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Roberts, Hannah, Angus Clark, Carter Sherman, Mary M. Heitzeg e Brian M. Hicks. "Age, sex, and other demographic trends in sexual behavior in the United States: Initial findings of the sexual behaviors, internet use, and psychological adjustment survey". PLOS ONE 16, n. 8 (6 agosto 2021): e0255371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255371.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
It remains unclear how the seemingly ubiquitous use of the internet impacts user’s offline personal relationships, particularly those that are romantic or sexual. Therefore, we conducted a national online survey to better understand the associations among internet use, sexual behavior, and adjustment called the Sexual Behaviors, Internet Use, and Psychological Adjustment Survey (SIPS). Here, we report patterns of sexual behavior in a sample of adults (N = 1987; ages 18–70) in the United States to establish its representativeness and consistency with similar recent surveys. We found age- and sex-related trends in oral, vaginal, and anal sex in terms of prevalence, frequency, number of partners, and age of initiation consistent with prior studies. We also detected differences in sexual behaviors based on relationship status and sexual orientation, but small and relatively few significant differences across racial and ethnic groups. The results confirm and expand upon trends identified in prior national surveys of sexual behavior, establishing the representativeness of the SIPS sample for use in future research examining the links among sexual behaviors and romantic relationships, internet use, and adjustment.
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King, Bruce M. "The Influence of Social Desirability on Sexual Behavior Surveys: A Review". Archives of Sexual Behavior 51, n. 3 (10 febbraio 2022): 1495–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-02197-0.
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AbstractResearch in fields for which self-reported behaviors can be compared with factual data reveals that misreporting is pervasive and often extreme. The degree of misreporting is correlated with the level of social desirability, i.e., the need to respond in a culturally appropriate manner. People who are influenced by social desirability tend to over-report culturally desired behaviors and under-report undesired behaviors. This paper reviews socially desirable responding in sexual behavior research. Given the very private nature of the sexual activity, sex researchers generally lack a gold standard by which to compare self-reported sexual behaviors and have relied on the anonymity of participants as the methodology to assure honest answers on sexual behavior surveys. However, indirect evidence indicates that under-reporting (e.g., of a number of sexual partners, receptive anal intercourse, condom use) is common. Among the general population, several studies have now reported that even with anonymous responding, there are significant correlations between a variety of self-reported sexual behaviors (e.g., use of condoms, sexual fantasies, exposure to pornography, penis size) and social desirability, with evidence that extreme under- or over-reporting is as common as is found in other fields. When asking highly sensitive questions, sex researchers should always include a measure of social desirability and take that into account when analyzing their results.
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Hamilton, Deven T., e Martina Morris. "Consistency of Self-Reported Sexual Behavior in Surveys". Archives of Sexual Behavior 39, n. 4 (9 luglio 2009): 842–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-009-9505-7.
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Daminato, Luca, Greta Riboli, Mattia Nese, Gianni Brighetti, Daniel Giunti e Rosita Borlimi. "How Italians Transgress: A Survey on Rough Sexual Behaviors in a Sample of Italians". Sexes 5, n. 2 (25 aprile 2024): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sexes5020005.
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Surveys of the Italian population typically assess general sexual behaviors (e.g., oral, vaginal and anal intercourse). However, little is known about other sexual behavior such as rough sexual behaviors, choking and slapping. Thus, an online cross-sectional survey of 4618 Italian participants was conducted. In the past month, the most prevalent sexual behaviors were solo masturbation (93.6%), partner masturbation (80.0%), oral sex (71.4% received, 75.9% performed), penile–vaginal intercourse (75.7%) and anal intercourse (12.5% received, 7.1% performed). Regarding rough sexual behaviors, the most common behaviors performed were spanking (23.3% received, 55.5% performed), choking (13.2% receive, 60.0% performed), slapping (30.1% received, 20.9% performed) and name calling (44.5% received, 37.0% performed). Our results suggest a gender difference where men and transgender/non-binary individuals perform more rough sexual behaviors compared to women. Moreover, regarding the role of consent in behaviors such as choking and slapping, our results highlight the importance of sexual and affective education to implement sexual assertiveness. In conclusion, this study adds knowledge to the limited literature on this topic, especially with respect to the Italian population.
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Lindberg, Laura D., Rachel H. Scott, Sheila Desai e Zoe H. Pleasure. "Comparability of estimates and trends in adolescent sexual and contraceptive behaviors from two national surveys: National Survey of Family Growth and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey". PLOS ONE 16, n. 7 (30 luglio 2021): e0253262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253262.
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Objective To compare adolescents’ reports of sexual and contraceptive behaviors between the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). Methods For each survey, we estimated the year- and sex-specific prevalence of sexual and contraceptive behaviors among a comparably defined sample of US respondents ages 15–19 currently attending high school. We used logistic regression to test for changes in prevalence from 2007–2019 and conducted sensitivity analyses to investigate between-survey differences. Results We found differences in both prevalence and trends between the YRBS and NSFG when limited to a comparably defined sample. Compared to the NSFG, adolescents in the YRBS were more likely to report being sexually experienced, less likely to report use of prescription methods for both sexes, and less likely to report condoms among males. Only the YRBS estimated significant declines in sexual experience for both sexes, and significant increases in prescription methods and declines in condom use among males. Differences between surveys in the prevalence of specific contraceptive methods reflected greater combined use of methods in the NSFG. We identified differences in question-wording and other aspects that may influence these differential patterns. Conclusions The NSFG and YRBS produced inconsistent prevalence estimates and trends for sexual and contraceptive behaviors among in-school adolescents. Further efforts to improve these national surveillance systems are critical to inform policy and research efforts that support adolescent sexual and reproductive health and wellbeing.
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Hill, Julie C., Julia A. Graber, Esther Jean-Baptiste e Kelly J. Johnson. "Factors Associated With Attitude-Behavior Conflicts Among Sexually Experienced, Rural, Early Adolescents". Journal of Early Adolescence 39, n. 1 (27 agosto 2017): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431617725194.
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Adolescents’ attitudes predict sexual behavior; therefore, attitudes are targeted in sexually transmitted infection (STI) and pregnancy prevention programs. However, attitudes and behaviors do not always align. Young adolescents who have had penile vaginal intercourse (PVI) and have attitudes supportive of PVI have two risk factors for future health risks while those with attitudes in conflict with PVI experience (i.e., attitudes not supportive of PVI) only have one risk factor, that is, early sexual debut. Rural sixth- to eighth-grade students in southern, central Florida who had PVI experience ( N = 162) completed surveys about their sexual history, substance use, PVI refusal skills, and PVI attitudes. Logistic regressions found that longer time since PVI, never trying other drugs, and better PVI refusal skills predicted higher odds of attitude-behavior conflict; thus, youth with attitude-behavior conflicts have fewer predictors of sexual health risk than those without attitude-behaviors conflicts. Those without attitude-behaviors conflicts likely need more focused and intensive interventions.
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Michaels, Stuart, e Brigitte Lhomond. "Conceptualization and measurement of homosexuality in sex surveys: a critical review". Cadernos de Saúde Pública 22, n. 7 (luglio 2006): 1365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2006000700002.
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This article reviews major national population sex surveys that have asked questions about homosexuality focusing on conceptual and methodological issues, including the definitions of sex, the measured aspects of homosexuality, sampling and interviewing technique, and questionnaire design. Reported rates of major measures of same-sex attraction, behavior, partners, and sexual identity from surveys are also presented and compared. The study of homosexuality in surveys has been shaped by the research traditions and questions ranging from sexology to the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS. Sexual behavior has been a central topic at least since Kinsey. Issues of sexual attraction and/or orientation and sexual identity have emerged more recently. Differences in the treatment of men and women in the design and analysis of surveys as well as in the reported rates in different surveys, in different countries and time periods are also presented and discussed. We point out the importance of the consideration of both methodological and social change issues in assessing such differences.
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Steckenrider, Janie. "SEXUAL ACTIVITY OF OLDER ADULTS: WE’RE ASKING THE WRONG QUESTIONS". Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (1 novembre 2022): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1920.
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Abstract Sexual activity of older adults is an under researched area as most surveys on sexual behavior end at age 60 reflecting the myth that older adults are not sexually active. Only recently has survey data asked specifically about sexual activity of those ages 60 to 95. Their consensus is over half of males and a third of females over 70 are sexually active. Most striking is the current body of research almost exclusively defines sexual activity measured as partnered sexual behaviors of intercourse, fondling, kissing, touching. Given the reality for many older adults lacking an active sex partner due to death, sexual dysfunction, or serious illness, the aim of this study was to determine if the right survey questions are being asked for older adults. Seven major surveys, underlying most current research, were analyzed regarding solitary sex (masturbation) compared to partnered sex. Results of this study found extensive questioning about aspects of partnered sex including pleasure, satisfaction, pain, relationship status, sexual functioning, anxiety, individual sexual acts, etc. compared to only two questions about masturbation, both only about frequency. The psychological and physiological benefits of sexual activity, both partnered and solo sex, are well documented and correlate with higher life satisfaction for older adults. Sexual activity needs to be redefined to also include solitary sex and this begins by asking the right questions. This study has implications for the need to bring a broader perspective in promoting a healthy sex life among older adults, defined both as partnered and solitary sex.
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Tran, Nguyen, Neal Goldstein e Seth Welles. "Bias Adjustment Techniques Are Underutilized in HIV Sexual Risk Estimation: A Systematic Review". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, n. 8 (9 agosto 2018): 1696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081696.
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Background: Valid measurement of determinants of HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) is critical for intervention planning and resource allocation. However, sexual minority research concerning HIV risk often relies on proxy exposures of sexual behaviors such as sexual orientation and partner gender. Inferring high risk sexual behaviors (i.e., condomless anal intercourse) from these proxies inaccurately captures HIV risk, but few studies have attempted to correct for this bias. Methods: We performed a systematic review of methodological practices for estimating risk of HIV infection among MSM. Results: We identified 32 studies in which high risk sexual behavior was assessed: 82% (n = 26) measured and used sexual risk behaviors (e.g., condomless anal intercourse or sexual positioning) to assess risk of HIV infection; 9% (n = 3) used proxy measures; and 9% (n = 3) used both behavior and proxy variables. Various treatments of misclassification reported by investigators included the following: 82% (n = 26) discussed misclassification of sexual behavior as a potential limitation; however, among these studies, no attempts were made to correct misclassification; 12% (n = 4) did not report exposure misclassification, and 6% (n = 2) explicitly considered this information bias and conducted a Bayesian approach to correct for misclassification. Conclusions: Our systematic review indicates that a majority of studies engaging in collecting primary data have taken additional steps to acquire detailed information regarding sexual risk behaviors. However, reliance on population-based surveys may still lead to potentially biased estimates. Thus, bias analytic techniques are potential tools to control for any suspected biases.
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Lee, Jane, e Susan Cassels. "Immigrant Generational Differences in Social Support and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Seattle, Washington". AIDS Education and Prevention 32, n. 4 (agosto 2020): 282–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2020.32.4.282.
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Different immigrant generations may encounter distinct sexual opportunities with implications for HIV transmission. Yet, few studies have examined how immigrant generational status is associated with sexual risk behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM). We explored relationships between immigrant generational status, social support, and sexual risk behaviors among English-speaking MSM using data from surveys conducted in Seattle, Washington, in 2014 (n = 323). We compared the sexual risk behaviors and social support of first-generation, second-generation, and third- and higher-generation MSM, and examined whether immigrant generational status and social support were associated with sexual risk behaviors using logistic regression models. Second-generation MSM reported lower friend social support than first- or third- and higher-generation MSM (p < .05). However, immigrant generational status was not associated with sexual risk behavior outcomes, even after accounting for social support. Results suggest that differences in immigration processes such as acculturation may be more predictive of risk behaviors than generational status alone.
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Santelli, John S., Laura Duberstein Lindberg, Joyce Abma, Clea Sucoff McNeely e Michael Resnick. "Adolescent Sexual Behavior: Estimates and Trends from Four Nationally Representative Surveys". Family Planning Perspectives 32, n. 4 (luglio 2000): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2648232.
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Lee, Tae-Rynn, e Ho-Dae Cho. "A Study on the Community Response of Sexual Behavior Problems in Children". Korean Society of Private Security 21, n. 5 (30 dicembre 2022): 141–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.56603/jksps.2022.21.5.141.
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A six-year-old girl was sexually assaulted by a fellow classmate at a daycare center multiple times in Seongnam, Gyeonggi Province in 2020. The issue was brought to light after the victim’s mother posted petitions on the Cheong WaDae website calling for better protection and punishment of the perpetrators. Sexual violence has taken placed in daycare centers and this issue should be dealt with properly by authorities. The study conducted perception surveys on children’s sexual behavior problems in daycare center in Area C, Chungnam Province, identified teachers’ needs and perception, and suggested the effective guidelines and protection against the problems. The surveys consisted of the questions which identified the realities, perception of children’s sexual behavior problems and what the 170 directors needed in daycare centers in Chungnam Province, and a frequency analysis method was applied. The results are as follows. First, prevention program should be developed to prevent children’s sexual behavior problems. Second, local communities should prepare a task force team on children’s sexual behavior problems in advance and it would better to make the team consist of local community professionals to handle the problems appropriately. Third, the program should be instigated to educate child assaulter and assaulter’s parents on sexual violence relapse prevention. Fourth, child victim and victim’s parents should be supported with mental health recovery programs.
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Rickard, Meghan E., Kate S. Lomac-MacNair, Darren S. Ireland, Sarah M. Leiter, Mitchell D. Poster e Ann M. Zoidis. "Evidence of Large Whale Socio-Sexual Behavior in the New York Bight". Aquatic Mammals 48, n. 5 (15 settembre 2022): 401–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1578/am.48.5.2022.401.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Large whales, including the endangered sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis), sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus), and North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis), are known to occur in the New York Bight. However, relatively little data exist on social behavior typical of these species in the area. The U.S. Mid-Atlantic has traditionally been considered a large whale migratory corridor with few surveys documenting social dynamics of whale presence in these waters. To better understand the occurrence, distribution, abundance, and behavior of these species for management and conservation planning, monthly line-transect aerial surveys were conducted over a 3-year period from March 2017 to February 2020. During these surveys, three noteworthy socio-sexual behavior events were observed and photographed within groups of sei whales (April 2019), sperm whales (September 2019), and right whales (December 2019). Events included what could be either non-reproductive sexual behavior (socio-sexual behavior) or sexual behavior (copulation) among conspecifics, including mirror pair swimming, lateral and vertical presenting, and belly to belly contact. During all three events, groups were highly active at the surface, frequently and quickly changing speed and direction, and animals were predominantly less than one body length apart from other conspecifics in the group. All species were recorded rolling onto their sides and/or back while at or near the surface. Open mouth display occurred in the North Atlantic right whale event. Though copulation is unlikely to have transpired during the sperm whale event and could not have occurred during the right whale event due to the identification of same-sex individuals, it cannot be ruled out as the impetus for the sei whale event. These observations begin to describe the relative importance of the New York Bight as more than a migratory corridor and suggest that additional behaviorally focused data collection be incorporated into future surveys.
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McMahon, Sarah, Jane E. Palmer, Victoria Banyard, Megan Murphy e Christine A. Gidycz. "Measuring Bystander Behavior in the Context of Sexual Violence Prevention: Lessons Learned and New Directions". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, n. 16 (5 luglio 2015): 2396–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515591979.
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Bystander intervention is receiving increased attention as a potential sexual violence prevention strategy, especially to address campus sexual assault. Rather than focusing on potential perpetrators or victims, the bystander approach engages all members of a community to take action. A growing body of evaluative work demonstrates that bystander intervention education programs yield increased positive attitudes and behaviors related to sexual violence and greater willingness to intervene in pro-social ways. Future program outcome studies, however, would benefit from more refined measures of bystander action as it is a key variable that prevention education programs attempt to influence. The purpose of the current article is to present key issues, identified by four different research teams, on the measurement of bystander behavior related to sexual violence in the context of college campuses. Comparisons among the methods are made to suggest both lessons learned and new directions for bystander behavior measurement using self-report surveys in program evaluation.
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Hallum-Montes, Rachel, Rohan D’Souza, Maria Isabel Tavarez, Russell Manzanero, Grace E. Dann, Helen M. Chun e Michael P. Anastario. "Condom Use During Last Sexual Contact and Last 30 Days in Two Samples of Caribbean Military Personnel". American Journal of Men's Health 6, n. 2 (21 novembre 2011): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988311418218.
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Condom use during last sexual contact is a survey measure that may be used to inform monitoring and evaluation indicators of recent condom use in populations at risk for HIV infection and other sexually transmitted infections, such as the uniformed services. The authors tested for differences in condom use measures that were fielded within separate Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Surveys conducted in the armed forces of two separate nations: the Dominican Republic and Belize. Both surveys included measures of condom use during last sexual contact with specified partners and both surveys included the Risk Behavior Assessment (RBA), which measures specific sexual acts and condom use frequency during a specified time period. In both samples, more than 40% of respondents who reported condom use during last sexual contact with a regular partner also reported engaging in unprotected sex when screened with the RBA. Furthermore, more than 60% of respondents who reported condom use during last sexual encounter with a commercial sex worker also reported engaging in unprotected sex when screened with the RBA. The results carry implications for monitoring and evaluation indicators of large-scale HIV prevention programs. The authors recommend that, when feasible, more in-depth instruments such as the RBA be considered to measure recent condom use in populations of uniformed services personnel.
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Bruno, Victoria V. "Risky Sexual Behavior of Modern Teenagers in Russia. Part II". Sociologicheskaja nauka i social naja praktika 7, n. 1 (2019): 112–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2019.7.1.6273.
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This work is a continuation of the article on risky sexual behavior among young people. In this part, based on a review of various studies, as well as the results of their own surveys of students of schools, colleges and universities, such forms of sexually dangerous behavior as promiscuity, sexual intercourse with alcohol and drug use, child-teen prostitution are considered. It is revealed that different forms of deviant behavior and sexually dangerous behavior very often accompany each other. Teenagers having one type of problem behavior, are likely to have the others. Alcohol and drug use is a central element of risky behavior among adolescents and young people. In particular, the relationship between substance use and sexual behavior has been identified. The influence of the Internet on sexual behavior of teenagers is considered, modern types of virtual sexual activity of teenagers on the Internet and the associated risks are analyzed risks are analyzed.
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Rosario, Margaret, Heather L. Corliss, Bethany G. Everett, Sari L. Reisner, S. Bryn Austin, Francisco O. Buchting e Michelle Birkett. "Sexual Orientation Disparities in Cancer-Related Risk Behaviors of Tobacco, Alcohol, Sexual Behaviors, and Diet and Physical Activity: Pooled Youth Risk Behavior Surveys". American Journal of Public Health 104, n. 2 (febbraio 2014): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2013.301506.
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Pozdnyakova, Margarita E. "Risky Sexual Behavior as a Factor in Spreading HIV Infection in Russia. Part II". Sociologicheskaja nauka i social naja praktika 6, n. 4 (2018): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2018.6.4.6088.
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This work continues an article on risky sexual behavior and the spread of HIV infection. In this part, based on the results of surveys of the working-age population, the youth and the target group of psychoactive substance users, the relationship between increase in drug use and sexual behavior is examined. It is shown that use of certain drugs is connected to increase in sexual activity. Injecting drug users play a special role in the spread of HIV infection. The survey of the target group of drug users allowed us to describe a modern portrait of an injecting drug user, as well as the peculiarities of drug use and common high-risk sexual practices in this group. The impact on the rate of infection from the Russian penitentiary system is considered. It was revealed that with an annual decrease in the number of prisoners, the proportion of HIV-infected people is constantly growing, while HIV infection is by far the most frequent cause of death for convicts in Russia. The factors that influence HIV incidence rate among the convicts are examined.
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Landale, Nancy S., e Avery M. Guest. "Ideology and Sexuality among Victorian Women". Social Science History 10, n. 2 (1986): 147–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200015376.
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In recent years, American society has engaged in what is frequently described as a “sexual revolution” involving significant changes in relationships between men and women. As a result of extensive social surveys, we know that both specific behaviors and the prevailing ideology regarding appropriate standards of behavior have been subject to rapid change. In the past two decades, rates of sexual intercourse and intimacy have increased (Hunt, 1974; Westoff, 1974), use of effective contraception has become widespread, and it is increasingly accepted that a physical and emotional attraction between members of the opposite sex might lead to a sexual relationship. In short, participation in sexual activity has come to be seen as a natural outgrowth of the enjoyment of sex.
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Chirinos, Jesús L., Claire Brindis, Sheri Tye e Virginia McCarter. "Differences and similarities in sexual and contraceptive knowledge, attitudes, and behavior among Latino male adolescent students in California, United States and Lima, Peru". Cadernos de Saúde Pública 17, n. 4 (agosto 2001): 833–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2001000400017.
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To identify the differences and similarities in sexual and contraceptive knowledge, attitudes, and behavior among Latino male adolescent students living in California and Lima. Self-administered, anonymous surveys were completed by Latino male students aged 12-19 participating in California, and by male adolescent students in four high schools in Lima. Both surveys contained similar questions allowing for comparisons regarding sexual activity and contraceptive behavior. The mean age of male students were 16 and 15 years, respectively. More California males reported having engaged in sexual intercourse (69% vs 43%. The sexual debut was 13 years in both samples. More students in California were aware of their risk of pregnancy at first sexual intercourse than in Lima (82% vs 50%). One-third of the California males reported communicating with their partner about sex and contraception to be "easy" as compared to 53% of males in Lima. More students in California reported knowing a place to obtain contraceptives if they need them (85% vs 63%), having ever gotten someone pregnant (29% vs 7%), and having fathered a child (67% vs 16%).
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Bagley, Christopher, Floyd Bolitho e Lorne Bertrand. "Mental Health Profiles, Suicidal Behavior, and Community Sexual Assault in 2112 Canadian Adolescents". Crisis 16, n. 3 (maggio 1995): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.16.3.126.
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1025 females and 1087 males in grades 7-12 in Alberta high schools completed measures of emotional and behavioral problems and suicidal behaviors, and of frequency of sexual assaults outside of school. Both males and females experiencing a high number of sexual assaults in the previous 6 months were significantly more likely to have clinical profiles on measures of conduct disorder, somatic disorder, and emotional disorder. 13.2% of 53 girls with frequent, unwanted sexual contact had made more than two suicidal gestures or suicide attempts in the previous 6 months, compared with 1.3% of 783 girls with no experience of sexual assault. 33.3% of 18 boys experiencing frequent sexual assault were suicidal, compared with 0.9% of 1064 boys with no recent experience of sexual assault. These results are in line with results of other recent Canadian surveys.
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Wiginton, John Mark, Sarah M. Murray, Jura Augustinavicius, Jessica L. Maksut, Bridget J. Anderson, Kwa Sey, Yingbo Ma et al. "Metrics of Sexual Behavior Stigma Among Cisgender Men Who Have Sex With Men in 9 Cities Across the United States". American Journal of Epidemiology 191, n. 1 (19 ottobre 2021): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwab240.
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Abstract Men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States are stigmatized for their same-sex practices, which can lead to risky sexual behavior, potentiating risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Improved measurement is necessary for accurately reporting and mitigating sexual behavior stigma. We added 13 sexual behavior stigma items to local surveys administered in 2017 at 9 sites in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National HIV Behavioral Surveillance system, which uses venue-based, time-sampling procedures to survey cisgender MSM in US Census Metropolitan Statistical Areas. We performed exploratory factor analytical procedures on site-specific (Baltimore, Maryland; Denver, Colorado; Detroit, Michigan; Houston, Texas; Nassau-Suffolk, New York; Portland, Oregon; Los Angeles, California; San Diego, California; and Virginia Beach-Norfolk, Virginia) and pooled responses to the survey items. A 3-factor solution—“stigma from family” (α = 0.70), “anticipated health-care stigma” (α = 0.75), and “general social stigma” (α = 0.66)—best fitted the pooled data and was the best-fitting solution across sites. Findings demonstrate that MSM across the United States experience sexual behavior stigma similarly. The results reflect the programmatic utility of enhanced stigma measurement, including tracking trends in stigma over time, making regional comparisons of stigma burden, and supporting evaluation of stigma-mitigation interventions among MSM across the United States.
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Sun, Christina J., Esther S. Seloilwe, Mabel Magowe, Kefalotse Dithole e Janet S. St Lawrence. "Substantial Increase in Transactional Sex and HIV Risk Among Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results From a Repeated Cross-Sectional Study in Botswana". AIDS Education and Prevention 34, n. 4 (agosto 2022): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2022.34.4.325.
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The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting public health response has disrupted the lives of adolescents and their families worldwide. We evaluated the impact of the pandemic on attitudes, beliefs, and sexual risk behavior among adolescents in Botswana. Participants were recruited using household-based sampling across residential districts (blocks) in and around Gaborone, Botswana, and completed surveys on laptop computers at a private, central location. We compared baseline survey data from 380 adolescents who completed the survey pre-pandemic (n = 139) to those who completed the survey intra-pandemic (n = 241). Participants had a mean age of 15.2 years; 58.6% were girls and 41.4% were boys. Intra-pandemic, participants reported greater engagement in transactional sex (38.1% compared to 13.6% pre-pandemic, p <. 05), more favorable attitudes toward transactional sex with sugar daddies and sugar mommies (p <. 05), greater intentions to remain sexually active in the future (29.2% vs.13.6%, respectively, p <.05), and lower self-efficacy in handling risky sexual situations (p < .01). Public health interventions that lessen these concerning shifts in attitudes and behaviors will be key to protecting the sexual health of adolescents and to supporting their safe transition to adulthood.
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Chen, Guohong, e Takeo Fujiwara. "Impact of One-Year Methadone Maintenance Treatment in Heroin Users in Jiangsu Province, China". Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 3 (gennaio 2009): SART.S2914. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/sart.s2914.
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Context Although the effectiveness of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is well-established in many countries, it is a relatively new therapy for heroin users in China. Jiangsu Province, a relatively wealthy province, set up 4 MMT clinics in February 2006. No previous studies have evaluated the impact of MMT in a wealthy Chinese province. Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of a 1-year MMT among heroin users in Jiangsu Province. We investigated the impact of the treatment by examining the following outcomes: 1) reduction of heroin use, 2) increase of appropriate sexual intercourse, 3) reduction of antisocial behavior, 4) increase of better social and family relationships, and 5) HIV prevalence among heroin users in MMT clinics. Design and Setting Repeated cross-sectional surveys were conducted before and after heroin users in Jiangsu Province received at least 1-year of treatment in the MMT clinics. A questionnaire survey was implemented for those who agreed to participate from March to April 2006, before the initiation of MMT (N = 554). The second survey was from August to September 2007 and was administered to those who received MMT for more than 1 year (N = 804). One hundred and ninety-six patients who were investigated in both surveys were included in a longitudinal study to evaluate the factors attributable to behavior change. Results MMT helped in reducing the percentage of heroin injection and also improved social and familial relationships. Antisocial behavior, including theft, prostitution, and dealing in heroin, decreased after 1-year treatment in the MMT clinics. However, the percentage of patients using condoms was not statistically significant. No case was found to be HIV-positive among those who received more than 1 year MMT. In the longitudinal study of 196 patients who participated in both surveys, no specific demographic variables were found to be associated with heroin use, anti-social behaviors after 1-year MMT. Conclusions MMT was thought to reduce heroin use, antisocial behaviors and HIV prevalence, and increased appropriate sexual intercourse behaviors and better social and family relationships among heroin users in a wealthy province in China, which was true regardless of gender, age, marital status, or working status.
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Hailegebrea, Samuel. "Spatial pattern and determinants of early sexual initiation among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia". Clinical Gynaecology and Breast 1, n. 2 (4 novembre 2022): 01–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2834-8427/006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Early sexual initiation is often considered risky sexual behavior because of its adverse effects like sexually transmitted infection or unintended pregnancy. Thus, in this study, we aimed to assess spatial patterns, and determinants of early age sexual initiation among reproductive women to provide information for the policymakers. Methods: We used cross-sectional data from the 2005-2016 EDHS. We considered all nine regions and two city administrations. We applied multi-level logistic regression for determinants and spatial analysis for their distribution. We used a p-value of less than0.25 to include variables before modeling and a p-value less than0.05 with 95 Percentage CI to declare association. Results: The trend prevalence of early sexual initiation was decreased from 72.90 Percentage to 66.95 Percentage from 2005 to 2016 over the three surveys. Amhara, Afar, Tigray, Benshangul, and Gambella region were hotspots in all 2005, 2011, and 2016 surveys. Eastern Oromia,and Somali had hotspot in 2016 survey. Age, marital status, education, ever had chewed khat, region, and residence were significantly associated with early sexual initiation among reproductive age women. Conclusion: Although we saw decreased early sexual initiation over the three surveys, the problem remained profound in the country and factors like age, marital status, education, ever chewed khat, region, and residence were associated. Enlightening access to education, promotion, and behavioral change among substance users and early marriage were forwarded for improvement by the team to the region holding the problem like in Amhara, Tigray, Afar, and Beneshangul regions.
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Case, Anne, e Christina Paxson. "HIV Risk and Adolescent Behaviors in Africa". American Economic Review 103, n. 3 (1 maggio 2013): 433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.3.433.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We investigate the relationship between HIV, marriage and nonmarital sexual activity, with a focus on adolescent behaviors. We use data from 45 Demographic and Health Surveys to examine how adolescent behavior among women born from 1958 to 1965 are related to the subsequent spread of HIV over time. These women were adolescents during the early 1980s, a time when HIV had started to spread but the cause was still unknown. We find that areas with currently high HIV rates had greater female education and more premarital sexual activity in the cohorts that came of age before HIV was understood.
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Pereira, H. "Mental health, suicidal behavior and sexual orientation in Portugal". European Psychiatry 64, S1 (aprile 2021): S583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1555.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
IntroductionSexual minority individuals consistently report higher rates of mental disorders and suicidal behavior than heterosexuals. However, much of this research is limited to Anglo-Saxon studies and no information on Portuguese reality is available.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to compare levels of mental functioning and suicidal behavior among heterosexual, bisexual, and homosexual individuals in Portugal.MethodsUsing online surveys, 1140 individuals (62.40% women, Mage = 36.83, SDage = 13.39, 76.4% heterosexual, 9.4% bisexual, and 14.2% gay or lesbian) completed the BSI subscales for depression and anxiety symptoms, as well as the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised.ResultsSelf-identified bisexual participants presented higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms and higher levels of suicidal ideation and likelihood of suicidal behavior than homosexual and heterosexual participants (who scored the lowest); yet, homosexual participants showed higher levels of suicide attempts. Also, depression and anxiety symptoms were strongly and positively correlated with all dimensions of suicidal behavior. Finally, hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that higher levels of depression and non-heterosexual sexual orientations were significant predictors of suicidal ideation and the likelihood of suicidal behavior.ConclusionsThe present study adds to the evidence that sexual minority individuals are at risk of increased mental health problems and suicidal behavior, compared to heterosexuals, and reiterates the need for local political and legislative efforts to normalize LGB identities, fighting continued institutional heterosexism, interpersonal intolerance. Mental health providers and mental health policymakers need to consider these results if they want to address inequalities in mental health and in suicidality among these minority groups.
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Suarez, Nicolas A., Adina C. Cooper, Wojciech Kaczkowski, Jingjing Li, Leah Robin e Valerie M. Sims. "Associations of a Multilevel School Health Program and Health Outcomes Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Youth". AIDS Education and Prevention 34, n. 5 (ottobre 2022): 395–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2022.34.5.395.
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Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adolescents are often at higher risk than their heterosexual peers for adverse sexual health, violence, mental health, and substance use outcomes. Schools are a vital resource for enhancing protective behaviors and reducing risk behaviors. Sixteen school districts selected schools to implement a sexual health program (exposed) or usual programming (unexposed). We analyzed LGB student health outcomes using 2015 and 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys. Analyses compared LGB student health outcomes by exposure status across time points using a multilevel approach. Program exposure was associated with decreased odds of ever having sex, ever testing for HIV, and using effective hormonal birth control, and an increased odds of condom use. There were no significant findings among secondary violence, mental health, and substance use outcomes. This evaluation highlights the potential for schools to reduce sexual risk behaviors among LGB youth, and opportunities to improve access to health services.
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Spira, A., N. Bajos, A. Giami e S. Michaels. "Cross-national comparisons of sexual behavior surveys--methodological difficulties and lessons for prevention." American Journal of Public Health 88, n. 5 (maggio 1998): 730–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.88.5.730.
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Huang, Yingying, Laurie Abler, Suiming Pan, Gail E. Henderson, Xin Wang, Xingliang Yao e William L. Parish. "Population-Based Sexual Behavior Surveys in China: Liuzhou Compared with Other Prefectural Cities". AIDS and Behavior 18, S2 (31 ottobre 2013): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-013-0645-3.
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Briken, Peer, e Silja Matthiessen. "Sex-Survey-Forschung in Deutschland". Zeitschrift für Sexualforschung 31, n. 03 (settembre 2018): 215–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0663-3834.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
70 Jahre nach Alfred C. Kinseys „Sexual Behavior in the Human Male“ (1948) und seinem skandalumwitterten zweiten Band „Sexual Behavior in the Human Female“ (1953) liegen keine umfassenden repräsentativen Daten zum sexuellen Verhalten von Männern und Frauen in Deutschland vor. Das vorliegende Schwerpunkheft stellt nun erste Ergebnisse einer Pilotstudie für einen repräsentativen Sex-Survey in Deutschland zusammen. Die Pilotstudie wurde 2017 durchgeführt, mit den Vorbereitungen wurde allerdings schon 2015 begonnen. Zunächst erfolgten eine umfassende Recherche der Erhebungsinstrumente und Studiendesigns vergleichbarer Sex-Surveys in anderen europäischen Ländern sowie umfangreiche Vorarbeiten zur Entwicklung eines Indikatorensatzes und Fragebogens für eine Studie zur Sexualität Erwachsener in Deutschland. Anders als in vielen anderen Ländern Europas und der westlichen Welt liegen auch Indikatoren zur „Sexuellen Gesundheit“ für Deutschland im engeren Sinne bislang nicht vor.
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Abbey, Antonia. "Misperceptions of Friendly Behavior as Sexual Interest: A Survey of Naturally Occurring Incidents". Psychology of Women Quarterly 11, n. 2 (giugno 1987): 173–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1987.tb00782.x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The studies described in this article examine retrospective reports of naturally occurring misperceptions of friendliness as sexual interest. Previous research has demonstrated that men perceive other people and situations more sexually than women do. The purpose of this research was to examine how this gender difference in perceptions of sexuality is exhibited in actual interactions between women and men. Two surveys of undergraduates were conducted. The results indicated that a large percentage of both women and men had experienced such misperceptions, although more women had than men. Most of these incidents were quickly resolved without problems; however, others involved some degree of forced sexual activity and left the individual feeling angry, humiliated, and depressed. Gender differences in the characteristics of these incidents and reactions to them are described. The implications of these findings for future research on gender differences in perceptions of sexual intent are discussed.
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Rosario, Margaret, Heather L. Corliss, Bethany G. Everett, Stephen T. Russell, Francisco O. Buchting e Michelle A. Birkett. "Mediation by Peer Violence Victimization of Sexual Orientation Disparities in Cancer-Related Tobacco, Alcohol, and Sexual Risk Behaviors: Pooled Youth Risk Behavior Surveys". American Journal of Public Health 104, n. 6 (giugno 2014): 1113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2013.301764.
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Felix, Erika D., e Susan D. McMahon. "Gender and Multiple Forms of Peer Victimization: How Do They Influence Adolescent Psychosocial Adjustment?" Violence and Victims 21, n. 6 (dicembre 2006): 707–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.21.6.707.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study explores the relationship among multiple forms of peer victimization (e.g., direct physical/verbal, relational, and sexual harassment) and psychosocial adjustment among urban students and uses cluster analysis to identify subgroups of victims. Students in sixth, seventh, and eighth grade completed self-report surveys about their psychosocial adjustment, peer victimization experiences, and the gender of the other person involved. Results reveal that both physical/verbal victimization and sexual harassment were related to internalizing behavior, and sexual harassment was related to externalizing behavior. Cluster analysis revealed preliminary subgroups of victims. In addition, being victimized by a boy was more strongly related to behavior problems for both boys and girls than the experience of being victimized by a girl. Results suggest that the gender of perpetrators and victims should be considered, and there is a need to include sexual harassment in the study of peer victimization when developmentally appropriate.
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Dunn, Michael E., Wiveca Borjesson-Holman e Stacey Tantleff-Dunn. "Sexual Misconduct on Campus: Compliance Problems with a Sexual Conduct Code for College Students and Potential Solutions". Open Psychology Journal 10, n. 1 (16 ottobre 2017): 170–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874350101710010170.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background:The prevalence of unwanted sexual contact on college campuses is a well-documented problem. Sexual conduct codes have been adopted at most institutions, but very little empirical research has examined the content or effectiveness of these codes in relation to student behavior.Objective:We assessed compliance with the sexual conduct code at a large state university to evaluate the correspondence of sexual behavior and the requirements of the code.Methods:Two surveys were conducted to obtain information from students on their behavior in relation to each aspect of the sexual conduct code. The code at the target university requires that students verbally request and receive permission before initiating sexual conduct and eschew sexual conduct with persons who are under the influence of alcohol, prescription medications, or illegal drugs.Results:In both studies, majorities of sexually active men and women reported engaging in sexual conduct that violates the code, as well as having been the target of such behavior. Sexual activity under the influence of alcohol and without prior verbal consent were most prevalent. Men and women did not differ in the likelihood of violating the code or being a target of such violations.Conclusion:Our results identify problems in conduct codes in defining consent and sexual misconduct, and raise serious doubts about the efficacy of such conduct codes in influencing behavior or protecting students. We present potential solutions based on our results and information from conduct codes of other institutions.
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Solodovnikova, Ol΄ga B. "Sexual Behavior of Russian People of All Ages Amid the Pandemic (COVID-19)". Chelovek 32, n. 4 (2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s023620070016684-9.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
At the beginning of 2021, a team of the Field Research Center of the Institute for Social Analysis and Forecasting (RANEPA) conducted two online surveys as part of the research work “Partnership and romantic relationships during the pandemic and afterwards”. The surveys deal with the issues of sexual behavior of Russian people. The topic of sexuality is tabooed no more, but remains sensitive, thus, men, people with an upper middle income, and with a higher education are more inclined to talk about sex in public. Sexual education and satisfaction with sex life are directly related to status, including not only money, profession, or gender, but mostly the presence of a permanent sexual partner. Despite the proliferation of traditional family values, it keeps being a basis for sexual well-being and a meaningful approach to intimate practices. The pandemic only reinforces the tendencies which have already been indicated: those who have a partner turn out to be more successful in their intimate life than those who rely on fleeting or casual relationships. At the same time, the quality of intimate life for many people is reduced due to subjective factors (fear and stress), as well as to objective problems and losses (loss of a spouse, illness, etc.). The affection of these tendencies in the longer term has yet to be explored. A discussion about sexuality open to all ages, requires redefinition of intimate life in terms of tenderness, care, altruism and positive communication, the search for “body language” demonstrating attention to the other than direct sexual intercourse. Positive sexuality includes three basic elements: 1) the rejection of any violence and the priority of “negotiation”; 2) acceptance of one’s own body and its changes; 3) lifelong sexual education as an experience of one's own mistakes as well as readiness for them. Such discourse on sexuality makes possible further studies of various social groups’ intimate life in Russia, making one of the factors of their subjective well-being less obscene.
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Suwarno, Suwarno. "Urgensi Pendidikan Karakter dalam Upaya Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Perilaku Seksual Pra Nikah Remaja". Sawwa: Jurnal Studi Gender 13, n. 1 (26 dicembre 2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/sa.v13i1.2203.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The adolescent courtship and sexual behavior, and also gender-based violence against children continue to be a national concern because the condition is quite alarming. Surveys conducted by the Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia/KPAI (Indonesian Child Protection Commission) and the Ministry of Health in 2013 mentions Indonesia 62.7% of adolescents have had sex outside of marriage, and 20% of the 94.270 women aged adolescents in Indonesia had become pregnant out of wedlock, and 21% of them had an abortion. This condition has been increasing vulnerability to various kind of health hazards especially related to reproductive and sexual health, including the growing threat of HIV/AIDS. This study aims to find out how dating and sexual behavior of adolescents in Central Java, and how to handle it. Using a survey method of 10,160 adolescents in Central Java in 2012-2016, the study found that in general, (an average of 67.2%) of adolescents declared that they were dating. While the form of expression of affection towards his courtship is done in various ways, including; holding hands (average 83.4%), lip kisses (average 20%), feeling / stimulating (average 6.7%), and even many have had sex outside of marriage (average 3.3%). If not done prevention and control efforts, it will have a long impact on the nation's resilience. This study recommends the importance of character education in the prevention and control of adolescent’s courtship and sexual behavior.
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Rahman, Nazia, Roberta Lugo Robles, Nicholas Magno, Hsing-Chuan Hsieh, Sandra Waggoner, Tzu-cheg Kao, Realisha Smith, Tahaniyat Lalani e Eric Garges. "1539. Pilot Study of Sexual Networks and Sexually Transmitted Infection Risk in a Military Population". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (1 ottobre 2020): S769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1719.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Background In the U.S., military members experience a higher incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) than the age and gender-adjusted general population, placing a costly and preventable burden on the military health system (MHS). These increased rates are likely due to differences in both individual and network level risk factors. To assess the feasibility of a survey examining the impact of sexual network risk factors on risk, a survey assessing STI individual and network level risk factors to include a 90-day sexual partnership inventory was piloted at a single military medical center. Methods A sample of 50 military beneficiaries completed a computer-assisted self-interview (CASI) cross-sectional egocentric survey administered on a tablet. Demographical and clinical data were captured from the electronic medical record. Non-parametric statistics were used to analyze the data. Results 45 of 50 subjects (90%) completed the survey. 40 (88%) subjects completed at least one partnership survey and reported 1 to 20 partners per subject. Respondents were mostly active duty (91.8%) and had been active duty for less than five years (68.2%). Common risk behaviors were explored and included meeting partners online (68.75%) and having partners who use drugs (48.94%) or are heavy drinkers (44.68%). Partnership inventories suggest sexual concurrency and disassortative mixing on age, racial and ethnic groups, and military service. Conclusion While previous studies demonstrate that service members will complete sexual risk behavior surveys, this pilot egocentric partnership study demonstrates their willingness to provide detailed information on risk behaviors as well as detailed information on sexual partnerships. While we report on statistically significant associations, these may be subject to bias due to the underlying characteristics of the source population. As a result, these data will not likely be reflected in the full study population. 80% of pilot subjects completed the questionnaire and submitted at least one partnership survey, indicating the possibility of gathering more diverse individual sexual risk questionnaires from active duty service members. Based on these data, a multisite study of sexual networks was implemented in the MHS and is currently under analysis. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Coulter, Robert WS, Isabella Kaur Mahal, Clarisse A. Lin, Shari Kessel Schneider, Aaryn S. Mathias, Karuna Baral, Elizabeth Miller e Kaleab Z. Abebe. "Providing Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Nonbinary, and Queer Adolescents With Nurturance, Trustworthiness, and Safety: Protocol for Pilot Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial Design". JMIR Research Protocols 13 (19 marzo 2024): e55210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/55210.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background Sexual and gender minority youths (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, nonbinary, and queer individuals) face elevated risks of substance use (eg, alcohol and tobacco) and mental health issues (eg, depressive symptoms and suicidality) compared to their cisgender heterosexual peers. These inequities are hypothesized to be reduced by building supportive high school environments via the training of school staff. An intervention that trains school staff to better understand and support sexual and gender minority youths and engage in positive bystander behaviors that protect them from bullying exposure may reduce disparities in drug and alcohol use among them. Experts, school staff, and sexual and gender minority youths developed Providing LGBTQ+ Adolescents with Nurturance, Trustworthiness, and Safety (PLANTS), a web-based intervention to train school staff on how to support, affirm, and protect sexual and gender minority youths. Objective This paper describes the design of the PLANTS pilot trial primarily aimed at assessing its acceptability, usability, appropriateness, and feasibility. We hypothesize PLANTS will have high acceptability, usability, appropriateness, and feasibility as rated by the school staff. Secondary objectives focus on implementation, safety, and pre-post changes in high school staff outcomes, including self-efficacy and skills (eg, active-empathic listening and bullying intervention). Exploratory objectives focus on the impact of PLANTS on student health outcomes. Methods In a 2-arm cluster randomized controlled trial, high schools in Massachusetts are allocated to PLANTS or an active comparator group (publicly available sexual and gender minority youths resources or training). High school staff complete pretest and posttest surveys containing validated scales. Primary outcomes are validated measures of acceptability, usability, appropriateness, and feasibility of the intervention completed by staff during posttest surveys. To test our primary hypotheses for each outcome, we will calculate means and 95% CIs and P values using 1-sample 2-sided t tests against a priori thresholds or benchmarks of success. Secondary outcomes include staff’s active-empathetic listening skills, self-efficacy for working with sexual and gender minority youths, bystander intervention behaviors for bullying and cyberbullying, and self-efficacy for PLANTS’ change objectives completed during pretest and posttest staff surveys. Staff can also complete a posttest interview guided by the Information-Motivation-Behavior model and Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Exploratory outcomes include student-level data collected via the 2021 and 2023 MetroWest Adolescent Health Surveys, a health behavior surveillance system in 30 Massachusetts schools. Results School enrollment began in May 2023 and participant enrollment began in June 2023. Data collection is expected to be completed by February 2024. Conclusions This pilot trial will yield important information about the PLANTS intervention and provide necessary information to conduct a fully powered trial of the efficacy of PLANTS for reducing the deleterious health inequities experienced by sexual and gender minority youths. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05897827; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05897827 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/55210
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Bruno, Victoria V. "Risky Sexual Behavior of Modern Teenagers in Russia. Part I". Sociologicheskaja nauka i social naja praktika 6, n. 4 (2018): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2018.6.4.6089.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article is devoted to the consideration of risky sexual behavior of adolescents and young people. The first part of the article presents an overview of statistical data from Rosstat and the Ministry of Health on the problem of the incidence of adolescents with sexually transmitted infections and HIV. It has been shown that despite a noticeable decrease in the incidence of sexually transmitted infections among children and adolescents in recent years, this age population is a vulnerable risk group. The main trend – against the general decrease in the incidence of sexually transmitted infections, an increase in the incidence of viral sexual infections and their hidden forms is observed. It has been revealed that the age structure among newly diagnosed HIV patients has changed: over the past two decades, there has been a decrease in the incidence of HIV infection among adolescents, and the epidemic is migrating to older age groups. Based on a review of various studies, as well as the results of our own surveys of high school students and college students, the peculiarities of adolescent sexual activity were considered: the prevalence of early sexual intercourse, the use of contraception, awareness of sexual hygiene and sexually transmitted infections. It was revealed that the rate of decline in the average age of sexual debut that has lasted over the last decades has slowed down, but the proportion of sexually active minors is quite large, while many adolescents do not use means of protection, having certain prejudices about their use, and awareness of infections is not satisfactory.
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Russell, Stephen T., Bethany G. Everett, Margaret Rosario e Michelle Birkett. "Indicators of Victimization and Sexual Orientation Among Adolescents: Analyses From Youth Risk Behavior Surveys". American Journal of Public Health 104, n. 2 (febbraio 2014): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2013.301493.
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Larsson, Margareta, e Tanja Tydén. "Increased sexual risk taking behavior among Swedish female university students: repeated cross-sectional surveys". Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 85, n. 8 (gennaio 2006): 966–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00016340600626941.
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Waylen, Andrea E., Andrew Ness, Phil McGovern, Dieter Wolke e Nicola Low. "Romantic and Sexual Behavior in Young Adolescents: Repeated Surveys in a Population-Based Cohort". Journal of Early Adolescence 30, n. 3 (16 giugno 2009): 432–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431609338179.
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Heron, Kristin E., Abby L. Braitman, Charlotte A. Dawson, Cassidy M. Sandoval, Lauren V. Butler, Alicia Moulder e Robin J. Lewis. "Rationale and Design of an Ecological Momentary Assessment Study Examining Predictors of Binge Eating Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Young Women: Protocol for the Health and Experiences in Real Life (HER Life) Study". JMIR Research Protocols 11, n. 10 (21 ottobre 2022): e41199. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/41199.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background Previous research has identified health disparities between sexual minority and heterosexual women, including increased rates of obesity and binge eating in sexual minority women. Established predictors of binge eating behavior include negative emotions and sociocultural processes; however, these studies are generally conducted in samples of young women where sexual identity is not known or reported. There is a dearth of research evaluating how sexual minority–specific factors (eg, minority stress and connectedness to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer community) may affect binge eating in sexual minority women. In addition, no studies have examined these processes in racially diverse samples or considered how intersecting minority identities (eg, Black and sexual minority) may affect eating behaviors. Objective The Health and Experiences in Real Life (HER Life) Project aims to clarify real-world predictors of binge eating in young heterosexual and sexual minority women using ecological momentary assessment. The role of affective, social, and health behavior factors in binge eating will be examined for all women (aim 1), and sexual minority–specific predictors will also be considered for sexual minority women participants (aim 2). Person-level moderators of race, body- and eating-related factors, and sexual minority–specific factors will also be examined to better understand how real-world binge eating predictors may differ for various demographic groups (aim 3). Methods Researchers aim to recruit 150 sexual minority and 150 heterosexual women from across the United States, including at least 50 Black women for each group, using web-based recruitment methods. The eligibility criteria include identifying as a woman, being aged between 18 and 30 years, and having had at least two binge eating episodes in the last 2 weeks. Participants must endorse being only or mostly attracted to men (considered heterosexual) or only or mostly attracted to women or having a current or most recent female partner (considered sexual minority). Eligible participants complete an initial web-based baseline survey and then 14 days of ecological momentary assessment involving the completion of a morning and before-bed survey and 5 prompted surveys per day as well as a user-initiated survey after binge eating episodes. The data will be analyzed using a series of multilevel models. Results Data collection started in February 2021. We have currently enrolled 129 sexual minority women and 146 heterosexual women. Data collection is expected to conclude in fall 2022. Conclusions The Health and Experiences in Real Life Project aims to elucidate potential differences between sexual minority and heterosexual women in within-person factors predicting binge eating and inform eating disorder interventions for sexual minority women. The challenges in recruiting sexual minority women, including the determination of eligibility criteria and considerations for remote data collection, are discussed. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/41199
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Waterman, Emily A., Victoria L. Banyard, Kimberly J. Mitchell e Katie M. Edwards. "High School Students’ Perceptions of School Personnel’s Intentions to Help Prevent Teen Sexual and Dating Violence: Associations with Attitudes and Intended Behaviors". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 37, n. 7-8 (aprile 2022): NP5471—NP5494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260520960115.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Adolescents are at high risk for sexual and dating violence (SDV) at school, indicating need for both adolescents and school personnel to engage in bystander behavior to prevent SDV. Adolescents’ perceptions of social norms about bystander behavior, including their perceptions about social norms among school personnel, may impact adolescents’ own SDV attitudes and intended bystander behavior. Based on social norms theory, the current research examines adolescents who underestimate, accurately perceive, and overestimate school personnel’s reactive (responding to a current situation) and proactive (spreading messaging about prevention) bystander behaviors. High school students ( N = 3,404; mean age = 15.7; 87.2% White; 87% heterosexual) and school personnel ( N = 1,150) from 25 schools completed surveys. Adolescents who underestimated school personnel’s reactive and proactive bystander behavior had more accepting attitudes towards violence and less bystander behavior intentions. Correcting misperceived norms about bystander behavior may improve students’ own bystander behavior.
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Strunin, Lee, e Ralph Hingson. "Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Adolescents: Knowledge, Beliefs, Attitudes, and Behaviors". Pediatrics 79, n. 5 (1 maggio 1987): 825–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.79.5.825.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Adolescents are a group at high risk for exposure to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Results of a random-sample survey of 860 adolescents 16 to 19 years of age, in Massachusetts indicate that many adolescents are still misinformed or confused about AIDS and AIDS transmission. Of the adolescent respondents, 70% said they were sexually active (having sexual intercourse or other sexual contact) but only 15% of them reported changing their sexual behavior because of concern about contracting AIDS, and only 20% of those who changed their behavior used effective methods. Of both sexually active and nonactive adolescents, 8% did not know that AIDS is transmitted by heterosexual sexual intercourse. Psychoactive drugs other than alcohol and marijuana had been used by 13% of those responding, and 1% reported injecting drugs. Of those psychoactive drug users, 8% did not know that AIDS can be transmitted by injecting drugs. There was no significant difference in knowledge between the sexually active and nonactive adolescents concerning sexual behavior and AIDS transmission or between the drug users and nonusers concerning drug use and AIDS transmission. The majority of respondents knew a relationship exists between AIDS and blood, and other body fluids, but knowledge of the mode of transmission was limited. Hence, many adolescents, including those in the highest risk subgroups of sexually active or psychoactive drug users, did not know what sexual and drug precautions are needed to prevent transmission of the virus. School systems and health care providers should systematically educate this population about AIDS to counter the current misinformation and confusion. Additional surveys of adolescents can help monitor whether misunderstandings can be reduced and knowledge of the means necessary to avoid transmission increased.
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Guéguen, Nicolas. "Risk taking and Women’s Menstrual Cycle: Near Ovulation, Women Avoid a Doubtful Man". Letters on Evolutionary Behavioral Science 3, n. 1 (9 febbraio 2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5178/lebs.2012.17.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Studies using surveys in which risk taking behaviors were measured show a decrease in risk taking during the ovulatory phase of the women’s menstrual cycle. In this study, the distance between a woman and a shady confederate was measured in a waiting room. Then, a LH test was done in order to measure the participant’s fertility risk. Results showed that near ovulation, participants sat further away from the confederate, revealing that women in their fertile phase displayed behavior to decrease the risk of sexual assault.
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Zeng, Gang, Liangui Feng, Lin Ouyang, Rongrong Lu, Peng Xu, Guohui Wu e Fan Lu. "The Dynamic Trends of HIV Prevalence, Risks, and Prevention among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Chongqing, China". BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/602719.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objective. This study was to characterize the continuously changing trends of HIV prevalence, risks, sexual behaviors, and testing behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Chongqing, China.Methods. Five consecutive cross-sectional surveys were conducted among MSM in 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, and 2013. Testing for HIV and syphilis was performed, and HIV risks, sexual behavior, prevention, and HIV testing behavior were collected using the same questionnaire.Results. HIV prevalence increased from 13.0% to 19.7% from 2006 to 2013 (P=0.004), with an increase of 1.0% per year. Syphilis prevalence peaked in 2008 with a positive rate of 11.6% and then experienced a sharp drop to 2.8% in 2012 and 2.9% in 2013. Percentage of those who ever received HIV testing in the last year increased from 17.0% to 43.3% (P<0.001); condom use at the last anal intercourse and reported consistent condom use in the last 6 months increased from 51.8% to 71.0% (P<0.001) and from 24.7% to 47.9% (P<0.001), respectively.Conclusions. HIV continued to spread among MSM in Chongqing even when a decline in prevalence of syphilis and increase in awareness rate, condom use, and HIV testing seeking behaviors seemed to occur.
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Lowry, Richard, Leah Robin, Laura Kann e Deborah A. Galuska. "Associations of Body Mass Index with Sexual Risk-Taking and Injection Drug Use among US High School Students". Journal of Obesity 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/816071.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study was to determine if body mass index (BMI) is associated with behaviors that may increase risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among US high school students. We analyzed nationally representative data from the 2005–2011 national Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (YRBS) to examine associations of BMI categories with sexual risk behaviors and injection drug use among sexually active high school students, using sex-stratified logistic regression models. Controlling for race/ethnicity and grade, among female and male students, both underweight (BMI < 5th percentile) and obesity (BMI ≥ 95th percentile) were associated with decreased odds of being currently sexually active (i.e., having had sexual intercourse during the past 3 months). However, among sexually active female students, obese females were more likely than normal weight females to have had 4 or more sex partners (odds ratio, OR = 1.59), not used a condom at last sexual intercourse (OR = 1.30), and injected illegal drugs (OR = 1.98). Among sexually active male students, overweight (85th percentile ≤ BMI < 95th percentile) was associated with not using a condom at last sexual intercourse (OR = 1.19) and obesity was associated with injection drug use (OR = 1.42). Among sexually active students, overweight and obesity may be indicators of increased risk for HIV and other STDs.
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Puplampu, Adikwor Ewoenam, Seth Afagbedzi, Samuel Dery, Dzifa Adimle Puplampu e Chris Guure. "Determinants of Higher-Risk Sexual Behavior in Some Selected African Countries". Scientifica 2021 (3 settembre 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8089293.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background. Although higher-risk sexual behavior (H-RSB) is a major contributor to the rapid rising rate of new HIV infections, there exists paucity of comprehensive evidence across the sub-Saharan African region. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of H-RSB and its determinants across sub-Saharan Africa to inform policy. Method. Data were obtained from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of ten sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries with their three most current DHS surveys from 2000 to 2016. Only participants who ever had sexual encounters in their lifetime were included in the study. Weighted adjusted Cox regression with robust variance and constant time was used to investigate disparities of H-RSB among the ten SSA countries. Relationships between sociodemographic, socioeconomic, knowledge, mass media, and H-RSB were investigated. Results. The trend and prevalence of higher-risk sexual behavior show that Lesotho experienced a decreasing trend of the prevalence of H-RSB from 8.92 in period one to 6.42 in period three. Ghana experienced a marginal increase from 6.22 in period one to 6.76 in period two and then to 6.43 in the third period. However, Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe obtained a marginal increasing trend in the prevalence of H-RSB from period one to three: 2.75 to 3.74, 4.33 to 6.24, and 6.11 to 7.99, respectively. Meanwhile, the prevalence of H-RSB in Namibia and Uganda decreased in period two to 1.84 and 5.76 but increased in period three to 2.01 and 6.83, respectively. Generally, determinants of H-RSB among the countries include age, sex, religious affiliation, marital status, educational level, employment status, economic status, age at first sex, and status of circumcision. Conclusion. Trend of relatively high prevalence of H-RSB has been found across majority of the countries with key sociodemographic factors influencing H-RSB. Therefore, different targeted interventional approaches are needed in all the countries to help reduce H-RSB and the overall HIV incidence. If issues regarding sexual behavior and sexual health are not addressed adequately, H-RSB can negate all the appreciable efforts aimed at ending the HIV pandemic by 2030.