Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Sell a house"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Sell a house"
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Arzwin Binti Mohamed Aris, Nur, Mohamed Syazli Fathi, Aizul Nahar Harun e Zainai Mohamed. "An Overview of Housing Purchase and Delivery System in Malaysia". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, n. 3.21 (8 agosto 2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.21.17096.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Two types of the housing delivery system (HDS) were used in providing houses in the Malaysia market. However concept and differences between this two systems are not yet discussed in the feature diagram in giving comprehensive understanding the process purchasing a house. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the process of purchasing a house using two types of HDS which are Sell then Build (STB) system and Build then Sell (BTS) system in Malaysia. This paper first reviews the timeline of HDS and housing provision in Malaysia and later reviews the differences between Sell then Build (STB) system and Build then Sell (BTS) system in the process purchasing a house. The process of purchasing a house in HDS involves a developer, a house buyer, and a financial institution as depicted in the model diagram. The differences of purchasing a house between the two HDS can obviously seen in the financial transaction during the construction stage in which the developer crucially needs fund in completing housing development. This review also highlights the concept, issues, advantages, and disadvantages of both HDS from the perspective of a developer, a house buyer, and the financial institution.
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Fletcher, David B. "Must Wolterstorff Sell His House?" Faith and Philosophy 4, n. 2 (1987): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/faithphil19874215.
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Graham, Gordon. "Want to Sell Your House?" Logos 26, n. 2 (13 giugno 2015): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1878-4712-11112074.
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Smith, James. "Should the NMC sell the house?" Nursing Standard 18, n. 5 (15 ottobre 2003): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.18.5.30.s33.
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O'Brien, Michael. "Mum's Got To Sell The House". Photographies 3, n. 2 (23 agosto 2010): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17540763.2010.499613.
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Nguyễn Thị Bích, Hồng, e Hiệp Trương Thành. "The Behaviour of House Buyers in Response to Suspicious Signals of Houses for Sale". JOURNAL OF ASIAN BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC STUDIES 33, n. 7 (1 luglio 2022): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24311/jabes/2022.33.07.05.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The study aims to analyze the behaviour of house buyers in response to suspicious signals of houses for sale, including a surprisingly low listing price and a lengthy listing time. The authors apply a three-stage research method based on a survey data set of 448 buyers who have just bought self-built single-family houses in Ho Chi Minh City's urban area from June 2017 to May 2018. The results of the study found that a surprisingly low listing price not only does not attract and create an auction war among buyers, but it also creates a suspicion signal for the buyer, and as a result, the house becomes harder to sell with a lower transaction price and prolong the listing time. Finally, the Cox Proportional Hazards model results show that the first listing month provides the best performance with the highest probability of sale, but when the listing time is extended, it will also cause buyer suspicion and thus decrease the saleability of the house.
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Baldauf, Markus, Lorenzo Garlappi e Constantine Yannelis. "Does Climate Change Affect Real Estate Prices? Only If You Believe In It". Review of Financial Studies 33, n. 3 (14 febbraio 2020): 1256–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhz073.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This paper studies whether house prices reflect belief differences about climate change. We show that in an equilibrium model of housing choice in which agents derive utility from ownership in a neighborhood of similar agents, prices exhibit different elasticities to climate risk. We use comprehensive transaction data to relate prices to inundation projections of individual homes and measures of beliefs about climate change. We find that houses projected to be underwater in believer neighborhoods sell at a discount compared to houses in denier neighborhoods. Our results suggest that house prices reflect heterogeneity in beliefs about long-run climate change risks.
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Beizer, Janet. "The House of Harlequins". Romanic Review 112, n. 2 (1 settembre 2021): 281–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00358118-9091141.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This article explores the concept of the arlequin, the plate of used food collected piecemeal from the tables of the rich to sell to the poor, as it was popularized by Eugène Sue in 1842 in his blockbuster novel Les Mystères de Paris. I show how this alimentary genre functions in this text not only to reflect a socioeconomic reality of the nineteenth-century politics of eating, but also to introduce a budding aesthetic principle. The harlequin meal, composed of bits and pieces of various origins reassembled as a patchwork whole, inaugurates in Sue’s novel a reappearing pattern that comes to characterize not only food but also bodies, clothing, décor, narrative form, and modes of attention and belief. I argue that the aesthetics of patchwork and collage extend as well to Sue’s self-fashioning as a political and moral opportunist.
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Kevser, Mustafa, Mesut Doğan e Ayşenur Tarakçioğlu Altinay. "THE IMPACT OF BUY – SELL RECOMMENDATIONS ON BANKS’ STOCK RETURNS". Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 8, n. 2 (25 marzo 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2022-8-2-1-10.
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The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of stock buy-sell recommendations of brokerage houses on the stock returns of banks operating in Borsa Istanbul (BIST). Accordingly, it has been attempted to assess if investors can receive abnormal returns in accordance with the recommendations of brokerage houses using the case study technique. The validity of the semi-strong effective form of investors who made a buying-selling decision based on brokerage house recommendations was investigated. The returns of the banks' stocks were obtained from the data-stream database. The study evaluated buy-sell recommendations for four large brokerage houses and analyzed data from January 2018 through December 2020. The event study method was used, and t-test was performed in order to determine the difference of abnormal returns from zero in the research. As a result of the research, a negative abnormal return was determined on the day of the event and the day after the sell recommendation was given. Besides, a positive abnormal return was determined on the day before the announcement and on the day of the event in the bank stocks on which buy recommendation has been given. In this respect, the average abnormal and cumulative abnormal returns indicated that BIST was not an efficient market in a semi-strong form for the banking sector. When the sell recommendations and their effects are examined within the scope of the research, it is seen that the day before [-1] p=0.016 value was obtained, on the day, [0] p=0.018 value was obtained, the next day and two days later [+1, +2] p=0.077 and 0.046 values were obtained. On the other hand, when the buy recommendations and their effects are examined, it is seen that the day before [-1] p=0.000 and on the day [0] p=0.098 values were obtained. T-test results and p values show that brokerage house recommendations are effective on stock returns in the BIST banking sector, and therefore BIST banking sector is effective in a weak form. The obtained results of the study were crucial for investors who invested in short-term stocks.
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Kallåk Anundsen, André, e Erling Røed Larsen. "Strategic sequencing behavior among owner-occupiers". Journal of European Real Estate Research 7, n. 3 (28 ottobre 2014): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jerer-01-2014-0004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose – This article aims to study the dual search problem using data on the Norwegian housing market during the financial crisis of 2008 and begin the detailed mapping of the elements in the transmission mechanism from policy to the housing market. Moving owner occupiers face a simultaneous dual search and matching problem, as they must locate both a buyer and a seller with whom to transact. Individual agents solve this optimization under uncertainty by planning to make their bids for a new house partially conditional upon the sale of the old house. Design/methodology/approach – Norway may function as a window into a policy quasi-laboratory since the housing market was turned around in December 2008 in the midst of a worldwide financial crisis and after a year and a half of price decreases. The article proposes that one key dimension in the recovery was the reduced frequency of households with conditional demand involving sell-first strategies and acquires data to shed light on this proposition. Findings – Empirical evidence on the sell-first–buy-first differential, for-sale stock and stock-to-volume supports this proposition, and results indicate that the housing market is affected by sell-first strategies. The article discusses policy alternatives. Originality/value – The article introduces a miniature model of housing trade sequences and a simple apparatus with which to analyze the consequences of sell-first behavior. It also acquires and combines new data on sell-first–buy-first differential, for-sale stock and stock-to-volume ratio. The article analyzes the co-movement between these time series and the house price index.
Tesi sul tema "Sell a house"
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Snellgrove, Miriam Louise. "House Camphill built : identity, self and other". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8259.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis concerns the process of everyday identity formation within Camphill settings. Specifically the research investigates the ways that Camphill places construct their identity around notions of deviance, repetitive practice, material spaces and the social self. Using a broad ethnographic methodology the thesis examines the ways that making, verifying and ascribing such identity claims occur and in what situations and contexts. The research further contributes to debates around the particular ways that social research constructs an understanding of the social world and argues that knowledge of normative rules and social practices are crucial skills that determine our ability to function within society. Chapter One reviews the genesis of Camphill as residential settings for children and adults with disabilities. Discussions around the textual representations of Camphills’ seventy year history are critiqued. The three fieldsites and the particular challenges present in undertaking multi-sited and ethically challenging research are discussed. Chapter Two discusses the practical, epistemological and conceptual lens through which the research is devised. Further the process of ‘doing’ ethnography shapes the researcher’s identity as much as deviance, repetitive practice and the social self are implicated within Camphill’s identity work. The discussion argues for socially positioned ethnographies that reflect the multiple and competing social worlds of researcher, text and other. Chapter Three examines the particular ways that deviant identity is lived and experienced. It suggests that deviance is an important part of socialisation as it constructs social norms and rules, even if those norms are largely imagined. A key point is that non-conformity is person specific and engaged in differently across the fieldsites. Chapter Four examines the role materiality plays in the formation of Camphill identity work. It suggests that engagement with material things is done as part of wider ongoing socialisation processes. Chapter Five argues that Camphills’ highly structured everyday life is a crucial means for wider group and individual socialisation, with the expectation that such knowledge enables successful participation within society. The conclusion considers Camphill identity work and theorises its connections to collective experiences and structural processes.
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Zhang, Jinxia. "A study of a biblical self-study manual suitable for house churches' ministers in rural China". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2008. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p078-0059.
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Howes, Rosanne. "The temple within : house as symbol of God, self, and body". Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22543.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis examines the house as symbol of God, self, and body. This is a way to explore the expression of individuality both incorporated in, and invoked by the middle-class single family home, particularly for women. The theme, "the temple within," is intended to create a conceptual framework for the identification of activities which give the elements of the house meaning for the occupants. The elements of house, garden, hearth, entrance, windows, attic/stair/cellar, and walls and spaces, are identified through the analysis of primary sources. These are the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation Competition Series stock plans from 1947 to 1963, as well as two suburban homes from the Carlington neighbourhood in Ottawa, Ontario. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the appropriateness of these symbols of home as a vehicle for women's identity of self.
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Porter, Molly. "A Case Study of the Northern Kentucky Scholar House". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1522057879252513.
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Probert, Lorraine L. "Self-reported equestrian behavior regarding protective headgear". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1107.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 117 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-105).
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Dahl, Marcus. "Design and Construction of a Self-Deployable Structure for the Moon House Project". Thesis, KTH, Lättkonstruktioner, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-185024.
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This master thesis describes the design and construction of a prototype for the Moon House project. The goal was to develop a structural concept which ultimately will allow a 2 × 2.5 × 3 m3 house to be deployed on the surface of the Moon as an art installation. A 1 to 5 scale model was built and tested. Provided is background information on lightweight and inflatable technology for space applications. This is then reviewed together with earlier work related to the Moon House project in order to come up with a feasible design. The structure consists of a frame made out of plain-weave glass fiber tape springs. These are joined with plastic connectors and the frame is covered in a thin rip-stop polyester film. Elastic folds and pin-jointed hinges allow the structure to be folded, thus reducing its stowed volume. Deployment of the house is achieved with a combination of pressurization and elastically stored strain energy in the tape springs from folding of the structure. The tape springs have been tailored using specific lay-up and geometry to achieve an efficient folding scheme. The final structure was designed in Solid Edge and connectors were 3D-printed in plastic material. Deployment tests have been performed with partial success. Points of improvement have been identified and recommendations are made for future work.Detta examensarbete behandlar design och konstruktion av en prototyp för Månhusprojektet. Målet var att ta fram ett strukturellt koncept för en stuga med dimensionerna 2 × 2, 5 × 3 m3 som skall kunna veckla ut sig själv på månens yta. En modell i skala 1 till 5 byggdes och testades. Rapporten innehåller bakgrundsinformation om olika konstruktioner, uppblåsbara och utfällningsbara, för rymdapplikationer. Detta utvärderas sedan, tillsammans med tidigare arbete relaterat till projektet, mot kravspecifikationer, f¨or att ta fram en ny design. Resultatet ¨ar en struktur bestående av s.k. “Tape springs” tillverkade i vävd glasfiber. De olika elementen kopplas samman med skarvar av plast. Detta utgör en ram, som sedan kläds med tunn rip-stop polyester. Elastiska veck kombinerat med mekaniska gångjärn gör att strukturen kan packas ihop till en mindre volym. Utfällning av strukturen möjliggörs med en kombination av trycksättning och elastiskt lagrad energi från den påtvingade vikningen. Genom att variera laminatens egenskaper och geometri fås strukturella element som ger ett effektivt vikningsschema. Strukturen togs fram med hjälp av Solid Edge ST6 och plastskarvarna 3D-printades. Test av utfällningen har gjorts med delvis lyckade resultat. Problem och potentiella förbättringar har identifierats och rekommendationer ges för fortsatt utveckling av konceptet.
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Dickson, Lisa Ann. "The bloody house of life, visible economies and Shakespearean discourses of embodiment". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0003/NQ42841.pdf.
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Palacio, Sánchez Pablo. "Analysis of solutions for energy self-sufficiency of a single-family house using renewable energy". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-63615.
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Khan, Tareef Hayat. "Living with transformation a study of self-built houses in Dhaka /". Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40987711.
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Hynes, James William. "The role of andragogy and self-directed learning in the draft horse industry". Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3907.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study was to determine and understand the variables
affecting the revival of the draft horse industry in the United States. A qualitative study
was conducted using 31 purposively (Lincoln and Guba, 1985) selected draft horse
industry participants who were drawn from three case studies, conducted in East Texas,
Russia (Siberia), and Northern Indiana. Structured and semi-structured interviews were
utilized. Major findings emerged with this research showed that the culture of
practicality, inventiveness, and risk taking has allowed communities of individuals to
achieve financial success where others have been forced to abandon their businesses and
seek other sources of livelihood.
Some of the findings stood alone with no seeming connection to the other
findings. Other findings appeared to be intertwined with one another. All of the
emerging findings contributed to the renewal and engagement of individuals in the draft
horse industry revival. The findings are deliberately not listed in any particular order.
The scope of the study did not include a method to determine whichfinding or series of findings preceded the others. The major findings to emerge from this
study are as follows.
Most of the participants in the revival were or are middle aged men and women.
This finding melds well with another finding that determined the draft horse business
was the second, third, or fourth career of the participants in this study. Many of the
participants operate their businesses in rural non-farm locations. Owners and publishers
of trade magazines played a pivotal role in this industry revival.
Geography and international connections played a role. The Amish communities
across the U.S. played a pivotal role in keeping relic technologies alive and maintaining
seed stock for the revival of the draft breeds. Specific markets for horses and equipment
have been carved out by many of the participants. Self-directed learning and andragogy
were exhibited by almost all of the participants. The role of university and extension
personnel in this revival was essentially non-existent.
Libri sul tema "Sell a house"
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Robert, Irwin. Buy right, sell high. Chicago, IL: Real Estate Education Co., 1997.
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Faulkner, Kate. Buy, sell & move house. London: Which?, 2006.
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Faulkner, Kate. Buy, sell and move house. 4a ed. London: Which?, 2008.
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Faulkner, Kate. Buy, sell and move house. 2a ed. London: Which?, 2006.
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Faulkner, Kate. Buy, sell and move house. 3a ed. London: Which?, 2007.
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Books, Time-Life, a cura di. Fixing your house to sell. Alexandria, Va: Time-Life Books, 1989.
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Bly, Amy Sprecher. How to sell your house, condo, co-op. A cura di Bly Robert W e Consumer Reports Books. Yonkers, N.Y: Consumer Reports Books, 1993.
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Makower, Joel. How to buy a house ; How to sell a house. New York, NY: Perigee Books, 1990.
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Joel, Makower, a cura di. How to buy a house ; How to sell a house. New York, NY: Perigee Books, 1990.
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Ingram, Leah. Toss, keep, sell! Avon, Mass: Adams Media, 2010.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "Sell a house"
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Shan, Guohou, Dongsong Zhang, Lina Zhou e James Clavin. "How to Sell Your House for More?" In The Ecosystem of e-Business: Technologies, Stakeholders, and Connections, 91–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22784-5_9.
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Owen, Julian. "Building the House". In Self-build, 229–59. 2a ed. London: RIBA Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003231257-11.
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Cooper, Kody W. "Praying to One's Self, for One's Self: Frank's Ethics and Politics of Autoeroticism". In House of Cards and Philosophy, 207–18. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119092834.ch18.
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Zialcita, Fernando N. "Revisiting the Southeast Asian House: An Outlier’s Perspective". In Fieldwork and the Self, 231–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2438-4_12.
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Hackett, J. Edward. "Existential Freedom, Self-Interest, and Frank Underwood's Underhandedness". In House of Cards and Philosophy, 219–26. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119092834.ch19.
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de Holanda, Frederico. "Atrium-House: An Exercise in Self-Analysis". In The Urban Book Series, 217–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66460-2_11.
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Boccagni, Paolo, e Gabriel Echeverria. "Whose Homes? Approaching the Lived Experience of “Remittance Houses” from Within". In IMISCOE Research Series, 231–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23125-4_13.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThis chapter revisits the emerging literature on so-called remittance houses along conceptual, methodological and self-reflexive lines. Building on our visits and stays in migrant houses in Ecuador over the last fifteen years, we discuss what “entering home(s)” means and what it enables a researcher-as-guest to understand, whenever a house embodies migrants’ efforts to visibly improve their life conditions and prospects in their countries of origin. By comparing visits into five different household and migration arrangements, we discuss questions of hospitality, of (in)visibilization of the absent ones through material culture, and of family and housing obligations being negotiated in a dual – local and transnational – framework. In all these respects, being in makes a critical difference. It also reveals the existence of a fundamental parallel between the life course of migrant families and of their remittance houses. The latter are like a palimpsest to reconstruct the former. Furthermore, our fieldwork opens up to further issues and dilemmas, moving “out” of the houses and “beyond” them. These include the tension between migrant exceptionalism and non-migrant normality and autonomy, as well as the significance of what these houses “do” in any circumstances, to illustrate the promise of further comparative research into transnational housing and migration.
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"ABOUT TO SELL YOUR HOUSE". In The Volcano and After, 31. University of Pittsburgh Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1595ndt.21.
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Hoffman, Alexander Von. "The Quest To Save The Inner City: A Historical Perspective". In House by House, Block by Block, 7–18. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195144376.003.0002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract In the beginning, inner-city neighborhoods in the United States were not disaster areas, but vital parts of the cities to which they belonged. America’s great cities, perhaps excepting Washington, D.C., arose as places where goods were shipped, processed, and traded. With their accessible ocean harbors, east coast cities such as New York and Boston became great ports. Goods moved to and from Chicago via Lake Michigan and the Chicago River and later by rail. Atlanta, located not on a body of water but at the site of a railroad junction (one of its early names was Terminus), became a central trade depot for the South. Los Angeles at first used the Los Angeles River, then acquired an ocean port, railroads, and finally a highway network to become the dominant port of the Southwest. To finance, sell, and distribute the goods the port brought in, each city developed business districts whose main streets— Wall Street, State Street, Peachtree Street—became synonymous with finance and commerce. Along the water and near railroad depots entrepreneurs built factories to process the goods streaming in and out of the city. Industrial areas, such as the stockyard district in Chicago and the Alameda corridor in Los Angeles, became almost as famous as the downtown business districts. After all, the commercial and industrial businesses that grew out of the port trade were the lifeblood of the country’s lusty young urban centers.
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Jiménez-Marín, Gloria, e Rodrigo Elías Zambrano. "The Book Trailer as a Publishing House Promotional Tool". In Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage, 147–60. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3119-8.ch011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
When referring to the cultural industry, it can be said that literature is a product like any other, a product that can be sold. As such, publishing companies seek to make their products profitable. In order to sell books, physical books or e-books, publishing companies resort to marketing them as if they were any other product. The same concepts used to sell a car are used to sell a book, although the strategy and tactic does not have to be the same. In the continuous change and evolution that society undergoes, promotion techniques and, in particular, those related to literature, must be updated in order to overcome market fluctuations, changes in consumer behaviour and, in this same line, adapt to technologies. In this sense, marketing does not usually make distinctions in the type of products or services when selling them, treating them all as goods or services that can be sold and, therefore, applying the strategies of the four variables of the marketing mix.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Sell a house"
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Wilkinson, E., e R. Boehm. "Shading Analysis for a Zero Energy House". In ASME 2004 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2004-65017.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Las Vegas, Nevada, is one of the country’s most rapidly growing cities. To accommodate this growth, a great deal of home building takes place in Clark County, where the city is located. Builders can sell virtually as many houses as they can construct. All of these houses require utility services that, in general, have to be developed. These, of course, include water, electrical power and natural gas. With the high cooling loads required in this environment, the summer demand peaks for electricity are particularly severe. This paper represents a case study of the effects of shading for a planned zero energy home for the Southern Nevada area. The main emphasis of the research is placed on the methods of energy conservation for residential construction type housing and considers the advantages of the use of two different types of horizontal shading for the given geographical location. The technique employed for the analysis is a computer simulation package Energy 10 version 1.6. The software allows modeling and simulating of building performance based on the inputs such as geographical location, building type, orientation, construction materials used, and others. The model selected for this study is a single-family one story, 1610 ft2 residential house with north facing facade.
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Wilkinson, Elena, e Robert Boehm. "Zero Energy House for the Southern Nevada Area". In ASME 2005 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2005-76037.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Las Vegas, Nevada, is one of the country’s most rapidly growing cities. To accommodate this growth, a great deal of home building takes place in Clark County, where the city is located. Builders can sell virtually as many houses as they can construct. All of these houses require utility services that, in general, have to be developed. These, of course, include water, electrical power and natural gas. With the high cooling loads required in this environment, the summer demand peaks for electricity are particularly severe. The emphasis of this paper was placed on the energy conservation methods for a planned zero energy residential home for the Southern Nevada area, which would enable net zero electric energy consumption from the local utilities over a year period. Although also important, the cost outcome of the project was considered a secondary issue. The energy analysis was arranged in three principal parts: • Reduction of heating and cooling loads through implementation of sound envelope construction. • Use of highly energy efficient A/C, gas furnace, and lights. • Solar control and utilization. The computer simulation package Energy 10 version 1.6 is employed during the envelope, A/C, furnace and energy-efficient light analysis. The software allows modeling and simulating of a buildings performance based on inputs such as geographical location, building type, orientation, construction materials used and others. The model selected for this study is reflective of the local construction practices, is a single-family one story, 1,610 ft residential house with north facing fac¸ade and an attached two-car garage, which in this paper is called the “Base Case”. As a result of the energy analysis performed in this paper, the low-energy house (Modified Case) was created. The Modified Case has the identical orientation and floor plan. Implementation of the full spectrum of energy conserving features yielded a dramatic 105% saving on the annual electrical energy consumption by the Modified Case house when compared to the house built according to the local practices. In addition, the space heating and space cooling energy consumptions were reduced by 96% and 72% respectively. Details of the simulations and the final design details are given in the paper.
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Delgado, Ivan. "Unlearning Architecture(s)". In 2016 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2016.31.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Much of an architect´s training occurs by a process of elimination. We must unlearn many things to learn the new ones; in our particular Costa Rican educational context learning to produce correct architecture seems to start with the assumption that most of what we see in our cities is wrong. But when it comes to construction we move between two traditions: the academic one and the informal one. These traditions seem to dismiss each other, an architect would consider the products of informality ingenuous, a person operating within the informal tradition in need of the materialization of the preconceived idea of a house would normally consider an architecta luxury. According to the National Architectural College 23% of overall construction lacked permits in 2014, a percentage slightly higher than the previous year, this nevertheless renders only partial understanding the phenomenon. Which of the two traditions accounts for the majority of what is built in this country? What significant informal knowledge percolates to the present after a much longer presence than formal education and how is it transmitted? What role does representation play in the informal tradition ? are instructions drawn or narrated ?… How do architects unlearn what they do not understand in full? A house designed by the author in the rural North of Costa Rica functions as a catalyst for further investigation on how the upbringing of an architect collides with more traditional ways of building. In a village where, no other architect has practiced before the author discovers several categories of construction, from the temporary huts vendors use to sell fruits and milking parlors, to houses that have been built following traditional “recipes”. The house learns lessons of practicality from these structures and is informed by their aesthetics. It also employs the old“vara” (0.84 m) as the unit of measurement in an attempt to make itself communicable to local builders. In practice, due to the lack of skill for reading formal construction drawings, the instructions to build the house end up being narrated rather than read. This paper will study informal construction in Costa Rica which is symptomatic of Latin America in general particularly in rurality where it occurs the most. It will collect information from specific cases on how decisions where made and how they were transmitted, and will look for ways to hierarchize them in order to identify which are part of a basic set of instructions (or recipe, meaning there can be small creative variations of the ingredients) and which take place as more significant deviations from those instructions. It will also propose ways to convey the graphic implications of this information that is compatible with the inflections that occur in the orality of these particular context, and finally it will put forward a discussion on ways for an architect to learn from and operate within it, anticipating that our built environment takes shape as a trade-off between both traditions.
4
Lastiri Santiago, Mónica. "The Legal Challenges of the Metaverse: Business Trademarks". In Eighth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2022.357.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Metaverse is emerging as a hotbed for brand promotion as well as a platform for creating and using intellectual property rights including trademarks. The avatars (users) can create digital objects to sell to other users. Lenders and investors are seeking opportunities to capitalize on new Metaverse markets and digital assets as is the named NFT (not-fungible token) that is the unique data coding that can be visually represented by a digital asset, for example, a virtual handbag. Currently one of the real-world lawsuits involving trademarks and NFTs is the dispute between fashion house Hèrmes vs NFT creator Mason Rothschild. Hermès makes the exclusive line of Birkin handbags and Rothschild started selling NFTs in the form of digital images he named MetaBirkins which are the virtual reproduction of the Hèrmes product. Therefore, the fashion house filed a trademark claim for unauthorized use of their trademark and design. From the above-mentioned lawsuit raises a set of fascinating issues at the intersection of intellectual property law and digital technology. For instance, the unauthorized trademark use in Metaverse, but what, in our view, is the most important challenge is: Can you have a trademark right on an NFT? Trademark owners should be aware of the opportunities and challenges to their brand in virtual worlds. The possibilities for a Metaverse are currently limitless and the investments being made in new Metaverse-related technologies and platforms have grown enormously. Investors and companies are spending purchasing digital land in popular Metaverses to create virtual business spaces where consumers are sold goods, services, or entertainment.
5
Cosper, Christopher L. "Two Houses: Case Studies in Hubris and Stewardship". In 108th Annual Meeting Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.108.121.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In 2015 and 2016, two very different houses were torn down: Ray Bradbury’s house in the Cheviot Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles, and the Bavinger House, designed by Bruce Goff, outside Norman, Oklahoma. At first examination, these two houses had little in common: Ray Bradbury’s house dated from 1937 and was conventional for L.A. houses of its time, notable only for its bright yellow color—and its resident, a 20th century literary master. Meanwhile, the Bavinger House, built between 1951 and 1955, was known for its singular quality, arguably the masterpiece of a master architect. Despite the differences in the houses, the stories of their demolition have many overlapping qualities. Specifically, the destruction of these houses was the result of a lack of stewardship and an excess of hubris. In the case of the Bradbury House, the house was ultimately judged on its architectural merits alone, isolated from its notability as the residence of an important author and screenwriter. The final owners of the Bradbury House—who purchased the house with the explicit intent of demolishing it—showed utter contempt for the home’s cultural significance. In the case of the Bavinger House, the owner—who inherited the property—showed no regard for or understanding of the house’s architectural value. In both cases, significant heritage was lost because people acted as property owners, not cultural stewards. In neither case was the idea of an obligation to others paramount or, arguably, even present. Notably, the stories of the demolitions played out in the media, but perhaps more dramatically on social media, where premature obituaries of the Bavinger House may have helped seal its fate. In both cases, concerned citizens used social media to voice their desire that the houses be preserved, but in both cases, those citizens were ignored. More than just an interesting tale of two demolished houses, the stories of the Bradbury House and the Bavinger House provide case studies to explore aspects of collective memory, conservation, and stewardship.
6
Lin, YuanYao, I.-Hong Chen e Ray-Kuang Lee. "Few-cycle Self-Induced-Transparency Solitons". In Access Networks and In-house Communications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/anic.2011.jtub5.
Testo completo
7
El-Taher, A., S. V. Sergeyev, E. Turitsyna, P. Harper e S. K. Turitsyn. "Intermittent Self-Pulsing in a Fiber Raman Laser". In Access Networks and In-house Communications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/anic.2012.jm5a.43.
Testo completo
8
Veselov, A., A. Efimov, A. Chamorovskiy, O. Okhotnikov, A. Kosolapov, A. Levchenko, H. Lemmetyinen e N. Tkachenko. "Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) of Porphyrin Deposited inside Solid-core Photonic Crystal Fibre (SCPCF)". In Access Networks and In-house Communications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/anic.2011.jtub26.
Testo completo
9
Presi, Marco, Andrea Chiuchiarelli, Raffaele Corsini, Pallab Choudhury e Ernesto Ciaramella. "Uncooled operation of directly-modulated and polarization insensitive self-seeded Fabry-Peròt laser diodes". In Access Networks and In-house Communications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/anic.2012.aw4a.7.
Testo completo
10
Naik, Sonal, e Aarti Puthran. "Metro Cities House Price Prediction Using ML". In 2023 International Conference on Self Sustainable Artificial Intelligence Systems (ICSSAS). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icssas57918.2023.10331796.
Testo completoRapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Sell a house"
1
Adelino, Manuel, Antoinette Schoar e Felipe Severino. House Prices, Collateral and Self-Employment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, marzo 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18868.
Testo completo
2
Menon, Shantanu, Aruna Pandey e Kushagra Merchant. U&I: Nurturing Empathy for Effectiveness. Indian School Of Development Management, febbraio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.58178/2203.1001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
U&I is a volunteer-driven charitable organization based in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. It provides non-formal education to underprivileged children in 25 cities around India, through a network of over 2,300 volunteers. The case study engages with the ways in which conscious design can nurture structures, spaces and processes that enable the integration of an organization's mission and volunteer model with the leadership’s core principles of empathetic care and authentic relationships. It provides an opportunity for learners to reflect on how designing for empathy can produce tangible programmatic impact, develop in-house leadership and build a self-sustaining organizational culture and volunteer ecosystem.
3
Davidson, J. H., H. A. Walker e G. O. G. Loef. Development and improvement of self-pumping boiling collector solar hot water storage system, June 1987--May 1988, in Colorado State University Solar House 3. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), novembre 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7170941.
Testo completo
4
Lewan. PR-389-114503-R01 Leak Prevention in CO2 Pipeline Valves and Launches By Correct Seal Material Selection. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), settembre 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010086.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI) required guidelines for pipeline valve stem seals in CO2 rich applications such as for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and carbon capture and storage (CCS). In particular, guidance was needed to ascertain when standard O-rings may be used, when a switch to rapid gas decompression (RGD) resistant O-rings is recommended and when O-rings should be replaced by more robust energized lip seals and/or by more robust seal materials. The guidelines would interface with both NORSOK M 710 Rev. 3 and ISO 23936-2, and give specific details on procedures, steps and decisions that have to be taken when attempting to qualify seals for dense phase CO2 use. In order to develop these guidelines, two well established sealing compounds having proven RGD resistance were selected for study, along with two materials which were not known for their RGD resistance. RGD testing was performed on housed O-rings of each compound using 4 different gas compositions that cover an appropriate range of field conditions for CO2 applications.
5
Lewan. PR-389-114503-R02 Leak Prevention in CO2 Pipeline Valves and Launches by Correct Seal Material Selection. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), marzo 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010537.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
PRCI required guidelines for pipeline valve stem seals in CO2 rich applications such as for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and carbon capture and storage (CCS). In particular, guidance was needed to ascertain when standard O-rings may be used, when a switch to rapid gas decompression (RGD) resistant O-rings is recommended and when O-rings should be replaced by more robust energized lip seals and/or by more robust seal materials. The guidelines would interface with both NORSOK M 710 Rev. 3 and ISO 23936-2, and give specific details on procedures, steps and decisions that have to be taken when attempting to qualify seals for dense phase CO2 use. In order to develop these guidelines, well established sealing compounds having proven RGD resistance were selected for study, along with materials which were not known for their RGD resistance. RGD testing was performed on housed O-rings of each compound using CO2 rich applications. The previous Phase I of the project was carried out with a decompression rate of 20 bar/min over 8 RGD cycles. In this Phase II of the project more severe 70 and 127 bar/min rates were used. Also for the 20 bar/min rates the number of RGD cycles was increased to 50 to see how robust the seal materials could be.
6
Menuz, Diane, e Rebekah Downard. Opportunity for Improved Wetland Mitigation in Utah - In-Lieu Fee Mitigation Potential in Utah. Utah Geological Survey, settembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ofr-756.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Wetlands play a crucial role in watersheds and provide critical ecosystem functions, most notably, water quality improvement, fish and wildlife habitat, flood attenuation, drought mitigation, and carbon sequestration. Wetlands in Utah are regulated primarily by the federal government under the Clean Water Act (CWA), which requires mitigation to replace ecological services that are lost to permitted activities. Utah House Bill 118 (2022) directed the Utah Geological Survey to explore the potential for an In-Lieu Fee (ILF) mitigation program to improve wetland resources in Utah. An ILF program would allow entities seeking CWA permits to pay a fee to mitigate impacts to streams and wetlands rather than having to develop their own mitigation plans. To research the possible consequences of an ILF, we conducted document research and interviews with mitigation practitioners and wetland stakeholders and analyzed ten years of permit data. Interview participants agreed that an ILF would improve the quality of wetland mitigation projects, which currently are often small, isolated, and overrun with weeds. An ILF would also improve coordination between the various entities involved in natural resource protection, permitting, and restoration. Further, permittees would benefit from an ILF because it would streamline the permitting process. Research and input from current practitioners showcased that there were many options for running an ILF program that can work for Utah, which has few permitted wetland impacts compared to other, less arid states. The most effective way to build an ILF in Utah is to support a full-time ILF administrator to establish the program and develop and maintain strong relationships with regulators, restoration specialists, and those seeking permits. Based on historical permit rates, such a position could be funded by program fees after the program is established. The future of a self-sustaining ILF program is uncertain, however, due to the recent Sackett v. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Supreme Court decision which limited the types of wetlands that are regulated by the federal government. The expected reduction in wetland permitting creates a more challenging environment in which to operate an ILF program because permit fees will likely no longer support a full-time ILF administrator’s salary. At the same time, ensuring high quality mitigation will be more important than ever because there will be more unpermitted and thus unmitigated wetland impacts, leading to loss in ecological functions. Given these considerations, we recommend establishing a position for a wetland mitigation and restoration coordinator who can explore multiple options to preserve and restore wetlands in Utah, coordinate among agencies, and begin to implement an ILF program at a rate and scale appropriate to the new regulatory conditions. By investing in a wetland mitigation and restoration coordinator, the state can support voluntary restoration measures to increase wetland functions while at the same time improving mitigation outcomes for permittees and projects. Together, these actions will lead to healthier, more resilient wetlands that will protect the quality of life for all Utahns.
7
Jury, William A., e David Russo. Characterization of Field-Scale Solute Transport in Spatially Variable Unsaturated Field Soils. United States Department of Agriculture, gennaio 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568772.bard.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This report describes activity conducted in several lines of research associated with field-scale water and solute processes. A major effort was put forth developing a stochastic continuum analysis for an important class of problems involving flow of reactive and non reactive chemicals under steady unsaturated flow. The field-scale velocity covariance tensor has been derived from local soil properties and their variability, producing a large-scale description of the medium that embodies all of the local variability in a statistical sense. Special cases of anisotropic medium properties not aligned along the flow direction of spatially variable solute sorption were analysed in detail, revealing a dependence of solute spreading on subtle features of the variability of the medium, such as cross-correlations between sorption and conductivity. A novel method was developed and tested for measuring hydraulic conductivity at the scale of observation through the interpretation of a solute transport outflow curve as a stochastic-convective process. This undertaking provided a host of new K(q) relationships for existing solute experiments and also laid the foundation for future work developing a self-consistent description of flow and transport under these conditions. Numerical codes were developed for calculating K(q) functions for a variety of solute pulse outflow shapes, including lognormal, Fickian, Mobile-Immobile water, and bimodal. Testing of this new approach against conventional methodology was mixed, and agreed most closely when the assumptions of the new method were met. We conclude that this procedure offers a valuable alternative to conventional methods of measuring K(q), particularly when the application of the method is at a scale (e.g. and agricultural field) that is large compared to the common scale at which conventional K(q) devices operate. The same problem was approached from a numerical perspective, by studying the feasibility of inverting a solute outflow signal to yield the hydraulic parameters of the medium that housed the experiment. We found that the inverse problem was solvable under certain conditions, depending on the amount of noise in the signal and the degree of heterogeneity in the medium. A realistic three dimensional model of transient water and solute movement in a heterogeneous medium that contains plant roots was developed and tested. The approach taken was to generate a single realization of this complex flow event, and examine the results to see whether features were present that might be overlooked in less sophisticated model efforts. One such feature revealed is transverse dispersion, which is a critically important component in the development of macrodispersion in the longitudinal direction. The lateral mixing that was observed greatly exceeded that predicted from simpler approaches, suggesting that at least part of the important physics of the mixing process is embedded in the complexity of three dimensional flow. Another important finding was the observation that variability can produce a pseudo-kinetic behavior for solute adsorption, even when the local models used are equilibrium.
8
Tapia, Carlos, Nora Sanchez Gassen e Anna Lundgren. In all fairness: perceptions of climate policies and the green transition in the Nordic Region. Nordregio, maggio 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2023:5.1403-2503.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The survey presented in this report reveals that Nordic citizens are concerned about climate change. Many people are willing to increase efforts to fight climate change, even if this entails a personal contribution in terms of higher taxes or behavioural change. The survey shows that different social groups perceive the impacts of climate change and climate mitigation policies in different ways. In general, attitudes towards climate policies and perceptions regarding their fairness are conditioned by socio-demographic factors such as gender, age, employment status, type of housing and transport behaviour. General attitudes towards climate change and climate policies The first part of this report explores general attitudes towards climate change and climate policies. This section shows that seven in ten (71%) respondents think that climate change is a serious or very serious problem, particularly among the youngest age group (18-29 years). Three in four (74%) interviewed persons in this group share this view. Those with a university degree are more concerned about climate change (83%) than those with primary or secondary education (57% and 62%, respectively). Approximately half (48-51%) of respondents in all age groups agree that more financial resources should be invested in preventing climate change, even if this would imply an increase in taxes. The survey results show that women in the Nordic Region are more concerned about climate change than men (79% compared to 64%). It also reveals that people living in urban areas are more worried about climate change (82%) than those who live in towns and suburbs (68%) or in rural areas (62%). Urban dwellers are also more positive about investing more resources in preventing climate change (59%) than those who live in rural areas (39%) and in towns and suburbs (46%). More than half of the respondents (52%) agree that taking further action on climate change would be beneficial for the economy. Students, unemployed and retired people are more likely to agree with this view (55%, 57% and 55%, respectively) than those currently in employment, including the self-employed (50%). Those employed in carbon-intensive sectors are less positive about the expected economic impact of climate policies than those who work in other economic sectors (41% compared to 55%). They are also more concerned about the risk of job losses during the transition to a low-carbon economy than those employed in sectors with lower carbon intensity (37% compared to 24%). Concerns about this issue are also higher among those who live in rural areas (31%) or towns and suburbs (30%) compared to those who live in cities (22%). Present and future effects of climate change mitigation policies on individuals and households The central part of the survey explores perceptions regarding the present and future impacts of climate policies. Such challenges are perceived differently depending on specific sociodemographic conditions. Nearly one fourth (23%) of respondents state that high energy costs mean they are struggling to keep their homes at a comfortable temperature. Those living in houses report being more impacted (27%) than those living in apartments (18%), and those using fossil fuels to heat their homes are most affected (44%). The risk of energy poverty is also higher among non-EU immigrants to the Nordic Region. Those who say they are struggling to keep their homes at a comfortable temperature range from 23% among Nordic-born citizens to 37% among non-EU immigrants. Nearly three in ten respondents (28%) have modified their transportation behaviour during the last year due to high fuel costs. This proportion is substantially greater among those living in towns and suburbs (32%) compared to those who live in rural areas (29%) or cities (23%). The majority of the Nordic population (52%) states that current climate policies have a neutral effect on their household economies. However, 28% of respondents say they are negatively impacted by climate policies in economic terms. Men report being negatively affected more frequently than women (33% vs 22%, respectively). People who live in houses are more likely to claim they are being negatively impacted than people who live in apartments (31% and 23%, respectively). Nearly half (45%) of the respondents in the Nordic Region agree that climate initiatives will improve health and well-being, and half of the respondents (50%) think that climate change initiatives will lead to more sustainable lifestyles in their area. However, half (51%) of the Nordic population expect to see increases in prices and the cost of living as a consequence of climate policies, and those who believe that climate policies will create jobs and improve working conditions in the areas where they live (31% and 24%, respectively) are outnumbered by those who believe the opposite (35% and 34%, respectively). Fairness of climate policies The last section of the report looks at how the Nordic people perceive the fairness of climate policies in distributional terms. In the survey, the respondents were asked to judge to what extent they agree or disagree that everyone in their country or territory is equally affected by initiatives to fight climate change regardless of personal earnings, gender, age, country of origin and where they live – cities or rural areas. The results show that the Nordic people believe climate change initiatives affect citizens in different ways depending on their demographic, socioeconomic and territorial backgrounds. More than half of the respondents (56%) disagree that everyone is equally affected by initiatives to fight climate change regardless of earnings. Only 22% agree with this statement. Younger age groups are more pessimistic than older age groups on this point (66% in the 18-29 age group compared to 41% in the 65+ group). Almost half of respondents (48%) agree that climate policies are fair from a gender perspective, while 25% disagree with this statement and 23% are neutral. Roughly one in three (30%) respondents in the Nordic Region agree that people are equally affected by climate change initiatives regardless of age, 41% disagree with this statement and 25% are neutral. More than one third (35%) of the Nordic population agree that everyone is equally affected by initiatives to fight climate change regardless of the country of origin, while 34% of them disagree. More than half of respondents (56%) think that the impact of climate initiatives differs between rural and urban areas, while only 22% think that all areas are equally affected. Respondents who live in cities are more likely to respond that climate policy impacts differ between rural and urban areas (60%) than respondents who live in rural areas (55%) and towns and suburbs (53%). One third (33%) of respondents in the survey think that the Sámi population is affected by climate change initiatives to the same extent as the rest of the population. In Greenland, a majority of the population (62%) agrees that the indigenous population in Greenland is equally affected by measures to combat climate change. The results from this survey conducted in the autumn of 2022, show that the population in the Nordic Region perceive the impacts of climate mitigation policies in different ways. These results can raise awareness and stimulate debate about the implementation of climate mitigation policies for a just green transition.
9
Payment Systems Report - June of 2021. Banco de la República, febbraio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2021.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Banco de la República provides a comprehensive overview of Colombia’s finan¬cial infrastructure in its Payment Systems Report, which is an important product of the work it does to oversee that infrastructure. The figures published in this edition of the report are for the year 2020, a pandemic period in which the con¬tainment measures designed and adopted to alleviate the strain on the health system led to a sharp reduction in economic activity and consumption in Colom¬bia, as was the case in most countries. At the start of the pandemic, the Board of Directors of Banco de la República adopted decisions that were necessary to supply the market with ample liquid¬ity in pesos and US dollars to guarantee market stability, protect the payment system and preserve the supply of credit. The pronounced growth in mone¬tary aggregates reflected an increased preference for liquidity, which Banco de la República addressed at the right time. These decisions were implemented through operations that were cleared and settled via the financial infrastructure. The second section of this report, following the introduction, offers an analysis of how the various financial infrastructures in Colombia have evolved and per¬formed. One of the highlights is the large-value payment system (CUD), which registered more momentum in 2020 than during the previous year, mainly be¬cause of an increase in average daily remunerated deposits made with Banco de la República by the General Directorate of Public Credit and the National Treasury (DGCPTN), as well as more activity in the sell/buy-back market with sovereign debt. Consequently, with more activity in the CUD, the Central Securi¬ties Depository (DCV) experienced an added impetus sparked by an increase in the money market for bonds and securities placed on the primary market by the national government. The value of operations cleared and settled through the Colombian Central Counterparty (CRCC) continues to grow, propelled largely by peso/dollar non-deliverable forward (NDF) contracts. With respect to the CRCC, it is important to note this clearing house has been in charge of managing risks and clearing and settling operations in the peso/dollar spot market since the end of last year, following its merger with the Foreign Exchange Clearing House of Colombia (CCDC). Since the final quarter of 2020, the CRCC has also been re¬sponsible for clearing and settlement in the equities market, which was former¬ly done by the Colombian Stock Exchange (BVC). The third section of this report provides an all-inclusive view of payments in the market for goods and services; namely, transactions carried out by members of the public and non-financial institutions. During the pandemic, inter- and intra-bank electronic funds transfers, which originate mostly with companies, increased in both the number and value of transactions with respect to 2019. However, debit and credit card payments, which are made largely by private citizens, declined compared to 2019. The incidence of payment by check contin¬ue to drop, exhibiting quite a pronounced downward trend during the past last year. To supplement to the information on electronic funds transfers, section three includes a segment (Box 4) characterizing the population with savings and checking accounts, based on data from a survey by Banco de la República con-cerning the perception of the use of payment instruments in 2019. There also is segment (Box 2) on the growth in transactions with a mobile wallet provided by a company specialized in electronic deposits and payments (Sedpe). It shows the number of users and the value of their transactions have increased since the wallet was introduced in late 2017, particularly during the pandemic. In addition, there is a diagnosis of the effects of the pandemic on the payment patterns of the population, based on data related to the use of cash in circu¬lation, payments with electronic instruments, and consumption and consumer confidence. The conclusion is that the collapse in the consumer confidence in¬dex and the drop in private consumption led to changes in the public’s pay¬ment patterns. Credit and debit card purchases were down, while payments for goods and services through electronic funds transfers increased. These findings, coupled with the considerable increase in cash in circulation, might indicate a possible precautionary cash hoarding by individuals and more use of cash as a payment instrument. There is also a segment (in Focus 3) on the major changes introduced in regulations on the retail-value payment system in Colombia, as provided for in Decree 1692 of December 2020. The fourth section of this report refers to the important innovations and tech¬nological changes that have occurred in the retail-value payment system. Four themes are highlighted in this respect. The first is a key point in building the financial infrastructure for instant payments. It involves of the design and im¬plementation of overlay schemes, a technological development that allows the various participants in the payment chain to communicate openly. The result is a high degree of interoperability among the different payment service providers. The second topic explores developments in the international debate on central bank digital currency (CBDC). The purpose is to understand how it could impact the retail-value payment system and the use of cash if it were to be issued. The third topic is related to new forms of payment initiation, such as QR codes, bio¬metrics or near field communication (NFC) technology. These seemingly small changes can have a major impact on the user’s experience with the retail-value payment system. The fourth theme is the growth in payments via mobile tele¬phone and the internet. The report ends in section five with a review of two papers on applied research done at Banco de la República in 2020. The first analyzes the extent of the CRCC’s capital, acknowledging the relevant role this infrastructure has acquired in pro¬viding clearing and settlement services for various financial markets in Colom¬bia. The capital requirements defined for central counterparties in some jurisdic¬tions are explored, and the risks to be hedged are identified from the standpoint of the service these type of institutions offer to the market and those associated with their corporate activity. The CRCC’s capital levels are analyzed in light of what has been observed in the European Union’s regulations, and the conclusion is that the CRCC has a scheme of security rings very similar to those applied internationally and the extent of its capital exceeds what is stipulated in Colombian regulations, being sufficient to hedge other risks. The second study presents an algorithm used to identify and quantify the liquidity sources that CUD’s participants use under normal conditions to meet their daily obligations in the local financial market. This algorithm can be used as a tool to monitor intraday liquidity. Leonardo Villar Gómez Governor