Bibliografie tematiche / Seed yield and quality

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Seed yield and quality"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 1 giugno 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Seed yield and quality":

Taylor, Alan G. "Onion Seed Quality". HortScience 40, n. 4 (luglio 2005): 1141A—1141. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1141a.

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High seed quality is required to obtain optimal plant stands and to achieve maximum yield potential. Onion seeds are commonly coated and treated with an insecticide and fungicide to control early season insects and diseases. The seed treatments may cause phytotoxicity in standard germination tests, and thus reduce the percent germination of a seed lot. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of seed quality on seed storage, stand establishment and yield. Two seed lots of two long-day onion varieties were pelleted and treated with the seed treatments Trigard and Pro-Gro. Standard germination and saturated salt aging tests were performed on each seed lot, indicating a high and lower quality seed lot for each variety. Aging was conducted by equilibrating pelleted seeds at 35% relative humidity and aging at 25 °C for up to 12 months. Aging decreased germination with time, especially for the lower quality lots. Field studies were conducted in two locations in upstate New York. The plant stand was greater in the high compared to the lower quality lots in both varieties at both locations. Yield was reduced in the lower quality than high quality lot; however, the response differed by variety and location. Overall, the initial seed quality had an impact on seed storagability, stand establishment and yield.

Raymond, Michael A., Jeffrey C. Stark e Glen A. Murray. "Irrigation Management Effects on Spring Pea Seed Yield and Quality". HortScience 22, n. 6 (dicembre 1987): 1262–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.22.6.1262.

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Abstract Seed yield and quality of four spring pea cultivars (Pisum sativum L.) were evaluated when subjected to deficient, optimal, and excessive irrigation levels. Irrigation at 100% of the estimated optimal irrigation amount (IR) resulted in the greatest seed yields, whereas irrigation at 60% or 140% IR reduced yields by 468 and 222 kg·ha−1, respectively. Yield reductions for individual cultivars were as large as 694 and 350 kg·ha−1 for deficient and excessive irrigation, respectively. Increased yields for the 100% IR treatment resulted from increases in pods per plant and seeds per pod. Irrigation at 140% IR reduced germination of pea seed by 5% to 13%. Deficient irrigation reduced seed yield more than did excessive irrigation, whereas excessive irrigation caused the greatest reduction of seed quality.

ABLETT, GARY. "EFFECT OF SEEDING RATE AND HARVEST METHOD ON AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF WHITE BEAN". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68, n. 3 (1 luglio 1988): 801–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps88-094.

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Kentwood white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was sown at three seeding rates in narrow rows for 4 yr With direct-harvesting, yields increased as seeding rates increased up to 64 seeds m−2, whereas, with hand-harvesting seed yield was not affected. Seed quality was superior in the direct-harvested plots; however, yield was lower. Seed size was not affected.Key words: White bean, narrow-row, yield, seed quality

LYKHOCHVOR, Andriy. "YIELD AND SEED QUALITY OF SPRING OILSEED CROPS". Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica 336, n. 43 (30 settembre 2017): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/aapz2017.43.3.09.

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Nerson, Haim. "Relationship Between Plant Density and Fruit and Seed Production in Muskmelon". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 127, n. 5 (settembre 2002): 855–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.127.5.855.

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Field experiments were conducted in 1996 and 1997 to examine the effects of plant density on yield and quality of fruit and seeds of muskmelons (Cucumis melo L.). Two open-pollinated cultivars, Noy Yizre'el (Ha'Ogen type) and TopMark (western U.S. shipper type), were grown at plant densities ranging from 0.5 to 16.0 plants/m2 under commercial conditions. The highest marketable fruit yields were achieved with plant densities of 2 to 4 plants/m2. In contrast, the highest seed yields were obtained at 8 to 12 plants/m2. Seed yield index [seed yield (g)/fruit yield (kg)] was used as a parameter to define seed production efficiency. High seed yield was closely related to high value of the seed yield index. High seed yield indexes resulted from high plant densities (up to 12 plants/m2), at which the crops produced many, but relatively small fruit. In all cases, the seed yield per fruit (seed number and seed size) increased with increasing fruit weight. However, the sum of the seed yield of two small fruit was always greater than the seed yield of one, double-sized fruit. There was a clear exception with extremely small fruit (<500 g), which produced both low seed yields and poor seed quality. A positive relationship was found between fruit size and seed size in both cultivars. Nevertheless, relatively small seeds (25 to 30 mg) extracted from relatively small fruit (500 to 1000 g) showed the best performance in terms of germination and emergence percentages and rates, and in the vegetative development vigor of the seedlings.

Stramkale, Veneranda, Aldis Stramkalis, Ļubova Komlajeva, Māra Selecka, Māra Vikmane e Arturs Stalažs. "EVALUATION OF LATVIAN FLAX VARIETIES BY SEED YIELD AND QUALITY". Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (3 agosto 2015): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2009vol1.1116.

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Flax cultures give dual-purpose production – flax fibre and seeds. Flax varieties adapted to local climate conditions have breeded but up to now the profound research of its quality was not carried out. In our investigation we analysed flax varieties of Latvia selection for seed yield and quality in comparison with standard varieties ‘Vega 2’ and ‘Lirina’. In Latgale Agricultural Scientific Centre 10 Latvian flax varieties are cultivated and seed yield, 1000-seed weight, seed oil content (extracted by hot pressing method) and fatty acid content in flax seed oil (detected with gas chromatography method) have evaluated. Seed yields of fibre flax Latvian varieties are significantly higher in comparison with standard variety ‘Vega’. All analysed seed samples have high oil content (27- 47%) and there is high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids in oil (linoleic acid 10,6-16,9%, linolenic acid 54,7-62,1%). There is little difference in 1000-seed weight, content of oil in seeds, percentage of linoleic, linolenic, oleic, palmitic and stearic acid in oil between fibre flax and oil seed flax varieties. The difference between the varieties is more influential. Flaxes seeds from Latvian varieties are in high quality and can be used for food, medical and technical purposes.

Lee*, Sung Eun, Sang Gyu Lee e Chiwon W. Lee. "Plant Density Affects Yield and Quality of Confectionery Pumpkin Seeds". HortScience 39, n. 4 (luglio 2004): 802C—802. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.802c.

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The influence of plant density on yield of three confectionery seed pumpkin accessions was investigated under non-irrigated field conditions. Seeds of Golden Delicious (GD), open-pollinated Chinese snow-white seed (CS), and a selection from Austrian hull-less (HL) pumpkin were planted 30, 60, and 90 cm apart in rows that were 127 cm apart with seedlings thinned to one plant per hill. Plants were grown from 23 May to 18 Sept. One fruit per plant was harvested from five plants for each of the three replications. The number of seeds (and dry weight of seed) per fruit were 242 (59 g), 304 (87 g), and 334 (106 g), respectively, at 30, 60, and 90 cm spacing for GD. The number of seeds (and dry weight of seed) per fruit were 219 (108 g), 266 (108 g), and 258 (106 g), respectively, at 30, 60, and 90 cm spacing for CS. The number of seeds (and dry weight of seed) per fruit were 376 (76 g), 404 (94 g), and 304 (82 g), respectively, at 30, 60, and 90 cm spacing for HL. Highest seed yield was at 60 cm plant spacing for CS and HL, whereas GD produced highest seed yield at 90 cm plant spacing. The differences in total seed yield, seed size, and confectionery seed quality, as influenced by plant density and seed source, were also characterized.

Kano, Cristiaini, Antonio Ismael Inácio Cardoso e Roberto L. Villas Bôas. "Phosphorus rates on yield and quality of lettuce seeds". Horticultura Brasileira 30, n. 4 (dicembre 2012): 695–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-05362012000400021.

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Because of lack of information about phosphorus fertilization in lettuce from the standpoint of seed production, this study was undertaken. The work was carried out in Botucatu, São Paulo state, Brazil, from September 25, 2003 to February 19, 2004, in order to study the influence of crescents phosphorus rates on yield and quality of lettuce seeds, cultivar Verônica. The experimental design was randomized blocks with five treatments (0; 200; 400; 600 and 800 kg ha-1 of P2O5) and five replications. The following characteristics were evaluated: seed production per plant (g plant-1), number of seeds per plant and quality (percentage of germination and seed vigor). A linear increasing was observed on production and number of seeds per plant of lettuce with phosphorus rates, but these rates did not affect the seed physiological quality evaluated on weight of 1,000 seeds (average = 0.91 g), first count of germination (98%), standard germination test (99%), seed germination speed index (68.5), seedling emergence speed index (97.0) and emerged seedlings (49.3%).

AJAY GUPTA, VlNOD KUMAR SHARMA, G.D. SHARMA e PANKAJ CHOPRA. "Effect of biofertilizer and phosphorus levels on yield attributes, yield and quality of urdbean (Vigna mungo)". Indian Journal of Agronomy 51, n. 2 (10 ottobre 2001): 142–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v51i2.4992.

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A field investigation was conducted at farmer's field during the rainy seasons of 2000 and 2001 to study the effect of bio-fertilizer inoculation and phosphorus fertilization on yield and quality of the cultivars of urdbean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] 'UG 218' urdbean produced significantly higher podslplants, 1,000-seed weight, seed yield as well as straw yield over other 2 varieties. However, the protein content was higher in the seeds of 'Type 9'. The practice of seed inoculation with phosphorus-solubilising bacteria showed a significant increase in seed yield and its attributes as well as protein content and N and P uptake over uninoculated treatment. Re- sponse of crop to phosphorus fertilization was significant up to 60 kg P,Odha for seed and straw yields. Phos- phorus application also resulted in significant increase in seed protein content and N and P uptake in seed and straw.

Brkić, S., Z. Milaković, A. Kristek e M. Antunović. "Pea yield and its quality depending on inoculation, nitrogen and molybdenum fertilization". Plant, Soil and Environment 50, No. 1 (20 novembre 2011): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3640-pse.

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The influence of seed inoculation with a bio-preparation of nodule bacteria Rhizobium leguminosarum, fertilization of 0, 40, 80, 120 kg N/ha and molybdenum topdressing on the yield of green mass, dry matter, seed, average number of pods per plant, average number of seeds per pod, average nodule number per plant, nodule dry weight as well as plant and seed protein concentration were studied during the two years of investigations on two soils – Mollic Gleysols and Eutric Cambisols. The highest values of all investigated parameters were obtained in the inoculated seed variants with molybdenum application, except the average nodule number per plant where the highest values were achieved in variants without molybdenum. The effect of nitrogen fertilization depended on the soil type, i.e. its chemical properties. The largest number of the investigated parameters obtained the highest values as a result of fertilization with 40 kg N/ha on Mollic Gleysols (3.96% humus). Thus, seed yield was 4.02 t/ha, nodule dry matter 0.482 g per plant whereas seed protein concentration was 26.91%. The largest number of the investigated parameters on Eutric Cambisols (1.07% humus) obtained the highest values with fertilization of 80 kg N/ha where seed yield amounted to 3.65 t/ha, nodule dry matter 0.456 g per plant while seed protein concentration was 26.48%.

Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Seed yield and quality":

Kittock, David L., Wallace C. Hofmann, B. Brooks Taylor, Peter T. Else, Joel Malcuit e Carl Michaud. "Emergence and Yield from High and Low Quality Upland Cotton Seed". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204030.

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Kittock, D. L., W. C. Hofmann, J. Malcuit, P. Else e C. Michaud. "Emergence and Yield from High and Low Quality Upland Cotton Seed". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219704.

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The 1985 and 1986 Cotton Reports have the same publication and P-Series numbers.
Low quality Deltapine (DP) 41 seed had lower germination, lower cold test germination, reduced stand, and reduced lint yield in four tests in Arizona in 1985.

Rethwisch, Michael D., e Steven McGuire. "Effects of Dry Seed+ Applied at Planting on Alfalfa Yield and Quality". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202448.

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This experiment tested the effects of a cytokinin containing product (Dry Seed +) on CUF 101 alfalfa when applied with the seed at planting on October 24, 1996, at the rate of 1 /lb product to 100 lb of alfalfa seed. Data indicated a non - statistical yield response averaging 200 lbs an acrefrom treated fields the first cutting, valued at $11 /acre, but yields were identical the second harvest. Alfalfa quality means were very similar for both harvests. A positive net return of $9.76 /acre was noted by using Dry Seed +. More testing is suggested to confirm these findings.

Hadavizadeh, Alireza. "The effect of mother plant nutrition on seed yield, quality and vigour in peas (Pisum sativum)". Thesis, University of Bath, 1986. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233622.

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Husman, S. H., W. B. McCloskey, T. Teegerstrom, P. Clay, R. Norton e K. White. "Yield, Quality, and Economic Comparison of Single and Double Seed Line Per Bed Cotton Production". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/197719.

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Three experiments were conducted in Maricopa, Marana, and Glendale, Arizona in 2001 to measure cotton growth, yield, micronaire, and production costs in single and double seed line per bed systems on 32 and 40 inch beds. Canopy development was faster and canopy closure was greater in the double seed line than in the single seed line systems and was greater in the 32 inch than in the 40 inch row systems. At Maricopa, the single line 32 inch system yield of 1571 lbs./A was significantly greater than the yields of the other seed line/row spacing systems. The yields of the single line 40 and the double line 32 inch systems were not significantly different at 1476 and 1411 lbs. of lint/A, respectively, and the yields of the double line 32 and the double line 40 inch systems also were not significantly different at 1411 and 1396 lbs. of lint/A, respectively. There were no significant lint yield differences at the Marana or Glendale location. At Marana, the lint yields were 1063 and 1066 lbs./A for the single and double seed line 40 inch row spacing systems, respectively. At Glendale, the single and double seed line 38 inch row spacing systems yielded 1474 and 1551 lbs. of lint/A, respectively. In all 2001 experiments, there was a trend for reduced micronaire in the double seed line per bed systems compared to the single seed line per bed systems. At Maricopa, the average micronaire was 5.0 and 4.7 for the single and double seed line per bed 32 inch row system, respectively, and 5.2 and 4.9 for the single and double seed line per bed 40 inch row systems, respectively. At Marana, the micronaire was 4.7 and 4.5 for the single and double seed line per bed 40 inch row systems, respectively. At Glendale, the micronaire was 5.1 and 4.6 for the single and double seed line per bed 38 inch row systems, respectively. Production costs were similar for the single and double seed line per bed systems. Additional research will be conducted in 2002 to determine the optimum plant populations and in-row plant spacings for double seed line per bed production systems.

Ghassemi-Golezani, Kazem. "The effects of seed quality on cereal yields". Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306481.

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Hofmann, Wallace C., e David L. Kittock. "The Effect of Low Quality Seed on Lint Yields". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219730.

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The 1985 and 1986 Cotton Reports have the same publication and P-Series numbers.
Comparison of 23 low quality upland cotton seed lots with high quality lots in 19 tests over 4 years showed consistent lint yield reduction from low quality seed. The low quality seed lots produced an average of 226 pounds less lint/acre than high quality seed. At $0.60/pound of lint that is $135.37/acre. By analysis of covariance, which adjusted lint yield for equal stand, poor stand explained 162 pounds of lint loss ($97.20/acre) and apparent reduced seedling vigor accounted for 64 pounds of lint loss or $38.16/acre.

Bianchetti, Grégoire. "Impacts de stress biotique et abiotique sur l’acquisition de la qualité nutritionnelle et physiologique de la graine de colza (Brassica napus L.)". Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NSARB250.

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L’acquisition de la qualité de la graine est un processus contrôlé par l’expression de nombreux acteurs moléculaires et métaboliques interconnectés et modulés par l’environnement. Les modélisations climatiques actuelles prévoient l’augmentation des contraintes environnementales multiples et combinées sur les cultures, dont les effets complexes s’avèrent généralement peu prédictibles. Une meilleure compréhension de ces impacts sur le développement des graines représente un levier pertinent pour l’augmentation de la résilience environnementale des productions agricoles. Le travail de thèse s’est inscrit dans cette thématique scientifique et a cherché à répondre à la question suivante : quels sont les impacts d’une combinaison de stress biotique et abiotique sur l’élaboration du rendement et l’acquisition de la qualité de la graine de colza ?Pour y répondre, deux génotypes de colza ont été cultivés au sein d’un large dispositif expérimental et exposés à une combinaison de stress majeurs pour cette culture que sont le déficit hydrique et la hernie des crucifères, causée par le pathogène Plasmodiophora brassicae. Des impacts du déficit hydrique sur les plantes et la qualité des graines matures ont été identifiés. Par la suite, des données RNAseq, métaboliques et physiologiques ont permis de caractériser le programme transcriptionnel développemental des graines de colza et d’identifier des modulations spécifiques d’un stress ou de leur combinaison sur la transcription des gènes et l’acquisition de la qualité de graine en développement. Les corrélations entre ces modulations et leurs perspectives agronomiques sont discutées
Seed quality acquisition is an environmental moduled process that is finely controlled by the expression of many interconnected molecular and metabolic actors. Current climate projections predict that crops will be exposed to an increase of multiple and combined environmental constraints, leading to complex and generally non-deductible impacts. A better knowledge of these impacts on seed development, still poorly studied, appears thus as a relevant lever to enhance environmental resilience of agricultural productions. This thesis work is part of this scientific theme and sought to answer the following question: what are the impacts of a combination of biotic and abiotic stress on the yield elaboration and seed quality acquisition of the rapeseed?To answer this question, two rapeseed genotypes were grown in a large experimental device and subjected to a combination of stresses that are major for this crop, the water deficit and clubroot, caused by the pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae. Signature impacts of water deficit on plants and mature seed quality have been identified using physiological and metabolic data, as well as germination kinetics. Subsequently, RNAseq, metabolic and physiological data, were used for the characterization of the rapeseed transcritional developing seed gene transcrotions and quality acquisition. The correlations between these modulations and their agronomic perspectives are discussed

Bilbe, Sara Ann. "The relationship between soybean (Glycine Max (L.) Merrill) seed quality and the response to molybdenum seed treatment". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52010.

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Thesis (MScAgric.)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Experi!11entsin KwaZulu-Natal showed that seed treatment with molybdenum (Mo) could double the yield and increase the protein content by 1.9% of soybeans grown on acidic soils. However, it was also found that soybean yield at five of the localities was reduced on average by 8% after Mo seed treatment. It was surmised that the yield reductions observed after Mo seed treatment were connected to the quality of the seed used for planting. The aim of this project was to assess the relationship between seed quality and Mo seed treatment and find a fast, easy quality assessment test that could be used to adapt Mo treatments according to seed quality. The first investigation entailed assessing the quality of the seed obtained, from various seed lots, for planting. A number of different seed quality testing techniques were performed and they included the accelerated ageing test, tetrazolium test, conductivity test, standard germination test and an emergence . test planted at different depths with incubation at different temperatures. All the test results were compared with the accelerated ageing test results, to find the test most closely correlated to the accelerated ageing test, which is regarded as the most accurate indicator of soybean seed vigour. It was found that the emergence test where the seeds where planted at 10 cm presented a close correlation with the accelerated ageing test. An assessment of seed quality revealed that the four different seed lots provided seed of three significantly different levels of quality, which could be used for further investigations. The second investigation was concerned with the reaction of the seed of different quality levels to Mo seed treatment. Firstly, seeds from four different seed lots were treated with five different concentrations of Mo and planted under acidic conditions. The establishment was monitored up until six weeks, at which point the experiment was terminated. In the second planting, seeds from the four different seed lots were treated with six different concentrations of Mo and planted under optimum pH conditions. Emergence was monitored and after thinning out the remaining plants were left to mature and produce seed. The emergence percentage results from both of these two plantings did not reveal the alleged positive effect Mo seed treatment has produced in the field and no definite relationship between seed quality and Mo seed treatment was observed. The third investigation was concerned with the effect that osmoconditioning had on the reaction of seed to Mo seed treatment. Seeds from two seed lots, one of very poor quality and the other of good quality, were pre-treated with four different levels of poly-ethylene glycol (PEG 6000) and then treated with four concentrations of Mo. They were planted under optimum pH conditions and establishment was monitored. After being thinned out the remaining plants were allowed to mature and produce seed. The emergence percentage results revealed that the PEG pre-treatments greatly improved emergence percentages, especially in the poor quality seed. There were some positive effects of Mo seed treatment observed where the lower concentrations of Mo were used, but again, no definite relationship between seed quality and Mo seed treatment was found. PEG pre-treatment appeared to help make the seeds more "resistant" to the harmful effects of Mo.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Navorsing in KwaZulu-Natal het aangetoon dat saadbehandeling met molibdeen (Mo) die opbrengs van sojabone op suurgrond kan verdubbel en die proteieninhoud met tot 1.9% kan verhoog. Daar is egter ook gevind dat sojaboonopbrengs op vyf lokaliteite met gemiddeld 8% gedaal het na saadbehandeling met Mo. "nVermoede bestaan dat die opbrengsverlagings wat voorgekom het na saadbehandeling met Mo verband hou met die kwaliteit van saad wat vir die aanplantings gebruik is. Die doel van die projek was om vas te stel wat die verband tussen saadkwaliteit en Mo saadbehandeling is en om "n vinnige en maklike toets te vind om saadkwaliteit te bepaal om sodoende Mo behandelings aan te pas volgens saadkwaliteit. In die eerste eksperiment is die kwaliteit van verskillende saadlotte wat verkry is, getoets. "n Aantal verskillende tegnieke om saadkwaliteit te bepaal is uitgevoer. Die tegnieke was die versnelde verouderingstoets, tetrazoliumtoets, konduktiwiteitstoets, standaard ontkiemingstoets en "n vestigingstoets waar saad op verskillende dieptes geplant en by verskillende temperature geïnkubeer is. Die resultate van die verskillende toetse is gekorreleer met die resultate van die versnelde verouderingstoets, wat beskou word as die toets wat die beste aanduiding gee van saadgroeikragtigheid. Daar is gevind dat sade wat 10 cm diep in sand geplant is, se opkoms die beste korrelasie met die versnelde verouderingstoets toon en dus as "n goeie aanduiding van die kwaliteit van saad beskou kan word. Daar is gevind dat daar drie saadlotte is met duidelike kwaliteitsverskille wat gebruik kon word in verdere eksperimente. Die tweede eksperiment het die reaksie van saad van verskillende kwaliteitsvlakke teenoor molibdeen saadbehandeling ondersoek. Eerstens is saad van vier verskillende saadlotte behandel met vyf verskillende konsentrasies Mo en onder baie suur toestande geplant. Die vestiging is gemonitor vir ses weke waarna die eksperiment gestaak is. Daarna is saad van dieselfde vier saadlotte behandel met ses verskillende Mo konsentrasies en onder optimum pH toestande geplant. Vestiging is gemonitor en na ses weke is die plante uitgedun en twee plante per pot is gelaat om saad te produseer. Die ~ vestigingspersentasie van beide die eerste en tweede plantings het nie die verwagte positiewe effek teenoor Mo saadbehandeling getoon nie en geen betekenisvolle verwantskap tussen saadkwaliteit en Mo saadbehandeling kon waargeneem word nie. Die derde eksperiment het die invloed van osmokondisionering op die reaksie van saad op Mo saadbehandeling ondersoek. Saad van twee saadlotte, een van goeie kwaliteit en een van swak kwaliteit, is voorafbehandel met poli-etileen glikol (PEG 6000) en daarna met vier konsentrasies van Mo behandel. Die sade is onder optimum pH toestande geplant en die vestiging is gemonitor. Nadat dit uitgedun is, is die oorblywende twee plante gelaat om saad te produseer. Die vestigingspersentasies het getoon dat PEG voorafbehandelings vestiging betekenisvol verbeter, veral in die geval van lae kwaliteit saad. Daar was 'n . positiewe effek van Mo saadbehandeling waar relatief lae konsentrasies molibdeen toegedien is, maar daar kon weereens nie 'n duidelike verwantskap tussen saadkwaliteit en Mo saadbehandeling waargeneem word nie. Dit blyk dat PEG voorafbehandeling die sade meer bestand teen die skadelike invloed van Mo gemaak het.

Chappell, Matthew. "Assessment and Reaction of Triticum aestivum Genotypes to Fusarium graminearum and effects on Traits Related to Grain Yield and Seed Quality". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30784.

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Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe), causal organism of fusarium head blight (FHB), has become a major pathogen of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) throughout North America. Since its discovery in the United States, the disease has spread south and east until at present it is an annual threat for growers of winter wheat in the Mid-Atlantic region. Yield losses for soft red winter (SRW) wheat averaged 908 kg ha-1 in the FHB outbreak of 1998 (Griffey et al., 1999). The economic loss from this single FHB epidemic was an estimated 8.5 million dollars. Environmental conditions favorable for FHB development, including above average rainfall and temperatures during anthesis, have become more common in the Upper-Midwestern wheat-growing region over the past decade, leading to substantial losses in wheat and barley crops. This, coupled with low prices being paid for wheat, has prompted research toward solving the problem of FHB across the nation. The majority of labor and financial resources devoted to FHB research are dedicated to incorporating FHB resistance into adapted wheat lines. While this is a prudent method of combating this disease, this process will take many years to complete. We have examined all FHB assessment parameters, which include FHB incidence, FHB severity, FHB index, percentage fusarium damaged kernels (percentage FDK), and 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol toxin (DON toxin) accumulation, to ascertain which assessment parameters best quantify FHB resistance levels in addition to grain yield and grain volume weight (GVW) losses. FHB index provides the most reliable in-field assessment of a genotype's resistance level, whereas percentage FDK provides a reliable measure of a genotype's resistance level post-harvest. FHB index and percentage FDK are also the most predictive assessment parameters with regard to grain yield and GVW loss. A wide range in both level and type of resistance was observed among genotypes examined in this study. The cultivars Agripro Patton, Ernie, INW9824, Roane, and the experimental line NY87048W-7388 consistently had lower scores for FHB assessment parameters and lower losses of grain yield and GVW.
Master of Science

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Libri sul tema "Seed yield and quality":

Agrawal, Ganesh K., e Randeep Rakwal, a cura di. Seed Development: OMICS Technologies toward Improvement of Seed Quality and Crop Yield. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4749-4.

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Agrawal, Ganesh K. Seed Development: OMICS Technologies toward Improvement of Seed Quality and Crop Yield: OMICS in Seed Biology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012.

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Mosseler, Alexander John. Seed yield and quality from early cone collections in Newfoundland populations of black spruce and white spruce. St. John's: Forestry Canada, Newfoundland & Labrador Region, 1991.

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Macoun, W. T. Importance of planting good seed potatoes for high yields: The quality of the seed planted is of more importance than the variety ... Ottawa: Dept. of Agriculture, 1997.

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Sakthō̜ng, Mayurī. Rāingan kānwičhai rư̄ang ʻitthiphon khō̜ng kāntattǣng dō̜k tō̜ khunnaphāp læ parimān maletphan lūkphasom brō̜kkhōlī-khanā nai Čhangwat Loēi =: Influences of inflorescence thinning on seed quality and seed yield of broccoli-Chinese kale hybrid in Loei. Loēi: Prōkrǣm Wichā Kasēttrasāt, Khana Witthayāsāt læ Thēknōlōyī, Mahāwitthayālai Rātchaphat Lœ̄i, 2004.

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D, Jolliff Gary, Oregon. Dept. of Environmental Quality., Oregon Field Burning Program e Oregon State University. Dept. of Crop Science. New Crops Research Project., a cura di. Meadowfoam seed yield increase research. [Eugene, OR]: State of Oregon, Dept. of Environmental Quality, 1987.

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D, Jolliff Gary, Oregon. Dept. of Environmental Quality., Oregon Field Burning Program e Oregon State University. Dept. of Crop Science. New-Crops Research Project., a cura di. Meadowfoam seed yield increase research. [Eugene, OR]: State of Oregon, Dept. of Environmental Quality, 1985.

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Egli, D. B., a cura di. Seed biology and yield of grain crops. Wallingford: CABI, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781780647708.0000.

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Egli, Dennis B. Seed biology and the yield of grain crops. Wallingford, Oxon: CAB International, 1998.

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Fauconnier, D. Soya: Fertilisers for yield and quality. Worblaufen-Bern, Switzerland: International Potash Institute, 1986.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Seed yield and quality":

Stanisavljevic, Rade, Jasmina Milenkovic, Jasmina Radovic, Dragoslav Djokic, Dragan Terzic, Goran Jevtic e Dejan Dodig. "Variability and Correlation Between the Seed Yield, Seed Yield Components and Quality of Alfalfa Seed". In Sustainable use of Genetic Diversity in Forage and Turf Breeding, 347–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8706-5_49.

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Davies, Howard, e Louise Shepherd. "Integrating Omics in Food Quality and Safety Assessment". In Seed Development: OMICS Technologies toward Improvement of Seed Quality and Crop Yield, 555–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4749-4_26.

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Grzesik, M., K. Górnik e M. G. Chojnowski. "Maternal Effects on Callistephus chinensis Seed Yield and Quality". In Basic and Applied Aspects of Seed Biology, 129–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5716-2_15.

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Toubiana, David, e Aaron Fait. "Metabolomics-Assisted Crop Breeding Towards Improvement in Seed Quality and Yield". In Seed Development: OMICS Technologies toward Improvement of Seed Quality and Crop Yield, 453–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4749-4_22.

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Galland, Marc, Imen Lounifi, Gwendal Cueff, Aurélie Baldy, Halima Morin, Dominique Job e Loïc Rajjou. "A Role for “Omics” Technologies in Exploration of the Seed Nutritional Quality". In Seed Development: OMICS Technologies toward Improvement of Seed Quality and Crop Yield, 477–501. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4749-4_23.

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Jankulovska, Mirjana, Sonja Ivanovska, Ljupcho Jankuloski, Mile Markoski, Biljana Kuzmanovska e Dane Boshev. "Evaluation of advanced wheat mutant lines for food and feed quality." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 209–19. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0021.

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Abstract The main goals of this study were to evaluate the agronomic performance of wheat mutant lines; to detect the effect of genotype, location and different fertilizer levels on analysed traits; to assess seed and feed quality; and to select best performing mutant lines for dual-purpose growing. Ten wheat mutant lines were sown on two locations in Macedonia, for evaluation of their agronomic performance. At both locations, grain yield, straw mass, harvest index, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen and protein content in seed and straw, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre in the straw were determined. In order to classify the genotypes based on all analysed traits, two-way cluster analysis was applied. According to their overall performance, at both locations and with the three different fertilization treatments, the mutant lines were classified in two main groups. The first cluster consisted of mutants 5/1-8, 2/2-21, 4/2-56 and 2/1-51, characterized by very high values for seed yield, straw yield and harvest index, and high to moderate values for all other traits. Only 4/2-56 had very low values for N and protein content in the seed. One mutant line, 6/2-2, did not belong to any of the groups and differed from all other genotypes based on its very low seed and straw yield and very high values for nitrogen and protein content in the straw and neutral detergent fibre. All other mutants belonged to the second group, with low to moderate yield and moderate to high values for the other traits. Mutant lines with the highest seed and straw yield, as well as the best quality of seed and straw under different management systems, were identified and after additional evaluation will be submitted for official variety registration.

Prioul, Jean-Louis, Domenica Manicacci, Catherine Damerval e Valérie Méchin. "Proteomics in Identifying New Regulatory Mechanisms Involved in Seed Development and Ultimately Seed Quality". In Seed Development: OMICS Technologies toward Improvement of Seed Quality and Crop Yield, 247–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4749-4_13.

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Sabelli, Paolo A. "Seed Development: A Comparative Overview on Biology of Morphology, Physiology, and Biochemistry Between Monocot and Dicot Plants". In Seed Development: OMICS Technologies toward Improvement of Seed Quality and Crop Yield, 3–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4749-4_1.

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Chellamma, Sreekala, Bhinu Pillai e Abdelali Hannoufa. "Probing the Genes Expressed in Developing Seed of Oilseed Plants: Brassica Napus (L.) as A Case Example". In Seed Development: OMICS Technologies toward Improvement of Seed Quality and Crop Yield, 171–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4749-4_10.

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Thompson, Richard D., e Jerome Verdier. "Networks of Seed Storage Protein Regulation in Cereals and Legumes at the Dawn of the Omics Era". In Seed Development: OMICS Technologies toward Improvement of Seed Quality and Crop Yield, 187–210. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4749-4_11.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Seed yield and quality":

Taranenko, V. V., e R. S. Sharifullin. "INFLUENCE OF FOLIAGE APPLICATION ON SUNFLOWER YIELD AND QUALITY". In «Breeding, seed production, cultivation technology and processing of agricultural crops». Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Rice Centre, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33775/conf-2021-292-296.

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Gibson, Lance R., e Russell E. Martin. "Temperature and Drought Influence on Soybean Yield, Composition, and Seed Quality". In Proceedings of the 10th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-664.

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Graef, George. "High-yield soybean lines with improved seed protein and oil balance". In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/reen3740.

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Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a leading supplier of vegetable oil and high-quality protein meal in world markets. Processors expect an oil yield of at least 11 lb bu-1 and want to produce a 48% protein meal. On-farm soybean yields show a linear increase of ~0.45 bu a-1 yr-1, but the prevalent negative association between yield and seed protein concentration resulted in a decrease in seed protein of ~2 percentage points during the past 80 years. Seed oil concentration typically is slightly positively associated with yield and highly negatively correlated with protein, and estimates for the 2021 US soybean extraction rate indicate an all-time high of 11.9 lb bu-1. More extreme levels of protein or oil in the seed have been achieved, but trade-offs with yield and/or the other major component make those soybean lines unsuitable for the commodity market. With large projected increases in demand for both oil and protein, a commodity bean with improved balance of major components that meets the needs of the farmer and processor is needed. By focusing on processing outputs, we realized an improved balance of seed components between protein, oil, and soluble carbohydrates. In multi-environment trials over years, the improved soybean lines yield as well as the elite checks, produce a 48% meal and yield ~1.5 pounds of oil per bushel. In Nebraska tests over two years and 6 locations, new lines showed elite yields (76-86 bu a-1) equal to the checks, produce a 48% protein meal and yield 12.7 pounds of oil per bushel. With judicious choice of parental lines, evaluation and selection based on multiple seed traits and yield, it is possible to increase both oil and protein concentration in the seed and achieve elite yields for commodity markets. These soybeans can help meet the growing demand for both soy protein and oil and provide improved yield and quality for farmers and processors.

Taranenko, V. V. "Effect of foliar fertilizing on the yield and quality of rapeseed". In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-47.

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The aim of the research was to determine the effect of the highly concentrated fertilizer “Vuksal Boron” on the yield and quality of spring rape seeds. The surveys were carried out on the variety ‘Galant’ in the central zone of the Krasnodar Territory. As a result of two year trials, we found that 5–10 l/ha of “Vuksal Boron” positively affected the yield and seed quality of rapeseed. The yield increase was 2.4-3.6 kg/ha or 9–11 % compared to control; the crude fat content in rape seeds was 1.6–2.7%.

Wahyuni, Sri, Zuziana Susanti e Mira Landep Widiastuti. "Optimum plant population and fertilizer for enhancing rice seed yield and quality". In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ORGANIC AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY (ICOAC) 2022. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0185108.

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Sergeeva, Svetlana, Tatiana Leonidova e Larissa Korovina. "FORMATION OF PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF SPRING COLZA SEED OIL". In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production 26 (74). ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2021-26-74-69-73.

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The article presents the results of research on the productivity and quality of spring colza seed oil. It was found that spring colza Nadezhda surpassed the variety of spring colza Svetlana both in yield and in quality of oilseeds: higher fat and protein content, low fiber content.

Fang, Gao, Gu Xue-Hua, Wei Tong-Tong, Sun Lian-Qiang, Lin Ying-Jie, Zhang Jia-Lei, Yang Chuan-Ting et al. "Effects of Cadmium Stresses on Physiological Characteristics, Pod Yield and Seed Quality of Peanut". In 2013 Third International Conference on Intelligent System Design and Engineering Applications (ISDEA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isdea.2012.157.

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Dmitrevskaya, I. I., e O. A. Zharkikh. "Prospective methods of quality control agrochemicals". In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-124.

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The results of assessing the effect of growth bioregulators on the yield of industrial hemp are presented, provided that industrial hemp is grown in a field experiment. It was found that the use of modern bioregulators on agricultural hemp crops had significant increases in the yield and collection of fiber, as well as in the seed productivity of hemp.

DAUTARTĖ, Anželika, Vidmantas SPRUOGIS, Romualdas ZEMECKIS, Edmundas BARTKEVIČIUS e Algirdas GAVENAUSKAS. "THE INFLUENCE OF BIOORGANIC PREPARATIONS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF CONVENTIONALY GROWN WINTER RAPE ACTIVATING AND SAVING THE USE OF SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS". In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.051.

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The aim was to determine the impact of Raskila bio-organic preparation on the productivity of winter rape ‘Sunday’ grown under conventional system, in order to activate and save the use of treatment Rovral aqua flo and to improve the wintering of plants. The scientific article presents the data of the conventional winter rape ‘Sunday’ growth intensity, plant formation, accumulation of dry matter, seed quality parameters, fertility data and the influence of the use of bioorganic fertilizers e. winter rape 'Sunday' seeds were coated with bioorganic preparations and synthetic treatments, and additionally sprayed with a bioorganic fertilizer solution. Agrotechnics was carried out according to the technology of winter rape growing at Aleksandras Stulginskis University Experimental station. Additional treatment of winter rape seeds and additional spraying with bioorganic fertilizers had a positive influence on the processes of growth and development of winter rape. By combining seed treatments and treatment with bio-organic Raskila fertilizers (3 l for 100 kg) and spray in autumn (3 l ha-1 ), the best results are achieved: the maximum rape seed yield was 3.87 t ha-1 and the best quality production. Bioorganic fertilizers and treatment Rovral aqua flo has significantly increased the following indicators of winter rape ‘Sunday’: the length of the plant (118.16-127.64 cm), the number of branches (6-10), seeds in the silique (28.27), the seed yield (3.16-3.87 t ha-1). The highest seed yield (3.87 l ha-1) was achieved, applying Nagro preparations in the autumn and the Rovral aqua flo treatment and spraying Raskila plants when the rape reaches a height of 5-7 cm (BBCH 10-19). Premium yield was 86.6 % compared to control. Raskila fertilizers and treatment Rovral aqua flo significantly increased the following parameters of winter rape seeds: content of fat (41.52-43.05 %), proteins (20.39-20.91%), glucosinolates decreased from 18.68 to 18.31 m mol g-1. This has improved seed quality. Treatment with Raskila and treatment Rovral aqua flo decreased seeds and seedlings infestation and morbidity due to Fusarium, Drechlera, Alternaria, Penicillium. Rates of treatment can be reduced if combined with bioorganic fertilizers. Application of bioorganic fertilizers and treatment in combination increases the effectiveness of treatment. Bio-organic fertilizer reduces plant stress caused by synthetic treatment.

Basalaeva, I. V., F. M. Khazieva, I. N. Korotkikh e T. E. Samatadze. "SOWING QUALITY AND SEED YIELD OF COLCHICINEINDUCED POLEMONIUM CAERULEUM L. PLANTS IN C1 AND C2 GENERATIONS". In Современные тенденции развития технологий здоровьесбережения. Москва: Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт лекарственных и ароматических растений", 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52101/9785870191058_17.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Seed yield and quality":

Bradford, Kent, Haim Nerson, Gregory Wellbaum e Menahem Edelstein. Environmental, Developmental and Physiological Determinants of Curcurbit Seed Quality. United States Department of Agriculture, ottobre 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7695837.bard.

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Environmental, developmental, physiological and biochemical determinants of cucurbit seed quality were investigated in field and laboratory experiments. The major factor influencing seed quality is seed maturity at harvest, with both immature and overmature seeds exhibiting reduced quality. Planting density and fruit load per plant can be manipulated to maximize seed yield per unit area without adversely affecting seed quality. Seeds harvested at optimal maturity will have the greatest germination vigor and will maintain quality longer during storage. Seed priming can improve germination rates and uniformity, but can reduce storage life. Tissues enclosing the embryo (the endosperm envelope and seed coat) are involved in regulating germination. The seed coat (testa) may restrict oxygen diffusion to the embryo in some muskmelon genotypes. Weakening of the endosperm envelope is associated with radicle emergence. Callose deposition in the endosperm envelope results in semipermeability. Defense proteins such as chitinase are also present in the endosperm. Numerous genes were identified that are expressed specifically in association with germination, but their functions are yet to be elucidated. These studies have provided guidelines for producing and harvesting cucurbit seeds for maximum yield and quality and have identified physiological and biochemical processes contributing to seed germination vigor.

Smith, Margaret, Nurit Katzir, Susan McCouch e Yaakov Tadmor. Discovery and Transfer of Genes from Wild Zea Germplasm to Improve Grain Oil and Protein Composition of Temperate Maize. United States Department of Agriculture, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7580683.bard.

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Project Objectives 1. Develop and amplify two interspecific populations (annual and perennial teosintes x elite maize inbred) as the basis for genetic analysis of grain quality. 2. Identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from teosinte that improve oil, protein, and essential amino acid composition of maize grain. 3. Develop near isogenic lines (NILs) to quantify QTL contributions to grain quality and as a resource for future breeding and gene cloning efforts. 4. Analyze the contribution of these QTLs to hybrid performance in both the US and Israel. 5. Measure the yield potential of improved grain quality hybrids. (NOTE: Yield potential could not be evaluated due to environmentally-caused failure of the breeding nursery where seed was produced for this evaluation.) Background: Maize is a significant agricultural commodity worldwide. As an open pollinated crop, variation within the species is large and, in most cases, sufficient to supply the demand for modem varieties and for new environments. In recent years there is a growing demand for maize varieties with special quality attributes. While domesticated sources of genetic variation for high oil and protein content are limited, useful alleles for these traits may remain in maize's wild relative, teosinte. We utilized advanced backcross (AB) analysis to search for QTLs contributing to oil and protein content from two teosinte accessions: Zea mays ssp. mexicana Race Chalco, an annual teosinte (referred to as Chalco), and Z diploperennis Race San Miguel, a perennial teosinte (referred to as Diplo). Major Conclusions and Achievements Two NILs targeting a Diplo introgression in bin 1.04 showed a significant increase in oil content in homozygous sib-pollinated seed when compared to sibbed seed of their counterpart non-introgressed controls. These BC4S2 NILs, referred to as D-RD29 and D-RD30, carry the Diplo allele in bin 1.04 and the introgression extends partially into bins 1.03 and 1.05. These NILs remain heterozygous in bins 4.01 and 8.02, but otherwise are homozygous for the recurrent parent (RD6502) alleles. NILs were developed also for the Chalco introgression in bin 1.04 but these do not show any improvement in oil content, suggesting that the Chalco alleles differ from the Diplo alleles in this region. Testcross Fl seed and sibbed grain from these Fl plants did not show any effect on oil content from this introgression, suggesting that it would need to be present in both parents of a maize hybrid to have an effect on oil content. Implications, both Scientific and Agricultural The Diplo region identified increases oil content by 12.5% (from 4.8% to 5.4% oil in the seed). Although this absolute difference is not large in agronomic terms, this locus could provide additive increases to oil content in combination with other maize-derived loci for high oil. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of a QTL from teosinte for improved grain oil content in maize. It suggests that further research on grain quality alleles from maize wild relatives would be of both scientific and agricultural interest.

Smith, Margaret, Nurit Katzir, Susan McCouch e Yaakov Tadmor. Discovery and Transfer of Genes from Wild Zea Germplasm to Improve Grain Oil and Protein Composition of Temperate Maize. United States Department of Agriculture, ottobre 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7695846.bard.

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Paterson, Andrew H., Yehoshua Saranga e Dan Yakir. Improving Productivity of Cotton (Gossypsum spp.) in Arid Region Agriculture: An Integrated Physiological/Genetic Approach. United States Department of Agriculture, dicembre 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573066.bard.

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Objectives: We seek to establish the basis for improving cotton productivity under arid conditions, by studying the water use efficiency - evaporative cooling interrelationship. Specifically, we will test the hypothesis that cotton productivity under arid conditions can be improved by combining high seasonal WUE with efficient evaporative cooling, evaluate whether high WUE and/or evaporative cooling are based on specific physiological factors such as diurnal flexibility in stomatal conductance, stomatal density, photosynthetic capacity, chlorophyll fluorescence, and plant water status. Genes influencing both WUE and evaporative cooling, as well as other parameters such as economic products (lint yield, quality, harvest index) of cotton will also be mapped, in order to evaluate influences of water relations on these parameters. Approach: Carbon isotope ratio will be used to evaluate WUE, accompanied by additional parameters to elucidate the relationship between WUE, evaporative cooling, and cotton productivity. A detailed RFLP map will be used to determine the number, location, and phenotypic effects of genes underlying genetic variation in WUE between cultivated cottons, as well as test associations of these genes with traits of economic importance such as harvest index, lint yield, and lint quality. Major Conclusions: Productivity and quality of cotton grown under well-watered versus water-limited conditions was shown to be partly accounted for by different quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Among a suite of physiological traits often found to differ between genotypes adapted to arid versus well-watered conditions, genetic mapping implicated only reduced plant osmotic potential in improved cotton productivity under arid conditions. Our findings clearly implicate OP as a major component of cotton adaptation to arid conditions. However, testing of further physiological hypotheses is clearly needed to account for additional QTL alleles conferring higher seed-cotton yield under arid conditions, such as three of the five we found. Near-isogenic lines being made for QTLs discovered herein will offer a powerful new tool useful toward identification of the underlying gene(s) by using fine-scale mapping approaches (Paterson et al 1990). Implications: Adaptation to both arid and favorable conditions can be combined into the same genotype. We have identified diagnostic DNA markers that are being applied to creation of such desirable genotypes. Simultaneous improvement of productivity (and/or quality) for both arid and irrigated conditions will require more extensive field testing and the manipulation of larger numbers of genes, reducing the expected rate of genetic gain These difficulties may be at least partly ameliorated by efficiencies gained through identification and use of diagnostic DNA markers. Genomic tools and approaches may expedite adaptation of crops to arid cultivation, help to test roles of additional physiological factors, and guide the isolation of the underlying genes that protect crop performance under arid conditions.

Hovav, Ran, Peggy Ozias-Akins e Scott A. Jackson. The genetics of pod-filling in peanut under water-limiting conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, gennaio 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597923.bard.

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Pod-filling, an important yield-determining stage is strongly influenced by water stress. This is particularly true for peanut (Arachishypogaea), wherein pods are developed underground and are directly affected by the water condition. Pod-filling in peanut has a significant genetic component as well, since genotypes are considerably varied in their pod-fill (PF) and seed-fill (SF) potential. The goals of this research were to: Examine the effects of genotype, irrigation, and genotype X irrigation on PF and SF. Detect global changes in mRNA and metabolites levels that accompany PF and SF. Explore the response of the duplicate peanut pod transcriptome to drought stress. Study how entire duplicated PF regulatory processes are networked within a polyploid organism. Discover locus-specific SNP markers and map pod quality traits under different environments. The research included genotypes and segregating populations from Israel and US that are varied in PF, SF and their tolerance to water deficit. Initially, an extensive field trial was conducted to investigate the effects of genotype, irrigation, and genotype X irrigation on PF and SF. Significant irrigation and genotypic effect was observed for the two main PF related traits, "seed ratio" and "dead-end ratio", demonstrating that reduction in irrigation directly influences the developing pods as a result of low water potential. Although the Irrigation × Genotype interaction was not statistically significant, one genotype (line 53) was found to be more sensitive to low irrigation treatments. Two RNAseq studies were simultaneously conducted in IL and the USA to characterize expression changes that accompany shell ("source") and seed ("sink") biogenesis in peanut. Both studies showed that SF and PF processes are very dynamic and undergo very rapid change in the accumulation of RNA, nutrients, and oil. Some genotypes differ in transcript accumulation rates, which can explain their difference in SF and PF potential; like cvHanoch that was found to be more enriched than line 53 in processes involving the generation of metabolites and energy at the beginning of seed development. Interestingly, an opposite situation was found in pericarp development, wherein rapid cell wall maturation processes were up-regulated in line 53. Although no significant effect was found for the irrigation level on seed transcriptome in general, and particularly on subgenomic assignment (that was found almost comparable to a 1:1 for A- and B- subgenomes), more specific homoeologous expression changes associated with particular biosynthesis pathways were found. For example, some significant A- and B- biases were observed in particular parts of the oil related gene expression network and several candidate genes with potential influence on oil content and SF were further examined. Substation achievement of the current program was the development and application of new SNP detection and mapping methods for peanut. Two major efforts on this direction were performed. In IL, a GBS approach was developed to map pod quality traits on Hanoch X 53 F2/F3 generations. Although the GBS approach was found to be less effective for our genetic system, it still succeeded to find significant mapping locations for several traits like testa color (linkage A10), number of seeds/pods (A5) and pod wart resistance (B7). In the USA, a SNP array was developed and applied for peanut, which is based on whole genome re-sequencing of 20 genotypes. This chip was used to map pod quality related traits in a Tifrunner x NC3033 RIL population. It was phenotyped for three years, including a new x-ray method to phenotype seed-fill and seed density. The total map size was 1229.7 cM with 1320 markers assigned. Based on this linkage map, 21 QTLs were identified for the traits 16/64 weight, kernel percentage, seed and pod weight, double pod and pod area. Collectively, this research serves as the first fundamental effort in peanut for understanding the PF and SF components, as a whole, and as influenced by the irrigation level. Results of the proposed study will also generate information and materials that will benefit peanut breeding by facilitating selection for reduced linkage drag during introgression of disease resistance traits into elite cultivars. BARD Report - Project4540 Page 2 of 10

Israel, Alvaro, e John Merrill. Production of Seed Stocks for Sustainable Tank Cultivation of the Red Edible Seaweed Porphyra. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7696527.bard.

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Porphyra species (commonly known as ‘nori’ or ‘purple laver’) are edible red seaweeds rich in proteins, vitamins and other highly valued biogenic compounds. For years Porphyra has been cultured using seeded nets extended in the open sea, and its biomass consumed primarily in the Far East. While demands for international markets have increased steadily at an average of 20% per year, supplies are on the verge and not expected to meet future demands. Alternatively, land-based cultivation of seaweed has become attractive in the mariculture industry since (1) important growth parameters can be controlled, (2) is environmentally friendly and (3) perfectly matches with integrated aquaculture leading to sustainable, high quality products. During the last few years a tank cultivation technology for Porphyra has been developed at the Israeli institution. This technology is based on indoor production of asexual spores and their subsequent growth to 1-2 mm seedlings. The seedlings are then transferred to outdoor tanks and ponds when seawater temperatures drop to 20 °C, or below, and days become shorter during winter time. However, the current technology efficiently serves only about 100 m2 of ponds during one growth season. In order to produce seedlings in sufficient amounts, it is critical to address both technical and biological aspects of seedling production, securing optimal up-scale to commercial-size cultivation farms. We hypothesize that massive production of spores is related to thalli origin, thalli age and sporulation triggers, and that seedling survival and their subsequent growth potential is determined by the seawater quality and overall indoor growth conditions imposed. A series of bio-reactors were constructed and tested in which spore release and spore growth were separately studied. The main assessment criteria for optimal viability of the seedlings will be by determining their electron transport rate using PAM fluorometry and by subsequent growth and biomass yields in outdoor ponds. Altogether the project showed (1), controlled sporulation is possible in big outdoor/growth chamber settings provided initial stock material (small frozen seedlings) is at hand, (2), contamination problems can be almost completely avoided if stock material is properly handled (clean as possible and partially dehydrated prior to freezing), (3), spore release can significantly be enhance using high nutrient levels during thawing for P. yezoensis and P. haitanensis, but not for P. rosengurttii, (4), PAM fluorometry is an efficient tool to estimate growth capacity in both seedlings and juvenile thalli. The BARD funding also served to explore other aspects of Porphyra biology and cultivation. For example, the taxonomical status of Porphyra strains used in this study was defined (see appendix), and the potential use of this seaweed in bioremediation was well substantiated. In addition, BARD funding supported a number of opportunities and activities in the Israeli lab, direct or indirectly related to the initial objectives of the project such as: additional molecular work in other seaweeds, description of at least 2 new species for the Israeli Mediterranean, and continuous support for the writing of a book on Global Change and applied aspects of seaweeds. The technology for Porphyra cultivation in land-based ponds is readily available. This study corroborated previous know-how of Porphyra growth in tanks and ponds, and yet offers important improvements regarding seedling production and their handling for successful cultivation. This study supported various other activities opening additional important issues in the biology/cultivation/use of Porphyra and other seaweeds.

Lundeen, Peter, e Xiao-Bing Yang. Effect of Seed Soybean Treatments on Seed Emergence and Yield. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1118.

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Yang, Xiao-Bing, e Peter Lundeen. Effect of Soybean Seed Treatments on Seed Emergence and Yield. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-946.

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Tanksley, Steven D., e Dani Zamir. Development and Testing of a Method for the Systematic Discovery and Utilization of Novel QTLs in the Production of Improved Crop Varieties: Tomato as a Model System. United States Department of Agriculture, giugno 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570570.bard.

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Modern cultivated varieties carry only a small fraction of the variation present in the gene pool. The narrow genetic basis of modern crop plants is a result of genetic bottlenecks imposed during early domestication and modern plant breeding. The wild ancestors of most crop plants can still be found in their natural habitats and Germplasm Centers have been established to collect and maintain this material. These wild and unadapted resources can potentially fuel crop plant improvement efforts for many years into the future (Tanksley and McCouch 1997). Unfortunately, scientists have been unable to exploit the majority of the genetic potential warehoused in germplasm repositories. This is especially true as regards to the improvement of quantitative traits like yield and quality. One of the major problems is that much of the wild germplasm is inferior to modern cultivars for many of the quantitative traits that breeders would like to improve. Our research, focusing on the tomato as a model system, has shown that despite their inferior phenotypes, wild species are likely to contain QTLs that can substantially increase the yield and quality of elite cultivars (de Vicente and Tanksley 1992, Eshed and Zamir 1994, Eshed et al. 1996). Using novel population structures of introgression lines (ILs; Eshed and Zamir 1995) and advanced backcross lines (AB; Tanksley et al. 1996) we identified and introduced valuable QTLs from unadapted germplasm into elite processing tomato varieties. Populations involving crosses with five Lycopersicon species (L. pennellii (Eshed and Zamir 1994; Eshed et al. 1996; Eshed and Zamir 1996), L. hirsutum (Bernacchi et al. 1998), L. pimpinellifolium (Tanksley et al. 1996), L. parviflorum (unpub.), L. peruvianum (Fulton et al. 1997) have been field and laboratory tested in a number of locations around the world. QTLs from the wild parent were identified that improve one or more of the key quantitative traits for processing tomatoes (yield, brix, sugar and acid composition and earliness) by as much as 10-30%. Nearly isogenic lines (QTL-NILs) have been generated for a subset of these QTLs. Each QTL-NIL contains the entire genome of the elite cultivated parent except for a segment (5-40 cM) of the wild species genome corresponding to a specific QTL. The genetic material and information that was developed in this program is presently used by American and Israeli seed companies for the breeding of superior varieties. We expect that in the next few years these varieties will make a difference in the marketplace.

Rueber, David. Effect of Inoculation of Soybean Seed on Yield. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2429.

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