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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Sheep Australia Physiology"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 29 gennaio 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Sheep Australia Physiology"

1

Wyse, Jessica, Sajid Latif, Saliya Gurusinghe, Jeffrey McCormick, Leslie A. Weston e Cyril P. Stephen. "Phytoestrogens: A Review of Their Impacts on Reproductive Physiology and Other Effects upon Grazing Livestock". Animals 12, n. 19 (9 ottobre 2022): 2709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12192709.

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Abstract (sommario):

Legume crops and pastures have a high economic value in Australia. However, legume species commonly used for grazing enterprises have been identified to produce high concentrations of phytoestrogens. These compounds are heterocyclic phenolic, and are similar in structure to the mammalian estrogen, 17β-estradiol. The biological activity of the various phytoestrogen types; isoflavones, lignans and coumestans, are species-specific, although at concentrations of 25 mg/kg of dry matter each of the phytoestrogen types affect reproductive functions in grazing livestock. The impacts upon fertility in grazing livestock such as cattle and sheep, vary greatly over length of exposure time, age and health of animal and the stress stimuli the plant is exposed to. More recently, research into the other effects that phytoestrogens may have upon metabolism, immune capacity and growth and performance of grazing livestock has been conducted. Potential new benefits for using these phytoestrogens, such as daidzein and genistein, have been identified by observing the stimulation of production in lymphocytes and other antibody cells. Numerous isoflavones have also been recognized to promote protein synthesis, increase the lean meat ratio, and increase weight gain in cattle and sheep. In Australia, the high economic value of legumes as pasture crops in sheep and cattle production enterprises requires proactive management strategies to mitigate risk associated with potential loss of fertility associated with inclusion of pasture legumes as forages for grazing livestock.

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2

Entwistle, K. W., L. J. Cummins, M. A. Hillard, J. E. Kinder, T. O'Shea, L. R. Piper, J. Thimonier e J. F. Wilkins. "Bernard Michael Bindon — reproductive physiologist, animal scientist, research leader". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, n. 2 (2006): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05222.

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This paper is a foreword to a series of papers commissioned on ‘the impact of science on the beef industry’, where the Beef CRC-related collaborative scientific work of Professor Bernard Michael Bindon will be reviewed. These papers will be presented in March 2006, as part of a ‘festschrift’ to recognise his wider contributions to the Australian livestock industries for over 40 years. Bindon’s career involved basic and applied research in many areas of reproductive physiology, genetics, immunology, nutrition, meat science and more recently genomics, in both sheep and cattle. Together with his collaborators, he made large contributions to animal science by improving the knowledge of mechanisms regulating reproductive functions and in elucidating the physiology and genetics of high fecundity livestock. His collaborative studies with many colleagues of the reproductive biology and genetics of the Booroola Merino were amongst the most extensive ever conducted on domestic livestock. He was instrumental in the development of immunological techniques to control ovulation rate and in examining the application of these and other techniques to increase beef cattle reproductive output. This paper tracks his investigations and achievements both within Australia and internationally. In the later stages of his career he was the major influence in attracting a large investment in Cooperative Research Centres for the Australian cattle industry, in which he directed a multi-disciplinary approach to investigate, develop and disseminate science and technology to improve commercial cattle productivity.

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3

Waller, R. A., e P. W. G. Sale. "Persistence and productivity of perennial ryegrass in sheep pastures in south-western Victoria: a review". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, n. 1 (2001): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00049.

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Loss of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) from the pasture within several years of sowing is a common problem in the higher rainfall (550–750 mm annual rainfall), summer-dry regions of south-eastern Australia. This pasture grass came to Australia from northern Europe, where it mostly grows from spring to autumn under mild climatic conditions. In contrast, the summers are generally much drier and hotter in this region of south-eastern Australia. This ‘mismatch’ between genotype and environment may be the fundamental reason for the poor persistence. There is hope that the recently released cultivars, Fitzroy and Avalon, selected and developed from naturalised ryegrass pastures in south-eastern Australia for improved winter growth and persistence will improve the performance of perennial ryegrass in the region. Soon-to-be released cultivars, developed from Mediterranean germplasm, may also bridge the climatic gap between where perennial ryegrass originated and where it is grown in south-eastern Australia. Other factors that influence perennial ryegrass persistence and productivity can be managed to some extent by the landholder. Nutrient status of the soil is important since perennial ryegrass performance improves relative to many other pasture species with increasing nitrogen and phosphorus supply. It appears that high soil exchangeable aluminium levels are also reducing ryegrass performance in parts of the region. The use of lime may resolve problems with high aluminium levels. Weeds that compete with perennial ryegrass become prevalent where bare patches occur in the pasture; they have the opportunity to invade pastures at the opening rains each year. Maintaining some herbage cover over summer and autumn should reduce weed establishment. Diseases of ryegrass are best managed by using resistant cultivars. Insect pests may be best managed by understanding and monitoring their biology to ensure timely application of pesticides and by manipulating herbage mass to alter feed sources and habitat. Grazing management has potential to improve perennial ryegrass performance as frequency and intensity of defoliation affect dry matter production and have been linked to ryegrass persistence, particularly under moisture deficit and high temperature stress. There is some disagreement as to the merit of rotational stocking with sheep, since the results of grazing experiments vary markedly depending on the rotational strategy used, climate, timing of the opening rains, stock class and supplementary feeding policy. We conclude that flexibility of grazing management strategies is important. These strategies should be able to be varied during the year depending on climatic conditions, herbage mass, and plant physiology and stock requirements. Two grazing strategies that show potential are a short rest from grazing the pasture at the opening rains until the pasture has gained some leaf area, in years when the opening rains are late. The second strategy is to allow ryegrass to flower late in the season, preventing new vegetative growth, and perhaps allowing for tiller buds to be preserved in a dormant state over the summer. An extension of this strategy would be to delay grazing until after the ryegrass seed heads have matured and seed has shed from the inflorescences. This has the potential to increase ryegrass density in the following growing season from seedling recruitment. A number of research opportunities have been identified from this review for improving ryegrass persistence. One area would be to investigate the potential for using grazing management to allow late development of ryegrass seed heads to preserve tiller buds in a dormant state over the summer. Another option is to investigate the potential, and subsequently develop grazing procedures, to allow seed maturation and recruitment of ryegrass seedlings after the autumn rains.

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4

Parker, Anthony G., Robyn J. Russell, Angela C. Delves e John G. Oakeshott. "Biochemistry and physiology of esterases in organophosphate-susceptible and -resistant strains of the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina". Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 41, n. 3 (novembre 1991): 305–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-3575(91)90085-z.

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5

Joy, Aleena, Frank R. Dunshea, Brian J. Leury, Iain J. Clarke, Kristy DiGiacomo, Pragna Prathap, Minghao Zhang e Surinder S. Chauhan. "275 Access to Shade Mitigate Heat Stress and Improves Growth Performance in Lambs During Summer". Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (8 ottobre 2021): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.263.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of provision of shade on behavior, physiology, and growth of Merino lambs exposed to natural Australian summer conditions. Sixty Merino lambs were randomly allocated to either pasture with shade (n = 30;paddock with trees) or a pasture without shade (n = 30;paddock without any trees) for one month during southern-Australian summer (February-2021). Sheep were grazing on the pastures as per standard protocols followed on the farm with ad libitum access to water. Lambs were monitored twice daily between 0900-1000h and 1400-1600h to record their behavior, and physiological parameters were recorded on hot days (environmental temperature (T) >30°C). Behavioral patterns were represented as the proportion of animals doing specific activities in each treatment group. Grazing was the most frequent activity observed in animals during morning measurement (> 60% in both groups). However, high temperature (T > 30°C) decreased grazing behavior in sheep to < 5% in both treatments. Standing behavior was significantly greater (65.2 vs 21.6%; P < 0.05) for animals under non-shade treatment, while lying behavior was more frequent (17.3 vs 76.3%; P < 0.01) in animals having access to shade. Significantly more animals were seeking water troughs (P < 0.05) in the non-shade group (33.2%) compared to the shade group (10.3%). On an average hot day (T >28°C), most lambs in the shade group were seeking shade (P < 0.01), and when the temperature exceeded >32°C, 90% of the lambs were seeking tree shade. Sheep with access to shade exhibited lower (P < 0.01) respiration rate (117breaths/min) and rectal temperature (39.7°C) than non-shade group (151breaths/min;40.2°C). Overall, access to shade improved (P < 0.001) average daily gain (+0.047kg/day) in sheep compared to the non-shade group (-0.028kg/day). In conclusion, our research confirms that providing access to shade is an effective ameliorative strategy to mitigate heat-stress in sheep during summer heatwaves.

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6

SIMPSON, S. J., L. BARTON BROWNE e A. C. M. van GERWEN. "The patterning of compensatory sugar feeding in the Australian sheep blowfly". Physiological Entomology 14, n. 1 (marzo 1989): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1989.tb00941.x.

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7

Park, K. C., e A. Cork. "Electrophysiological responses of antennal receptor neurons in female Australian sheep blowflies, Lucilia cuprina, to host odours". Journal of Insect Physiology 45, n. 1 (gennaio 1999): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1910(98)00102-4.

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8

Retnakaran, A., e R. H. Hackman. "Synthesis and deposition of chitin in larvae of the Australian sheep blowfly,Lucilia cuprina". Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 2, n. 3 (1985): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940020304.

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9

BROWNE, L. BARTON, R. J. BARTELL, A. C. M. GERWEN e L. A. LAWRENCE. "Relationship between protein ingestion and sexual receptivity in females of the Australian sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina". Physiological Entomology 1, n. 4 (13 marzo 2008): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1976.tb00969.x.

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10

Clarke, Iain J., Belinda Henry, Javed Iqbal e James W. Goding. "Proceedings of the Australian Physiological and Pharmacological Society Symposium: The Hypothalamus LEPTIN AND THE REGULATION OF FOOD INTAKE AND THE NEUROENDOCRINE AXIS IN SHEEP". Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 28, n. 1-2 (gennaio 2001): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.2001.03410.x.

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Tesi sul tema "Sheep Australia Physiology"

1

Scobie, David Roger. "Short term effects of stress hormones on cell division rate in wool follicles : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy". Title page, abstract and contents only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs421.pdf.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 183-207) A local intradermal technique using colchicine to estimate cell division rate in wool follicles is refined and used throughout the thesis. Statistical methods used to analyse data obtained with this method are described and discussed. The implications of the findings are of great significance to research into the influence of physiological changes on wool production, and suggest experiments should be conducted under controlled environmental conditions, with a minimum of stress imposed on the animals.

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2

Nottle, Mark Brenton. "Short-term nutrition and its effect on ovulation in the ewe". Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn921.pdf.

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3

Earl, Colin R. "The regulation of the timing of melatonin secretion in the sheep". Title page, summary and table of contents only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phe12.pdf.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 166-195) Addresses the nature of the central mechanisms involved in the regulation of the circadian pattern of secretion of the pineal hormone melatonin in the highly seasonal Suffolk breed of sheep. Provides new information on the behaviour of the onset and offset of melatonin secretion under different photoperiodic conditions.

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4

Bray, Megan. "Regulation of wool and body growth : nutritional and molecular approaches". Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb8267.pdf.

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"May 2002" Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-164) Describes a series of novel experiments designed to enhance our understanding of nutrient utilisation for growth of wool and the whole body.

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5

Auclair, Dyane. "Pubertal development in the merino ram lambs and immunization against oestrogens". Title page, contents and summary only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha898.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 281-316. Presents investigations on pubertal development in South Australian merino ram lambs and examines the effect of active and passive immunizations against oestradiol-17ℓ or oestrone on testicular maturation.

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6

Kakar, Muhammad Azam. "Effect of peri-conceptional feed intake on early embryo development and fetal growth in the Merino ewe /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ANP/09anpk138.pdf.

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7

Scobie, David Roger. "Short term effects of stress hormones on cell division rate in wool follicles / by David Roger Scobie". Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21634.

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Abstract (sommario):

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 183-207)
ix, 207 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm.
A local intradermal technique using colchicine to estimate cell division rate in wool follicles is refined and used throughout the thesis. Statistical methods used to analyse data obtained with this method are described and discussed. The implications of the findings are of great significance to research into the influence of physiological changes on wool production, and suggest experiments should be conducted under controlled environmental conditions, with a minimum of stress imposed on the animals.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Animal Sciences, 1992

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8

Nottle, Mark Brenton. "Short-term nutrition and its effect on ovulation in the ewe / by Mark Brenton Nottle". Thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19113.

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Abstract (sommario):

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 143-165)
xiii, 168 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm.
Reports on studies undertaken to examine the physiological basis of the known ability of lupin grain to increase ovulation rate in the ewe.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Animal Sciences, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, 1989

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9

Lord, Andrew P. D. (Andrew Peter Duncan). "IGF transfer from blood to tissue: comparison of IGF-I with analogs that bind poorly to binding proteins, using a vascular perfusion model : a thesis submitted to the University of Adelaide, South Australia, for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy". 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl866.pdf.

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Abstract (sommario):

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 188-217) Insulin-like growth factor-I circulates at high concentrations in blood, mainly complexed with IGF-binding proteins. The main objective of the thesis is to determine the general role played by plasma IGF-binding proteins in the regulation of IGF transfer from blood to tissues.

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10

Earl, Colin R. "The regulation of the timing of melatonin secretion in the sheep". Thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19577.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 166-195)
xxi, 195 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.
Addresses the nature of the central mechanisms involved in the regulation of the circadian pattern of secretion of the pineal hormone melatonin in the highly seasonal Suffolk breed of sheep. Provides new information on the behaviour of the onset and offset of melatonin secretion under different photoperiodic conditions.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Animal Sciences, 1989

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Sheep Australia Physiology"

1

Narayan, Edward, Gregory Sawyer, Natalie Hoskins e Greg Curren. "Reproductive Rates of Merino Ewes and Offspring Quality under AI Program". In Sheep Farming [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99617.

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Abstract (sommario):

Reproductive wastage is a major economic burden in sheep production globally, especially within Australia as livestock production systems face increased pressure from climatic variability (e.g. prolonged droughts or flooding). Sheep are sensitive to acute changes in their environment such as heat stress, which if not adequately monitored will result in significant production losses such as reproductive failure, increased parasite and worm burden, morbidity and mortality risks. Through basic and applied research in the areas of stress and reproductive physiology our team has made significant advancements in the understanding of sheep behaviour and physiological responses to acute and chronic stressors. Using minimally invasive hormone monitoring technology in combination with field based assessment of sheep health and productivity traits, our team has delivered new knowledge on how sheep react to acute environmental stress and how it impacts on sheep reproduction. In this chapter, we evaluated the fertility rates and embryo quality of Merino ewes under AI breeding program. We discuss factors such as heat stress that can impact on ewe and offspring quality.

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2

Kemp, T. S. "Introduction". In The Origin and Evolution of Mammals. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198507604.003.0004.

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There are about 4,600 species of animals today that are called mammals because, despite an astonishing diversity of form and habitat, they all share a long list of characters not found in any other organisms, such as the presence of mammary glands, the single bone in the lower jaw, and the neocortex of the forebrain. This makes them unambiguously distinct from their closest living relatives, and their unique characters together define a monophyletic taxon, the class Mammalia. Three subgroups are readily distinguished amongst the living mammals. The Monotremata are the egg-laying mammals of Australasia, consisting only of two species of echidna and a single platypus species; for all their primitive reproductive biology, monotremes are fully mammalian in their general structure and biology. The Marsupialia, or Metatheria are the pouched mammals, whose approximately 260 species dominate the mammalian fauna of Australia, and also occur as part of the indigenous fauna of the Americas. By far the largest group of living mammals are the Placentalia, or Eutheria with about 4,350 species divided into usually eighteen recent orders. It is virtually unanimously accepted that the closest living relatives, the sister group, of mammals consists of the reptiles and the birds. The only serious dissent from this view in recent years was that of Gardiner (1982) who advocated that the birds alone and mammals were sister groups, the two constituting a taxon Haemothermia, defined among other characters by the endothermic (‘warm-blooded’) temperature physiology. Gardiner certainly drew attention to some remarkable similarities between birds and mammals, notably the details of the endothermic processes, the enlarged size and surface folding of the cerebellum, and a number of more superficial morphological features. There was also some molecular sequence data supporting the Haemothermia concept, including the beta-globin gene and 18S rRNA. Gardiner’s view briefly became a cause célèbre in part for its sheer heterodoxy, but all concerned have since rejected it on the grounds that a careful, comprehensive analysis of the characters supports the traditional view (Kemp 1988b), particularly if the characters of the relevant fossils are taken into account (Gauthier, Kluge, and Rowe 1988).

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