Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Scotch in Norway"

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Scotch in Norway"

1

Kleman, Johan. "The spectral reflectance of stands of norway spruce and scotch pine, measured from a helicopter". Remote Sensing of Environment 20, n. 3 (dicembre 1986): 253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(86)90046-5.

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Kask, P., e J. Frey. "VITALITY OF NORWAY SPRUCE AND SCOTCH PINE ASSESSED BY THE CROWN CLASS AND RADIAL INCREMENT". Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Ecology 3, n. 1 (1993): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/ecol.1993.1.02.

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Ul’yanovskii, Nikolay V., Aleksandra A. Onuchina, Anna V. Faleva, Natalia S. Gorbova e Dmitry S. Kosyakov. "Comprehensive Characterization of Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Lignan-Rich Coniferous Knotwood Extractives". Antioxidants 11, n. 12 (25 novembre 2022): 2338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11122338.

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Abstract (sommario):
A knotwood of coniferous trees containing large amounts of polyphenolic extractives is considered a promising industrial-scale source of lignans possessing antioxidant properties and other bioactivities. The present study is aimed at a detailed characterization of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of lignan-rich extractives obtained from the knotwood of the Norway spruce, Scotch pine, Siberian fir, and Siberian larch growing in the European North of Russia as a region with a highly developed forest industry. To achieve this, a comprehensive approach based on a combination of two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy with high-performance liquid chromatography—high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry, and the determination of antioxidant activity by the three complementary methods were proposed. The studied knotwood samples contained from 3.9 to 17% of extractive substances and were comparable to Trolox’s antioxidant activity in the single-electron transfer processes and superoxide radical scavenging, which is associated with the predominance of polyphenolic compounds. The latter was represented by 12 tentatively identified monolignans and 27 oligolignans containing 3–5 phenylpropane units in their structure. The extracts were characterized by an identical set of lignans and differed only in the ratios of their individual compounds. Other components of the knotwood were flavonoids taxifolin, quercetin (Siberian larch), and three stilbenes (pinosylvin, its methyl ester, and pterostilbene), which were identified in the Scotch pine extractives. Sesquiterpene juvabione and its derivatives were found in extracts of Siberian larch knotwood.
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Byers, John A. "Bark Beetles,Pityogenes bidentatus, Orienting to Aggregation Pheromone Avoid Conifer Monoterpene Odors When Flying but Not When Walking". Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/940962.

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Previous studies and data presented here suggest that odors from healthy host Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris) and nonhost Norway spruce (Picea abies), as well as major monoterpenes of these trees at natural release rates, significantly reduce the attraction of flying bark beetles,Pityogenes bidentatus, of both sexes to their aggregation pheromone components grandisol andcis-verbenol in the field, as tested by slow rotation of trap pairs. In contrast,P. bidentatusmales and females walking in an open-arena olfactometer in the laboratory did not avoid monoterpene vapors at release rates spanning several orders of magnitude in combination with aggregation pheromone. The bark beetle may avoid monoterpenes when flying as a mechanism for avoiding nonhost species, vigorous and thus unsuitable host trees, as well as harmful resinous areas of hosts. Inhibition of this flight avoidance response in beetles after landing would allow them to initiate, or to find and enter, gallery holes with high monoterpene vapor concentrations in order to feed and reproduce.
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Jaakkola, Lotta Maaria, Timo Päiviö Helle, Jussi Soppela, Markku Tapio Kuitunen e Mikko Juhani Yrjönen. "Effects of forest characteristics on the abundance of alectorioid lichens in northern Finland". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, n. 11 (1 novembre 2006): 2955–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-178.

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Quantitative knowledge of the abundance of epiphytic alectorioid lichens (Bryoria spp., Alectoria spp., and Usnea spp.) is important when evaluating the carrying capacity of the winter pastures of semidomesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus (L., 1758)) and woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin, 1788)). This study, including a total of 234 sample plots, presents data on the biomass of alectorioid lichens in mature forests for the most common forest site types in the national parks of Oulanka, Pallas-Ounastunturi, and Lemmenjoki in northern Finland and relates them to forest stand characteristics. The biomass of alectorioid lichens on trees was estimated using the clump method in which the existing clumps of lichen thalli on branches are compared with clumps of lichens of known dry mass. Estimated biomasses were corrected by equations describing the ratio of estimated to measured biomass. We found the highest mean lichen biomasses (120 kg·ha–1) in subdry, Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) dominated sites above the timberline of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Below that timberline, the highest lichen biomasses were found in fresh (productive) sites dominated by Norway spruce. There the site-specific differences were mainly associated with tree species composition. Though in many previous studies forest age has been an important indicator of total lichen biomass, in our study areas lichen abundance was most commonly correlated with total volume of forest stands. The correlation of biomass with forest volume suggests that substrate availability was the most important limiting factor for alectorioid lichens in our study area. However, it is premature to say whether that is a common feature in northern forests over larger geographic areas.
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Byers, John A. "A Population Genetic Model of Evolution of Host-Mate Attraction and Nonhost Repulsion in a Bark BeetlePityogenes bidentatus". Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/529573.

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Studies have shown that the bark beetlePityogenes bidentatus(Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) avoids volatiles of nonhost trees (Norway Spruce, birch, and oak) and healthy host Scotch Pine when orienting to aggregation pheromone. A population genetic model of two behavioral genes was hypothesized where AA, Aa, and aa were allele combinations regulating orientation to host tree and pheromone odors, and BB, Bb, and bb were combinations allowing avoidance of nonhost and unsuitable host odors. The nine possible genotypes were assigned different survival factors that remained constant during simulation. The initial proportion of aabb genotype (little aggregation/host response and little avoidance of nonhosts) was ~1.0 when a mutation was hypothesized that caused better orientation to host/beetle odors (Aabb) and another mutation causing more efficient avoidance of nonhosts (aaBb). After these initial mutations, the model used indiscriminate mating of genotypic proportions and subsequent survival as input for each successive generation. The results indicate that AABB eventually fixates in the populations in some scenarios, while AABB and other genotypes reach stable equilibriums in other models depending on genotypic survival values supported by ecologically sound assumptions. The models indicate how development of insecticide resistance in pest insects may proceed.
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Царалунга, Vladimir Tsaralunga, Прохорова, Nadezhda Prokhorova, Воронин e ANDREY VORONIN. "FOREST PATHOLOGY CONDITION OF FOREST STAND GEOGRAPHICAL PARK OF PROF. B. M. KOZO-POLYANSKY BOTANICAL GARDEN, VORONEZH STATE UNIVERSITY". Forestry Engineering Journal 7, n. 1 (15 agosto 2017): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/25190.

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For the ecology of the big city it is very important to have such a significant woodland, as, for example, natural and artificial plantings of Prof. BM Kozo-Polyansky Botanical Garden, Voronezh State University. The article briefly characterizes the botanical garden, its origins and the present conditions. The main goal of the definition of forest pathology and health status of all the stand has been put on one of the key areas of the botanical garden referred to as "Northern ravine oak wood." In conducting research we use standard methods of forest inventory and forest pathology examination with appropriate post-processing. The detailed data on the composition, taxation rates and conditions of the studied plants are given. Complete loss of the composition of exotic species planted in 30-x – 70-ies of the last century is revealed and we determine an accelerated death of English oak and European white birch, which is actively being replaced by Norway maple and Scotch elm. Comparative analyzes of forestpathological characteristics of the main forest-forming species of this area is made, and conclusions about the lack of competitiveness of such artificially planted exotic species as the horse chestnut, bitternut walnut and European larch in natural groves stands is drawn. A list of found external characteristics of each species diseases in the surveyed forest stand is given. On English oak leading pathological features are: shrinkage of the skeletal branches and inboard hollows. On the Norway maple there are also a lot of dead skeletal branches, and a lot of trees with pathological forms of the barrel. The main conclusion of the work lies in the fact that the stock data on shrunken and especially drying trees testify to the strong weakening of the stand. Conducting sanitary measures in the form of selective sanitary cutting is required for its recovery.
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Malík, V., e J. Stuchlý. "Risk factors influencing the probability of browsing by hoofed game on forest trees". Journal of Forest Science 53, No. 8 (7 gennaio 2008): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2179-jfs.

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In this paper we analyze how selected risk factors determine the probability of browsing by hoofed game on forest trees. Risk factors covered by the model are: tree species (Norway spruce or Scotch pine), time period (season: spring + summer or autumn + winter) and chemical structure of bark (content of selected nutrients and chemical elements). We use a logit model for these purposes. We formulate the model and perform linear transformation by the natural log. Since the disturbance term in the logit model is heteroscedastic, we cannot use the ordinary least-squares method to estimate the parameters of the model. In this case the maximum likelihood method included in STATGRAPHICS Plus for Windows program is used for its estimation. We use a random sample of data including 59 trees. We do the interpretations of the estimated parameters and other characteristics. We demonstrate how the estimated probabilities depend on the considered factor. The model explains 44.1% of variations of the logits, the model is statistically significant. All regression coefficients are significant at least at 12% confidence level. Among the main explanatory variables (content of P, Ca, NO<sub>3</sub>, tree species and season), the P and Ca contents in the bark of the tree are the most important factors influencing the probability of future damage to the tree.
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Ilinov, Aleksey A., Boris V. Raevsky e Olga V. Chirva. "The state of gene pool of the basic forest-forming species of the white sea watershed (on the example of a Picea × fennica (Regel) kom. And Pinus sylvestris L.)". Ecological genetics 18, n. 2 (8 luglio 2020): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen19006.

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Background. The genetic diversity of forest tree species populations is a key factor contributing to their resistance against negative effects of human activity, and the global climate change. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the state of gene pools of the main forest-forming species in the White Sea watershed. Materials and methods. Five populations of Norway spruce and seven populations of Scotch pine have been selected within the Arctic zone of the European part of Russia (the western part of the White Sea watershed), along with two boundary ones located near the northern borders of the abovementioned species areas. The analysis of the spruce samples had been performed using five nuclear SSR loci, while for the pine samples it was four. DNA fragments were separated on a sequencer CEQ 8000. The main criteria of the genetic diversity (A99%, Ho, He) and F-statistics were calculated. Results. The marginal spruce populations were characterized by the largest magnitude of the genetic diversity (Ho = 0.46; He = 0.47) and isolation (FST = 0.33) compared to other populations of the same species. The differences were statistically significant. All pine populations studied demonstrated a higher level of genetic diversity (Ho = 0.50, He = 0.63) compared to spruce populations. The differences between the boundary and in-area populations were not statistically reliable (FST = 0.04). Conclusion. Our investigation revealed a sufficiently high level of spruce and pine northern populations genetic diversity making them able to withstand expected negative effects of anthropogenic activity and global climate change.
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Nosnikov, Vadim. "Reforestation in Belarus: From the history up to the present time". REFORESTA, n. 3 (1 luglio 2017): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21750/refor.3.08.32.

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The forest has always played a big part in Belarus. At present it covers about 40% of area of the country`s territory. Predominantly the forests are of natural origin. The main species are Pinus sylvestris L. (Scotch pine), Betula pendula Roth (European white birch) and Picea abies (L.) Karst. (Norway spruce). The other valuable species are Quercus robur L (English oak), Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. (European alder), Larix decidua Mill. (European larch), Abies alba Mill. (Silver fir). The history of the forest management in Belarus showed that over last 150 years the enormous damage to the qualitative and quantitative composition of forests had been made by wars and reconstruction of destroyed industry. The taken reforestation measures allowed to increase the forest area significantly, however, the work on improving of forests` quality requires further development. At present the artificial forest regeneration prevails in the republic. Over the past five years the volumes of established forest plantations range from 21 to 25 thousand hectares annually, the areas of assistance to the natural regeneration – from 4 to 6 thousand hectares annually. By now there are about 1,700 ha of the forest seed orchards, 2,795 plus trees and 1,125 ha of the plus stands in the republic. The cultivation of planting stock for needs of reforestation is carried out on 73 forest tree nurseries with a total area of 1,440 ha. Annually over the last five years there were grown from 270 to 317 million seedlings and transplants, among them 30-35 million seedlings were grown in greenhouses and about 6 million were container seedlings. In order to improve the gene resource and thereby to increase the productivity and quality of future forests, the tendency of forest plantations` prevalence in the reforestation process of Belarus should remain, but in this case the volumes of partial forest plantations should be increased.
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Tesi sul tema "Scotch in Norway"

1

Moberg, Lennart. "Models of knot properties for Norway spruce and Scots pine /". Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5855-2.pdf.

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Wallertz, Kristina. "Pine weevil feeding in Scots pine and Norway spruce regenerations /". Alnarp : Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2009. http://epsilon.slu.se/200960.pdf.

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Stattin, Eva. "Root freezing tolerance and storability of Scots pine and Norway spruce seedlings /". Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5639-8.pdf.

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Wilhelmsson, Lars. "Characterisation of wood properties for improved utilisation of Norway spruce and Scots pine /". Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-6300-9.pdf.

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Hilli, A. (Anu). "The effect of crop quality and pre-treatment on germination in Scots pine and Norway spruce seeds". Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2009. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514290121.

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Abstract Weather conditions during the growing season are determining the size and quality of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seed crop in northern areas. Pathogens, fungi, and insects also have an effect on seed crops. The varying quality of seeds from forest stands and seed orchards does not full fill the germination requirements of tree nurseries. Multi-phase pre-treatment are therefore used in forest tree seed centres to improve seed lots quality. The main objectives of this study were to analyse long-term variation in the size and quality of Scots pine seed crops in Northern Finland. Determine the impact of fungal injuries on the structures of Norway spruce seeds. To detect changes in the germination capacity and rate of Norway spruce seeds during pre-treatment phases and to determine the impacts of short-term and long-term storage on the germination of treated seeds. The study found that in most years, regeneration of Scots pine in Northern Finland is limited by quantity as well as quality the seed crop. The long-term average of the Scots pine seed crop was 77seeds/m2 and the long-term average expected germination percentage was 61%. Aeciospores of the inlad spruce cone rust Chrysomyxa pirolata (Körnicke) Wint. were found to form inside Norway spruce seeds, destroying the nucellar layers and reducing germination of seeds. In general, the germination capacity and rate of Norway spruce seeds increased during pre-treatment phases. The germination capacity of seeds increased about 30% and the rate by more than 40% during pre-treatment. During long-term storage the germination capacity and rate of pre-treated Scots pine seeds were preserved better in frozen storage than in cool storage. It was found that pre-treated Scots pine forest stand seeds can be stored for several years in frozen conditions. The germination capacity and rate of pre-treated orchard seeds were effected significantly more than those from forest stands. It is therefore recommended that Scots pine seeds from orchards be stored without pre-treatment. The germination capacity and rate of treated Norway spruce seeds from orchards was not significantly different after one year of storage.
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Kinnunen, H. (Heli). "Surface structure, wax and methanol-extractable compounds in Scots pine and Norway spruce needles enhanced UV-B". Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 1999. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514252799.

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Abstract Increased amounts of epicuticular waxes and UV-absorbing compounds, such as flavonoids, and smaller leaf/needle surface area are plant defence mechanisms against UV-B radiation. The response of the needle epicuticular waxes of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) seedlings to increased UV-B were investigated in short-term and long-term greenhouse experiments. In a more realistic long-term field experiment with mature Scots pines, the methanol-extractable UV-absorbing compounds were also analysed. Some significant changes were observed in the wax tube distribution (WTD, %) and the amount of waxes in Norway spruce seedlings in the short-term Belgian greenhouse experiment (UV-BBE 0, 11.3 and 22.6 kJ m-2 d-1), but no changes were detected in Scots pine seedlings. No changes in waxes were observed in the long-term Finnish greenhouse experiment (UV-BBE 0, 2.2–6.6 and 5.6–16.8 kJ m-2 d-1), where both the Norway spruce and the Scots pine seedlings seemed to respond by having smaller needle surface areas. A field experiment (UV-BBE 0.5–2.4 kJ m-2 d-1 and 0.7–5.1 kJ m-2 d-1) with mature Scots pines revealed no significant changes in WTD during the three growing seasons or the amount of waxes during the third growing season. In the long-term field experiment the amount of UV-absorbing compounds varied significantly between seasons and/or needle age classes. Elevated amounts of these compounds were already observed in the three-day-old needles and also in the oldest (c + 2) needles when the waxes were still undeveloped or already somewhateroded. No significant differences in the amount of UV-absorbing compounds were observed between the treatments during the first and second growing seasons. During the third growing season, needles of all ages contained significantly or slightly less UV-absorbing compounds in supplemental UV-B than in the ambient treatment, possibly due to cumulative effects of UV-B in already inhibited pigment synthesis. This suggests that these defence mechanisms are not efficient enough to prevent the UV-B-induced damage in the long term.
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Warensjö, Mats. "Compression wood in Scots pine and Norway spruce : distribution in relation to external geometry and the impact on dimensional stability in sawn wood /". Umeå : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00000415/.

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Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2003.
Thesis documentation sheet inserted. Appendix includes reprints of five papers and manuscripts, four co-authored with others. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; online version lacks appendix.
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Sanders, J'aimé L. "The art of existentialism: F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, Norman Mailer and the American existential tradition". Scholar Commons, 2007. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2350.

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The purpose of my research is to examine the philosophic influences on three literary works: F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, Ernest Hemingway's Death in the Afternoon, and Norman Mailer's An American Dream. Through an investigation of biographical, historical, cultural, and textual evidence, I will argue for the influence of several European philosophers---Friedrich Nietzsche, Søren Kierkegaard, and Martin Heidegger---on these authors and on the structures and messages of their works. I will discuss how the specific works I have selected not only reveal each author's apt understanding of the existential-philosophical crises facing the individual in the twentieth century, but also reveal these authors' attempt to disseminate philosophic instruction on the "art of living" to their post-war American readers. I will argue that Fitzgerald, Hemingway, and Mailer address what they see as the universal philosophical crises of their generations in the form of literary art by appropriating and translating the existential concerns of existence to American interests and concerns. I will argue that Fitzgerald, Hemingway, and Mailer's emphasis on the individual's personal responsibility to first become self-aware and then to strive to see the world more clearly and truly reflects their own sense of responsibility as authors and artists of their generations, a point of view that repositions these authors as prophets, seers, healers, so to speak, of their times. Finally, I will discuss how, in An American Dream, Mailer builds on the Americanized existential foundations laid by Fitzgerald and Hemingway through his explicit invocation of and subtle references to the art and ideas of his literary-philosophic predecessors---Fitzgerald and Hemingway.
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Sanders, J'aimé L. "The art of existentialism : F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, Norman Mailer and the American existential tradition". [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002224.

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Bengtsson, Peter. "Development towards an efficient and sustainable biofuel drying". Doctoral thesis, Växjö : Växjö University Press, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5166.

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Libri sul tema "Scotch in Norway"

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Flower-Ellis, J. G. K. Vertical life-tables for Scots pine and Norway spruce needles from the forest limit in Swedish Lapland. Uppsala: Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Institutionen för ekologi och miljövård, 1994.

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Flower-Ellis, J. G. K. Vertical life-tables for Scots pine and Norway spruce needles from the forest limit in Swedish Lapland. Uppsala: Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Institutionen för ekologi och miljövård, 1994.

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Z, Spalvin̦š, Ozols G. Ė, Pirags D. M, Zinātnes un ražošanas apvienība Silava. e Latvijas zinātniskās pētniecības mežsaimniecības problēmu institūts., a cura di. Zashchita sosny i eli v Latviĭskoĭ SSR. Riga: "Zinatne", 1989.

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Hasenauer, Hubert. Ein Einzelbaumwachstumssimulator für ungleichaltrige Fichten-, Kiefern- und Buchen-Fichtenmischbestände. Wien: Österreichische Gesellschaft für Waldökosystemforschung und experimentelle Baumforschung, Universität für Bodenkultur, 1994.

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Lundgren, Lennart. Studies on low-molecular phenolic constituents in conifer needles. Uppsala: Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 1987.

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Nova Scotia. Provincial Normal School., a cura di. Opening of the Provincial Normal School, Truro, N.S. [Halifax, N.S: s.n.], 1986.

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Pan, Hefeng. Studies on phenolic and terpenoid constituents extracted from bark of birch, spruce and pine in Sweden. Uppsala: Dept. of Chemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 1995.

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Normal School of Nova Scotia. Register and circular with brief history and condition of the Normal School of Nova-Scotia, 1862. [Halifax, N.S.?: s.n., 1986.

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Code, G. Lewis. In search of a Canadian metropolis: Getting back to the Gras roots of metropolitanism. North York, Ont: Urban Studies Programme, Division of Social Science, York University, 1996.

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Huntford, Roland. Race for the south pole: The expedition diaries of Scott and Amundsen. London: Continuum, 2011.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Scotch in Norway"

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Kindermann, Gerald, Katja Hüve, Stefan Slovik, Herbert Lux e Heinz Rennenberg. "Emission of hydrogen sulfide by twigs of coniferes — a comparison of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.)". In Nutrient Uptake and Cycling in Forest Ecosystems, 421–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0455-5_48.

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Cochran, Thomas C. "Gras, Norman Scott Brien (1884–1956)". In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 5436. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_819.

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Cochran, Thomas C. "Gras, Norman Scott Brien (1884–1956)". In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–2. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_819-1.

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Jones, Elizabeth, e Russell David Keenan. "Haemostasis: Normal Physiology, Disorders of Haemostasis and Thrombosis". In Scott-Brown’s Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 259–74. Eighth edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2018] | Preceded by Scott-Brown’s otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203731031-26.

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Zhang, Junling, e Eckhard George. "Root proliferation of Norway spruce and Scots pine plants in response to local magnesium supply". In Physiologie und Funktion von Pflanzenwurzeln, 131–36. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-87180-0_18.

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Venäläinen, Ari, Kimmo Ruosteenoja, Ilari Lehtonen, Mikko Laapas, Olli-Pekka Tikkanen e Heli Peltola. "Climate Change, Impacts, Adaptation and Risk Management". In Forest Bioeconomy and Climate Change, 33–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99206-4_3.

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AbstractUnder the moderate future greenhouse gas emissions scenario (RCP4.5), climate model simulations project that the annual mean temperature will increase in Europe by up to 2–3 °C by the middle of this century, compared to the end of the nineteenth century. The temperature increase is projected to be larger in Northern Europe than in Central and Southern Europe. The annual precipitation is projected to decrease in Southern Europe and increase in Northern and Central Europe. The projected changes in temperature and precipitation are expected to be higher in the winter than in the summer months. In Northern Europe, forest growth is generally projected to increase due to warmer and longer growing seasons. In southern Europe in particular, warmer and dryer summers are projected to decrease forest growth. Climate change is expected also to expose forests and forestry to multiple abiotic and biotic risks throughout Europe. The greatest abiotic risks to forests are caused by windstorms, drought, forest fires and extreme snow loading on trees. The warmer climate will also increase biotic risks to forests, such as damage caused by European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) outbreaks in Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests and wood decay by Heterobasidion spp. root rot in Norway spruce and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forests. Different adaptation and risk management actions may be needed, depending on geographical region and time span, in order to maintain forest resilience, which is also important for climate change mitigation.
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Turunen, Minna, Satu Huttunen e Jaana Back. "Observations on the Effects of Acid Rain Treatment on Needle Surfaces of Scots Pine and Norway Spruce Seedlings". In Air Pollutants and the Leaf Cuticle, 315–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79081-2_28.

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Eriksson, Harry, e Kjell Karlsson. "Long-Term Changes in Site Index in Growth and Yield Experiments with Norway Spruce (Picea abies, [L.] Karst) and Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris, L.) in Sweden". In Growth Trends in European Forests, 79–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61178-0_8.

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9

Douglas, Angela E. "March 22, 2020". In Nature on the Doorstep, 3–6. Cornell University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501768118.003.0001.

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This chapter discusses the author's dilemma of whether to restock their bird feeders. House sparrows lack prudence in their eating habits, very different from the author's regular customers, the chickadees, the tufted titmice, the downy woodpeckers, and the juncos, and the occasional visitors, the Carolina wrens, the house finches, and the red-bellied woodpeckers. The author describes their estate, presenting a tour of the backyard and the trees that are planted there. These trees include the red maple, a black walnut, and a group of Norway spruce and Scotch pine. A week after the refill of the bird feeders, the suet holder is empty and the seed holder nearly so, courtesy of the house sparrows and a pileated woodpecker.
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"Nova Scotia, Norway and England, 1938-43". In An Unsettled Spirit, 248–60. University of Calgary Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781552384718-015.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Scotch in Norway"

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Nassar, Sayed A., Jianghui Mao, Xianjie Yang e Douglas Templeton. "Effect of Adhesives on the Mechanical Behavior of Thick Composite Joints". In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57692.

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In this paper, experimental and numerical methods are used to study the deformation and interfacial failure behavior of an adhesively-bonded thick joint made of multi-layer S2 glass/SC-15 epoxy resin composite material. The adhesive material is 3M Scotch-Weld Epoxy Adhesive DP405 Black. Continuum damage mechanics models are used to describe the damage initiation at or near the interface and final failure process. The effect of adhesive overlap length, thickness and plasticity on the interfacial shear stress and normal stress are studied. Experimental and analytical data are used to validate the proposed damage models.
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Petersson, Lisa. "The shift from Scots pine to Norway spruce in southern Swedish forestry: consequences for biodiversity". In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107387.

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3

Liepiņš, Jānis, e Kaspars Liepiņš. "Mean basic density and its axial variation in Scots pine, Norway spruce and birch stems". In Research for Rural Development, 2017. Latvia University of Agriculture, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.23.2017.003.

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Keefe, Douglas J., e Joseph Kozak. "Tidal Energy in Nova Scotia, Canada: The Fundy Ocean Research Center for Energy (FORCE) Perspective". In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49246.

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Ocean energy developments are appearing around the world including Scotland, Ireland, Wales, England, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Korea, Norway, France Portugal, Spain, India, the United States, Canada and others. North America’s first tidal energy demonstration facility is in the Minas Passage of the Bay of Fundy, near Parrsboro, Nova Scotia, Canada. The Fundy Ocean Research Center for Energy (FORCE) is a non-profit institute that owns and operates the facility that offers developers, regulators, scientists and academics the opportunity to study the performance and interaction of instream tidal energy converters (usually referred to as TISECs but called “turbines” in this paper.) with one of the world’s most aggressive tidal regimes. FORCE provides a shared observation facility, submarine cables, grid connection, and environmental monitoring at its pre-approved test site. The site is well suited to testing, with water depths up to 45 meters at low tide, a sediment -free bedrock sea floor, straight flowing currents, and water speeds up to 5 meters per second (approximately 10 knots). FORCE will install 10.896km of double armored, 34.5kV submarine cable — one for each of its four berths. Electricity from the berths will be conditioned at FORCE’s own substation and delivered to the Provincial power grid by a 10 km overhead transmission line. There are four berth holders at present: Alstom Hydro Canada using Clean Current Power Systems Technology (Canada); Minas Basin Pulp and Power Co. Ltd. with technology partner Marine Current Turbines (UK); Nova Scotia Power Inc. with technology partner OpenHydro (Ireland) and Atlantis Resources Corporation, in partnership with Lockheed Martin and Irving Shipbuilding. In November 2009, NSPI with technology partner OpenHydro deployed the first commercial scale turbine at the FORCE site. The 1MW rated turbine was secured by a 400-tonne subsea gravity base fabricated in Nova Scotia. The intent of this paper is to provide an overview of FORCE to the international marine energy community during OMAE 2011 taking place in Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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Pham, Thi Quan H., Bari R. Hanafi e Martha Oliver Withjack. "THE INFLUENCE OF NORMAL FAULTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLYGONAL FAULT SYSTEMS, PENOBSCOT AREA, OFFSHORE NOVA SCOTIA, CANADA". In Joint 52nd Northeastern Annual Section and 51st North-Central Annual GSA Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017ne-291592.

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Jansone, Baiba, Linards Sisenis, Irina Pilvere, Marcis Vinters e Karlis Bickovskis. "Influence of drainage reconstruction on radial increment of conifers: case study". In Research for Rural Development 2020. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.26.2020.006.

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Drainage ensures flow of water and access of oxygen to the roots of the trees. Therefore, melioration systems have been established in a third of the forest area of Latvia, and for the most part highly productive stands can be observed in these areas. Water flow in these systems is often stopped by beaver dams. The aim of our case study was to assess the impact of ditch reconstruction on the increment of the coniferous trees. Increment cores were collected from 169 trees at a distance up to 45 m from the ditch in the drainage system that was reconstructed 8 years prior. Drainage system reconstruction reversed the trend of declining radial increment for both Scots pine and Norway spruce; however, the influence of this measure over an 8 year period was statistically significant, notable (55%) and positive only for Norway spruce, growing closest to the edge of the ditch. Other growth limiting factors need to be considered and tackled to ensure the highest effect of the investment in drainage system reconstruction, including choice of the tree species, stand density, age, availability of nutrients.
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PIVORAS, Ainis, Marius MIKALAJŪNAS, Diana JUONYTĖ e Gintaras PIVORAS. "INTEGRATED EFFECT OF CLIMATE AND AIR POLLUTANTS ON DIURNAL TREE RING FORMATION OF SCOTS PINE, NORWAY SPRUCE AND SILVER AND DOWNY BIRCH TREES STEM CIRCUMFERENCE". In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.099.

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The integrated effect of climatic and other abiotic stress factors including surface ozone on diurnal tree ring width formation of the prevailing in Lithuania tree species as the main response parameter of tree capacity to adapt to and mitigate the recent global changes was investigated. The obtained data revealed that Norway spruce is better adapted to recent climatic conditions in temperate forest than birch trees. Even during the drought episode spruce stem increment exceeded increment of the rest of considered tree species. Silver and Downy birch tree reactions revealed the lowest sensitivity of these tree species not only to unfavorable environmental factors but also to favorable factors which should stimulate tree growth intensity. This is why the growth intensity of this tree species recently has been gradually decreasing. The hypothesis that the coniferous species are more adaptive to recent climate changes was confirmed. The study is based on the results obtained conducting national project supported by Lithuanian Council of Research “FOREstRESS” (SIT- 3/2015).
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Bickovskis, Karlis, Valters Samariks e Aris Jansons. "Effect of forest stand thinning on tree biomass carbon stock". In 23rd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2024.23.tf009.

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Forest store significant amount of carbon and carbon stock in living tree biomass is amongst the largest carbon pools in forest ecosystems. Forest management practises, such as thinning, can improve tree growth, and increase carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems, thus be beneficial for achieving climate change mitigation goals. However, information about additional carbon stock increase as a result of thinning in the first 10 years is lacking in hemiboreal region. Therefore, this study investigates the additional carbon stock of the most common tree species (Scots pine, Norway spruce, and Silver birch) on mineral soils in hemiboreal forest of Latvia, focusing on the effects of thinning 5 and 10 years after. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of first commercial thinning on gained additional carbon stock of living tree biomass. Our results show, that thinning has a positive effect on additional carbon stock and timely performed thinning is crucial for the best outcome. Performing thinning in a timely manner results in a significantly higher additional carbon stock, as trees exhibit a more pronounced response, with biomass production peaking at younger age. Positive effect of thinning on additional carbon storage decreases with the age. This study provides valuable insights into the nuanced relationships between the tree species, stand age, and the temporal effects of thinning on carbon accumulation. The observed trends underscore the importance of forest management strategies that consider both species-specific traits and stand age for effective climate change mitigation.
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Weiss, H. J., V. T. Turitto e H. R. Baumgartner. "FACTORS INFLUENCING FIBRIN DEPOSITION ON SUBENDOTHELIUM". In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642950.

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During the past several years, we have initiated studies to determine the role of plasma factors and platelets, and the properties of the blood vessel, which influence the activation of the coagulation mechanism on the subendothelium. Studies were performed by exposing everted segments of de-endothelialized rabbit aorta, mounted in a perfusion chamber, to non-anticoagulated human blood for 5 to 10 minutes under a range of flow conditions, and measuring fibrin and platelet deposition on the subendothelium, and fibrinopepstide A (FPA) levels in post-chamber blood. In normal subjects, platelet deposition increased progressively with increasing shear rates (50-2600 sec-1 ), whereas fibrin deposition and FPA levels decreased sharply at shear rates greater than 650 sec-1 . To examine the role of plasma coagulation factors, we utilized a shear rate of 650 sec-1 to study patients with severe deficiencies of factors XII, XI, IX or VIII. In contrast to the partial thromboplastin time (PTT), which was most strikingly abnormal in patients with factor XII or XI deficiency, fibrin deposition and FPA levels were greater in patients deficient in factor XII or XI than in those with factor VIII or IX deficiency. In addition, we observed smaller platelet thrombi in hemophilia (but not afibrinogenemia), suggesting that thrombin influenced the formation of platelet thrombi under these shear conditions. The findings suggested that tissue factor-Vila activation of factor IX could be important in mediating fibrin deposition on subendothelium and might explain why patients with factor XII deficiency (and some with factor XI deficiency) do not bleed. Initial studies to demonstrate tissue factor activity in subendothelium were inconclusive. More recently, utilizing shorter (1.5, 2 and 3 min) perfusion periods, we have observed decreased fibrin deposition and FPA levels in patients with factor VII deficiency and we have obtained further support for the presence of tissue factor in subendothelium in experiments utilizing a monoclonal antibody to tissue factor. Our studies suggest that activation of factor IX by tissue factor-Vila could account for the results obtained in patients with plasma coagulation defects. Direct experimental verification of this hypothesis will require more extensive studies on the kinetics governing the activation of coagulatjon factors on the subendothelium. In subsequent studies, we examined the role of platelets in mediating fibrin deposition. At a shear rate of 650 sec-1 we found (utilizing patients with thrombocytopenia) that platelets were required for fibrin deposition ; little or no fibrin was deposited on the subendothelium when platelet adhesion was less than 4%, corresponding to blood platelet counts less than 5000/ul. Studies performed in patients with functional platelet disorders provided additional information on the specific platelet properties that contribute to fibrin deposition at this shear rate. Decreased fibrin deposition was observed in a patient with Scott Syndrome, a disorder characterized by an impaired capacity of the platelets to catalyze the conversion of factor X to factor Xa (in the presence of factor IXa and VIII) and prothrombin to thrombin (in the presence of factor Va), the latter defect owing to a decreased factor Xa-binding capacity of the platelets. In contrast to the findings in Scott Syndrome, both fibrin deposition and FPA values were completely normal (and possibly increased) in patients with glycoprotein Ilb/IIIa deficiency. In patients with glycoprotein lb deficiency, the major defect was an impaired association of fibrin with platelets, but not subendothelium. The findings in patients with functional platelet disorders indicate that a monolayer of platelets (including those deficient in glycoprotein Ilb/IIIa) is completely active in promoting fibrin deposition on subendothelium. In addition, they suggest that an agent capable of inducing a platelet defect similar to that observed in Scott Syndrome might prevent platelet-fibrin thrombi at shear rates (200-800 sec-1 ) comparable to those in the coronary circulation. Studies performed at a variety of shear rates in both normal subject^ and patients with platelet disorders suggested that, under the conditions used, platelets were essential for fibrin formation at intermediate (650 sec-1 ), but not low (50 sec-1 ) shear rates. Since platelets have been shown to bind activated coagulation proteins (such as factor Xa, Va, and IXa) to their surface, the presence of adherent platelets on the subendothelium could, with increasing shear rates, serve to maintain activated coagulation proteins in the .boundary layer at a concentration that would otherwise be reduced through convective diffusion in their absence. Thus, at low shear rates (50 sec-1 ), the concentration of activated coagulation factors in the boundary layer might be sufficient to support fibrin deposition despite the absence of platelets, whereas at very high shear rates (2,600 sec-1 and above), even the presence of platelets is insufficient to maintain the required concentration. The shear-dependent defect of fibrin formation that we observed in Scott Syndrome is consistent with such a theory. The results of our various studies demonstrate the complex role of blood flow, plasma coagulation factors, specific platelet properties, and the procoagulant properties (tissue factor) of the vessel in mediating subendothelium-induced coagulation and suggest further experiments for studying the mechanisms involved.
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Macdonald, Kenneth A., e Craig Russell. "Design and Welding Challenges in the Infield Flowlines of the Encana Deep Panuke Development". In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31626.

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Designing and constructing subsea flowlines to address the implications of aggressive hydrocarbon well fluids — and selecting suitably corrosion-resistant materials for such applications — typically proves challenging and often leads to the specification of clad, lined, or solid corrosion resistant alloy (CRA) linepipe materials. Design and construction guidance for such flowline systems is presently not comprehensive in offshore pipeline standards, even for cases where the thickness of the CRA layer is ignored in the structural design. Acergy are designing, procuring and installing a series of technically challenging infield flowlines within the Encana Deep Panuke gas prospect located off the coast of Sable Island, Nova Scotia. Presently being developed, first gas from the Deep Panuke field is scheduled for the third quarter of 2010 following the tie-in of the infield flowlines to their respective subsea production wellheads. These flowlines are to be installed using the Acergy Falcon, a vessel which has an installation system based on a variable angle J-lay principle and plastic deformation of the pipe. The four 8in production flowlines are clad linepipe comprising a 12.5 mm WT grade 415 (X60) carbon steel substrate with an internal 2.5mm Incoloy Alloy 825 clad layer that is metallurgically bonded to the mother pipe. The single 3in acid gas flowline is solid Inconel Alloy 625. The nominal level of installation plastic strain for the project ranges up to 1.675% in the case of the 8in line. Both lines will be welded by manual GTAW using Inconel 686 filler material. The pipelines are designed and fabricated in accordance with DNV OS-F101 supplemented by new guidance emerging from a DNV joint industry project on clad and lined materials. Metallurgically clad and mechanically bonded (lined) products present a mixture of common and unique challenges when designing and welding flowlines. The existing production limits for pipe dimensions in clad material have for some time now existed on the very cusp of design requirements, especially when using only the thickness of the steel substrate to resist the design loads. Indeed, recently the design demands of some projects have clashed with the available linepipe geometry and the mechanical properties of the clad layer material have of necessity been taken account of in the structural design. The dominant offshore design code, DNV OS-F101, is presently unable to offer specific guidance for including the clad layer and it is only in 2009 that joint industry research has established a viable design methodology for pressure containment wall thickness design which includes the strength effect of the clad layer. In addition to discussing the Deep Panuke design challenges and the welding philosophy for clad pipe, this paper also draws on approaches to welding and NDT successfully taken for the Statoil Tyrihans project in Norway, which used lined pipe material. The general welding philosophy adopted accommodates the continued inability of AUT systems to reliably inspect CRA weldments without false indications from normal metallurgical weld features. A proven approach is taken using intermediate inspection of the root and hot pass using real-time radiography (RTR); effecting any repairs needed; and then re-inspecting the weld upon fill and completion using RTR again. The importance of — and difficulty in — achieving adequate weld metal yield strength in CRA weldments is also discussed.
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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Scotch in Norway"

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Goodwin, Peter. Metadata Report for 2022 Matheson Wetland and Vegetation Mapping. Utah Geological Survey, marzo 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ofr-748.

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The Scott and Norma Matheson Wetlands Preserve (the Preserve) occupies nearly 900 acres between the Colorado River and city of Moab, Utah, and encompasses an extensive floodplain-wetland complex that provides several unique functions in the arid west such as recreation, educational opportunities, and crucial aquatic habitats for sensitive wildlife species. The ability of the Preserve to provide these functions is related to water supplies from surrounding groundwater and surface water systems and is likely to be affected by upgradient changes in water use and delivery to the Preserve. The Nature Conservancy (TNC) and the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (UDWR) jointly manage the Preserve and contracted the Utah Geological Survey (UGS) to conduct a multi-year study that would better inform managers with the baseline data, research, and monitoring necessary to evaluate potential impacts and develop strategies that maintain the ecological health of the Preserve. As part of this multi-year study, the UGS mapped vegetation communities to reflect current habitat and conditions and serve as a baseline for further groundwater studies, remote sensing analyses, or management actions.
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