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Tesi sul tema "Scientific Teams"
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McElroy, Charles Patrick. "HOW ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES BUILD INTERDISCIPLINARY KNOWLEDGE CLAIMS: CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE AFFORDANCES UNDER CONFLICTING INSTITUTIONAL LOGICS". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1493172605970172.
Testo completo
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Ordonez-Matamoros, Gonzalo. "International Research Collaboration, Research Team Performance, and Scientific and Technological Capabilities in Colombia: A Bottom-Up Perspective". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26534.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This dissertation examines the ways international research collaboration affects the ability of Colombian research teams to produce bibliographic outputs, and to contribute to local knowledge. Research hypotheses are tested using Zero Inflated Negative Binomial Regression models to account for the effects of international research collaboration on team output while controlling for team characteristics, partner characteristics, scientific discipline, sector, the characteristics of the teams' home institution, and team location. The study uses control groups and the Propensity Score Matching approach to assess the overall impact of international research collaboration on research team performance while controlling for the effects of endogeneity and selection bias.
Results show that international research collaboration is positively associated with both team output and teams' ability to contribute to local knowledge. The study shows that such effects depend on the type of collaboration chosen and the type of partner involved. Particularly, it shows that while co-authoring with colleagues located overseas or receiving foreign funding positively affects team performance, hosting foreign researchers does not seem to affect a team's productivity or its ability to contribute to local knowledge once all other variables are held constant. It also finds that collaborating with partners from the South yields greater productivity counts than collaborating with partners from the North, but that collaboration with partners from northern countries is strongly associated with a team's ability to contribute to local knowledge, while collaboration with partners from southern countries is not. Theoretical and policy implications of these and other counterintuitive findings are discussed.
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Abbonato, Diletta. "The role of artificial intelligence for societal challenges". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAB004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse examine le rôle de l'intelligence artificielle (IA) dans la résolution des problèmes sociétaux, en se concentrant sur son impact sur la recherche scientifique, le développement industriel et les perceptions du public. Chapitre 1 explore les résultats scientifiques des collaborations interdisciplinaires entre les médecins et les spécialistes de l'IA pendant la pandémie COVID-19. Chapitre 2 traite de l'impact de Transformers sur la science, en mettant l'accent sur le codéveloppement de la technologie de l'IA entre les universités et l'industrie. Chapitre 3 explore les perceptions du public sur les principales technologies de la quatrième révolution industrielle (4IR). La thèse considère l'IA comme une technologie transformatrice, appelant à une gouvernance proactive afin d'optimiser ses avantages et d'atténuer ses risquesThis thesis examines the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in addressing societal challenges, focusing on its impact on scientific research, industrial development, and public perceptions. Chapter 1 explores the scientific outcome of interdisciplinary collaborations between physicians and AI specialist during the COVID-19 pandemic. Chapter 2 discusses the impact of Transformers on science, with a focus on the co-development of AI technology between universities and industry. Chapter 3 explores public perceptions on the main technologies of fourth industrial revolution (4IR). The thesis positions AI as a transformative technology, calling for proactive governance to optimize its benefits and mitigate its risks
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Mejer, Malwina. "Essays on patent systems and academic patenting". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209623.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The past decade has witnessed a second academic revolution with the new role of contributing to economic growth and social development assigned to universities. A real phenomenon embedded in this new role is the right given to universities to file for a patent protection over publicly funded research and the possibility to retain financial returns from its license or selling. The aim of this thesis is to better understand this phenomenon and its relationship to scientific production.Starting with the role patents pay in stimulating innovation, Chapter 2 assesses the cost of rewarding and enforcing exclusive patent rights in Europe and discusses implications for patenting at universities.
Chapter 3 aims to document patenting at universities in Belgium by applying the definition of university-invented patents. It challenges the ‘European Paradox’, the view that despite being good in producing science, European research institutions are not successful in transferring it to the real economy.
Chapters 4 and 5 investigate the relationship between patenting and scientific productivity. Chapter 4 questions the critique that patenting at universities may have a detrimental effect on scientific progress. Chapter 5 challenges the view that knowledge diversity increases group ability to innovate. It further enhances our understanding of how different ways of achieving diversity affect team inventive performance.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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McCarthy, Claire Natasha. "Kinds : natural, nominal, scientific Kind terms in science and commonsense". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406357.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this thesis I argue that science and common sense do not recognise the same kinds in nature, and hence the reference of kind terms in scientific and ordinary language differs. Therefore, a satisfactory philosophical account of natural kinds and their names should respect these differences. I begin by describing the account of natural kinds and their names offered by Putnam and Kripke, showing that their 'causal account' of reference predicts that kind terms in science and in ordinary language should agree in their extension. I then review cases from biology, chemistry, physics and the social sciences that suggest this is not the case - that the kind terms in these sciences differ from seemingly comparable terms in ordinary language. I go on to describe a notion of incommensurability devised by Thomas Kuhn, based on translatability and translation failure. I then show that the differences between science and common sense, employed to critique the causal view, show that science and common sense are incommensurable in Kuhn's sense. I take this to show that no satisfactory account of natural kinds can offer a single set of kinds and kind terms, and a single story of their nature, for both science and common sense. I then discuss accounts of kind concepts in developmental psychology, to see how these explanations of the nature and development of lay-concepts relates to the incommensurability thesis. I then deal with issues that may arise in light of the thesis; for example, explaining how the layman, steeped in common sense, can learn scientific theory. This leaves me in a position to clear the ground for a positive account of kinds and kind terms - surveying, in the light of the foregoing discussions, what must be included in, and excluded from, a satisfactory account,
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Wababa, Zola. "How scientific terms are taught and learnt in the Intermediate Phase". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2189.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (MEd (Curriculum Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study seeks to investigate how a language is used in teaching and learning of natural science in the intermediate phase, with specific reference to the way in which isiXhosa (learners’ home language) is used alongside English (the resource language and medium of teaching and learning). My research investigated teaching and learning practice materials in two classes and studied the roles of English and isiXhosa in mediating cognitively challenging subject content, particularly natural science concepts and terminology. In chapter two I refer to different theoreticians to advance my argument around the use of language as a tool to promote cognitive development and conceptual understanding in areas of academic learning in this case, natural science. I looked at work done internationally on cognitive development and then explored numerous research projects conducted on the same issue in an African context around the use of indigenous languages in teaching and learning. I also explored the Language in Education Policy underpinning the natural science curriculum statement, particularly the distinction between additive and subtractive bi/multilingualism. I will discuss the language of science and investigate how this highly specialised natural science jargon is used to convey understanding of science to learners who are not native speakers of English. Classroom observations and interviews with teachers are used to gain insight into the use of both isiXhosa and English in everyday teaching and learning. Teaching and learning materials such as textbooks and learners’ work are also explored. These are attempts to determine how natural science concepts and terminology are explained to learners and which language is used and for what purposes? The study concludes that the lack of materials in isiXhosa, coupled with unplanned code switching to English and the extensive use of English borrowings affect learners’ ability to understand cognitively challenging material.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek hoe taal gebruik word in die onderrig en leer van natuurwetenskap in die interim fase met spesifieke verwysing na die wyse waarop isiXhosa (die leerders se huistaal) saam met Engels (die taal van hulpbronne en van onderrig-leer). My navorsing het die onderrig en leer praktyke van en materiaal in twee klasse ondersoek en die rolle van isiXhosa en Engels bestudeer waar kognitief-komplekse leermateriaal, veral natuurwetenskap konsepte en terminologie gebruik is. In hoofstuk twee verwys ek na verskeie teoretici om my argument oor die gebruik van taal as instrument om kognitiewe ontwikkeling en konseptuele begrip van natuurwetenskap (in hierdie geval) te bevorder, te ondersteun. Ek ondersoek internasionale perspektiewe op kognitiewe en konseptuele ontwikkeling in akademiese kontekste, in hierdie geval natuurwetenskap, opgevolg deur ‘n verskeidenheid van navorsingsprojekte op dieselfde onderwerp in die konteks van Afrika, veral wat betref die gebruik van inheemse tale in leer en onderrig. Ek neem die Taal in Onderrig Beleid onderliggend aan die natuurwetenskap kurrikulumverklaring in ag, met spesifieke verwysing na die onderskeid tussen aanvullende en afbrekende twee- en meertaligheid. Die taal wat in die natuurwetenskappe gebruik word, word ook onder die loep geneem en die ondersoek fokus op die wyse waarop hierdie hoogs gespesialiseerde vaktaal gebruik word om natuurwetenskap by leerders wat nie huistaalsprekers van Engels is nie, tuis te bring. Klaskamerwaarneming en onderhoude met onderwysers is gebruik om insig te verkry in die gebruik van beide isiXhosa en Engels in daaglikse onderrig en leer. Onderrig- en leermateriaal soos handboeke en leerders se werk is ook ondersoek. Hierdie is gedoen om uit te vind hoe natuurwetenskap konsepte en terminologie aan leerders verduidelik word en watter taal gebruik word vir watter doeleindes. Die studie kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat ‘n gebrek aan onderrig- en leermateriaal saam met onbeplande kodewisseling tussen Engels en Afrikaans en die uitgebreide gebruik van leenwoorde uit Engels beïnvloed die leerders se vermoë om kognitief komplekse materiaal te verstaan.
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Malcolmson, Elaine. "Coming to terms : an investigation of free-choice learning, scientific literacy and health literacy". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6397/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The term free-choice learning has received relatively recent support, having been favoured by John Falk from around 2001. Free-choice learning can be described most simply as “the type of learning that occurs most frequently outside of school” (Falk, 2001, p.6). Free-choice science learning has connections with the research areas of science communication, the public understanding of science, public engagement with science and, in particular, informal learning. Additionally, Falk introduced the idea of working knowledge of science as, “knowledge generated by the learner’s own interests and needs” (Falk, Storksdieck and Dierking, 2007, p.464). This thesis explored the terms free-choice learning and working knowledge of science in order to gain a better understanding of their meaning and their importance. The work was carried out to address the following research questions: 1. Can the BodyWorks exhibits be used as a tool to provide evidence of free-choice learning and working knowledge? 2. Can the BodyWorks exhibits be used as a tool to gain a better understanding of free-choice learning and working knowledge? 3. What can be gained from revisiting scientific and health literacy concepts from the perspective of free-choice learning and working knowledge? 4. Can best practice with regards to free-choice learning and working knowledge be shared between the fields of scientific and health literacy? Glasgow Science Centre’s BodyWorks exhibits were used as a tool to empirically investigate free-choice learning and working knowledge. Data were gathered using semi-structured interviews and staff diaries. It was found that 93% of participants referred to some type of free-choice learning experience when discussing the BodyWorks exhibits. A better understanding of free-choice learning and working knowledge was achieved. Free-choice learning and working knowledge were used as a lens through which to revisit the concepts and definitions of scientific literacy and health literacy. This theoretical work provided an insight to key themes developing in this literature and directions for future research. The results of both the empirical and theoretical parts of this thesis combined to produce implications for free-choice learning providers, formal education, the health sector and society. Most importantly the results presented ideas on how these groups could utilise free-choice learning and working knowledge to their benefit.
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Zylberstein, Jonathan. "Translating terms and cultural aspects from English to Swedish in a social scientific text about gastronomy". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26447.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The present study deals with the translation of a text about tourism and gastronomy. The analysis focuses on the translation of cultural words and terminology. The aim of the study was to analyse the translation problems that may arise in an academic text dealing with tourism and gastronomy, and see what strategies are usable to handle these problems. The translation strategies that are used in the analysis are Vinay & Darbelnet’s (2008) and Newmark’s (1988). A number of different translation problems were addressed, for instance how to deal with borrowings and with cultural adaptations.
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Ngobeni, Mkateko Melidah. "An analysis of zero equivalence in the translation of scientific terms from English into Northern Sotho". Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1130.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.A. (African Languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2013This study entails the translation of scientific terms from English into Northern Sotho. The reason one conducted this study is because translators experience difficulties in finding the correct equivalent terms, especially in Northern Sotho. Consequently, borrowing and transliteration of terms becomes their last resort. However, that does not help users of dictionaries to achieve their communicative goal. The study highlights that, the borrowing of terms leads to language shift and death as users no longer consider other equivalents. In addition, the study indicates that the constant usage of the borrowed terms causes the terms to lose meaning and function. The way in which people translate idiomatic expressions is a huge problem as well. Mostly, people end up using literal translation and subsequently, the whole meaning of a text is lost or misunderstood.
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Eriksson, Rebecca. "Differences in Applying the Terms “Sex” and “Gender” Across Scientific Authors Active in English and Non-English Speaking Countries". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184141.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of this present study was to examine whether scientific authors active in English-speaking countries differ from those in non-English-speaking countries in their use of the terms ‘sex’ and ‘gender’. Based on earlier science, findings have shown that the first language (L1) and second language (L2) differ in the neural processes of the brain and working memory. Research has also shown that women tend to communicate in a more polite and involved manner compared to men. Based on such findings, we compare authors’ tendency to use the terms sex and gender correctly, as a function of their sex and whether they were affiliated to a country with English as first language (EFL) or English as second language (ESL). The hypothesises of this study were (1) scientists affiliated to universities located in EFL countries are more likely to use the terms sex and gender correctly, compared to scientists affiliated to universities in ESL countries, and (2) female scientists are more likely to use the term gender, when they are actually referring to sex, than male scientists and are also less likely to use the term sex when they are referring to gender, compared to male scientists. Results supported the first but not the second hypothesis. Further results are analyzed and discussed based on theories from cognitive science.Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om vetenskapliga författare som är verksamma i engelsktalande länder skiljer sig från dem i icke-engelsktalande länder när det gäller att använda de engelska termerna ”sex” och ”gender”. Baserat på tidigare vetenskap har fynd visat att första språket (L1) och andraspråket (L2) skiljer sig åt i arbetsminne och hjärnans neurala processer. Forskning har också visat att kvinnor tenderar att kommunicera på ett mer artigt och involverat sätt jämfört med män. Baserat på sådana resultat jämför vi författarnas tendens att använda termerna kön och kön korrekt, som en funktion av deras kön och om de var affilierade till ett land med engelska som första språk (EFL) eller engelska som andraspråk (ESL). Hypoteser i denna studie var (1) forskare som är anslutna till universitet i EFL-länder är mer benägna att använda termerna kön och kön korrekt, jämfört med forskare som är anslutna till universitet i ESL-länder, och (2) kvinnliga forskare är mer benägna att använda begreppet gender, när de faktiskt menar sex, än manliga forskare och är också mindre benägna att använda termen sex när de menar gender, jämfört med manliga forskare. Resultaten stödde den första men inte den andra hypotesen. Ytterligare resultat analyseras och diskuteras utifrån teorier från kognitionsvetenskap.
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Al-Muhannah, Amin. "Scientific and technological terms transfer into Arabic : a corpus-based study of Arabic Noun+Noun and Noun+Adjective compounds". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2003. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498617.
Testo completo
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Momesso, Ana Carolina. "Trajetória da ciência da informação brasileira: análise a partir de seus temas de pesquisa". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27151/tde-31102017-154311/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
O trabalho apresentado configura-se como um estudo cientométrico cujo objetivo foi identificar a trajetória da Ciência da Informação no Brasil, a partir da análise das temáticas da produção dos Programas de Pós-Graduação da área. A pesquisa combinou elementos quantitativos e qualitativos, num estudo exploratório, de natureza aplicada, calcada no levantamento de dados documentais necessários à interpretação do problema estudado. Foram selecionadas para a análise 284 teses produzidas entre os anos de 2009 e 2015 nos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Informação da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Universidade de Brasília (UNB), Universidade de São Paulo (USP) e Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). Para a classificação das teses utilizou-se instrumento constituído de cinco categorias temáticas: 1. Fundamentos em Ciência da Informação, 2. Organização e Processamento da Informação, 3. Gestão da Informação, 4. Tecnologias da Informação e 5. Transferência da Informação. Os resultados demonstraram que no período analisado a categoria 1 concentrou o maior número de pesquisas (31%), seguida da categoria 2 (26%), categoria 5 (22%), categoria 3 (14%), e menor concentração na categoria 4 (7%). Apesar de concentrar o maior número de pesquisas, os Fundamentos da Ciência da Informação vêm se sustentando na legitimidade e autoridade científica conquistada pela Bibliometria e no argumento da Interdisciplinaridade dando pouca atenção às pesquisas teóricas e conceituais. As demais categorias demostraram resultados que corroboram pesquisas anteriores em que a Organização, Gestão e Transferência da informação configuram como temáticas mais investigadas na área. Conclui-se que as pesquisas da área ainda se mostram mais relacionada à solução de problemas da atividade profissional e menos voltada para a consolidação conceitual e epistemológica da própria área.The work here presented is a Scientometrics study whose objective was to identify the historical trajectory of Information Science in Brazil by analyzing Graduate Courses\' themes in the field. The research combined quantitative and qualitative elements in a exploratory, applied study, built upon a survey of documentary data necessary to the interpretation of the studied problem. 284 dissertations from the years between 2009 and 2015 were selected from the graduate schools in the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), University of Brasília (UNB), University of São Paulo (USP) and São Paulo State University (UNESP). To classify the dissertations an instrument was used constituted of five thematic categories: 1. Fundamentals of Information Science, 2. Organization and Processing of Information, 3. Information Management, 4. Information Technology and 5. Information Transfer. The results show that, in the analyzed period, category 1 concentrated most of the research (31%), followed by category 2 (26%), category 5 (22%), category 3 (14%) and, with the lowest concentration, category 4 (7%). Although concentrating the greatest number of research, the fundamentals of Information Science sustains itself in the scientific legitimacy and authority acquired by Bibliometrics and in the argument of Interdisciplinarity, giving few attention to theoretical and conceptual research. The other categories show results that corroborate previous research where the Organization, Management and Transfer of Information were the most investigated themes in the field. The conclusion was that research in the field still relates itself more with solution of problems in professional activities and less with conceptual and epistemological consolidation of its own field.
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TALEBZADEH, SAEED. "Data Mining in Scientific Databases for Knowledge Discovery, the Case of Interpreting Support Vector Machines via Genetic Programming as Simple Understandable Terms". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/202257.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Support Vector Machines (SVM) method is a powerful classification technique as a data mining application. This methodology has been applied in many scientific researches in wide variety of fields in the recent decades and has proved its high efficiency, performance, and accuracy. In spite of all the advantages of Support Vector Machines, it has an important drawback that is related to the interpretability difficulty of the produced results which are not easily understandable. This disadvantage highlights more especially for scientific cases in which the main purpose is knowledge discovery from the databases, and not just classifying the data. This research is an attempt to cover this weakness via an innovative and practical technique. In this Methodology, adequate number of points of the decision boundary for classification must be distinguished, afterwards, a Symbolic Regression (SR) technique must be applied on the obtained points. In the current developed method, Genetic Programming (GP), that is an evolutionary algorithm, is being used for the Symbolic Regression part of the procedure. Based on the presented materials, the developed procedure and algorithm in this research was called SVM-GP methodology that is a technique for presenting the results of Support Vector Machines as a simple and easily understandable algebraic mathematical equation. The performance and efficiency of the developed methodology have been tested on several synthetic databases with different conditions which led to produce a versatile code for solving high-dimensional problems. Next, the algorithm have been applied for classification of three real-world cases and interesting knowledge was extracted from them. The discovered information is useful for the related researches, meanwhile, it provides evidence for the importance of SVM-GP methodology and its high performance, efficiency, and accuracy for scientific cases.
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Noccioli, Carlos Alexandre Molina. "Análise das estratégias linguístico-discursivas na divulgação de temas tabu na revista Superinteressante". Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2010. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4827.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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Previous issue date: 2010-12-20This work, which is inserted in the theoretical and methodological framework of Discourse Analysis of science communication and associated with the Theory of Representations, aims to analyze the linguistic and discursive processing of information on thematic topics traditionally seen as taboo, those ones related to sexual issues that represent man and woman, and published during the year 2008 in Superinteressante, a Brazilian magazine of scientific dissemination; highlighting how knowledge is socially represented when considering the editorial line of the magazine. The results of our analysis show that the Superinteressante promotes a closer relation between the scientific-technical information and the typical concepts of the usual social relationships, advertising and, at the same time, fostering the curiosity about the knowledge that involves human sexual aspects. However, the magazine in question does not seem to be just a vehicle for dissemination of knowledge whose only scope is to make information more accessible, but rather, it demonstrates its communicative purpose is to be ironic about topics considered taboo, longing for a greater identification with their readership. Thus, the language of Superinteressante is not simply constituted of a divulgation record to the general public, but of a facetious language that informs and educates the reader on some knowledge of scientific feature, through anecdotes and humorous language games.
Este trabalho, inserido no quadro teórico-metodológico da Análise do Discurso da Divulgação Científica, associado à Teoria das Representações Sociais, busca analisar o tratamento linguístico-discursivo das informações acerca de tópicos temáticos tradicionalmente vistos como tabu relacionados a questões sexuais que representam o homem e a mulher, publicados durante o ano de 2008, na revista brasileira de divulgação científica, a Superinteressante, destacando-se como o conhecimento em questão é representado socialmente ao se considerar a linha editorial da revista. Os resultados de nossa análise comprovam que a Superinteressante promove a aproximação entre a informação técnica-científica e as concepções típicas das relações sociais habituais, divulgando e, ao mesmo tempo, fomentando a curiosidade em relação ao conhecimento que envolve os aspectos sexuais humanos. Entretanto, a revista em análise não parece ser apenas um veículo de difusão de conhecimento cujo único escopo seja tornar a informação mais acessível; ao contrário, demonstra ter como propósito comunicativo ironizar temas de caráter científico considerados tabu, em vista de uma maior identificação com seu público leitor. Assim, a linguagem da Superinteressante não é simplesmente constituída de um registro divulgativo destinado ao público geral, mas de uma linguagem chistosa que (in)forma o leitor sobre certos conhecimentos de caráter científico, por meio de anedotas e jogos de linguagem jocosos.
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Мазун, М. О., Olena Anatoliivna Kyrychenko, Елена Анатольевна Кириченко e Олена Анатоліївна Кириченко. "Переклад термінів". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/46694.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Типовою ознакою науково-технічної літератури є значна насиченість її термінами. Відмінність терміна від звичайного слова залежить, передусім, від його значення. Терміни виражають поняття, властиві лише конкретній галузі науки і техніки. Науково-технічні терміни як мовні знаки, що репрезентують поняття спеціальної, професійної галузі науки або техніки, становлять суттєву складову науково-технічних текстів і є однією з головних причин виникнення труднощів при перекладі з огляду на їх неоднозначність, відсутність перекладних відповідників (у випадку термінів-неологізмів) та національну варіативність [3].
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Ribeiro, Janaina Matias. "Intervenção didática abordando a perspectiva CTSA com estudantes de iniciação científica de uma escola de Ensino Médio Inovador do agreste paraibano". Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2787.
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Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-20T12:19:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Janaína Matias Ribeiro.pdf: 40281855 bytes, checksum: efa3906046d58c8a28b4e2c5d2ffc75b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-19
Inside a social context deeply marked by the science and by the technology, one talks, inside and out of the academic community, the necessity of formation in such an extent, offering to a citizen subsidies to participate in the active and conscious form in the taking decision that they affect to themselves and to the world to his outline. In this sense, the Education on basis of the presuppositions CTSA (Science, Technology, Society and Environment) is shaped like an alternative. The present study had as I aim to analyse an educational intervention followed the perspective CTSA, taking students of initiation as a white public cientifica of a public school of Innovatory Secondary education, in the local authority of Esperança (PB). In the inquiry, of qualitative nature, the data were collected in three moments. Initially opted for examining the pedagogical political project of the school, in order to meet its educational proposal. After it was applied a questionnaire and an interview with the teacher responsible for the discipline of scientific initiation and research. Lastly was mounted on a proposal for a course directed by the education CTSA in the discussion of environmental issues. Were conducted five meetings which sought to discuss about science, water, solid waste, and the relationship between man and environment from methodologies varied as music, animation, reading, introduction, discussion, lectures, games, poetry, writing, videos and drawingsThe results show that the school does not present conceptions of an education CTSA in his teaching proposal, even with the directions of the national education stimulating this discussion. The teacher of the discipline of Scientific Initiation and Inquiry has no experience with the education CTSA, which reflects the absence of this type of discussion in his practice. The fulfilled experience, in the perception of the pupils, contributed for the reflection on science and relevant environmental and social subjects for formation citizen. They showed off participativos and filled with enthusiasm with the proposed activities, specially those who presented playful character.
Diante de um contexto social profundamente marcado pela ciência e pela tecnologia, discute- se, dentro e fora da comunidade acadêmica, a necessidade de formação em tal âmbito, oferecendo ao cidadão subsídios para participar de forma ativa e consciente nas tomadas de decisões que afetam a si e ao mundo ao seu redor. Neste sentido, a Educação com base nos pressupostos CTSA (Ciência, Tecnologia, Sociedade e Ambiente) se configura como uma alternativa. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar uma intervenção didática, orientada pela perspectiva CTSA, tendo como público alvo estudantes de iniciação científica de uma escola pública de Ensino Médio Inovador, no município de Esperança (PB). Na pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, a coleta de dados foi realizada em três momentos. Incialmente optou-se pela análise do projeto político pedagógico da escola, visando conhecer sua proposta de ensino. Após foi aplicado um questionário e uma entrevista com o docente responsável pela disciplina de Iniciação Cientifica e Pesquisa da instituição, a fim de conhecer sua experiência com a Educação CTSA. E por fim foi montada uma proposta de curso orientado pela educação CTSA na discussão de temáticas ambientais. Foram realizados cinco encontros que buscaram discutir sobre ciência, água, resíduos sólidos, e a relação homem-meio a partir de metodologias variadas como músicas, animação, leitura introdutória, debate, aulas expositivas, jogos, poesia, produção de texto, vídeos e desenhos. Os resultados demostraram que a escola não apresenta concepções de uma educação CTSA em sua proposta de ensino, mesmo com as orientações da educação nacional incentivando essa discussão. O professor da disciplina de Iniciação Científica e Pesquisa não possui experiência com a educação CTSA, o que reflete a ausência desse tipo de discussão na sua prática. A experiência realizada, na percepção dos alunos, contribuiu para a reflexão sobre ciência, temas ambientais e sociais relevantes para formação cidadã. Eles se mostraram participativos e entusiasmados com as atividades propostas, especialmente nas que apresentaram caráter lúdico.
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Яремко, А. О. "Особливості перекладу науково-технічних термінів". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/52097.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Науково-технічний прогрес становить невід’ємну частину життя сучасного суспільства. Без перекладу науково-технічної літератури, яка включає в себе широкий спектр різноманітних монографій, посібників, документації, збірників статей тощо, неможливий розвиток та функціонування наукової діяльності. Основне завдання перекладача – достовірно, найбільш точно передати інформацію від одного користувача іншому, таким чином щоб уникнути помилок та непорозумінь.Научно-технический прогресс является неотъемлемой частью жизни современного общества. Без перевода научно-технической литературы, которая включает в себя широкий спектр различных монографий, пособий, документации, сборников статей и т.п., невозможно развитие и функционирование научной деятельности. Основная задача переводчика - достоверно, наиболее точно передать информацию от одного пользователя другому, таким образом, чтобы избежать ошибок и недоразумений.
Scientific and technological progress is an integral part of the life of modern society. Without the translation of scientific and technical literature, which includes a wide range of different monographs, manuals, documentation, collections of articles, etc., the development and functioning of scientific activity is impossible. The main task of an interpreter is to reliably, most accurately transfer information from one user to another, in such a way as to avoid mistakes and misunderstandings.
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Rabello, Cleiton Eduardo. "Terminologia científica e terminologia técnico/tecnológica: um estudo contrastivo". Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2016. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5379.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-06-14T13:29:00Z
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Cleiton Eduardo Rabello_.pdf: 1244857 bytes, checksum: c7ff119863885a243423abd401bacbe4 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-14T13:29:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cleiton Eduardo Rabello_.pdf: 1244857 bytes, checksum: c7ff119863885a243423abd401bacbe4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-20
CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Pró-Sinos - Consórcio Público de Saneamento Básico da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio dos Sinos
Esta tese tem por objetivo a investigação dos processos de formação de termos, examinando-se como a dimensão cognitiva das diferentes áreas ou subáreas do conhecimento se mostra nas escolhas lexicais para a formação morfológica das unidades especializadas. Além disso, partimos do pressuposto de que os termos das grandes áreas especializadas, área científica e técnico/tecnológica, apresentam características distintas, mesmo que compartilhem algumas, o que justifica que sejam examinados de modos diferentes. A pesquisa se apoia nos fundamentos trazidos por Sager (1993), Temmerman (2000) e Cabré e Estopà (2007) em relação aos diferentes processos de formação terminológicas, que possibilitam a criação de termos. Partimos do pressuposto de que a dimensão cognitiva das áreas ou subáreas de especialidade exerce significativa influência na formação morfológica dos termos e que, devido a essa influência, os termos passam a refletir o conhecimento dos setores dos quais se originam. O corpus da pesquisa é composto por 240 termos selecionados a partir de glossários e dicionários especializados e de manuais técnicos de quatro diferentes subáreas especializadas: Dermatologia, Geologia, Indústria moveleira e setor de Manutenção, Reparo e Revisão de aeronaves (MRO). A análise partiu da organização dos termos de acordo com seus respectivos processos de formação morfológica. Depois disso, a partir de mapas conceituais desenvolvidos para cada setor de especialidade, analisou-se o papel da dimensão cognitiva nos processos de formação. Mediante a análise, foi possível identificar que os conhecimentos específicos de cada área são acionados na formação dos termos e que, através das escolhas morfológicas realizadas, se mostram nas unidades de especialidade. Além disso, foi possível identificar diferenças na configuração dos termos das diferentes áreas, o que justifica que sejam divididos em distintas categorias, científica e técnico/tecnológica, e que, a partir disso, sejam examinados de modo particular.
This thesis aims to investigate the formation processes of the terms, examining how the cognitive dimension of the different areas or subareas of knowledge are shown in lexical choices for the morphological formation of specialized units. Moreover, we assume that the terms of large specialized areas, scientific and technical/technological, have different characteristics, even though they share some, which justifies be examined by different ways. The research is based on the foundations brought by Sager (1993), Temmerman (2000) and Cabré and Estopà (2007), in relation to the different terminological processes that enable the creation of terms. We assumed that the cognitive dimension of the areas or subareas of specialty has significant influence on the morphological formation of terms and that due to this influence, the terms tend to reflect the knowledge of the sectors from which they originate. The corpus of the research consists of 240 terms that were selected from glossaries and specialized dictionaries and technical manuals of four different specialized sub-areas: Dermatology, Geology, Furniture industry and MRO sector. The analysis was started with the organization of the terms according to their morphological formation processes. After that, from conceptual maps developed for each specialty sector, we analyzed the role of cognitive dimension in the training process. With the analysis, it was possible to identify that the specific knowledge of each area is used during the formation of terms and, through morphological choices made, are shown in the specialty units. Moreover, it was possible to identify differences in the arrangement of the terms of different areas, which justifies that be divided into different categories, scientific and technical/technological, and, from that, may be examined in particular.
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Strefezza, Tayná Figueiredo. "As ilhas interdisciplinares de racionalidade na formação continuada de assessores pedagógicos : uma proposta interdisciplinar para o ensino de temas socioambientais /". Bauru, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192375.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Orientador: Ana Carolina Biscalquini TalamoniResumo: A Região Metropolitana da Baixada Santista apresenta uma grande biodiversidade de espécies animais e vegetais devido à presença de diferentes ambientes aquáticos: rios e riachos costeiros, manguezais, costão rochoso, praias e ambiente marinho. Contudo, os municípios são extremamente afetados pelas ações antrópicas, colocando em risco todos os ecossistemas e seu equilíbrio. Desta forma, parte-se do pressuposto de que as escolas devem abordar de maneira permanente e articulada questões socioambientais relacionadas à região onde estão inseridas, habilitando os alunos para a resolução de problemas envolvendo sua realidade. Para que os professores de todas as disciplinas consigam trabalhar estas questões é fundamental o aprimoramento de novas estratégias didáticas por meio da formação continuada. Assessores pedagógicos mostram-se importantes atores neste processo, uma vez que é parte de suas atribuições prover este tipo de formação, através de reuniões quinzenais junto aos professores da rede municipal. Para abordar essas questões que, por sua complexidade, mostram-se interdisciplinares, é fundamental que as escolas e professores adotem a interdisciplinaridade como uma ferramenta na promoção da alfabetização científica. Isto acarretará noções provenientes de diversas disciplinas, promovendo o que Fourez propõe como alfabetização científica e técnica (ACT), tendo como objetivo atingir atributos como a autonomia, domínio e comunicação, o que pode ser atingido através da metodologia ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Mestre
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Ступак, В. Г. "Терміни-скорочення в англомовному науково-публіцистичному дискурсі". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/52121.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
У сучасній англійські мові чітко прослідковується тенденція до мовної компресії та економії мовних зусиль. Це зумовлено постійним збільшенням потоку інформації, розвитком науки та техніки, інтеграцією науки з повсякденним життям людини.В современном английском языке четко прослеживается тенденция к языковой компрессии и экономии языковых усилий. Это обусловлено постоянным увеличением потока информации, развитием науки и техники, интеграцией науки с повседневной жизнью человека.
In modern English language, there is a clear tendency towards language compression and saving of language efforts. This is due to a constant increase in the flow of information, the development of science and technology, the integration of science with the daily life of man.
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Gomes, Solange Mesquita. "Avaliação de habilidades para o trabalho em equipe de saúde: produção científica de Residentes Multiprofissionais em Saúde do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2014. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/1856.
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-12The Sistema Único de Saúde (Unified Health System) - SUS, created by the Federal Constitution of 1988, is grounded in a set of doctrinal principles that guide health services in Brazil. Despite the advances directed for the strengthening of the SUS guidelines, health workers training constitutes one of the main challenges for the effectiveness of this universal system. The field of health education faces this dispute process, where the consequence is the difficulty of the relationship between the academy and the health service. It is in this context that the Multidisciplinary Residency Program in Health of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Goiás (RMSHC) is established with the objective to be one of the possibilities of integration of teaching-service seeking the development of the professional skills necessary for the consolidation of the SUS. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the presence of skills and abilities for interdisciplinary work in scientific production, integrating the various specialties involved. Thus, this research presents a qualitative analysis of the course work conclusion of the RMSHC program graduates, focusing on the identification of the procedures described by the residents, due to this interdisciplinarity in the conduction of the cases. This is a descriptive research, developed through deductive logic, which evaluates the scientific-technical production of the RMSHC program, according to categories defined a priori: type of study, subject of study, methodology and interdisciplinarity. It was analyzed twenty course conclusion works of the Multidisciplinary Residency Program in Health of the Hospital of Goiania, produced in the year of 2012. The results presented allow to confirm that there is a little evidences about the Multidisciplinarity and Interdisciplinarity on the scientific production of the Multidisciplinary Residency Program of the Hospital das Clínicas, since only in 20% of the studied works the presence of inter or multidisciplinary in goal or methodology was verified.
O Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS, criado pela Constituição Federal de 1988, está calcado em um conjunto de princípios doutrinários que orientam os serviços de saúde no Brasil. Apesar dos avanços direcionados para o fortalecimento das diretrizes do SUS, a formação dos trabalhadores de saúde, constitui-se em um dos principais desafios para a efetivação deste sistema universal. O campo do ensino em saúde enfrenta este processo de disputa, onde a consequência é a dificuldade da articulação entre academia e serviço de saúde. É neste contexto que o Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás (RMSHC) é criado como uma das possibilidades de integração ensino-serviço com vistas ao desenvolvimento de competências profissionais necessárias para a consolidação do SUS. O objetivo principal deste estudo é avaliar a presença das competências e habilidades para o trabalho interdisciplinar na produção científica, integrando as diversas especialidades envolvidas. Desta forma, esta pesquisa apresenta uma análise qualitativa dos trabalhos de conclusão de curso dos egressos do programa RMSHC, com foco na identificação dos procedimentos descritos pelos residentes, em face da interdisciplinaridade presente na condução dos casos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, onde é avaliada a produção técnico-científica do programa RMSHC, segundo categorias definidas a priori: tipo de estudo; tema de estudo; metodologia e interdisciplinaridade. Foram analisados 20 trabalhos de conclusão de curso do Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde do Hospital das Clínicas de Goiânia, produzidos no ano de 2012. Os resultados apresentados permitem confirmar que existem poucas evidências acerca da Multidisciplinaridade e Interdisciplinaridade na produção científica do Programa de Residência Multiprofissional do Hospital das Clínicas, uma vez que em apenas 20% dos trabalhos verificou-se a presença da inter ou multidisciplinaridade no objetivo ou metodologia.
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ANDRADE, José Rivamar de. "Dicionário de Apicultura". Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2017. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/882.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Submitted by Deyse Queiroz (deysequeirozz@hotmail.com) on 2018-06-05T13:31:33Z
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A apicultura é uma área que contem um saber específico, através das suas terminologias, e que é compartilhado por biólogos, apicultores, técnicos da área, instituições que se utilizam dela para sua sobrevivência e que se preocupam com as questões ambientais, bem como com a produção de alimentos que a polinização pode proporcionar. A presente dissertação manifesta através do Dicionário de Apicultura, representa o repertório de léxicos apícolas técnico-científicos que permeiam a ciência, a prática da Apicultura, o cotidiano da humanidade. De forma sucinta, apresentam-se considerações sobre os avanços tecnológicos da Apicultura, bem como, transitando pelo marco introdutório das abelhas africanas no Brasil, observando a importância da apicultura racional e sua relação com a sustentabilidade. Em segundo momento, elucidam-se conceitos sobre o léxico, a importância da definição referentes aos termos técnico-científicos e um embasamento pragmático sobre o enquadramento e a tipologia do Dicionário de Apicultura. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus Pombal/PB, dentro do Programa de Pós-Graduação de Sistemas Agroindustriais – PPGSA, denominado de Mestrado em Sistemas Agroindustriais, com objetivo de identificar e descrever terminologias próprias à Apicultura, termos técnico-científicos delimitados através da teoria da semasiologia e onomasiologia, delimitando os conceitos referentes a cada palavra. O corpus deu-se a partir da seleção e catalogação de termos apícolas, utilizados em bibliografias específicas da área, dentre as quais: livros, revistas, periódicos, anais. Assim, encontram-se reunidos nesta dissertação a condensação do conhecimento sistemático da Apicultura na forma de Dicionário.
Beekeeping is an area that has a specific knowledge through its terminology and is shared by biologists, beekeepers, technicians in the area, institutions that use it for their survival and that are concerned with environmental issues, as well as with the Production that pollination can provide. The present dissertation, through the Dictionary of Apiculture, represents the repertoire of technical-scientific apicultural lexicons that permeate science, the practice of Apiculture, the daily life of humanity. Briefly, we present some considerations about the technological advances of Beekeeping, as well as the introduction of African bees in Brazil, observing the importance of rational beekeeping and its relation to sustainability. Secondly, concepts about the lexicon, the importance of the definition referring to technical-scientific terms and a pragmatic basis on the framing and typology of the Dictionary of Apiculture are elucidated. This research was developed at the Federal University of Paraíba, Campus Pombal/PB, within the Postgraduate Program in Agroindustrial Systems - PPGSA, named Master in Agroindustrial Systems, with the objective of identifying and describing beekeeping terminology, technical and scientific terms Delimited through the theory of semasiology and onomasiology, delimiting the concepts referring to each word. The corpus was based on the selection and cataloging of apicultural terms, used in specific bibliographies of the area, among which: books, magazines, periodicals, annals. Thus, we find in this dissertation the condensation of the systematic knowledge of Apiculture in the form of Dictionary.
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Barwich, Ann-Sophie. "Making sense of smell : classifications and model thinking in olfaction theory". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/13869.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis addresses key issues of scientific realism in the philosophy of biology and chemistry through investigation of an underexplored research domain: olfaction theory, or the science of smell. It also provides the first systematic overview of the development of olfactory practices and research into the molecular basis of odours across the 19th and 20th century. Historical and contemporary explanations and modelling techniques for understanding the material basis of odours are analysed with a specific focus on the entrenchment of technological process, research tradition and the definitions of materiality for understanding scientific advancement. The thesis seeks to make sense of the explanatory and problem solving strategies, different ways of reasoning and the construction of facts by drawing attention to the role and application of scientific representations in olfactory practices. Scientific representations such as models, classifications, maps, diagrams, lists etc. serve a variety of purposes that range from the stipulation of relevant properties and correlations of the research materials and the systematic formation of research questions, to the design of experiments that explore or test particular hypotheses. By examining a variety of modelling strategies in olfactory research, I elaborate on how I understand the relation between representations and the world and why this relation requires a pluralist perspective on scientific models, methods and practices. Through this work I will show how a plurality of representations does not pose a problem for realism about scientific entities and their theoretical contexts but, on the contrary, that this plurality serves as the most reliable grounding for a realistic interpretation of scientific representations of the world and the entities it contains. The thesis concludes that scientific judgement has to be understood through its disciplinary trajectory, and that scientific pluralism is a direct consequence of the historicity of scientific development.
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Rodríguez, Penagos Carlos. "Metalinguistic information extraction from specialized texts to enrich computational lexicons". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7580.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Este trabajo presenta un estudio empírico del uso y función del metalenguaje en el conocimiento científico experto y los lenguajes de especialidad en lengua inglesa, con especial atención al establecimiento, modificación y negociación de la terminología común del grupo de especialistas de cada área. Mediante enunciados discursivos llamados Operaciones Metalingüísticas Explícitas se formaliza y analiza el carácter dinámico de las estructuras conceptuales científicas y los sublenguajes que las vehiculan.Por otro lado, se presenta la implementación de un sistema automático de extracción de información metalingüística en textos de especialidad. El sistema MOP (Metalinguistic Operation Processor) extrae enunciados metalingüísticos y definiciones de documentos especializados, utilizando tanto autómatas de estados finitos como algoritmos de aprendizaje automático. El sistema crear bases semi-estructuradas de información terminológica llamadas Metalinguistic Information Databases (MID), de utilidad para la lexicografía especializada, el procesamiento del lenguaje natural y el estudio empírico de la evolución del conocimiento científico, entre otras aplicaciones.
This work presents an empirical study of the use and function of metalanguage in expert scientific knowledge and special-domain languages, with special focus on how each field's terminology is established, modified and negotiated within the group of experts. Through discourse statements called Explicit metalinguistic Operations the dynamic nature of conceptual structures and the sublanguages that embody them are formalized and analyzed.
On the other hand, it presents a system implementation for the automatic extraction of metalinguistic information from specialized texts. The Metalinguistic Operation Processor (MOP) system extracts metalinguistic statements and definitions from special-domain documents, using finite-state machinery and machine-learning algorithms. The system creates semi-structured databases called Metalinguistic Information Databases (MID), useful for specialized lexicography, Natural Language Processing, and the empirical study of scientific knowledge, among other applications.
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Robinson, Elizabeth. "Learning and Performance During Implementation of an Innovative Project: A Single Case Study of a Cross-Functional Team Within a Scientific Communications Agency". Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-vfpf-e702.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Today’s world of work, especially in highly specialized knowledge-based industries such as scientific communications, is increasingly complex. Leaders are challenged to drive growth through innovation. Cross-functional teams are challenged to bring innovative ideas to life. Despite a growing body of literature on team learning, current research does not extend to this highly specialized setting, especially around how innovation is implemented by cross-functional teams. The purpose of this qualitative single case study was to discover how one cross-functional innovation team within a scientific communications agency learns, performs, and contributes to team and organizational outcomes, specifically what learning conditions are present and what behaviors are adopted. The research revealed how team members characterized their experience of cross-functional innovation teaming; what the team members perceived to be the optimal organizational and team learning conditions; what kinds of behaviors team members adopted to optimize their learning and performance; and what types of learning outcomes the team achieved.
For cross-functional teams implementing innovative projects, conclusions were that: (1) successful implementation is facilitated by the organization’s approach to innovation, specifically their strategy and their support for cross-functional teams; (2) optimal learning conditions for the team are a shared aspirational vision, a climate of psychological safety, and innovation-responsive operating principles; (3) psychological safety and innovation-responsive operating principles facilitate innovation team behaviors of experimenting, crossing boundaries, and collaboration; (4) cross-functional innovation team leadership is emergent and may come from multiple sources based on the expertise of the team members and what leadership functions are most needed when; and (5) team outcomes include implementation of a new product, discovery of new ways of working, and team member satisfaction.
Knowing this helps to determine what team learning models and research are most relevant to innovation teams in this practice setting and what additional practices or supports might be helpful to guide these kinds of cross-functional innovation teams and their organizations to greater success.
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Acharya, Nayha. "Science on Law's Terms: Implications of Procedural Legitimacy on Scientific Evidence". 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/15278.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Scientific evidence is increasingly relied on in litigation. Discussions and debates aimed at enabling courts to make the best use scientific evidence are therefore critical. This thesis adds the perspective of procedural legitimacy to the science and law dialogue. Procedural Legitimacy is the concept that consistent adherence to legal procedure maintains the overall legitimacy of the legal system, and the validity of its outcomes. I argue that to maintain legitimate legal outcomes, procedural rules must be applied consistently and vigilantly to scientific evidence. This means that admissibility rules must be applied properly to scientific evidence, and that admitted scientific evidence must be duly scrutinized and weighed against the legal standard of proof. This ensures that the legal outcome will be based on valid legal facts. When the law is applied to those legal facts, litigants are legitimately bound by the judicial decision, despite the risk of factual inaccuracy.The bulk of this thesis develops the notion of procedural legitimacy, and argues that its role in the adjudicative process is vital. The argument is founded on the conditions of uncertainty in which legal decisions are made. I show that both liability determinations and damages determinations in personal injury actions are made in conditions of uncertainty, and are dependent on consistency in procedure to maintain legitimacy. Ultimately, I apply the procedural legitimacy argument to admissibility and use of scientific evidence, and endorse the recommendations of the Goudge Inquiry in that respect.
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Chiang, Shen-Wei, e 江珅薇. "The Extraction of Collective Key Terms from a Scientific Literature Corpus". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67604002475869880221.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立臺北大學
資訊管理研究所
95
Finding representative key terms from a collection of related literature is a useful technique with many potential applications. Since document is regarded as a bag of words and a word is regarded as a bag of documents, the relatedness and importance of words to documents can be derived from Von Neumann kernel function. This study developed novel key words extraction procedures that combined techniques originated from the researches of information retrieval, semantic similarity analysis, and mutual information calculation. These procedures were applied to two datasets collected from the CiteSeer citation database to gauge their effectiveness. These procedures are capable to extract representative key terms from literature corpora which were derived from the bibliometric method. The experimental results showed the key words derived by these techniques agreeing with the coding result of human readers.
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黃文美. "The Influence of Everyday Language on Students’ Learning Scientific Terms in Primary School". Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38752201520253161715.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士臺中師範學院
自然科學教育學系
90
The purpose of this study was to investigate how everyday language influences students’ learning scientific terms in primary schools. The subjects included 281 Grade 6 students in the central district of Taiwan. The researcher asked the subjects write questionnaires before and after they had learned some specific scientific terms in order to explore how they explain those terms. In addition, the information sources that they came to know those scientific terms were also surveyed in the questionnaire. After each administration of questionnaire survey, 24 students were interviewed to make certain the authentic meaning of their explanations. At the completion of this teaching unit, five science teachers were interviewed to see if students confound the meanings of everyday language with those of scientific terms. The finding of this study are listed in the following: A. Results from analysis of the questionnaire: (a)Some students usually mixed up the meanings of scientific terms with they everyday language use. Before learning, they frequently utilized the literal meaning of everyday language to explain scientific terms. (b)After learning, most students quoted teacher’s expressions or words from the textbook verbatim to explain those scientific terms. (c)Before learning, extracurricular reading books, television programs, teachers, textbooks or classmates are rated as the most important information sources. Teachers, textbooks, and extracurricular reading books are regarded by students as the most information sources after learning. It is noted no matter if it is before learning or after learning, “extracurricular reading books” is the most important information sources that has influenced students to explain scientific terms. B. Results from analysis of the interviewing transcripts: (a)The students utilized the meanings of everyday language to explain scientific terms before learning. (b)Most students quoted teacher’s expressions or words from the textbook to explain scientific terms. (c)Once the information sources have changed, students would use different words or expressions to explain scientific terms. However, students might not truly understand the content of those information sources from everyday life about science. (d)In support of the findings of interviewing teachers, the researcher also confirmed that students are greatly influenced by the meanings of everyday language when explaining scientific terms.
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黃立宇. "Survey the development of junior high school sciencetextbook in terms of scientific education". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64707451389820099287.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士佛光大學
未來學系
96
Abstract The purpose of this research is use "Content analysis " to analyze and compare the science textbooks of middle schools in Taiwan for the last decade. Before 2002（91 school year）,the science textbooks is the official version only. But after 2002（91 school year）, "Grade 1-9 Curriculum " starts to execute. Uses the commercial version textbook verified by the government. This research studies the textbooks of the official version as well as other two versions which are used by most schools at present. The range of the textbooks is limited to users from grade 7 to grade 9. The tool of the research is "Natural curriculum Eight targets in Grade 1-9 Curriculum "which announced by the Ministry of Education. The analysis project is " Process skill item analysis table", " Science and the technical cognition item analysis table", " Science essence item analysis table ", " Technical development item analysis table ", " Science attitude item analysis table ", "Thinking item analysis table ", " Science application item analysis table ", "Design and manufacture item analysis table ", " Area, attends class the pitch number and textbook graph" The findsings of this research are as follows: 1. Process skill for “Constructivism” foundation, various versions all extremely enrich. 2. Regardless of is the official version perhaps the commercial version, All extremely emphasizes “inquiry” 3. The official version is more correct than the commercial version in the scientific essential aspect 4. The commercial version is more substantial than the official version in the technical part 5. All versions all extremely emphasize the application formula Answers the question, But is short of the nimble ponder. 6. The commercial version uses the renewal information compared to the official version in science application aspect. 7. All version content is not good in "Design and manufacture " part. 8. The commercial version textbook graph increases very much than the official version.
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Len, Li-Jen, e 藍麗真. "The Instruction Strategies of Scientific Terms for Fourth Grade Students from a Remote Area". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zrpxhd.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立臺東大學
進修部暑期國語文補救教學碩士班
104
Difficulties in understanding scientific terms hinder students from reading science texts. This study, using action research methodology, tried to develop an instruction model of scientific terms. Five fourth-grade students with poor reading abilities from a remote area participated in the study. Based on the principles of the Direct Instruction, the researcher adopted 4 graphic organizers strategies, namely semantic mapping, Frayer model, word tree, and Definition Map to teach different types of scientific terms during the 16-week instruction. To examine the effectiveness of the instruction model, 56 scientific terms of 4 unit science class were introduced. In the post-intervention curriculum-based evaluation of the taught scientific terms, students performed averagely a correct rate of 0.85. According to the information from 3 sources, teaching reflection, observation of learning process, and opinions from an cooperative inspector, the results showed that using the 4 graphic organizers effectively boosted students’ recognition and comprehension of different types of scientific terms. The procedures of the instruction model developed by the researcher are recognizing terms, understanding definition, comprehending concept, and discovering relationships. Although the instruction in this research was effective on learning scientific terms, there is no evidence indicating that children’s reading comprehension of scientific texts was also improved.
31
Chen, Ya-Hui, e 陳雅慧. "Comprehension and Application of Elementary School Students on Scientific Terms － An Example on Dissolving". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34177186367288619828.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立臺中教育大學
科學應用與推廣學系科學教育碩士班
95
The purpose of this study is to explore the students’ understanding, opinions and how to use on relevant scientific terms about dissolving. With convenient sampling, the researcher selected sixth graders from three classes each at three public elementary schools in Taichung for a total of six classes as the subject. First, the two-tier questionnaires were used and the researcher located a total of 12 students having more misconceptions to conduct semi-structured interviews in order to further investigate the ideas of students on scientific terms about dissolving. From the findings, students tended to interpret scientific terms with morpheme direct translation and focusing the meaning on one of the morphemes. They have many alternative conceptions on scientific terms including related to dissolving. There are four relations between the comprehension and application of scientific terms: 1) being able to accurately state sentences with scientific terms and comprehending scientific terms, 2) being able to accurately state sentences without comprehending terms, 3) being unable to accurately state sentences but comprehending scientific terms and 4) being unable to accurately state sentences and comprehending scientific terms. From the research results, when given only character cards, most of students tended to judge whether the material was greasy/water nature or water dissolvable by the literal meaning. After observing the actual objects, they could be more accurate in judgment. However, some students still adhered to their original viewpoint, which showed the deep rooted notion of students—materials with names with “oil” would not be dissolvable in water and materials with names of “water” would be dissolvable. The results will serve as reference of teachers teaching scientific terms, observing students’ ideas and designing teaching. Suggestions are given for teaching, teaching materials and future studies.
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Mafuyeka, Sylvia Sindile. "The treatment of technological and scientific terms in Xitsonga bilingual dictionaries : a lexicographic approach". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/991.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (MA. (Translation Studies and Linguistics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2012A critical analysis of The Treatment of Technological and Scientific terms in Xitsonga Bilingual Dictionaries has revealed that the role of equivalence in translation cannot be taken for granted. In the study, various types of translation equivalence problems are examined. Different strategies and procedures for dealing with non-equivalence are also discussed. The study investigates the problems encountered; the impact of transliteration when dealing with the translation of technological and scientific terms in Xitsonga bilingual dictionaries and how lexical engineering contributes towards language change; language shift; language evolution and sometimes language death. This study also reveals that technological terms should be translated by a descriptive term.
33
Leydesdorff, Loet. "Can Scientific Journals be Classified in terms of Aggregated Journal-Journal Citation Relations using the Journal Citation Reports?" 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105561.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This is a preprint of an article published in Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 57 (5):601-613, 2006. The aggregated citation relations among journals included in the Science Citation Index provide us with a huge matrix which can be analyzed in various ways. Using principal component analysis or factor analysis, the factor scores can be used as indicators of the position of the cited journals in the citing dimensions of the database. Unrotated factor scores are exact, and the extraction of principal components can be made stepwise since the principal components are independent. Rotation may be needed for the designation, but in the rotated solution a model is assumed. This assumption can be legitimated on pragmatic or theoretical grounds. Since the resulting outcomes remain sensitive to the assumptions in the model, an unambiguous classification is no longer possible in this case. However, the factor-analytic solutions allow us to test classifications against the structures contained in the database. This will be demonstrated for the delineation of a set of biochemistry journals.
34
Hazell, Brian Edwin. "Characteristics of trainee counselors in terms of Eysenck's progressive scientific paradigms, intelligence, personality, & ideology, and success in graduate study /". 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/13494.
Testo completo
35
Zhou, Ping, e Loet Leydesdorff. "Comparison between the China Scientific and Technical Papers and Citations Database and the Science Citation Index in terms of journal hierarchies and inter-journal citation relations". 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105455.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (forthcoming).Forthcoming in the Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. Abstract: The journal structure in the China Scientific and Technical Papers and Citations Database (CSTPCD) is analysed from three perspectives: the database level, the specialty level and the institutional level (i.e., university journals versus journals issued by the Chinese Academy of Sciences). The results are compared with those for (Chinese) journals included in the Science Citation Index. The frequency of journal-journal citation relations in the CSTPCD is an order of magnitude lower than in the SCI. Chinese journals, especially high-quality journals, prefer to cite international journals rather than domestic ones. However, Chinese journals do not get an equivalent reception from their international counterparts. The international visibility of Chinese journals is low, but varies among fields of science. Journals of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) have a better reception in the international scientific community than university journals.
36
Fitak, Anna. "Zmiany w terminologii języka naukowego polskiej pedagogiki jako konsekwencja przekładu tekstów angielskich". Praca doktorska, 2014. https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/59389.
Testo completo
37
Gumbo, Lettiah. "Term creation : an analysis of the strategies used in some selected Shona specialised terms dictionaries". Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21015.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study is in the area of terminology activities in Zimbabwe and it analyses the term
creation used in the following selected specialised terms dictionaries: Duramazwi Reurapi
Neutano (Dictionary of Biomedical Terms), Duramazwi Remimhanzi (Dictionary of Shona
Musical Terms), and Duramazwi Redudziramutauro NeUvaranomwe (Dictionary of Shona
Linguistic and Literature Terms). The study specifically analyses and explores how
terminographers together with health, music, language and literature specialists made use of
their term creation skills and strategies in the creation of new specialised terms for the field of
music, health and linguistics. In addition, this research takes into account the impact of
factors such as culture, socio- economic, etymological purity, attitudes of the target users,
language policy, as well as availability of resourceson term creation. Hence, term creation is
an exercise that involves many aspects and interlinked factors.
This research advances the argument that while some term creation strategies (compounding,
coining and derivation) can be adequate and appropriate, however, at times; they are some
which result in created terms that are rather cumbersome, vague, artificial, and difficult to
master and remember. In addition, this study found out that some term creation strategies
(semantic expansion and loan translations) are unproductive; that means they do not add any
value on the Shona language vocabulary. Moreover, the borrowing term creation strategy was
analysed on the basis of whether it is promoting and elevating the Shona language or is it
undermining its value and vitality. This study emphasises the need for a collaborative
approach to term creation, with terminologists, linguists, subject area specialists and target
language users during the different phases of word formation processes for the collective
ownership of the created term and their acceptability to the target users. This study highlights
that, through good term creation strategies the Shona Language can significantly contribute to the promotion and development of Shona language in Zimbabwe. Overally, the
research yields a substantial amount of information in the terminological formation processes
as well as the identification of factors that can be used to improve term creation strategies in
order to develop indigenous languages for use in all spheres of life.The major contribution of
this study is the identification and highlighting of the major strength and weaknesses of term
creation strategies as a way of developing indigenous languages. The useful findings in this
study will benefit the indigenous language development and language policy planners and
terminologists in Zimbabwe and other African languages in similar situations.
The significant amount of information about term creation that was used in the analysis of
term creation in the three dictionaries was solicited from questionnaires and interviews that
were carried out with linguists, the specialised dictionary compilers, music students, medical
students and high school students doing Shona language and literature subject in Zimbabwe.
More information on the term creation was done through content analysis of the three
specialised dictionaries and the present researcher’s own experiences as a former Shona high
school teacher, linguist and above all as a Shona language speaker.African Languages
D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)
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Nóbrega, André Martinho Abreu. "A cobertura da produção científica portuguesa no Jornal Público". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/106543.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Um dos principais valores-notícia que conferem a um acontecimento a sua noticiabilidade é o critério da proximidade geográfica, o que significa que a atividade científica em Portugal constitui um importante manancial de notícias e de ideias para os jornalistas portugueses. Nos últimos 25 anos, as possibilidades aumentaram com o crescimento da investigação científica e tecnológica em Portugal. O presente relatório resulta de um estágio de três meses na secção de Ciência do jornal Público e analisa as publicações em papel da secção durante o mês de maio de cada ano ímpar entre 2000 e 2020. Conclui-se que houve um aumento gradual da frequência relativa de artigos sobre ciência nacional ao longo desse período e que para esse incremento terá contribuído não só o fomento da produção científica portuguesa, mas também a melhoria da comunicação externa das unidades de Investigação e Desenvolvimento e da comunidade científica. Além disso, a secção de Ciência do Público procura ativamente escrever sobre a investigação portuguesa e de forma diversificada no que concerne os temas de ciência abordados. É também bastante comum fazerem-se artigos de fundo (ou features) sobre o trabalho de cientistas portugueses.One of the main news values that make an occurrence newsworthy is its geographical proximity, which means that the Portuguese scientific activity represents an important source of news and ideas for the journalists working in Portugal. In the last 25 years, those possibilities have been increasing with the growth of the scientific and technological research in Portugal. This report is the result of a three-month internship in the Science section of the Portuguese newspaper Público and analyses its print publications during May of each odd year between 2000 and 2020. The conclusion is that the relative frequency of articles about Portuguese science has been increasing gradually and the reason for that rise seems to be not only the increment of the Portuguese scientific production, but also the improvement of the external communication from Research and Development units and the scientific community. Moreover, the Science section of Público seeks actively to write about Portuguese science and they do it in a diversified manner regarding the science topics they cover. They also usually write in-depth articles (or features) about the work of Portuguese scientists.
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Kubíková, Kateřina. "Vztahové normy učitelů a výkonová motivace žáků". Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-328697.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the following thesis we studied the development of performance motivation of pupils and its possible mutual connection with external evaluation according to relation norms. In the theoretical part we deal with scientific solutions of terms as performance motivation and relation norm. Mainly we concentrate on the analysis of the so called process model of performance motivation and on the analysis of types of relation norms. We also investigate in detail the issues of genesis of fear and anxiety of individuals during performance activities. We also occupy ourselves with the issues of causal attributions and different perspectives of term range of internal and external motivation. Subsequently, we made causal links between theoretical solutions and school performance. In this part we refer in particular to works of Heckhausen and Rheinberg. In the practical part we present a research, which is focused on the search for links between the use of individual relation norms in pedagogical situations of a teaching lesson and the development of performance motivation of pupils. In the research we took advantage of combination of quantitative and qualitative investigation. Triangulation of these methods helped us to understand better the contemporary school reality and to obtain relatively clear and...