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蔣華生 e Wah-sang Eddy Chiang. "Sewage and sewerage management". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31252801.
Testo completo
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Chiang, Wah-sang Eddy. "Sewage and sewerage management /". [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1381350X.
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Hector, Hélène. "Obstructions monitoring in sewerage pipes". Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190608.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
When a malfunction in the collection system occurs and a pipe overflows, the wastewater may be discharged in the natural environment. To avoid such pollution, nuisances to inhabitants living nearby and extra cost for the operator, there is an issue of detecting early enough the buildup of obstructions in sewerage pipes in order to react before the damage is done. The aim of this thesis was thus to develop a decision support tool to detect obstructions and to optimize cleaning operations. Some additional specifications were the file size for sending by email, the simplicity of setup and use, the visual attractiveness and a quick visualization of results. The tool consists of two Excel files coupled with a database which permits to send a daily email to the operator with the functioning state of each measurement point. However, the tool does not do everything, human analysis is necessary to have a critical eye on the results and to decide when to trigger a cleaning operation. The main perspective at the end of this thesis is the replacement of the preventive cleaning operations that were previously performed with a fixed frequency per year by conditional cleaning operations triggered by the tool and to observe the decrease of cleaning operations. Other perspectives are to spread the tool to other sites and to use the received feedbacks to adjust the different parameters and eventually to determine an automatic trigger condition of cleaning operations.
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Coghlan, Brian P. "Solids transport in combined sewerage systems". Thesis, University of Abertay Dundee, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308961.
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Chang, Jiang. "A General Investigation of Shanghai Sewerage Treatment System". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-15662.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As a modern metropolis, Shanghai has a registered population of 18.8 million in 2011, and the permanent population has been more than 20 million. As a result, Shanghai produces more than 6.3 million cubic meters of sewage per day which is considered as a massive test for Shanghai’s sewerage treatment system. Given the high proportion of time spent on the literature review, this study has investigated how the whole system works in Shanghai. To do this, Shanghai sewerage systems were divided into two parts – the drainage system and the sewage treatment system, and they were introduced respectively following the track of history development process. It was done by combining previously published theses, study reports, governmental documents, overt information by companies and news reports. It showed that, in 2009, Shanghai’s government established a basic formation of six centralized sewage treatment systems in co-existence with 52 sewage treatment plants. In the same year, the sewage treatment rate reached 78.9%, which can be considered a leap compared with the 62.8% figure in 2003. In spite of that, the gap between sewage treatment in Shanghai and that in developed countries still exists. By comparing Shanghai Bai Longgang sewage treatment plant with Halmstad Västra Stranden's waste water treatment plant, it can be concluded that the gap was embodied in differences of inflow condition, relative low discharge standards and poor treatment capability.
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Martins, Sandra Soares. "Adenovirus e rotavirus como indicadores biologicos em aguas residuarias de esgotos sanitarios apos tratamento por processo anaerobio e disposição controlada no solo". [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317116.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Orientador: Maria Silvia Viccari GattiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T22:09:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins_SandraSoares_M.pdf: 1140484 bytes, checksum: de8846c9246eef9258a4b0d3953a88b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: O tratamento de esgoto sanitário em lagoa de decantação anaeróbia e disposição controlada de água residuária no solo é uma alternativa de baixo custo para o reuso de águas residuárias na agricultura. Nele, o esgoto sanitário é depositado em uma lagoa de decantação anaeróbia com retenção hidráulica de sete dias, após o que a água residuária é conduzida para rampa de solo franco argilo-arenoso, com cobertura vegetal de gramínia Cynodon sp, para disposição por escoamento superficial, seguindo-se sua infiltração e percolação. O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar a eficiência desse sistema na eliminação e/ou inativação de adenovírus humanos (HAdV) e rotavírus (RV). Amostras de 1L de água residuária foram obtidas em quatro coletas, em intervalos de sete dias, na entrada do esgoto bruto (EB), no ponto de aplicação na rampa (0m) e nos pontos da sua superfície após 10, 20, 30, 35m e 40m. Sob a rampa, a 1m de profundidade e distantes 30m (30-1) e 35m (35 -1), dois pontos foram amostrados. Antes do ponto 0m, pontos de testemunha a 1m de profundidade e distantes 2m (T1) e 0,5m (T2) da rampa, e um ponto do lençol freático (LF) a 3m de profundidade, também foram coletados.As água residuárias foram concentradas de 1.000 a 5.000 vezes por filtração e eluição em membrana eletropositiva e ultracentrifugação. Nos eluatos obtidos, após extração de DNA, a presença de HAdV foi pesquisada por PCR e nested-PCR. Para a detecção de RV usou-se RT-PCR e duplo-semi- nested-PCR. Eluatos HAdV positivos foram inoculados em células HEp-2 e após até cinco passagens a presença de HAdV foi confirmada por PCR.. HAdV foram detectados em 29 das 35 amostras analisadas, sendo positivos todos os pontos de EB e da superfície da rampa. Em profundidade, sob a rampa, quatro amostras foram positivas, além de outras duas em T2 e uma em LF, o que demonstra a percolação desses vírus no solo com contaminação do LF. Quando testadas em células HEp-2, nas amostras do EB e dos pontos 0, 30, 35 e 40m a presença de vírions foi determinada, enquanto nos pontos 30-1m e LF os HAdV não foram infectivos. Esses resultados permitem concluir que o sistema não foi eficiente para remover e/ou inativar HAdV. Por outro lado, pode-se afirmar que os HAdV são indicadores virais adequados para esse sistema, desde que mantida a metodologia aqui empregada. Uma amostra de EB foi positiva para RV (genotipos G1 e G2), resultado esse que não permite qualquer conclusão. Para o reuso da água residuária advinda desse sistema impõe-se a associação de processos de desinfecção para a eliminação de HAdV
Abstract: Urban sewage treatment by an anaerobic process with overland flow system is a cheap alternative to reuse domestic effluents in agriculture. In this procedure, wastewater remains in an anaerobic pond for seven days, and then it is spilled from the top of a 40-meter extension slope covered with Tifton 85 (Cynodon sp) grass in order to surface flow and percolate until it reaches groundwater. The objective of this work is to determine if this procedure could be effective in removing and/or inactivating human adenoviruses (HAdV) and rotaviruses (RV) in a test unit in Limeira - SP, Brazil. Samples were collected every seven days from different spots in four sampling events totalizing one liter of wastewater. Sampling points were chosen at the raw sewage (EB), on the surface of the slope at 0, 10, 20, 30, 35 and 40 meters, and down one meter from the surface of the slope at the 30- and 35-meter points (30-1 and 35-1). Other points upslope were used at a distance of 2 meters (T1) and 0.5 meters (T2), beyond a 3-meter depth and 1-meter distant spot (LF). All samples were concentrated from a 1000 to 5000 times by filtration through electropositive microporous membrane followed by ultracentrifugation. HAdV detection was performed by both PCR and nested PCR. RV detection was accomplished by both RT-PCR and duplex semi-nested PCR. The positive samples for HAdV were inoculated in HEp-2 cells, and confirmation of the virions was performed by PCR. HAdV were detected in 29 of the 35 samples tested including in all samples both from the EB and from the surface of the slope. HAdV tested positive in the two T2, in one LF, and in the four samples underneath the slope. In HEp-2 cells HAdV virions were detected at the EB and at 0, 30, 35, and 40 meters on the surface of the slope. Spots 30-1 and LF were tested in HEp-2 cells, resulting negative to the presence of infective viral particles, although they tested HAdV positive. These results attest to the inefficiency of the proposed system of sewage treatment in removing and/or inactivating HAdV; however, maintaining the methodology used in this research, HAdV proves to be the appropriate viral indicator in this system. In relation to RV, no conclusions can be extracted since just one sample from the EB was RV-positive (G1 and G2 mixture). Finally, before reuse in agriculture, the effluents from the anaerobic pond should be disinfected to eliminate these viruses
Mestrado
Microbiologia
Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular
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Chilibeck, Barry Michael. "Operation and diagnostics of wastewater treatment facilities using an expert system". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29495.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This research examines the use of microcomputer-based expert systems as a diagnostic tool and an operational aid of conventional secondary wastewater treatment facilities. The research has shown that rule-based systems are well suited for the domain of wastewater treatment facilities operations using observational information. Advances in expert systems software combined with increased microcomputer processing power have made this development work possible with personal computers. These systems possess the capability to provide fully automated diagnostics and process control as well as acting as a teaching and development tool for operators in full-scale treatment facilities. The thesis describes the technical aspects of wastewater treatment as applied to the development of a finished knowledge base system called WASTES (WAStewater Treatment Expert System). The thesis also discusses the development of the knowledge bases from their sources to implementation in the system. Recommendations and conclusions are also presented along with potential areas for further research.Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Jack, Andrew G. "Total emission analysis of sewerage systems and wastewater treatment plants". Thesis, Abertay University, 1999. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/3a4ee741-9f14-47df-ab48-2759ca7c39f3.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The proposed methodology to most effectively manage intermittent combined sewage discharges into urban watercourses in the UK is given in the Urban Pollution Management (UPM) manual. The method is based on the use of detailed computer models of the sewerage system, wastewater treatment plant and receiving watercourse. Solving intermittent discharge problems using UPM, often requires the installation of in-sewer storage tanks. However, recent research from Germany and elsewhere (e.g. Austria and Denmark) has shown that this type of solution may be of little benefit with respect to the total emissions discharged from the entire system, where emissions from both the Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) and the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WTP) are considered together. This is because, in certain situations, WTP efficiency can be compromised by the prolonged periods of dilute (low nutrients and substrate) inflows which can result from the draining down of in-sewer storage tanks. The earlier research in Germany and elsewhere has been concerned with long term total emissions (annual loads) and not the problems specific to individual sites, or the benefits and/or limitations of storage with respect to acute pollution. Thus the principal objective of the research described here has been to substantiate and quantify the total emission problem by means of detailed modelling, via an evaluation of the likely storage volumes which could give rise to total emissions problems for the Perth wastewater system. Following this, a general method has been developed to investigate and resolve total emission problems related to acute pollution effects. As WTP disruption due to flow dilution can last for a prolonged period after even a single rainfall event, computational simulation times need to be long enough to represent the delay in WTP performance returning to normal operating conditions. As long term continuous simulation is usually impractical due to protracted computational times, a method referred to as the Total Emission Analysis Period (TEAP) has been developed. This will define the minimum required computational time and rainfall inputs to be used to ensure that the effect of in-sewer storage on total emissions could be modelled. Utilising the TEAP method to analyse total emissions it has been concluded that increasing volumes of storage would not be expected to create a total emission XXVI problem with respect to the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). Consequently, it was concluded that the best storage volume with respect to BOD was the minimum volume which would allow compliance with receiving water quality standards. No direct comparison could be made with the conclusion derived from the German research due to the long term nature of their analysis, however, it would appear from an interpretation of their results, that similar findings were obtained. With respect to ammonia, it was found that increases in total emissions can occur as, ammonia concentrations, unlike BOD, do not increase at the start of a storm due to first foul flush effects. Consequently, any increased emissions from the WTP would not be offset via a reduced CSO spill load. It was also found, however, that increasing volumes of storage would not be expected to exacerbate acute pollution problems within a receiving watercourse and that both large and small storage volumes had the potential to give rise to very similar degrees of WTP disruption. This was due to the way in which different hydraulic loading conditions (caused by the different volumes of storage) affected the bacterial concentrations in the reactor. The conclusion that storage would not provide a significant benefit for ammonia total emissions was supported by the Austrian and Danish research.
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de, Toledo Sobrinho Homero. "Simplified Sewerage Systems and Potential Application to Rural Louisiana Communities". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2018. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/honors_theses/100.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Today’s rapid growth in population on sub-urban areas has caused an increase in fecal coliforms to be discharged to down-streams and lakes. The unaffordability of conventional sewerage systems makes it inaccessible to big part of the population of rural communities to receive proper sanitation. Since population growth is only projected to increase during the next few years, action is necessary to change the course of the future of rural communities, more specifically described on this report, Louisiana’s communities. One option to offer affordable sewerage systems to the Louisiana region is that we utilize of the Simplified Sewerage technology. Simplified Sewerage has been tested on several municipalities around the globe, especially in Brazil. The results of its application have proven to be conclusive and beneficial to communities.
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Halday, Ismail. "Study of the pathway of heavy metals in a sewerage system". Thesis, Link to online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/389.
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Norman, Guy. "An evaluation of the appropriateness of piped sewerage for African cities". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.560503.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
It is well known that ,water supply and sanitation remain grosslvdeftcient in low-income districts of cities throughout sub-Saharan Africa, with likely severe negative impacts on health. Most low-income communities depend on non-networked (on-site) sanitation; few African cities have an extensive sewerage system, but nonetheless city-wide sewerage is widely seen as the long-term aim by municipal planners. In recent years, some sanitation specialists have argued that low-cost sewerage can be an appropriate solution for African cities; others that sewerage is inappropriate, because of its high financial cost, requirement for well-resourced local governance, and purportedly negative environmental impacts. Against this backdrop, this thesis sets out to assess whether sewerage can be an appropriate solution for African cities, and if so in what circumstances. An expert opinion survey early in the research indicated that most sanitation specialists consider sewerage to be an appropriate solution in some situations. A meta-analysis of existing health impact studies confirmed that sewerage interventions typically have a substantial positive impact on health. A detailed outcome evaluation of the PAQPUD settled sewerage project in Dakar (Senegal) was performed, and this work was supported by shorter evaluations of sewerage pro-poorness in Accra (Ghana) and Nairobi (Kenya), and by a review of outcome evaluations of previous sewerage projects in African cities. This research concludes that sewerage can certainly be an appropriate solution for high-density low-income districts of African cities; the key requirement is that governance standards and institutional capacity be sufficient to ensure effective planning, implementation and long-term management of a networked sewerage system. Common "environmental" arguments against sewerage (including that it will substantially increase domestic water use) are judged to be over-stated. Capital cost will invariably be higher than for non-networked systems: but in certain habitat types, sewerage may be the only solution that prevents disease. It is difficult to generate geographically generalisable estimates of the lifecycle costs of sewerage, and impossible to achieve generalisable cost-benefit relations: so comparative cost assessments need to be done in specific contexts. The thesis offers recommendations for effective planning and implementation of sewerage programmes serving low-income districts of African cities, stressing the importance of approaches ensuring high connection rates and genuine pro- poor targeting.
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Kan, Hon-shing, e 簡漢成. "EIA of sewerage projects: an overview of the Hong Kong situation". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253155.
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Kan, Hon-shing. "EIA of sewerage projects : an overview of the Hong Kong situation /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14709296.
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Ginige, Maneesha Prasaad. "Identification of denitrifying microbial communities in activated sludge exposed to external carbon sources /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17447.pdf.
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Cootes, Timothy F. "The field testing of a vortex storm sewage overflow". Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1990. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19500/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A full scale prototype of a vortex storm sewage overflow with peripheral spill has been build in Sheffield, its design being based on the results of model tests. The project described has been involved in monitoring this prototype with the aims of i) Assessing its hydraulic performance, ii) Assessing its ability to retain polluting material, particularly large 'gross solids' in the sewer, iii) To compare its performance with predictions made by the model tests. A review of previous work concerning storm overflows, the development of vortex overflows and sewer monitoring techniques was undertaken. The overflow was monitored with flow measurement equipment, bottle samplers and equipment designed to count the numbers of gross solids in the sewage entering and spilling from the chamber. The latter worked by pumping large volumes of sewage through a transparent cell, where it was filmed by a video camera. Objects passing were counted by eye when the film was examined later. The hydraulic monitoring showed that the overflow was effective at controlling flows in the sewage, and that mathematical and physical models predicted its performance. Analysis of discrete samples collected using bottle samplers showed little difference between the fine suspended solids and the dissolved material in inlet or spill. The results from measuring gross solids appeared to show that their concentration in the spill was less than that in the inflow by 20-40%. However insufficient storms were recorded to be sure to what extent the method of sampling affected the results. The results from the gross solid monitoring bore some resemblance to the predictions made by the model tests using estimates of the nature of particles in the storm sewage. This suggested that model tests using synthetic gross solid particles could give a good indication of the performance of full scale overflows.
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Sedláček, Ondřej. "Studie odkanalizování obce Nasavrky". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226902.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The author of master's thesis submit study of alternative solution sewerage in Nasarvky. He made passportization and he design gravity, pressure and vacuum sewerage for the area of interest. He deals with the problems about storm sewerage and he design suitable solution. The study content issues technical and economic variants valorization. Object of study is recommendation the best alternative sewerage in Nasavrky.
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Hardy, Eric. "The New Order Has Arrived: Dutch Morial, Reform, and the Sewerage and Water Board of New Orleans, 1980-1981". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2004. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/158.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This essay offers a brief examination of the interaction between New Orleans Mayor Ernest "Dutch" Morial and the Sewerage and Water Board of New Orleans from the spring of 1980 to the late summer of 1981. Morial, the city's first African American mayor, attempted to implement several reform measures on the Sewerage and Water Board which included reduced term limits, an affirmative action policy, and a Minority Business Enterprise "set-aside" program despite opposition from a faction of white elite board members. These reforms reveal Morial's desire to confront social inequities in a post-integration southern city that were maintained in part by a fragmented government structure and conservative racial attitudes.
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Beder, Sharon Science & Technology Studies (STS) UNSW. "From pipe dreams to tunnel vision : engineering decision-making and Sydney's sewerage system". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Science and Technology Studies (STS), 1989. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20621.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The broad theme of this thesis is engineering decision-making. The various factors that shape technological development are investigated using the development of Sydney's sewerage system as a case study. The thesis focuses on various key decisions, past and present, including the choice of water-carriage technology for sewage collection, the selection of sewage treatment technologies, and on-going preference of engineers and bureaucrats for ocean disposal. Also covered are the legislative and regulatory mechanisms, the policies of the Sydney Water Board with regard to industrial waste disposal and the relationship between the Board and the public. A study was made of historical documents, engineering reports and papers, parliamentary debates, annual reports, minutes, newspaper reports and secondary sources and personal interviews were conducted. Various bodies of literature were referred to and used, including the books and articles on the history and sociology of engineers, the politics of expertise and public participation and the emerging discipline of science and technology studies. It is concluded that the development of Sydney's sewerage system has been shaped by social, political and economic factors and that engineers have played a pivotal role in the decisions made through their deliberate shaping of knowledge and the performance of predictions they have made for various options. The decisions made in this way have been defended against public opinion and public participation in the decision-making process has been kept to a minimum. This thesis supports the argument that technology is socially constructed, that the technical cannot be separated from the social, and that an interactive model of technological development is more appropriate than a linear, causal one. It shows that the role of power in the shaping of technology is crucial, and in particular the alliance of state and professional power that occurs in the shaping of public sector technology.
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沈儀芝 e Ne-chi Alice Shing. "Actual effect of implementation of Hong Kong Island south sewerage master plan (SMP)". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43893697.
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Moraes, Luiz Robertos Santos. "Health impact of drainage and sewerage in poor urban areas in Salvador, Brazil". Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1996. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4650161/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The lack of environmental sanitation measures is a worldwide problem, especially in developing countries, and greatly facilitates the spread of disease. This thesis aims to contribute towards a better understanding of the effect on diarrhoea, nutritional status and intestinal nematode infections of drainage and sewerage in an impoverished urban environment. After an extensive literature review of some relevant aspects of the health impact of environmental sanitation, field research was designed and conducted in nine poor urban areas of the city of Salvador (pop. approximately 2.3 million), capital of Bahia State, in northeast Brazil. The study was targeted to a sample of children under 15 years old living in the poor urban areas of the city at the time of the field work (August 1989-November 1990). An extensive questionnaire was applied to collect information on each child and on the conditions of the family and the household, three stool examinations of the children 5-14 years old were performed (to measure nematode infection and reinfection), diarrhoea was monitored fortnightly, in children under 5 years old for one year, and anthropometric measurements taken every two months. The results showed that among children in neighbourhoods with unimproved community sanitation the incidence of diarrhoea was consistently higher and the nutritional status, expressed by the mean height-for-age z-score, was significantly lower throughout the study period as compared to those with improved sanitation. Regarding intestinal nematode infections, as the level of community sanitation improves, the following trends were noted: prevalence and intensity of infection and reinfection declined, risk factors for infection became more numerous and more significant, clustering of cases by house hold became more significant, predisposition of individuals to reinfection and to heavy infection became more marked, and infections with different species were increasingly aggregated in the same individuals. These results suggest that sewerage and drainage can have a significant effect on diarrhoea, nutritional status and intestinal nematode infections and that the evidence of the health impact was strongest for intestinal nematode infections. The interpretation of these epidemiological findings in the light of the Brazilian health, urban and social policies contributes to a comprehensive framework for the control of nematode infections, diarrhoea and malnutrition in poor urban areas of Salvador and elsewhere.
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Shing, Ne-chi Alice. "Actual effect of implementation of Hong Kong Island south sewerage master plan (SMP)". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17665875.
Testo completo
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Masasi, Suphian Sadiki. "Development of an appropriate model for water supply and sewerage services in Tanzania". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11318/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Existing water service concepts and practice within the Sub Sahara African region, including Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia, Somalia, Ghana, Senegal, Malawi, Gambia and Cote d' Ivoire, has demonstrated that, the absence of Sustainable capital funds and appropriate water management models are the major obstacles for water development in this region. This thesis has critically evaluated a number of different capital funding methods, including loans from the World Bank, to formulate an ideal theoretical solution for water services in Tanzania. The concept of establishing capital funds from local financial institutions, proposals for the control of capital funds, and the provision of special training before and during implementation are key aspects of a new approach. The research has successfully developed a new water management model, which is sustainable and appropriate for water problems in Tanzania (sub-Sahara African countries) The model newly established methods for generating capital funds from local sources including tariffs review and mass contribution has been critically evaluated for assurance of its sustainability in practice, to protect the affordability to all water users and assessing the value of willingness to pay when the model is adopted. However, the localisation through structured systematic participation and greater recognition of water users in the model has been evaluated and identified as a new Significant bond for making collective and effective decisions in water services. Furthermore, based on the designed research objectives, this research has evaluated the differences and contributions of the new developed model in comparison with previous practiced models (privatisation and public services) in Tanzania to develop conclusions and recommendations for future studies.
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Tanner, Aaron. "Opportunities and barriers to sustainability innovation adoption in a UK water and sewerage company". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2011. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7289.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Over the last twenty years, the concepts of sustainability and sustainable development have assumed political importance around the world, and have been largely embraced by governments and prominent international institutions. These concepts have been a means of tackling the challenges of population growth and environmental change. For the UK water sector, these concepts now represent a multitude of challenges. The confluence of climate change and population growth is reducing access to, and the availability of, water resources. The financial costs of inputs such as energy, chemicals, materials and cost of process by-products such as greenhouse gases, carbon, and waste services continue to rise. Government regulators are demanding an improvement in the quality of services, increasingly stringent conditions for emissions to water, air or land, catchment-specific management of the water environment, and the adoption of longterm planning horizons. The UK government has expectations that the water sector will play a role in the delivery of its targets for reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions. Society demands that WaSCs engage in high-level stakeholder consultations and employ long-term visions to guide their decision-making. Finally, WaSCs are increasingly expected to demonstrate and respond to local and global concerns (under the rubric of corporate responsibility) to further justify their value to society. Cont/d.
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Tanvir, Farah. "Partnership in development : construction of the sewerage systems in the squatter settlements of Pakistan". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70297.
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Alnoaimi, Ali D. "Development of Sustainability Assessment Framework for Sewerage Infrastructure Projects in the Kingdom of Bahrain". Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/402266.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Sustainable sewerage infrastructure projects are the keys in achieving sustainable development, as such infrastructure directly impacts on all sustainable development initiatives. Throughout its life cycle, a sewerage system faces a number of challenges and threats to its sustained efficiency, including the impact of ageing, aggressive environmental factors, underfunding, inadequate design, and insufficient operation and maintenance activities. These problems may lead to a rise in the risk of failure, including sewage leakage, overflow, discharge and odour issues. These issues can have significant impacts on the environment, public health and safety, the economy and the service lives of the assets, all of which will affect the sustainability of the sewerage system. Despite its importance and serious consequences, very little research has focused on assessing sustainability at the project level, and no research has assessed a sewerage system throughout its life cycle. In Bahrain, the sewerage system presents a notable variety of challenges related to environmental, economic, social and managerial issues that need to be considered in order to attain a sustainable sewerage system. The original contribution of this research is therefore, to develop a framework for assessing the sustainability of the Kingdom of Bahrain’s sewerage infrastructure projects, thereby ensuring their long-term sustainability. The sustainability-assessment framework will focus on all aspects of sustainability throughout a project’s life cycle, setting it apart from most existing frameworks that focus more on the environmental aspect than on the economic and social aspects. The framework will also support the decision-making process throughout the life cycles of the assets. It will also provide greater transparency for stakeholders. The results of this research are important in addressing shortcomings of the sewerage system in the developing counties by providing a framework for the assessment of the sustainability of sewerage projects for the Kingdom of Bahrain and throughout the Arabian Gulf region.
Throughout the research for this thesis, several methodologies were adopted to achieve research objectives, including an extensive review of the relevant literature and of the secondary data that were utilized to clarify the research problem. Then, a conceptual sustainability assessment framework was developed; this framework includes sustainability indicators to determine the sustainability of sewerage infrastructure projects. Furthermore, a mixed-methods approach was used to enhance and verify the framework. First in this approach, experts were consulted to improve the developed framework. This stage of the research resulted in the preliminary sustainability indicators that were used in the next stages of framework development. In the second part of the approach, a pilot study was conducted to improve and enrich the survey. The third part included both quantitative and qualitative data collection through an open-ended survey conducted among experts working in the development of sewerage projects in Bahrain. In the fourth part, the collected data were analysed, resulting in the identification of 43 scored sustainability indicators that led to accomplishing the development of the framework.
The developed framework has been applied to three case studies in Bahrain, thus demonstrating how it may be applied successfully. These applications outline the process of selecting indicators, identifying weights and scoring the indicators to determine the sustainability index for the different stages of sewerage projects. The decision-support system is built in line with the project life cycle and its associated six stages: 1) current sewerage system, involves identifying and understanding an existing sewerage network; 2) contextualizing a new project according to the sustainability of the wastewater collection system; 3) planning, designing and constructing, which includes addressing sustainability issues in the project; 4) operation and maintenance, which ensures sustainability performance within the project; 5) periodic assessment, which ensures continual, effective sustainability assessment; 6) rehabilitation/ upgrading, which implements the results of the sustainability assessment in the case of rehabilitation or upgrading. A multi-criteria analysis (MCA) methodology has been adopted in the framework, using sustainability criteria and indicators in assessing sewerage projects and providing a sustainability index.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Eng & Built Env
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
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Beda, Mthandazo. "Actors affecting financial sustainability of water and sewerage provision in Ccape Town, South Africa". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2997.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019Financial sustainability of water and sewerage provision is undermined by consumers’ inability and reluctance to pay service fees. Consequently, the escalation of operational and maintenance costs of water and sewerage provision is a major challenge facing South African municipalities. This study examines the provision of water and sewerage services and presents a strategic framework to manage revenue collection to achieve water and sewerage provision financial sustainability. The study applied interpretive epistemology research method. Content analysis was used to collect and analyse data for an improved understanding of service provision and revenue collection mantra. Unlike the other method such as the exploratory research method that provides a description of the observed phenomenon, an interpretive epistemology methodology provides deeper insights into management strategies that are required in order to achieve sustainable water and sewerage provision. The main objective of this study was to investigate factors affecting financial sustainability of water and sewerage provision in Cape Town. The qualitative data were analysed using content method of analysis to gain better meaning of the phenomenon being studied. The results show that although the water and sanitation department of the participating organisation is making efforts to generate revenue through implementing water and sanitation services payments, there are some residents who refuse to pay for services, resulting in revenue loss. The other reason for loss of revenue is unaccounted water which is the focus of the water and sewerage, demand management and strategy section; this is as a result of leaks, illegal connections, unregistered car wash bays, unmetered connections and informal settlement areas which do not get enough subsidies. The reasons advanced for unwillingness to pay for water and sanitation services by consumers were unemployment, poverty, unequal distribution of services and general ignorance. This study has found evidence of a reluctance toward service payment by participating consumers – requiring strategies to encourage rates payments.
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Ribeiro, Jaqueline Cardoso. "Avaliação de uma estação compacta de tratamento de esgoto sanitário composta por reator UASB - biofiltro aerado submerso /". Bauru, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/143798.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Orientador: Gustavo Henrique Ribeiro da SilvaBanca: Jorge Hamada
Banca: Ronan Cleber Contrera
Resumo: Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma Estação Compacta de Tratamento de Efluente (ECTE) composta por reator Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) seguido de Biofiltro Aerado Submerso (BAS), localizada no município de Uru-SP e foi conduzida em parceria com a Sabesp. As ECTEs podem ser uma ótima alternativa para a implantação de um sistema descentralizado que possa atender pequenas comunidades, no entanto, tais sistemas ainda são pouco utilizados para o tratamento municipal de efluentes sanitários e ainda há pouca experiência com relação à sua operação, portanto esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de tal sistema e realizar seu acompanhamento operacional, e através dos resultados obtidos apresentar diretrizes para sua melhor operação, proporcionando um efluente final de melhor qualidade. Este acompanhamento foi realizado através de análises físico-químicas com duração de 16 semanas e foram feitas coletas semanais de cada etapa do tratamento e coletas mensais do perfil de lodo do reator UASB. Através deste acompanhamento foi possível estimar diretrizes para o volume e periodicidade de descarte de lodo uma vez que havia um histórico de problemas em relação a Sólidos Sedimentáveis (SS) na ECTE e apresentar sugestões de melhorias para o sistema em relação às questões de projeto, dimensionais e operacionais. Durante a pesquisa, o sistema mostrou-se bastante eficiente principalmente em relação às remoções de Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio (5 dias) (DBO5) e Demanda Q... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This research was developed in a Compact Wastewater Treatment Plant (CWWTP) composed of Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor followed by Submerged Aerated Biofilter (BAF), located in the municipality of Uru-SP and was conducted in partnership with Sabesp. The CWWTPs can be a great alternative to the implementation of a decentralized system that can serve small communities, however, such systems are still little used for municipal treatment of sewage and there is little experience regarding its operation, so this search aimed to evaluate the efficiency of such a system and perform its operational monitoring, and through the results provide guidelines for its best operation, providing a final effluent of better quality. This monitoring was carried out through physical-chemical analyzes during 16 weeks and weekly collections were made of each stage of the treatment and monthly collections of UASB reactor sludge profile. Through this monitoring it was possible to estimate guidelines for volume and intervals of sludge disposal since there was a history of issues regarding Sedimentable Solids (SS) in the CWWTP and to present suggestions for improvements in the system in relation to design issues, dimensional and operational. During the search, the system proved to be very efficient especially in relation to Biochemistry Demand Oxygen (5 days) (BOD5) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) filtered removals with average values of at least 91% and 85% respectively. It is also beli... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
28
Pointon, Charlotte. "Essays in the measurement of efficiency for the English and Welsh water and sewerage industry". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/72007/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The English and Welsh water and sewerage industry was privatised in 1989 and is characterised by a series of regional monopolies. The majority of consumers currently have no choice in their supplier. The industry is regulated by Ofwat to guarantee the best value for customers whilst enabling the companies to undertake their activities. The motivation of this thesis is to examine the effectiveness of regulation. The aim is to examine five research questions. Firstly, has regulation encouraged convergence amongst the efficiency scores? Secondly, have the 1999 and 2004 price reviews been effective in improving efficiency? Thirdly, is there a capex bias in the industry? The final two aims come from a methodological perspective: firstly, to allow for the incorporation of environmental variables within the measurement of efficiency and secondly, to incorporate the long asset life of capital by incorporating capital as an intertemporal factor of production. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is employed to measure efficiency which is a non-parametric technique that creates a linear frontier over the data. Convergence is examined by drawing from the growth literature to examine -and -convergence. A three-stage DEA model is applied to examine the influence of environmental variables and to obtain an environmental adjusted DEA efficiencey score. Finally, the intertemporal nature of capitala is incorporated through a dynamic DEA model. This thesis reports that whilst regulation has produced limited improvements in the average efficiency, regulation has been effective in encouraging the least efficient firms to catch up with the frontier companies. Ofwat's tightening of the price review in 1999 has produced significant improvements in efficiency, whereas the 2004 price review was relatively lax and had no significant influence. Finally, the thesis highlights that the current regulatory framework induces a preference towards capital expenditure which can have implications on the consumer's bill.
29
Lynch, Daniel P. "The effect of polymer dose and mixing intensity on sludge dewatering with a plate and frame filter press". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44124.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Experiments were performed with anaerobically digested sludge and a plate and frame filter press to determine filter press performance over a range of polymer doses and under a variety of sludge and polymer mixing conditions. In addition, bench-scale polymer dosing and mixing experiments were conducted with the same sludge samples to determine the relationship between the bench-scale tests and actual plate and frame filter press performance. Dewatering rate was measured in bench- scale experiments with a Capillary Suction Time (CST) device and dewatering rate in pilot-scale experiments was quantified by measuring the volume of filtrate from the plate and frame press. The dimensionless quantity, Gt, was used to measure total mixing intensity input where G was the mean velocity gradient and t was the mixing time for the sludge and polymer.
The performance of the plate and frame filter press was optimized by predicting polymer dose with a bench-scale mixing device. For the plate and frame filter press used in this study, the polymer dose was selected by finding the optimum polymer dose for the bench-scale mixing system set at a Gt value of 30,000. The sludge and polymer were mixed with a Gt value of 5000 prior to introduction to the filter press. The polymer dosing and mixing scheme that was developed for the filter press in this study indicates that the filter press imparts some shear (G) on the sludge and that polymer must be provided to reagglomerate fractured sludge particles. An estimate of the Gt value for the filter press that was used in this study is 15,000 to 40,000.
Master of Science
30
Gökçen, Tankut Serim Erkal. "Influence of urban geometry on public investment cost of urban technical infrastructure:a case study of sewer system in Aydın, Turkey/". [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2005. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezlerengelli/doktora/sehirplanlama/T000359.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Doctoral)--İzmir Institute Of Technology, İzmir, 2005.Keywords:Infrastructure, city form, sustainable development, sewerage systems, geographical information systems. Includes bibliographical references (leaves. 164-174).
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Kudrnová, Eliška. "Technické ukazatele hodnocení tradičních a alternativních způsobů odkanalizování". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226887.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the last years, we indicated progress in use of alternative methods for drainage. Thanks the information from abroad we started design vacuum and pressure methods of drainage instead gravity ones. The main content of this script is especially point out deficiencies of nowadays used alternative methods for drainage, which we can defuse. Another important part is also design of suitable technical indicators describing these drainages.
32
Rajaratne, Wilfred Mahes, e Arachchige Kumara Omalaka Danushka Panagoda. "Feasibility Study of Biogas Generation from Municipal Solid Waste and Sewerage within the Colombo City Limits". Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147846.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Colombo City is the commercial capital of Sri Lanka with an estimated resident population of over 750,000 spread over 3741 hectares (ha) and has a population density over 1188 per ha. It is located in the western coast of Sri Lanka and is in wet zone. The topography is of flat terrain with a mix of land and water. Considering the population and the limited undeveloped land available, the disposal of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and Sewer is a major environmental problem in Colombo. The major object of this thesis is to identify and evaluate a productive waste management system that is not only environmental friendly but also sustainable and cost effective. In this context, as a sustainable technology, applicability of anaerobic digestion is investigated and methane generation potential of the waste is evaluated. In order to identify a sustainable waste management system, the quantity of waste generated within the city of Colombo is identified. The current practices of disposal of these wastes are then reviewed to identify any issues regarding its sustainability. The majority of the MSW is currently disposed as open landfill that is causing pollution of waterways, with its leachate, as well as the polluting the atmosphere around it with its bad odour. The sewer is discharged to sea or disposed via a self-contained soakage pit. Except for few small-scale anaerobic digestion plants that use solid waste for generation of biogas for localized use, there is no large-scale waste to energy projects in operation in Sri Lanka. The sewer is not used productively at all. Having identified the quantity of waste and the disposal methods practiced, the priority is to identify sustainable and productive methods of disposal of wastes that suits best the local conditions. With this in view research hitherto carried out are studied and available literature is reviewed. The objective is to ascertain the processes that productively harness the energy potential of MSW and Sewer, individually or in combination. There are many physical and chemical methods for treatment of wastes. However bioconversion of waste provides the best options for tapping the energy of the wastes. Of the two main bioconversion methods aanaerobic processes exhibit many advantages over aerobic digestion with its ability of handling high organic loading rates and low sludge production. However, the reason for the increase in applications of anaerobic processes, is, its potential for production of energy using the biogas generated. The methane so produced can replace fossil fuel and therefore has a direct positive effect on greenhouse gas reduction. Therefore, compared with other bioconversion technologies for treatment of MSW and sewer/wastewater, the energy and environment benefits make anaerobic digestion an attractive option. Anaerobic treatment of waste in an engineered landfill bioreactor is found to be the best option for treatment of MSW. Whilst providing a decrease in long term environmental risks and low operational and closure costs it provides with valuable energy source in generation of methane. As for sewer generation of methane in anaerobic processes can be enhanced with co-digestion of different types of waste suitably selected. In this regard co-digestion of sewer and wastewater with food waste is found to be productive and is applied in this study. Literature review is carried out to determine suitable models to predict the methane generation potential. The "First Order Decay Model" is identified as the appropriate model for prediction of methane from MSW in landfills. The "Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1" is applied for prediction of methane from sewer and waste water. Chemical composition of MSW is the primary parameter which affects the methane generation. The chemical composition is computed applying the ultimate analysis and using a stoichiometric based approach. For sewer and waste water the basic parameters of BOD and COD concentrations are available from data gathered. Apart from these two parameters the other parameters relevant to local conditions are not available. Therefore values that closely fit the local conditions are taken from the literature. The study determines the methane generation potential of MSW approximately 2.1 x 106 m3 per annum and anaerobic co-digestion of sewer and food substrates generate 9.1 x 106 m3 per annum. If parameters could be determined for the wastes generated locally the accuracy of the methane generation potential could be further enhanced. In this context, further studies, should be directed from the conventional landfills to "Anaerobic Bioreactor Controlled" landfill, where circulation of liquids including leachate is carried out to increase the biogas yield. For sewer the focus should be on the most economical foot print of parallel banks of number of continuous-flow stirred-tank reactors (CSTR) operating in series to accommodate the total flow rate of sewer.
33
Lee, Yu-Ting, e 李玉婷. "A Study on the Governance Mechanism of Sewerage － A Case Study of Sewerage service pricing policy". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9ud8af.
Testo completo
34
Yeh, Hsiao-Ping, e 葉筱萍. "Evaluation Factors of Sewerage Rehabilitation by AHP". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48077991516225577588.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立中興大學
土木工程學系
93
Sewer systems are buried underground so that the authorities have difficulties to maintain, monitor, and rehabilitate sewer systems. On the contrast, sewer systems are easy to get cracks and damages because of corrosive wastewater inside sewer and complex surrounding outside sewer. Serious cracks and leaks could result in exceeding the designed rate flow of the sewerage treatment plants due to the infiltration of rain or underground water. Also, the exfoliation of sewerage from detective pipes may cause a potential health hazard with the possible contamination of groundwater and soil. Usually the cost of sewerage rehabilitation is usually immense but under a limit budget. Thus, to set up a priority list of sewerage rehabilitation is necessary. This research is to establish an evaluation model to find out the cost-benefit ratio for each sewer sub-system. First of all, a comprehensive list of affecting factors to sewerage rehabilitation was established by an analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Then, through an expert questionnaire, the weights for all affecting factors can be estimated. By multiplying the all quantitative affecting factors and their weights, an overall score can be obtained for the cost-benefit evaluation. In result, the authorities can set up the strategy for the sewerage rehabilitation by considering both the rehabilitation priority and budget limitation. This evaluation process was applied to a sewerage system in the east Taichung city, Taiwan.
35
Beder, Sharon. "From pipe dreams to tunnel vision : engineering decision-making and Sydney's sewerage system /". 1989. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-NUN/public/adt-NUN20050414.214737/index.html.
Testo completo
36
Su, Wen-Jer, e 蘇文哲. "Application of MS PROJECT on the Project Management of Sewerage System- A case study of Sewerage System in Tainan". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23582614833238503370.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立成功大學
水利及海洋工程學系碩博士班
93
ABSTRACT The sewerage construction is an important indication for national construction development, which has certain degree of impact on the image and competition ability of a country. Many countries have made it as an important administration job. According to “Challenge 2008: Important Plan of National Development ” approved on May 31, 2002 by Executive Yuan, the sewerage construction has been included in the sub-plan of the “Water and Green Construction” under item 9, which will be executed and mapped out by Construction & Planning Administration. It is planned to increase the pipe connection rate from 8% at end of 2001 to 20.3% by 2007 as a target. The promotion of the sewerage construction in Taiwan area will be an important project in the future. In view of the sewerage piping web construction is an inevitable ring of the overall sewerage system, the risky factor during the construction is critical to the success or failure of the construction, also it will affect the operation of the whole sewerage system. This study has aimed at the uncertain factors on site during sewerage piping web construction at southern Taiwan (Tainan county and city, Kaohsiung city) to do the questionnaire investigation from the expert, also, to analyze the quantitive risky value that will affect the degree of progress, further, to reflect such value on the whole construction period as well as itemized construction construction periods practically, and to investigate and prove then. Such information may offer the professional management personnel the choice, application and plan of risk management during the construction period such as: the appropriation of the pipe moving budget, follow-up the timetable for pipe moving, execution of earlier completion plan by contractor, etc., treatment strategy. The timing control of sewerage piping construction that applies MS Project expertise software, and take the sewerage piping and branch piping construction of Tainan City as example will have better efficiency on data acquirement, collection, processing, analysis, storage and use during the construction period, hoping to achieve the goal to upgrade the case management by computerized information technology. Besides, this study will also make use of the prompt character of the information technology to help the execution of the case management on sewerage construction.
37
Mannan, IFFAT. "Corporatizing Dhaka Water Supply And Sewerage Authority, Bangladesh". Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1648.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Efforts to commercialize water supply and sanitation in Dhaka, Bangladesh, have been pushed vigorously by internal and external proponents of neo-liberalism. The thesis takes a critical look at these developments and analyzes the role of multinational finance institutions in this process. In particular, it looks into the role of these finance institutions in funding reform projects to corporatize Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (WASA), examining the impacts on end users, especially marginalized sections of society. The thesis describes how, in the process of corporatization, Dhaka WASA is and will continue to be more assertive in its commercial orientation than it was previously. The paper also studies a highly touted ‘successful’ co-operative model for revenue management called Program for Performance Improvement (PPI), seen by some as an alternative to privatization. I argue that the model in fact emerged as a consequence of the commercialization efforts of neoliberal reforms and that the revenue management model has created an isolated business unit with a reclusive management that undermines the egalitarian objectives of the water utility as a public service entity.Thesis (Master, Environmental Studies) -- Queen's University, 2009-01-06 12:06:45.901
38
CHEN, KUAN-WEN, e 陳冠文. "Feasibility Study of Sintered Brick using Sewerage Sludge". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60321552971759285487.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
河海工程學系
92
In Taipei, residential sewer connections have been increased over 70% in recent years. Along with the operation of new treatment plants, lots of sewerage sludge needs to be land-filled everyday. However, it becomes more difficulty to acquire new place for dumping and covering the sludge in the metropolitan area. The development of efficient and economical methods for solving a great amount of sewerage sludge is of paramount importance. The technique and cost effectiveness of utilizing sludge was investigated in this study. Test variables include mix proportion of sludge and clay, sintering temperature, sintering procedure and sludge compositions. Except for Zn, the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr, and As are all below the allowable limits regulated by Environmental Protection Agencies by conducting leaching-out test. The bricks with 40% sludge and 60% clay sintered at temperature of 800℃ and 1000℃ satisfy CNS building brick Grade I and Grade II requirements, respectively. The bricks were molten at temperature of 1300℃. There is not much difference between one-time sintered bricks and two-time sintered bricks. The water absorption was higher in the bricks using sludge with higher organic compounds. The sludge/clay brick is much beneficial without clay cost and by charging city government NT$1000/ton for sewerage sludge treatment
39
Shiu, Pei-shiuan, e 許珮瑄. "Sewerage branch pipe for engineering design and practice". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57539114797388374912.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士逢甲大學
水利工程與資源保育學系
104
The primary function of sewage systems is to protect the living environment, advance urban development, and improve people health. Sewage systems are an indicator of the development of modern cities. Taiwan is currently advancing its public sewage construction in an effort to improve the domestic environment as well as national competitiveness. This paper reports the results of a practical training project for end-user plumbing in municipal sewage engineering in Taichung. The project was undertaken in Beitun District Ping-Hsin neighborhood. This study used business internship modes for learning and providing a comprehensive training on sewage system planning and design. The internship training process included on-site investigation of end-user investigate, construction assessment, investigate configuration, AutoCAD map data creation, SewerCAD hydrological software-based analysis, and construction budgeting using the Public Construction Cost Estimate System.
40
Lu, Sue-Ching, e 呂淑箐. "Applying GA on the Optimization of Sewerage Rehabilitation". Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84950773628871605355.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士朝陽科技大學
營建工程系碩士班
90
A sewerage system, that costs the government billions of NT dollars very years, is one of the essential infrastructure equipped in modern city. Most of the sewerage system is underground and hard to detected, even though it is easy to get cracks caused by corrosive chemicals inside sewer. However serious cracks and leaks could result in sewerage exceeding the designed rate flow of the sewerage treatment plants due to the infiltration of rain or underground water. Also, the exfiltration of sewerage from detective pipes may causes a potential health hazard with the possible contamination of groundwater and soil. Thus, an efficient management and maintenance is necessary. However, when the budget is limited, an overall examination and reparation becomes impossible. This research will establish a decision-support system to help make a prioritizing yearly plan on the examination and reparation of a sewerage system. Several jobs need to be done, including (1) to sift a factor of influence out in the process, including the factor of critical sewer、the factor of structural sewer、the factor of service sewer, etc. (2) applying Genetic algorithm which is good at ruling space search operation, we can calculate the cost and effectiveness of sewer repairment projects. The cost-utility combination varying with adopting different maintaining techniques for damage points can provide decision makers with the reference for sewer rehabilitation, and (3) application of GIS in the system to store the detailed information of the sewerage system and display the analysis results in visualized maps. This research is about to result in an optimal prioritizing yearly plan so that the methods and order of pipe line rehabilitation. The system will be applied on a close sewerage system in the Kaoshiung.
41
Liang, Wei-Ju, e 梁維儒. "Development of unmanned ground vehicle for sewerage engineering". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rpd8st.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士中原大學
機械工程研究所
107
Since the first development sewer system in human history, it has become one of the major infrastructures for the modern city. According to the official record, the first sewer system in Taiwan was built around 1959, despite the connection rate is still very low (around 20%), aging plus frequent nature disaster has speed up the structure deterioration Conventional inspection method involving human inspector, which is dangerous and high cost. With advance in technologies, recent inspection started to use robot system to increase safety level, however, since Taiwan has no company specify in building such system, hence the cost is still high. To overcome these problems, this thesis focusing on using in house design system to develop underground pipeline inspection robot that can be integrate with varies of sensors. The overall developed unmanned robot connect to the ground control station with CAT5E ether net cable with tested length up to 1200 meters. Finally, a simple experiment were carried out to visually inspect section of the pipe inside campus of Chung Yuan Christian University.
42
Whitaker, Todd B. "Sewer system rehabilitation and the effectiveness of chemical grouting /". 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/11826.
Testo completo
43
張賢潭. "The study of using sewerage sludge as a material". Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25528155801113854701.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立海洋大學
河海工程學系碩士在職專班
90
Accompanied by the uprising of sewerage population rate and commission of the several municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in the Taipei metropolitan area, the amount of sludge produced by WWTP is increased accordingly. How to effectively treat sludge is then worthy to be considered by all seniors in the engineering field as a common topic. This study is different from the traditional concept of sludge treatment. Under the condition of satisfying the requirements of environmental protection and resource recovery and through the research in material science, engineering and economic respects, this study tries to find an incorporated and feasible scenario to apply the treated sludge as a material to refill the piping trench. The strategy of this study uses 0Portland cement, blast furnace slag powder, and alkali activated reagent as agglomeration material, interfacial activated reagent as sludge particle dispersion agent, and ion stabilization reagent or chelate reagent to suppress the leachability of heavy metals and decomposition of organics. The final product of sludge after treatment is expected to fulfill the requirements in workability, setting time and strength as specified for controlled low strength material (as CLSM). The result of this study shows all of the solidified modules with different additive proportion as suggested can comply with the specification of CLSM in fluidity and setting time. With respect to the test for 12-hour compression strength, however, part of the solidified modules made by the sludge of Pali WWTP fails to fulfill the specification of CLSM since the high concentration of heavy metals initiate the retarding effect to the hydration of blast furnace slag powder. According to this study, the condition of low strength can be significantly improved by reducing the ratio of liquid to colloid. The leaching test also presents that the concentrations of heavy metals after solidification are much lower than the test before solidification. After exposure to the atmosphere for certain period, the solidified modules come out with some villus-like material on the surface. It may be caused by the decomposition of the organics inside of modules. Except that, no mark able crack is observed on the surface. When the solidified modules are applied as refilling material for piping trench, it is evaluated that cracks on surface or inside of the modules will neither cause surrounding soil slack nor settlement of asphalt surface
44
Chao, Chien-Chiao, e 趙建喬. "Development of Sewerage Maintenance Management Guidelines for Kaohsiung City". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42687077649365210719.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
營建工程所
92
As more and more sewerage pipelines have been installed, and the network of sewerage system is progressing in expansion, the focus of Kaohsiung metropolitan office has shifted from “construction” of sewerage pipelines to both “construction and maintenance”. To maximize the effectiveness of the limited maintenance resources, it is crucial to build up a system that adopts a “preventive mechanism” from the previous way of passive “inspection, report and fix”. This research is designed to examine the current maintenance system and propose a set of maintenance guidelines for Kaohsiung sewerage system. Conclusions are made from the results of analysis of information collected form the written documents of current sewerage system of Taipei city and countries such as Australia, Japan, and England, together with in dept interviews of experts involved in the sewerage works. The proposed maintenance guidelines of Kaohsiung sewerage system consists of “pipeline condition assessment”, which includes (a) coarse condition grading, (b) serviceability grading, (c) structure condition grading, and (d) final applied condition grading and is used to identify pipeline conditions, “pipeline criticality assessment”, which is used to measure the importance of the pipelines quantitatively and qualitatively, and a set of decision matrix rules, which suggest the inspection and maintenance frequency in accordance with the results of the assessment.
45
Lin, Jie-Min, e 林玠民. "Private Sector Participation in Sewerage Construction in Taichung City". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02679764234426183185.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士朝陽科技大學
營建工程系碩士班
96
In recent years, the construction and completion rate of the sewerage system in metropolitan areas have been selected as one of the most crucial environment indices for evaluating developed advanced countries where sewerage system is an essential public facility for the civilians. Due to tremendous amount of budget required, the “Act of Promoting Private Sector Participation in Public Projects” was first implemented by the government as part of the project “Challenge of 2008 Key national Development Plans” to introduce the role of private sector in order to expedite the construction process and completion rate of the sewerage systems throughout the Taiwan region. It is generally believed that the highest risk from applying the ACT is that the sewerage constructions for the major metropolitan areas in Taiwan are not financially self-sustainable and the investment and/or subsidization by the government are critical for the feasibility and success of such constructions. The study was conducted on the basis of the “Modified Construction Plans for Sewerage Systems, Phase III” in Taiwan to analyze the feasibility of the sewerage constructions including the risk and financial analysis when the aforementioned Act is applied during the plan/design process. Taichung City in central Taiwan was selected in the study as the model case study for the analysis and the results revealed that: (1). The related law/regulation should be reviewed and revised to avoid delay of the contracts in finance and construction due to the lack of government investment/subsidization or disapproval by the legislation of the local governments. (2). The difference in user’s rate should be avoid for counties in Taiwan. (3). The average project cost including construction and operation for the sewerage system is about NT $12 million/hectare in the Taichung City area. (4). The most critical factors in affecting the investment return rate for the sewerage system are rate reduction ratio, construction cost, and operation cost, with a variation rate of +_ 20% is used in the analysis.
46
Chen, Yu-Cheng, e 陳禹成. "Evaluation of Engineering Procurement Method for Sewerage Collection System". Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87270858120129106049.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立中央大學
土木工程研究所
89
Untreated household sewage has become a main source of environmental pollution in Taiwan. To tackle this problem, sewerage collection systems must be built as efficiently as possible. Among many urgent tasks, rationalizing a suitable engineering procurement approach remains to be contemplated. The enactment of Government Procurement Law provides high potential to solving this predicament. This work focuses on evaluating various procurement models is constructing the sewerage collection system, including pipes which run between households and sewer mains. It first develops the performance criteria of sewerage pipe construction, primarily based on expert knowledge. Then, it examines a total of nineteen sewerage branch procurement methods and evaluates the projected performance of each. The Analytic Hierarchy Process method is employed for compiling and verifying surveyed results. The main finding of this work is a confirmation that integration between design and construction is a key success factor in sewer system construction. There is a strong correlation between the degree of integration and project performance. It is also important to retrospect the existing contracting strategy, in which conventional separation between design and construction prevails and construction contracts tend to be grouped by piping characteristics rather than collection system logistics. In order to promote environmental protection and the advancement of modern life, timely delivery of sewer systems is of utmost importance in terms of economy and politics.
47
Lin, Hung-Lun, e 林鴻倫. "A preliminary research on schedulingof sewerage household connection construction". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95249606611726795035.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
營建工程所
94
Abstract The sewer system is an important infrastructure for a modern country, and is evaluated as a critical index of world competitiveness in the world. Based on the preliminary estimates of this research, it is forecasted that the cost of Sewer House Connection Construction (SHCC) will approach one billion NT to achieve the goal of 80% waste water treated. Based on the initial study conducted by this research, few scheduling and planning works were performed for the SHCC. By observations, interviews, and reviewing historical data, this study analyzed the sequencing logic of the SHCC; then, together with the productivity data provided by an early study, a preliminary schedule for a finished project was manually developed. Duration of the studied case was originally scheduled by the contractor as 180 work days; however, according to the method developed by this research, the work can be done in 130 days, which is 27% shorter than the original schedule. But more work is still needed to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the scheduling methodology developed in this study.
48
Chang, Chia-Lun, e 張嘉倫. "A Productivity Model for the Sewerage Household Connection Construction". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97343923885897202942.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
營建工程所
94
The sewer system is an important infrastructure for a modern country, and evaluated as a critical index of world competitiveness in the international society. Wastewater treated in Taiwan reached 13.07% till July, 2005, far behind those in developed countries. It needs more resource to improve the percentage of household connection. The current critical problem is, based on the initial observation and interview conducted by this research, there are many types of household connection-pipe activities, with varied productivities, and the productivities may be affected by the uncertain and man-made factors. Contractors often lack scheduling and planning ability at Sewer House Connection Construction (SHCC) work, and are not able to distribute resource well, and therefore raise the risk of delay. This research describes a statistical model developed to forecast the productivity of household connection-pipe activities. The model is a multiple regression model, developed by observed and interviewed information on-site. Model coefficients regarding influencing factors and the baseline productivity of each type of household connection-pipe is A2＝ 0.86 wh/unit, A3＝1.03 wh/unit, A4＝1.37 wh/unit, S2＝0.73 wh/unit, S3＝1.02 wh/unit, N2＝0.37 wh/unit, N3=0.57 wh/unit. Construction planners and managers could use the model to estimate the required work days for the SHCC in each lane.
49
Lin, Ping-Tse, e 林秉澤. "Improvement on the Sewerage Pipe Jacking Methods in Taiwan". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19500228127843682109.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立屏東科技大學
土木工程系所
100
The Contents of Abstract in this Thesis: The thesis collects the sewage pipe jacking methods currently applied in Taiwan to point out the difference in the mechanism between the shield tunneling method and the pipe jacking method. The differences in pipe materials, equipments and construction methods between these two methods are also explained. The thesis lists the items which must be noted during pre- and under pipe jacking construction, including the required items for construction quality control, trouble shooting for the breakdown of the pipe jacking machine, the way to select pipe size and pipe material, the ground improvement methods for poor ground condition, and the auxiliary methods and security monitoring system to prevent affecting the near-by structures. In addition, for the maintenance issues of pipe jacking machine, the thesis suggests to establish maintenance and repairing card system, and go along with the inspecting and rewards and penalty system implemented by the government. As regards the education and training of the pipe jacking, the thesis suggests to offer training courses for the sewage pipe jacking operating technician and manager, and to set up the certification examination system of sewage by the government.
50
CHENG, CHIU CHIEN, e 邱建誠. "Research on the Safety Influence of Sewerage Construction Management". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/y5b352.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士中華科技大學
土木防災與管理碩士班
107
The major purpose of this thesis is to study the sewerage construction management to safety influence. In order to accomplish this study, both expert interviews and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) are used to investigate it. Based on the evaluation scale by the AHP, we have the order as follows: (1)safety (2)cost (3)manpower, (4)efficiency (5)degree of progress of construction. According to the alternative eigen vector by the AHP, we have the ranking as follows 1) efficiency (2) cost (3) degree of progress of construction, (4) safety, (5) manpower. Keywords: Sanitary sewer、Safe sanitation management、 Analytical hierarchy process