Tesi sul tema "Santé – Effets du bruit"
Cita una fonte nei formati APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard e in molti altri stili
Vedi i top-50 saggi (tesi di laurea o di dottorato) per l'attività di ricerca sul tema "Santé – Effets du bruit".
Accanto a ogni fonte nell'elenco di riferimenti c'è un pulsante "Aggiungi alla bibliografia". Premilo e genereremo automaticamente la citazione bibliografica dell'opera scelta nello stile citazionale di cui hai bisogno: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver ecc.
Puoi anche scaricare il testo completo della pubblicazione scientifica nel formato .pdf e leggere online l'abstract (il sommario) dell'opera se è presente nei metadati.
Vedi le tesi di molte aree scientifiche e compila una bibliografia corretta.
Paisin, Thierry. "Effets non auditifs du bruit sur la santé". Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON11173.
Testo completoBaudin, Clémence. "Effets de l'exposition au bruit des avions sur la santé des riverains d'aéroports". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1291.
Testo completoExposure to aircraft noise, with constantly increasing traffic, is not without health risks for people living near airports. Some effects are already well established, while others are more discussed in the literature. This PhD aims to better understand and quantify the health effects of aircraft noise for people living near airports. It focuses on health events suspected to be associated with aircraft noise exposure, but little studied in the literature: perceived health status, medication use, psychological distress, and saliva cortisol concentration (as stress marker). In addition, this PhD proposes to study the effects of aircraft noise annoyance and noise sensitivity on the risk of hypertension and medication use, but also on perceived health status, and psychological distress. It also aims to determine the role of aircraft noise annoyance and noise sensitivity in the associations between aircraft noise exposure and the previous health events. The data collected as part of the DEBATS and HYENA research programs were used. DEBATS covers 1,244 residents of three French airports. HYENA includes 4,861 residents of seven major European airports (United Kingdom, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden, Italy and Greece). The analyses focused either on DEBATS data only or on the pooled data of DEBATS and HYENA. This pooling was possible because the methodology used in the two studies is similar. Aircraft noise exposure was estimated from modelled noise levels; sociodemographic, health and lifestyle information was collected using a face-to-face questionnaire administered at the participants' homes. Participants' blood pressure was measured using the same protocol, and saliva samples were collected using similar protocols to determine cortisol concentration. An association was shown between aircraft noise exposure and perceived health status. It was positive and statistically significant only in men. No relationship was found between this exposure and the psychological distress assessed with GHQ-12. On the other hand, a significant association was found between aircraft noise annoyance and psychological distress: the higher the level of reported annoyance, the greater the risk of psychological distress. There was also a significant increase in the risk of psychological distress with the level of noise sensitivity. In addition, there were significant relationships between aircraft noise exposure and the risk of hypertension on the one hand, and medication use – particularly antihypertensive and anxiolytic medication – on the other hand. These two health outcomes were also associated with aircraft noise annoyance and noise sensitivity. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the daily variations - absolute and relative - in cortisol concentration was shown only in women, when aircraft noise exposure increases, with a significant increase in cortisol concentration in the evening. Finally, it was observed that aircraft noise annoyance and noise sensitivity modified the relationships between aircraft noise exposure and perceived health status, psychological distress, medication use, hypertension risk, and cortisol secretion. These results confirm those of the few studies in the literature suggesting associations between exposure to aircraft noise and a weaker perceived health status, medication use, and changes in cortisol secretion, a characteristic of the stress caused by this exposure. They are also consistent with those that do not suggest any association between aircraft noise exposure and psychological distress assessed by GHQ-12. We also found the role of moderator and/or mediator played by the annoyance due to aircraft noise and noise sensitivity in the relationships between this exposure to aircraft noise and psychological distress, medication use, hypertension risk, and cortisol secretion. It therefore seems of primary interest that future studies consider these two factors in order to better understand the underlying mechanisms
Kodji, Minon'tsikpo Kossi. "Rôle de médiation et de modération de certains facteurs dans l’effet de l’exposition au bruit des avions sur la santé : utilisation des approches causales". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10214.
Testo completoTransportation noise exposure, particularly aircraft noise, has negative effects on health. Noise exposure could affect health through other intermediary factors (mediators). Likewise, the effect of noise on health could differ according to certain individual characteristics (moderators). The studies evaluating the role of these intermediary factors are very few in the literature and often rely on classical approaches that may be insufficient for controlling confounding biases, particularly in longitudinal studies. This thesis aims to identify potential mediators and moderators of the effect of aircraft noise exposure on the risks of poor self-reported health and hypertension, using causal inference approaches. We evaluated the mediating role of aircraft noise annoyance and sleep disturbances, as well as the moderating role of individual characteristics such as noise sensitivity, age, and gender. Additionally, we evaluated the role of non-acoustic factors on aircraft noise annoyance. The data come from the DEBATS research program conducted in France and the NORAH study in Germany. The longitudinal DEBATS study includes 1,244 participants followed in 2015 and 2017 around three French airports . The NORAH study includes 1,039 participants around Frankfurt airport between 2012 and 2013. The analyses, using marginal models based on inverse probability weighting of exposure, show that prolonged exposure to high noise levels (>60 decibels) negatively affects self-reported health mainly through the annoyance caused, with more pronounced effects in men and individuals highly sensitive to noise. Regarding hypertension, the effect of noise levels on the risk of hypertension was identified only in older individuals (65 years and over). A more pronounced effect was also observed in men. No moderating role of noise sensitivity in the effect of noise exposure on the risk of hypertension was identified. A mediating role of noise annoyance in the effect of noise exposure on the risk of hypertension was identified only in the NORAH study. However, no mediating role of sleep disturbances was identified in this effect. Moreover, non-acoustic factors such as noise sensitivity, age, trust in authorities, and coping abilities (e.g., window and roof insulation) have been identified as co-determinants of aircraft noise annoyance. Among these factors, noise sensitivity and age moderate the effect of aircraft noise on annoyance: a more pronounced effect is observed in individuals more sensitive to noise and in older participants. In conclusion, the results obtained in this thesis confirm the deleterious causal effect of aircraft noise exposure on health, particularly self-reported health and hypertension. They highlight the significant mediating role of noise annoyance in the causal mechanism of aircraft noise exposure on poor health. However, this mediating role was not confirmed for sleep disturbances in the effect of noise exposure on the risk of hypertension. Through moderation analyses, we demonstrated that individuals more sensitive to noise, older individuals, and men are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of aircraft noise exposure on health. Further longitudinal studies using objective sleep parameters are necessary to confirm the results on the mediating role of sleep disturbances in the effect of noise on the risk of hypertension
KERN, THIERRY. "Les effets extra-auditifs du bruit sur la sante : etat des connaissances en 1994". Strasbourg 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR15098.
Testo completoMorizot, Sylvie. "Etude sur une population jeune et en bonne santé des effets d'un bruit de trafic routier, d'une benzodiazépine, et de leur conjugaison, sur les potentiels évoqués auditifs précoces, l'appareil cardiovasculaire et l'anxiété". Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOS011.
Testo completoGAUTHIER, ANNE. "Etude des effets sur la sante de l'exposition simultanee a plusieurs nuisances professionnelles : bruit, travail poste et cadences". Besançon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BESA3082.
Testo completoMorelli, Xavier. "Pollution de l'air, santé et défaveur sociale en zone urbaine". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS015/document.
Testo completoIn urban areas, atmospheric pollution represents a major threat to human health. The accurate characterization of this threat relies centrally on the quality of exposure assessment. It also requires assessment of other factors sharing the same sources and also possibly impacting health, such as noise. Fine-scale exposure assessment of air pollution levels may allow identifying spatial contrasts. Such spatial variations may lead to social differences in the distribution of the health impact of these pollutants.The general aims of the PhD were: 1. To study the possibility to model ultrafine particles distribution in urban areas and assess the correlation of ultrafine particles levels with road traffic noise; 2. To assess the risk incurred by air pollution exposure with a fine-scale modelling approach and investigate the potential socio-economic disparities in health burden induced by particulate matter; 3. To investigate the health benefits expected from hypothetical scenarios of reduction of air pollution levels at the urban scale.The first aim relies on Tri-tabs project, conducted in three European cities (Basel, Girona, Grenoble). Measurements during 20 minutes of outdoor noise and traffic, but not of UFP, were strongly reproducible over durations of a couple of days or months. In these areas, on the short-term, noise levels and UFP concentrations exhibited relatively moderate correlations, which may allow adjustment for mutual confounding in epidemiological studies, thus allowing to disentangle their possible short-term health effects.The second aim introduces health effects, and focuses on the longer term. Risk assessment studies often ignore within-city spatial variations of air pollutants. In Grenoble and Lyon areas (0.4 and 1.2 million inhabitants, respectively) in 2012, PM2.5 exposure was estimated on a 10×10 m grid by coupling a dispersion model to fine-scale data on population density. Outcomes were mortality, lung cancer and term low birth weight incidences. The numbers of cases attributable to air pollution were estimated overall and stratifying areas according to the European Deprivation Index, a measure of social deprivation. Estimations were repeated assuming spatial homogeneity of air pollutants within city. The proportion of cases attributable to air pollution was in the 3-8% range for mortality and 9–43% range for term low birth weight. In Grenoble, 6.8% (95% CI: 3.1–10.1%) of incident lung cancer cases were attributable to air pollution. The impact was underestimated by 8 to 20% when background monitoring stations were used to assess exposure, compared to fine-scale dispersion modeling. Health impact was highest in neighborhoods with intermediate to higher social deprivation.Several countries across Europe have implemented air pollution regulation policies, or low emission zones, France being an exception. We estimated the health impact of air pollution under different scenarios of reduction of fine particulate matter concentrations. Scenarios targeting a reduction in the PM2.5 annual averages by 5% led to a 10% decrease of the health burden, while actions aiming at only reducing the exposure of the population exposed above the 90th percentile did not yield a significant reduction of the health burden (around 1%).In conclusion, we have shown that short-term measurements cannot be used to model ultrafine particles levels in urban areas; we were among the first to rely on a fine-scale exposure model for estimating the health impact of air pollution, and quantify its impact on term low birth weight. Our estimations showed that background air quality monitoring stations used classically in France for health impact assessment studies tend to underestimate exposure, compared to a spatially-resolved dispersion model. We have provided an estimate of the air pollution decrease required to obtain a significant reduction of the health impact of air pollutants in urban areas
Gillard, Nicolas. "Traitement du signal quantique : effets de bruit utile et intrication". Thesis, Angers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANGE0036.
Testo completoHere we examine standard signal processing issues, such as signal detection in noise, parametric estimation from noisy signals, transmission of information over a noisy channel, but in a quantum framework. We follow more specifically a specific thread, already well developed in classical, and constituted by the effects of useful noise or stochastic resonance phenomenon - situations of signal or information processing in the presence of noise, where the performance does not monotonically deteriorate when the noise level increases, but instead where the increase in noise can be beneficial to the processing. In the presence of quantum signals and noises, we thus highlight the possibility of such stochastic resonance effects, in tasks of detection, estimation or signal transmission. In these quantum signal processing studies, we also encounter a specifically quantum property consisting of entanglement. We also investigate the contribution of entanglement, with purely quantum benefits that are inaccessible in classical, obtained for signal processing tasks in the presence of noise that we are studying. We also consider two-dimensional signals that can be likened to digital processing of quantum images. The quantum signal processing studies developed here are mainly theoretical and numerical. In addition, we present experimental implementations that we have been able to achieve thanks to a quantum processor made accessible online by the IBM company (IBM Q 14 Melbourne processor of 14 qubits)
Mbailassem, Fulbert. "Contrôle du bruit par effets de localisation par géométries irrégulières". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI095/document.
Testo completoIn this thesis, the acoustical behavior of irregular cavities leading to localization phenomenon is investigated for noise reduction applications. The aim of this work is to study and create by means of passive method, an accumulation of acoustical energy and dissipate it. Before addressing geometrical irregularities effects on the sound field, viscothermal dissipation mechanisms of sound are recalled and illustrated through few networks of quarter-wave resonators. In a second part, a study of the localization phenomenon is carried out by a modal analysis approach. The localization is quantified by the relative existence volume (VER), an indicator which gives a measure of the volume of the region in which a mode is localized as a fraction of the total cavity volume. The localization analysis is conducted using both regular and irregular cavities. It has been shown that only cavities with irregular geometry, such that sub-cavities are formed, can localize some acoustical modes. Moreover, the frequency of a localized mode is related to the dimensions of the localization region. Following the investigation of the localization phenomenon, the relation between cavities geometry and sound energy dissipation has been studied by the estimation of damping indicators, such as the quality factor, the sound absorption coefficient or the energy damping rate. According to this study, irregular cavities have higher capability to damp sound waves compared to regular cavities. However, for the case of irregular cavities only, the induced dissipation is not proportional to the localization. Nevertheless, when irregularities of rigid walls are not able to achieve sufficient dissipation, this can be obtained with slightly absorptive porous materials of irregular geometry. In fact, the dissipative properties of some porous materials can be optimized by giving them irregular interface. Finally, an experimental set-up has been designed to validate the localization phenomenon and to confirm the damping tendency of irregular geometries in comparison to regular ones. Moreover, measurements of the sound absorption coefficient of a hemp concrete reveal that the sample of irregular geometry achieves sound dissipation more than 40% higher than the one achieved by a regular plane sample. Finally, this thesis has addressed a technological challenge consisting of experimentally validating the localization phenomenon which is so far very difficult to obtain by the use of conventional pressure microphones. In the framework of this thesis, an optical non-conventional sound pressure measurement technique has been used. The used technique is the laser refracto-vibrometry which consists of using a laser vibrometer in some specific conditions to measure the acoustical field (sound pressure). This technique is difficult to conduct but it has the advantage of being contactless, thus less cumbersome for even very small cavities as compared to pressure microphones
Petiot, Jean-Claude. "Réponses cardiovasculaires au bruit chez l'homme : étude expérimentale des différences interindividuelles et de l'adaptation aux expositions répétées". Dijon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987DIJOS016.
Testo completoPouille, Céline. "Effets de la chicorée sur la santé animale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR076.
Testo completoThis project is part of a broad issue concerning the characterization of the health and nutrition potential of agri-food products derived from the natural biodiversity of chicory as well as its improved varieties. This issue aims to promote conventional products and especially those with functional food value, which therefore provide, beyond basic nutritional functions, physiological benefits and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.The objective of this thesis work was to test different products from industrial chicory (Cichorium intybus var. sativum), in particular flours produced from the roots, as well as different classes of molecules that enter the composition of the plant, to analyze their effects on animal and human health. This project included three stages of development: i) the characterization of the functional potential of food products (chicory flours and inulin) through nutrigenomic, physiological and metagenomic analyses in mice; ii) an in vivo and in vitro identification of the different classes of molecules responsible for the health effects observed (fructose, chlorogenic acids and sesquiterpene lactones), and iii) the evaluation of the impact of the in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion on the functional status of the flours and their compounds. The results obtained highlighted the antitumoral, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, on mice gut microbiota and the potential regulatory activity of energy homeostasis, of chicory flour and its bioactive compounds (Pouille et al., 2020; Pouille et al., 2022)
Smolik, Henri-Jacques. "Effets de bruits à caractère impulsionnel sur la fonction cardiovasculaire et sur les potentiels évoqués auditifs précoces chez l'homme : différences interindividuelles liées a l'âge, au sexe et a la personnalité". Dijon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989DIJOS026.
Testo completoMessin, Gaétan. "Luminescence, bruit et effets non linéaires dans les microcavités semi-conductrices". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00000858.
Testo completoMessin, Gaétan. "Luminescence, bruit et effets non lineaires dans les microcavites semi-conductrices". Paris 6, 2000. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00000858v2.
Testo completoLavaine, Emmanuelle. "Les Inégalités sociales de santé liées aux effets de la pollution sur la santé". Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010047/document.
Testo completoMany pollutants are declining throughout the industrialized world. However, exposure to air pollution, even at the levels commonly achieved nowadays in European countries, still leads to adverse health effects. In this context, there has been increasing global concern over the public health impacts attributed to environmental pollution. The thesis aims to examine health impacts linked to environmental pollution by sheding light on their macroeconomic consequences. The first objective of the thesis is to explore empirically the relations between socio-economic status, environmental exposures and health outcomes. Through econometric analysis, we study the total mortality rate in relation to socioeconomic status and air pollution for the French department, and the effect of energy production on new born health using a recent strike that affected oil refineries in France as a natural experiment. Finally, the last part of the thesis tries to draw inferences about individuals' valuations of risk by combining estimates of the effect of air pollution on bath property values and hospital respiratory admissions for respiratory causes
Etoundi, Joseph. "Exploration des effets santé potentiels des riz de Camargue". Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT032.
Testo completoThe exploration of health properties of Camargue French rice necessited (a) in vivo and in vitro pharmacological methods,(b) an accurate technology of rice fractionation and (c) the capacity to perform and characterize chemically-extracted bioactive compounds.Results of the research project are confidential
Moro, François. "L'administration du système de santé : les effets de la création de l'agence régionale de santé". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10002/document.
Testo completoThe administration of the health care system was deeply changed with the introduction of health agencies. The implementation of the ARS in 2009 contributes to unify the health action at the local level, what was missing under the influence of the ARH. The introduction of the ARS solely expresses a supposed simplification of the health care system, at the confluence of a classic health agency and of a local administration of the State. This new agency appears then as an unprecedented territorial agency what is proved by its intervention on the health care system. The appropriation of regulating instruments by this agency, which can be embodied in the contract, shows a renewal in health action. The ARS carries out a local regulation of health system which is original. This reform of health action is far away from being completed. Relationships between the ARS and public health institutions reveal this partial efficiency. The addition of functions awarded to the ARS harms the readability and the efficiency of its intervention on the health care system. The ARS has to be self-sufficient to become the main regulator of the health care system
Goulet, Julie. "Le mode alimentaire méditerranien chez des femmes québécoises en santé : applicabilité et effets sur la santé". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24684/24684.pdf.
Testo completoGoulet, Julie. "Le mode alimentaire méditerranéen chez des femmes québécoises en santé : applicabilité et effets sur la santé". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19176.
Testo completoGigan, Sylvain. "Amplification paramétrique d'images en cavité : Effets classiques et quantiques". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007425.
Testo completod'une image par un processus paramétrique. Réaliser cette
amplification de manière continue nécessite de placer le milieu
paramétrique dans une cavité optique. En théorie, cette
amplification est sans bruit, et permet de générer des états
non-classiques du champ.
On étudie tout d'abord classiquement la propagation d'une image
dans un système paraxial, puis les cavités dégénérées
transversalement. On en déduit un formalisme permettant de décrire
la transmission d'une image à travers une cavité paraxiale
quelconque. Ce formalisme est illustré par l'étude théorique et
expérimentale de la transmission d'une image à travers une cavité
particulière : la cavité hémi-confocale. Une partie théorique
s'intéresse ensuite aux spécificités de l'amplification d'image.
L'amplificateur paramétrique en cavité sous le seuil
d'oscillation, connu pour générer du vide comprimé, peut également
amplifier un faible signal injecté. On montre l'apparition de
bruit supplémentaire sur le signal amplifié, spécifique à
l'amplification, dû au couplage au bruit de la pompe. On étudie
ensuite du point de vue quantique le comportement multimode
transverse d'un amplificateur paramétrique optique en cavité
hémi-confocale.
Enfin, une partie expérimentale étudie le comportement d'un
oscillateur paramétrique optique confocal au dessus du seuil et on
prouve qu'il produit des faisceaux non-classiques multimodes
transverses. On montre ensuite qu'il est possible d'amplifier de
manière sensible à la phase un signal dans cette même cavité sous
le seuil d'oscillation. Dans une seconde expérience en
configuration de double cavité hémi-confocale, plus stable, on
réalise la première amplification paramétrique multimode d'une
image en cavité.
Averiyanov, Mikhail Blanc-Benon Philippe. "Propagation des ondes acoustiques à travers un milieu turbulent Etudes théorique et expériementale des effets de diffraction et des effets non linéaire /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/maveriyanov.pdf.
Testo completoFerré, Marie-Frédérique. "Travailler dans un réseau de santé : effets sur les pratiques professionnelles et la santé psychique au travail". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20003/document.
Testo completoThe new needs as regards care and taking charge of patients have contributed to the creation of health networks. As they are growing fast, they are an integral part of the French sanitation system. The impact, on the health professionals, of networking is, today, the object of contrasted research and results, but has little been studied as far as Social Psychology, Work and Organizations are concerned. The aim of this thesis is, on the one hand, to describe the effects of the participation to a health network where professional practices and psychic health at work are concerned and, on the other hand, to examine the variables and process accounting for the variability of these effects. This research privileges an approach to the health network as a place of socialization and personalization (Malrieu & Malrieu, 1973). The research on the ground is carried out in collaboration with the health network town-hospital RéPPOP Midi-Pyrénées (Prevention and Taking charge of Pediatric Obesity Network) , which has the specificity to work on the basis of Trios/Duos of partners to take charge of children. Those partners can be doctors, dieticians, psychologists, physiotherapists… However , another key-variable, able to moderate these relationships, will be taken into account : the collective dynamics will be analyzed according to the theoretical concepts of “collective work”, “working collective” and collective activity (Caroly, 2010).We assume that the effects of being part of a health network vary according to individual variables ( length of time in the health network and initial adhesion motivations ) and to organizational variables ( structuring in Trios/Duos and links with the coordination team of the RePPOP Midi-Pyrénées ). Which will be modulated by the functioning dynamics between partners of the Trio/Duo. In a clinical approach, we have carried out semi-guided interviews with twenty private professionals and members of the RePPOP Midi-Pyrénées network, divided into 4 Trios and 4 Duos. The data analysis enabled us to characterize three kinds of collective dynamics, distinguished on collective work resources, working collective stayings and collective activity orientation. The results show how each pattern can have an influence on the relationship between practices changes and psychological health evolution. The results have enabled us to identify new explanatory elements of the variability due to belonging to a health network which supports research and application prospects on the ground next to the concerned professionals
Ferré, Marie-Frédérique. "Travailler dans un réseau de santé : effets sur les pratiques professionnelles et la santé psychique au travail". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20003.
Testo completoThe new needs as regards care and taking charge of patients have contributed to the creation of health networks. As they are growing fast, they are an integral part of the French sanitation system. The impact, on the health professionals, of networking is, today, the object of contrasted research and results, but has little been studied as far as Social Psychology, Work and Organizations are concerned. The aim of this thesis is, on the one hand, to describe the effects of the participation to a health network where professional practices and psychic health at work are concerned and, on the other hand, to examine the variables and process accounting for the variability of these effects. This research privileges an approach to the health network as a place of socialization and personalization (Malrieu & Malrieu, 1973). The research on the ground is carried out in collaboration with the health network town-hospital RéPPOP Midi-Pyrénées (Prevention and Taking charge of Pediatric Obesity Network) , which has the specificity to work on the basis of Trios/Duos of partners to take charge of children. Those partners can be doctors, dieticians, psychologists, physiotherapists… However , another key-variable, able to moderate these relationships, will be taken into account : the collective dynamics will be analyzed according to the theoretical concepts of “collective work”, “working collective” and collective activity (Caroly, 2010).We assume that the effects of being part of a health network vary according to individual variables ( length of time in the health network and initial adhesion motivations ) and to organizational variables ( structuring in Trios/Duos and links with the coordination team of the RePPOP Midi-Pyrénées ). Which will be modulated by the functioning dynamics between partners of the Trio/Duo. In a clinical approach, we have carried out semi-guided interviews with twenty private professionals and members of the RePPOP Midi-Pyrénées network, divided into 4 Trios and 4 Duos. The data analysis enabled us to characterize three kinds of collective dynamics, distinguished on collective work resources, working collective stayings and collective activity orientation. The results show how each pattern can have an influence on the relationship between practices changes and psychological health evolution. The results have enabled us to identify new explanatory elements of the variability due to belonging to a health network which supports research and application prospects on the ground next to the concerned professionals
Banner, Philippe. "Les effets des nouvelles générations d'armes à feu sur l'appareil auditif". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR1M300.
Testo completoKarr, Jean-Philippe. "Effets non linéaires et quantiques dans les microcavités semi-conductrices". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001199.
Testo completoNous montrons qu'en excitation résonante sous incidence normale, les effets non linéaires peuvent être décrits par un mélange à quatre ondes dégénéré de polaritons donnant un terme de type Kerr. Une étude théorique détaillée démontre que l'on peut obtenir une compression de bruit du champ réfléchi par la cavité. Nous avons mené les études expérimentales sur une microcavité refroidie à 4K et excitée par un laser continu quasi-monochromatique. Le bruit est mesuré au moyen d'une détection homodyne. L'ensemble des résultats est en bon accord qualitatif avec le modèle. Nous observons un comportement bistable à haute intensité d'excitation. Nous mettons en évidence la dépendance en phase de l'émission, confirmant l'existence d'un effet non linéaire cohérent, et une réduction du bruit en dessous du bruit thermique provenant de la luminescence quasi-résonante.
Enfin nous avons étudié théoriquement une autre configuration où l'angle d'incidence est choisi de façon à optimiser l'efficacité du processus de mélange paramétrique à quatre ondes non dégénéré de polaritons. Le comportement du système est alors analogue à celui d'un oscillateur paramétrique optique non dégénéré. Nous montrons que les intensités des deux faisceaux " signal " et " complémentaire " présentent des corrélations quantiques légèrement au-dessus du seuil d'oscillation paramétrique.
Mesnage, Robin. "Effets sur la santé d’un pesticide et des OGM à pesticides". Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2099.
Testo completoGlyphosate-based herbicides are the most used pesticides worldwide, their use is increasing with GM crops that are designed to tolerate their residues. A review of the scientific literature and of the tests carried out by pesticide companies showed that the health effects assessment of Roundup and GMOs is insufficient. Their long-term effects were never evaluated until we made our own experience. In this study, Roundup and a GMO (NK603) increased the mammary tumors incidence, and also impacted livers and kidneys of rats from low environmental doses. These effects are due to the neglecting of hormonal and sex-specific effects, and of the toxicity of adjuvants which are mistakenly considered inert in pesticide formulations. Ethoxylated adjuvants are 10. 000 times more toxic than glyphosate on human cells, and are thus good candidates to explain the chronic toxic effects of Roundup. We have demonstrated that the neglecting of adjuvants is a general feature of pesticide toxicology. These gaps lead to an under-estimation of the Acceptable Daily Intake of Roundup. Bt toxins are the second most common type of pesticide associated with GMOs. We evidenced their toxicity to human cells, by contrast to all preconceived ideas used in the regulations without scientific evidence of innocuity. All these studies have given rise to heated debates that have revealed how conflicts of interests in the assessment of side effects can lead to health risks
Bonnefoy-Claudet, Sylvette. "Nature du bruit de fond sismique : implications pour les études des effets de site". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007397.
Testo completoKostallari, Krist. "Contribution à l’étude des effets psychologiques du bruit de parole dans les bureaux ouverts". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI024/document.
Testo completoIt seems now accepted that speech noise in open-plan offices is the main source of annoyance for employees. This work aims to evaluate the psychophysiological effects of intelligible speech on the employees performing one or multiple tasks. For this purpose, two experiments were conducted. The first experiment evaluates the decrease in performance (DP) during a serial recall task for high values of speech intelligibility. The chosen acoustical indicator is the Speech Transmission Index (STI). Fifty-five subjects participated during this experiment. The results show a significant effect of the STI on the DP. However, this experiment does not reflect the reality of an open-plan office because of the specificity of the task performed during a brief period of time. The second experiment aims to elaborate on laboratory tests which are closer to work conditions in an open-plan office and to evaluate the effect of intelligible speech on the psychological indicators. Thirty-nine subjects participated to the experiment. Different measurements such as psychological fatigue, sound annoyance and the cognitive workload were performed. The subjects were subdued to three different sound conditions (stationary noise, ‘speech-like’ amplitude-modulated noise and intelligible speech) during three days. For each day, the subjects did their work while being exposed to the same sound condition during six hours and forty-five minutes. The results show a significant effect of the speech condition on the psychological state of the subjects. The speech seems to be the most tiring and the most annoying sound source out of the three conditions. It also induces a supplementary cognitive workload. Hereafter the results of these two experiments, the psychological models applied during this thesis could be adopted to conduct in-situ surveys for purposes of preventing the psychological hazards due to noise in open-plan offices
Lemaître, Guillaume. "Étude perceptive de nouveaux avertisseurs sonores automobiles". Le Mans, 2004. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2004/2004LEMA1013.pdf.
Testo completoThe framework of this document is based in two questions: how to create sounds which warn of the dangerous presence of a car, but which can be personalised? How to reproduce these sounds using a transducer which is far from being a perfectconverter of an electric signal to an audio signal? Three phenomena are distinguished. The first is the perception of the timbre of the sounds. After the perceptual validation of the choice of the corpus of sounds, all of the recorded sounds are categorized by the listeners. This categorization reveals nine perceptual families of car horn sounds. The perception of the timbre of the car horns is then explored and modeled as three elementary sensations, each one correlated with an acoustic descriptor. The second aspect relates to the function of the warning signal. This function is associated with the the typicality of sound within the car horn sounds familie, and is related to the acoustic descriptors of timbre. Prototypical families of sounds are defined, and described by means of the acoustic descriptors. Finally, the reproduction of the sounds by means of an electrodynamic horn loudspeaker is explored, so as to model the modifications introduced between the electric signal and the acoustic signal. The results are used for the development of a method of assisted design of new sounds. The originality of this work lies in the transverse process which was adopted to answer the problems raised by a manufacturer. The methods and concepts used arise from the fields of the psychology of hearing, and in particular of the perception of musical instruments, of electroacoustics and musical acoustics. Whatever the nature of the studied phenomenon, perceptual or physical, care was taken in the rigorous application of an experimental procedure. All the results make it possible to build an effective solution to the problem raised by the car horn manufacturer
Duclos, Jean-Claude. "Du bruit, de la surdité et de l'information : aspects physiologiques et psychophysiologiques". Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10038.
Testo completoEl, Aarbaoui Tarik. "Exposition personnelle au bruit et variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS020.
Testo completoThe work reported in this thesis aimed to evaluate the short-term associations between personal exposure to noise and heart rate variability (VFC) – as a proxy of the state of the autonomic nervous system – in a real-life context. To do so, the analyzes were based on measurements collected by the RECORD Multisensor study, for which subjects wore during one week a set of sensors (a noise dosimeter, an electrocardiograph, an accelerometer and a GPS) during their usual activities. First, we documented concomitant non-linear (positive) associations, as well as lagged (negative) associations between sound level (LAeq) and VFC parameters. Then, we assessed how these associations were modulated by the context of exposure, as defined by the visited places and transport modes used. Although differences between contexts have been reported, their interpretation was limited by factors related to the real-life context measurement and the presence of unmeasured confounding factors. Finally, we focused on the characterization of noise exposure, usually summarized by a single indicator, the LAeq, which represents the average value of the sound energy weighted to match the sensitivity of the human ear. Our study revealed that this indicator was not the most predictive of the cardiovascular response, both in the dimension it represents (energetic) and in the weighting used
Peyrol, Julien. "Hydroxytyrosol et effets santé : Nouvelles voies d’action via ses métabolites glucurono-conjugués". Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG0713/document.
Testo completoOlive oil polyphenols are well-known to lower cardiovascular mortality and type 2 diabetes incidence associated to the Mediterranean diet. However, the high metabolization rate of hydroxytyrosol, the main phenolic compound of olive oil, into glucuronides, questions its real biological effect. The first objective of this thesis was to evidence the importance of glucuronides of Hydroxytyrosol in the enhancement of vascular function through antioxidative properties. It was found that, unlike to hydroxytyrosol that can be directly transported with bilitranslocase glucuronides have to be deconjugated by β-glucuronidase to exert their biological activity. A second objective was to evidence the effects of Hydroxytyrosol and glucuronides on vascular function in diet-induced metabolic syndrome rats. Neither hydroxytyrosol nor glucuronides modulated vascular function in this pathological context. A third objective was to show the effect of a chronic Hydroxytyrosol supplementation in refined olive oil on cardiovascular risk factors in a mice model of Metabolic Syndrome. Hydroxytyrosol supplementation was able to reduce weight gain, white adipose tissues mass and to lower blood pressure. These hypotensive effects seem to be due in smooth muscle cells function. In conclusion, our works highlight the importance of Hydroxytyrosol and its glucuronoconjugated metabolites, both contributing to the reduction of the incidence of cardiovascular risk factors associated to type 2 diabetes and Metabolic syndrome
Charette, Olivier. "Les effets des conflits travail-famille dans le secteur de la santé". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6088.
Testo completoRenteux, Elisabeth. "Exposition et effets du tabagisme passif pour la santé des non-fumeurs". Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P077.
Testo completoBentayeb, Malek. "Effets de la pollution atmosphérique sur la santé respiratoire des personnes âgées". Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066069.
Testo completoThe main objective of this thesis was to increase knowledge on the respiratory effects of air pollution in the elderly where few data are available. Specific objectives were: (1) To study the relationship between proximity air pollution and respiratory health in elderly (2) To study the relationship between indoor air pollution measured objectively (in French households and in European nursing homes) on respiratory health of elderly (3) to explore the hypothesis of higher susceptibility of the elderly to the effects of outdoor and indoor air pollution. Data from three epidemiological studies based on samples of a general population were used: the three cities study (3C) in the investigation of the effects of outdoor air pollution, the campaign of the French Observatory for Indoor Air Quality (OQAI) and "GERiatric study In Europe on health effects of air quality in nursing homes"(GERIE) to investigate effects of indoor air pollution. Our results are consistent with previous data and suggest that exposure to air pollution (outdoors and indoors), even at lower concentrations, could be significantly related to high prevalence of respiratory health outcomes among elderly more specifically symptoms suggestive of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) such as breathlessness, dyspnea, chronic cough and phlegm, and wheezes suggestive of asthma. The most consistent results were obtained for breathlessness and dyspnea. Some associations were more pronounced in older subjects, this support the hypothesis of greater susceptibility of elderly regarding exposure to air pollution
Briant, Tristan. "Caractérisation du couplage optomécanique entre la lumière et un miroir : bruit thermique et effets quantiques". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004972.
Testo completoNous avons mesuré le bruit thermique du miroir et suivi son évolution temporelle dans l'espace des phases. Nous avons refroidi le miroir en exerçant une force de friction froide et obtenu une compression du bruit thermique dans l'espace des phases.
Une étude spatiale des modes acoustiques internes a été réalisée pour différentes géométries du miroir, en balayant une force de pression de radiation sur la surface du miroir. Les résultats valident les modèles théoriques utilisés pour les interféromètres gravitationnels et permet de définir une géométrie favorable à la démonstration des effets quantiques du couplage optomécanique.
Nous présentons également une étude théorique des bruits thermiques et quantiques dans un nouveau type d'antenne gravitationnelle, constituée de deux sphères imbriquées.
Averiyanov, Mikhail. "Propagation des ondes acoustiques à travers un milieu turbulent : Etudes théorique et expériementale des effets de diffraction et des effets non linéaire". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECDL0018.
Testo completoBelhadj, Abdenabi. "Etude des effets parasites et des mécanismes de dégradation du transistor à effet de champ à haute mobilité électronique". Limoges, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIMO0092.
Testo completoTartarin, Jean-Guy. "LE BRUIT DE FOND ÉLECTRIQUE DANS LES COMPOSANTS ACTIFS, CIRCUITS ET SYSTÈMES DES HAUTES FRÉQUENCES : DES CAUSES VERS LES EFFETS". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00539034.
Testo completoMarchesse, Yann. "Etude expérimentale de la contribution des sources d'origine thermique à l'émission acoustique des jets supersoniques". Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT2267.
Testo completoHourany, Karl. "Contribution à l'exploitation du bruit ambiant pour le contrôle santé intégré passif des barres et des tubes". Thesis, Valenciennes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VALE0039/document.
Testo completoThe works presented in this manuscript are based on previous studies conducted at the Institute of Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology of the University of Valenciennes and Hainaut Cambrésis. They concern the development of an embedded monitoring system for the control of materials and structures used in different transport domains (pipeline, aerospace, railway ...). This is the Structural Health-Monitoring principle. The idea is to integrate sensors into the surfaces of the controlled structures in order to achieve a non-destructive control system for the control of the latter during their entire lifetime. First the work done at the laboratory in this domain, are illustrated, some definitions such as ultrasonic waves, the Non Destructive Testing and the Structural Health Monitoring are recalled, to switch later to the explanation of the passage from an active control to a passive control. In a second step, an images comparison algorithm based on the local minima present in these images has been proposed and tested on simple images of sixteen pixels and was used to test the degree of resemblance between them. The explanation of the developed algorithm is divided into two parts. In the first one, we explain how to extract the local minima of an image. The second part describes the procedure for determining the rate of resemblance between the images. The simulation of the propagation of a signal in a reverberant plate and the obtaining of the frequency time images corresponding to filtered correlation (autocorrelation) has been described. The algorithm was validated on those images allowing the localization of an unknown source position
Bureau, Gabrielle. "Les effets sur la santé respiratoire du travail de moniteur/sauveteur au Québec". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27674.
Testo completoLe but des travaux de ce mémoire est d’évaluer les effets sur la santé respiratoire découlant du travail en piscine intérieure chez des sauveteurs au Québec. Nous avons étudié la relation entre l’exposition professionnelle à l’environnement des piscines intérieures et la présence de divers symptômes respiratoires et irritatifs, de même que la présence de plusieurs variables liées à l’asthme. Un questionnaire en ligne auto-administré au printemps 2014 a permis d’intégrer les réponses de 870 sauveteurs. Les travailleurs exposés dans la dernière année ont expérimenté plus de toux et d’irritation de la gorge et des yeux dans les douze derniers mois que les travailleurs non exposés au cours de cette période. Plusieurs des symptômes présents au travail étaient statistiquement associés à la durée de l’exposition au cours de la vie. Parmi les sujets asthmatiques, ceux exposés au cours de l’année ont présenté un risque statistiquement plus élevé de souffrir de crises d’asthme au cours de cette période que ceux non exposés. Les effets à la santé respiratoire rapportés par les présents travaux renforcent l’importance des mesures reconnues efficaces pour contrôler et suivre la présence de contaminants en piscine intérieure, dans le but d’assurer la sécurité des travailleurs de ce milieu, de même que celle des autres utilisateurs.
The purpose of this master thesis is to evaluate the effects of working in an indoor swimming pool environment on respiratory health of lifeguards in the Québec province. We studied the relationship between occupational exposure to indoor swimming pools environment and multiple irritative and respiratory symptoms, as well as various asthma-related outcomes. During the spring 2014, a self-administered online questionnaire documented answers from 870 lifeguards. Exposed workers in the past year experimented more cough, throat and eye irritation in the past twelve months than non-exposed workers for the same period of time. Many work-related symptoms were statistically associated with exposure over lifetime. Among asthmatic subjects, exposed ones during the past year presented a higher risk of having asthma crisis in this period than non-exposed subjects. Considering the effects on respiratory health reported by this study, it seems necessary to evaluate the need to put in place monitoring and control systems to improve air quality of indoor swimming pools, in order to ensure the safety of the workers, as well as the safety of other users.
Chaix, Basile. "Modélisation des effets du contexte sur la santé et le recours aux soins". Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066044.
Testo completoEvans, David. "L'estimation des effets des interventions de santé publique à partir des données observationnelles". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066694.
Testo completoDans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à la façon de mener une analyse épidémiologique afin de la rendre plus directement informative pour la prise de décision politique et pour la conceptualisation des interventions. Cette approche nous a amené à privilégier certains principes et approches méthodologiques qui ont connu des avancées conceptuelles et techniques récentes. Ces approches ont été explorées et développées dans les deux articles publiés dans le cadre de cette thèse. Dans le premier article, nous avons proposé une approche de sélection des variables d’ajustement dans une analyse épidémiologique qui combine les hypothèses a priori encodées dans un GAO avec une méthode de sélection de covariables, en l’occurrence la procédure dite de « changement de l’estimation d’effet ». Dans le deuxième article, nous avons estimé l’association entre le nombre de patients traités par la dialyse péritonéale dans un centre et les résultats du traitement, en utilisant les GAO pour présenter les hypothèses et pour justifier le choix de variables d’ajustement, une analyse de sensibilité probabiliste et une estimation des effets des interventions pour changer le nombre de patients traités dans les centres. Dans l’analyse standard, il y avait une association protectrice entre le nombre de patients traités et le risque de transfert en hémodialyse ; dans l’analyse centrée sur la politique, l’effet était toujours protecteur mais d’une moindre importance. Ce travail a soulevé plusieurs questions conceptuelles et techniques qui pourraient être le sujet des recherches futures
Cohadon, Pierre-François. "Bruit thermique et effets de la pression de radiation dans une cavité optique de grande finesse". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011772.
Testo completoCohadon, Pierre-François. "Bruit thermique et effets de la pression de radiation dans une cavite optique de grande finesse". Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066496.
Testo completoOuldali, Abdelaziz. "Approches pour l'analyse des signaux a phase polynomiale. Effets d'un bruit multiplicatif et d'une amplitude variable". Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112194.
Testo completoBiolchini, Romain. "Etudes des effets de température sur le bruit de jet subsonique par simulation des grandes échelles". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEC064.
Testo completoIn this PhD thesis, the effects of temperature on aerodynamic development and acoustic radiation of subsonic jets are studied. This is done thanks to 3D compressible Large Eddy Simulations with low dissipative and dispersive numerical schemes that propagate the acoustic waves properly. The far-field noise is then determined with the acoustics analogy proposed by Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings.First, single round jets are studied. Two operating points are computed: an isothermal jet and a hot jet with an exhaust temperature twice the one of the ambient air (Tj = 2T0). The comparison of both cases is based on a similar exhaust velocity. In both cases, Reynolds number based on the nozzle diameter is above 105. To validate numerical methodology, aerodynamic and acoustic results are successfully compared against experiments. Further analyses are conducted to highlight the new acoustic sources that result from the temperature increase and the effects on the azimuthal mode distribution.Secondly, a more complex geometry representative of a real turbofan engine is considered, including two streams and the plug. The same methodology as the one used for the single jet nozzle is applied. Again, two simulations are computed where the exhaust velocities of both streams are kept constant and only the exhaust primary stream temperature is modified (multiplied by two). Differences on aerodynamic development are less important than the ones observed on single stream jets. However, the upstream acoustic radiation is significantly influenced by the modification of the exhaust temperature. In the colder case, upstream acoustic trapped waves are evidenced in the core jet and interact with the plug. This phenomenon is not reproduced when the primary stream is heated and explains the observed differences on the acoustic radiation
Pouyatos, Benoît. "Sensibilité auditive au bruit ou au styrène en fonction de l'âge : expérimentation animale". Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10015.
Testo completoNoise and styrene are two occupational agents that can disrupt the auditory function of exposed subjects. The main goal of this thesis was to evaluate the influence of aging on the auditory sensitivity to noise or styrene in the Long-Evans rat. For this purpose, noise- and styrene-induced hearing losses were studied with 3, 5 and 24 month-old rats. Hearing was tested by recording auditory evoked potentials (EAP) and cubic distortion products (DPOAE). Cochlear hair cell loss and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) concentrations in inferior colliculus (IC) were also measured. The results showed that aged rats were more sensitive to high-level noise than young rats, but almost insensitive to styrene. In fact, young rats exhibit a hypersensitive period extended beyond the age of 3 months. Finally, GAD concentrations in the IC decreased after a high-level noise but only in the young rats. The central plasticity seems therefore to depend both on age and the nature of the exposure
Gamboa, de Ingströmer Mariana del C. "Usages et effets des TIC dans l'enseignement des langues étrangères". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26206.
Testo completoThe purpose of this paper is to know more about the use of ICT in 3 Swedish schools and more precisely in the foreign language courses like French and Spanish. Some of the objectives of this study were the following: research on the attitudes of teachers and students towards ICT, to find out about the time that students spend using ICT during language classes and if they think this time is sufficient. In my research I have also tried to find out if students are experiencing health problems related to ICT and whether teachers have noticed an improvement in the marks by using the new technology. Questions regarding the training of teachers and their views on digital textbooks were also discussed. To collect the information needed I conducted surveys of three teachers and 27 students. I also made observations in schools and interviews with the teachers. The survey results are presented in figures and their analysis was compared to the theories expressed at the beginning of my paper. The study shows that ICT are still lacking in language classes but it does not seem to bother the students because according to surveys they seem quite happy with their education. The teachers in my study believe that ICT in general are a good tool to use and according to the results obtained in the questionnaires what could stop them from using ICT more often in class is the lack of time, interest or technical knowledge. Some health problems were in fact observed in the information gathered with surveys. When it comes to the improvement of the marks the teachers could not speak with certainty. There were differing opinions among them and this made it difficult to reach a consensus. Finally, the teachers interviewed admitted having had access to proper training to use the new technique.