Tesi sul tema "Secteur de l'énergie électrique"
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Rahmouni, Ahmed. "Contribution à la réforme du secteur de l'énergie électrique". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0078.
These works relate to the political reforms of the public services that are applied in the sector of electricity. For the case of Maghreb, we suggest an “initiative” of reform for the electricity sector adapted to developing countries aiming at the promotion of the competitive commerce of electricity outside the market structures: (1) opening the access to all networks, including international interconnections, for all clients connected to HV and MV, mainly those who are sensitive to the price of electricity. This will let them to negotiate their power sourcing independently ; (2) opening the access of to all networks, and including international interconnections for all the independent production whose destination in the internal or external markets ; (3) to initiate the operation of an integrated system to manage offer and demand bids taking into account an optimal use of the networks. Concerning Europe, we propose an initiative of organizational reform in the electricity sector reinforcing the guidelines suggested by the European Union, to promote the competitive commerce of electricity and to create a large single European market ; (4) create a pan European entity coordinate the operation of national systems and integrate the markets ; (5) to promote the economic development of competitive offers in the countries of the Union that will reinforce the regional balances ; (6) reinforce the transmission infrastructures to put in competition the most efficient generation across Europe
Capri, Roger. "Du monopole public au processus de restructuration du secteur de l'énergie électrique en Côte d'Ivoire (1960-1998)". Bordeaux 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR40003.
Santiago, Junior Fernando Antonio. "La régulation du secteur électrique en France et au Brésil". Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010284.
Zobu, Burcu. "La comparaison des processus juridiques de la libéralisation des secteurs électrique et gazier : en France et en Turquie". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D007/document.
The liberalization of energy markets is primary objective for each member and candidate State of the European Union. In order to achieve an internal energy market, European Commission set up three energy packages for electricity and gas market complete opening up to the competition step by ste^p. For a better understanding of the energy legislations and policies in France and in Turkey, it is essential to have a main knowledge related to the organisation and operation of their electricity and gas markets from the beginning by examining the institutions and monopolistic companies such as EDF, TEK, GDF, BOTAS, and their historical evolution period until the european energy directives implementation. Thereafter, it is prominent to examine chronologically every step of the liberalisation enforced by the energy packages (internal energy market 1996-2000, second energy package 2000-2007, third energy package 2007-2011, next step Energy 2020), and compare the legal procedure of the energy market liberalization process by analyzing their legislations in place and modifications during the european energy directives implementation process
Eressa, Muluken Regas. "Probabilistic Models for Demand Supply Prediction in The Eenergy Sector". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Gustave Eiffel, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UEFL2005.
This thesis investigate probabilistic predictive models based on the Gaussian process and deep learning for electricity demand forecasting. As Gaussian processes are kernel-based predictive models, their performance is constrained by the type, number and dimension of the selected kernel. To address these limitations, first it proposes a new Gaussian approximation technique that address the Bayesian computational bottleneck. Second, it proposes a stochastic compositional kernel estimation algorithm using the proposed Gaussian approximation as the underlying model. Third, it follows an iterative procedure using cross-validation for selecting an optimal combinations of kernels that best explain the data generating model. Furthermore, it also tries to address the limitation of maximum likelihood approach which is usually employed in probabilistic deep learning models and yet fails in guaranteeing a minimized interval width and maximized coverage probability for the forecasted points. This thesis proposes a new training algorithm for neural networks. The proposed distribution based lower upper bound estimation algorithm encompasses interval width and coverage probability as quality metrics with adaptive parameters that guarantee the needed performance compared to other alternative techniques. The suggested approaches enhance the deployment of Gaussian and deep learning models in the energy sector. The bound estimation model for a minimized prediction interval and maximized coverage probability, can help potential energy suppliers in sizing generators which will result in a marginal profit gain. In addition, the kernel estimation algorithm can simplify the application of kernel-based learning to those who find kernel selection vague. To the experienced, it can give a preliminary insight into the structure of the kernels that could potentially fit the data. The randomized column sampling technique could offer an alternative method for a fast Gaussian model building and approximation that is scalable to large data. Furthermore, the bound estimation, in addition to providing a forecast distribution to a point estimate neural models, it can also serve as a good starting point to an alternative probabilistic model training in deep neural nets
Lecuyer, Oskar. "Quelle place pour les aides aux technologies de réduction d'émissions en présence d'un prix du carbone? : le cas du secteur électrique". Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00914477.
Wang, Wenlu. "Eco-conception des systèmes de transmission de l'énergie électrique". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00627890.
Peluchon, Benoit. "Investissement et déréglementation dans le secteur électrique". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00226380.
Peluchon, Benoît. "Investissement et déréglementation dans le secteur électrique". Paris 1, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00226380.
El, mejdoubi Asmae. "Diagnostic de l’état de vieillissement des systèmes de stockage de l'énergie électrique : application : véhicule électrique". Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2021.
This thesis presents a diagnosis and aging study for electrical energy storage systems used in vehicular applications. It develops different online diagnosis methods for supercapacitors and Lithium-ion batteries state of health and state of charge estimation. A large aging storage systems database was elaborated under various stress conditions using a test bench developed in our laboratory. The storage systems characterizations were also taken at each aging step and under different constraints. This work has implemented a prediction aging model for supercapacitors calendar life. Unlike other aging models, where the supercapacitor capacity loss is assumed linear with the aging time, the proposed model takes advantage of the chemical reaction showing the parameters causing the aging process. Based on the experimental data, a comparison between the experimental results of the different aging models presented in the literature highlights the precision of the proposed calendar aging model in various operating conditions. Then, different models are proposed for the diagnosis of the state of charge and the state of health of supercapacitors and Lithium-ion batteries. Indeed, three online supercapacitors aging diagnostic models are presented. The proposed strategies capitalize the estimation capabilities of three observers, well-known tools for theirs particularities and performances to study nonlinear parameters estimation, namely: - The extended Kalman filter, - The sliding mode observer, - The adaptive observer. On the other hand, a hybrid diagnostic model for the diagnosis of the state of charge and the state of health of the Lithium-ion batteries is proposed considering the variation of the surface temperature. The proposed strategy is based on the performance of the extended Kalman filter to estimate the state of charge, while the adaptive estimation technique is used to a robust estimation of the state of health
Kallel, Emna. "Planification de la distribution de l'énergie électrique avec demande incertaine". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2003. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5035.
Cheron, Yvon. "La commutation douce dans la conversion statique de l'énergie électrique". Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT084H.
Chaton, Corinne. "Décisions d'investissement sous incertitude : application au secteur électrique". Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10007.
How can we take into account the uncertainties in a model of investment decision of electric power station? The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of uncertainty in the electric power industry. We consider a monopoly which faces uncer tainty on the future fuel prices or the future demand. In the first part, some basic concepts of the electric power industry, and some criteria of choice under uncertain ty environment are enumerated. The literature of optimal public utility pricing and capacity investment in the presence of uncertainty is reviewed. Finaly, the national investment model of edf and its environment are summarized. In the second part, a two period model is used, in which investment is chosen in the first period when neither future fuel prices nor future demand is known. The model is applied to establish the french and german thermal investment. These two applications allow to qualitatively justify the interest to diversify the technologies of production. The third part extends the theory of irreversible investment under uncertainty. The aim is to have more realistic representation of investment choice for an electric productor. A simple rule, that maximizes social welfare is derived and used to calculate the optimal investment exercice rule
Dang, Van Thanh. "Scénarios de décarbonisation du secteur électrique au Vietnam". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAE009.
Reduction of CO2 emissions issue is clearly a world challenge today and COP21 highlighted the international requirements for countries to address related issues in the short and long term. The fundamental objective of the thesis is to contribute to the identification of possible climate policy solutions related to growing electricity production in a developing country, namely Vietnam, taking into account the need to reduce carbon energy sources. For this purpose several scenarios for electricity sector development are constructed in order to measure effects of choices related to the electricity production on CO2 emissions.The thesis presents an overview of the energy situation in Vietnam and highlights the rapid increase in electricity consumption due to population pressure and new needs. It also considers major issues of coal and gas imports, new energy sources, in light of economic constraints but also environmental challenges. The theoretical and analytical chapter reviews the analyses of electricity master plans construction, major available economic tools for energy demand forecast models. This forms the framework to understanding the complexity of the "electric bet" which Vietnam faces. After a presentation of potential quantitative simulation instruments, ELECsim was chosen for modeling the electricity sector in Vietnam. This leads to a comprehensive scenario approach; Scenarios are based on several assumptions about the evolution of economic growth and demographics, energy prices, the power generation technology development, the declared carbon value, discount rates and change rate. As a first step in energy and climate policy Vietnam can control the demand growth by strong action on energy efficiency, while reducing parallel to both the electricity production costs and CO2 emissions. Several scenarios are then proposed, highlighting both the need to search for higher energy efficiency and the promotion of low-carbon energies. Research envisages a rapid shift in policy choices to face the needs of an accelerated but sustainable economic development. Six scenarios were constructed on the basis of a reference scenario, focusing successively on energy efficiency, nuclear, CCS, renewables and a more balanced electricity mix. Environmental constraints (CO2 emissions reduction) have priority in the scenario building process. This multi-criteria approach is very new in Vietnam, a country more familiar with supply cost-based approach. Scenarios analyzed here take into account the carbon intensity reduction of Vietnam's power sector. It is proposed as the benchmark threshold, the emission level of 50-80 g/kWh (similar to reference level studied in two of Vietnam’s neighboring Asian economies such as Indonesia and India). In our research, the different mix of electricity generation offer relevant solutions. They allow meeting the economic and environmental challenges related to the expansion of the Vietnam’s electricity sector. The analysis takes into account several dimensions such as the increasing demand pressure, fuels supply security with alternative choices, reduced high electrical production total costs, control of external bill, considered social impact (especially on health of citizens) and land use and, finally, compliance with standards related to the regional, national and global environment/climate protection
Neffati, Ahmed. "Stratégies de gestion de l'énergie électrique d'un système multi-source : décision floue optimisée pour véhicule électrique hybride". Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2015/.
The energy management of hybrid electric vehicles (VHE) has been a major scientific effort in recent years. In addition, the power required in a (VHE) must be managed online within the constraints of charge and available energy. We are particularly interested in our work to the energy management of a hybrid vehicle, the problem is the instantaneous distribution of the electric power required through the two energy sources as much as possible by optimizing the overall consumption hydrogen on a given mission profile. We start in the first phase of study the characterization of mission profiles with the aim to find characterization tools that will help us to choose the laws of commands that are part of a process of energy management online. In the second study phase, energy strategies that rely on frequency management management techniques have been developed. Then we present a method for power management in line based on fuzzy rules, this method has been improved by the application of a method of fuzzy switching. This strategy leads the fuel cell to operate at best efficiency point. It has been verified that if this method is applied to an unknown online profile, the consumption obtained is near optimal
Hoarau, Quentin. "Out with the Pipes, in with the Plugs : On the Economics of the Energy Transition in the Automobile Sector Interactions between electric mobility and photovoltaic generation Network tariff design with prosumers and electromobility: Who wins, who loses Stranded to be? Diesel ban and used car markets. Coordination of abatements and policies with sector coupling technologies". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASI006.
The development of electric mobility is the main technological compromise that will allow the automobile sector to drastically reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants. From the ban of thermal vehicles to the integration of electric vehicles in the power sector, this dissertation investigates several economic aspects of this transition.First, it empirically studies the impacts of urban policies that limit the access of most polluting vehicles by analyzing the behavior of car sellers on second-hand markets. Then, it theoretically precises the optimal conditions of the electrification of the automobile fleet how governments may plan support policies for electric vehicles that take into account their interaction with the power system.Third, it investigates the interaction between electric mobility and photovoltaic energy. It develops a systematic framework that enlightens technical and economic conditions of synergy.Fourth, it discusses the distributional effects from tariff design of power network with both distributed energy resources and electric mobility
Santana, José. "Mesure de charges d'espace dans les câbles de transport de l'énergie électrique". Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20030.
Bouzguenda, Neila. "Financement des grands projets par les créanciers : application au secteur de l'énergie nucléaire". Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE21043.
This thesis, of 218 pages, aims to introduce and evaluate the project finance. The main issue of the research is to know if the garantees available in a given project have a significant impact on the risks level supported by the lenders. To achieve this research question, we have studied the impact of different variables (garantees and others) on the loan spreads. The response to the question is given into four main chapters. The chapter 1 constitutes an introduction to project finance and asserts that the default risk is less important for project finance than for the more traditional bank loans. The chapter 2 covers the risks management which uses a specific procedure in project finance, and shows that project finance loans are less risky. The chapter 3 proposes an empirical study of the determinants of the spreads vs LIBOR, and shows the significant impact of garantees and also of the country risk level. Finally, the chapter 4 presents a practical case study of a nuclear energy project (TUNDESAL) : the profitability study, the financing schemes and the level of spreads applied
Stankeviciute, Loreta. "L'impact de la contrainte carbone sur le secteur électrique européen". Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENE007.
The general idea of thesis is that European Emissions Trading system (ETS) is the instrument that can facilitate the decarbonisation of European electricity system. However, the necessary conditions ought to be brought together in the context of liberalisation in terms of risk management, market architecture and setting up of the complementary public policy instruments, in order for the carbon price signal to be effective. The introduction of liberalisation in the electricity industry conditions significantly the investment choice. The analysis of theoretical market model allows demonstrating organisational inadequacy for developing an optimal technological mix and for adapting to long-term issues due to the extreme difficulty of interpreting the price signals. The introduction of ETS overlaps with the market risks inherent to liberalisation. The enlargement of the carbon market and the interaction of European objectives in the horizon 2020 in terms of emissions reduction and increase of green electricity influence as well the anticipation of carbon price. The use of the prospective model POLES allows analysing these different configurations of the carbon market and establishing a number of possible scenarios for the carbon price. Additionally, certain measures for the reduction of carbon price volatility are recommended. The modelling exercises with POLES model enable likewise the analysis of European electricity mix in the long term under the uncertainty of carbon constraint. The modelling exercises show therefore that it is possible to have a less emitting electricity mix in the future, the remaining challenge is to construct an organisational and institutional framework capable to stimulate the necessary investments in the near future
Stankeviciute, Loreta. "L'impact de la contrainte carbone sur le secteur électrique européen". Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466498.
Hankache, Walid. "Gestion optimisée de l'énergie électrique d'un groupe électrogène hybride à pile à combustible". Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00567577.
Savard, Christophe. "Amélioration de la disponibilité opérationnelle des systèmes de stockage de l'énergie électrique multicellulaires". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI111/document.
High-capacity electrical energy storage system (EESS) are often matrix-organized system with a large number of elementary storage cells. Due to manufactoring tolerances and their individual use, the electrical characteristics of these cells do not evolve in the same way. These imbalances reduce operative dependability, in the short term by contributing to a decrease of the charge-discharge capacity, in the long-term by shortening lifetime. To improve storage performance, redundant cells can be added. It is also possible, in order to increase efficiency of stored energy restitution, to balance electrical characteristics by using energy exchange forced by an adequate configuration. It should therefore be possible to increase long-term operative dependability by reconfiguring internal connections in dynamic mode. Parallel-series (PS) architecture EESS consists of the series association of blocks, made up of several cells connected in parallel. Series-Parallel dual solution (SP) associates strings of cells in parallel. If other architectures are being studied, often requiring several switches per cell to reconfigure the matrix, we propose in this thesis a new architecture, called C3C, satisfying an acceptable level of reliability and distributing current flows. We then compare the classic solutions and the C3C in terms of reliability and the long-term operative dependability and propose a reflection on the possibilities to discrete control aspects to pilot architecture with a suitable control algorithm. The reliability of any structure can be improved by redundancy, with additional cells that will be used either to replace failing cells or temporarily supplemeting the weak ones. The system may also be designed to tolerate the defect of a portion of the cells. We demonstrate by modeling reliability diagrams and Markov chains that the C3C and PS architectures have a much eigher level of reliability than a SP architecture. The sustainability of these structures can also be improved by piloting activating and rest of the available resources according to different strategies in a choice algorithm based on SoC (State of Charge) or SoH (State of Health) of each cell. To do this, we model a cell on Matlab, precisely simulating the aging parameters and their dynamic evolution. It emerges that, whatever the architecture, if it includes a minimal share of redundant cells, an adequate differentiated management of the cells allows an improvement of the long-term operative dependability of nearly 40% on average. In order to study the reconfigurability control of architectures, we propose a model based on Discrete Event Systems through a colored Petri net. Simulation of this model has reinforced the behaviors already identified
Gounant, Serge. "Création et réalisation d'un module de gestion optimisée de l'énergie électrique : application ferroviaire embarquée". Nancy 1, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1997_0084_GOUNANT.pdf.
Vuillermot, Catherine. "L'énergie industrielle : d'une société à un groupe de production-distribution d'énergie électrique (1906-1945)". Lyon 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO22020.
This research work depicts the formation and functioning of an industrial group from 1906 to 1945. The energie industrielle chooses a strategy of external development. So, as to make up an important portfolio of securities, p-m. Durand plans financial strategies, which are common today, but which were precocious then. Those strategies result from a policy of parent company as well as from its holding company. The main part of the growth is horizontal. It contributes to the creation in brittany or in the "rhone-alpes" area of real regional monopolies due to an intense policy of concentration and rationalization. However, its working structure does not result in the creation of a large company but in the creation of a group. Being a group of legally independent companies, the latter only exists through a network of people centered on the durand family who inspire that group with a management. Databases allow to analyse both the group's owners, that is to say the stockholders, and its reality, that is to say the network of managers. So, we can point out whether the group is either an entreprise-like, family-like or corporation-like structure. The durand family is faithfull to a paternalistic policy without uniformity, it multiplies the agreements with its competitors and is involved in the setting up of the interconnexion national network. After basing its growth on the distribution, the group bets on the development of the hydro-electric production. On the whole, affiliates make important profits, which enables to give out good dividends. This policy has the advantage of multiplying the number of potential small subscribers and of avoiding the use of an important shave-holder. Thus, the whole decision-making power is left in the hands of the family. But in 1946 the group is nationalized
Deladreue, Sophie. "Planification et fonctionnement des réseaux de grand transport de l'énergie électrique en environnement concurrentiel". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066094.
Ait, Laasri Hicham. "Étude et élaboration de matériaux ferroélectriques sans plomb pour le stockage de l'énergie électrique". Thesis, Littoral, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018DUNK0528/document.
Ferroelectric materials with a high dielectric permittivity and low dielectric losses are very attractive for the realization of capacitors and for electrical energy storage. To improve the electrical energy density Wd, the structural and dielectric properties influence the ferroelectric parameters such as the maximum polarization Pm and the remanent polarization Pr under an applied electric field Em. This manuscript proposes to study the structural, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of ceramics derived from BaTiO₃ (BT) and SrTiO₃ (ST) as well as pure PVDF thick films and composites such as PVDF/BT and PVDF/BZT. The ceramics were synthesized by the solid state reaction reaction route and the sol-gel process. The subsitution in the A-sites or B-sites of the BaTiO₃ material with cations such Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺ and Zr⁴⁺ reduces the electrical energy density Wd and increases the energy storage efficiency η. The ceramic BaZr₀.₅Ti₀.₅O₃ (BZT0.5) has the highest energy storage efficiency (η=75%). The substitution in the A-sites of SrTiO₃ material with 40% of Ca²⁺ cations reduces the dielectric permittivity (ε'∽200), but is more stable over a wide frequency range [100 Hz -1 GHZ]. The Sr₀.₆Ca₀.₄TiO₃ ceramic prepared by sol-gel process has the highest electrical energy density (Wd = 0.149 J/cm³) under an electrical field Em = 105 kV/cm. The PVDF thick films were synthesized by Spin-Coating. The dielectric permittivity of pure PVDF thick films increases when increasing the thickness. The addition of BT and BTZ0.15 particles in the PVDF polymer matrix increases the dielectric permittivity of the composite PVDF/BT thick films (ε'=32 for 30% of BT particles) and PVDF/BZT0.15 ones (ε'=32 for 15% of BZT particles)
Caillierez, Antoine. "Etude et mise en oeuvre du transfert de l'énergie électrique par induction : application à la route électrique pour véhicules en mouvement". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC010/document.
Inductive power transfer has become a flourishing subject, considering the current geopolitical and environmental situation and the new technological possibilities. The electric road may lead to important and valuable consequences: extended range for electric vehicles and even hybrids, from a simple bonus to an infinite range, depending on the infrastructure set up, down-sized on-board batteries, reduction of the weight and cost of the vehicle and lowered importations of both battery cells and oil for the benefit of local investments .The solution developed uses a magnetic medium for the transfer. Therefore, it involves loosely coupled coils, implying inevitably strong leakage inductances and outstanding associated voltage drops. A new type of DC-DC converter was imagined to answer those issues. It is based on the concept of symmetry; a detailed analysis conducted with phasor diagrams leads to a specific working principle, which has been named the “voltage copying”. Thus, the DC/DC converter designed works with a realistic air-gap of 15 centimeters, a longitudinal tolerance to displacement up to +/-50% and a stable output voltage with low losses despite large coupling variations. And it all works without any communication between the ground part and the mobile part. These results make a dynamic charging seriously worth investigating.It requires to sequence the power supply of a multitude of small coils buried beneath the road surface, at the right time and for the right position. Putting inactive coils in a resonant short-circuit mode enables to use current measures to precisely detect the switching time from one coil to the next. This original solution, free of any position sensor, does not prevent the specific “voltage copying” property and the design principles developed in the first part
Gueorguieva-Faye, Diana. "Enjeux autour de l'énergie électrique éolienne en Ardèche.La construction sociale du plateau de Saint-Agrève". Phd thesis, Museum national d'histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00276321.
L'approche anthropologique est ici utilisée pour analyser la construction de l'acceptabilité sociale des éoliennes et la contradiction paysage/énergie/environnement au sein même des mouvements écologistes. L'étude de terrain sur le plateau de Saint-Agrève montre que l'identité locale peut aujourd'hui se construire autour d'un projet commun, un projet de production énergétique.
Chenailler, Hervé. "L'efficacité d'usage énergétique : pour une meilleure gestion de l'énergie électrique intégrant l'usager dans les bâtiments". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00771667.
Gueorguieva-Faye, Diana. "Enjeux autour de l'énergie électrique éolienne en Ardèche : la construction du plateau de Saint-Agrève". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MNHN0014.
After the ratification in 2001 of the European Directive on renewable energies France finds itself in a period of legislative and administrative adjustments of its energy policy regarding the wind energy. There is a reaction of often violent opposition coming from the near-by residents of future wind parks who push forward environment and democracy related problems. The anthropological approach is used here to analyze the built-up of social acceptability of the wind mills and the contradiction between landscape/energy/environment inside the environmental movements. The terrain survey of Saint-Agrève's plateau shows that today the local identity can be built around a common project which is a project of energy production
Missaoui, Rafik. "Le secteur informel de l'énergie dans le pays en développement : cas du Maghreb : Tunisie et Maroc". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0579.
The modern energy sector organised as the occidental model ha many deficiencies in developing countries : a large part of population is out of the conventionalenergy network. The traditional energy sector, based on the self-supply of non-industrial energies (wood, biomas. . . ), is not able to satisfy the new needs, emerging along with deep economic, social and cultural transformations of the developing world. To satisfy their energetic needs, the populations bring many original response. This new kind of energetic situations can not be described according to the classic approaches and tools. Many first-hand surveys in Tunisia and Morocco allowed us to analyse these situations. Then, we proposed the concept of informal energy sector to characterise these new situations and to explain the energetic behaviour of populations. More over, these situations have serious economic, social and environmental consequences, which justify a public intervention. So, we tried to propose some elements for an appropriate policy to manage the informal energy sector, in the maghrebian context
Bhattacharyya, Subhes Chandra. "La réforme des prix de l'énergie en Inde : impacts sur le secteur énergétique et sur l'économie". Université Pierre Mendès France (Grenoble ; 1990-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE21007.
Given that pricing policies can play a major role in improving the energy outlook of a country like india whose energy sector is facing serious problems, the principal objective of this study is to propose a satisfactory energy pricing policy for india on the one hand and to evaluate the sectoral and macro-economic impacts of such policy reforms on the other. A comparison of economically efficient prices of different products with the existing market prices reveals certain negative aspects of the current policies. However, subsidies on certain products can be justified on equity and socio-economic grounds. Moreover, it is emphasised that environmental concerns of energy use need to be taken into account in pricing policies in india. A set of hypotheses regarding energy pricing policy is then developed in order to analyse the impacts of a reform. The impact analysis is carried out at two levels, sectoral and macro-economic impacts are estimated using a small computable general equilibrium model. Our analysis highlights the following points: - a reform of energy prices constitutes a means of controlling commercial energy demand ; such a reform, however, might encourage an increased consumption of traditional energies ; - an energy price reform, except the case where external costs are internalised, exhibits certain disadvantages from an environmental viewpoint ; - an increase in energy prices will adversely affect gdp and the agricultural sector appears to suffer considerably ; the recycling of tax revenue offsets considerably the adverse effects ; - the balance of payment situation of the country does not show any appreciable change. Given the obstacles to reforms in india and to avoid possible adverse effects, it seems that a progressive and transparent reform process will be desirable. This may, however, need certain institutional changes
Lemieux, Dany. "Introduction de la concurrence dans le secteur de la production électrique au Québec". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61351.pdf.
Chenailler, Hervé. "L'efficacité d'usage énergétique : pour une meilleure gestion de l'énergie électrique intégrant les occupants dans les bâtiments". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00734291.
Yuan, Jinkai. "Elaboration et optimisation des composites comportant des nanotubes de carbone pour le stockage de l'énergie électrique". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00784198.
Morales, jadan Diego. "Développement de la gestion optimale de l'énergie électrique dans les îles Galápagos vers les Reséaux Intelligents". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT106/document.
The Galápagos Islands are an archipelago of volcanic islands located in the Pacific Ocean, 926 km west of continental Ecuador, of which they are a part. Since 1978, Galapagos Islands are accepted as Heritage World, due to the growth of the population, there are several social, economic and environmental problems, which endanger the environment conservation of the Islands.In this context, the Ecuadorian government desires to preserve its ecological heritage. Hence, with the participation of several stakeholders mainly the Ministry of Energy and Renewable Energy, it is releasing a lot of initiatives. In order to improve the general services that are provided in the islands, this goal will be achieved by means of reducing fossil fuel consumption and therefore CO2 emissions. Thus, this thesis has analyzed the impact of new services on the grid such as the mandatory replacement of conventional vehicles and cookers for efficient ones and to propose solutions for reducing negative issues originated on the network. Also, a strong integration of distributed generation is considered in the analysis.In addition, innovative solutions for both low and medium voltage have been designed and tested for improving the electrical service without affecting the environment and conserving this world heritage. For instance, a smart DSM program composed of Time of Use scheme combined with Demand Response has shown interesting results, the installation of a Battery Energy Storage System has been studied as well; the results in Medium Voltage are promising. An Automatic Phase Switching system is adapted like a solution for reducing unbalance in low voltage with impressive results. The deployment of reclosers has demonstrated a considerable improvement in the reliability with a Return on Investment very short.Considering the Information and Communication Technologies a key piece to deploy Smart Grids, the communication architecture of the Neighbor, Field and Home Area Networks is addressed. As last, an Energy Management System for performing optimal energy management within Galapagos is designed. All these studies have a significant challenge: the optimal management of electricity of isolated grid with zero fossil energy
Lymperopoulou, Ira. "La réforme du secteur de l'énergie en Grèce dans le contexte de la crise de la dette". Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01D019.
A new market design is taking place during the economic crisis for the Greek energy market. Greece, in order to able to receive loans of money, signed memorandums of understanding with the Troika, which included major reforms in the energy sector. Energy is a liberalized sector at European level, and Greece in addition to European and national legislation, had to apply measures imposed by the memorandums of understanding. These measures, on the one hand, aim to restructure the energy market, with the use of various instruments to consolidate competition. On the other hand, they envisage a metamorphosis of the role of the Greek state in the energy market. In this study we analyze at which extent the introduced reforms achieve a transition from a market closed to competition with monopoly rights of incumbent operators, towards a competitive Europeanized market for the benefit of consumers while contributing to the exit of the country from the economic crisis
Pronovost, Francis. "Développement d'un concentrateur solaire dans une perspective d'exploitation durable de l'énergie solaire". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27556/27556.pdf.
Tchouate, Héteu Pépin Magloire. "Contribution des énergies renouvelables au développement durable du secteur électrique: le cas du Cameroun". Université catholique de Louvain, 2003. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-12172003-125756/.
Chaabani, Mounir. "La contribution du secteur électrique au développement soutenable : application au cas de la Tunisie". Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020011.
Abdelli, Youcef. "Étude et commande de convertisseurs statiques multifonctions en vue de l'amélioration de la qualité de l'énergie électrique". Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2028.
This thesis presents a multi-function converter (MFC) as a viable solution to improve the power quality for three-phase three-wire or four-wire supply systems. The basic configuration of shunt active filter is first studied and used to compare performances obtained respectively with Variable Structure Control or a Resonant Current Controller. A multi module parallelable three-phase active power filters for high power non linear loads is also studied. The second part deals with energetic study and passive elements selection for the MFC. A simple control strategy which allows the MFC operating as a shunt active power filter (to improve the power-factor and to compensate harmonic and unbalanced currents drawn from non linear loads connected on the ac line), as a PWM rectifier (to supply dc power to its linear or pulsating load), as a battery charging for the energy storage and as an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) for critical non-linear loads is synthesised and discussed. Simulation results made by MATLAB/SIMULINK under several loads configurations are presented to show the effectiveness and the reliability of the multi-function converter concept. A mixed analogical-digital control using DSP is performed to validate theoretical study. Experimental results, obtained under balanced sinusoidal conditions are presented and discussed
Grossoleil, David. "Etude de l'hybridation d'énergie humaine, synthèse de commandes minimisant l'énergie consommée par un vélo à assistance électrique". Limoges, 2014. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/e64bb679-1855-427d-93c0-36b85f2dbe69/blobholder:0/2014LIMO4007.pdf.
Bicycle is a transportation mean whose major advantages with respect to individual cars are to decrease greenhouse effect and to improve the health of the rider. Electrically assisted bicycles (EAB) may impulse a technological breakthrough that would encourage massive modal shift from private car use to this virtuous transportation mode. The objective of this work is to improve the control of the assistance of the EAB with the conflicting objectives to maximize their autonomy while ensuring the rider comfort. This problem is formulated as an Optimal Control problem that minimizes the energy consumed under the constraint of an imposed average speed. The methodology is based on a multi-physics modeling of EAB and its rider. An instrumented EAB is used to calibrate an electro-mechanical modeling. The human behavior modeling is designed thanks to a literature study and measurements achieved on 14 cyclists. The human power behavior is modeled as a regulated power source. Control design is first based upon the Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle in the context of academic assumptions, it yields a reference solution. With weaker but more realistic assumptions, the control design is based on the Bellman’s Principle applied to a sampled problem. The problem is thus reformulated as finding an optimal path in an energy valued graph. The optimal path is found by an A* algorithm assisted by a well-adapted heuristic function. Moreover, a 18% reduction of the computation time is obtained by using an ad-hoc pruning method. Results show that the optimal control saves 12 % of energy and does not affect the cyclist’s behavior
Bousrih, Myriam. "Les motivations des alliances stratégiques : Application au secteur électrique européen : cas du rapprochement EDF ENBW". Paris 9, 2007. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2007PA090001.
The electric power industry is witnessing significant transformations dealing with the principles of the market organization. The reforms of the sector regulations modify the functioning rules, and in reply, the firms adapt their strategic behaviour through partner policies and alliances. Since 1996, several alliances cases have emerged. The present research work consists in the examination of motivations that are the origin of these partnerships inciting the big power companies to set off on a race to external growth. The first part of the thesis tackles the reconfiguration of the power industry in Europe and clarifies the different motivations of companies that decide to form an alliance (to get into a new market, pass the overcapacities, search considerable effect engendering important economies and synergies, base an effect power and a safety motivation). The second part focuses on the study of Edf and Enbw links through the analysis of synergies brought out by such alliance and the construction of possible progress scenarios for this alliance (starting from the analysis of strategic intentions of both Allies, a scenario of success or break down is built up)
Etxeberria-Otadui, Ion. "Sur les systèmes de l'électronique de puissance dédiés à la distribution électrique – Application à la qualité de l'énergie". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00382761.
Ignatova, Vanya. "Méthodes d'analyse de la qualité de l'énergie électrique : application aux creux de tension et à la pollution harmonique". Grenoble 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10157.
The power quality concerns all the actors in the energy domains, that they are network administrators, suppliers, producers, or consumers of electricity. The research work presented in this PhD thesis is situated in the field of the power quality monitoring. Its objective is to introduce new techniques for analysis of power quality problems. There different methods designed for the analysis of the power quality disturbances. This method reaches very good performances in the voltage dips analysis, as it allows segmenting, classifying and characterising these power quality disturbances. The periodic systems method allows the theorical study of the generation and the propagation of harmonic disturbances in the network. Finally, the statistical matrix method has the objective to represent statistically electrical signals without loss of important information
Guerin, Dalya. "Analyse des représentations de la Nature et de la Technique dans le secteur de l'énergie en France et au Royaume-Uni. Etude et comparaison symbolique des relations de l'Homme à son environnement dans l'énergie nucléaire et dans l'énergie renouvelable : Etude et comparaison symbolique des relations de l'Homme à son environnement dans l'énergie nucléaire et dans l'énergie renouvelable". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984260.
Ruscassie, Robert. "Contribution à l'étude des modes d'alimentation des lampes à décharge haute pression à halogènures métalliques en vue d'une application gradable pour l'éclairage urbain". Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20218.
Pain, Mario Saul. "Conception et réalisation d'un code NxOD destiné à l'étude du transport de l'énergie électronique dans les tokamaks". Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112073.
Hemche, Noureddine. "Étude et mise en oeuvre du transfert sans contact de l'énergie électrique et de l'information dans les systèmes embarqués". Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIE0112.
Berkoune, Karima. "Approche mathématique pour la modulation de largeur d'impulsion pour la conversion statique de l'énergie électrique : application aux onduleurs multiniveaux". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30310/document.
The power electronic converters are increasingly exploited in particular in applications requiring variable speed machines. The use of more effcient and more powerful components coupled with new multilevel structures widens the fields of application and allows high efficiency functioning. These converters are able to manage, with a suitable control, the energy transfer between different sources and different receivers depending on the used converter family. In the control interface, a particular pattern is used to generate control signais for the switches, it is the modulation. Generally, the modulation strategy takes two forms : a Modulation based on comparaison modulating - caiTier (Carrier based Pulse Width Modulation, (CPWM)) or a Vector Modulation (SVM). The purpose of the PWM is to generate a signal which has a mean value as nearest as possible to the desired sinusoidal signal. The usual control by PWM, in the case of multi-level architectures, requires as many triangular carriers as there are cells to be controlled within an arm. The modulation strategy selection for each multilevel topology is based on optimizing criterias related to the quality of the produced waveforms after the conversion. The choice of the variable to implement in the PWM scheme requires expertise of the experimenter and refers little to the initial mathematical model that can be established to characterize the operation of the power electronics architecture. Concerning the vector strategies SVM, the lack of a compatible model with PWM inverters is observed. The three-phase inverters with two or N voltage levels can be modeled in the form of equations of a compatible linear system that is written as V= f(a) in the case of a sinusoïdal PWM and V= f(1) in the case of SVM, with V represents phase voltages, ais a duty cycle and fthe switching instants. In this basic configuration, it is found that the matrix linking these voltages duty cycles (or switching times) adrnits no inverse, which means that it is not possible with the usuallinear functions theories to solve this system in order to express the duty ratios (or the instants of switching) as a function of the reference voltages. This is the reason that today a number of practical implementations of modulation is done after experimental analysis of the consequences of strategy choices on the variables of interest. This study proposes the development of a generic formulation for the modeling of voltage inverters and especially multilevel inverters. The development of generic models for the implementation of modulation strategies is illustrated. The extension of the average model to the three-phase systems is performed to the usual structures of N levels such as the floating capacity and H bridge inverters. The idea is to generalize the model to the multi-level architectures, whether by the sinusoidal PWM modulation expressing the alpha as an output variable, or by the SVM expressing tau. This thesis aims to define a modeling approach and mathematically express the set of solutions in order to generate modulation strategies for various architectures of inverters studied. This will be done using a tool for solving linear systems. This resolution is based on finding degrees of freedom, to be identified at first, then express them in a second step by establishing the link with the criteria to optimize for given architectures. Two examples of application have been implemented on conventional two levels of voltage inverters and the thtree levels flying capacitor voltage inverter