 90% of farm locations, respectively. Of the 200 specimens collected, 8% and 14% has Giardia and Cryptosporidium DNA, respectively. Most infections were Giardia duodenalis Assemblage E (87,5%) and Cryptosporidium andersoni (82%) which are not zoonotic; however, one calf was infected with zoonotic Giardia duodenalis Assemblage AII and another with B.
Orientador: João Pessoa Araújo Júnior
Coorientador: Raimundo Souza Lopes
Banca: Alessandro Francisco Talamini do Amarante
Banca: Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani
Mestre

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Lundén, Anna. "Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep : studies on epidemiology, food hygiene and vaccination /". Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv, 1994. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1994/91-576-4804-2.gif.

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25

Fleming, Peter J. S., e n/a. "Relationships between feral goats (Capra hircus) and domestic sheep (Ovis aries) with reference to exotic disease transmission". University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2004. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050714.142151.

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Merino sheep are the most numerous domestic livestock in Australia and feral goats are wide-spread and locally abundant in many of the regions where sheep are grazed. Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a disease of ungulates that causes severe economic hardship to countries where outbreaks occur or where it has become endemic. In India, Africa, Greece and recently the United Kingdom and Eire, sheep and goats have been implicated in the spread and maintenance of FMD. In Australia, there are contingency plans (AUSVETPLANS) for dealing with an outbreak of FMD. Included in those plans are strategies for control of the disease in feral ungulates including feral pigs and feral goats. Modelling has provided assistance in developing strategies to combat outbreaks in feral pigs and for controlling outbreaks in domestic livestock. No models have been constructed to aid decisions about controlling FMD in feral goats where they co-occur with merino sheep. In Australia, the greatest densities of free-ranging feral goats and domestic livestock occur in the high rainfall zone (> 500 mm mean annual rainfall) along the eastern tablelands and adjacent slopes of the Great Dividing Range. Previous studies of feral goat biology, population dynamics and behaviour in Australia have concentrated on arid and semi-arid zones or on islands. Interactions between free ranging feral goats and merino sheep have not previously been studied in the high rainfall zone. My study investigated the ecological and behavioural characteristics of feral goats and their interactions with sympatric merino sheep at a high rainfall site in central eastern New South Wales. The population dynamics, biological and behavioural parameters of feral goats and sheep were then used to model FMD in such an environment. Deterministic temporal models and a new spatial stochastic model were used. Of particular interest were the rates of contact within and between subgroups of feral goats (termed herds and mobs), within and between subgroups of merino sheep (termed flocks and mobs), and between subgroups of the two species. Feral goats at the study site were found to be numerous (mean density = 34.94 goats km-2, from aerial surveys), in good condition, fecund and had high adult survival and low annual adult mortality (survival= 0.81�1.00) in the absence of harvesting and hunting. They had an observed instantaneous rate of increase of 0.112 per year. Annual rate of increase was similar to other sites in Australia without sustained harvesting pressure. Home ranges were small for both males (3.754 km², s.e. = 0.232, n = 116 goats) and females (2.369 km², s.e. = 0.088, n = 241 goats). From this and other Australasian studies, an inverse power function was found to be an excellent descriptor of the relationship between mean annual rainfall and female home range size. A resource selection function was fitted in a geographic information system to observational data of feral goats. The habitat selection of feral goats included a preference for wooded vegetation on eastern and north eastern aspects at higher elevations. The resource selection function was also used to set the probabilities of occurrence of feral goats in 1 ha areas of the landscape and these probabilities were used to generate heterogeneity in a spatial model of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) transmission. Daily per capita contact rates were estimated from observed contacts in the field where a contact between individuals was recognised when one approached within 1 body length ([approx] 1m) of another. The contacts between feral goats within herds were frequent and occurred at a rate of 6.96 (s.e. = 1.27) goat�goat contacts day-1. Sheep to sheep contacts were slightly less frequent (4.22 sheep�sheep contacts day-1, s.e. = 0.65) but both estimates were most likely negatively biased because of observer errors in estimating the number of individual animals coming in contact with observation subject (focal) animals. Contacts between herds of feral goats were not common and those between adjacent populations were fewer than 1 per year. In sheep, flock to flock contact was largely governed by husbandry practices and occurred at a mean daily rate of 0.0014 flock�flock contacts. Contacts between sheep and feral goats were less frequent but nonetheless common (2.82 goat�sheep contacts day-1, s.e. = 0.40). In feral goats the size of the mob in which focal goats were observed was found to be the most important factor in determining contact rates between individuals and a counter-intuitive inverse relationship was identified. Contacts were heterogeneous and density was not an important determinant of contact rates implying that, because of the uniformly high densities at the site, saturation had occurred. The temporal models of FMDV transmission showed that the rate of contact within and between species was such that FMD was predicted to spread rapidly throughout an infected herd or flock. Control strategies of intense culling of feral goats at the population level were predicted to allow the disease to persist at low prevalence, with a small peak corresponding to the annual lambing pulse in sheep. However, the same level of control (>90% reduction) at the herd level was predicted to eliminate FMD and allow the safe reintroduction of sheep. Extreme control that left very small groups (<3 individuals) may be counter productive because such small groups are likely to join the reintroduced sheep in an effort by the goats to meet gregarious urges. The spatial model was more reassuring. It predicted that FMD would die out in a mixed sheep and feral goat population in less than 90 days because of the low rate of herd to herd contact and herd to flock contact. For similar environments, the contingency planning consequences are that an outbreak of FMD introduced into feral goats from sympatric sheep is likely to be containable by removing all the sheep, determining the extent and likely range of the feral goats, then removing a substantial proportion of or eradicating each herd. Feral goats, being relatively sedentary, are unlikely to spread to adjacent populations and the disease will die out through lack of contact between herds and populations. Because feral goat home ranges overlap and are centred on one or two small catchments, a containment ring of feral goat control, set to encompass the home range of a target herd and that of adjacent herds, should be adequate to limit spread of FMD.

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26

McMahon, Connor. "Anthelmintic resistance in parasites of sheep in Northern Ireland and the strategic control of parasitic diseases". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678215.

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Parasites of livestock have major negative economic impacts worldwide; as such, enhanced control of key parasitic diseases would augment farm profitability. However, control has been complicated in recent years through the advent of resistance to commonly used anthelmintic drugs. With the emergence of helminth populations resistant to four of the five major classes of anthelmintic drugs comes the need to develop sustainable control strategies for animal welfare. The first steps in developing future control strategies are; the quantification of the prevalence of resistance within a geographical area, and, investigations on the ways in which such levels of resistance have arisen. The aims of this Thesis were - 1. To investigate the prevalence of Anthelmintic Resistance (AR) in sheep flocks in NI; 2. To examine potential management factors associated with the development of AR; and 3. To attempt to identify non-operational factors which may exacerbate the development of AR. As the levels of AR are most pronounced in small ruminants, the majority of work was undertaken in sheep. Many of the management practices that select for AR in ovine nematodes are conserved between bovine, porcine and avian parasites; as such, data collated in this Thesis will have relevance to all animal enterprises within the Agri-Food industry of NI. Included within this Thesis are - 1. The the results of two Questionnaire surveys which detail the methods used to control gastrointestinal nematode, trematode and cestode species parasitising sheep flocks; 2. The results of three coprological surveys investigating anthelmintic treatment efficacy in controlling nematodiasis, fasciolosis and trichostrongylosis/teladorsagiosis; and, 3. The publications which came about through the completion of the above. All research was carried out in the Parasitology laboratory, Veterinary Sciences Divison, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, during the years of 2010 - 2013.

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27

Lutje, Vittoria. "Proliferative and antibody responses induced by pokeweed mitogen, sheep erythrocytes and ovalbumin in bovine leukocyte populations and the cellular interactions involved". Thesis, Brunel University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280691.

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28

Rogers, Michaela G. "Effect of monensin supplementation on ruminal and postruminal digestion in sheep and on adaptation of ruminal microbes". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49879.

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Three experiments were conducted to examine the effects of an ionophore, monensin sodium, on digestion in sheep. The first experiment was concerning alterations induced by long-term supplementation and subsequent withdrawal of the ionophore. The diet was a pelleted mixture of 43% native prairie hay, 34% corn grain, and 21% lupin grain plus 100 g wheat straw. Monensin (33 ppm) was added to the diet of four wethers, and four other animals served as controls and consumed an identical diet. without monensin. Monensin supplementation increased (P <.05) ruminal propionate while decreasing (P <.05) acetate levels throughout the 146-d experiment. Withdrawal caused acetate to return to control levels but decreased (P <.05) propionate. During ionophore supplementation, the digestibilities of organic matter (OM) and dry matter (DM) were increased (P <.05) by an average of 8 and 9%, respectively. Apparent digestibility ' of N was increased from 75 to 77% after 19 d of supplementation. There was an augmentation (P <.05) in the flow of bacterial N at the duodenum after 96 d of supplementation. This effect disappeared with ionophore withdrawal. In a second experiment, the effect of monensin on postruminal digestion was examined in three trials with six wethers. There were three treatments: control, dietary monensin, and monensin infused into the duodenum. The diets were the same as in the previous experiment. Dietary monensin caused the same changes in ruminal VFA as in the previous experiment. Infused monensin had no effect on VFA. Dietary monensin increased (P <.05) trypsin activity at the ileum. Dietary ionophore did not alter nutrient digestibilities, but shifted (P <.O5) the site of OM and DM digestion from the cecum to before the terminal ileum by 14 and 10%, respectively. In an in vitro experiment rumen contents from monensin-adapted and nonadapted sheep were compared with and without additional ionophore in a 6 h incubation system. Rumen contents from adapted sheep did not differ from contents of nonadapted sheep in the quantity of microbial N synthesized. With monensin addition to the incubation, microbial synthesis dropped by 49% in nonadapted microorganisms. In adapted contents, the decrease in synthesis was only 9%. Monensin-adapted microbes degraded (P <.O1) more protein substrate than those which were not adapted.
Ph. D.
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29

Oslington, Gabrielle Ruth. "A study in ovine balano posthitis". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1997. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24745.

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Ovine balano posthitis is a disease of wethers in the high rainfall areas on the eastern coast of Australia, particularly prevalent amongst sheep grazing leguminous pasture. The condition was extensively studied between 1959 and 1970, at which time three causal factors, namely a high protein diet, low levels of testosterone and the presence of the urease positive bacterium Corynebacterium rena/e, were recognised. In the intervening years there has been a change in speciation of the designated causal organism, and a rising interest in the control of bacterial diseases by vaccination. Consequently a study of the bacteriology of the ovine prepuce, the classification of potential organisms, and the development of vaccines was the focus of this project. This study commenced with a comparison of the aerobic and the anaerobic flora collected from the prepuce of healthy wethers and of wethers with severe posthitis kept in similar field conditions. Flora collected from anaerobically incubated plates was similar for the diseased and healthy sheep, as was the flora from the aerobically incubated plates with the chief exception being the total colony numbers from the plates from the diseased prepuce being more that twice those form healthy prepuces. No swabs, from either healthy or diseased animals, had the same or similar groups of organisms. Organisms collected were predominantly Gram positive cocci, with occasional Gram positive rods. Gram negative organisms were rare. The project established a non-invasive challenge system to monitor changes in preputial flora during disease progression, and to allow the testing of vaccines. This system involved increasing the dietary protein of the sheep by feeding of either whole lupins alone, or ground lupins, soya been mean and lucerne chaff. Balano posthitis was observed in approximately fifty percent of wethers on these diets, however disease severity remained low in most cases. The introduction of the high protein diet caused a decrease in the range of bacteria observed, and the frequency of isolation of Gram positive rods, and an increase in the frequency of isolation of Gram positive cocci. Despite the additional protein in the diet, there was no increase in the frequency of isolation of urease positive organisms. Urease positive organisms were generally Gram negative rods prior to the introduction of the high protein diet, and Gram positive rods after the dietary change. Repetitive sampling showed weekly variation in the flora of an individual sheep Urease positive organisms similar to Corynebacterium rena/e were regularly associated with sheep with posthitis, but did not necessarily appear at the same time or prior to the first appearance of the preputial lesion.

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30

Farooq, Muhammad. "Use of Drosophila melanogaster to model ovine prion disease". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610654.

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31

Marcondes, Julio Simões. "Estudo clínico-citológico em ovinos sadios e portadores de afecções pulmonares de ocorrência natural, utilizando-se o lavado traqueobrônquico como auxílio diagnóstico /". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89097.

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Orientador: Roberto Calderon Gonçalves
Banca: Alice Maria Melville Paiva
Banca: Simone Biagio Chiacchio
Resumo: Os estudos das secreções traqueobrônquicas são amplamente utilizados nas pesquisas de condições patológicas pulmonares nas diversas espécies animais, inclusive no homem. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram a viabilização da técnica de colheita de lavado traqueobrônquico na espécie ovina e o estudo da relação clínico-citológica do lavado de ovinos portadores de afecções respiratórias e clinicamente sadios. Foram utilizados neste estudo 19 ovinos sem sintomatologia respiratória e 23 portadores de enfermidade respiratória com sinais clínicos e envolvimento de vias aéreas, divididos nos respectivos grupos. Após o exame físico foi realizado o lavado traqueobrônquico por via nasotraqueal. A colheita do lavado foi feita com a inoculação e aspiração de solução fisiológica estéril. As amostras foram processadas citologicamente através de citocentrifugação e coradas pelos métodos Giemsa, Shorr e Gram. Nos animais sadios notou-se predomínio de macrófagos, seguido por células epiteliais cilíndricas, neutrófilos e linfócitos. No grupo de animais doentes notou-se redução no número de macrófagos e aumento da freqüência cardíaca. Embora não tenha ocorrido diferença estatística significativa entre os grupos avaliados, notou-se tendência ao aumento de neutrófilos nos animais doentes. A técnica estudada mostrou-se eficaz na obtenção de fluidos traqueobrônquicos, por ser de fácil realização por médicos veterinários no campo, pouco dispendiosa, e obter material representativo da região traqueobrônquica.
Abstract: The studies of the tracheobrochial secretions are very useful in the research of the lung pathological conditions in different animal's species and in humans. The purposes of this research are to enable the collection technique of the tracheobronchial lavage in ovine and the study of the clinical cytology relationship of the lavage in ovines with respiratory disease and clinically healthy. In this study there were used 19 ovines without respiratory symptoms and 23 with respiratory disease with symptoms and airway involvement, separated in respective groups. After physical examination the tracheobronchial lavage was performed by nasotracheal via. The tracheobronchial lavage was performed by injection and aspiration of sterile saline. Cytology of the samples was proceeding by centrifugation and collored by Giemsa, Shorr and Gram methods. In the healthy animals was noted prevalence of macrophages, followed by cylindric epithelial cells, neutrophils and lymphocytes. In the ill animals group there was reduction in the macrophages and higher heart rate. Despite there was no considerable statistic difference between the analyzed groups, a tendency in the increase of the neutrophils number in the ill group was noted. The evaluated technical showed itself to be efficient to obtain tracheobronchial fluid, considering its easy proceeding by veterinarians in the field, no expensive and obtaining representative volume of the samples from the tracheobronchial region.
Mestre

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32

Marcondes, Julio Simões [UNESP]. "Estudo clínico-citológico em ovinos sadios e portadores de afecções pulmonares de ocorrência natural, utilizando-se o lavado traqueobrônquico como auxílio diagnóstico". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89097.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Os estudos das secreções traqueobrônquicas são amplamente utilizados nas pesquisas de condições patológicas pulmonares nas diversas espécies animais, inclusive no homem. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram a viabilização da técnica de colheita de lavado traqueobrônquico na espécie ovina e o estudo da relação clínico-citológica do lavado de ovinos portadores de afecções respiratórias e clinicamente sadios. Foram utilizados neste estudo 19 ovinos sem sintomatologia respiratória e 23 portadores de enfermidade respiratória com sinais clínicos e envolvimento de vias aéreas, divididos nos respectivos grupos. Após o exame físico foi realizado o lavado traqueobrônquico por via nasotraqueal. A colheita do lavado foi feita com a inoculação e aspiração de solução fisiológica estéril. As amostras foram processadas citologicamente através de citocentrifugação e coradas pelos métodos Giemsa, Shorr e Gram. Nos animais sadios notou-se predomínio de macrófagos, seguido por células epiteliais cilíndricas, neutrófilos e linfócitos. No grupo de animais doentes notou-se redução no número de macrófagos e aumento da freqüência cardíaca. Embora não tenha ocorrido diferença estatística significativa entre os grupos avaliados, notou-se tendência ao aumento de neutrófilos nos animais doentes. A técnica estudada mostrou-se eficaz na obtenção de fluidos traqueobrônquicos, por ser de fácil realização por médicos veterinários no campo, pouco dispendiosa, e obter material representativo da região traqueobrônquica.
The studies of the tracheobrochial secretions are very useful in the research of the lung pathological conditions in different animal's species and in humans. The purposes of this research are to enable the collection technique of the tracheobronchial lavage in ovine and the study of the clinical cytology relationship of the lavage in ovines with respiratory disease and clinically healthy. In this study there were used 19 ovines without respiratory symptoms and 23 with respiratory disease with symptoms and airway involvement, separated in respective groups. After physical examination the tracheobronchial lavage was performed by nasotracheal via. The tracheobronchial lavage was performed by injection and aspiration of sterile saline. Cytology of the samples was proceeding by centrifugation and collored by Giemsa, Shorr and Gram methods. In the healthy animals was noted prevalence of macrophages, followed by cylindric epithelial cells, neutrophils and lymphocytes. In the ill animals group there was reduction in the macrophages and higher heart rate. Despite there was no considerable statistic difference between the analyzed groups, a tendency in the increase of the neutrophils number in the ill group was noted. The evaluated technical showed itself to be efficient to obtain tracheobronchial fluid, considering its easy proceeding by veterinarians in the field, no expensive and obtaining representative volume of the samples from the tracheobronchial region.

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Collini, Margherita. "New molecular tools for the study of the sheep tick (I. ricinus L.): development, application and epidemiological implications". Doctoral thesis, country:IT, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10449/26092.

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The sheep tick, Ixodes ricinus, is the most important zoonotic vector in Europe; its dispersal potential and the relative importance of various vertebrate hosts it exploits, both essential to understand emergence of tick-borne diseases are virtually unknown. I applied two molecular approaches to 30 I. ricinus populations in the Province of Trento, Italy. A novel bloodmeal analysis Real-time HRMA protocol was developed and tested on questing nymphs. RAD-Seq was used for the first time on I. ricinus to individually genotype SNP loci in adult ticks. Bloodmeal analysis confirmed that rodents feed about 30% of tick larvae, but also illustrate that large mammals play a central role in feeding larval ticks. Since birds also feed about 15% ticks, the results of this analysis imply that larval ticks are carried long distances by their hosts; hence dispersal potential is high. In fact, population genetics support that investigated alpine populations are genetically admixed, confirming other phylogenetic studies showing that panmixia of I. ricinus population is a general phenomenon. This is the first study showing that dogs are important sheep tick hosts. As dogs feed a higher proportion of ticks in peri-urban forest, they may enhance the contact rate between human and infected ticks, by bringing them into human habitations and urban parks. My results have added new knowledge to tick dispersal and host use, which will be used to improve models of the spread of I. ricinus, and related pathogens, in new climatically suitable areas. My novel bloodmeal analysis protocol, which eliminates previous problems of contamination, could help to identify and explain local TBD dynamics in other areas of the EU

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Rissi, Daniel Ricardo. "Doenças de ovinos no sul do Brasil". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4043.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
An 18-year (1990-2007) database search in the files of the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria was carried out. In this period, 19,476 exams in domestic animals were done. Out of these exams, 6,816 (34.9%) were necropsies and 12,660 (65.1%) were performed in mailed in samples by practitioners who had necropsied the animals in their private practices. Experimental cases were excluded from this study and corresponded to 54 necropsies and 15 histopathologic exams. After the exclusion 354 (5.1%) necropsies and 163 (1.2%) histopathologic exams resulted in sheep. Out of these, 265 (74.8%) cases in the group of necropsies and 96 (59%) in the group of the histopathologic exams had conclusive diagnosis. The resulting 361 conclusive cases were grouped according to the etiology: 150 (41.6%) cases of intoxications or toxi-infections; 139 (39.3%) cases of infectious and parasitary diseases; 31 (8.6%) of metabolic and nutritional diseases; 13 (3.6%) cases of neoplasms and neoplasm-like lesions; 7 (1.9%)cases of diseases caused by physical agents; 6 (1.7%) cases of iatrogenic conditions; and 4 (1.1%) of developmental diseases. Eight cases did not fit in any of the above categories and were grouped under the denomination of other conditions . Hemonchosis and poisoning by Nierembergia veitchii were the most prevalent diseases in sheep during the 18 years of this study.
Foram pesquisados os arquivos do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria e revisados os diagnósticos de doenças de ovinos realizados entre 1990 e 2007. No período estudado foram realizados 19.476 exames de animais domésticos. Desses, 6.816 (34,9%) correspondiam a necropsias e 12.660 (65,1%) a exames histopatológicos realizados em materiais enviados por veterinários de campo. Cinquenta e quatro casos de necropsias e 15 casos de exames histopatológicos em ovinos correspondiam a experimentos e foram excluídos do estudo. Após essa exclusão foram obtidas 354 (5,1%) necropsias e 163 (1,2%) exames histopatológicos de ovinos. O diagnóstico foi conclusivo em 265 (74,8%) casos de necropsias e em 96 (59%) casos dos exames histopatológicos, somando 361 casos conclusivos. Esses casos foram divididos em grupos conforme a etiologia: 150 casos (41,6%) de intoxicações e toxi-infecções; 139 casos (39,3%) de doenças infecciosas e parasitárias; 31 casos (8,6%) de doenças metabólicas e nutricionais; 13 casos (3,6%) de neoplasmas e lesões tumoriformes; sete casos (1,9%) de distúrbios causados por agentes físicos; seis casos (1,7%) de distúrbios iatrogênicos; e quatro casos (1,1%) de distúrbios do desenvolvimento. Oito casos (2,2%) foram classificados em outros distúrbios por não se enquadrarem em nenhum dos outros grupos. Hemoncose e intoxicação por Nierembergia veitchii foram as doenças mais importantes para ovinos nesses 18 anos.

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Mapiliyao, Luke. "Sheep production practices, flock dynamics, body condition and weight variation in two ecologically different resource-poor communal farming systems". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/340.

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The objective of this study was to determine sheep production practices, constraints, flock dynamics, body condition and weight variation in two ecologically different resource-poor communal farming systems of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Mean sheep flock sizes per household were not significantly different between the two ecologically different areas (villages); Gaga (19.0±3.10) and Sompondo (18.3±3.10). Shortage of feed, disease and parasite were reported the most important constraints across the two villages. In both villages, sheep housing was poorly constructed using acacia brushwoods. Fewer farmers owned rams: the rams to ewes ratio for the two villages were 1:20, 1:19 for Gaga and Sompondo, respectively. The low ram: ewe ratios reported suggest that inbreeding might have been reducing productivity of their flocks. There was also uncontrolled breeding due to undefined and mating seasons. Gall sickness, heart water and footrot caused most of the sheep mortalities. Dohne Merinos were the common genotypes in the two villages. Total entrances for each flock were higher (p < 0.05) in hot-dry season and hot-wet season than in other seasons. Most of the entrances were lambs and were born in hot-dry season (September) and cool-dry season (June) for larger flocks (10.90 ± 3.02) and for small flocks (3.65 ± 3.02). High lamb mortalities were experienced in the post-rainy (April) and hot-wet (December) season. There was a significant interaction between season and flock size. Most of the sales occurred in the hot-wet season. Ecological area had significant effect on sheep production potential (p < 0.05) in both flock classes. The average sheep production efficiency (SPE) value for Gaga and Sompondo were 0.50 ± 0.116 and 0.50 ± 0.096 respectively. The SPE for large flock was higher (p < 0.05) by season and flock size. Large flocks had a higher (p < 0.05) SPE values and the SPE ranged from 1.11 ± 0.193 in April, a post-rainy season month to 1.55 ± 0.193 in December, a hot-wet season month. Lamb mortalities constituted the greater part of outflows. High lamb mortalities occurred in hot-wet (December), hot-dry (September) and post-rainy (April) seasons. There was a significant interaction between season and age of sheep on body weight of sheep. Highest (p < 0.05) body weights were recorded in the post-rainy and autumn season in both lambs and ewes. It is therefore very important to come up with affordable interventions which take into play ecological differences of the areas for improved nutritional status of sheep in communal areas which will lead to improved sheep productivity and the poor-resourced farmer human nutritional and livelihood.

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Githiori, John B. "Evaluation of anthelmintic properties of ethnoveterinary plant preparations used as livestock dewormers by pastoralists and small holder farmers in Kenya /". Uppsala : Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/v173.pdf.

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Ferreira, Danilo Otávio Laurenti [UNESP]. "Modelo experimental de urolitíase em ovinos: estudo clinico, laboratorial e hemogasométrico". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101283.

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A urolitíase obstrutiva apresenta elevada incidência em ovinos, principalmente nos animais confinados, e sua etiologia é multifatorial. Estudos relativos à litogênese, diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção são necessários e tem aplicabilidade direta na produção intensiva de cordeiros. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi desenvolver um modelo experimental para estudo da urolitíase em ovinos. De modo específico, pretendeu-se testar este modelo por avaliações laboratoriais (urinálise, hemogasometria, dosagem sérica de ureia e creatinina), confirmação do diagnóstico por exame ultrassonográfico e identificação dos tipos de cálculo (análise química). Utilizaram-se 100 ovinos, machos, com idade aproximada de três meses, confinados, divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos: Grupo I (n=40) 400mg/kg/PV de cloreto de amônio/animal/dia por 21 dias consecutivos; Grupo II (n=40) 400mg/kg/PV de cloreto de amônio/animal/dia por 42 dias consecutivos; Grupo III (n=20) controle, não recebeu cloreto de amônio. O cloreto de amônio foi adicionado no cocho junto com a ração total, que era constituída de 85% de concentrado e 15% de feno triturado de Coast-cross. Os Momentos (M) de colheita de amostras e avaliação clínica foram realizados com intervalo de sete dias, sendo M0 (imediatamente antes do início do tratamento com cloreto de amônio), M1 (sete dias após), M2, M3 (suspensão do cloreto de amônio em GI), M4, M5 e M6, totalizando 56 dias de confinamento. Colheram-se amostras de urina e de sangue total de todos os animais, nos diferentes momentos, para urinálise, hemogasometria e dosagem sérica de ureia e creatinina. Procedeu-se avaliação ultrassonográfica dos rins e da bexiga e, o exame físico dos animais em todos os momentos. Recuperaram-se cálculos no post-mortem após o final de experimento, que foram enviados para análise química...
The obstructive urolithiasis has the highest incidence in sheep, especially in confined animals, and its etiology is multifactorial. Studies on lithogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention are needed and have direct applicability in intensive production of lambs. The aim of this study was to assemble an experimental model for the study of urolithiasis in sheep. Specifically, it was intended to test this model through laboratory evaluations (urinalysis, blood gas analysis, serum urea and creatinine), confirmation of diagnosis by ultrasound examination and identification of the types of calculi (chemical analysis). It was used 100 male feedlot sheep, aged approximately three months, randomly divided into three groups: Group I (n=40) - 400mg/kg/PV of ammonium chloride/animal/day for 21 consecutive days; Group II (n=40) - 400mg/kg/PV of ammonium chloride/animal/day for 42 consecutive days; Group III (n=20) - control, the animals did not receive ammonium chloride. Ammonium chloride was added in the trough along with the total ration , that was constituted by 85% of concentrate and 15 % of Coast-cross's hay triturated. The moments (M) of samples and clinical evaluation were performed with an interval of seven days, M0 (immediately prior to initiation of treatment with ammonium chloride, 15 days of feedlot), M1, M2, M3 (suspension of ammonium chloride in GI, 35 days of feedlot), M4, M5 and M6 (total 56 days of feedlot). Urine and whole blood samples were taken from all animals at different times, for urinalysis, blood gas analysis and serum urea and creatinine dosage. Ultrasound evaluation of the kidneys and bladder, and physical examination of animals were performed at all moments. Calculi were recovered in the post-mortem after the end of the experiment, which were sent for chemical analysis. In urinalysis, GIII did not showed cylinders... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Ferreira, Danilo Otávio Laurenti. "Modelo experimental de urolitíase em ovinos : estudo clinico, laboratorial e hemogasométrico /". Botucatu, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101283.

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Orientador: Roberto Calderon Gonçalves
Banca: Simone Biagio Chiacchio
Banca: Rogério Martins Amorim
Banca: Luiz Claudio Nogueira Mendes
Banca: Júlio Augusto Naylor Lisboa
Resumo: A urolitíase obstrutiva apresenta elevada incidência em ovinos, principalmente nos animais confinados, e sua etiologia é multifatorial. Estudos relativos à litogênese, diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção são necessários e tem aplicabilidade direta na produção intensiva de cordeiros. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi desenvolver um modelo experimental para estudo da urolitíase em ovinos. De modo específico, pretendeu-se testar este modelo por avaliações laboratoriais (urinálise, hemogasometria, dosagem sérica de ureia e creatinina), confirmação do diagnóstico por exame ultrassonográfico e identificação dos tipos de cálculo (análise química). Utilizaram-se 100 ovinos, machos, com idade aproximada de três meses, confinados, divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos: Grupo I (n=40) 400mg/kg/PV de cloreto de amônio/animal/dia por 21 dias consecutivos; Grupo II (n=40) 400mg/kg/PV de cloreto de amônio/animal/dia por 42 dias consecutivos; Grupo III (n=20) controle, não recebeu cloreto de amônio. O cloreto de amônio foi adicionado no cocho junto com a ração total, que era constituída de 85% de concentrado e 15% de feno triturado de Coast-cross. Os Momentos (M) de colheita de amostras e avaliação clínica foram realizados com intervalo de sete dias, sendo M0 (imediatamente antes do início do tratamento com cloreto de amônio), M1 (sete dias após), M2, M3 (suspensão do cloreto de amônio em GI), M4, M5 e M6, totalizando 56 dias de confinamento. Colheram-se amostras de urina e de sangue total de todos os animais, nos diferentes momentos, para urinálise, hemogasometria e dosagem sérica de ureia e creatinina. Procedeu-se avaliação ultrassonográfica dos rins e da bexiga e, o exame físico dos animais em todos os momentos. Recuperaram-se cálculos no post-mortem após o final de experimento, que foram enviados para análise química... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The obstructive urolithiasis has the highest incidence in sheep, especially in confined animals, and its etiology is multifactorial. Studies on lithogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention are needed and have direct applicability in intensive production of lambs. The aim of this study was to assemble an experimental model for the study of urolithiasis in sheep. Specifically, it was intended to test this model through laboratory evaluations (urinalysis, blood gas analysis, serum urea and creatinine), confirmation of diagnosis by ultrasound examination and identification of the types of calculi (chemical analysis). It was used 100 male feedlot sheep, aged approximately three months, randomly divided into three groups: Group I (n=40) - 400mg/kg/PV of ammonium chloride/animal/day for 21 consecutive days; Group II (n=40) - 400mg/kg/PV of ammonium chloride/animal/day for 42 consecutive days; Group III (n=20) - control, the animals did not receive ammonium chloride. Ammonium chloride was added in the trough along with the total ration , that was constituted by 85% of concentrate and 15 % of Coast-cross's hay triturated. The moments (M) of samples and clinical evaluation were performed with an interval of seven days, M0 (immediately prior to initiation of treatment with ammonium chloride, 15 days of feedlot), M1, M2, M3 (suspension of ammonium chloride in GI, 35 days of feedlot), M4, M5 and M6 (total 56 days of feedlot). Urine and whole blood samples were taken from all animals at different times, for urinalysis, blood gas analysis and serum urea and creatinine dosage. Ultrasound evaluation of the kidneys and bladder, and physical examination of animals were performed at all moments. Calculi were recovered in the post-mortem after the end of the experiment, which were sent for chemical analysis. In urinalysis, GIII did not showed cylinders... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Costa, Kizzy Millenn de Freitas Mendonça. "Perfil Hematológico e Bioquímico Sérico de Ovinos Infectados com Nematóides e Medicados com Ivermectina e Closantel". Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2011. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/327.

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Despite its known resistance, the sheep are subject to endoparasitoses, which are the main limiting factor for its production worldwide, especially in tropical regions. This study aims to evaluate the changes in parasitic load, serum biochemical and hematological panel, and Famacha scores of mixed-bred sheep naturally infected with nematodes and treated with ivermectin and closantel. The study was conducted at July 2010, in a farm in the municipality of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. We selected 41 animals were divided into three groups: group I- control (without treatment), group II- treated with ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg), and Group III- treated with closantel (5 mg/kg). Stool samples were collected on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 after treatment for quantitative analysis (EPG) and qualitative analysis (stool culture), we used samples from days 0, 14 and 21. The first blood sample was given on day 0, the second and third 24 and 72 hours after the first, respectively the fourth and fifth 7 and 14 days after the first of which analyzed the blood count, serum total protein, albumin and globulins, and albumin/globulins ratio. Famacha scores were determined the degree of each animal at all times of sampling. Closantel administration was effective for the reduction of parasite counts, especially Haemonchus contortus, in evaluated sheep. On the other hand, there was parasite resistance to ivermectin. Famacha data showed negative correlation with packed cell volume, leukocytes, hemoglobin, albumin, total protein, globulin and albumin/globulin ratio. The packed cell volume showed a strong and positive correlation with hemoglobin, albumin and total protein. Treatment with ivermectin and closantel were not responsible for considerable changes in hematological and biochemical parameters evaluated.
Apesar de sua conhecida resistência, os ovinos estão sujeitos as endoparasitoses, sendo este o principal fator limitante para a sua produção em todo o mundo, especialmente em regiões tropicais. Este trabalho objetiva avaliar a carga parasitária, o perfil hematológico e bioquímico sérico, e o grau Famacha de ovinos sem padrão racial definido infectados e tratados com ivermectina e closantel. O trabalho foi realizado no mês de julho de 2010, numa propriedade rural no município de Mossoró-RN. Foram selecionados 41 animais, os quais foram divididos em três grupos: grupo I- controle (sem tratamento), grupo II- tratado com ivermectina (0,2 mg/kg) e Grupo III- tratado com closantel (5 mg/kg). As amostras de fezes foram coletadas nos dias 0, 7, 14 e 21, pós-tratamento para análise quantitativa (OPG) e para análise qualitativa (coprocultura), foram utilizadas amostras nos dias 0, 14 e 21. A primeira coleta de sangue se deu no dia 0, a segunda e a terceira 24 e 72 horas após a primeira, respectivamente, a quarta e a quinta 7 e 14 dias após a primeira, dos quais foram analisados o hemograma, os níveis séricos de proteínas totais, albumina e globulinas, e a relação albumina/globulinas. Foi determinado o grau de anemia pelo método Famacha de cada animal em todos os momentos de coleta de amostras. O tratamento com closantel foi eficaz na redução da carga parasitária, principalmente Haemonchus contortus, nos ovinos avaliados. Por outro lado, houve resistência dos parasitas à ivermectina. Os dados de Famacha apresentaram correlação negativa com volume globular, leucócitos, hemoglobina, albumina, proteínas totais, globulinas e relação albumina/globulinas. O volume globular apresentou uma correlação forte e positiva com hemoglobina, albumina e proteínas totais. Os tratamentos com closantel e ivermectina não foram responsáveis por alterações consideráveis nos parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos avaliados.

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Fornazari, Felipe [UNESP]. "Comparação de técnicas no diagnóstico da infecção leptospírica em ovinos e implicações na saúde pública". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98317.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A leptospirose é uma enfermidade infecto-contagiosa, de caráter zoonótico, que possui grande importância mundial. É causada por diversas espécies de bactérias patogênicas do gênero Leptospira, ocorrendo com maior frequência em regiões tropicais com condições sanitárias precárias. A infecção ocorre pelo contato direto ou indireto com a urina de animais infectados, e pode variar de assintomática até quadros clínicos graves que causam a morte. A leptospirose em ovinos é responsável por queda na produção animal, e por riscos para a saúde pública. O desenvolvimento de técnicas de diagnóstico permite identificar animais doentes, auxiliando no tratamento precoce, controle de reservatórios, e na prevenção da enfermidade. O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal comparar diferentes técnicas de diagnóstico na leptospirose em ovinos. Amostras de rim, fígado e sangue foram coletadas de 465 animais provenientes de um abatedouro. O soro foi submetido à Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM), e as amostras de rim e fígado dos animais soropositivos foram individualmente analisadas por quatro técnicas: cultivo bacteriano, técnica de Warthin Starry (WS), PCR convencional (PCR) e PCR quantitativa (qPCR). Amostras teciduais de 15 ovinos soronegativos, escolhidos aleatoriamente, foram utilizadas como controles negativos. No exame sorológico 21 animais foram positivos (4,5%) para os sorovares Hardjo (n=12), Hebdomadis (n=5), Sentot (n=2), Wolfii (n=1) e Shermani (n=1). Os títulos apresentados foram 100 (n=10), 200 (n=2), 400 (n=6) e 1600 (n=3). No cultivo bacteriano nenhum animal apresentou resultado positivo; na técnica de WS quatro animais foram positivos em amostras de rim, e nenhum de fígado; na PCR seis animais foram positivos em amostras de rim, e nenhum de fígado; e na qPCR 11 animais foram positivos, 8 em amostras...
Leptospirosis is an infectious disease, of zoonotic character, which has great importance worldwide. It is caused by several species of pathogenic bacteria of Leptospira genera, occurring more frequently in tropical regions with poor sanitary conditions. The infection occurs by direct or indirect contact with urine of infected animals, and can vary from asymptomatic to severe clinical pictures that lead to death. Leptospirosis in sheep is responsible for decrease in animal production, and for risks in public health. The development of diagnostic techniques allows to identifying sick animals, assisting in early treatment, reservoirs control, and disease prevention. The present study had as main objective to compare different techniques of leptospirosis diagnostic in sheep. Samples of kidney, liver and blood were collected from 465 animals originated from a slaughterhouse. The sera were submitted to Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT), and kidney and liver samples of seropositive animals were individually analyzed by four techniques: bacteriological culture, Warthin Starry (WS) technique, conventional PCR (PCR), and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Tissue samples from 15 seronegative sheep, chosen randomly, were used as negative controls. In serologic exam 21 animals were positive (4.5%) to serovars Hardjo (n=12), Hebdomadis (n=5), Sentot (n=2), Wolfii (n=1) and Shermani (n=1). The titers presented were 100 (n=10), 200 (n=2), 400 (n=6) and 1600 (n=3). In bacteriologic culture no animal presented positive result; in WS technique four animals were positive in kidney samples, and none in liver; in PCR six animals were positive in kidney samples, and none in liver; and in qPCR 11 animals were positive, 8 in kidney samples and three in liver samples. The bacterial quantification resulting from qPCR revealed median of 4.32 bacteria/μL in liver... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Fornazari, Felipe. "Comparação de técnicas no diagnóstico da infecção leptospírica em ovinos e implicações na saúde pública /". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98317.

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Orientador: Helio Langoni
Banca: Jane Megid
Banca: Márcia Marinho
Resumo: A leptospirose é uma enfermidade infecto-contagiosa, de caráter zoonótico, que possui grande importância mundial. É causada por diversas espécies de bactérias patogênicas do gênero Leptospira, ocorrendo com maior frequência em regiões tropicais com condições sanitárias precárias. A infecção ocorre pelo contato direto ou indireto com a urina de animais infectados, e pode variar de assintomática até quadros clínicos graves que causam a morte. A leptospirose em ovinos é responsável por queda na produção animal, e por riscos para a saúde pública. O desenvolvimento de técnicas de diagnóstico permite identificar animais doentes, auxiliando no tratamento precoce, controle de reservatórios, e na prevenção da enfermidade. O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal comparar diferentes técnicas de diagnóstico na leptospirose em ovinos. Amostras de rim, fígado e sangue foram coletadas de 465 animais provenientes de um abatedouro. O soro foi submetido à Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM), e as amostras de rim e fígado dos animais soropositivos foram individualmente analisadas por quatro técnicas: cultivo bacteriano, técnica de Warthin Starry (WS), PCR convencional (PCR) e PCR quantitativa (qPCR). Amostras teciduais de 15 ovinos soronegativos, escolhidos aleatoriamente, foram utilizadas como controles negativos. No exame sorológico 21 animais foram positivos (4,5%) para os sorovares Hardjo (n=12), Hebdomadis (n=5), Sentot (n=2), Wolfii (n=1) e Shermani (n=1). Os títulos apresentados foram 100 (n=10), 200 (n=2), 400 (n=6) e 1600 (n=3). No cultivo bacteriano nenhum animal apresentou resultado positivo; na técnica de WS quatro animais foram positivos em amostras de rim, e nenhum de fígado; na PCR seis animais foram positivos em amostras de rim, e nenhum de fígado; e na qPCR 11 animais foram positivos, 8 em amostras... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Leptospirosis is an infectious disease, of zoonotic character, which has great importance worldwide. It is caused by several species of pathogenic bacteria of Leptospira genera, occurring more frequently in tropical regions with poor sanitary conditions. The infection occurs by direct or indirect contact with urine of infected animals, and can vary from asymptomatic to severe clinical pictures that lead to death. Leptospirosis in sheep is responsible for decrease in animal production, and for risks in public health. The development of diagnostic techniques allows to identifying sick animals, assisting in early treatment, reservoirs control, and disease prevention. The present study had as main objective to compare different techniques of leptospirosis diagnostic in sheep. Samples of kidney, liver and blood were collected from 465 animals originated from a slaughterhouse. The sera were submitted to Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT), and kidney and liver samples of seropositive animals were individually analyzed by four techniques: bacteriological culture, Warthin Starry (WS) technique, conventional PCR (PCR), and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Tissue samples from 15 seronegative sheep, chosen randomly, were used as negative controls. In serologic exam 21 animals were positive (4.5%) to serovars Hardjo (n=12), Hebdomadis (n=5), Sentot (n=2), Wolfii (n=1) and Shermani (n=1). The titers presented were 100 (n=10), 200 (n=2), 400 (n=6) and 1600 (n=3). In bacteriologic culture no animal presented positive result; in WS technique four animals were positive in kidney samples, and none in liver; in PCR six animals were positive in kidney samples, and none in liver; and in qPCR 11 animals were positive, 8 in kidney samples and three in liver samples. The bacterial quantification resulting from qPCR revealed median of 4.32 bacteria/μL in liver... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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42

LeShure, Shirron Nicole. "Use of Naturally Occurring Anthelmintics to Control Gastrointestinal Parasites in Small Ruminants". The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397649276.

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43

Mattos, Luiz Henrique Lima de [UNESP]. "Efeito da fototerapia com doidos superluminosos (890nm) na reparação tendínea: modelo experimental em ovinos. -". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88917.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Este projeto teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da fototerapia na cicatrização do tendão usando diodos superluminosos fixados em 890nm. Foram induzidas lesões cirúrgicas de 0,2cm de largura x 0,5cm de comprimento, realizadas no segundo terço do Tendão Flexor Digital Superficial de 10 ovelhas saudáveis que foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo tratado com diodos superluminosos com o comprimento de onda acima mencionado e grupo controle, tratado com placebo. A Cinesioterapia foi realizada em ambos os grupos. Os exames ultrassonográficos Modo B e Doppler foram realizados durante os primeiros 14 dias após a cirurgia e, em seguida, nos dias 21 e 28, a fim de avaliar o processo de cicatrização do tendão. A biópsia foi realizada no dia 28 para avaliar a neovascularização e o padrão tendão de fibra no exame histopatológico. Ausência de claudicação e uma melhoria significativa (p < 0,05) na dor após palpação foram observadas no grupo tratado. Além disso, no modo B foi evidenciada uma redução significativa do edema (p < 0,05) nestes animais. Não foi encontrada diferença estatística em relação à evolução da lesão. Houve diferença histológica (p < 0,05) para a neovascularização no grupo tratado. Fototerapia com diodos superluminosos de 890nm minimiza os efeitos do processo inflamatório
This project aimed to evaluate the effects of phototherapy on tendon healing using superluminous diodes set at 890nm. Surgical lesions were induced by 0.2 cm wide x 0.5 cm long, made in the second third of the superficial digital flexor tendon of 10 healthy sheep were divided into two groups: group treated with superluminous diodes with the wavelength mentioned above and control group treated with placebo. The Kinesiotherapy was performed in both groups. The B mode ultrasound examination and Doppler were performed during the first 14 days after surgery and then on days 21 and 28, to evaluate the healing of the tendon. A biopsy was performed on day 28 to evaluate neovascularization and tendon fiber pattern on histopathological examination. No lameness and a significant improvement (p <0.05) in pain after palpation were observed in the treated group. Furthermore, in the mode B was observed a significant reduction in edema (p <0.05) in these animals. No statistical difference was found in relation to the evolution of the lesion. Significant difference was seen (p <0.05) for neovascularization in the treated group. Phototherapy with 890nm superluminous diodes minimizes the effects of the inflammatory process

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44

Fagundes, Maurício Zacharias. "Intoxicação Espontânea pelo Herbicida Clomazone em Ovinos e Reprodução Experimental da Enfermidade". Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2013. http://dspace.unipampa.edu.br:8080/xmlui/handle/riu/180.

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As neuropatias tóxicas em animais de produção causadas por pesticidas correspondem a um importante grupo de enfermidades degenerativas do sistema nervoso central e periférico. No entanto, pouco se conhece sobre os reais impactos tóxicos de muitos desses produtos em animais e humanos e ao meio ambiente. O clomazone é um herbicida amplamente utilizado na região sul do Brasil por ser potente e supostamente seguro, com baixa toxicidade para animais e humanos. Até o presente não há relatos da intoxicação por esse herbicida em animais domésticos. O presente trabalho relata a intoxicação espontânea e experimental por clomazone em ovinos. De um rebanho com 103 ovinos, 20 animais apresentaram especialmente sinais clínicos neurológicos e respiratórios. A intoxicação foi reproduzida experimentalmente em três ovinos com a administração de 134 mg/kg de peso corporal de clomazone. Tanto nos casos naturais como experimentais o sinais clínicos incluíram taquipnéia, anorexia, apatia e dificuldade de locomoção com debilidade em membros torácicos e pélvicos, além de arrastar de pinças. Macroscopicamente não foram observadas alterações significativas. Microscopicamente, foram observadas especialmente vacuolização em substância branca e alguns vacúolos perineuronais e congestão de vasos das leptomeninges e do neurópilo. Ultraestruturalmente, as alterações vacuolares caracterizaram-se especialmente por tumefação em dendritos e processos astrocitários. A partir dos dados obtidos conclui-se que o clomazone é um agente tóxico capaz de causar neuropatia tóxica em ovinos.
The toxic neuropathies in farm animals caused by pesticides represent an important group of degenerative diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. However, little is known about the real impact of many of these toxic products on animals and humans and to the environment. The clomazone is a herbicide that has been widely used in southern Brazil and includes one of the most potent herbicides and supposedly safe, with low toxicity to animals and humans. To date, there are no reports of this herbicide poisoning in domestic animals. This study describes the spontaneous and experimental poisoning due to clomazone herbicide in sheep. In a flock of 103 sheep, approximately 20 showed clinical signs especially neurological and respiratory. The poisoning was experimentally reproduced in three sheep with the administration of 134mg/kg body weight of clomazone. Both in natural and experimental cases the clinical signs included tachypnea, anorexia, apathy and limited mobility with weakness in forelimbs and hind limbs, drag tweezers, and gait changes. Macroscopically, there were no significant changes. Microscopically, were observed especially vacuolization in the white matter of brain, perineuronal vacuoles and, hyperemia congestion of the leptomeningeal and neuropil vessels. Ultrastructurally, the vacuolar lesions in the brain correspond to dendritic and astrocytic processes swelling. From the data obtained it was concluded that the clomazone is a toxic agent capable of causing toxic neuropathy in sheep.

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45

Anastácio, Pedro Filipe Branco. "Parasitoses gastrointestinais em ovinos em regime extensivo e intensivo em explorações do Ribatejo-Portugal". Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3841.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
As parasitoses e doenças parasitárias dos ovinos são responsáveis por enormes perdas de produção, devidas ao grande impacto, tanto no bem-estar como na saúde animal, causando uma importante diminuição no balanço económico. Na clínica de espécies pecuárias merecem especial atenção as parasitoses por nemátodes, em especial por Estrongilideos Gastrointestinais (EGI) e por coccídias do género Eimeria spp. É essencial o estabelecimento de planos de profilaxia, para manter aceitáveis os níveis de infecção, sendo para tal necessário o conhecimento detalhado das espécies parasitárias envolvidas e respectiva carga e a sua prevalência. Os objectivos deste estudo foram determinar e comparar a frequência das espécies parasitárias existentes em três explorações de ovinos em regime extensivo e intensivo, assim como os níveis de eliminação nas mesmas explorações. Na exploração em regime intensivo, ou seja, de engorda, pretendeu-se também averiguar a eficácia do diclazurilo em tratamentos profiláticos contra infecções naturais de Eimeria spp., assim como a rentabilidade económica da administração de desparasitante, com o intuito de concluir se esta medida profiláctica/terapêutica se traduziria ou não num maior valor de lucro final. Nos ovinos adultos os géneros de nemátodes de EGI mais frequentes foram Trichostrongylus, Teladorsagia e Strongyloides e as espécies de Eimeria spp. mais frequentes foram Eimeria bakuensis, E. ahsata, E. ovinoidalis e E. parva. Os níveis de eliminação mais graves foram observados em animais em período gestacional e puerperal. Nos ovinos jovens, o género de EGI mais frequentes foi Strongyloides e as espécies de Eimeria spp. identificadas com mais frequência foram Eimeria bakuensis, E. ovinoidalis, E. crandallis/weybridgensis e E. parva. Em borregos em extensivo registaram-se maiores valores de eliminação de EGI e menores de oocistos de Eimeria spp. relativamente a borregos em regime intensivo. A administração de desparasitante (diclazurilo e netobimim) provocou uma diminuição considerável nos níveis de infecção, tanto de EGI como de oocistos de Eimeria spp.. Inversamente, a não administração de desparasitante permitiu um aumento das mesmas. Ainda assim, o diclazurilo mostrou ineficácia e o netobimim eficácia duvidosa, através do TRCOF. O grupo ao qual foi administrado desparasitante teve uma maior taxa de crescimento relativamente ao outro grupo, com um maior peso vivo e valor líquido final por animal, estando associado a este procedimento um valor de lucro per capita de 5,23 €.
ABSTRACT - Ovine Gastrointestinal parasitic infections in extensive and intensive sheep farms in Ribatejo – Portugal Sheep parasites and parasitological diseases are responsible for huge production losses, due to their big impact in animal welfare and health, causing an important decrease on the economical balance. In large animal practice, nematode parasites are important, especially Gastrointestinal Strongyles (GIS), and coccidia of genus Eimeria. The establishment of prophylaxis plans is essential to keep acceptable infection levels, being necessary a detailed knowledge about parasitological species involved, as well as their burden and prevalence. The aims of this study were to calculate and compare the frequency of parasitological species present in three different sheep farms in extensive and intensive regimens, as well as the egg shedding levels at the same farms. On the intensive regime holding, i.e., of animal fattening, it was assessed the diclazuril efficacy on prophylaxis treatments against Eimeria spp. natural infections, as well as the economical profitability of anticoccidial drugs administration, to conclude if this prophylactic/therapeutic measure would give a highest final profit. In adult sheep, the most frequent GIS genera were Trichostrongylus, Teladorsagia and Strongyloides. Eimeria bakuensis, E. ahsata, E. ovinoidalis and E. parva were the most frequent species of genus Eimeria. More serious shedding levels were observed in pregnant and puerperal animals. In lambs, the most frequent genus of GIS was Strongyloides and Eimeria bakuensis, E. ovinoidalis, E. crandallis/weybridgensis and E. parva were the most frequent species of Eimeria spp.. Extensive regime lambs registered higher levels of GIS epg and lower levels of Eimeria spp. oocysts when compared with lambs on the intensive regimen. The administration of diclurazil and netobimim caused a considerable reduction of both GIS and Eimeria spp. oocysts infection levels. Inversely, a non-administration allowed an increase of both. However, diclurazil showed low activity and netobimim a doubtful efficacy, using Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT). The diclazuril group showed a higher growth rate when compared with the other group, with a higher live weight and final liquid value per animal, being this procedure associated with a profit of €5,23 per capita.

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46

Mattos, Luiz Henrique Lima de. "Efeito da fototerapia com doidos superluminosos (890nm) na reparação tendínea : modelo experimental em ovinos. -". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88917.

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Orientador: Ana Liz Garcia Alves
Coorientador: Roberto Calderon Gonçalves
Banca: Monica de Oliveira Orsi Gameiro
Banca: Celso Antonio Rodrigues
Resumo: Este projeto teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da fototerapia na cicatrização do tendão usando diodos superluminosos fixados em 890nm. Foram induzidas lesões cirúrgicas de 0,2cm de largura x 0,5cm de comprimento, realizadas no segundo terço do Tendão Flexor Digital Superficial de 10 ovelhas saudáveis que foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo tratado com diodos superluminosos com o comprimento de onda acima mencionado e grupo controle, tratado com placebo. A Cinesioterapia foi realizada em ambos os grupos. Os exames ultrassonográficos Modo B e Doppler foram realizados durante os primeiros 14 dias após a cirurgia e, em seguida, nos dias 21 e 28, a fim de avaliar o processo de cicatrização do tendão. A biópsia foi realizada no dia 28 para avaliar a neovascularização e o padrão tendão de fibra no exame histopatológico. Ausência de claudicação e uma melhoria significativa (p < 0,05) na dor após palpação foram observadas no grupo tratado. Além disso, no modo B foi evidenciada uma redução significativa do edema (p < 0,05) nestes animais. Não foi encontrada diferença estatística em relação à evolução da lesão. Houve diferença histológica (p < 0,05) para a neovascularização no grupo tratado. Fototerapia com diodos superluminosos de 890nm minimiza os efeitos do processo inflamatório
Abstract: This project aimed to evaluate the effects of phototherapy on tendon healing using superluminous diodes set at 890nm. Surgical lesions were induced by 0.2 cm wide x 0.5 cm long, made in the second third of the superficial digital flexor tendon of 10 healthy sheep were divided into two groups: group treated with superluminous diodes with the wavelength mentioned above and control group treated with placebo. The Kinesiotherapy was performed in both groups. The B mode ultrasound examination and Doppler were performed during the first 14 days after surgery and then on days 21 and 28, to evaluate the healing of the tendon. A biopsy was performed on day 28 to evaluate neovascularization and tendon fiber pattern on histopathological examination. No lameness and a significant improvement (p <0.05) in pain after palpation were observed in the treated group. Furthermore, in the mode B was observed a significant reduction in edema (p <0.05) in these animals. No statistical difference was found in relation to the evolution of the lesion. Significant difference was seen (p <0.05) for neovascularization in the treated group. Phototherapy with 890nm superluminous diodes minimizes the effects of the inflammatory process
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47

ARENA, ROBERTO. "ANALISI QUALI-QUANTITATIVA DEL COSTO E DEL RISCHIO PARASSITARIO NELL'ALLEVAMENTO DEGLI ANIMALI DA REDDITO IN ITALIA". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/150092.

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Italian animal husbandry is represented in summary by four distinct areas of production: cattle, pigs, sheep and goat rearing, rabbit and avian breeding. The first three types of production are linked by the presence, at various levels, of parasitic diseases which, although species-specific in most cases, however, find a common denominator in pharmacological intervention strategies against parasites, whether control or treatment, because of the active ingredients for the prevention or the treatment available. The present work is intended to define the characteristics of Italian livestock production and the actual census of the mentioned animal species. Update the knowledge on the presence of parasites in them. Establish, within each sector and type of production, the selection criteria of an anti-parasite strategy and the choice of the class of drugs used. Define the type of active ingredients used, estimating relationships of the various animal species use of those drugs that are more claims approved and registered. Identify the moments in which is normally implemented the anti-parasite treatment and drugs used. Identify any trends or new approaches to preventive treatment or therapy. Estimate the percentage of subjects for animal species and production sector are treated on an annual basis. Estimate the number of doses administered for parasites during the year, considering the cost / benefit ratio to getting an accurate picture of how costs and benefits of the anti-parasite intervention in animal breeding farms in Italy are.

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48

Giaretta, Paula Roberta. "ASPECTOS CLÍNICOS E PATOLÓGICOS DA INTOXICAÇÃO ESPONTÂNEA POR SENECIO SPP. EM RUMINANTES NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10190.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
During 36 months a study was conducted in beef cattle farms in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil to survey outbreaks of Senecio spp. poisoning. The first part of this dissertation reports an outbreak of Senecio brasiliensis poisoning in cows where the main clinical sign was photosensitization. Adult cows that were placed during six months in a 205-hectare pasture heavily infested by Senecio brasiliensis were affected in September, 2013. Photosensitization was seen in 83 out 162 cows. Liver biopsy was performed in all cows under risk and three cows were necropsied. Histopathological findings in the liver related to pyrrolizidine alkaloids toxicosis consisted of fibrosis, megalocytosis and biliary ductal proliferation and were present in 119 of the biopsied cows. Six tested cows had increased serum activity of gamma glutamyl transferase. In the second part of this dissertation, a study of an outbreak of seneciosis in sheep in 2014 is reported. Morphological aspects considered important for the establishment of diagnosis in this species were stressed. Ten out of 860 adult sheep with clinical signs of seneciosis died spontaneously and eight sick ewes were euthanized and necropsied. Clinical signs included weight loss, apathy and photosensitization. Four out of seven tested sheep presented increased serum levels of gamma glutamil transferase and two had elevated alkaline phosphatase serum activity. At necropsy, three out of eight ewes presented slightly irregular toughened livers with multifocal nodules, two out of eight ewes had a whitish liver with thickened fibrotic Glisson s capsule partially adhered to the diaphragm, and three out of eight ewes had smooth and grossly normal livers. Histologically, the main hepatic findings that allowed for the establishment of the diagnosis were megalocytosis, proliferation of bile ducts and fibrosis. Spongy degeneration was observed in the brains of all eight necropsied sheep and was more severe at the cerebellar peduncles, mesencephalon, thalamus, and pons. These are suggested as the portions of election to investigate microscopic lesions of hepatic encephalopathy in sheep with chronic seneciosis.
Durante um período de 24 meses foram realizadas visitas periódicas a propriedades de bovinocultura de corte no Rio Grande do Sul, onde havia a suspeita de intoxicação por Senecio spp. Na primeira parte desta dissertação, relata-se a ocorrência de um surto de intoxicação natural por Senecio brasiliensis em bovinos em que o principal sinal clínico observado foi fotossensibilização. O surto ocorreu em setembro de 2013, acometendo vacas adultas que permaneceram durante os seis meses anteriores em um campo de 205 hectares com abundante infestação por Senecio brasiliensis. Fotossensibilização foi observada em 83 vacas de um total de 162 (51,3%). Realizou-se biópsia hepática em todas as vacas do rebanho e três vacas doentes foram necropsiadas. Os principais achados histopatológicos decorrentes de intoxicação por Senecio brasiliensis nos bovinos biopsiados foram fibrose hepática, megalocitose e proliferação de ductos biliares, observados em 119 animais. Seis vacas testadas apresentaram aumento da atividade sérica da gama glutamil transferase. Na segunda parte da dissertação, foi realizado um estudo de um surto de intoxicação por Senecio spp. em ovinos em 2014, dando-se ênfase aos aspectos morfológicos para o estabelecimento do diagnóstico da intoxicação nessa espécie. Dez ovelhas adultas de um rebanho de 860 ovinos morreram com sinais da doença e oito que estavam doentes foram eutanasiadas e necropsiadas. Os sinais clínicos incluíam emagrecimento, apatia e fotossensibilização. Quatro ovelhas, de um total de sete que foram testadas, apresentaram aumento da atividade sérica da gama glutamil transferase e duas apresentaram fosfatase alcalina sérica elevada. Na necropsia, em três dos oito ovinos necropsiados, o fígado estava levemente mais firme, com superfície capsular ligeiramente irregular e com nódulos pálidos na superfície de corte. Em outros três ovinos o fígado era macroscopicamente normal. Em dois dos oito ovinos necropsiados a cápsula de Glisson era brancacenta devido à fibrose, e parcialmente aderida ao diafragma. Histologicamente, as principais alterações observadas, que contribuíram para o estabelecimento do diagnóstico de intoxicação crônica por alcaloides pirrolizidínicos nas ovelhas deste surto foram hepatomegalocitose, proliferação de ductos biliares e fibrose. Todas as ovelhas apresentavam degeneração esponjosa grave no cerebelo e pedúnculos cerebelares, ponte, mesencéfalo e tálamo. Sugere-se que esses sejam os sítios anatômicos de eleição no encéfalo para a observação dessa lesão em ovinos com intoxicação por Senecio spp.

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Sime, Hazel A. "Disease in sheep flocks and its prevention". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1988. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU020968.

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To establish the prevalence of diseases in sheep flocks in North-east Scotland responsive to the application of preventative measures which may be incorporated in flock management plans. A survey of a sample of commercial sheep flocks was carried out to ascertain management and marketing practices. A critical assessment was made of the 'Flock Diary' 'Detailed' and 'Daily' Lambing Diaries produced by the Meat and Livestock Commission and their use. A mastitis survey showed an overall incidence for acute severe and chronic mild mastitis of 1.5% and 4.2% respectively. Orf was a particularly important predisposing factor. Antibiotic therapy at weaning resulted in a reduction in the number of ewes culled for chronic mastitis but growth rate of subsequent lambs was unaffected. A survey of trace element status of flocks showed that deficiencies were not always recognised especially selenium. On-farm trials were set up to examine the implications of copper, cobalt and selenium deficiencies and possible methods of control and monitoring. Trials of these procedures in commercial flocks included measurements of blood composition, ewe body condition score, lambing data, lamb birth weight and early growth rate. In lamb based trials blood composition and growth rate were the only parameters measured. Trials over a 4 week period were carried out to test the effectiveness of selenium-cobalt supplemented anthelminthics. The cobalt content of such products was inadequate to maintain pre-existing cobalt/vitamin B12 status in weaned lambs, however, selenium content induced a sustained rise in selenium/GSH-Px. Treatment with oxytetracycline reduced the number of chlamydial abortions in vaccinated gimmers while selenium treatment reduced the stillbirth rate. There was a suggestion that a compliment fixation titre of 1/16 was indicative of infection. Factors limiting implementation of preventive measures in flocks were the absence of performance and health records, accurate diagnosis, effective communication between farmers and external agencies and sources of integrated advice.

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50

Pritchard, Tracey Charmaine. "Genotype, environment and disease resistance in hill sheep". Thesis, Bangor University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432059.

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