Tesi sul tema "Sécurité alimentaire – Coopération internationale"
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Gaaya, Aroua. "La coopération entre l'Organisation pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture (FAO) et la société civile internationale". Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010272.
Testo completoThe FAO is a specialized institution of the United Nations in the fields of food and agriculture, founded in 1945. Its purpose is to «ensure humanity's freedom from hunger» (preamble of its constitution). In order to reach the food security goal, FAO does not hesitate to cooperate with various partners. Among them, can be found entities belonging to the international civil society : international NGOs, local farmer's organizations, companies from the private sector, consumer associations... Thus, the concern of thus thesis is twofold. First, regarding FAO itself : as an international organization while inspiring little interest in international legal doctrine, it demonstrates an undeniable attitude of openness towards non-governmental entities. The study of the modalities (including the legal aspects), the numerous benefits but also the non-insignificant limits of the cooperation permits to highlight the usefulness to integrate these entities with FAO's nonnative and operational activities. Thus, this research is enlightening regarding the law of international organizations : thanks to these entities precious contribution, can be observed a reinterpretation and even an extension of FAO's initial mandate. Such a conclusion can be drawn in the normative area but mainly in the Organization's activities realized in the field
Ndisi-Haffner, Mylène Shiroko. "The place and the role of the actor in the governance of research and innovation projects : Two case studies of Africa-Europe cooperation in the field of food security and greenhouse gas observation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UCFA0148.
Testo completoThis research seeks to contribute to the understanding of metagovernance in international environment and food security research and innovation cooperation, through the case studies of two projects between African and European institutional partners. This cooperation is needed to attain nutrition security, environmental sustainability via climate-smart technologies, and the economic enhancement of actors that depend on agricultural income, in global dynamic relations. Since metagovernance is related to sustainability governance with economic, social and environmental components (Meuleman, 2019), this research proposes that metagovernance theory (Sørensen & Torfing, 2007; Torfing & Sørensen, 2014) be informed by the theory of creativity of action’s self-reflexivity, reflexivity and goals-in-view concepts (Joas, 1996; Joas & Beckert, 2001; Wiek, 2012) to find the position and role of the actor in the cooperation. This research objective considers the context’s research governance challenges including a lack of consistency in competition and collaborative objectives of countries in global science cooperation (Flink & Schreiterer, 2010; Román & Schunz, 2017; Ruffini, 2020). The research design employed reiterative in-depth studies (Dumez, 2009, 2012; Easton, 2010; Saldaña, 2011; Zackariasson, 2015). Private, public sector and civil society actor expectations, motivations, and actual action (Joas, 1996; Joas & Beckert, 2001) in governance were examined from qualitative and quantitative data collected. Analysis (Rhodes, 2007; Voronov & Vince, 2012) was carried out according to governance mode instruments and creativity of action concepts. Findings reiterated the role and position of the actor engaging in common knowledge management, monitoring evaluation and learning, co-investment, and continuous context definition and understanding. The actors were found not to be as familiar with the same methods of engagement as they thought necessary hence the concluded role of actor understanding of their context and themes of focus
Dimer, Sébastien. "La coopération franco-allemande en matière de sécurité depuis 1982". Grenoble 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE21033.
Testo completoThe international system has a great influence on the francogerman cooperation about security. At the end of the seventies, the international bipolar system became tighter and the franco-german "couple" did not have the possibility to progress : the two countries -and particularly germany- had to respect the discipline of the alliance and to align on the politics of the bloc-leader actor (the united states). In 1985, gorbatchev comes into office in ussr, and the bipolar system becomes progressively looser. So france and germany can take initiatives for their bilateral cooperation because they have more possibilities to act in the loose bipolar system. They set up for example the franco-german brigade and the franco-german security council. In 1989-91, the international bipolar system collapses, and the franco-german cooperation must adapt : it is no more the same germany, it is no more the same franco-german alliance, and it is no more the same international system. So it appears new opportunities and new dangers for the bilateral cooperation and for the fundamental aim of the two countries : the european union
Bangoura, Dominique. "Le facteur militaire et la sécurité en Afrique : un problème national, régional et international, de 1960 à nos jours". Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR30021.
Testo completoAfrica's political and military behaviour expresses in very numerous and different ways. Considering its security, ten, means to study it on a national, regional, i. E. Intracontinental african level, and since there is no national self sufficiency, on a international or extracontinental level. Actually, security in africa is based on a ternary political and military problematical question, that implies a different degree study, a measuring of proitious and unpropitious factors with their interferences as far as peace and stability are concerned. As the main element fo national security, there stands the army. Each of the african states then, develops a strong anmy of its own so as to assume its country defence, its state stability and the individual and real estate security. As the main element of regional security, there stands the african unity organisation in which the african states agree upon thaking legal and political security measures, and in case of need, upon creating an occasional military force fitting to a very particular predicament. Beside this panafrican orghanisation, the african states want to promote regional and under-regional understanding by means of conducting negociations better than resorting to force, to emphasize neighbourhood instead of nursing struggles and lkeardership and expansionism problems. As the main element of international security, the african states refer the matter to each of the western? Easterne, northern or southern part of the world, so as to prepare their military officers and to buy their war make sure they will be helped in case of emlergency. They military relationships are based upon deep historical links, new political affinities or solidarity towards the whird-wold. They are expecting to be able to fill in the present gaps narrowing their own defence and stability abilities. Unfortunatily
Denève, Olivier. "La position française relative à la coopération entre l'ONU et les organisations internationales régionales dans le domaine du maintien de la paix". Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010265.
Testo completoMukato, Muzenga. "Les ambiguïtés de la coopération Union-Européenne-ACP : le cas de l'Afrique subsaharienne". Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081491.
Testo completoAlmost forty years have elapsed since a framework for cooperation between the european union and the a. C. P. Countries was put in place. This initiative was aimed at assisting the a. C. P. Countries to meet development objectives several agreements of cooperation are going to be signed between the two partners : trade, financial, technical and industrial agreements. To make develop this cooperation, many conventions are going to follow each other, first from yaounde i until lome iv, reexamined in 1 995. Attemptes to evaluate the numerous cooperative agreements have shown that they have not been a great success. In examining africa area by area, we can conclude that nothing or very little has taken off. The majority of these african countries suffer from serious economic difficulties. Each on is affected in its turn high debt, economic dependancy, weak growth, drop in forcing investment, high unemployment and weak industrial development. All these indicators show that africa has not taken off as we had hoped. The question that we are interested in is to know why the cooperation e. U. -a. C. P. Has not yielded the expected result. What are the principal reasons about this failure ? in the final section we will examine the problem about the future of the cooperation because, for two years, another view of the north-south cooperation has just been mentioned as part of international relations. Today the world in a state of rapid change : the end of the cold war, economic globalisation and emergence of new development zones, and emergence of new development zones, regroupments in asia, latin america and central and eastern europe, at the same time, has witnessed last 10 years : the single market, economic and monetary union, the treaty of maastricht, the schengen accord, european enlargement and the treaty of amsterdam. Needless to admit this cooperation will involve notable changes in the relations of northsouth cooperation. It is in working through these numerous observations that we have been able to foccus our research on determiny the likely future of this cooperative framework beyard the year 2000. It is feasible to think that the cooperation will meet its objective given that the common interests between europe and africa no longer exist ?
Niyomthai, Somprin. "La coopération de sécurité de l'ASEAN contre le terrorisme après les attentats du 11 septembre 2001". Paris 8, 2012. http://octaviana.fr/document/181586274#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Testo completoThe Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) plays a constructive role in promoting regional cooperation in Southeast Asia. When it was founded on August 8th 1967 during the Cold War, regional security was not determined by the internal will of member states but by perceived external threats. Regional cooperation derived from a fear of communism. In a sensitive international situation, most ASEAN member states were aware that regional security depended on cooperation in the face of external challenges and ostensible threats. After the Cold War however, a new non-traditional concept of security emerged, leading to a broad debate and discussion over regional security cooperation. The Asian financial crisis of the late 1990's and the subsequent emergence of a transnational terrorist threat led to new efforts at regional cooperation and integration. On the one hand, member states have multiplied their efforts to set up regional regional financial and monetary coordination, and to formalise new cooperative frameworks with ASEAN+3. Further, ASEAN countries are aiming to establish a common political, economic security community, based on what they consider to be a common regional identity. On the other hand, ASEAN countries have pursued the idea of the ASEAN Security Community to intensify security cooperation and to promote regional solidarity. The struggle against extremism is limited however to bilateral cooperation between member states and the major external powers, since ASEAN aims to put the peaceful non-military dimensions of security cooperation in the forefront. It is hoped that greater integration, alongside major regional actors as China and Japan, will allow both for conflict management on the security level, and greater ability at the economic level to compete on the global stage. While the process of integration is gradual and not as yet much institutionalized, the ASEAN member countries are pushing for a common agenda based on the assumption that they have the cultural and political tools to establish non-traditional means to deal with regional problems
Ghaibi, Dhia Moslem Abd Alameer. "La protection pénale de la sécurité de l’information en Irak : Etude juridique au niveau national et international". Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2D013.
Testo completoThe security of information and communication technologies (ICT) and the issue of cybercrime has been a concern for some time. It is only in the recent past that governments have begun to understand the importance of ICT security. Computer crime, like any form of crime, is hard to quantify, and cybercrime may be the least reported form of criminal behavior since the victim often does not know that an offense has even occurred. In addition, the lack of cybersecurity solutions and the lack of common understanding make legal difficulties both nationally and internationally. It is doubtful that common law standards, including those of the criminal law, are sufficient, on the one hand to cover the needs of an effective criminal policy and, on the other hand, the need to deal with the diversity of crimes and the continual evolution of their means. Iraq, like some countries, has suffered information system breaches. But how can Iraq cope with the issues of cybercrime? Are traditional laws sufficient to frame cybersecurity? Does Iraq need new legal rules? In this respect, the contribution of international law is important for the fight against cybercrime. International cyber security conventions and pioneer legislation in this area can inspire the Iraqi legislator. The purpose of this research topic is, in the light of international law, to provide effective legal protection and to develop Iraq's legal framework for cybersecurity
LEE, SEUNG-KEUN. "Deux politiques dans le processus de la csce : la france et les etats-unis face aux problemes de la securite et du desarmement eu europe , d'helsinki a la charte de paris". Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010322.
Testo completoSince the end of the second world war, france, a major-power and the united states, a super-power, have played distinct roles in establishing a framework of security in europe. From the v republic of france on, two partners enter into a complex relationship and pursue their own security policies. Concerning the question of creating a multilateral or pan-european security system, the positions of these two countries diverge. In the framework of the csce (conference on the security and cooperation in europe), this research examines policies of the two countries on the problems of european security, the strengthening of confidence building measures (cbm) and the linkage of theses measures with the disarmament in europe from the beginning of the negotiation held in helsinki in 1973 to the adoption of the charter of paris in 1990. Indeed, against a policy of security led by the united states to maintain the bloc-to-bloc system and status quo, france distanced herself from nato military policies since 1958. Henceforth, she started an empty-chair policy in the conference of disarmament in geneva in 1962. In addition, the french government did not participate in the negotiations about the mutual balanced force reduction in central europe (mbfr), because she saw them as negotiations of bloc-to-bloc and an obstacle for the formation of european defense. Finally, general de gaulle took, in the middle of 1960, a political initiative ; "detente, entente and cooperation" with the eastern countries. He wanted to privilege an inter-country cooperation and to favor national identities in the sphere of the communists'influence, while the united states approached these questions in terms of keeping the status quo in europe and granted a priority for bilateral arms control negotiations. In favor of the development of the csce, the two countries approached each other to the extent that they pursued the adoption of militarily significant cbm and succeeded to overcome their divergences on goals and means of the conventional disarmament in europe. This thesis clarifies the debate between france and the united states on the european security policy during a decisive period of east-west relationships and verifies the reality of convergence which became visible in this area
Amato, Rosanna. "La coopération judiciaire en réseau dans l'espace de liberté, sécurité et justice". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAA014.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with the legal analysis of the network-based form of cooperation between national authorities of the EU Member States within the AFSJ, with a view to evaluate its contribution and potential. The dissertation is divided into two parts. The first one portrays the emergence of networking and analyzes the driving factors (both legal and structure-related), which have triggered such a process. Attention is paid to the legal instruments applying both the principle of mutual recognition and the principle of availability. The rationale is to identify the obstacles hindering the implementation of the cooperation procedures and to highlight the role played by networks in this respect. The second part examines the main networks operating in the JAI field, with a special focus on the features characterizing these arrangements and their methods of operation. Finally, the main features of a “EU network model of cooperation” are identified as well as the role played by such a model in respect to the exercise of the EU competences in the AFSJ
Solimani, Mohammed. "La problématique sécuritaire en Méditerranée : entre coopération et concurrence : contribution à l'histoire des relations internationales dans l'espace méditerranéen depuis la seconde guerre mondiale". Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP0966.
Testo completoThis thesis has as objective to analyse the role of the international and regional institutions in the stabilization of the Mediterranean space to try to understand it but also to study their mechanisms of action on the international stage. Initially, an analysis of both military and non-military risks in the Mediterranean will help to understand the multiple role of security in its broadest sense in this region. In a second step, after a presentation of European and American approaches to this area, an analysis of the strategy of the EU and NATO will help to see the importance of the Mediterranean environment and to explain the crisis in the bilateral relations between countries of the region. All this work will help to realize that the Mediterranean problimatic entered into a passive charge of relations between the concerned states and that its evolution will be a test for the future of the international system, the Mediterranean is at the crossroad of interests and spheres of influence of potential hegemonies. Finally, no institution would like to leave the Mediterranean Sea in the countries of the south da freedom to operate separately and individually, what explains the necessity to create a regional incorporation south-south to be able to take up the major challenges which possent in this region in dévelloppement, and to face up sécuraires danger which watch for it
Fornari, Monica. "Le Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies et la Cour pénale internationale : une première coopération difficile dans le processus de paix au Darfour". Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30278/30278.pdf.
Testo completoThis thesis examines cooperation between the United Nations Security Council and the International Criminal Court. This is a new mechanism which plays a crucial role in global criminal justice and the maintenance of international peace and security. This is notably a mechanism that acts when crises occur to contribute to the reestablishment of peace by fighting against impunity. In its first part, this research analyzes the first occasion on which this cooperation occurred, the Darfur conflict, where from 2003 to present, the Khartoum government and the Janjaweed militias have committed serious crimes against civilians. The second part examines the effectiveness of this cooperation mechanism with reference to the ongoing conflict in Darfur. In its third part, the thesis evaluates the effectiveness of the cooperation in contributing to the resolution of this conflict by measuring the influence of political, economic and legal factors characterizing this difficult geopolitical situation in Sudan.
Delbourg, Esther. "Achieving water security through cooperation and food trade". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX077/document.
Testo completoThis thesis contributes to the ongoing debate about whether water scarcity will lead to growing water conflicts and potential threats to food security. Using quantitative and econometric tools, it addresses the empirical allocation of water resources in the context of shared water and international trade of agriculture.Chapter 1, co-authored with Prof. Eric Strobl, studies transboundary water management between upstream and downstream African countries (1949-2007). We find very little evidence for water conflicts over the years, even though cooperation is likelier when there is little economic and water asymmetries between countries. We also show that wealthy downstream nations mostly take the lead in cooperation, allowing geographical asymmetries to be offset by economics. Results indicate that cooperation is independent from the past, meaning that transboundary basins with a history of tensions over water may likely cooperate in the near future.Chapter 2, co-authored with Prof. Shlomi Dinar, investigates whether countries produce and trade food according to their comparative advantage in water. Using panel data of bilateral trade at a global level (1994-2007), we find that the driest countries use trade as a means to alleviate water scarcity. Relative water productivity and food trade display an inverted u-shape, suggesting a threshold effect in demand and a disregard for water resources relative to the lack of other inputs (such as capital, technology or qualified labor) in water-scarce countries. Countries do not take water endowments enough into consideration when deciding about production and food is traded in the wrong direction, from less to relatively more water productive nations.Because agricultural-dependence is water-dependence, we end by asking whether water scarcity can be a threat to development. Chapter 3 shows that exports concentrate with growth but diversify with water availability. The interaction effect is positive, suggesting that countries, as they develop, concentrate on fewer products for which they have comparative advantage in water. As water intensive goods display lower subsistence in time in water-scarce countries, we argue that inefficient management of water prevents countries from developing and exiting the state of water/agriculture dependency and slow growth. We recommend that water-scarce countries focus on improving the water footprint of a small number of goods in order to trigger positive spillovers
Alnuaimi, Buti. "La lutte contre le crime organisé aux Émirats arabes unis : stratégie et coopération". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0036/document.
Testo completoA thesis devoted to the fight against organized crime in the United Arab Emirates may seem rather surprising. Security in this country is at a very high level and the authorities maintain a very strong control over a 90% foreign population. Generally regarded as one of the safest countries in the world, organized crime has no place in the UAE. But the subject is justified because the fight against organized crime can only be conceived in a global framework that puts countries in advanced economies at the forefront. The UAE is a major partner in the strategy and international cooperation that has been developing steadily for more than 30 years to reduce criminal organizations. These still active organizations have been joined by terrorist organizations that finance themselves through trafficking and illegal activities. This junction between crime and terrorism, proven by field investigations, is a factor in worsening instability and a challenge for police forces. In the Gulf, there is a need to closely monitor trade flows that may conceal criminal activity. But it is also necessary to detect financial flows from criminal activities that are recycled in the prosperous economy of the UAE. On both counts, the UAE plays a decisive role because of its significant financial resources, surveillance technologies and the political will of its leaders. This thesis places the action of the Emirates in the normative and institutional framework established by treaties, relayed by national law. In this area, it is unreasonable to target the disappearance of organized crime, which is an activity linked to the globalization of world trade. The achievable objective of the Emirates is not to allow the implantation of organized crime on its territory. From this point of view, this goal is achieved and the efforts of UAE authorities and police forces are tense towards a consolidation of this result for the future
Ojeda, Carlos. "Refonte du système de sécurité interaméricain sur la base d'une analyse prospective des menaces communes". Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05D019.
Testo completoFrom its creation to the end of bipolarity, the Hemispheric Security system was conceived as a response to a common extra-continental threat that capable of affecting the entire American region. Since then, the system has become weakened due to its inability to address new challenges. This investigation explains the extent of the threats affecting the region, the tools created tools to prevent or neutralize them, the influences on the system and the capacity to confront new variables affecting hemispheric security. Finally, this investigation will demonstrate that the Inter-American Security system can evolve in a synchronous manner within the scheme of International Relations. For it, it proposes a structure that can politically articulate the wills of its members to search for solutions to common threats against the security its members
Allafi, Mousa. "La cour pénale internationale et le conseil de sécurité : justice versus maintien de l'ordre". Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR1002/document.
Testo completoThe international criminal Court system (ICC) whose mission is to ensure international justice, is based on a close relationship with the security Council. So it is proper to wonder about the Council’s role in the functioning of international criminal justice. Such a questionning is fundamental, for the intervention of a political body into the functioning of a judicial body calls into question the missions of both institutions. The Council’s interference in the activity of the ICC, based on its mission of maintaining international peace, is actually carried out on behalf of an international order intended by the Council itself. This role affects the functioning, the independence and even the impartiality of the ICC. The powers the Rome Statute gives to the Council allow it to refer to the ICC, to impose for the States to cooperate with the Court, to suspend its activity or also to qualify an act as a crime of aggression. However the relations between the Council and the ICC should not be subordinated, but maintained in mutual respect. Thus there is a real concern regarding the observance of the Rome Statute by the Council. The study highlights the conflict between justice and politics and reveals the current issues in terms of international criminal justice
Ékoué, Kangni. "La saisine de la cour pénale internationale". Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT3016.
Testo completoThe referral to the International Criminal Court refers to all the opening mechanisms of the international criminal trial. It officially comes from the writ of summons which can be the fact of States parties in the Status, of the UN Security Council and the Prosecutor. The procedures undertaken following the Court referrals have for purpose to locate the individual criminal responsibility and to repress the massive violations of the human rights and the international humanitarian law. The assessment of the selective referrals allows to reveal the slowness of the current procedures. If this slowness has endogenous reasons, it is explained, in the exogenous plan, by the complex relationships that the jurisdiction maintains with States towards the principle of Complementarity. It is the same about the influence of the UN Security Council on the jurisdiction of the Court and the referrals processing. Moreover, because of the questionable performance of the obligation of cooperation by States, the ICC insures with difficulty the objective of the fight against the impunity for serious crimes. In any case, the development of the Court referral is dependent on an optimal application of the statutory disposals and a rebalance of relationships between States, Security Council and Court
Torosyan, Anzhela. "La sécurité énergétique et le droit international". Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020072.
Testo completoA non-legal concept, energy security, has traditionally been defined as security of supply, which consists in ensuring the continuity of the supply of energy resources, in view of the different risks and challenges facing this process. Indeed, energy security refers not only to the security of supply, access to resources, production, processing, transport and distribution of energy resources. In addition, the concept of energy security is an ambivalent concept because of the status of these energy resources, being both essential resources for any human community and a potential factor in conflict and geopolitics between the States. Given the strategic importance of energy and the political sensitivity of the energy sector, including issues related to maintaining sovereignty over natural and energy resources, the difficulties associated with the cross-border transit of these resources raise the question of what is the role of international law in the policy aimed at ensuring energy security. This is even more relevant considering the escalation of political conflicts and tensions between states and non-state actors playing an important role in energy supply: the case of the ongoing situation between Ukraine and Russia is one of the most relevant and recent examples. The governance of the energy sector becomes more complicated considering that there is no harmonized legal framework assuring the regulation of cross-border energy activities constituting the core of the energy security on international level. This said, the purpose is, first, to trace the evolution of international cooperation in the energy sector and, further, to determine to what extent the rules of international law today are adapted to the energy sector? How the international law can contribute to resolve the politically sensitive disputes related with the interruption of energy resources flows (transit)? What role can play the multilateral rules of international trade and investment law in order to secure the free and unrestricted trade and foreign investments in energy sector? Moreover, nowadays, the notion of energy security goes beyond its traditional conception of security of supply, considering the fight against global climate change and the protection of the environment. In addition, to what extent are environmental protection and sustainable development policy in line with the concept of energy security? This thesis aims to study the concept of energy security from a historical perspective and from the perspective of the role of law in the development of this concept. This thesis aims to study the concept of energy security from a historical, geopolitical point of view and, above all, from the perspective of the role of international law in the development of this concept. It also aims to assess the example of the European Union's regional cooperation and the progressive construction of the European Union's energy policy and its impact on the state of energy markets and international relations in the energy sector
Shin, Jae-Sung. "Les chances de l'adaptation du modèle de sécurité européenne à l'Asie du Nord-Est". Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010260.
Testo completoYadeta, Meseret Demissie. "Enjeux géopolitiques, stratégiques et juridiques du développement des eaux du Nil et la sécurité nationale : conflit et coopération tripartite entre l'Éthiopie, l'Égypte et le Soudan, 1959-2006". Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010345.
Testo completoOllier, Sylvain. "L'observation internationale des élections dans la région de l'OSCE : Contribution à l’étude de l'effectivité du contrôle électoral international". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON10014.
Testo completoSince the end of the Cold War, international election observation has grown exponentially worldwide and especially within the region formed by the 56 participating States of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. Due to the concomitant action of multiple and heterogeneous actors, this activity is characterized by the development of various procedures for inter-institutional cooperation but efforts are still needed in order to always ensure the consistency of the message delivered. The control operated is based on a wealth of international legal and political commitments which constitute a genuine international electoral law, constantly enriched by the dynamic jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. The methodology underlying the assessments made by the observers has acquired a high reliability and these succeed in most cases to avoid the trap of politicized findings. However, the impact of electoral observation missions remains unequal, undermining the effectiveness of the whole control mechanism. Many devices, whether technical, political or judicial, exist for the follow-up of recommendations, but their implementation often reveals a lack of rigor. In addition, if the mechanism of democratic conditionality established by the European Union can effectively relay the findings of election observers in the context of the accession procedure, it suffers from an inconsistent application in the field of European Neighbourhood Policy. It follows a marginal influence of international election observation on authoritarian states of the OSCE area
Gautier, Budai Anne-Elisabeth. "Les instruments internationaux de lutte contre la criminalité organisée en Europe du Sud-Est". Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010302.
Testo completoGodame, Michel. "La politique de sécurité de la Communauté Économique et Monétaire de l'Afrique centrale (CEMAC) : essai sur le renforcement des mécanismes de coopération entre les États membres". Lyon 3, 2008. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2008_in_godame_m.pdf.
Testo completoThis thesis wants, in form of essay, to question the strengthening of cooperation's mecanisms among the six memberships (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Chad), in the centre of the current debate on citizenship and exclusion, affirmation of national identities and integration. It emphasizes, in the first part, the failure's factories of the Custom and Economic Union of Central Africa : the difficult equation nation – federation, the unworkable liberalism which have placed its memberships in (the) « midstream » between the marginality following the globalization's increasing and the new desire for union, the current projects. It points, in the second part and through the CEMAC's promise, to give a better future, by the construction of a real fate's Community founded on the economic and institutional peace. By the way, this thesis would like to show also that the national policies have a distant rapport with the nature or the essence of the integration, even if they have their ideological and historical importance, which remain, therefore, a conventional and unstable process. We are going to analyse these arbitrary constructions which are become the popular beliefs in order to show the desirable direction to the memberships. This work wants finally to criticise the national policies which vacillate between the respect of national sovereignties based on a political victory (the decolonization and the independence) and the will to take up the challenge of the economic and social development resulting of this failure's political victory. In other words, the will to found the collective identity as in a meeting place. The CEMAC's promise will be certainly in this overtaking or passing's effort of local and national identities
Maertens, Lucile. "Quand le Bleu passe au vert : la sécurisation de l’environnement à l’ONU". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0032.
Testo completoFor decades, the United Nations (UN) – its member states, its programs and its personnel – have been concerned with how the environment and security are linked. However, academic research does not offer an extensive analysis of the ways environmental issues have been promoted within the UN security agenda. Likewise, the literature on the construction of security issues does not provide comprehensive insight on the role of international organizations in the securitization process. This dissertation aims to fill these gaps. Based on a grounded theory approach and ethnographic methods – participant observations, semi-structured interviews – it investigates the integration of the environment into the definition and management of security within the UN, from the inside. First, research has revealed governments, organizations and individuals have multiple and sometimes competing motives. Second, at the UN, environmental securitization occurs through four main modalities: discursive securitization, institutional securitization, technical securitization, reverse securitization. Efforts to promote securitization may be opposed by the member states or competing UN agencies if such moves are counter to their interests. However, although few effects were observed on the global environmental governance system, securitizing moves are not inconsequential: they promote institutional change for securitizing actors and participate in building a "symbolic order" consisting of obligations and interdependence
Debure, Antoine. "Crédibiliser pour expertiser : le Codex Alimentarius et les comités d'experts FAO-OMS dans la production réglementaire internationale de sécurité sanitaire des aliments". Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0054.
Testo completoThe scientific expertise, produced for the Codex Alimentarius by international committees of the FAO and the WHO, has a growing central role in the regulation of food production and international trade. It is this role and the questions arising from the relation between science and policy that this research work explores by analyzing the “credibilization processes” of expertise. The theoretical framework articulates Sociology of organizations, Sociology of science as well as central concepts of political sociology. The relationship between science and policy is known to be unstable. The FAO-WHO’s expertise is even more unstable with regard to its participation in the international normalization/standardization which has an enforceable power over national regulation systems. This dissertation demonstrates that the “credibilization processes” in which different actors are involved (experts, institutions, regulators, industries, consumers…) enables to reduce this instability. By engaging in these processes, actors obtain the resources to negotiate their position in the relationship to their advantage, and are able to avoid criticism at the same time. We consider the “credibilization processes” as a set of strategies aiming at strengthening “the subject’s ability to state and to take action”, a notion that exceeds the limits of “authority” and “legitimacy”, other central notions. Processes are grasped by analyzing strategies and behavior of institutions as well as experts in their transnational networks and in the course of FAO-WHO collective expertise. The “credibilization processes” rest upon three interdependent dimensions: a procedural credibilization, a collaborative credibilization and a deliberative credibilization. This research illustrates an expertise that is inseparable from the “credibilization processes”. The credibilization is both the result of interdependencies along the expertise, and a prerequisite for interdependencies to exist in order to produce an expertise. The “credibilization processes” analysis unveils a plural expertise, more specifically in between a “traditional” model and a “precautionary” model. Finally, this dissertation questions the relevance of maintaining science and policy separated; a separation always reasserted by national and international authorities, but remaining however implicitly adjusted in practice
Diallo, Abdoul Salam. "La sécurisation alimentaire des pays d'Afrique sub-saharienne par la maîtrise de l'instabilité des prix des matières premières agricoles : une perspective économétrique". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON10027.
Testo completoIn our thesis, we assume that African Sub-saharan countries' food security status can be enhanced through a better management of agricultural commodities prices instability, which constitutes the basic food basket of local populations. To this aim, we initially review the dynamics of agricultural markets and the role played by “prices” in this mechanism as well as the existing linkages between unstable price trends and the notion of food insecurity. Focus is then directed to the relationship between “food insecurity” and the regulation of the agricultural sector, in particular within international trade theory frameworks.Finally, we proceed to the assessment of “food insecurity” through the empirical analysis of the instabilities affecting food prices of the region, and also that of price transmission and linkages within and between countries. We then highlight prices instabilities at individual (country) level, as well as the linkage of these prices (therefore of their unstable components) between the various constituents of the basic food basket of a given country, or that of neighboring countries.All along our thesis, food insecurity resilience measures for these countries are suggested. These measures are believed to potentially serve as initial steps in the establishment of national and regional agricultural policies aiming at attaining/safeguarding food security in African sub-Saharan countries
Tokarskiy, Eduard. "La Russie au Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies 1991-2017". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL055.
Testo completoAfter the end of the Cold War, the situation at the global geopolitical arena has changed dramatically. The USSR has gone down in history. The UN and its Security Council began to function effectively in the absence of confrontation between the blocs. However, for Russia, as the continuer of the USSR, the fall of the empire turned out to be difficult. The country lost most of its influence but managed to retain a permanent seat in the Security Council. This seat allowed Russia to compensate for its relative weakness and influence global processes to form a stable world order and realize its national interests through the broadest multilateral cooperation. This study is devoted to the question of Russian policy in the UN Security Council in the period after the end of the Cold War and up to the second half of the 2010s. The task is to understand the Russian approach to the functioning of the Security Council, to show and explain its transformation, as well as to assess changes in Russia's foreign policy over the relevant period. Based on the UN archives, the testimonies of diplomats and experts, Russian and Western historical and scientific literature, we study in this dissertation the evolution of Russian politics in one of the main multilateral bodies of the world, as well as the relevant changes at the international scene between 1991 and 2017
Bailbe, Philippe. "Du maintien de la paix à la gestion des crises : la force de police européenne". Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE0051.
Testo completoExperiences in international peacekeeping operations, particularly in the Balkans, have demonstrated that the most demanding challenge facing the international community is not warfighting but rather the enforcement and building of peace. For these tasks, a military response alone is not sufficient. Conflicts such as Kosovo, East Timor and Iraq illustrate the particular difficulties in post-crisis management and prevention of further conflict. Attention has focused, in particular, on the lack of international capacity in policing after conflict. The analysis, through the case study of the European Union police missions, stresses the challenges of post-conflict situation normalisation, of social link reconstruction and of state main functions reactivation. Furthermore, it points up in the same time the accuration of EU global crisis management concept and the need of a more political Europe, able to meet its commitment to a contribution to international peace and security
Sciascia, Alban. ""Gotong royong" : la coopération sécuritaire américano-indonésienne depuis 2001. Analyse d'un partenariat stratégique en devenir par le prisme de la sécurité maritime". Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENSL0763.
Testo completoIn this study, we tried to determine the exact level of involvement of Washington in Indonesia’s security. We wondered how United States could go back in Indonesian political and security games through a common cause, maritime security.. After considering indonesian maritime history and the rise of threats to maritime domain, we concluded that the securitisation of maritime realm appears as a security leitmotiv for both Washington and Jakarta. Facing with the vagaries of regional cooperation and with difficulties related to the archipelagic geography of the country and the lack of capacity, securising indonesian maritime domain requires the involvement of an external actor. By succeeding in persuading their counterparts in Jakarta of the necessity of securing the maritime domain, men and women of the U.S. Department of Defense, State Department and other agencies have allowed Washington to be back into Indonesia’s security game through an all-out cooperation
Doëns, Christine. "La recevabilité des actions devant la Cour pénale internationale". Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0468.
Testo completoAdmissibility is the heart of the judicial process. It studies the criminalization of international life. It seems to account for the judicial response to the international resentment against the great criminal acts, whatever was the territory of commission.This thesis deals with the notion of admissibility before the ICC. With the creation of the ICC, International Criminal Justice is a new dimension. The practice of the Court is still new. The study is an excuse to investigate the operation of the ICC. States have tried to limit the ability to receive from the Court. They did so based on the principle of complementarity. It compensates the action or inaction of failing states, which have a duty to prosecute international crimes. Article 17 RS sets out exceptions to declare a case admissible before the ICC. Thus, the admissibility of a case which is the subject of an investigation will be accepted only, if it is shown that States did not intend genuinely to carry out prosecutions. And that furthermore, the threshold of gravity of a case is reached. The universal nature of the jurisdiction of the ICC is undermined by the conditions of admissibility. Analyzing the admissibility of competence as a condition rightly, for it is the failure of the state to ensure effective prosecution to justify that the case will be declared by the Court itself, admissible. The requirements for the Court to act, it is clear involvement of the system of admissibility as on the organization of the Court that its relationship with the United States. These are not insignificant. In fact, the system will evolve admissibility. It is characterized by its ability to influence the law. Thus, the decision to receive should encourage States to adapt their domestic law. The viability of the Court, in the long run depends on maintaining a synergy of cooperation with national courts of States Parties and other States. The system of admissibility tends to highlight indicators emerging in the practice of the International Criminal Court. This is especially striking realignment of the roles of international actors and the new relationship established between the States and the Court. The system of admissibility of the Court tends to erode the principle of state sovereignty, without itself being swept by the opposition of sovereign states
Fescharek, Nicolas. "European role convergence by default ? : the contributions of the EU Member States to security provision and Security Sector Reform during the military intervention in Afghanistan (2001-2014)". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0009/document.
Testo completoBased on a collective engagement that has lasted since 2001, this thesis looks at the role(s) of the EU Member States (MS) in the provision of security during the intervention in Afghanistan (2001-2014). It analyzes their national and collective contribution(s) to Afghanistan’s post-2001 national security and Security Sector Reform (SSR), from military and police training to peace keeping, war fighting and diplomatic initiatives. The dissertation shows the MS played an important role in security provision, but their collective impact was largely the result of synergies between national contributions that occurred outside of European dynamics or policy planning. US campaign leadership was an important enabler of this collective European role by default. The dissertation also advances a theoretical-conceptual argument: Far from being an impediment to a European role in security and defense, the absence of a European policy or project acted as an important enabler of behavioral convergence once a US lead could be relied upon. This behavioral convergence in security and defense occurred despite the great strategic cultural divergence between the MS. It consisted of, and was driven by, joined-up action on an opt-in/opt-out basis, while a collective European policy was not necessary
Langlois, Francis. "Gravity, good governance, political affinity, economic interests and food aid : do categories and delivery modes matter?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27727/27727.pdf.
Testo completoSince food aid can mitigate the unfortunate consequences of food shortages in certain countries, the importance of such programs is crucial. However, what are the factors conditioning the volume of food aid sent to potential recipient countries? This innovative study will answer this question by applying the gravity model, often used to explain international trade patterns in distribution of international food aid. Indeed, in considering the 15 largest national programs of food donations, this study will test the impact of the distance between donators and receivers, as well as the impact of the populations of each, on the decision to send or not to send food aid. In addition, this thesis will outline new hypotheses that have been hitherto omitted from the literature, and will propose a more efficient methodology to study the phenomenon. Among others we find that gravity, good governance, needs, political affinity and economic interests matter in the food aid distribution patterns but that their influence vary across food aid categories and delivery modes. We also find that when donors give food from their own production they are less fussy about whether they are helping a friendly country or an economically closed country because in fact they are helping their own economy.
Mühlenhöver, Emmanuelle. "Origines, fonctions et trajectoires de l'argument environnemental en politique étrangère : le cas des diplomaties électronucléaires françaises et américaines de Tchernobyl à La Haye". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001IEPP0035.
Testo completoRayroux, Antoine. "Pratiques et usages de l'Europe dans le maintien de la paix : la coopération franco-irlandaise au Tchad". Thèse, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10126.
Testo completoThis dissertation is about European Union-led military operations and their effects on two issues: processes of Europeanization and the evolution of peacekeeping. For rational choice scholars, Europeanization reflects the preferences of Europe’s main powers, which impose those preferences on other states, especially when it comes to defence policies. On the opposite, constructivists argue that handling international crises collectively results in adaptations and a certain rapprochement of national ways to do things. To sort out this debate, this research puts forward and defends a sociological approach to EU military operations, which is inspired by the practice turn in international relations and usages of Europe in European studies. This approach emphasizes the context of interaction, actors’ social strategies, and the merits of an interpretive method grounded in actors’ experiences. The empirical demonstration rests upon a qualitative and comparative analysis of two most different cases: French and Irish actors during the military operation EUFOR Tchad/RCA, in which they got involved. The research concludes that Europeanization is not a linear and homogenous phenomenon, and that its shape mostly depends on the context and actors under scrutiny. At the political and decisional level (in Brussels), national logics prevail, and each actor tries to take advantage of its opportune resources (material, ideal, symbolic) in order to enforce its national preferences. However, the further one moves away from Brussels (towards the operation’s headquarters or the field), the more military actors – the main actors concerned with EU operations – develop common practices that come on top of their national singularities. The operational context of peacekeeping yields dynamics of socialization and learning, which themselves make common usages of military Europe possible. These usages make up the grounds of a “European” approach to peacekeeping, which is a hybrid combination of existing practices imported from other contexts (national, NATO, UN) and new, EU-specific practices. However, this Europeanization tends to remain mostly at the military’s level. It does not bring about convergence at the formal, political and decisional level, where national dynamics still prevail.
Thèse réalisé en cotutelle avec l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Belgique)
Meniaoui, Nora. "De l'obsession sécuritaire européenne au besoin de prospérité maghrébin : plaidoyer pour un réel dialogue euro-maghrébin". Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00405475.
Testo completoHunsmann, Moritz. "Depoliticising an epidemic : international AIDS control and the politics of health in Tanzania". Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0021.
Testo completoAlDS-control strategies in sub-Saharan Africa involve crucial national political compromises. Yet, they are frequently formulated in heteronymous settings dominated by Western donor agencies. Drawing on a case study of Tanzania, a country whose response to the epidemic is 97% donor-funded, this thesis develops a political economy of international AIDS control. It explores some of the specifically political aspects of the struggle against HIV/AIDS in Tanzania by analysing the formulation of national 1-llV-prévention and treatment policies, and confronting these policies with a critical review of their biological and epidemiological foundations. The fieldwork combines a series of 92 in-depth interviews with key policymakers at the national level with the observation of AIDS-related decision processes in donor-government meetings. In this way, this \l1ésis analyses the unequal political attention given to different causal stories of the spread of HIV, and their impact on the use of evidence in the formulation of prevention policies. Moreover, it describes how AIDS policymakers adopt non-decision strategies when faced with the intricate trade-offs imposed by the inescapable prioritization of HIV-prevention and -treatment interventions in a context of insufficient resources. Finally, developing upon an analysis of the controversy among players about the effects of international AIDS control on the overall coherence of national health policies, the thesis explores the contradictions of a vertical AIDS response in a context of dysfunctional health systems and poor general population health. On this basis, it examines the possibilities to elaborate an emancipatory critique
Hoeffler, Catherine. "Les politiques d'armement en Europe : "l'Adieu aux armes" de l'État nation ? : une comparaison entre l'Allemagne, la France, le Royaume-Uni et l'Union européenne de 1976 à 2010". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0016.
Testo completoThe topic of this dissertation in political science is the transformation of defence procurement policies in Germany, France, the UK, as well as at the European level, from 1976 to 2010. It is based on the analysis of national institutional changes as well as evolutions in European co-oeperative programmes through the cases of antitank missiles TRIGAT programmes. This study examines the redefinition of the role and instruments of States in this policy sector as they are confronted to European developments (OCCAR, European defence agency, and the directive on public contracts for defence procurement) and to national liberal reforms (privatization, new public management). In so doing, it explains why governments initiate these changes, and analyses the concrete machinery of cooperation. It shows that the apparently increasing role of Europe can be explained by a process characterized by a « double movement » : on the one hand, the implementation of liberal reforms, on the other hand, the strengthening of governmental strategies of defence industrial policies. The multiplication of arenas and modes of coordination indicates the evolution of state-led strategies of « economic patriotism », in their traditional and liberal versions, at various levels. Rather than a policy transfer from one level to another, these developments create a multi-level European governance that cannot be reduced to the European Union. In this context, governments remain crucial, while European organizations participate to a negative integration based on market making
Maertens, Lucile. "Quand le Bleu passe au vert : la sécurisation de l’environnement à l’ONU". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0032.
Testo completoFor decades, the United Nations (UN) – its member states, its programs and its personnel – have been concerned with how the environment and security are linked. However, academic research does not offer an extensive analysis of the ways environmental issues have been promoted within the UN security agenda. Likewise, the literature on the construction of security issues does not provide comprehensive insight on the role of international organizations in the securitization process. This dissertation aims to fill these gaps. Based on a grounded theory approach and ethnographic methods – participant observations, semi-structured interviews – it investigates the integration of the environment into the definition and management of security within the UN, from the inside. First, research has revealed governments, organizations and individuals have multiple and sometimes competing motives. Second, at the UN, environmental securitization occurs through four main modalities: discursive securitization, institutional securitization, technical securitization, reverse securitization. Efforts to promote securitization may be opposed by the member states or competing UN agencies if such moves are counter to their interests. However, although few effects were observed on the global environmental governance system, securitizing moves are not inconsequential: they promote institutional change for securitizing actors and participate in building a "symbolic order" consisting of obligations and interdependence
Mangin, Maïlys. "La conversion de l'AIEA à la lutte contre la prolifération nucléaire : une internationalisation tactique des jeux gouvernementaux nord-américains, d'Atoms for peace aux sanctions contre les « Atomic ayatollahs »". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILD024.
Testo completoThis thesis analyzes the transformations of the IAEA's (International Atomic Energy Agency) nuclear non-proliferation missions and the uses to which they are put, from its creation during the Cold War to the Iranian nuclear crisis. It exposes the social foundations of a process of politicization of the IAEA, characterized by the intensification and conflictualization of exchanges of blows between the social actors and sectors that mobilize the institutional resources of this IO. Drawing on a variety of interviews and archives, the thesis sheds light on the constraints that this politicization context exerts on the perceptions and practices of actors both inside and outside the IAEA's institutional boundaries. The thesis first traces how the bipolar system, and then its collapse, influenced the way in which North American foreign policy actors addressed the problem of nuclear proliferation, and structured the ways in which the IAEA was mobilized in this respect. After having been a by-product of the United States' civilian nuclear export policy, the IAEA's non-proliferation activities were called into question as part of US struggles to restructure post-Cold War foreign policy in the Middle East. This thesis then analyzes how this politicization process, as a logic of situation, structures the way in which the IAEA's expertise is produced and mobilized in the context of the Iranian dossier. It shows that the IAEA's investigation in Iran, from 2003 onwards, is as much an autonomous technical process as a fuel for the competition to define (un)acceptable Iranian nuclear activities. In this respect, this thesis proposes an alternative to “circulatory” sociology, substituting the study of import-export logics between national spaces with that of tactical interdependence between social spaces with no geographical proximity. Going beyond the opposition between instrumental uses and legitimizing virtues of IOs, this approach helps to renew the analysis of the strategic uses of IOs and their effects
Sartini, Tony. "Les réseaux criminels entre logiques économiques et logiques ethno-culturelles". Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020061.
Testo completoCriminal networks between economic and cultural logics The criminological tradition readily conceives crime as an individual fact. Unlike this conception, this thesis proposes to understand the crime as a social and political fact. The traditional materialistic and culturalist models were able to account for the explanatory economic and cultural variables of the crime. However, they have insufficiently taken into account this fundamental fact that criminal activity is, in its mass, a group activity. In particular, they are struggling to explain the over-representation of minorities-especially ethnic-in crime. A sociometric model called "Criminal embeddedness" shows how the sociability of minorities gives comparative advantages to such minorities in organized crime.Because it is primarily a phenomenon of networks, crime is thus explained by understanding the economic logics that motivate members of criminal networks, but also the ethno-cultural logics that structure them. Such logics are always prevalent in the contemporary world, characterized by globalization, the more virtual nature of trade, communitarianism and terrorism. These economic and cultural logics were not sufficiently taken into account by public security policies in France, in particular in urban governance and in criminal intelligence policies. This is largely due to the French model, which is struggling to grasp the logic of crime in a pragmatic way, and to take into account ethnicity
Eppreh-Butet, Raphaël T. Yaovi. "La gestion de l’immigration illégale aux Etats-Unis d’Amérique et au Canada : l’amnistie comme une solution au problème de la migration irrégulière". Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030090.
Testo completoThe United States of America [Immigration Reform and Control Act, 1986] and Canada [Adjustment of Status Program, 1973] resorted to amnesty in order to curb the growing complexities of illegal immigration. What was the impact of the legalization program, and the stakes relating to immigration in the United States and Canada ?
Chabbi, Mourad. "Surpuissance et sous-complexe régional : application pour une étude sécuritaire de l'Iran au sein du Golfe depuis 1989". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30062.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with the evolution of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s behavior in its region, this behavior being considered as the main international problem of the last decade. This research will focus on the Gulf Region and more precisely on the interaction existing between Iran and its immediate environment. The idea behind this work is that Iran’s political and safety evolution has been influenced by the issues arising from the intrusion of a global player. More precisely, this work intends to highlight a strong correlation between, on the one hand, theories coming from the analysis of safety aspects and, on the other hand, the evolution of Iran’s positioning within the new structure of the international system
Agrebi, Meriem. "Le cadre juridique contemporain de la lutte contre la piraterie maritime". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAA019.
Testo completoNeither the crime of piracy nor its repression are recent. The upsurge of this ancient form of criminality underlines new aspects which call the readaptation of the legal rules governing its repression. In addition to its traditional regime, new rules were consequently developped, reflecting contemporary modes of normative production and incorporating the action of non-State structures and actors. Because piracy is not exclusively a legal issue but rather encompasses several broader structural problematics, the fight against piracy requires on the other hand a global and comprehensive approach. This approach associates short-term security and judicial aspects, as well as long-term strategies going beyong simply containing piracy as a transnational threat to maritime security to ensure further stability
Gomis, François. "Les nouveaux défis et enjeux de la politique étrangère de la France en Afrique francophone subsaharienne". Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05D020.
Testo completoFrom 1960s to the end of the cold war, even beyond, the influence even the supremacy of France in the French-speaking territories in Sub-Saharan Africa is almost total. However, in this 21st century, the world competition in the research of new markets and the security of the energy supply leads inexorably the great powers to enter in “conflict of interests” by the mutual penetration of the “back-yards”. This is particularly true for France which has countries such as the United States, China, India, Brazil, Turkey, the Gulf Arab States, etc., to make a dramatic entrance in a geographical area where she judged it for a long time as her “exclusive domain” considering the historical, linguistic and political links. These new challenges and issues for the African policy of France are measured from now on, in the light of the transformations at work in the world with the globalization and the emergence of new powers of the South. The challenges and the issues are important for the external action of France and its place in the World, considering the fierce competition between new stakeholders and the ongoing African society changes. Nevertheless it still has economic, diplomatic and strategic assets which enable him to elaborate, thanks to the francophone cultural center, an original project, ambitious and promising. With this aim in mind, it will be necessary to answer to the two following questions: How to reform this traditional policy based on close and privileged relationships with African leaders without compromising, however, the comparative advantages of France on the spot? Which political strategy has to be implemented in order to identify the real common interests of the French and the French-speaking Africans, by taking into account the opportunities and threats, and to develop them in a mutually beneficial partnership?
Tankoua, Roméo. "Criminalité et justice pénale dans l'espace CEMAC : de l'expérience nationale à l'ouverture communautaire du droit criminel". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAA024.
Testo completoThe dynamics of economic integration in CEMAC’s region is based on free movement of people, goods and capital. Helped by the opening of the borders, people are free to move from one country to another for economic and security reasons. This is the consequence of instability in many countries such as Central African Republic, Chad and Congo. The major problem is that, how to manage delinquency specially the prevention or the repression of the national and the cross border criminality? In fact, it is nowadays advisable not to allow the countries which are welcoming foreigners to behave as a paradise in such a way that, those who have troubled the national order should not be punished. Even though at the national level there are still some misunderstandings concerning the criminal law. At the national level and particularly as far as Cameroon is concerned, the main aim which is to fight against criminality has many problems, especially modernity way through which our court is passing. According to the Cameroon (new Code of criminal procedure of july 2005), CAR (two new codes, penal and criminal procedure, 2010) and Chad (Prajust, 2008) . As far as community is concerned, CEMAC has really specialize, in police cooperation, which is necessary to over pass all the transgression, which are caused by social nuisants. Actually, the legislator can capitalize the expertise of OHADA’s book, and open himself to European Union experience
Fathally, Jabeur. "Les principes du droit international musulman et la protection des populations civiles en cas de conflits armés : de la binarité guerrière au Droit de Genève. Histoire d’une convergence". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20696.
Testo completoSt-Laurent, Mathieu. "Les dynamiques globales de recherche de puissance dans la mise en place d'un système de défense antimissile multidimensionnel et global". Mémoire, 2006. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2968/1/M9347.pdf.
Testo completoDeschambault, Joëlle. "Sécurité et développement dans la politique de coopération internationale : une approche biopolitique : le cas du Canada en Haïti (1994-2008)". Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2381/1/M11062.pdf.
Testo completoBarsalou, Mathieu. "La coordination de la politique canadienne de renseignement dans le cadre de relations de coopération institutionnalisées". Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1367/1/M10330.pdf.
Testo completoCrevier, Bélanger Jules. "L'unilatéralisme américain et l'avenir de la communauté transatlantique". Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1310/1/M10383.pdf.
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