Articoli di riviste: "Section of Urban"

1

Carreiro, Margaret M. "URBAN ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY SECTION". Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 85, n. 4 (ottobre 2004): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9623(2004)85[197a:uees]2.0.co;2.

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Donnelly, Roarke. "URBAN ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY SECTION". Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 86, n. 4 (ottobre 2005): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9623(2005)86[271a:uees]2.0.co;2.

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Donnelly, Roarke. "URBAN ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY SECTION". Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 87, n. 4 (ottobre 2006): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9623(2006)87[315a:uees]2.0.co;2.

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Zipperer, Wayne. "Urban Ecosystem Ecology Section". Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 89, n. 4 (ottobre 2008): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9623(2008)89[379a:uees]2.0.co;2.

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5

Sushmitha, Ramireddy, Seelam Srikanth e B. Varalakshmi. "Quantification of Congestion and Level of Service Determination for Urban Road Infrastructure". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1280, n. 1 (1 dicembre 2023): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1280/1/012046.

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Abstract Level of Service is an important measure for describing traffic condition in terms of travel time, speed, convenience, comfort, and safety. The aim of present study is to measure the congestion in mid-block sections using the corresponding average speed values and determine the LOS of the mid-block sections of urban roads based on v/c values. Three mid-block sections were chosen and video-recording method was used for collecting data. Based on the average speed values the level of congestion was determined and the level of service of each mid-block section was also determined by using the v/c ratios. No/low level of congestion was observed in Section- I and Section-III whereas moderate congestion was observed in Section-II. As a result of congestion, fuel consumption will be more, which in turn causes air pollution. When the dynamic PCU values were used for v/c determination, the LOS was A in all the sections.

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Yin, Xiao Tong, Chao Qun Ma e Liang Peng Qu. "The Analysis of Urban Road Traffic State Based on Kinds Floating Car Data". Applied Mechanics and Materials 694 (novembre 2014): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.694.80.

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The analysis of the unban road traffic state based on kinds of floating car data, is based on the model and algorithm of floating car data preprocessing and map matching, etc. Firstly, according to the characteristics of the different types of urban road, the urban road section division has been carried on the elaboration and optimization. And this paper introduces the method of calculating the section average speed with single floating car data, also applies the dynamic consolidation of sections to estimate the section average velocity.Then the minimum sample size of floating car data is studied, and section average velocity estimation model based on single type of floating car data in the different case of floating car data sample sizes has been built. Finally, the section average speed of floating car in different types is fitted to the section average car speed by the least square method, using section average speed as the judgment standard, the grade division standard of urban road traffic state is established to obtain the information of road traffic state.

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Hamid, Shahnaz. "A Micro Analysis of Demand-side Determinants of Schooling in Urban Pakistan". Pakistan Development Review 32, n. 4II (1 dicembre 1993): 713–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v32i4iipp.713-723.

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Investment in human capital is as important for growth as physical capital. The objective of this paper is to establish the importance of some factors, that affect the decision of a household to send their children who are of school going age, between 5-14 years, to school in urban areas. This paper is divided into five sections, Section 2 reviews the relevant schooling literature for Pakistan. Section 3 points some theoretical hypotheses describing the data and Section 4 presents the analysis, and finally Section 5 presents some conclusions.

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Cady, R. Marcus. "Drilling Into the Issues: A Critical Analysis of Urban Drilling’s Legal, Environmental, and Regulatory Implications". Texas Wesleyan Law Review 16, n. 1 (ottobre 2009): 127–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/twlr.v16.i1.10.

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This paper will aggregate and discuss some of those issues, including Fort Worth's attempt to balance the benefits and burdens of urban drilling. Section I will explain the significant advantages associated with increased production of natural gas. Section II will present a general overview of the Barnett Shale. Section III will detail some of the legal doctrines relative to oil and gas, land use, and water rights. Section IV will cover some of the potential environmental impacts of urban drilling on the community. Section V will review and analyze pertinent sections of Fort Worth's municipal drilling ordinance, along with some commentary regarding the effectiveness of the ordinance. Section VI will explore whether a prohibitive drilling ordinance rises to the level of a regulatory taking. Finally, a brief conclusion will be offered in Section VII weighing the benefits of urban gas production against the potential for environmental harm. Ultimately, this paper is driven by the need to define the proper balance between the advantages of increased natural gas production and the potential environmental and legal impacts of urban drilling. However, the balance depends on the proper regulation of urban drilling through prudent municipal ordinances. Municipalities must be vigilant in enforcing their police power by enacting effective drilling ordinances, but must also use discretion in order to avoid takings claims and conflicts with state laws, which have historically favored the dominance of the mineral estate.

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Li, Maosheng, e Chen Zhang. "An Urban Metro Section Flow Forecasting Method Combining Time Series Decomposition and a Generative Adversarial Network". Sustainability 16, n. 2 (10 gennaio 2024): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16020607.

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Urban metro cross-section flow is the passenger flow that travels through a metro section. Its volume is a critical parameter for planning operation diagrams and improving the service quality of urban subway systems. This makes it possible to better plan the drive for the sustainable development of a city. This paper proposes an improved model for predicting urban metro section flow, combining time series decomposition and a generative adversarial network. First, an urban metro section flow sequence is decomposed using EMD (Empirical Mode Decomposition) into several IMFs (Intrinsic Mode Functions) and a trend function. The sum of all the IMF components is treated as the periodic component, and the trend function is considered the trend component, which are fitted by Fourier series function and spline interpolation, respectively. By subtracting the sum of the periodic and trend components from the urban metro section flow sequence, the error is regarded as the residual component. Finally, a GAN (generative adversarial network) based on the fusion graph convolutional neural network is used to predict the new residual component, which considers the spatial correlation between different sites of urban metro sections. The Chengdu urban metro system data in China show that the proposed model, through incorporating EMD and a generative adversarial network, achieves a 15–20% improvement in prediction accuracy at the cost of a 10% increase in the calculation time, meaning it demonstrates good prediction accuracy and reliability.

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Ruziman, Hasya Hannani, Asmida Ismail, Azian Mohti, Muhammad Fuad Abdullah e Faezah Pardi. "Toward Healthy Urban Streets: Richness of Roadside Tree Species in Industrial Area of Shah Alam, Selangor". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1217, n. 1 (1 luglio 2023): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1217/1/012022.

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Abstract Roadside trees are distinct component of urban forests, providing benefits to reduce radiation heat and air pollution. However, urban settlements due to overpopulation might affect the abundance of roadside trees. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the species richness and diversity of roadside trees in Shah Alam. All trees with 1-metre height and above in Section 15 and 16 were measured and identified as referred to the Landscape Department of Shah Alam City Council (MBSA) computerised database. The data was analysed for their taxonomic composition and species diversity. A total of 5,523 trees were recorded where 4,087 trees in Section 15 and 1,426 trees in Section 16. Fabaceae was the most dominant family in both sections where their three leading species such as Peltophorum pterocarpum, Pterocarpus indicus, Roystonea regia accounted for 14.7% of the planted trees. Section 15 was relatively higher in taxonomic composition with 11 families and 25 species than Section 16, with 8 families and 18 species. The values for Species Diversity Index are considered high in both sections with 8.37 despite the environmental impact from the industrial activities. Thus, it is suggested that future research should include the potential risks of biodiversity loss for proper management practices in urban settings.

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Jiao, Fangtong, Zhigang Du, Haoran Zheng, Shoushuo Wang, Lei Han e Can Chen. "Visual Characteristics of Drivers at Different Sections of an Urban Underpass Tunnel Entrance: An Experimental Study". Sustainability 13, n. 9 (7 maggio 2021): 5224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095224.

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The increase in the number of traffic accidents due to the increasing number of urban underpass tunnels necessitate a better investigation of drivers’ visual characteristics when entering the tunnels. A total of 20 drivers were gathered to perform a real vehicle experiment in an urban underpass tunnel. The saccade angle, saccade frequency, and fixation time were selected as the research indexes. The urban underpass tunnel entrance was divided into five sections, namely the external straight line section, the upper half of the ramp, the lower half of the ramp, the shading shed section, and the entrance inner section. The results showed that the saccade angle and frequency of the ramp were significantly smaller than that of the external straight line and the tunnel interior, and the saccade range in front of the entrance was more concentrated. The changes in fixation time and the difference range of 15th-85th fixation time threshold in each section were analyzed. The fixation time of all sections was distributed within the range of 149.476 to 475.414 ms. The driver’s fixation was more and more concentrated when the sidewalls were higher and closer to the portal.

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Steinberger, Marília. "A (re)construção de mitos sobre a (in)sustentabilidade do(no) espaço urbano". Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais, n. 4 (31 maggio 2001): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2001n4p9.

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O trabalho parte de uma leitura do conhecimento produzido sobre meio ambiente, no âmbito dos Encontros da Anpur dos anos 90, para discutir a emergência do meio ambiente urbano como área de investigação que constrói e reconstrói mitos sobre a sustentabilidade ou insustentabilidade do espaço urbano. Para tanto, numa primeira seção, são analisados documentos que constituem o marco institucional da área e realiza-se um breve resgate de marcos teórico-conceituais estabelecidos em algumas disciplinas, sugerindo que eles devem ser desconstruídos, para que o meio ambiente urbano seja apreendido com um olhar baseado em uma racionalidade não-instrumental. Na seção seguinte, são discutidos os focos social-histórico e político-espacial de três pares de noções/conceitos: ambiente/meio ambiente, desenvolvimento sustentável/sustentabilidade e território/urbanização, para se chegar a um entendimento sobre sustentabilidade urbana. Tais focos orientam as questões centrais que perpassam a área: qualidade ambiental urbana, instrumentos de gestão ambiental e conflito de interesses entre os atores. À guisa de conclusão, mostra-se que, embora a maioria dos discursos sobre o meio ambiente urbano considere o espaço urbano como insustentável, há caminhos que apontam para uma definição da área.Palavras-chave: meio ambiente; sustentabilidade; espaço urbano. Abstract: The work is based on a study of knowledge concerning the environment, within the scope of the 1990s ANPUR Meetings, which discussed the emergence of the urban environment as a field of inquiry that constructs and reconstructs myths concerning the sustainability or unsustainability of urban space. To this end, the first section analyses documents which constitute the institutional imprint of the field, followed by a brief recollection of theoretical-conceptual landmarks established in some disciplines. It is suggested that these be deconstructed, so that the urban environment may be understood through a perspective based on a non-instrumental rationality. In the following section, the socio-historical and politico-spatial focuses of three pairs of notions/concepts are discussed: ambient-environment, sustainable development-sustainability and territory-urbanization, in order to arrive at an understanding of urban sustainability. Such focuses guide the central issues that are related to the field: urban environmental quality, instruments of environmental management and the conflict of interests among actors. In conclusion it is shown that, although most of the discourse on the urban environment considers urban space to be unsustainable, there are paths that point to a definition of the field.Keywords: environment; sustainability; urban space.

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Hamid, Shahnaz. "A Micro Analysis of Urban Child Labour: Some Determinants of Labour and its Conditions". Pakistan Development Review 33, n. 4II (1 dicembre 1994): 1249–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v33i4iipp.1249-1271.

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This paper focuses on (1) The estimation of urban child labour, (2) Analysis of its determinants, (3) Analysis of some of its conditions and their sectoral determinants, and finally puts forward some possible solutions. This paper is divided into four sections. Section 2 explains the conceptual and analytical framework and describes the data set. Section 3 analyses the empirical evidence and finally Section 4 gives the conclusions and recommendations.

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Deng, Liqi, e Liying Wei. "Short-term urban road congestion prediction considering temporal-spatial correlation". SHS Web of Conferences 163 (2023): 04035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202316304035.

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In order to address the gaps in the study of short-term urban road congestion prediction based on Baidu map real-time road condition data, a short-term prediction model for urban road congestion based on Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) and Weighted Markov Chains (WMC) is constructed by combining historical temporal correlation of urban road congestion data with spatial correlation between road sections. The model use the PCC method to filter out the spatially significantly related road sections from the upstream and downstream sections of the target road section and add them to the target road section data set as the data input of the WMC prediction model to achieve the short-term prediction of urban road congestion. The performances of the proposed models are validated by using manually collecting real-time road condition data from Baidu map. The research results show that the model integrate the spatial and temporal correlations in the urban road congestion data. Compared with other three prediction models, the prediction accuracy of the proposed model is improved by 3.096% on average, and the prediction error is reduced by 0.135 on average.

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Xu, Xiu Hua, Zheng Yi Ge e Chao Gao. "Optimization and Simulation Analysis of City Bottleneck Sections Based on VISSIM". Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (ottobre 2013): 1868–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.1868.

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As urban bottleneck sections are important reasons that contribute to urban traffic congestion, the effective solutions for them can greatly ease traffic congestion. After the convey of the present traffic and traffic flow of the Ba Liqiao segment of the Latitude 12th Road, which is the typical bottleneck section, the paper puts forward the optimization program and uses VISSIM to simulate the Ba Liqiao segment of Latitude the 12th Road of Jinan City. The optimized evaluation results of this bottleneck section are given out.

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Leno, Daniel W. A., Mamoudou E. Bah, Jerry C. Moumbagna, Tamba M. Millimouno, David Lamah, Alexandre Delamou e Telly Sy. "Evaluation of caesarean section practices according to Robson's 10-group classification at a level two maternity ward in Conakry, Guinea". International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, n. 11 (23 ottobre 2019): 4468. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20194877.

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Background: The frequency of caesarean sections (CS) increased dramatically in the world over the last twenty years. The objective of this study was to evaluate caesarean section practices based on Robson classification in an urban referral hospital in Conakry, GuineaMethods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 2,266 birthing records collected at the maternity ward of the Coronthie Communal Medical Center in Conakry, from January 1st to December 31st 2016. We included in the study all women who had a caesarean section and whose medical records were complete. Robson's classification was used to classify women into 10 groups based on maternal and fetal characteristics. The relative size of each group, its gross caesarean section rate as well as its contribution to overall caesarean section rate and the main caesarean section indications were calculated.Results: In 2016, 769 caesarean sections were performed out of 2,266 deliveries, corresponding to a hospital section rate of 33.9%. Groups 5 (11.0%), 1 (4.8%), and 3 (4.3%) of the Robson classification were the most contributors to registered hospital caesarean section rate. The main indications for caesarean section were uterine scar in group 5 and acute fetal distress in groups 1 and 3.Conclusions: The systematic reference to the Robson classification could help to identify and avoid the relative indications of the caesarean section in urban Guinea. Besides, increasing induction of labor and strengthening providers’ capacities in emergency obstetric and newborn care services could contribute to reduce caesarean section rates in Guinea.

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Sim, Jisoo. "Seeing Impacts of Park Design Strategies on Local Economy through Big Data: A Case Study of Gyeongui Line Forest Park in Seoul". Sustainability 12, n. 17 (19 agosto 2020): 6722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176722.

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Although big data has emerged as a crucial data source in urban studies, urban park-related studies still rarely use data such as that from card transactions. This study fills the gap between big data and park studies by using card transaction data within 400 m of the Gyeongui Line Forest Park in terms of economic benefits on local business. The authors divided the linear park into five sections according to each section’s design strategy to examine the relationship between the design features and card transaction behaviors. With the data, the authors analyzed the average ages of card users to understand average users’ age in each section. Results show the average ages increased from 2015 to 2017 in Sections 3–5 by years. Sections 1 and 2 describe decreasing of user ages by year, which means young generations visited Sections 1 and 2 For Section 1, amounts of average card transaction also increased from 2015 to 2017 continuously. Compared to other sections, only Section 1, as an open space within a commercialized area, contributed to local business positively. Other sections, such as 2–5, represented the negative impacts on local business from 2016 to 2017.

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Sarala Kumari, Balmur, e Guthi Visweswara Rao. "Study on factors influencing caesarean section delivery in urban field practice area of Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally, Nalgonda, India". International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, n. 7 (24 giugno 2017): 3129. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20172947.

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Background: Caesarean section is one of the most commonly performed major surgeries in obstetric practice intended to save the mother and child in turn reducing maternal and perinatal mortality. The steadily increasing global rate of caesarean section has become one of the most debated topics in maternity care. The objective of this study is to identify the factors influencing caesarean section delivery in the study area.Methods: This is a community based cross sectional study conducted among 66 women who underwent caesarean section in urban slum of field practice area of KIMS Nalgonda from January 2017 to February 2017. Information regarding socio demographic factors, indication of caesarean section, maternal and neonatal outcome was recorded in pre-designed pretested questionnaire.Results: The rate of caesarean section (CS) in this study was 55.9%. The commonest indication for elective caesarean was previous caesarean section (59.5%) and for emergence caesarean section the commonest indication was fetal distress (50%). 47.6% in elective group and 62.5% in emergency underwent caesarean section in government hospitals, 52.38% in elective group and 37.5% in emergency underwent caesarean section in private nursing homes.Conclusions: Elective caesarean sections are more common than emergency sections. Most of the caesarian sections were in the age group of 18-25 years, Hindus, BC community, house wives, who have studied up to intermediate and above, below poverty line group and in multigravida women. Common indication for elective CS was previous CS and for emergency CS was fetal distress.

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Feng, Shu Min, e Guo Qiang Yin. "The Classified Management of Transport of Dangerous Goods Section". Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (maggio 2012): 1815–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.1815.

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The classified management of transport of dangerous goods section, not only can reduce the possibility of transport of dangerous goods accident, but also reduce the severity of the consequences of the accident, has a more far-reaching significance to the security of the urban transport of dangerous goods. Fuzzy clustering method is applied to the classified management of transport of dangerous goods section, according to the different sections of the length, risk, as well as dangerous goods traffic, which sections of classification based on fuzzy clustering analysis method, an example of Pingxiang City of Jiangxi is given to illustrate the calculation process of the method. The category management and the corresponding management strategies is proposed suitable for transport of dangerous goods according to the classification results, and provide a viable basis for the government sector. Category management of transport of dangerous goods section, enabling the transport of dangerous goods more standardized, laid the foundation for the development of urban transport of dangerous goods industry.

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Yang, Taoyuan, Peng Zhao, Ke Qiao, Xiangming Yao e Tao Wang. "Vulnerability Analysis of Urban Rail Transit Network by Considering the Station Track Layout and Passenger Behavior". Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (14 dicembre 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6378526.

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The vulnerability of an urban rail transit (URT) network is an index that reflects its ability to cope with risks. However, existing URT network vulnerability studies have paid less attention to station track layout and passenger choice behavior, both of which significantly affect the consequences of a disruption incident. In the present study, we first analyze an actual scenario of URT section disruption and passenger behavior during an incident. Then, we propose two section vulnerability indexes that quantitatively evaluate the effect of a URT section disruption from two aspects: detour delay and loss in passenger flow. To make the application scenario of this method more realistic, the track layout and depot location are taken into account. By considering the relationship between train routing and the sections, a concept of “dominant section” is put forward to make the calculation of the vulnerability indexes more efficient and can be used for a simultaneous multi-section-disruption scenario. Finally, a case study of the Beijing Subway network is provided. The results show that disruptions in only a few critical sections can significantly affect the URT network passenger flow. Disruption of only 3% of the sections can lead to 80% passenger-flow loss, which reflects the high vulnerability of URT networks. The method proposed in this paper can provide support for the evaluation of URT network performance.

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Azam, Abdelhalim, Fayez Alanazi, Mohamed Ahmed Okail e Mohamed Ragab. "Operational and Environmental Assessment of Weaving Section for Urban Roads: Case Study, Aljouf Region, KSA". Sustainability 15, n. 5 (27 febbraio 2023): 4275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054275.

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The urban weaving sections are more complex due to the various disturbing elements within the weaving section, such as lane-change situations. These turbulences reduced road capacity and increased vehicle exhaust emissions. The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM 2010) has a methodology for the analysis of weaving sections for the free highways; the methodology for the analysis of urban roads is not investigated in the HCM. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to present a systematic analysis of the factors that could potentially affect the capacity and exhaust emissions of urban weaving sections. These factors include the main road traffic volume, the weaving section length (WL), the volume ratio (VR), and the percentage of heavy vehicles (HV%). Two weaving sections were selected in the Aljouf Region, KSA; the Sakakah–Dumat Al-Jandal road. The collected data were used in the development of microsimulation using VISSIM models. The results indicated that increasing the volume ratio and percentage of heavy vehicles caused a decrease in capacity and an increase in exhaust emissions. It was discovered that the increase of weaving length resulted in increasing the capacity. However, increasing the weaving length was not beneficial for reducing exhaust emissions. Finally, regression models were developed for capacity estimation and emissions prediction of urban weaving sections based on weaving length and volume ratio, resulting in relatively high R2 values.

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SAUMAREZ SMITH, OTTO. "CENTRAL GOVERNMENT AND TOWN-CENTRE REDEVELOPMENT IN BRITAIN, 1959–1966". Historical Journal 58, n. 1 (9 febbraio 2015): 217–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x14000077.

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ABSTRACTThis article looks at central government's role, focusing on the parliamentary terms 1959–64 and 1964–6, in directing the way in which local authorities enacted the central area redevelopment schemes of the 1960s. The first two sections review the substantial but little-studied literature produced across the political spectrum about central area urban renewal in the period 1959–64. Section III uses the Joint Urban Planning Group, a group set up within the Ministry of Housing and Local Government, as a case-study to show how modernist approaches to redevelopment became operative within a government department. The Joint Urban Planning Group has received no attention from historians. Section IV discusses the fate of these ideas during Labour's first term after the 1964 election.

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Wu, Bo, e Wei Huang. "Optimization of sequential excavation method for large-section urban subway tunnel: A case study". Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, n. 9 (settembre 2020): 168781402095718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020957185.

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In response to the requirement for population increase, the cross-section area of the urban subway is enlarged, resulting in that one-time excavation technology cannot be directly applied to the excavation of large-section tunnels. Consequently, how to partition the cross-section of the large-section tunnels and optimize the corresponding construction parameters is of great significance. In this paper, we establish a unified planar partition optimization model based on the four parameters of the number of horizontal layers, the number of transverse partitions, the height of the step, and the width of sections. Moreover, using the dynamic programming principle, we can further obtain the optimal excavation sequence and the construction parameters of the large-section tunnels by solving the planar partition optimization model. Combined with the case of an extra-large cross-section tunnel excavation of Chongqing Metro Central Park East Station, the paper optimizes the excavation method of the tunnel with the aim of the maximum construction efficiency and tunnel stability to obtain the optimal excavation sequence, the optimal construction parameters, and the optimal comprehensive evaluation index. The practice has proved that the optimization model based on the dynamic programming principle can effectively solve the problem of large-section tunnel construction. The case analysis can provide an effective reference for similar large-section tunnel projects.

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Bie, Yiming, Zhiyuan Liu, Yan Li e Yulong Pei. "Development of a New Platoon Dispersion Model considering Turning Vehicles in Urban Road Environment". Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (1 gennaio 2014): 279570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/279570.

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By considering turning vehicles of a platoon that travels on arterial link, a new procedure for calibrating dispersion parameter α of Robertson's model is proposed. Upstream edge of channelized section is served as the boundary and the link between two adjacent intersections is divided into two sections, which are road section and channelized section. Typical investigation site is selected in Changchun city and data are collected to study the relationship between α and internal frictions, such as traffic volume and turning proportion. Double Gaussian function and logistic function are used to fit the curves among optimum values of α and internal frictions in the two sections, respectively, which allow the determination of α that varies as the volumes and turning proportions change. The study results are of great importance for arterial progression because Robertson's model can depict platoon movements more accurately using the calibrated values of α.

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Younis Yassin AL RUBAIE, Dr Adyan. "THE URBAN TENDENCY IN IMPRESSIONIST PAINTING". International Journal of Humanities and Educational Research 06, n. 02 (1 aprile 2024): 530–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2757-5403.25.30.

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Urbanism is a human tendency towards development, cognitive growth, progress and creativity in various fields, and it has an active presence in the physiological structure of humans in general and the artist in particular. Urbanism is an obsession that expresses the artist’s interest in lifestyle, movement and daily interaction. The research study included four chapters: (The first chapter) contained the methodological framework of the research, which consisted of the research problem, its importance, and its goal represented by (revealing the urban tendency in Impressionist painting). (The second chapter) dealt with the theoretical framework of the research, which consists of three sections: (The research study The first) aesthetic approaches to the concept of urbanity, and (the second section) included representations of the city in the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, and Classicism, and (the third section) dealt with urban features in contemporary European painting. (Chapter Three) included research procedures that consisted of a research community of (20) models, and the researcher used the structural (descriptive) analysis method in analyzing (the research sample) of (3) pictorial models of Impressionist school paintings. (Chapter Four) discussed the research results and conclusions, and the study also reached some recommendations and proposals

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Ugwa, EA, AO Ashimi e MY Abubakar. "Caesarean Section and Perinatal Outcome in a Sub-urban Tertiary Hospital in Northwest Nigeria". Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 10, n. 2 (15 gennaio 2016): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v10i2.14332.

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Aims: This study was undertaken to review the caesarean section rate and perinatal mortality in Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kudu from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2012.Methods: This was a retrospective study involving review of 580 case files. Ethical clearance was obtained. The records of labour ward, neonatal intensive care unit and operating theatre were use. Information extracted includes age, parity, booking status, total deliveries, indications for caesarean section and perinatal outcome from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2012 at Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kudu. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 statistical software (Chicago). Absolute numbers and simple percentages were used to describe categorical variables.Results: A total of 590 caesarean sections were done which is rate of 17.69%. Of the 590 caesarean deliveries, 580 case notes were retrieved giving a retrieval rate of 98.3%. A total of 96 out of 580 babies died within the first one week of caesarean delivery, giving a perinatal mortality rate of 17.4 per 1000. The average age of the women was 25.9±6.2 years. Majority of them were uneducated and unemployed. Obstructed labour was the most common indication for emergency caesarean section accounting for 31.7% of caesarean sections followed by pre-eclampsia/eclampsia.Conclusions: Caesarean section rate in the present study is comparatively high and perinatal mortality is low but it is unclear if there is a correlation between caesarean section rate and perinatal mortality. This needs further studies.

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Tong, Ziyu, Huawu Yang, Chen Liu, Tingting Xu e Sha Xu. "Quantification of the openness of urban external space through urban section". Geo-spatial Information Science 23, n. 4 (1 ottobre 2020): 316–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2020.1846464.

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Dhakal Rai, Sulochana, Pramod Raj Regmi, Edwin van Teijlingen, Juliet Wood, Ganesh Dangal e Keshar Bahadur Dhakal. "Rising Rates of Caesarean Section in Urban Nepal". Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 16, n. 41 (28 gennaio 2019): 479–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v16i41.1750.

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The rising rate of caesarean section in urban Nepal is alarming as the lack of access for women in rural areas to emergency obstetric care, putting lives at risk. The latter is referred to as ‘Too little too late’. At the same time, the sharp rise in caesarean section rates in cities presents the other extreme: “Too much too soon”. The overuse of caesarean section causes harm, unnecessary costs, and misuse of health resources. Availability of private hospitals and increasing hospital childbirth may contribute to the rising rate of caesarean section. This article highlights the rising rate of caesarean section in urban Nepal.Keywords: Caesarean section; emergency obstetric care; Nepal.

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Franzitta, Vincenzo, Angelo Milone, Daniele Milone, Marco Trapanese e Alessia Viola. "A Case Study to the Evaluation of Global Environmental Quality, Concerning Thermal, Acoustic and Atmospheric Conditions of Urban Areas". Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (agosto 2013): 1068–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.1068.

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In this paper we propose an operative procedure aimed at assessing and check the global environmental quality in the urban areas. This methodology is set up by using an ergonomic approach that analyses the interaction man-environment in terms of cause-effect and uses information and data from various sources contributing to the formation of discomfort degrees.[1-2] The representation technique by normo-grams is used for showing some applications executed along the urban territory of Palermo and allows to evaluate very simply all the parameters involved in human comfort. This paper is divided in 5 sections, after the introduction in section 2 a review of the principal simple and complex indexes is presented, in section 3 the methodology used to assess the air quality is presented and in section 4 some experimental results on some areas of Palermo are presented, finally in section 5 some conclusions are drawn.[3-4]

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Miller, Rick. "Introduction to this special section: Urban geophysics". Leading Edge 32, n. 3 (marzo 2013): 248–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle32030248.1.

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Wu, Li Xin, e Guo Zhu Cheng. "Evaluation on Damaged Pavement and Its Influence on Capacity of Urban Road Section". Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (gennaio 2012): 2514–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.2514.

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To evaluate the capacity of urban road section with damaged pavement accurately, it is necessary to evaluate on damaged pavement and study the quantified affects of damaged pavement on the capacity of road. In this paper, pot hole’s width, rut depth, crack ratio and repair ratio were used as the evaluation indicators of the of pavement’s status, the evaluation method of damaged pavement through gray cluster analysis was given. The surveyed damaged pavement sections are classified through this method. The definition of damaged pavement correction coefficient is given, using gradual approach method to decrease damaged pavement correction coefficient till the error of capacity of road section is lower than admissible error, the damaged pavement correction coefficients of different levels of damaged pavement were obtained based on the parameter that surveyed on different level of damaged pavement sections.

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Sultana, Jesmin, Ipsita Sutradhar, Musarrat Jabeen Rahman, Abdullah Nurus Salam Khan, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury, Enam Hasib, Charu Chhetri et al. "An Uninformed Decision-Making Process for Cesarean Section: A Qualitative Exploratory Study among the Slum Residents of Dhaka City, Bangladesh". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n. 3 (27 gennaio 2022): 1465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031465.

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The decision-making process and the information flow from physicians to patients regarding deliveries through cesarean section (C-section) has not been adequately explored in Bangladeshi context. Here, we aimed to explore the extent of information received by mothers and their family members and their involvement in the decision-making process. We conducted a qualitative exploratory study in four urban slums of Dhaka city among purposively selected mothers (n = 7), who had a cesarean birth within one-year preceding data collection, and their family members (n = 12). In most cases, physicians were the primary decision-makers for C-sections. At the household level, pregnant women were excluded from some crucial steps of the decision-making process and information asymmetry was prevalent. All interviewed pregnant women attended at least one antenatal care visit; however, they neither received detailed information regarding C-sections nor attended any counseling session regarding decisions around delivery type. In some cases, pregnant women and their family members did not ask health care providers for detailed information about C-sections. Most seemed to perceive C-sections as risk-free procedures. Future research could explore the best ways to provide C-section-related information to pregnant women during the antenatal period and develop interventions to promote shared decision-making for C-sections in urban Bangladeshi slums.

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Oliveira, Vitor. "What do we know about urban form?" Urban Morphology 28, n. 1 (21 aprile 2024): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.51347/um28.0004.

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This paper gathers fundamental ideas on urban form conceived after the mid-twentieth century. It does not aim to offer a comprehensive literature review or a general theory of urban morphology. The paper’s contribution to debate is the construction of a coherent narrative, gathering different concepts and methods (collected from a growing body of literature of varied relevance) as fundamental parts of a body of knowledge for systematic description, explanation and prescription of the physical form of human settlements. At the beginning of this narrative there is a general morphological framework proposed by M.R.G. Conzen in the mid- twentieth century (section 1). The structural nature of this framework enables insights from within (section 2) and outside the field (section 3), as well as a link into action on the urban landscape (section 4).

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Liu, Wei, Kequan Chen, Zong Z. Tian e Guangchuan Yang. "Capacity of Urban Arterial Weaving Sections under Lane Signal Control Strategy". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, n. 12 (27 giugno 2019): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119844752.

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An urban arterial weaving section has been considered a bottleneck in urban roadway systems, which is one of the key contributing factors to the occurrence of the capacity-drop phenomenon. This paper proposes a novel lane signal control method to regulate the weaving traffic flow at urban arterial weaving sections. With consideration of the operational characteristics of the weaving section and the imbalance of traffic at each entrance lane, a reduction coefficient of the weaving traffic was adopted. A capacity calculation model for weaving traffic under lane signal control was developed. The optimization model was established to derive the optimal lane signal control scheme. The objective function was to maximize the weaving section’s capacity, and the constraints were the safe time headway between two adjacent phases. The proposed capacity estimation model was validated using field data collected at a representative urban arterial weaving section in Chongqing City, China; it was found that the mean absolute percent error was 4.7%. Modeling results demonstrate that the actual capacity of the weaving section significantly increased after adopting the lane signal control strategy. During the morning peak period, the actual capacity was 3,265 pcph (passenger cars per hour), which improves by 28.14% under the optimal scheme of two-phase lane signal control. The weaving capacity improvement for the three-phase lane single control is found to be 3,458 pcph, which improves by 35.71% under the three-phase control strategy. This paper used capacity reduction as index to test the robust of entrance lane, facing the increasing demand for traffic.

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Novikov, A. N., L. E. Kushchenko, S. V. Kushchenko e I. A. Novikov. "Analysis of existing methods for assessing the probability of accidents on the city's road network sections". Вестник гражданских инженеров 18, n. 2 (2021): 222–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2021-18-2-222-231.

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The article presents the analysis results of the existing methods of estimating the probability of occurrence of road traffic accidents on the city's road network (CRN), namely, the ultimate accident incidence rate method, statistical method and dynamic method. The analysis of each method on the example of the urban agglomeration sections of Belgorod allows selecting the most effective method for a specific section of the road network, depending on the parameters of this section.

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Caneparo, Luca, e Federica Bonavero. "NEIGHBOURHOOD REGENERATION AT THE GRASSROOTS PARTICIPATION: INCUBATORS’ CO-CREATIVE PROCESS AND SYSTEM". International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 10, n. 2 (29 luglio 2016): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v10i2.960.

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Incubators of Public Spaces is a funded JPI Urban Europe project aiming to support the self-organization of places by enhancing the factors that motivate, encourage, and enable the urban actors to reach common understandings in order to coordinate their actions by reasoned argument, consensus, and cooperation rather than strategic thinking only. By catalyzing citizens’ willingness to ‘do their bit’ for improving spaces, it provides the means to grow and care for places. The paper is organized into three main sections. The first section offers a theoretical underpinning on the roots of self-organization and co-creation in urban interventions. After a brief introduction about the project’s aims, the second section deals with incubators’ co-creative process and system. It describes the running of the scenario workshops and provides an overview of the web platform and its inherent features. The third section presents the results of the application of the incubators method in the regeneration of an Italian neighborhood. It provides some general information about the area, and foresees a set of interventions for both built and open spaces. Conclusions offer early remarks concerning the ongoing experimentation in Incubators.

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Clichevsky, Nora. "Informalidad y regularización del suelo urbano en América Latina: algunas reflexiones". Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais 9, n. 2 (30 novembre 2007): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2007v9n2p55.

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Este artigo mostra as dificuldades de acesso ao solo por parte da população urbana pobre da América Latina e os resultados da implementação de Programas de regularização, que procuram solucionar a situação da população que mora de maneira informal nas cidades e áreas metropolitanas. Tais Programas têm surgido a partir da existência da irregularidade/ilegalidade/informalidade nas formas de ocupação do solo e de construção do habitat urbano. Compõem o artigo uma introdução, um capítulo sobre a informalidade urbana, outro sobre as políticas de regularização, tanto de propriedades quanto de melhoramento de bairros e, finalmente, reflexões sobre a implementação dessas políticas e seu impacto sobre a população objeto de sua aplicação.Palavras-chave: informalidade urbana; regularização urbana; legalização dominial; melhoramento de bairros. Abstract: This article discusses the difficulties of land access of poor urban population in Latin America and the results of the implementation of regulation Programs which tend to solve the situation of the population that inhabits informally in the cities and Latin American metropolitan areas. These Programs have started from the existence of irregularity/ illegality/ informality on land occupation and the construction of the urban habitat. The article consists of an introduction, a section on the urban informal act, other about the regulation policies, as per tenant purposes as improvement of neighborhoods and finally reflections on the implementation of such policies and the impacts on the population that are objective of them.Keywords: urban informality; urban regulation; legalization; improvement of neighborhoods.

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Gong, Guimin, Wenhong Lv e Qi Wang. "Research on Urban Road Traffic Network Pinning Control Based on Feedback Control". Sustainability 15, n. 12 (15 giugno 2023): 9631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15129631.

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The development and application of pinning control methods create conditions for traffic area control, and the objective of possessing global control of the road network is achieved by controlling a small number of intersections in the road network. Based on this, an urban road network pinning control strategy is designed in this paper. Firstly, this paper establishes the state equation of the urban road traffic network according to the characteristics of traffic flow, and proposes an associated state equation for road sections and key intersections. Secondly, by adjusting the signal timing scheme of key intersections as the target of pinning control, it can restrain the road network to achieve the state with the minimum difference between the actual flow and the desired flow on each road section. At the same time, considering the dynamic nature of traffic flow and the fact that the flow rate on the road section changes continuously, a feedback control mechanism is established in order to determine the threshold value at which each road section enters the congestion state. In addition, when the flow rate of a road section exceeds its threshold value to reach the congestion state, the signal timing scheme of the key intersection needs to be adjusted again to ensure that the flow rate on the road section is always lower than the threshold value at which it enters the congestion state. The results show that the average delay time and average stopping time of the road network are reduced by 35.03s and 18.37s, respectively, compared with the original control scheme, proving that the control strategy can effectively reduce congestion and improve the operational efficiency of the road network.

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Aksoy, Göker, e Kemal Selçuk Öğüt. "Discharge Flow Rate Change Under Rainy Conditions on Urban Motorways". PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 30, n. 6 (28 dicembre 2018): 733–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v30i6.2940.

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Queue discharge flow is the most frequently observed phenomenon on urban motorways when demand exceeds capacity. Once a queue is formed, congestion arises, and the number of vehicles that can pass from downstream reduces. This reduction phenomenon is defined as the capacity drop and calculated by taking the difference between capacity and discharge flow at a road section. Obviously, this capacity drop exists after an onset of congestion and may increase in relation to weather conditions, such as rain, snow, or fog, which cause longer queues and delays. In this paper, the effect of rain on discharge flows is investigated and compared with sunny days on Istanbul urban motorways. Besides, rain precipitation during congestion is considered and related to discharge flow. Four different motorway sections were analyzed, and up to 37% discharge flow reduction was determined between sunny and rainy conditions. Motorway sections with higher free flow speed (FFS) were found to be more affected by rain, and discharge flow reduction was bigger compared to the section with the lowest FFS. For 1 mm/m2/h of precipitation, the discharge flow is estimated as 1,719 pcu/h/lane when FFS is 84 km/h, and as 1,560 pcu/h/lane if FFS is 104 km/h.

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Zheng, Yan, Chunjiao Dong, Daiyue Dong e Shengyou Wang. "Traffic Volume Prediction: A Fusion Deep Learning Model Considering Spatial–Temporal Correlation". Sustainability 13, n. 19 (24 settembre 2021): 10595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910595.

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In this paper, a fusion deep learning model considering spatial–temporal correlation is proposed to solve the problem of urban road traffic flow prediction. Firstly, this paper holds that the traffic flow of a section in the urban road network not only depends on the fluctuation of its own time series, but is also related to the traffic flow of other sections in the whole region. Therefore, a traffic flow similarity measurement method based on wavelet decomposition and dynamic time warping is proposed to screen the sections which are similar to the traffic flow state of the target section. Secondly, in order to improve the prediction accuracy, the unstable time series are reconstructed into stationary time series by differential method. Finally, taking the extracted traffic flow data of a similar section as an independent variable and the traffic flow data of target section as dependent variable, we input the above variables into the proposed CNN-LSTM fusion deep learning model for traffic flow prediction. The results show that the proposed model has a higher accuracy and stability than the other benchmark models. The MAPE can reach 92.68%, 93.39%, 85.14%, and 76.14% at a time interval of 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, and 60 min, and the other evaluation indexes are also better than the rest of the benchmark models.

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J, Caro-Mendivelso, Elorza-Ricart JM, Hermosilla E, Méndez-Boo L, García-Gil M, Prieto-Alhambra D e Medina M. "Associations between socioeconomic index and mortality in rural and urban small geographic areas of Catalonia, Spain: Ecological study". Journal of Epidemiological Research 2, n. 1 (4 novembre 2015): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jer.v2n1p80.

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Objective: To analyse the association between MEDEA (Mortality in small areas of Spain and socioeconomic and environmental inequalities) index and mortality in urban and rural areas of Catalonia. Methods: An ecological study based on the analysis of census section. The data source used for census section and variables to calculate the MEDEA index was the census (2001). Mortality data were obtained from System for the Development of Research in Primary Care (SIDIAP). The census sections were classified as rural or urban. The association between mortality and the socioeconomic index was analysed as categorical variable (quintiles). Poisson models were fitted to study the association between MEDEA index and mortality. Analysis was done with the STATA software, version 12. Results: In January 2009, a total of 4,526,071 adults (> 14 years old) were assigned to ICS (Institut Català de la Salut ) primary healthcare centres. The identified population lived in 5,214 census sections out of a total of 5,222 existing areas, from which 4096 (78.5%) were urban. The association between MEDEA quintiles and mortality was significant for urban areas excluding Barcelona: excess mortality was 5% (IRR = 1.05 IC 95% 1.01-1.10), being higher in urban areas (IRR = 1.11 95% CI 1.08 to 1.15) and even higher in Barcelona (IRR = 1.24 95% CI 1.18 to 1.31). This association was not significant for rural areas (IRR = 0.95 CI 95% 0.88-1.02). Conclusions:Socioeconomic deprivation, measured with the MEDEA index, was related with an increase in total mortality in urban areas of Catalonia. In rural areas there was no association with mortality.

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Biddulph, Mike. "Section Editorial". URBAN DESIGN International 8, n. 1-2 (giugno 2003): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.udi.9000095.

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Li, Zhi Cheng. "Analysis of Dynamic Impedance Functions in Urban Traffic Flow Guidance System". Applied Mechanics and Materials 238 (novembre 2012): 503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.238.503.

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The successful application of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) depends on the traffic flow at any time with high-precision and large-scale assessments, it is necessary to create a dynamic traffic network model to evaluate and forecast traffic. Dynamic route choice model sections of the run-time function are very important to the dynamic traffic network model. To simplify the dynamic traffic modeling, improve the calculation accuracy and save computation time, the flow on the section of the interrelationship between the exit flow and number of vehicles are analyzed, a run-time functions into the flow using only sections of the said sections are established.

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Arribas-Bel, Dani, Seraphim Alvanides, Michael Batty, Andrew Crooks, Linda See e Levi Wolf. "Urban data/code: A new EP-B section". Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 48, n. 9 (30 ottobre 2021): 2517–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23998083211059670.

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Frey, Marco, e Francesco Rizzi. "Special section: Integrated urban solid waste management. Editorial". ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, n. 3 (dicembre 2012): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/efe2012-003002.

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Unger, János, Zoltán Sümeghy e Judit Zoboki. "Temperature cross-section features in an urban area". Atmospheric Research 58, n. 2 (luglio 2001): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-8095(01)00087-4.

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Kang, Lili, Hai Gu, Shangyuan Ye, Biao Xu, Kangzhen Jing, Ning Zhang e Bo Zhang. "Rural–urban disparities in caesarean section rates in minority areas in China: evidence from electronic health records". Journal of International Medical Research 48, n. 2 (30 settembre 2019): 030006051987799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060519877996.

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Objective To assess the rural–urban disparity in caesarean section rates using electronic health records from hospitals located in the Province of Inner Mongolia, which is a minority area in Northeastern China. Methods The study examined the electronic health records of women that gave birth in three major public hospitals between January 2012 and December 2016. Multinomial regression analyses were used to estimate rural–urban disparities in caesarean section rates. Results Data from 61 903 women were examined. Caesarean section rates increased slightly over the study period and the rate was significantly higher in rural compared with urban hospitals (48% versus 38%). This disparity consistently increased over time. Multinomial regression analyses showed that maternal age, ethnicity, health insurance type, employment status, reproductive history and the newborn’s sex were significant risk factors associated with caesarean section rate. Furthermore, stratified analysis of first-time pregnancies, minorities and different age groups showed that the odds of undergoing an emergency caesarean section was lower in the rural hospital, but the odds of undergoing a planned caesarean section was higher in the rural hospital. Conclusions Caesarean section rates have increased in rural areas and the disparity in rural–urban areas has increased substantially over the years.

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Bishop, Ryan, e John W. P. Phillips. "The Urban Problematic II". Theory, Culture & Society 31, n. 7-8 (dicembre 2014): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276414557045.

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This article provides a framework by way of introduction to the special section, ‘The Urban Problematic II’. It introduces a new selection of papers contributing to the continuing project of interrogating concepts, processes and practices associated with contemporary forms of urban life. The article focuses in particular on the problem of infrastructure in relation to questions of urban politics and especially remarks on the emergence of a kind of thinking in which the separation of notions of material infrastructure from those of the social or cultural sphere can no longer be usefully maintained. The essays in the section cumulatively address the issue of an emergent hybridity of urban elements: the virtual and the material, the social and the technical, the political and the instrumental, the vertical and the horizontal. The spectacle of contemporary political activism and dissent emerges in the transformation of social and urban space.

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Gascoigne, Alison L. "The Late Roman and Early Islamic Urban Enceinte". Cambridge Archaeological Journal 14, n. 2 (ottobre 2004): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774304250168.

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It has been established in the preceding sections that settlement walls were by no means uncommon in ancient Egypt, and it is from this tradition that the late Roman and early Islamic urban configuration developed. With the incorporation of the country into the Roman empire, it was inevitable that changes would be made to its defensive situation, and the continuing Hellenization of the upper classes would alter perceptions of the urban ideal. This section will consider to what extent these forces brought Egypt into line with other eastern Roman provinces, and how the urban enceinte developed after the Arab conquest of the country in 642.

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Wang, Le-Ning. "Real-Time Evaluation Method of Vehicle Conflict Risk on Urban Expressway Based on Smartphone GPS Data". Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (18 ottobre 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2407529.

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To effectively evaluate the traffic safety risk of urban expressways in real time and ensure their traffic safety and smoothness, a real-time evaluation method of vehicle conflict risk of an urban expressway based on smartphone GPS data was proposed. We screened and processed smartphone GPS data to obtain vehicle behavior data, including acceleration and angular acceleration, and road state data, including average vehicle speed. Urban expressways were divided into four categories, closed straight section, closed curve section, vehicle entry section, and vehicle exit section; the evaluation indexes of abnormal vehicle behavior were established. Based on the improved entropy weight method, the vehicle conflict risk entropy was established to distribute the weight of different types of abnormal behaviors of vehicles. The evaluation system of vehicle conflict risk entropy was applied to the vehicle behavior data. Urban Expressways with more abnormal vehicle behavior were obtained to evaluate the risk of vehicle conflict in real time. The results showed that the easily obtained smartphone GPS data may be effectively used to analyze the abnormal behavior of vehicles, identify vehicle conflict risk points hidden in urban expressways in real time to provide effective methods for batch and dynamic real-time evaluations of vehicle conflict risks on urban expressways, and improve the traffic safety service level of urban expressways.

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