Tesi sul tema "Sarcoptic mange"
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Ráez, Bravo Arián. "Pathophysiology of sarcoptic mange in Iberian ibex". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669361.
Testo completoSarcoptic mange is a parasitic skin disease caused by the burrowing mite Sarcoptes scabiei. It affects mammals worldwide, including humans. Sarcoptic mange in wildlife is considered an emerging disease, and can cause severe population declines. Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) is a medium-sized mountain ungulate endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. Since the end of the ‘80s, the Iberian Ibex populations of Southern and Eastern Spain have been affected by mange, suffering variables mortalities reported to reach up to 90%. Most of the studies on sarcoptic mange in Iberian ibex have focused on the epidemiology and the population consequences of the diseases, thus existing a lack of knowledge about the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of this disease in this species. The two first studies of this thesis analysed the acute phase proteins (APP) (Study I) and validated a test for the detection of immunoglobulins G (IgG) against S. scabiei (Study II) in free-ranging Iberian ibexes, both healthy and affected by sarcoptic mange. In the Study I, an increase of serum amyloid protein type A (SAA) and in lower magnitude of alpha-1 acid glicoprotein (AGP) concentrations was observed, in correlation with the extent of the skin lesions caused by sarcoptic mange. Conversely, haptoglobin (Hp) concentration was not different between the healthy and infested ibexes. Since there is not an effective laboratory diagnostic method, in the Study II three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were evaluated for IgG detection against S. scabiei in Iberian ibex, and one of the three showed high specificity and sensitivity by using the avidin-biotin system, which allowed it to be validated. The Studies III and IV were carried out on Iberian ibexes with different alleles of the DRB1 gen of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, experimentally infested with S. scabiei. Although all the infested ibexes developed lesions compatible with sarcoptic mange, the clinical evolution varied from extensive lesions affecting most of the body surface to mild lesions and clinical recovering of the disease (Study III). However, such clinical differences seemed unrelated to MHC differences. The severely affected ibexes showed anaemia, possibly related to the inflammation caused by the mite, as well as neutrophilia and lymphopenia, probably due to secondary infections favoured by sarcoptic mange. Immunoglobulin G concentration also increased in agreement with the severity of the lesions. Finally, the Study IV addressed the genomic response of Iberian ibexes to the experimental infestation with S. scabiei. The severely affected Iberian ibexes showed an increase in the gene expression of pathways related to immunity and inflammation, agreeing with the exacerbated and non-effective generalized immune response induced by the mite and the response to secondary infections. Moreover, the Iberian ibexes that recovered showed an increase in the local skin expression of genes related with antigen presentation and T-lymphocytes activation. To summarize, sarcoptic mange induces both systemic and local changes in the Iberian Ibex, causing an increase in APP and antibodies, as well as haematological and local and systemic gene expression disorders. Although the causes of the differences found in the clinical evolution have not been completely elucidated, local skin cellular immunity may be key in controlling the infestation. Immunoglobulin G detection by ELISA can be a useful and effective diagnostic tool for sarcoptic mange in Iberian Ibex, while APP are a prognostic indicator.
Skerratt, Lee Francis. "Sarcoptic mange in the common wombat, Vombatus ursinus (Shaw, 1800)". Thesis, Connect to thesis, 2001. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2435.
Testo completoSkerratt, Lee Francis. "Sarcoptic mange in the common wombat, Vombatus ursinus (Shaw, 1800)". Connect to thesis, 2001. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000709.
Testo completoDevenish-Nelson, Eleanor Sarah. "Sarcoptic mange and the demography of the red fox, Vulpes vulpes". Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6960/.
Testo completoWilson, Evan C. "The Dynamics of Sarcoptic Mange in an Urban Coyote (Canis latrans) Population". The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1339602451.
Testo completoNewman, Tabetha Jane. "Disease dynamics : the effect of sarcoptic mange on a population of red foxes". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391154.
Testo completoNimmervoll, Helena. "Sarcoptic mange in red foxes ("vulpes vulpes") from Switzerland : pathological characteristics and influencing factors /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://www.zb.unibe.ch/download/eldiss/07nimmervoll_h.pdf.
Testo completoBlack, Kathleen Miles. "Red fox ecology and interactions with piping plovers on Fire Island, New York". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102663.
Testo completoDoctor of Philosophy
Red foxes have been identified as a key predator of the piping plover, a small migratory shorebird that breeds along the U.S. Atlantic coast and is considered 'threatened' (at risk of becoming endangered and eventually disappearing) within the United States. The lack of information about red fox ecology in coastal settings has been a challenge for wildlife biologists tasked with reducing predation on piping plovers. We investigated red fox ecology, behavior, and interactions with piping plovers on Fire Island, New York. We used trail cameras, collected scat (feces), monitored dens, and tracked red foxes on the island with global positioning system (GPS) collars in 2015–2018. We used these data to estimate red fox distribution, litter sizes, survival rates, and population sizes. We used GPS data to estimate red fox territory sizes, describe habitat selection, and investigate responses to piping plover nest exclosure setup, pipping (a period before hatching during which chicks vocalize inside the eggs), and hatching. We dissected red fox scats and recorded prey items found outside of dens to determine what red foxes on the island were eating. The proportion of each study area used by red foxes remained high even after substantial decreases in abundance, population density, annual reproduction, and seasonal survival following 2 parasitic disease (sarcoptic mange) outbreaks. Within their territories, red foxes selected areas that were closer to vegetation during the daytime and twilight hours but farther from vegetation at night. We did not find clear evidence that red foxes in our study area keyed in on piping plover nest exclosure setup, pipping, or hatching, although fox penetration of and digging at exclosures was an issue in some years at a site not included in those comparisons. Rodents, beetles, and crustacean remains were found most frequently in red fox scats. Skates and surf clams were found most frequently outside of dens. We did not find any identifiable piping plover remains in red fox scats or outside of dens. Our results suggest that that direct interactions between red foxes and piping plovers may be less frequent than previously believed, but concurrent work by collaborators documented that the trap success of red foxes was negatively related to piping plover reproductive output during our study period. Lethal removal of red foxes is unlikely to eliminate red foxes from shorebird nesting areas unless all foxes on the island are removed. We recommend strategic vegetation removal in and around piping plover nesting areas to reduce daytime resting spots and hunting cover for red foxes, and continued use of nest exclosures. We also recommend further investigation into indirect impacts of red foxes on piping plover populations, and into the possibility that anthropogenic food resources could be subsidizing the island's red fox population.
Robertson, Katie E. "Boldness Behavior and Chronic Stress in Free-Ranging, Urban Coyotes (Canis latrans)". The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1543529587211372.
Testo completoLjunggren, Erland L. "Molecular analysis of Sarcoptes scabiei /". Uppsala : Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200547.pdf.
Testo completoSpierling, Jana. "Seroepidemiologie der Sarcoptes-Räude des Schweines". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-225597.
Testo completoFang, Fang. "Développement et valorisation d'un modèle animal de gale sarcoptique. Evaluation de molécules acaricides". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0077/document.
Testo completoSarcoptes scabiei is an ectoparasite responsible for the emerging/re-emerging disease called scabies in humans or mange in animals. It was reported in 104 species across 27 families of domestic and wild animals. Current treatments for scabies/mange are limited and there are no efficient products for the environment control of S. scabiei. Moreover, the taxonomic status of S. scabiei is still under controversy and the question remains that whether it represents a single species or several taxa.The objectives of the thesis were to assess the susceptibility to acaricides and analyse the genetic diversity of S. scabiei from animals. In the first part of the thesis, an animal model was used to evaluate the efficacy of afoxolaner, a new acaricide from the isoaxazoline family. The primary outcome of efficacy was based on the reduction in the number of live mites counted in skin scrapings following treatment. At day 8, four afoxolaner-treated pigs (out of four) were mite-free, while mites were still found in three (out of three) ivermectin-treated pigs. All treated pigs were cured at the end of the study (day 35) and all pigs in the control group remained infected. Secondary outcomes included measures on the reduction of skin lesions and pruritus. The clinical lesions of scabies infection were allowed to disappear completely for all the pigs in the afoxolaner group but not in the ivermectin group at 14 days after the treatment. An increase of the pruritus was observed right after treatment, followed by a decrease of the pruritus score in both treated groups. The second part of the thesis was to evaluate the scabicidal effect of molecules or products using an in vitro test. A gradient of concentrations of ivermectin and moxidectin as well as 11 essential oils have been evaluated in vitro against S. scabiei. After 24h of exposure to ivermectin and moxidectin, the median lethal concentrations were 150.2±31.4 µg/mL and 608.3±88.0 µg/mL, respectively. Doses of ivermectin under 1 ng/mL and moxidectin under 10 ng/mL showed no scabicidal effect. Fumigation and contact bioassays were used for the assessment of essential oils efficacy. Among Lavandula augustifolia, Melaleuca altenifolia, Pelargonium asperum, Eucalyptus radiate, Leptospermum scoparium, Cryptomeria japonica, Citrus aurantium ssp amara and 3 other unknown oils (BOB4, BOB5, BOB9) tested with the contact bioassay, the essential oil identified as BOB4 demonstrated the best scabicidal effect (1% solution killed all the mites in 20 min). Among the 10 essential oils listed before plus Juniperus oxycedrus with the fumigation bioassay, the oil Melaleuca altenifolia demonstrated the best scabicidal effect (all the mites died in only 4 min). For environmental control of S. scabiei, the efficacy of biocides or repellents was assessed. The median survival time was calculated for permethrin (4% and 0.6%), esdepallethrin and bioresmethrin, bifenthrin, cypermethrin and imiprothrin, cyfluthrin, tetramethrin and sumithrin, DEET (25% and 50%), icaridin and IR3535. The third part of the thesis included the study of the genetic diversity of populations of S. scabiei from animals. A part of cox1 was used for phylogenetic analyses. The results showed that Sarcoptes mites from dogs seem to derive from humans
Lin, Yu-Ling, e 林昱伶. "The Transmission History and Current State of Sarcoptic Mange (Sarcoptes scabiei) Infectation in Formosan Serow (Capricornis swinhoei) and Domestic Animals in Taiwan". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38391637198843159149.
Testo completo國立屏東科技大學
野生動物保育研究所
100
Infection diseases can regulate or impact the host population dynamics, espencially for the newly introduced pathogen. Sarcoptic mange (Sarcoptes scabiei) with various variations was distributed worldwide and has been found species-specific infectation in human, domestic animals and wildlife. High mortalities have been observed in different wildlife populations worldwide. S. scabiei infectation in Formosan serow (Capricornis swinhoei) was first found in 2007. However, the source of scabies mites and their impacts on serow populations are unclear. The risk of mutual infection between Formosan serow and domestic animals are also unknown. This study revealed the phylogenetic relationship among scabies mites infecting wild Formosan serow and domestic animals in Taiwan. A 1023-bp fragment of the cytochrome oxidase gene subunit I (COI) on mitochondrion and 14 microsatellite markers were used for phylogenetic analysis. Results show that S. scabiei in serow, goat and rabbit populations may have the same origin. S. scabiei has isolated in serow population for at least 97,000 years. There is no recent transmission of S. scabiei among domestic animals and wild Formosan serow.
Martin, AM. "The bare-nosed wombat and its pathogen, Sarcoptes scabiei". Thesis, 2019. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/31862/1/Martin_whole_thesis.pdf.
Testo completoSengupta, Chandni. "Evaluating the role of stress and parasite load in sarcoptic mange incidence in bare-nosed wombats (Vombatus ursinus) in N.S.W., Australia". Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:53720.
Testo completoCarvalho, João Luís Oliveira. "The role of environmental variation, size-selective harvesting and diseases on the life-history traits of Iberian ibex". Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/29243.
Testo completoA caça seletiva (e.g. caça troféu) consiste na remoção de indivíduos com determinadas características fenotípicas de uma população selvagem. Apesar de ser uma prática comum, as suas consequências ecológicas e evolutivas são controversas, pois não é claro se as condições ambientais diluem ou intensificam os efeitos desta atividade. Em Espanha, a exploração cinegética do macho-montês (Capra pyrenaica Schinz, 1838), através da caça troféu, juntamente com as alterações ambientais registadas na bacia Mediterrânica, podem traduzir-se num efeito indesejado nas características fenotípicas e dinâmica populacional da espécie. Mediante a análise de um extenso repositório de informação individual sobre métricas de crescimento e condição corporal, esta tese tem como principal objetivo determinar os efeitos diretos e indiretos da estratégia de caça, das condições ambientais, da densidade populacional e da sarna sarcótica nas características fenotípicas da cabra-montês. O primeiro estudo (capítulo 2), realizado na Reserva Nacional de Caça de Els Ports de Tortosa-Beseit, nordeste de Espanha, confirmou o quão sazonal e diversa é a dieta da cabra-montês em ambientes Mediterrânicos e demonstrou que a heterogeneidade dos ecossistemas Mediterrânicos torna necessária a realização de amostragens sistemáticas para a atualização dos dados relativos à dieta da espécie, um aspeto crucial para o desenvolvimento de diversos caracteres sexuais secundários. Posteriormente, dois estudos observacionais revelaram a importância do habitat nos padrões de crescimento dos segmentos córneos do macho montês. O primeiro (capítulo 3) demonstrou que a heterogeneidade individual da longitude dos anéis de crescimento é potenciada por diferenças no habitat e que os machos não são capazes de recuperar do crescimento deficitário dos anéis após um eventual período de défices nutricionais. O segundo (capítulo 4) evidenciou que o aumento da área de pinhal, e consequente diminuição da área de pastagens naturais, é um fator decisivo para o decréscimo contínuo da longitude dos anéis de crescimento ao longo das últimas duas décadas. Este último, sugere também que a extração seletiva de animais com reduzidas taxas de crescimento pode contribuir para a mitigação dos efeitos da caça troféu. O último estudo (capítulo 5), realizado no Parque Nacional de Sierra Nevada, sul de Espanha, revelou que a regulação da condição corporal exercida por aspetos ambientais e populacionais é quebrada por infeções parasitárias contagiosas, como a sarna sarcóptica. Além da sua importância ecológica, os resultados aqui reportados traduzem-se num conjunto de medidas de ampla aplicabilidade para a gestão das populações de cabra-montês. A presente tese reforça a importância das sinergias entre caçadores, gestores de caça e investigadores tendo em vista a sustentabilidade da atividade cinegética e das populações ibéricas de cabra-montês.
Programa Doutoral em Biologia
Spierling, Jana. "Seroepidemiologie der Sarcoptes-Räude des Schweines". Doctoral thesis, 2016. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15681.
Testo completoYu, Hsien-Kuang, e 游顯光. "A Comparison of Habitat Use and Activity Pattern of Serow With or Without Sarcoptes Mange Infestation". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52851381349466188534.
Testo completo國立屏東科技大學
野生動物保育研究所
102
Between November 2010 and March 2011, ten (2 females and 8 males) Taiwanese serows (Capricornis swinhoei) were captured and radio-collared within an area of 2km2 around the Nantzuhsienchi Conservation Station. Two mange species, Sarcoptes scabiei and Chorioptes texanus, were found on these serows with a 70% and 80% infestation rate respectively. Among others, A10 individual had been assessed in the recovery stage of the sarcoptes mange infestation, therefore two sets of analyses were undertaken for this study, one with A10 classified as an infested individual, one with A10 classified as a non-infested case. The mortality of sarcoptes mange infestation was between 14.3% and 57.1%, and no non-infested or Chorioptes texanus infested only serow died during the study. The radio-tracking results indicated that when A10 was classified as an infected individual, average home range for sarcoptes mange non-infested serows were 39.7ha (95% Minimum convex polygon, MCP) and 61.2ha (95%Fixed Kernel, FK) respectively, while the average home range for infested serows were 31.9ha and 53.4ha. When A10 was classified as mange infested individual, average home range for non-infested serows were 35.9ha and 56.2ha, while that of infested serows were 36.7ha and 59.1ha. Individual variation in home range size was much higher among infested serows. There was no significant difference in home range size between infested and non-infested serows, however, when A10 was classified as a non-infested case, the core area (50%) of non-infested serow was significant larger than the infested ones. The daily activity levels of non-infested serows were also significantly higher. Results showed that among the five habitat types of broadleaf forest, coniferous forest, conifer-broadleaved mix forest, grassland and rocky slope caused by land sliding, serows prefer broadleaf forests and rocky slope; however, sarcoptes mange infested serows prefer conifer-broadleaved mix forest and rocky slope, which might suggest infested individuals prefer habitat with more direct sunlight in the daytime.