Tesi sul tema "Sexual responsibility"
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1
Howard, Roxanne G. "Perceived responsibility of sexual assault as a function of couples' sexual orientation and alcohol use /". Electronic version (PDF), 2004. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2003/howardr/roxannehoward.pdf.
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Tomkins, Christie. "Social Reactions to Acquaintance Sexual Assault: Perceptions of Responsibility and Blame". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35682.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Employing a mixed quantitative and qualitative methodology among undergraduate students at the University of Ottawa, this research has explored attributions about sexual assault and the role of perceived intoxication in the context of female and male victims of sexual assault. The use of qualitative methodology and the application of a feminist critique of attribution theory and its contemporary application to rape perception research have contributed to a better understanding of these judgements and the varied ways in which undergraduate students apply the core constructs of responsibility and blame to sexual assault, while simultaneously highlighting the limitations of typically positivistic research in this area. Analyses suggest that the judgements students make about the victims and perpetrators involved in sexual assault are varied and complex, and future research employing a similar methodology and theoretical lens among other populations, both within and outside post-secondary spheres, is warranted.
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Halliday, Patricia A. "Conceptions of agency and responsibility in the language(s) of incest /". view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3120624.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 211-217). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
4
Rowland, Charles H. "The responsibility of a diocese for the actions of its priests' sexual misconduct canonical implications /". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Wallén, Daniel. "Sweden´s moral responsibility to protect Romanian victims of trafficking for sexual exploitation in Sweden". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Statsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-28019.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Trafficking in persons is a serious crime and a serious violation of human rights. Every year, thousands of men, women and children fall into the hands of traffickers, in their own countries and abroad. Trafficking in human beings (THB) can be about forced labour, sexual slavery and/or commercial sexual exploitation, but this this paper focuses on the latter category. One country in Eastern Europe with an exceptionally high proportion of women and children trafficked into Sweden each year is Romania. The purpose of the following study is therefore to investigate what moral responsibility – if any – Sweden has to protect the female part of the victims from Romania being trafficked for sexual purposes in Sweden. They are not Swedish citizens, and that makes it a complicated question. In making an effort to come up with answers, we will have a look at what Sweden is doing for these people today, and what the options look like going forward, if indeed the responsibilty is ours. This is an academic thesis with one normative and one empirical aspect. Normative theoretical principles of global justice, ethics and human dignity from American philosopher Martha Nussbaum are tested on an empirical problem; a case study about the situation for Romanian trafficking victims in Sweden and Norway. Apart from the theory and case study, I have exclusively used applied ethics, secondary sources and an analytical tool to analyze and dissect the problem, reaching the conclusion that Sweden does have a moral responsibility, and that we therefore should continue to work in these people´s favour. However, more so that now by assisting solution solving in Romania, where the biggest problems exist and the best solutions can be expected, if handled intelligently and with ethics in mind.
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Ellis, Matthew. "Telling the truth? : exploring notions of self and responsibility with young people involved in treatment for harmful sexual behaviour". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/76875/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis combines autoethnography (Adams et al., 2015) with a psychosocial (Frosh, 2010; Hollway and Jefferson, 2013) approach to explore notions of self and responsibility in the self-narratives of young people involved in treatment for harmful sexual behaviour (HSB). It reflects an area of professional interest for me as a social worker involved in the assessment and treatment of young people classified as having sexual behaviour problems, and appears to be an under represented area of the research literature. Working with the psychoanalytic concept of transference I also explore how as a researcher I make sense of the ways in which professionals and young people encounter each other in treatment. Drawing on poststructuralist conceptions of self and an ethical life (Butler, 2005), I suggest that treatment operates as a form of ethical violence, if ethical violence is to require a coherent self-narrative from young people as part-evidence of them taking personal responsibility (Butler, 2005). Rather than focusing on the ‘truth' of a ‘seamless story', I am interested in what Butler (2005) calls ‘enigmatic articulations' that cannot easily be narrated. From this perspective I use autoethnographic methods and psychoanalytic tools to consider how unconscious dynamics might be enacted between practitioners and young people in treatment to produce meaning, and to make sense of discomfiting, and sometimes conflictual experiences. The empirical study employed a qualitative longitudinal design (Thomson, 2012) gathering narrative data over the course of eight months from six young men aged between sixteen and eighteen, at various stages of treatment for HSB. Interviews were conducted using the ‘Free Association Narrative Interview' method (Hollway and Jefferson, 2013), and complemented with creative/arts-based techniques, such as music and collage (Thomson, 2008). Personal reflections and insights, aroused through my own transference were also produced during data collection and analysis. Data analysis was inductive, utilising narrative (Doucet and Mauthner, 2008), and psychosocial approaches (Frosh and Baraitser, 2008; Hollway and Jefferson, 2013), informed by psychoanalytic (Laplanche and Pontalis, 1973; Zizek, 2006; Frosh, 2012) and social (Butler, 2004, 2005; Frosh, 2010) theoretical perspectives. Findings are presented in the form of three case studies, influenced by the psychoanalytic case study tradition (Forrester, 1996) and autoethnography (Ellis and Rawicki, 2013), which serve as exemplars, illustrating themes that emerged from the wider data set. Each presents my understanding and interpretation of the young person's story, in relation to their experience of treatment as provided over the course of the interviews. The case studies also highlight some of the complex struggles involved for young people in trying to narratively locate themselves between various, and often competing discursive demands, and provide insights from my experience as a practice informed researcher and interlocutor engaged in collaborative meaning making. The narratives are analysed to reveal discordant voices characterised by contradictions and inconsistencies; fears, anxieties and uncertain futures, as well as un-narrated feelings of dangerousness, which are echoed and amplified through my own highly personalised reflections. The thesis makes a number of original contributions, and develops new substantive knowledge regarding an understanding of young people attending treatment for harmful sexual behaviour, particularly in relation to how they view themselves and their treatment journeys. By writing autoethnographically, and using this to present participant stories as multivoiced narratives I am bringing both a researcher, and practitioner perspective into view regarding young people's understanding of responsibility, truth and disclosure. The application of Lacanian-influenced, psychosocial, creative, narrative and autoethnographic methods is original in its approach to researching ‘beneath the surface' with young people involved in treatment for HSB. The thesis also generates valuable insights in terms of the limits of narrative approaches to treatment, and the support needs of practitioners.
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Kosmo, Kaeleen. "Tough Guy, Sensitive Vas: Analyzing Masculinity, Male Contraceptives & the Sexual Division of Labor". Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6282.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A Marxist feminist standpoint positions patriarchy and capitalism as mutually beneficial, thus interestingly situating the new market of male contraceptives (MCs). This project takes an in-depth look at the opinions of 15 young men regarding the use of MCs by examining how Western, heterosexual masculinity informs their attitudes and discusses how a new economic market of MCs may affect current social ideologies about of the sexual division of labor. Because notions of masculinity are essential in perpetuating such ideologies, understanding masculinity as it relates to a new market for MCs is imperative. During a series of focus groups men described this relationship in terms of responsibility, control, sexual pleasure, cost, gendered ideologies, and side effects. As a result of this research, I argue that the emerging market for MCs may simultaneously strengthen power dynamics and restructure labor practices within the sexual division of labor.
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Ariana, Barer. "The usual suspects : a feminist critical discourse analysis of media representations of responsibility for sexual assault prevention". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44296.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis examined the representation of social actors responsible for sexual assault prevention published in media and police reports and grassroots poster campaigns that followed a series of sexual assaults perpetrated in Edmonton between May 2008 and March 2010. Reporting by Edmonton Journal, CBC News, and the published responses of the Garneau Sisterhood, a grassroots organization, was examined through a lens informed by feminist critical discourse analysis (FCDA). Using FCDA, I analyzed the ways in which the representations of social actors in these texts changed across time both linguistically and interdiscursively.
Three main neoliberal discourses found to be operating in media representations of social actors in the Edmonton Journal and CBC News were discourses of individualization, authority, and feminization. An analysis of social actors in the media showed these assaults to be isolated and individualized crimes. In addition, media representation included an unquestioned deference to police authority in seeking solutions and justice, and the construction of rape-avoidance as a hegemonic norm of femininity. The main discourse found in the Garneau Sisterhood poster campaigns was a discourse of collective responsibility. Sexualized violence will not likely end without a shift in the culture of violence toward women. At a time when the federal government is defunding feminist advocacy and direct service organizations—forcing them to close or function precariously—the presence of collective-oriented, grassroots interruptions of normalized rape culture is both urgent and hopeful.
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Jeeninga, Rigtje. "Global responsibility : humanitarian intervention as a justified mechanism to end post-conflict widespread and systemic sexual violence". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11953.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Includes bibliographical references.Sexual violence and conflict go hand in hand. In ancient warfare, sexual violence was a common procedure, perceived as an inevitable consequence of war. Soldiers needed to 'release' after heavy fighting; sexual distraction would reward, motivate and relax them. In other words, sexual violence was seen as 'collateral damage' and was therefore never prosecuted as a crime. This practice started to change after the Second World War. In fact, at the moment the existence of sexual violence was internationally acknowledged, women's rights gained recognition and several forms of sexual violence were classified. Finally, sexual violence was labeled as a 'weapon of war'.
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Berlin, Lois F. "Peer to peer sexual harassment : emerging law as it applies to school building administrators' legal responsibility for prevention and response /". Diss., This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-151320/.
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Vandason, Dominique. "UNSCR 1820(2008), IHRL, IHL, Gender & Responsibility : Analysis of juridical system on sexual violence against women in internal armed conflicts". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-305600.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper presents a gender analysis of the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1820(2008), the International Human Rights Law and the International Humanitarian Law. The study is regarding resolution 1820 as a breakthrough in the writings of legal documents that criminalizes sexual violence against women in internal armed conflict. Using textual analysis and a feminist theoretical approach the study highlights the construction of gender norms in the legal document. The study suggests that the narrative of legislative bodies of the IHL and IHRL is dominated by masculinity. Furthermore I am discussing if such norms are evident as a form of essentialism in the legal document, if essentialism is apparent in local and international juridical systems, and what effect does it have on the resolution 1820.
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Svensson, Julia. "Responsibility to Represent : Representation of conflict related sexual and gender-based violence; a thematic analysis of World Bank and ICRC documents". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-389700.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Producing information today is unprecedented in both speed and accessibility. This is a benefit of living in these IT times. There is more knowledge available than ever before, which is as fantastic as it is problematic. It leaves both the producer and the user of this information responsible for assessing and interpreting it. This thesis has investigated what information has been produced on conflict related SGBV by the World Bank and the ICRC to see what representations have been established. Several documents from each organization have been collected, coded and thematically analyzed by using intersectionality and structural violence as theoretical lenses. These theoretical frameworks complemented each other in their use in this study as intersectionality was employed to look at what certain portrayals might mean for individuals, and structural violence was used to look at what the result meant on a larger scale. Ultimately, this thesis arrived at the conclusion that the portrayal of conflict related SGBV by the World Bank and ICRC is problematic. No organization is misrepresenting more than the other, but they do struggle on different themes. Overall, the main risk an organization runs when writing about this topic is to portray women as the only demographic group affected and the image that all women survivors are the same in that they are female. This leaves the consumer of this information with the assumption that conflict related SGBV only affects women, because they are women. This is wrong and it is problematic, as this thesis will explain in detail, along with other representations and analytical conclusions.
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Melo, Alexandre Soares de. "Exploração sexual comercial: uma análise da legislação e da jurisprudência do Superior Tribunal de Justiça nos caos de crianças e adolescentes submetidas a prostituição". Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/4415.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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Sexual and commercial explotation of children and adolescents is a social phenomenon which, nowadays, has found vast regulation in Brazilian law. According to the article 244-A of Child and Adolescent Statute and the article 218-B of Brazilian Penal Code it is considered a crime the conduct of submitting or favoring children and adolescents to prostitution or other forms of exploitation. However, there is a great controversy both in terms of doctrine and jurisprudence from the Brazilian Court of Justice in relation to establishing if the criminal responsibility in these cases would not only be upon the agents and allucers who intermediate the sexual practice, as ponces and ruffians, but if it would also extend to those users who, without the intermediation of others, keep sexual contact with children and adolescents who are included in a context of prostitution. Thus, the object of this study consists in the analyses of the criminal responsibility of the violations related to sexual exploitation of prostituted children and adolescents. Our aim is to understand the present mainstream legal argument in the jurisprudence of Brazilian Superior Court of Justice in order to establish the extent of the penal norm as well as the criminal responsibility of the agents involved. The understanding of the factors which favor the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents, such as social inequality, sexual mercantilization and the asymmetrical genders relationships in our society are presented as important instruments for analyses of the legal argument in the scope of the courts as well as for the strength of the child and adolescent protection system in this country. This research has an empirical nature and has been based on a legislation and specialized literature review about this theme.
A exploração sexual comercial de crianças e adolescentes é um fenômeno social que encontra atualmente no sistema jurídico brasileiro intensa repressão no campo normativo, sendo considerada crime a conduta de submeter ou favorecer crianças e adolescentes à prostituição ou outra forma de exploração, conforme estabelecem os art. 244-A do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente e o art. 218-B do Código Penal Brasileiro. Entretanto, existe uma grande controvérsia tanto no âmbito da doutrina quanto na jurisprudência dos Tribunais de Justiça do país em relação a estabelecer se a responsabilização criminal nestes casos recairia tão somente aos agenciadores e aliciadores que intermediam a prática sexual, como cafetões e rufiões, mas se também se estenderia àqueles usuários que, sem a intermediação de terceiros, mantêm contatos sexuais com crianças e adolescentes inseridas em um contexto de prostituição. Neste cenário, estariam crianças e adolescentes protegidas pela tutela da norma penal? Assim, o objeto de estudo deste trabalho consiste na análise da responsabilização criminal nos delitos relacionados à exploração sexual de crianças e adolescentes em situação de prostituição. Busca-se compreender a orientação jurídica que atualmente prevalece na jurisprudência do Superior Tribunal de Justiça STJ para se estabelecer o alcance da norma penal e a responsabilização criminal dos agentes envolvidos. A compreensão dos fatores que favorecem a exploração sexual de crianças e adolescentes, dentre os quais as desigualdades sociais, a mercantilização do sexo e as relações assimétricas de gênero na sociedade, se apresentam como importantes instrumentos para análise do posicionamento jurídico no âmbito dos tribunais, como também para o fortalecimento do sistema de proteção de crianças e adolescentes no país. Esta pesquisa é de caráter empírico, sendo realizada a partir da revisão da legislação e da literatura especializada sobre o tema.
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Graham, Nicola Susan Jearey. "Resisting responsibilisation : a narrative-discursive analysis of young peoples' talk about high school sexualities and school sexuality education". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013078.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The most widespread intervention in South Africa into the sexualities of young people is school based sexuality education. However there is a dearth of research in this area, and studies that have been conducted highlight major weaknesses with implementation. Research from Western countries indicates that the messages conveyed in sexuality education are resisted if they conflict with the desired sexual subjectivities of young people. This indicates a need for further research into desired youth sexualities, and school based sexuality education. While South African studies of young people‘s talk about sexualities have been conducted, there is a paucity of literature in this area from a discursive perspective. This study is situated within a feminist post-structuralist paradigm, utilising a performative-performance analytical approach which synthesises Butlerian theory with a narrative-discursive methodology. This approach enables an analysis of both the macro-discursive power webs within which sexualities are situated, and the micro-discursive activity through which sexual subject positions are constructed. I used this approach to analyse the talk of groups of students from a Further Education and Training College about the sexualities of High School learners and their own past sexuality education. Findings showed that that the most dominant discursive resources which were utilised to construct sexualities were societal sexual norms discourses. These foundational discourses constructed gendered sexualities of compulsory hyper-heterosex for men, and compulsory compliant girlfriendhood for women. Such gendered sexualities reinforced patriarchal and abusive gendered and sexual practices. Ways in which participants troubled the dominant gendered sexualities through the performance of alternative sexual positions were analysed, as these 'troubling' performances indicate mutable aspects of the normative gendered field. Participants drew on a discourse of disconnect when talking about their school sexuality education, and their parents‘ (lack of) communication with them about sex. This suggests that adultist attempts to construct a 'responsible' sexual subject position for young people are resisted when such a position is constructed in a non-relational manner. Collusion between the constructed gendered sexualities and the discourse of disconnect results in the un-performability of a 'responsible' sexual subject position. These findings were used to provide suggestions for enhancing school based sexuality interventions.
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Svantesson, Elin, e Rebecka Karlsson. "Medvetandedriven förändring : en studie om arbetsgivare inom restaurangbranschen som ett resultat av #metoo kommit att förändra sitt förebyggande arbete gällande sexuella trakasserier". Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för handel och företagande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15301.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Definitionen av sexuella trakasserier är händelser, kommentarer eller närmanden som är av sexuell karaktär och som av den utsatte upplevs som oönskade. Arbetsgivare har enligt Diskrimineringslagen lagstadgade skyldigheter att arbeta förebyggande vad gäller sexuella trakasserier inom den egna verksamheten.Dock påvisar #metoo under hösten 2017 att sexuella trakasserier är mer förekommande än allmänheten tidigare trott och det har därmed ökat det kritiska medvetandet om att arbetsgivare eventuellt besitter brister i sitt förebyggande arbete gällande sexuella trakasserier inom den egna verksamheten. Syftet med denna studie blir därmed att närmare undersöka om arbetsgivare inom restaurangbranschen kommit att förändra sitt förebyggande arbete gällande sexuella trakasserier som ett resultat av #metoo och i så fall hur detta förändringsarbete konkret ser ut. För att besvara studiens syfte och problemprecisering genomfördes en metodkombination bestående av en webbenkät och fördjupande intervjuer. Enkäten sändes via mail som distribution till 265 restauranger till sex på förhand utvalda städer som inbringade i en svarsfrekvens på 29 %. Utifrån enkäten genomfördes urvalet till vidare intervjuer där kravet var att hashtagen blivit uppmärksammad av restaurangen, att förändringar genomförts eller planeras genomföras som ett resultat av #metoo, samt att respondenten besatt ett intresse av att deltaga i en djupare intervju. Nio intervjuer kom att genomföras för att belysa hur förändringsarbetet implementerats. Studiens slutgiltiga resultat lyder att 93,5 % uppmärksammat eller delvis uppmärksammat #metoo och dess betydelse, 45,5 % har genomfört förändringar som ett resultat av #metoo och 54,5 % har avstått förändring. Resultatet visar tydligt att det är fler som uppmärksammat hashtagen än som därefter valt att genomföra förändringar. De som däremot valt att inleda eller planerar att inleda ett förändringsarbete har genomfört detta på olika sätt, i olika grad, med olika ambitionsnivåer och tidsperspektiv.The definition of sexual harassment is phenomena, comments or approaches that are of a sexual nature and from the victim are perceived to be undesirable. Employers have statutory obligations under the Discrimination Act to work on preventive sexual harassment within their own organization. However, #metoo shows in the fall of 2017 that sexual harassment is more prevalent than the public previously believed and thus has increased the critical awareness that employers may have shortcomings in their preventive work on sexual harassment within their own business. The purpose of this study will be to investigate whether employers in the restaurant industry have changed their prevention work on sexual harassment as a result of #metoo and, if so, how this change work is concrete. In order to answer the purpose of the study and problem identification, a method combination consisting of a web survey and further interviews was conducted. The survey was sent by mail as distribution to 265 restaurants, in six pre-selected cities and brought a response rate of 29 %. Based on the survey, the selection was conducted for further interviews, where the requirement was that the restaurant has been noted the hashtag, implemented or planned changes as a result of #metoo, and that the respondent had an interest in participating in a deeper interview. Nine interviews were conducted to highlight how the change work has been implemented. The final result of the study is that 93,5 % were noticed or partially noticed #metoo and its significance, 45,5 % have made changes as a result of #metoo and 54,5 % rejected change. It is clear that it is the more employer who have noticed the hashtag than then chose to make changes. Those who, on the other hand, chose to initiate or plan to initiate a change implemented this in different ways, to different degrees, ambition levels and time perspectives.
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Lloyd, Gabriella Elizabeth. "Mandating (In)Security: How UN Missions Endanger the Civilians they Intend to Protect". The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500256046171791.
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Lindholm, Johanna. "Sexually exploited youths in the Swedish legal system : Conditions of victimhood". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Barn- och ungdomsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-116791.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis explores how the Swedish legal system, specifically the police and district courts, understand and construct cases of human trafficking for sexual purposes and procuring with under-age victims. It draws on police investigative interviews and court decisions in 22 pronounced district court sentences, involving 36 female youths. Theoretically the thesis primarily builds on social constructionism and the sociology of childhood. Methodologically it builds on coding of forensic interviews, narrative analysis and discourse analysis. Study I explores the informativeness of 24 of the 36 adolescents when interviewed by the police. It shows that the adolescents were informative yet evasive, specifically when asked open questions. Experiences of violence and force as well as interviews conducted soon after the police intervention further contributed to evasiveness. Also evasiveness seemed intimately connected to circumstances in each unique case. Study II scrutinises the image of the ideal trafficking victim by asking how the issue of responsibility is handled when police interviews turn to prostitution. It also analyses which interactive and narrative conditions, related to agency and stake, apply for talk in this specific institutional setting. The findings suggest that in order to sort out the ‘real’ victims, the interrogator needs to pull apart the two categories ‘victim’ and ‘prostitute’ even if there may be problems with this clear-cut distinction since the categories tend to blend together. Further, in this institutional setting to talk about sex can be problematic as it may undermine the victim narrative instead creating a subject with interests. Study III explores how Swedish district courts assess the credibility of alleged victims of human trafficking for sexual purposes and the reliability of their testimonies. The findings indicate that the judges base their assessments on the Swedish Supreme Courts’ criteria of how to understand reliability and credibility but they seemed also to be influenced by extra-legal factors relating to victims’ behaviour. Further, the findings imply that the judges used the Supreme Court’s criteria to argue both for and against credibility. By so doing, their arguments supported the decision reached irrespective of how the adolescents reported or what impression they made. In brief this thesis can be said to point to a legal dilemma when law on paper is applied in practice as each unique adolescent must be recognized by the authorities as fitting the administrative category ‘victim’. When put into practice, categories are rarely neat and clear hence such categorizing becomes a phenomenon negotiated in interaction. Also, this legal context sets up limits and possibilities for the adolescents’ agency and this too can be said to have a bearing on if she is, or is not, constructed as a victim. In short, this thesis shows certain conditions of victimhood.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Submitted.
Forskningsfinansiär: Brottsoffermyndigheten genom Brottsofferfonden.
Människohandel/koppleri med barn och unga för sexuella ändamål Vad går att lära av rättsväsendet och brottsoffrens erfarenheter?
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Arping, Anna, e Klara Reimer. "“I det här yrket behöver man vara tolerant” : En triangulering om sjuksköterskors erfarenheter avsexuella trakasserier och organisatoriskt arbete". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Personal och arbetsliv, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-28011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Intresset för att genomföra studien väcktes under hösten 2017 när rörelsen #metoo spred sig på sociala medier och ett stort antal individer vittnade om deras utsatthet av sexuella trakasserier på sina arbetsplatser. Rörelsen intygar att trakasserier av sexuell karaktär förekommer i ett flertal branscher, där vårt intresse väcktes att undersöka sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av sexuella trakasserier. Tidigare genomförda studier som utgör den forskningsfront som föreligger har ett fokus på individen och de individuella konsekvenser som sexuellt ofredande medför. Den kunskapslucka som identifierades var hur organisationer påverkas av förekomsten av sexuella trakasserier likväl hur de kan bedriva ett förebyggande och åtgärdande arbete kring frågan. Studiens syfte är därför att belysa förekomsten och de konsekvenser som sexuella trakasserier medför. Ett delsyfte är att redogöra för hur organisationen arbetar med frågor rörande sexuellt ofredande. Teorier som redogör för definitionen av begreppet sexuella trakasserier, hur ofredandet påverkar såväl individen som organisationen, makt, tystnadskultur, organisationskultur och arbetsgivaransvar föreligger för att besvara studiens syfte. Studiens datainsamling bygger på en triangulering där en kvantitativ webbaserad enkät använts liksom kvalitativa semi-strukturerade intervjuer. En avgränsning har gjorts till kvinnliga sjuksköterskor anställda i en organisation i mellersta Sverige. I studiens resultat framkom det att sexuella trakasserier förekommer på arbetsplatsen samt att det råder en tystnadskultur kring ämnet där de tillfrågade medarbetarna saknar kunskap kring var de bör vända sig för att berätta om sina erfarenheter. De anställda visar även stor okunskap kring organisationens policy, handlingsplan samt vilket stöd de är berättigade att få. Resultaten från det insamlade datamaterialet har analyserats med hjälp av den teoretiska referensramen och koncentrerats till fyra huvudområden som även diskuteras. Dessa är problematiska gränsdragningar, tystnadskultur, organisationskultur och organisatoriskt arbete.The interest in conducting the study was raised in the autumn of 2017 when the #metoo movement spread on social media and a large number of individuals witnessed their vulnerability to sexual harassment at their workplaces. The movement certifies sexual harassment in a number of industries, where our interest was raised to investigate the nurse's experiences of sexual harassment. Past studies that constitute the research front are focused on the individual and the individual consequences of sexual harassment. The knowledge gap that was identified was how organizations are affected by the occurrence of sexual harassment as well as how they can carry out preventive and remedial work on the issue. The purpose of the study is therefore to highlight the occurrence and the consequences of sexual harassment. One purpose is to explain how the organization works with issues related to sexual harassment. To answer the purpose of the study theories describing the definition of the concept of sexual harassment, individual- and organization effects, power, culture of silence, organizational culture and employer responsibility is all brought up. The data collection of the study is based on a triangulation using a quantitative web-based survey as well as qualitative semi-structured interviews. A demarcation has been made to female nurses employed in an organization in central Sweden. The results of the study shows that sexual harassment occurs at the workplace and that there is a culture of silence about the subject where the asked employees do not know where to turn to tell their experiences. Employees also show great unknowledge about the organization's policy, action plan and what support they are entitled to receive. The results of the collected data have been analyzed using the theoretical reference framework and concentrated on four main areas that are also discussed. The main areas are where to drawn boundaries, culture of silence, organizational culture and organizational work.
19
Harper, Ainsley J. "Sexually transmitted debt : credibility, culpability and the burden of responsibility /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh293.pdf.
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20
Oldham, Jean Allen. "Dating Violence on Small Rural College Campuses: Are Administrator and Student Perceptions Similar?" UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/khp_etds/16.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In recent years dating violence has become more and more prevalent on college campuses. Reports of the range of dating violence vary widely, with studies reporting from 20% to 85% of college women experiencing dating violence. However, almost all research has been conducted among urban and/or large colleges and universities, with virtually no attention to what is happening on small and/or rural college and university campuses.
When a possible 20% of college women have experienced dating violence on college campuses, there becomes a crucial need for administration at a college to have an accurate assessment of the college’s liability, and of the adequacy of the college’s programs and policies relative to dating violence. This study sought to determine whether administrators and female students on small rural college campuses have the same perceptions of the type and incidence of dating violence on their campus, and of the programs and policies the college has put into place to prevent and respond to dating violence. Two domains of perceptions were addressed, dating violence beliefs and experience, and dating violence policy knowledge. The same question was examined to determine if perceptions of resident and commuter students were the same, and if perceptions of under and upper class students were the same. The investigator surveyed 52 college administrators and 306 female students at a total of four small rural college campuses to determine whether administrator and female student perceptions of dating violence incidence/type and dating violence program/policy knowledge at the college were similar.
Results were that administrators tended to have similar perceptions to students as regards dating violence beliefs and experience, although not specific types of dating violence. Students did not exhibit a strong knowledge of dating violence policy. Resident and commuter students displayed similar perceptions to each other, as did under class and upper class students.
21
Dir, Allyson L. "Effects of sexting on perceptions of sexual intent, sexual consent, and responsibility in sexual encounters". Thesis, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7912/C20M11.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Sexting has been linked to a range of sexual behaviors, including sexual assault; however, the mechanism through which sexting increases the risk for sexual assault is unknown. One explanation for the role of sexting in sexual assault could be due to gender differences in sexting and sexual communication. The current study examined men’s and women’s perceptions of sexting as a form of communicating sexual intent and sexual consent, and how sexting influences attributions of responsibility and blame in sexual encounters and alleged sexual assault. Additionally, considering the role of alcohol in sexual assault, the study also examined how both sexting and alcohol influenced individuals’ perceptions of a sexual scenario. Method:Using a factorial vignette design, N = 525 college students (48.6% women; 71% Caucasian) were randomly assigned to one of four vignettes regarding a sexual scenario between a man and woman (John and Jennifer), with sexting and/or alcohol involved. Results: Significant differences in sexting vs. texting conditions were seen for perceptions of sexual intent (F = 147.28, p< .01) and sexual consent (F = 105.86, p< .01). Men were more likely to perceive that sexual consent was exchanged (F = 9.16, p< .01) and to interpret the sext as a consent cue (F = 7.82, p< .01). John was attributed more responsibility/blame across all conditions (F = 154.58, p< .01); however, Jennifer was attributed more blame in the sexting conditions (F = 9.16, p< .01). Conclusion: Results suggest that despite sexting as a signal of sexual interest, there are differences in how men and women perceive sexting as sexual consent, which may influence the risk for sexual assault. Additionally, there are differential effects of sexting for men vs. women, such that women may be judged more harshly for sexting, suggesting evidence of the sexual double standard. Results offer important implications for sexual assault prevention and sexual gender roles.
22
Janzen, Caitlin. "Monster crusades: constructing responsibility for the commercial sexual exploitation of children". Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2817.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this thesis, I work from a poststructural feminist framework to examine the pedophile monster as a Western cultural discourse. I argue that in the formation of this discourse, medical and moral discursive strands are conflated to produce the pedophile monster as a subject. I undertake
a genealogical exploration to trace the historical emergences of the pedophile monster discourse from the Victorian Era forward. Here I critically deconstruct two contemporary forms of media as case studies to illustrate the current work of the pedophile monster discourse in distributing
responsibility for child sexual abuse between subhuman monsters, mothers and the child victims themselves. I argue that, with the exception of their role as patriarchal defender, men are artfully neglected in the construction of commercial child sexual abuse as a social problem.
I then make use of a Foucauldian discourse analysis to study text from online forums and chat rooms used by men to discuss commercial child sexual exploitation. I was specifically interested in the discursive strategies used by the men to construct their subjectivities in relation to that of
the pedophile monster. This thesis is an attempt to challenge the dominance of the pedophile monster discourse by implicating men in the problem of commercial sexual exploitation of children beyond the polarised categories of protector and monster. My goal in this thesis is to
bring visibility and shift responsibility to men who perpetrate commercial sexual exploitation of children.
23
Sheridan, Peter Michael. "Judgements of responsibility, pleasure, and trauma in sexual assault of gay men and lesbians /". 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR19819.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Psychology.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 163-209). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR19819
24
Altman, Pamela Anne. "Adolescents' moral development and sexual responsibility as affected by parent-adolescent communication and parenting effectiveness". 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/22546.
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25
"Effect of Victim Interpersonal Style, Rape Label, and Subject Sex On Attributions of Responsibility for Sexual Assault". Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/5941.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The attribution of responsibility to a victim of rape for her own victimization has
been noted in non-laboratory settings. The present study incorporated methodological refinements designed to increase victim blame over the usual low levels found in laboratory studies. The effects of victim's interpersonal style, experimenter-provided label of the incident as rape, and subjects' sex on attribution of responsibility to the victim of rape were investigated, using traditional questionnaire (AQ) data as well as spontaneous thought-listing data as dependent measures. Victim's style was manipulated by having an actress use the same script delivered in three different styles, that is, in a passive, assertive, and aggressive style. The vignette, in one of the three presentation styles, was presented to subjects on videotape, as an interview.
Pilot testing revealed satisfactory discrimination between presentations. Subjects'
interpersonal style, and history and likelihood of sexually assaulting or being sexually assaulted were assessed but discarded as potential covariates in the analysis of attribution of responsibility. The traditional questionnaire yielded three scales: characterological and behavioural blame of the victim, and blame of the man. The thought-listing yielded six measures of negative reaction to the women, and one measure of positive reaction to her.
Results provided support for the rape-victim-blame phenomenon: Subjects blamed
the victim more than they blamed the rapist. The label manipulation was not effective, but subjects differed independent of the label regarding their perception of the incident.
Subjects' own labeling of the incident as rape increased victim blame on some measures and decreased it on others. Interpersonal style was generally non-salient, suggesting that interpersonal style is a dimension that exists more strongly in the theories of psychology than in the minds of subjects.
Results regarding sex differences echoed the ambiguity of this variable in the victim blame literature generally. Subjects who had been victimized in the past tended to be more positive toward the victim, although they did not blame her less. Contrary to expectations,past perpetration or expected future perpetration of sexual assault did not result in greater
victim blame. Results of this study were considered in light of a new theory of victim blame (McCaul, Veltum, Boyechko, & Crawford, 1990) that suggests rape need not be treated as a special instance in theories of attribution of responsibility. Results from the AQ scales supported the theory, but results from the thought-listing measures contradicted it. Contradictory findings suggested that rape must be considered as a unique type of event to be explained, and supported a feminist analysis that male/female socialization regarding sexuality affects reactions to sexual assault.
26
Kelly, Theresa. "Judgments and Perceptions Of Blame: The Impact Of Benevolent Sexism And Rape Type On Attributions Of Responsibility In Sexual Assault". Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/17781.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Observers’ attributions of culpability in sexual assault cases have been studied in the context of psycholegal variables to explain how they come to their conclusions. Most research has revealed that there are differences between stranger and acquaintance rape, where victims of the latter are more likely to be blamed (Allgeier & Allgeier, 1995; Bridges & McGrail, 1989; Littleton, 2001; Mynatt & Allgeier, 1990; Scronce & Corcoran, 1995; Schuller & Klippenstine, 2004; Tetreault & Barnett, 1987). However, the work has been largely limited to examining rape myth acceptance and gender differences of observers. The present study addressed these limitations. The goals of this study were: (1) to examine judgments of perpetrator responsibility, (2) to examine the relationship between benevolent sexism and victim blame in an acquaintance rape, (3) to examine as to how benevolent sexism influences assailant blame, and (4) to examine differences between males and females on a sexism measure in relation to attribution of blame.
This research utilized a community sample. Several groups of measures were utilized, including sexual assault vignettes with a questionnaire that assessed perceptions of sexual assault. Also administered were measures that assessed for social desirability, benevolent sexism, the preference for unequal relationships, and demographics. Two studies were conducted. The first one was a pilot study, which gathered qualitative and descriptive data for a measure designed specifically for this research. Participants (n= 20) reported that the measure was simple to read, understand and complete. The second study (200 participants) focused on the goals outlined and obtained reliability and principal components analysis information. Findings from study 2 revealed no significant differences between men and women in attribution of responsibility. However, assailant-victim relationship, and the presence of alcohol were statistically significant for blame. Although men scored higher on benevolent sexism in general, women obtained high scores when assailant-victim relationship and the presence of alcohol in the scenarios were taken into account. Similar to previous research (Abrams, Viki, Masser, & Bohner, 2003; Viki & Abrams, 2002; Viki, Masser, & Abrams, 2004), benevolent sexism was found to act as a moderator. Implications from results from this study were also discussed.
27
Mikalouski, Laurel. "Giving Virtuous People the License to Harass: The Role of Responsibility-Focused Power Embodiment and Moral Licensing on Sexual Harassment Perceptions". Thesis, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7912/C2/18.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)When the #MeToo movement hit its height, many of the powerful figures who were accused of harassment were people who had been previously seen as virtuous (Stockdale, Bell, Crosby, & Berdahl, 2019). The present study investigated how embodied power influenced sexual harassment (SH) judgments by manipulating the initiator to embody responsibility-focused, or self-focused power (compared to a control), and whether moral licensing, operationalized through moral crediting and moral credentialing, would mediate relations between power embodiment and SH judgments. Participants were 376 adults (42% female) residing in the U.S. who were recruited through Mturk. Moral crediting was significantly higher for perpetrators described as embodying responsibility-focused power, compared to a control condition (no power cues), which in turn was higher than perpetrators described as embodying self-focused power. Moral crediting was positively related to false accusations, SH severity (opposite of predictions), and severity of punishment. Additionally, there were gender differences in moral crediting such that the effects of power-embodiment on moral crediting were stronger for women than for men, though both were significant. Taken together, the findings of this study indicate that some initiators evade censure as their actions are seen as less severe when others believe them to have embodies responsibility-focused power. This should serve as an indication that SH is not always done by “bad actors”, but by those who appear to be virtuous. These findings should inform future SH policies, research, and training.
28
Leonardi, Viviane Cruz Zatesko. "A responsabilidade penal por transmissão sexual do VIH". Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/85771.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito apresentada à Faculdade de DireitoA proposta central do presente estudo se refere à análise da responsabilidade penal do agente transmissor do vírus da SIDA, por via sexual. Mesmo que dotado de caráter de ultima ratio, o Direito Penal cumpre um papel fundamental ao intervir nesta área, haja vista o considerável perigo que aludida enfermidade representa para a saúde e para a vida humanas. A fim de se resolver a problemática relativa à imputação do resultado à conduta – por se estar perante resultados tardios –, bem como de se proceder à adequação técnica da conduta ao tipo legal previsto – tendo em vista que Portugal não possui um tipo legal específico destinado à punição da conduta em tela –, convocam-se os delitos de homicídio, de ofensa à integridade física e de propagação de doença contagiosa como principais candidatos a tipificar tal conduta. Após analisar, individualmente, cada um destes delitos, apontando-se as possíveis dificuldades encontradas no momento da imputação, elege-se o tipo de ofensa à integridade física grave, previsto pelo artigo 144.º, alínea “d”, do Código Penal, como sendo a figura típica mais adequada a incriminar a ação de transmissão da SIDA. Na sequência, entretanto, defende-se que a realização do risco proibido não deve consistir no único critério a fim de que se proceda à imputação objetiva, devendo o alcance do tipo ser também avaliado no caso concreto. Para tanto, passa-se à apreciação da contribuição do ofendido, a qual, a depender do grupo em que este se encontra inserido, pode vir a influenciar na responsabilização penal do agente transmissor do vírus, de forma a diminuí-la ou até mesmo a excluí-la.
The main proposal of this current study is to analyze the criminal responsibility of the transmitter agent of the AIDS’s virus by sexual means. Even endowed with ultima ratio nature, the Criminal Law fulfills a crucial role by interfering in this area, considering the significant danger that the mentioned disease cause to humans’ health and life. Willing to solve the issue related to the imputation of the result to the transmitter’s conduct - for the results are behindhand -, as well of proceeding to the technical adequacy of the conduct to the legal type estimated - knowing that Portugal does not have a specific legal type destined to punish the conduct aforesaid -, the homicidal offense, the physical integrity offense and the contagious disease spread are called as main candidates to typify such conduct. After analysing, individually, each of these offenses, indicating the possible difficulties found in the moment of the imputation, the type of severe physical integrity offense is elected, predicted by the article 144.º, “d”, of the Portuguese Penal Code, as being the most adequate typical figure to incriminate the action of AIDS’s transmission. However, it is defended that the exercise of this behavior must not consist in the only measure to proceed with the objective imputation, due to the range of the type also being evaluated in the concrete case. Therefore, the contribution of the victim becomes a part of the analysis, which, depending on the context, can influence the criminal liability of the virus’s transmitter agent, reducing it or even nullifying it.
29
(10712076), Laurel A. Mikalouski. "GIVING VIRTUOUS PEOPLE THE LICENSE TO HARASS: THE ROLE OF RESPONSIBILITY-FOCUSED POWER EMBODIMENT AND MORAL LICENSING ON SEXUAL HARASSMENT PERCEPTIONS". Thesis, 2021.
Cerca il testo completoAbstract (sommario):
When the #MeToo movement hit its height, many of the powerful figures who were accused of harassment were people who had been previously seen as virtuous (Stockdale, Bell, Crosby, & Berdahl, 2019). The present study investigated how embodied power influenced sexual harassment (SH) judgments by manipulating the initiator to embody responsibility-focused, or self-focused power (compared to a control), and whether moral licensing, operationalized through moral crediting and moral credentialing, would mediate relations between power embodiment and SH judgments. Participants were 376 adults (42% female) residing in the U.S. who were recruited through Mturk. Moral crediting was significantly higher for perpetrators described as embodying responsibility-focused power, compared to a control condition (no power cues), which in turn was higher than perpetrators described as embodying self-focused power. Moral crediting was positively related to false accusations, SH severity (opposite of predictions), and severity of punishment. Additionally, there were gender differences in moral crediting such that the effects of power-embodiment on moral crediting were stronger for women than for men, though both were significant. Taken together, the findings of this study indicate that some initiators evade censure as their actions are seen as less severe when others believe them to have embodies responsibility-focused power. This should serve as an indication that SH is not always done by “bad actors”, but by those who appear to be virtuous. These findings should inform future SH policies, research, and training.
30
Kurtz, Sheri E. "Sorry is harder to say when you mean it clinicians' perceptions of working with juvenile sexual offenders on taking responsibility for their offenses /". 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/9828.
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31
Pinhal, Inês Isabel Rodrigues. "Abusos Sexuais contra Menores e o Exercício das Responsabilidades Parentais". Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/86704.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Jurídico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de DireitoA presente investigação debruça-se sobre o abuso sexual de menores, objeto de vasta e contínua discussão. Em especial, trata dos casos em que o agressor não exerce responsabilidades parentais relativamente à vítima do crime, mas sobre outros sujeitos, também eles menores de idade.Porque o interesse superior da criança consiste num bem jurídico fundamental na nossa comunidade, sempre que aquele não esteja plenamente assegurado, é legítima a atuação de uma entidade alheia à família, sendo esta quem tem, em primeira linha, o dever de assegurar o interesse superior da criança, grosso modo, o desenvolvimento integral e harmonioso daquela, criando-lhe todas as condições indispensáveis à sua efetivação.A proteção do interesse superior da criança pode então ser alcançada por diversas vias, de acordo com o quadro circunstancial no qual está inserida a criança.Assim propugnamos uma análise que incida não só sobre os abusos sexuais de menores, mas também sobre o regime das responsabilidades parentais. Considerando as finalidades do instituto das responsabilidades parentais e tomando como referência a proteção da autodeterminação sexual dos menores, pretendemos averiguar se o menor em convivência com o agressor que exerce responsabilidades parentais, se encontra numa situação de perigo. Em busca de uma solução que garanta a proteção do supremo interesse das crianças, critério orientador de toda e qualquer atuação, e através de um juízo de adequação, consideramos a possibilidade de se aplicar ao caso em discussão, alguma(s) das medidas já previstas no âmbito da lei penal, da lei civil e, nomeadamente, no âmbito do processo tutelar cível.
The present investigation focused on child sexual abuse which has been a very controversial issue. It will specifically deal with situations where the aggressor has not a parental relationship with his victims, but has his own underaged children.The best interest of the child is a fundamental juridical asset in our community, when it is not fully assured, it is legitimate to act from an entity outside the family, which is primarily responsible for ensuring the superior interest of the child, roughly, the integral and harmonious development of that one, creating all the indispensable conditions to its effectiveness.The protection of the child´s best interest can then be achieved by several routes, according to the circumstantial framework in which the child is inserted.Therefore, we advocate an analysis that focuses not only on child sexual abuse but also on the regime of parental responsibility.Considering the purposes of the institute of parental responsibilities and taking as a reference the protection of sexual self-determination of minors, we intend to find out if the child when living together with an aggressor who has parental responsabilities, is in danger of suffering sexual abuse.In search for a solution that ensures the child protection, using the child´s best interest as a guiding criteria in all scenarios, and through a judgment of adequacy where it is needed, will also be considered the possibility to apply in the case at hand, some of the practices already contemplated in the penal law, and also regarding the civil tutelary process.
32
Azevedo, Daniela Filipa dos Santos. "Os Crimes Sexuais no Direito Internacional". Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/85852.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito apresentada à Faculdade de DireitoA análise aqui efectuada começa por atender ao fenómeno do feminismo enquanto movimento social que apesar de diversificado, tem como um dos objectivos a atingir, o fim das estruturas patriarcais, cujo pilar central se baseia na violência de género. Como tal, procedemos à desconstrução da categoria género, que se afigura como uma representação que a sociedade efectua das nossas diferenças biológicas. Estas mesmas diferenças, que à partida, não apresentam consequências surgem como um dos grandes responsáveis pela discriminação de que é alvo a mulher comparativamente ao homem e que em consequência se traduzem na prática de crimes contra si, entre os quais os de cariz sexual. Sendo os conflitos armados, um território onde se privilegia o vigor físico enquanto símbolo da masculinidade dos soldados, a execução de crimes sexuais surge como um desfecho inevitável da junção desses ingredientes, como uma espécie de efeito natural dos conflitos armados ou mesmo como uma espécie de bónus para a prestação dos soldados em campo. Passamos a analisar posteriormente o modo como a violência sexual foi interpretada e analisada nos diversos tribunais internacionais e no fim, como evoluiu a responsabilidade criminal ao nível dos intervenientes da cadeia de militar, quer no que respeita aos pressupostos da responsabilidade comando, quer perante a Joint Criminal Enterprise.Palavras-chave: Feminismo - Violência de Género - Crimes Sexuais – Conflitos Armados -Responsabilidade Criminal - Joint Criminal Enterprise
The analysis made here begins by looking at the phenomenon of feminism as a social movement that although diversified, has as one of the objectives, the end of patriarchal structures, whose central pillar is based on gender violence. As such, we proceed to the deconstruction of the gender category, which appears essentially as a representation that society makes of our biological differences. These same differences, which have no consequences at the outset, appear as one of the main causes of discrimination against women compared to men, and which consequently result in crimes against them, including sexual offenses. The armed conflicts, a territory where physical vigor is a symbol of the masculinity of soldiers, the practice of sexual crimes arises as an inevitable consequence of the combination of these ingredients, sort of a natural consequence of the conflicts or even as a bonus for soldiers in the field. We went on to analyze later how sexual violence was interpreted and analyzed in the various international courts and, in the end, how the criminal responsibility at the level of the various actors in the chain of command evolved, not only at the level of the assumptions of command responsibility but also towards the joint criminal enterprise which is composed of three different categories.Keywords: Feminism - Gender Violence - Sexual Crimes –Rape–Sexual Slavery–Forced Marriage – Armed Conflicts - Criminal Responsibility – Command Responsibility –Joint Criminal Enterprise
33
Harper, Ainsley J. (Ainsley Jane). "Sexually transmitted debt : credibility, culpability and the burden of responsibility". 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh293.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Bibliography: leaves 230-248. This thesis examines the causes and consequences to women who, as a result of their marital of de facto relationship incur debt from their spouse/partner. First, it aims to describe the legal and social construction of sexually transmitted debt through a feminist analysis of the 1998 Australian High Court legal case of Garcia v National Australia Bank Ltd. It aims, second, to contribute to feminist understanding of financial decision-making within households by focussing on those decisions that lead to the accumulation of debt within the domestic sphere.
34
Van, Biljon Kenny. "The state's legal responsibility for the social reintegration of sexually abused children / Kenny van Biljon". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/12055.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Section 28(1)(d) of the Constitution guarantees a child the right to be protected against abuse. When a child’s constitutional rights are violated by an offender by means of sexual abuse and degradation, the state has a legal responsibility to restore that right. In determining whether the state is adhering to its legal responsibility to socially reintegrate sexually abused children, the Constitution, the VEP, the Victims’ Charter, the UPVM, legislation and one-stop centres were explored. It was found that none of these programs, charters and documents places an obligation on the state.
Section 39(1)(b) of the Constitution states that the court must consider international law when interpreting the Bill of Rights. The CRC, ACRWC, United Nations Declaration of Basic Principles were studied. It was found that although South Africa is a signatory to everyone, it does not adhere to the principles stated in the respected document.
Section 39(1)(c) of the Constitution states that the court may consider foreign law when interpreting the Bill of Rights. The dissertation does not consist of a comparative study. Each of Canada, Australia and New Zealand’s legislation was studied relating to compensation schemes in order to determine what lessons can be drawn from the three countries. It was found that each country has a unique compensation scheme. Although South Africa can learn from the way in which these schemes are administered and funded, the schemes of the three countries are not beyond critique. South Africa can therefore also take note of the negative aspects of the compensation schemes of the three countries so as to improve on it. It was found that through a literature study the state does not adhere to its legal responsibility to socially reintegrate sexually abused children. It is recommended that the state should consider implementing a state-funded compensation scheme to assist the children that have fallen victim to sexual abuse and degradation.LLM, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
35
Králik, Ján. "Sexuální vykořisťování a zneužívání páchané příslušníky mírových misí OSN". Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-368713.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The thesis provides legal analysis of sexual exploitation and abuse by UN peacekeepers with particular focus on military members of national peacekeeping contingents. It provides brief survey of peacekeeping operations thereby underlying their importance in the contemporary activities of the UN and describing factors that have caused or might led to sexual exploitation and abuse by UN peacekeepers. Furthermore, UN action towards those acts is described and it is also evaluated whether such steps are successful, sufficient and whether more could have been done or what more can be done in the future. A part is also dedicated to international humanitarian law perspective and international human rights law. In this context, the author tries to answer the question if and when the sexual exploitation and abuse by members of national peacekeeping contingents while deployed to a UN peacekeeping mission may constitute war crimes or crimes against humanity and whether there is a role to play by International Criminal Court. In the same vein, issues of extraterritorial application of human rights treaties are discussed. The question of international responsibility is the central topic of this thesis. Apart from individual responsibility of members of national peacekeeping contingents for acts of sexual...
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Malá, Kateřina. "Tři kritické hlasy poválečné americké literatury". Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-298313.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The thesis deals with critical views of the post-war American society as found in three literary works: Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman, J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye and Jack Kerouac's On the Road. The thesis's aim is to introduce briefly the post-war society and then, on basis of text analysis, to provide criticism expressed by each book mentioned above. Divided into four main parts, it describes the post-war situation in the United States (political, social and cultural) and thereafter it focuses on the books itself. It provides a short biographical summary of each author's life but it mainly targets the criticism the book contains. The post-war period was significant because of the change it brought. The society of the 1950s was characterized by many "booms" that contributed to its development. The main features of this period were consumerism and materialism; these were also the principal things subjected to criticism. The question the thesis wants to answer is whether this criticism was justified or not. This objective is realized in the conclusion. Based on all facts provided by the thesis, the answer is that the criticism was justified; however, it is not so easy and it is necessary to read the whole thesis to understand all reasons that led to this conclusion and to think over...