Tesi: "Safety regulations"

1

Diaz, Yenny Farinas. "Predicting employee compliance with safety regulations, factoring risk perception". FIU Digital Commons, 2000. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2731.

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The purpose of this research was to develop a methodology that would evaluate employees’ personality traits, demographic characteristics, and workplace parameters to predict safety compliance along with the moderating effect of risk perception. One hundred and twenty five employees of a manufacturing facility were given questionnaires to gather their demographic and perception information. Surveys were also used to measure their personality characteristics, and periodic observations were recorded to document employee’s safety compliance. A significant correlation was found between compliance and the worker's perception of management's commitment to safety (r = 0.27, p < 0.01), as well as with gender (r = -0.19, p < 0.05). Females showed a significantly higher average compliance (78%), than males (69%). These findings demonstrated the value of developing a model to predict safety behavior that would assist companies In maintaining a safe work environment, preventing accidents, ensuring compliance, and reducing associated costs.

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2

McAllister, Steve Randolph. "Implementation of Food Safety Regulations in Food Service Establishments". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5902.

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Food service businesses in the United States have experienced millions of dollars in losses caused by foodborne illness outbreaks, which can lead to bankruptcy and business closures. More than 68% of all foodborne illness outbreaks occur in food service establishments. The purpose of this descriptive case study was to explore the strategies leaders of food service establishments use to implement food safety regulations. Force field analysis was the conceptual framework for this study. The population for the study consisted of 3 leaders of food service establishments located in the southeastern region of the United States. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and a review of the business policies and procedures that support compliance with critical food safety regulations. The methodological triangulation approach was used to assist in correlating the interview responses with company policies and procedures during the data analysis process. Yin's 5-step data analysis approach resulted in 3 themes: (a) organizational performance analysis for improvements in food safety, (b) strategies applied to improve food safety, and (c) stability of new strategies for food safety. The key strategies identified included adhering to the guidelines of food code and regulation, conducting employee training and awareness building, and working closely with food safety inspectors. The implications for positive social change include the potential to add knowledge to businesses, employees, and communities on the use of effective food safety strategies to minimize foodborne illnesses. Such results may lead to the improvement of service performance and long-term growth and sustainability of food service establishments.

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3

Calcador, Dr Carlos Juan. "Restaurant Management Strategies to Comply With Food Safety Regulations". ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4129.

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The recent economic crisis in Puerto Rico has created decreased health department fiscal capabilities, adding more responsibilities to health department officials in charge of restaurant inspections without adding more operational funds, which in turn led to less regulatory capacity. This situation instigated increased food safety regulation violations, and food safety legislation changes, imposing more economic pressure to restaurant owners, which leads to a lack of restaurant sustainability. The purpose of this case study was to explore strategies six business visionaries, smart entrepreneurs, who have positioned themselves as successful restaurateurs, in the restaurant industry in Puerto Rico. They were key factors in the understanding of the business strategies applied to comply with food safety regulations for the sustainability of their business. The study was grounded in the socio-economic theory of compliance. Semistructured interviews and company documents provided the data for the study. Through thematic analysis, 4 themes emerged, legislative impact and food safety regulations, reducing economic stress and cost controls, customer conduct, and employee knowledge transfer. Although, the fiscal crisis has severely affected the entire restaurant industry and the economy in general, also undoubtedly holds great opportunities for developing new strategies appropriate to the fiscal situation. One recommendation is to build cooperative relations with government agencies such as the CDC, or the state health department, use of mystery shopper programs, and embrace social impact strategies to improve food service practices that may optimize healthier food consumption for restaurant patrons and increase profitability.

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4

Detra, Zachary D. "The legitimacy of the International Civil Aviation Organization's universal safety oversight audit programme /". Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99556.

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Based on the International Civil Aviation Organization's (ICAO's) evolution into the realm of safety regulation, which is unforeseen by the Chicago Convention, this thesis analyzes the legitimacy of the Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme (USOAP) and ICAO's authority to regulate the sovereign states that enable its existence as an international organization. It concludes that ICAO's creation and operation of the USOAP is legitimate and sustainable based on: (1) an examination of international organizations generally; (2) the history and evolution of aviation safety audits; and (3) the relevant provisions of the Chicago Convention. Possible amendments to the Chicago Convention with the purpose of enhancing the USOAP are also considered and recommended.

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5

Lundin, Johan. "Safety in case of fire : the effect of changing regulations /". Lund : Dept. of Fire Safety Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, 2005. http://www.brand.lth.se/bibl/1032.pdf.

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6

Clark, Paul Ivor. "CDM regulations : safety targeted assessment through gateway evaluation (stage) approach". Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.573115.

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It has been well published that employment within the construction industry, particularly in manual roles, is a dangerous occupation. Within the United Kingdom (UK) some 2.2 million people are employed within this sector and during the last 25 years, over 2,800 people have died with many more injured or suffering ill health as a result of this occupation. Further to this, many more people have indirectly been killed or suffered injury or ill health by poorly designed and constructed workplaces. As a consequence, much research on occupational health and safety within this sector has been undertaken to establish root causes of accidents and ill health. One attributor identified by research is ineffective consideration of health and safety by construction designers during the design development stages. Legislation via the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007 (CDM2007) has been introduced in the UK to provide clear responsibilities on construction designers towards occupational health and safety. This responsibility requires construction designers to consider the impact of their design on the health and safety of those affected by the construction and end use, including end users, maintenance staff and future demolition workers. However, recent research has repeatability shown that CDM has not achieved the desired effect and that many construction designers are failing to fulfil their statutory designer duty obligations as defined by CDM2007 This research explores the established link between poor design and accident causation and the reported failures of construction designers to effectively manage their legal and moral obligations by considering health and safety implications of their designs. It uses data from existing studies, interviews, focus groups, online forums, questionnaires and case study observations, using a mixed method approach, targeting registered Architects. The research uncovers a number of underlying barriers that potentially hinder designer consideration of Health and Safety, proposes a number of influencing factors that act as triggers for design team involvement and suggests a framework to utilize these factors. The developed framework, called STAGE, establishes a series of structured design reviews throughout the design and construction phases of a project and provides tools to encourage and support collective consideration of health and safety risks. This method supports development of a safety culture with focus on collective knowledge sharing and encouragement of holistic and pre planned structured safety reviews. As pointed out by Walker (1989), disasters of all kinds occur with monotonous regularity in humanly devised systems. This impresses upon us the fact that good design is not simply a question of taste or style; it is literally a matter of life and death.

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7

Zakaria, Zalina. "Cosmetic safety regulations : a comparative study of Europe, the USA and Malaysia". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/cosmetic-safety-regulationsa-comparative-studyof-europe-the-usaand-malaysia(61936734-3118-4e89-986f-147211ec82cb).html.

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The need for product safety regulation is no longer a source of debate. It should be the primary aim in any consumer protection policy. This is due to the fact that there are a lot of consumer goods that are heterogeneous and more technologically advanced that are continually being introduced to consumers. Cosmetic products are currently one of the most popular consumer products. Their increase in sales is evident globally including in developing countries. They are no longer solely associated with women but are being used by all people, of all ages. With such popularity, cosmetics producers are eager to make a profit, which sometimes has resulted in the introduction of cosmetics which are not safe and cause adverse effects. This suggests that there might be a loophole in the adequacy of the safety laws or regulations. The possibility of these safety issues occurring anywhere is generally acknowledged, which makes it a global issue. Although such cases are not as frequent as for other consumer goods such as foods or pharmaceuticals, there is a need to investigate the cosmetics safety mechanisms in order to see if consumers are adequately protected and if the safety mechanisms for cosmetics are efficient. In realising this aim, the study takes three jurisdictions to compare, namely the EU, the USA and Malaysia. Through analysis, the ideal features of cosmetics regulations based on the larger picture of safety regulation generally are also considered. This study contrasts the EU and Malaysia, that have in place government regulation of cosmetics, with the USA that has a different regime for cosmetics, more dependent on self-regulation. Out of the three, Malaysia is the newest country that has introduced a new law on cosmetic products and this has been adopted from the EU model. Although discussions on cosmetic regulations have been undertaken in Malaysia, the legal safety issues to which they give rise have not been investigated systematically in comparison with the EU and the USA. Even in these jurisdictions cosmetics safety is not discussed as much as other consumer products. This thesis also investigates why Malaysia has adopted the EU policy and not some other policy such as the American one. Once the above issues have been considered, the impact of the new emerging technology of nano-cosmetics is analysed. The thesis found that, Malaysia, as with any newly introduced system, has experienced some setbacks and encountered teething problems due to a lack of resources, structure, technical facilities and qualified personnel. However, as a developing nation, it certainly has benefited from the adoption of the EU system. Although there is still much room for improvement, this borrowing has benefited consumers, in so far as safety is concerned, because of the common and standard safety assessments and the responsibility of safety now being placed on the manufacturers. Consumers can also enjoy more products due to the elimination of trade barriers through free movement and cooperation between member states

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8

Bikitsha, Luviwe. "The impact of prefabrication and pre-assembly on construction health and safety in South Africa". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1056.

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Thesis (MTech (Construction Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010
The construction industry adopts various methods to bring about the required structure. Typically, in every construction project, health and safety of workers will remain a major concern on site due to accidents, fatalities and illnesses which occur regularly. Despite these incidents raising a concern, construction site activities still involve workers in manual handling of heavy material and repetitive body movements which constitute ergonomic problems; The purpose ofthis study is to investigate the potential impacts of prefabrication and pre-assembly on the health and safety of construction workers. The objectives of this study were (l) to examine the health and safety hazards associated with traditional construction methods in South Africa; (2) to investigate the merits of prefabrication and pre-assembly in terms of their impact on overall health and safety improvements when compared with traditional construction methods; and (3) to investigate how construction clients perceive the use of prefabrication and pre-assembly as alternative construction methods that positively impact the overall health and safety of construction workers on site. Literature pertaining to the content of this research was extensively reviewed. An exploratory study was undertaken to examine the merits of prefabrication and pre-assembly in reducing ergonomic challenges associated with traditional construction methods, where construction workers were observed and interviewed. A self-administered questionnaire survey was used for construction clients, designers and contractors. The study revealed that 80% of clients in the sample reported that they preferred traditional construction methods instead of prefabrication. It was also found that clients selected prefabrication and preassembly for other reasons which were not associated with particular improvements ofhealth and safety in construction project. The study found that labour intensive methods also commonly known as traditional construction methods exposed workers to physically demanding activities that posed risks to their health and safety. Reportedly, 76% of workers experienced pain in their waist areas, 70% had pain in their shonlder and 66% had back problems while they were involved in traditional construction. Workers sometimes had to handle heavy material manually, worked at heights and experienced noise caused by heavy construction equipment. However, a case study focused on bricklaying activities and prefabrication insulation wall fixing revealed that prefabrication reduced the exposures of workers to both ergonomic challenges and ergonomic problems. The findings also suggest that traditional construction methods were more hazardous than ones involving prefabrication. Further research is needed to determine whether the use of other forms of prefabricated and preassembled components would reduce ergonomic and health and safety hazards associated with traditional construction methods.

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9

Іванівна, Харламова Тетяна. "THE AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER COMPETENCE WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF AVIATION SAFETY REGULATIONS". Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2014. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/11841.

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This thesis is intended to serve as a guide for operation of a flight safety function within international safety organizations. This paper is specifically focused on the impact of European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) Regulations as they are strongly applied to Aircraft Maintenance. The paper is intended on responsibilities for releasing Aircraft Maintenance Engineer License to sign off aircraft for flight. It also includes guidance to competency requirements of the Aircraft Maintenance Engineer.

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10

Alberto, Zeka. "The impact of the Namibian 1992 Labour Act on health and safety regulation in the Namibian industry". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/62550.

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This dissertation attempts to bring clarity and certainty in respect of the regulation of the health and safety aspect within the Namibian mining Industry. At the moment, there is lack of legal clarity in Namibia as to which set of laws or regulations applies to the mining industry in so far as health and safety of employees within the extractive industry is concerned therefore making it difficult for the industry to comply or comprehend its legal obligations. The absence of legal clarity culminated into uncertainty over which state functionaries are entrusted with the responsibility to regulate the health and safety aspect of mining in Namibia. It is observed that the uncertainty which prevails in the Namibian mining industry as to which laws or regulations are applicable in respect of health and safety of employees at work is attributed to and aggravated by the misconception of the Ministry of Mines and Energy which fails comprehend its role due to lack of proper legal advice and thereby assuming status quo. This research has found that Ordinance 20 of 1968 and its regulations were repealed to the extent that it dealt with health and safety of employees on mines and consequently the regulations of 1968 do not find application in Namibia since 1 November 1992. This paper further reveals or identifies the Health and Safety Regulations on the Health and Safety of Employees at Work made under Labour Act 6 of 1992 as the applicable law in this regard notwithstanding the fact that the assignment of the administration of functions under the Health and Safety regulations, is vague and contributes to the uncertainty instead of ameliorating the situation. The ordinance continues to be implemented by the ministry as if it is still applicable and very little is actually implemented under the 2007 Labour Act. Therefore, one can clearly say that in the absence of a new regulatory regime which introduces substantial change, there is nothing to measure against unless the Labour Act Regulations are properly assigned with post assignment directives.
Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Public Law
LLM
Unrestricted

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11

Seok, Jun Ho. "THREE ESSAYS ON FOOD SAFETY REGULATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS". UKnowledge, 2017. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/60.

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This dissertation investigates food safety regulations and international trade of agricultural products dividing into three aspects: the signalling effect from U.S. strict food safety regulations on U.S. vegetable exports, political determinants of sanitary and photosanitary non-tariff barriers, and the impact of trade barriers on employment in developing countries. In chapter 2, we investigate the impact of high U.S. maximum residue limit (MRL) standards on U.S vegetable exports to 102 countries utilizing the hierarchical model. MRL, which is one of non-tariff barriers with respect to food safety, is applied to home and foreign countries at the same time. Thus, firms in countries with higher food safety standards are expected to have a competitive advantage from the ‘signalling effect’. The results show that high MRL standards in the U.S. have a positive impact on U.S. vegetable exports, indicating the ‘signalling effect’ from the strict U.S. domestic MRL standards. The results provide policy makers with insights into how strict food safety regulations of the home country can be considered as a catalyst for increasing competitiveness in international markets. In chapter 3, we examine the political determinants of SPS notifications using a nonlinear threshold model with possible threshold variables (GDP per capita and tariff rate). This article finds no threshold values in both variables of GDP per capita and tariff rate. Our results also show that GDP per capita has a positive relationship with SPS notifications that are one of proxy variables for food quality. That implies the importance of quality competition in agriculture and food sectors. Our finding also represents no significant effect of tariff on SPS notifications. This indicates that a law of constant protection, presenting an inverse relationship between tariff and non-tariff barriers, is not satisfied in the agricultural and food sectors. In chapter 4, we investigate the impact of tariff and SPS barriers on food manufacturers’ skilled and unskilled employment in developing countries utilizing a structural equation model. Results show that both tariff and SPS barriers have a positive effect on unskilled labor employment in developing countries, while trade barriers are not associated with skilled labor employment. This implies that Hecksher-Ohlin theory, presenting labor abundant countries have a comparative advantage in labor-intensive industries such as food, explains well our results since developing countries are abundant in low-skilled labor. We also find that the age of food firm in developing countries is positively related to skilled employment; however, no relationship with unskilled employment. This implies that older food firms change their production process from labor intensive to capital or machine intensive.

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12

Chan, Sung-tai. "The enforcement of labour legislation in Hong Kong : a study of industrial safety regulations /". [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12323196.

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13

Williamson, Amy. "Learning from the positive for preventable injury in the workplace: Can non-deterrence based approaches encourage compliance?" Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/132589/2/__qut.edu.au_Documents_StaffHome_staffgroupW%24_wu75_Documents_ePrints_Amy_Williamson_Thesis%5B1%5D.pdf.

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This thesis provided a qualitative investigation into the use of advice and information by Work Heath and Safety (WHS) inspectors in Queensland. The effective provision of advice and information is fundamental to the success of the overall regulatory approach in Queensland that aims to not only monitor and enforce but also assist and encourage compliance. The research examined the current state-of-play regarding the use of advice and information by WHS inspectors, and how it is experienced by members of the Queensland construction industry. Using positive psychology as a novel paradigm, the identification of three core principles underpinning effective use of advice and information led to the development of 11 recommendations for Work Health and Safety Queensland.

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Wearaduwa, Vidana Kankanamge Thilani Kaushalya. "Economic Efficiency of Occupational Health and Safety Investments at Agricultural Cooperatives". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28861.

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Industries related to agricultural cooperatives record some of the highest injury rates in the U.S. Therefore, agricultural cooperatives are highly motivated to invest in occupational health and safety (OHS). This thesis examines the economic efficiency of OHS investments at agricultural cooperatives and identifies cooperative characteristics leading to greater economic efficiency of OHS investments. A multiple input-output data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to estimate technical efficiency. The effects of cooperative characteristics on the efficiency of OHS investments are estimated using ordinary least squares, censored regression, truncated regression, and the Simar and Wilson (2007) bootstrap procedure. Results show that the mean technical efficiency score was 0.833. Furthermore, a cooperative?s annual insurance premia has a significant, negative relationship with technical efficiency. In contrast, the experience levels of a cooperative?s top safety person and top managerial person and a location?s total workers employed have significant, positive relationships with efficiency in all estimated models.
North Dakota State University. Department of College of Agriculture, Food Systems and Natural Resources

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15

McAleenan, Philip. "A novel approach to health and safety in construction : culture, ethics reasoning and leadership". Thesis, University of South Wales, 2016. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/a-novel-approach-to-health-and-safety-in-construction-culture-ethics-reasoning-and-leadership(6ed80011-7ebf-4601-8b8c-ddc744ae82ed).html.

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Improvements to construction health and safety were driven by primary legislation promulgated in the 1970s and by subsequent regulations, codes and official guidance. In parallel social psychology, management and leadership theories were developing practical means for achieving health and safety objectives and reducing accidents and incidents of ill health. Despite the notable improvements that were achieved in countries with strong legislatives bases, the reduction in the rate of accidents has been significant but at the same time substantially falling short of providing safe and healthy workplaces. Construction sites remain places of high hazard and high risk activities for workers. Acknowledging the gains made by the compliance approach whilst challenging the underpinning assumptions on the causes of accidents and ill health, a critical theory methodology was developed to explore different perceptions and arrive at a new understanding of workplace culture within which safe practices take place. The purpose was to determine the degree of cultural maturity within and readiness of companies for the attainment of preventative workplace safety cultures, and this was achieved through the development of two projects, 1) the development of a cultural maturity index and 2) the development of an ethics reasoning pedagogy for construction professionals. Utilising a set of criteria deemed necessary for achieving success and sustainability the first project is a metric based on behavioural objectives and rational planning was designed and developed to ascertain the intangibles that would be indicative of a company’s culture. This was field tested and substantial revisions made to the original criteria resulting in a shift of focus from Corporate Social Responsibility, innovation and resourcefulness to moral agency, ethics reasoning and leadership, all of which were subject to critical evaluation and redefining on a priori principles. The resulting model, Organisation Cultural Maturing Index, is designed to develop a greater understanding of the social relationships that underpin workplace cultures and explain the many factors that come into play when health and safety programmes and practices are developed and implemented on construction sites. The model allows for the development of and flexibility in company and site specific approaches to achieving safe outcomes through respect for autonomous thought and support for collective action by all workplace employees. The model distinguished between concepts of leadership that are associated with managing operations and originates a new concept of leadership which initiates and supports agency and advocates a restructuring of workplace relationships in order to achieve safe, healthy and sustainable construction projects and contributes to a humanising ethos in work relationships. The second project is the development of under-graduate and post-graduate modules on ethics reasoning designed to facilitate moral agency through the development of critical thinking and reasoning skills and fill a gap in construction professional education. It integrates with the OCMI model through the provision of under-graduate and post-graduate programmes of study which develop the ethics reasoning skills of construction professionals facilitating their abilities to make design and operational judgements based on human and societal benefit. This project further integrates with the ethics standards required by Joint Board of Moderators and Engineering Council in respect of professionalism, and professional code of ethics such as the RICS’s. The review will further identify from both projects those elements of innovation and originality in the methodology adopted and applied to occupational health and safety and the insights and perspectives arrived at as a consequence.

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16

Suliman, Zaahirah. "A qualitative evaluation on the appropriateness of the current regulatory guidelines, on the manufacture of medicines within the radiopharmaceutical industry". University of the Western cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5658.

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Magister Pharmaceuticae - MPharm
The purpose of this research thesis, is to evaluate the appropriateness of the current regulatory guidelines on the manufacture of medicinal products within the radiopharmaceutical industry. The manufacture of radiopharmaceuticals is governed by two main regulatory bodies. The regulatory authority responsible for the governance of the pharmaceutical product has the primary objective of ensuring the safety, efficacy and purity of the products manufactured, while the nuclear regulator has the responsibility of ensuring that the products used and manufactured are done so in a safe and responsible manner. The main problem faced by this industry is one where the requirements between the two regulators are, in some instances, in direct conflict of each other. The methodology employed in this study included the review of current regulatory guidelines applicable to the manufacture of orthodox pharmaceuticals, compared to its applicability to the radiopharmaceutical industry. This review showed that the regulatory guidelines, when adopted without industry specific concessions, resulted in an industry which is not as appropriately regulated as orthodox medicines are. It is therefore concluded that, in order for the radiopharmaceutical manufacturing industry to be as appropriately regulated as the orthodox pharmaceutical industry, industry-specific guidelines are required to be developed by the regulatory authorities and adopted by the manufacturing industry.

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17

Levidow, L. "Contested rationality : early regulation of GMO releases in Britain". n.p, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/.

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18

Yu, Hao. "A knowledge based system for construction health and safety competence assessment". Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/88533.

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Organisational and individual Health and Safety (H&S) competence is an essential element to the successful completion of a construction project in a safe way and without hazards to the health of all workforce. Under the Construction (Design and Management) (CDM) Regulations 2007, the client should take reasonable steps to ensure that the appointed duty-holders and engaged people are H&S competent to design, build or co-ordinate the project. Although the CDM Regulations 2007 and its Approved Code of Practice (ACoP) have established ‘Core Criteria’ to guide the client to assess duty-holders’ H&S competence in the outset of a project, it is still difficult for most inexperienced clients to discharge the duty of making the key decisions in H&S competence assessment. In order to help the client implement H&S competence assessment, it is important to develop a tool that can effectively and efficiently support the client to make reasonable decisions in the selection of H&S competent duty-holders. According to the findings of the case study of existing formal H&S competence assessment schemes undertaken as part of this work, H&S competence assessment was characterised as a subjective, qualitative and non-linear regulation-compliance checking process. In addition, the case study helped identify the latent shortcomings in the ‘Core Critiera’ and the operational drawbacks in current practice of implementing H&S competence assessment. Based on a review of Information Technology (I.T.) and Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) applications in construction, Knowledge-Based System (KBS) is identified as being a suitable tool to support decision-making in H&S competence assessment, mainly due to its appropriateness to solve regulation-compliance checking problems and support subjective and qualitative decision-making process. Following a decision-making framework for H&S competence assessment, a KBS decision-support model was developed, applying three mechanisms to support the reasonable decision-making for H&S competence assessment. In order to develop an appropriate and practical KBS for H&S competence assessment, a textual knowledge base was developed, specifying the minimum satisfaction standards and a rating indicator system for ‘Core Criteria’. As a result, an online KBS was developed using Java Server Pages (JSP) technology and MySQL. The online KBS applied the textual knowledge base to support the screen, rating, ranking and reporting decision-supporting mechanisms. Simultaneously, the case inquiry and expert inquiry facilities were also included in the KBS for effective decision-making. Finally, construction experts and practitioners in H&S management evaluated the validity and usability of the KBS through a questionnaire survey. The prototype KBS was borne out to be an effective and efficient decision-support tool for H&S competence assessment and have the potential to be applied in practice.

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Chan, Sung-tai, e 陳崇泰. "The enforcement of labour legislation in Hong Kong: a study of industrial safety regulations". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31974697.

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20

Lloydd, Delwyn. "Evaluation of the Conceptual Framework for Performance Based Fire Engineering Design in New Zealand". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2754.

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The Department of Building and Housing is currently developing a performance framework that will, if adopted, provide a compulsory methodology for performance based fire engineering designs to prove compliance with the fire safety requirements of the New Zealand Building Code. The conceptual performance framework currently includes eight design fire scenarios, fire loads for particular building uses, and tenability criteria for the life safety of occupants. As the level of fire safety within the Code is not explicit, the Department of Building and Housing determined that the performance framework for fire should ensure buildings are designed and built to provide the same level of safety as if they complied with the current Compliance Document for New Zealand Building Code Fire Safety Clauses, C/AS1. This work analysed 12 buildings with a range of uses, which comply with the current C/AS1, using the conceptual performance framework to provide a risk comparison for life safety. Accepted, previously established calculation and modelling methods were used to test the case buildings to the performance framework. None of the buildings met the pass criteria proposed for life safety. Consequently, to comply with the performance framework, a building would be required to be designed to a higher level of safety than is currently accepted to meet code. This shows the current proposal provides a more onerous design regime for fire safety for buildings than the current C/AS1. The results of this research show the conceptual performance framework for fire safety is not ready to be included into New Zealand building regulations in its present form. Furthermore, protection from fire for primary structural members and systems, to protect against building collapse, and tenability criteria and fire fighting access for fire fighters needs to be developed and included in the framework.

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Kandarpa, Ramachandram. "REGS - a Regulatory Expert Guidance System for understanding and interpreting transportation regulations : application to Part 382 of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations /". Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09182008-063450/.

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22

Swiecicki, Ewa. "Legal aspects of licensing of airline transport pilots : international standards versus Canadian aviation safety regulations". Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61155.

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The laws and regulations governing certification of aviation personnel constitute one of the essential elements of aviation legislation. They have a significant effect upon the global safety of the civil air transportation system.
This dissertation aims at describing the existing regulations in the field of pilot licensing. Its scope is narrowed down to the highest category of licence applicable to professional pilots and known as the airline transport pilot licence. The thesis depicts and analyses the process of creation and the contents of licensing standards and recommended practices as developed by various ICAO bodies and incorporated in Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention.
The survey of pilot licensing system currently in force in Canada provides the example of domestic legislation applicable in this respect. It is performed with the aim of exploring the compatibility of Canadian law with the global legal requirements as prescribed in Annex 1 and other supporting ICAO documentation.

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23

SILVA, TERESINHA de M. da. "Contribuição ao transporte de materiais físseis na armazenagem em trânsito". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2005. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11349.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:50:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

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24

Zimanski, Michael Robert. "Private and Social Costs of Hazardous Material Transportation: A Model for Anhydrous Ammonia Distributions in North Dakota". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29867.

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The transportation of anhydrous ammonia, which is classified as a hazardous material, poses risk to the transporter, surrounding communities, and the environment. The commercial transportation of anhydrous ammonia is highly regulated, while the private transport is not subject to the same degree of mandates. Given the regulatory policies, the current locations of licensed dealers of anhydrous ammonia within North Dakota may be leading to a scenario where a private transporter has an incentive to disobey these policies and thereby expose him/herself, the surrounding communities, and the environment to unnecessary risk. Three stylized counties were constructed to represent the attributes of the eastern, central, and western counties of North Dakota. Attributes included transportation infrastructure, population distribution, and crop composition. Mathematical programming techniques were then utilized to determine the number and optimal location of licensed dealers of anhydrous ammonia within these counties. The results were then compared and contrasted with the current locations of licensed dealers throughout North Dakota to determine if the regulatory policies are sufficient in that they are not encouraging unsafe actions of the transporters and thereby endangering the transporters, surrounding communities, and the environment. The results indicated that the current regulatory structure associated with the transportation of anhydrous ammonia is sufficient to limit incidents.

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25

Mzyece, Dingayo. "An investigation into the implementation of the construction (design and management) regulations in the construction industry". Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/558782.

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The European Union (EU), in 1992, issued the Temporary or Mobile Construction Sites (TMCS) Directive, which requires EU members to introduce specific law to improve health and safety (H&S) performance outcomes by placing specific duties on key stakeholders. This Directive led to the introduction of the first Construction (Design and Management) (CDM) Regulations in the UK construction industry on 31 March 1995 and since their introduction, the overall performance of construction H&S has improved gradually. However, despite this positive outlook, there are still significant concerns surrounding the implementation of the CDM Regulations, a subject on which empirical research has been very scanty. It is against such a background that this study investigates the practical implementation of the CDM Regulations and extends current knowledge and understanding, and develops a framework for appropriate remedial action by industry. The research method involved a thorough critical review of literature, semi-structured interviews, and two postal questionnaire surveys, using as research informants, practitioners with experience of the Designer, CDM Coordinator (CDM-C), and Principal Contractor (PC) roles under the CDM Regulations. Primary data were collected and analysed from in-depth interviews with six organisations purposively selected based on their construction design expertise and 122 questionnaires returned in total. The finding regarding lack of collaborative working amongst duty holders is a significant outcome of this study; a requirement expressed explicitly within the CDM Regulations, yet questionable in terms of its implementation. Further, the study reveals a number of statistically significant correlations between the extent of discharge of duties and their perceived degree of importance. However, the strength of the majority of these correlations is weak. In particular, the evidence indicates that 50% of the duties of the CDM-C are misaligned in terms of extent of discharge and perceived degree of importance, whereas 25% of the PC duties are also misaligned. This signals a lack of understanding regarding the importance of duties, towards achieving improved H&S management. Surprisingly, a comparison between extent of discharge of duties and their perceived degree of difficulty reveals that all the duties of the PC are statistically significant, meaning that the perceived degree of difficulty does not impede their extent of discharge. While 90% of the CDM-C duties are also statistically significant, again the same interpretation applies. Further, a consensus reached by Designers supports the view that CDM-Cs provide insufficient input throughout the planning and construction phase, raising doubt as to whether the duty holder is fit for purpose. Overall, the results confirm that interdependent working of duty holders is still a challenge, demonstrated by the Designer duty to ensure appointment of the CDM-C (Regulation 18(1)), the CDM-C duty to ensure Designers comply with their duties (Regulation 20(2)(c)), and the PC duty to liaise with the CDM-C and Designer (Regulation 22(1)(b)). Three recurring themes emerge from the results, that is: (i) collaboration, (ii) accountability and compliance, and (iii) facilitation, which in turn inform the remedial action framework comprising 13 remedial actions and 8 change drivers. Validation of the remedial action framework by 15 study participants reveals that, at least 10 remedial actions and 7 change drivers are considered likely to improve CDM implementation. The top three remedial actions are: (i) ensuring adequate arrangements for coordination of H&S measures; (ii) including provisions within the regulations specifying the stages for the appointment of duty holders; and (iii) amending the ACoP to provide guidance on determining what resources are adequate for a particular project. Whereas, the top three change drivers are: (i) management leadership; (ii) the proactive participation of duty holders; and (iii) training to equip duty holders with sufficient knowledge on provision of timely and adequate preconstruction information. Based on these outcomes, conclusions, recommendations, and further areas of research are drawn.

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26

Hein, Gregory Allan. "Regulating a miracle substance : the politics of asbestos in Canada and the United States". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29930.

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While asbestos has been called a 'miracle substance' because of its unique properties, asbestos has also caused cancer in those exposed to its indestructible fibres. This mix of benefits and costs has made the regulation of asbestos particularly difficult for policymakers; in both countries, regulation has been characterized by exceptional measures. In Canada, regulating asbestos has led to innumerable government studies, including the Ontario Royal Commission on Matters of Health and Safety Arising from the Use of Asbestos (1984). The Commission's Report was unique in its extensive scope and detail. Its three volume report included a detailed treatment of asbestos-related diseases, quantitative risk estimates, and assessments of current regulations. The regulatory history of asbestos in the US was also somewhat exceptional. It involved a protracted battle between the Environmental Protection Agency and the Office of Management and Budget. Out of this battle came a House Subcommittee investigation into OMB interference in EPA rulemaking (1985). The comprehensiveness of the Royal Commission's Report is highly significant given that detailed scientific explanations of policy, and the criteria used to balance costs and benefits are usually not explicitly revealed by Canadian regulators. In this sense, the somewhat anomalous nature of the Commission's Report offers an especially detailed view of regulating hazardous substances in Canada. Like the Royal Commission Report, the House investigation provides an extraordinarily detailed look at the politics of regulating a hazardous substance. Out of these involved deliberations, though, emerge very different policies on asbestos. While the US has implemented a three-stage ban, Canadian regulators view asbestos primarily as an occupational problem. The workplace standards of the US, Ontario and Quebec differ, with the US being more stringent. The contributions of this paper stem from its balanced consideration of scientific and political determinants and its comparative nature. This balanced consideration illustrates the double impact of science. While science can set the boundaries of a policy debate, uncertain areas of scientific evidence are usually politicized by competing interests. Thus, the less science is certain, the more politics matters. Within the boundaries set by science, various political forces have an impact on the policy process. Policies are shown to emerge from very different interrelationships between state structures and societal actors, influenced by varying degrees of economic dependence on asbestos. Group theory alone fails to explain the divergent policy outcomes; so do neo-Marxist and institutionalist approaches. Thus, this study demonstrates the superiority of integrative approaches, as opposed to those which emphasize one causal variable at the expense of others.
Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate

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27

Vermeulen, Bernard. "The role of a design engineer in safety of building projects". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86355.

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Abstract (sommario):

Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
One of the causes for money to be wasted on construction sites is accidents. The reason is that an accident on site is an unplanned event typically relating to the loss of production or the loss of life. Many industry stakeholders and role players have focused on construction health and safety and to improve this area of concern; however, construction health and safety are not significantly improving. Construction still continues to contribute a large number of fatalities and injuries relative to other industry sectors. During the construction phase, poor construction health and safety performance is attributable to a lack of management commitment, inadequate supervision, and a lack of health and safety training and - systems. Health and safety systems do not only include excellent health and safety management on site, but rather an integrated approach on health and safety issues from the conceptual design phase by all stakeholders participating. This integrated approach includes the design done by the engineer. The inspiration behind this research is the question of whether South African Engineers design buildings safe for construction. The lack of knowledge by engineers with regard to construction processes, the lack of health and safety enforcement in the engineering offices and construction sites, and whether engineers adhere to safe design principles is the subject of investigation in this research. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the role of the design engineer in the safety of building projects. Specifically, it investigates to what extent the design engineer can contribute to site safety, and to what extent this is actually taking place. The Construction Regulations states the engineer can be appointed to act on behalf of a client and should share any information that might affect the health and safety of construction employees with the contractor. By means of a literature study, the investigation of case studies and the investigation of questionnaires to which a percentage of South African engineers responded, this research identified the information that should be shared by the design engineer with the contractor. The information can be shared by indicating hazardous activities or - locations on the actual drawings. Information can also be shared by specifying and reminding the contractor of certain health and safety hazards in the health and safety specifications of the building project. Although the Construction Regulations state that the safety hazards associated with most construction processes are the responsibility of the contractor, it will be beneficial for the safety of the employees if the engineer also consults the contractor on the hazards identified by him or her during the early design stages. Early collaboration between the engineer and contractor is also beneficial for the safety of construction employees. The result is an integrated approach towards safety hazard identification and mitigation. Having adequate knowledge with regard to construction processes allows the engineer to be aware of possible safety hazards. This will result in the correct information to be shared with the contractor and incorporated into the early design phases of the project to ensure a healthy and safe working environment. The study shows that a percentage of South African engineers have a lack of site experience, a lack of safety training, a lack of knowledge with regard to the content of the Construction Regulations, and a lack of knowledge with regard to construction processes. These shortcomings can be detrimental to site safety.

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28

Ndou, Portia. "The competitiveness of the South African citrus industry in the face of the changing global health and environmental standards". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/477.

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Abstract (sommario):

In recent years, concern about food safety linked to health issues has seen a rise in private food safety standards in addition to the regulations set by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) in collaboration with the World Health Organisation (WHO). These have presented challenges to producers and exporters of agricultural food products especially the producers of fresh fruits and vegetables. In spite of the food safety-linked challenges from the demand side, the vast range of business-environment forces pose equally formidable challenges that negatively impact on the exporting industries’ ability to maintain or improve their market shares and their ability to compete in world markets. The objective of this study was therefore to establish the competitiveness of the South African citrus industry in the international markets within this prevailing scenario. Due to the diversity of the definitions of competitiveness as a concept, this study formulated the following working definition: “the ability to create, deliver and maintain value and constant market share through strategic management of the industrial environment or competitiveness drivers”. This was based on the understanding that the international market shares of an industry are a function of forces in the business environment which range from intra-industry, external and national as well as the international elements. The unit of analysis were the citrus producers engaged in export of their products and the study made use of 151 responses by producers. The study adopted a five-step approach to the analysis of the performance of the South African citrus industry in the global markets, starting with the analysis of the Constant Market Share (CMS) of the South African citrus industry in various world markets, establishing the impact of the business environmental factors upon competitiveness, establishing the costs of compliance with private food safety standards, determining the non-price benefits of compliance with the standards, as well as highlighting the strategies for enhancing long-term competitiveness of the industry in the international markets. South Africa is one of the top three countries dominating the citrus fruit export market. Since its entry into the citrus fruit exports market in the 1900s, the industry has sustained its activity in the international market. The Constant Market Share Analysis shows that, amidst the challenges on the international market side, and the changes in the business environment, over much of which the industry has limited control and influence, the industry has maintained its competitive advantage in several markets. The CMS shows that South Africa’s lemons are competitive in America. Despite a negative trend, the South African grapefruit has been competitive in France, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain. Oranges have been competitive in the Greece, Italy, Portugal, UK, Asian and Northern Europe markets. Competitiveness in these markets has been due to the inherent competitiveness of the industry. Competitiveness in such markets as the Middle East has been attributed to the relatively rapid growth of these markets. The South African citrus industry has similarly undergone many major processes of transformation. The business environmental factors influencing its performance have ranged reform to the challenges beyond the country’s borders. These factors directly and indirectly affect the performance of the industry in the export market. They have influenced the flow of fruits into different international destinations. Of major concern are the food safety and private standards. Challenges in traditional markets as well as opportunities presented by demand from newly emerging citrus consuming nations have seen a diversification in the marketing of the South African citrus. The intensity of competition in the global market is reflected by the fluctuations in the market shares in different markets as well as the increase and fluctuations of fruit rejection rates in some lucrative markets such as America. A combination of challenging national environmental forces and stringent demand conditions negatively impact on revenues especially from markets characterised by price competitiveness. This study identified cost of production, foreign market support systems, adaptability, worker skills, challenges of management in an international environment and government policies such as labour and trade policies as some of the most influential obstacles to competitiveness. Some of the most competiveness-enhancing factors were market availability, market size, market information, market growth and the availability of research institutions. However, compliance with private standards still poses a challenge to the exporters. The different performance levels of the industry in various markets prove the dissimilarity of the demand conditions in the global market. These are supported by the negative influence associated with the foreign market support regimes as well as the challenges associated with compliance with private food safety standards. While market availability, market growth, market information and size were identified as enhancing competitiveness, the fluctuations and inconsistencies in the competitiveness of the industry in different foreign markets require more than finding markets. Resource allocation by both the government and the industry may need to take into account the off-setting of the national challenges and support of farmers faced with distorted and unfair international playing fields. Otherwise, market availability is not a challenge for the industry save meeting the specifications therewith as well as price competitiveness which is unattainable for the South African citrus producers faced with high production costs. For the purposes of further study, it is recommended that account should be taken of all the products marketed by the industry (including processed products such as fruit juices) in order to have a whole picture of the competitiveness of the industry in the international market. This study also proffers a new theoretical framework for the analysis of the business environment for the citrus industry and other agro-businesses. This framework takes into account the indispensability of the food safety standards and measures as well as the diversity of the global consumer and the non-negotiability of food trade for the sustenance of the growing population.

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29

Queiroz, Frederico Reinaldo Corrêa de [UNESP]. "Bainha de segurança para acondicionamento de facão canavieiro durante sua vida útil". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89746.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O setor da cana-de-açúcar sempre foi muito bem visto no Brasil; nos séculos XVI e XVII com a grande aceitação do açúcar no mercado europeu e alto valor financeiro agregado ao produto, houve uma grande expansão do setor no nordeste brasileiro devido à adaptação da plantação ao clima e à grande presença do trabalho escravo africano no cultivo. Na década de 70 do século XX houve um salto do setor sucroenergético com a produção do etanol como fonte alternativa de energia e à fabricação do carro a álcool em um período de altas do petróleo no mercado mundial. Junto com a rápida evolução do setor sucroenergético, vieram também os problemas ecológicos e sociais. Grandes corporações subsidiadas pelo Governo Federal no Projeto Próacool, recebiam as verbas e benefícios para uma produção mais eficiente e limpa. Com todos esses problemas, no final da década de 80 do século XX, o setor entrou em desaceleração. No início do século XXI o setor vive uma oportunidade histórica, pois com o fim anunciado das reservas de petróleo e as catástrofes devido às mudanças climáticas causadas pelo homem, hoje o etanol brasileiro é visto pelo mundo como uma fonte alternativa e sustentável; sem contar com o alto valor do açúcar pelo mercado europeu como nos séculos XVI e XVII. Mas o setor não é só alegria, pois luta contra os problemas de vivência dos tratos dos trabalhadores do setor, que se assemelha muito ao trabalho escravo sofrido pelos africanos no período áureo do açúcar. Apesar de o governo fiscalizar e criar novas leis, como a NR 31 (Norma Regulamentadora - Segurança e Saúde no trabalho na agricultura, pecuária silvicultura, exploração florestal e aquicultura); os trabalhadores do setor sucroenergético tem tido pouca atenção dos profissionais que desenvolvem produtos para este setor. Tudo que se é exigido...
The sector of cane sugas has always been well regarded in Brazil, in the sixteenth and seventheenth centuries with great acceptance in the European market for sugar and high value added to the product, there was a great expansion of the sector in northeastern Brazil due to adaptation plantation climate and large presence of African slave labor in cultivation. In the 70s of the twentieth century there was a jump of the sugarcane industry with the production of ethanol as an alternative energy source and manufacture the car with alcohol in period of high oil on the world market. Along with the rapid development of the sugarcane industry, came also the ecological and social problems. Large corporations subsidized by the Federal Government in Proálcool Project, received the money and benefits for a cleaner and more efficient production. With all these problems in the late 80s of the twentieth century, the industry went into deceleration. At the beginning of the XXI century industry is experiencing a historic opportunity, because with the announced end of oil reserves and disasters due to climate change caused by humans, today Brazilian ethanol is seen by the world as an alternative and sustainable source, not counting the high amount of sugar in the European market as the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. But the industry is not only joy, for combating the problems of living the treatment of workers in the sector, which closely resembles slave labor suffered by Africans in the heyday of sugar. Althrough the government oversee and create new laws, as the NR 31 (Norm - Safety and Health at Work in agriculture, forestry livestock, forestry and aquaculture); workers in the sugarcane industry has had little attention from professionals who develope products for this sector. All that is required is adapted from another industry... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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30

Queiroz, Frederico Reinaldo Corrêa de. "Bainha de segurança para acondicionamento de facão canavieiro durante sua vida útil /". Bauru : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89746.

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Abstract (sommario):

Orientador: João Eduardo Guarnetti dos Santos
Banca: Jair Rosas da Silva
Banca: Luis Gonzaga Campos Porto
Resumo: O setor da cana-de-açúcar sempre foi muito bem visto no Brasil; nos séculos XVI e XVII com a grande aceitação do açúcar no mercado europeu e alto valor financeiro agregado ao produto, houve uma grande expansão do setor no nordeste brasileiro devido à adaptação da plantação ao clima e à grande presença do trabalho escravo africano no cultivo. Na década de 70 do século XX houve um salto do setor sucroenergético com a produção do etanol como fonte alternativa de energia e à fabricação do carro a álcool em um período de altas do petróleo no mercado mundial. Junto com a rápida evolução do setor sucroenergético, vieram também os problemas ecológicos e sociais. Grandes corporações subsidiadas pelo Governo Federal no Projeto Próacool, recebiam as verbas e benefícios para uma produção mais eficiente e limpa. Com todos esses problemas, no final da década de 80 do século XX, o setor entrou em desaceleração. No início do século XXI o setor vive uma oportunidade histórica, pois com o fim anunciado das reservas de petróleo e as catástrofes devido às mudanças climáticas causadas pelo homem, hoje o etanol brasileiro é visto pelo mundo como uma fonte alternativa e sustentável; sem contar com o alto valor do açúcar pelo mercado europeu como nos séculos XVI e XVII. Mas o setor não é só alegria, pois luta contra os problemas de vivência dos tratos dos trabalhadores do setor, que se assemelha muito ao trabalho escravo sofrido pelos africanos no período áureo do açúcar. Apesar de o governo fiscalizar e criar novas leis, como a NR 31 (Norma Regulamentadora - Segurança e Saúde no trabalho na agricultura, pecuária silvicultura, exploração florestal e aquicultura); os trabalhadores do setor sucroenergético tem tido pouca atenção dos profissionais que desenvolvem produtos para este setor. Tudo que se é exigido... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The sector of cane sugas has always been well regarded in Brazil, in the sixteenth and seventheenth centuries with great acceptance in the European market for sugar and high value added to the product, there was a great expansion of the sector in northeastern Brazil due to adaptation plantation climate and large presence of African slave labor in cultivation. In the 70s of the twentieth century there was a jump of the sugarcane industry with the production of ethanol as an alternative energy source and manufacture the car with alcohol in period of high oil on the world market. Along with the rapid development of the sugarcane industry, came also the ecological and social problems. Large corporations subsidized by the Federal Government in Proálcool Project, received the money and benefits for a cleaner and more efficient production. With all these problems in the late 80s of the twentieth century, the industry went into deceleration. At the beginning of the XXI century industry is experiencing a historic opportunity, because with the announced end of oil reserves and disasters due to climate change caused by humans, today Brazilian ethanol is seen by the world as an alternative and sustainable source, not counting the high amount of sugar in the European market as the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. But the industry is not only joy, for combating the problems of living the treatment of workers in the sector, which closely resembles slave labor suffered by Africans in the heyday of sugar. Althrough the government oversee and create new laws, as the NR 31 (Norm - Safety and Health at Work in agriculture, forestry livestock, forestry and aquaculture); workers in the sugarcane industry has had little attention from professionals who develope products for this sector. All that is required is adapted from another industry... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

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31

Dursa, Anthony. "A study of school board policy and rules and regulations dealing with police involvement in public high schools in the Commonwealth of Virginia". Diss., This resource online, 1997. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10052007-143653/.

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32

Babool, Md Ashfaqul Islam. "THE IMPACT OF DOMESTIC POLICIES ON INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS". UKnowledge, 2007. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/482.

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Abstract (sommario):

The impact of domestic policy regulations and standards on trade has been at the forefront of global policy during the past decade. Every country develops their own policies and standards that differ from country to country. These differences create problems for manufacturing industries, especially in major exporting countries. This study overviews the policy context driving standards in the manufacturing industries. The study consists of three different articles that attempt to examine the role of technical regulations and standards and their relationship with trade using different econometric models In the first article, the standard factor endowment approach is employed to explain the effects of environmental regulatory policy on net exports in different manufacturing industries. The study hypothesizes that a countrys comparative advantage depends on its factor abundance. The regulatory policy increases production costs and, thus, reduces the output level of an industry. The results indicate that each industry is unique in the factors determining net exports and in many instances environmental regulations are important. In the second article, we investigate the impact of competition policy on a countrys production and export competitiveness. Since the impact of competition regulation depends upon the particular circumstances of the industry to which the policy is applied, we examine how competition policy impacts production and exports of a specific sector, in particular the agri-food processing sector. The results suggest that competition policy enhances competition by reducing entry barriers, and causes firms to produce more output with lower prices. Exports for both total and food manufacturing in the post-competition policy period are higher than exports in the pre-competition period. In the third article, we estimate regressions based on an extended gravity model to determine the possible influence of food safety standards on export flows of six Asia-Pacific countries to ten importing countries. We examine the relationship between bilateral exports and importers imposition of food safety standards. The results show that the value of exports in food and food products is negatively affected by food safety standards: the greater the aflatoxin standards, the lower its restrictiveness, and higher the bilateral export flows.

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33

Matete, Kenevoe Rose. "The implications of the 2014 construction regulations for the Department of Public Works procurement system". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/10309.

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Abstract (sommario):

The Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) notes that regulations seek to make improvements by changing individual or organisational behaviour in ways that generate positive impacts in terms of solving societal and economic problems. At its most basic level, regulations are designed to work according to implementation, leading to changes in behaviours that, in turn, lead to changes in outcomes. Such outcomes can be satisfaction in terms of an underlying problem or other (hopefully positive) changes in conditions in the world. Following this premise, this research project investigates the implications of the 2014 Construction Regulations for the Department of Public Works’ procurement system. The study also examines the contents of the construction Regulations; the impact of the Construction Regulations 2014 – permit-to-work; client / contractor procurement issues; the enforcement of compliance to permit-to-work requirements, and education and training demands in relation to health and safety (H&S) competency. The study shows that even though industry role players are relatively familiar with the Construction Regulations 2014, there is a common concern regarding competency (education and training) levels required for the implementation of the permit-to-work requirement of the regulations. The concerns focus on the ability of the Department of Labour (DoL) to process the permits. Based on the study’s findings, the research concludes that there would be cost implications for project actors when implementing the permit-to-work requirement and this cost factor could delay project initiation and planning, as well as service delivery.

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Alolah, Turki Saad. "Developing a Balanced Scoreboard (BSC) for Evaluating the Safety Performance of Saudi Public Schools". Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365338.

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Since a number of school fire accidents occurred in 2002, the Saudi Arabian government has realised that providing school safety regulations is necessary in order to avoid accidents in the nation’s schools. The Saudi Ministry of Education has been actively seeking to develop applicable regulations to measure the safety performance of each school. Nowadays, school safety has become an important topic for all Saudi parents, especially parents of children who are just starting school for the first time; it also has become an important priority for the Saudi Minister of Education. For this reason, the Minister, in 2012, issued an important decision to develop an administrative unit, under the name of Schools Security and Safety Administration, to achieve the following goals: provide a safe and healthy environment in schools; prevent accidents or injuries during school hours; control school accidents and emergencies; provide necessary information and instructions to know the risks that students and staff may face at school and guide them on methods of prevention; contribute to educating students on the safety aspects in their schools; and finally, document accidents and injuries for the purpose of evaluating school safety processes. Kaplan and Norton (1992) developed an innovative performance management system that includes three core subsystems, namely, a measurement system, a strategic management system and a communication system. This performance management system, called a balanced scorecard (BSC), showed great potential to be adapted to enable the Saudi Ministry of Education to meet its need for effective safety performance at each school. Therefore, the study’s key aim was to develop a BSC, which includes diverse perspectives for evaluating the various leading and lagging indicators of safety performance in Saudi schools.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Engineering
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text

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35

BARBOSA, JOSE A. M. "Contribuicao a legislacao brasileira no setor de energia nuclear". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9463.

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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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36

Sheriff, M. "Barriers to compliance with international HACCP regulations : a whole chain approach to the national fisheries food safety management system of Sierra Leone". Thesis, University of Salford, 2013. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/29491/.

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Abstract (sommario):

Sierra Leone has considerable fishery resources and needs the foreign exchange that trading these products internationally would achieve. Yet the nation is unable to export its fishery products through an inability to achieve HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) standards and certification. A lack of HACCP has meant that overseas markets have been closed to Sierra Leone for over a decade. Previous attempts at resolving these problems of HACCP certification have been made, but none has produced any significant advancement towards achieving compliance with HACCP. This study attempts to uncover the barriers to compliance with HACCP by the Sierra Leone food safety management system, as perceived by the regulators, enforcement officials and businesses. This thesis also focuses on benefits determined and prioritized by regulators, enforcement officials, businesses, and consumers that will motivate successful implementation of HACCP. It is a qualitative case study utilizing triangulation involving a three-stage research design methodology comprising a set of convergent interviews of 22 people, followed by 77 individual case interviews and 3 focus group interviews. Ranked lists of 18 scored barriers and 22 benefits of HACCP for Sierra Leone national food safety management system were produced. The results of this study may provide suggestions for stakeholders to strengthen fishery safety infrastructure in order to protect public health, prevent fraud and deception, avoid food adulteration and facilitate trade. The results have shown that there are many and specific barriers in the SMEs in Sierra Leone that need to be removed, and their appropriate identification lies in the perceptions of national regulators, enforcement, and businesses who are familiar with their culture; attitudes; strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT). These barriers delineate the overarching principles of fishery safety infrastructure, and provide policy makers; enforcement officials; fishery businesses; academic and other relevant research institutions with valuable data on the benefits of successful implementation of HACCP-based systems.

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Hedberg, Rebecca. "Brandskyddssituationen i bostäder som marknadsförs åt äldre". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-76584.

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I Sverige styrs det förebyggande brandskyddsarbetet sedan 2010 av en nollvision som lyder: ”Ingen ska omkomma eller skadas allvarligt till följd av brand”. Utvecklingen av antalet dödsbränder har stadigt minskat under lång tid och ligger nu på runt 100 dödsfall i brand varje år. För åldersgruppen 65+ har utvecklingen dock stagnerat och på senare tid sker inte längre någon minskning av antalet dödsfall i brand i denna grupp. Dessa står för drygt hälften av alla omkomna i brand årligen och med tanke på den kommande ökade andelen äldre i samhället finns det nu oro för hur detta kommer att påverka utvecklingen av äldre som omkommer i brand. Det brinner inte oftast hos äldre, men när det brinner omkommer de. Äldre bor främst i egna bostäder och på senare tid har bostäder som marknadsförs åt äldre (t.ex. senior-/trygghetsbostäder, 65+, 70+, etc.) upptagit en växande andel av dessa. Detta i takt med ett ökat bostadsbehov bland äldre och en kvarboendeprincip där individer så långt som möjligt ska beredas möjlighet att bo kvar i sina egna bostäder när de blir äldre. Problemet är att dessa bostäder trots att de marknadsförs som tryggare bara uppfyller det i social bemärkelse. Brandskyddsmässigt har de inte högre brandskydd än vanliga bostäder eftersom de tilldelats samma verksamhetsklass (Vk 3A). I denna studie har det nuvarande byggnadstekniska brandskyddet studerats i ett urval av projekt som marknadsförts åt äldre. Studien visar att projekten i urvalet alla möter Vk 3A och endast några få har högre ambitioner brandskyddsmässigt. I två av dessa fall handlar ambitionerna om förstärkt varseblivningssystem och i ytterligare två om installation av spisvakt i samtliga bostäder. Dessutom framkom det att fler än hälften av projekten dimensionerats med utgångspunkt i att räddningstjänsten ska bistå utrymning. Något som är bekymmersamt med tanke på att mer än hälften av landets räddningstjänster i en nylig studie uppgav att de har problem med att upprätthålla en kontinuerlig beredskap. Dessutom har studien sökt sakkunniga för att i en enkät redogöra för äldres förmåga att utrymma själva i bostadstypen och det individanpassade brandskyddsarbetet i kommunen. En enkät skickades även till räddningstjänster för att ta reda på deras perspektiv och deras erfarenheter av problemet. Sammantaget identifierar både tidigare studier, och respondenter till denna studie, verksamhetsklassificeringen som ett stort problem i bostadstypen. De vidhåller att individanpassat brandskyddsarbete aldrig kan ersätta individens förmåga att utrymma. Därtill arbetar bara hälften av landets kommuner med individanpassat brandskydd i någon form. Konsekvensen av detta är att brandskyddet äldre får är beroende på var i landet de bor och följaktligen blir inte brandskyddet jämlikt. Detta är inte ett problem utan lösning, snarare tvärt om. Det är ett problem som kräver en mängd lösningar på nationell och lokal nivå. En del av problemen kan lösas med relativt enkla medel genom ökat stöd från myndigheter till kommuner som kämpar med att få igång individanpassat brandskyddsarbete. Andra problem – som verksamhetsklassificeringen – kräver en översyn av utformningen av den existerande brandskyddslagstiftningen. Det är förståeligt att myndigheter, med tanke på den kommande demografiska utvecklingen, vill driva på byggnation av bostäder. Men det borde inte behöva vara på bekostnad av de boendes säkerhet och trygghet.
Since 2010 preventive fire-safety measures in Sweden are all based on a common zero vision that reads: “No one should die or be seriously injured because of fire”. For the past half-century there has been a steady decline in fire-related deaths and in recent years that number has been around 100 each year. However, for one group of individuals that decline has ceased. For individuals older than 65 the death toll has been a steady average of 50 fire-related deaths per year for some time. These represent half of all fire-related deaths each year and the predicted population-increase in this age-group has started to cause some concern about how this will affect the death-toll. Individuals older than 65 primarily live in their own homes. In recent years homes specifically marketed to the elderly (in terms of safety and comfort) have taken up a larger portion of those. This increase in homes marketed to the elderly has followed a greater need for homes for the elderly as well as a Swedish principle of “home-living”. The idea is that individuals should be afforded every possibility to remain in their own homes as they age. The problem with these marketed homes is that the safety and comfort they promise is so in no other way than socially. Current fire-safety regulation sets no higher standard for these homes than for regular homes. This study has examined what level of fire-safety a chosen group of build-projects for marketed homes has. The study shows that all the studied projects meet current regulations, only a few indicate higher safety-ambitions. In two of these those, the higher ambitions were enhanced warning-systems and in another two stove guards were installed in all apartments. What was more the study found that more than half of the projects were designed to require assistance from fire-rescue services in order to evacuate the building. This is particularly alarming since more than half of the fire-rescue services in Sweden reported not being able to maintain continuous service in a recent study. Additionally, this study has surveyed municipal-experts for information on what ability elderly in these marketed homes have to evacuate on their own and on how they work with individually adapted fire-safety in the municipality. Fire-safety services were also surveyed for their knowledge and experience with the issue. In conclusion, both previous studies and the respondents to this study identify the fire-safety regulations applied to these marketed homes as an issue of significance. They all conclude that individually adapted fire-safety cannot possibly replace the individual’s capability to evacuate. Furthermore, only half of Swedish municipalities have adapted the process of individually adapted fire-safety in some way or shape. The main consequence of this is that the level of fire-safety elderly are prepared varies across the country and consequently fails to be equal. The issue at hand requires a multitude of solutions on a local and national scale. Some issues are relatively easily solved by government agencies providing more support to struggling, smaller municipalities. Other issues – like the lacking regulations for the marketed homes – require a review of current fire-safety regulations. It is understandable for agencies to want to meet a housing deficit, especially considering the looming demographic changes. But it should not come at the cost of elderly individuals’ safety and comfort.

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Iosi, Alessandra. "GMO Food Safety and Regulations in the EU and the US: Analysis of the legal and scientific factors and their impact on releases". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15834/.

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Gli alimenti provenienti da Organismi Geneticamente modificati prodotti e consumati da diverse decadi negli Stati Uniti che detengono il primato per la produzione di tali beni. La tendenza statunitense si è poi propagata in altre nazioni dove produzione e consumo di OGM sono aumentati, tuttavia, l’Unione Europea che all’epoca della ricerca e dello sviluppo delle piante provenienti da tecnologie DNA-ricombinanti è stata una forte sostenitrice di questa tecnica, adesso è l’area geografica che impone più resistenza alla loro introduzione nei propri territori. Attraverso direttive e regolamenti e con lo scopo di garantire la sicurezza dell’ambiente, delle persone e degli animali nei propri territori, l’UE applica dei criteri di sicurezza molto restrittivi, appellandosi al Principio di Precauzione. Sebbene giustificato, questo comportamento ha però un impatto negativo nell’economia di esportazione degli USA, paese in cui invece le regolamentazioni in merito sono meno stringenti. Questo elaborato ha lo scopo di fotografare la situazione normativa attuale in EU ed USA, valutando e contestualizzando leggi e regolamenti in funzione nei rispettivi paesi, focalizzandosi sui punti critici dell’analisi del rischio quali gli allergeni e dei metodi utilizzati per la loro valutazione, di valutare le possibili conseguenze di questi comportamenti, eventualmente proponendo delle misure alternative a quelle ad oggi in atto.

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Alhajeri, M. "Health and safety in the construction industry : challenges and solutions in the UAE". Thesis, Coventry University, 2011. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/8ef107a7-8740-4cb5-ad55-07449f57cad4/1.

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Health and safety issues have always been a major problem and concern in the construction industry. Wherever reliable records are available, construction is found to be one of the most dangerous on health and safety criteria, particularly in developing countries. Efforts have been made to address this problem, but the results have been far from satisfactory, as construction accidents continue to dominate the overall construction industry. Despite the programs implemented by government authorities and measures introduced by companies themselves, the number of construction accidents still remains alarmingly high. In developing countries, safety rules usually do not exist; if they do, the regulatory authority is usually very weak in implementing such rules effectively. The UAE is one of developing countries that are currently enjoying a strong growth in construction activities. Unfortunately, some sectors of its construction industry suffer from poor safety and health conditions. Any framework of the existing occupational and health conditions is fragmented and inadequately enforced, making construction sites more hazardous. It may even be argued that relevant regulations are outdated and irrelevant in day-to-day construction operations. From this perspective this research explores the approved methods adopted in the UK in order to improve the existing code of practice in the UAE and thus introduce the foundations on which appropriate health and safety systems may be built. A framework for Health and Safety management in the UK is suggested. To reach this objective an overview of the published materials as well as the legislation has been undertaken. Questionnaires were designed and distributed to potential construction industry players and interview sessions have been conducted to meet the first objective of the project which to determine the health and safety measures currently applied on construction sites. In addition, structured interviews were carried out with selected managers from a selection of construction and oil companies, medium and large size. This thesis specifically, it investigates the safety perceptions, attitudes, and behaviour of construction workers and management safety practices. Based upon the analysis of the results, this study has demonstrated that the majority of those questioned UAE construction companies have a poor degree of risk awareness and do not seems to take health and safety as an important issue.

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Thuresson, Henrik, e Fredrik Persson. "Fuktproblematiken : En studie om fuktsäkerhet på byggarbetsplatsen". Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Technology and Science, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1160.

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Abstract (sommario):

Kostnaderna för fuktskador i Sverige uppskattas årligen uppgå till mångmiljard belopp.

Fuktskador i byggnader medför också en ökad risk för ohälsa hos brukarna. Kunskapen för

att producera fuktsäkra byggnader finns men utnyttjas inte i den omfattning den borde.

Den 1 juli 2007 träder en ny upplaga av Boverkets byggregler i kraft. Förtydliganden har

gjorts i avsnittet gällande fukt, vilka underlättar verifieringen av entreprenadens

fuktsäkerhet. Reglerna innefattar också krav på kritiska fukttillstånd i material. Denna studie

syftar till att kartlägga brister i produktionsskedet och hur produktionen kan utvecklas för att

motsvara de i Boverkets byggregler ställda krav på fuktsäkerhet.

Intervjuer har förts med olika representanter i byggbranschen för att ge en helhetssyn av

fuktproblematiken. Göran Hedenblad vid Boverket menar att tillsynen och kontrollen av

fukt kan och måste bli bättre på byggarbetsplatsen. Fuktkonsulten Tord Nilsson hävdar att

de nya kraven innebär ett paradigmskifte som medför stora förändringar på dagens sätt att

producera byggnader. De intervjuer som gjordes med beställare och entreprenör visar dock

på både bristande fuktkunskap och bristande strategi för att nå ett fuktsäkert byggande.

Vid fältstudien påvisades brister i produktionen med avseende på skydd av material och

konstruktion, uttorkning och utförandet av fuktkvotsmätningar. Många av dessa brister

härrör från att fuktproblematiken inte har en central roll vare sig i program-, projekteringseller

produktionsskedet. Vidare konstateras att kunskapsnivån för att hantera fukt kan

utvecklas hos all personal och i alla delar av byggprocessen.

Av de observationer som gjorts under fältstudien har åtgärdsförslag till en ökad fuktsäkerhet

sammanställts i rapporten. Vidare har ett informationsblad utarbetats för att informera om

fukt och dess skadeverkningar samt att ge några förslag till åtgärder som kan förbättra

fukthanteringen ute på byggarbetsplatsen. Informationsbladet bör placeras på

byggarbetsplatsen för att stödja entreprenören i sitt fuktsäkringsarbete.

Eftersom ramverket för projektet är fastslaget då produktionsfasen tar vid innebär detta

begränsningar för fuktsäkerhetsarbetet. För att skapa bättre förutsättningar för en fuktsäkrare

produktion anser vi att en fuktsakkunnig skall anlitas så tidigt som möjligt i projektet.

The costs regarding moisture damages in buildings in Sweden are expected to reach several

billions SEK each year. These moisture damages also result in an increased risk regarding

health issues among the users. The knowledge of how to produce moisture secure buildings

exists, but it is not beeing used to the extent it could be.

The first of July 2007 a new edition of Boverket´s regulations regarding buildings takes

effect. Boverket is the Swedish board of housing, building and planning. Clarifications have

been made concerning moisture issues which facilitate the verifications of moisture security

in the chain of building production. The regulations also contain demands according to

critical levels of moisture in building materials. This study is meant to survey errors in the

production phase and how the production can develop to correspond to the regulations stated

by Boverket regarding moisture safety.

We interviewed different representatives in the building sector to give a general impression

of the moisture issues. Göran Hedenblad at Boverket states that the supervision and control

regarding moisture on the construction site can and must be improved. The moisture

consultant Tord Nilsson believes that the new demands will result in huge changes

concerning the way buildings are produced. The interviews carried out with the future

proprietor and the contractor displayed a lack of knowledge and strategy concerning how to

produce moisture secure structures.

The field study pointed out incongruities concerning how building materials and the

constructions were protected from moisture influence, evaporation and the control of the

moisture levels in the structure. Many of these flaws originate from the fact that moisture

issues are not a central matter, neither in the phase of planning nor production. Further it can

be established that the level of knowledge regarding how to deal with moisture problems can

be developed among all personnel and sectors in the building process.

The observations implemented during the field study have resulted in several preventive

measures which are compiled in this thesis. Further has an information sheet been put

together with the purpose to inform about these preventive measures and the damages

moisture inflicts upon structures and human beings. The information sheet should be placed on the construction site to support the contractors in their work for a more moisture safe

production.

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Mohammadi, Adam, e Hampus Asp. "Boendesprinkler : Hur ska boendesprinkler projekteras och installeras för att undvika vattenskador och tillväxt av legionella?" Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-127008.

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Abstract (sommario):

Rapporten är sammanställd av två kandidatstudenter vid Kungliga tekniska högskolan på högskoleingenjörsprogrammet Byggteknik och design, i samarbete med Säker Vatten AB. Efter tre års studier är detta en examinerande rapport för utbildningen. Rapporten är ämnad för alla typer av läsare, men utan byggingenjörsexamen likt vår, eller med motsvarande kunskapsnivå så kan läsare uppfatta rapporten som svårläst. Metoden för rapporten har varit så att författarna kontinuerligt intervjuat aktörer med olika intressen för hur branschen utvecklar sig. Aktörerna i fråga har alla mångårig erfarenhet eller en relevant utbildning bakom sig. Litteraturstudier har gjorts av föreskrifter, standarder, normer och rapporter som behandlar boendesprinkler, rörförläggningar, legionella och vattenskador. Tolkningar och utförande av detta baseras på kunskap som införskaffats som ingenjörsstudenter under utbildningens gång, allt för att så nyanserat som möjligt närma sig svaret på rapportens problemformulering: ”Hur ska boendesprinkler projekteras och installeras för att undvika vattenskador och tillväxt av legionella?” Som huvudsyfte har arbetet inneburit att fokusera på problemformuleringen. Problemformuleringen har i sin tur fördelats i tre frågor där varje fråga berört olika verksamheter och organisationer i branschen. Frågan specificerar vattenskadorna som kan uppkomma i samband med boendesprinkler. För att besvara den frågan har relevanta avsnitt i BBR, standarden SS 883001 samt branschregler Säker Vatteninstallation studerats. Frågan hanterar tillväxten av legionella i boendesprinkleranläggningar. Här har myndigheter och branschorganisationer såsom Smittskyddsinstitutet, Svenskt vatten och Stockholm Vatten varit till stor hjälp. Frågan har behandlat vilka krav som ställs på de som projekterar och installerar boendesprinkler idag. Utgångspunkten för fråga tre har varit normer från Svenska Brandskyddsföreningen som behandlar boendesprinkler, samt VVS-Företagens och Sprinklergruppens utbildning för sprinklermontörer. Förhoppningen är att den här rapporten ska fungera som underlag för skrivande av branschregler för projektering och installation av boendesprinkler. Branschregler som säkerställer att vattenskador och tillväxt av legionella undviks. Med korrekta branschregler så bör förståelsen för boendesprinkler och dess effekt öka. Antalet boendesprinkleranläggningar bör då också öka, vilket skulle resultera i ett mer brandsäkert Sverige.
The report was compiled by two graduate students at the Royal Institute of Technology, Bachelor of Science program Constructional Engineering and Design, in collaboration with Säker Vatten AB. After three years of study, this is a graded report for our education. This report is intended for all types of readers, but without education like ours, or equivalent level of knowledge, the report may be difficult to understand. The methodology for this report is that the authors continually interviewing actors with different interests in how the industry develops. The players in question all have many years of experience or relevant training behind. Studies of literature have been made of regulations, codes, standards, and reports dealing with residential sprinklers pipe laying, legionella and water damage. Interpretations and execution of this is based on the knowledge acquired as engineering students during their education, all to approach an answer so nuanced as possible to the problem report:" How should residential sprinklers be designed and installed in order to avoid water damage and legionella growth?” As the main work has meant to focus on the problem statement, which in turn is divided into three questions, each question touched on various businesses and organizations in the industry. This question specifies the water damage which may arise in connection with residential sprinklers. To answer that question, the relevant section of BBR, the standard SS 883001, as well as industry regulations plumbing safety studied. This question handles the growth of legionella in residential sprinklers. Here are authorities and industry organizations such as the Infectious Diseases Institute, Swedish Water and Stockholm Water were a great help. This question has dealt with the demands placed on the projecting and installing of residential sprinklers today. The starting point for question number three were standards from Swedish Fire Protection Association which deals with residential sprinklers, and training for installers of sprinkler. This report will hopefully serve as a basis for the writing of industry regulations for design and installation of residential sprinklers. Industry regulations which will ensure that water damage and the growth of Legionella will be avoided. With proper industry regulations will the understanding of residential sprinklers and its effect increase. The number of residential sprinkler installations should then also increase, which would result in a more fireproof Sweden.

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Josephs, Jennifer. "Perceptions of Validity: How Knowledge is Created, Transformed and Used in Bio-Agricultural Technology Safety Testing for the Development of Government Policies and Regulations". NSUWorks, 2017. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/59.

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Abstract (sommario):

This is a case study dissertation to research the socio-political conflict surrounding Gilles Eric Séralini’s et al (2012) research on the toxicity of Monsanto’s NK603 line of corn and the herbicide Roundup. The study analyzes this conflict as a system of interconnected and often conflicting interests, assumptions and ideologies about how knowledge is created and transformed from the research stage to the policy implementation stage. The goal of this study is to: 1.) analyze critical surface level and underlying factors that contribute to the conflict; 2.) analyze systemic processes between national and international researchers, private interests and government policymakers in developing and implementing research protocols, policies and regulations pertaining (but not limited) to Monsanto’s NK603 corn and Roundup; 3.) identify potential patterns of knowledge transformation from the research stage to policy implementation. The theoretical approach used in this study considers social construction, critical theory and Kuhn’s theory of scientific revolution. In utilizing case study methodology, this study incorporates internal analysis of Séralini’s case with a basic comparative analysis of DDT and lead policy processes and knowledge transformation, using mainly secondary data sources supplemented with primary interview material from two select researchers using purposive sampling. By conducting this research, it is hoped that this study reveals a better understanding of the complex interconnected systems that help create and transform food safety policies and the science that supports and/or transforms them.

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Ndembe, Elvis Mokake. "Offsetting Behavior and the Benefits of Food Safety Policies in Vegetable Preparation and Consumption". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29801.

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Abstract (sommario):

Foodbome disease outbreaks have a tremendous impact on society, including foodbome illnesses, hospitalizations, lost work time, and deaths. These food-safety events have a significant influence in shaping consumers' perception of risk. Outbreaks of foodbome illnesses also have an effect on the development of public health policy. Due to these safety-related uncertainties in the food supply chain, various regulatory, safety, and health policies are implemented to decrease harm to potential victims. The total effect of such food-safety policies looked at in terms of reduction of foodbome illness, mortality, and food-related diseases may possibly be smaller than the forecasted effect because of failure to consider offsetting behavior. Attenuation and possibly reversal of the direct policy effect on expected injuries may arise because of offsetting behavior. This study combines both theoretical and empirical models to test the presence of dominant or partial offsetting behavior (OB) in the preparation and consumption of vegetables if a food-safety policy such as the Pathogen Reduction/Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (PR/HACCP) is mandated in the vegetable sector. Our findings indicate that food-safety information that has an effect on outrage and locus of control, both factors which have an effect on consumers' perception of risk, will lead consumers to become lax in response to this food-safety policy.

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Івченко, Олександр Володимирович, Александр Владимирович Ивченко, Oleksandr Volodymyrovych Ivchenko, Максим Юрійович Пекний, Максим Юрьевич Пекный, Maksym Yuriiovych Peknyi e А. С. Мелентьева. "Опережающая стандартизация в области технического регулирования". Thesis, Сумский государственный университет, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/40078.

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Abstract (sommario):

Зарубежный опыт в области технического регулирования показывает, что наиболее представительным является европейский опыт, базирующийся на принципах «нового» и «глобального» подходов. Главная цель которых, обеспечить уверенность первой (потребителя) и второй (производителя) стороны в защите их интересов, конкурентоспособности, инновациях, содействию развития бизнеса и выпуска на рынок только безопасных продуктов.

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Al-Fahad, Jasem Y. "Reform of building codes, regulations, administration and enforcement in Kuwait : within the legal, administrative, technical & social framework". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9883.

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Abstract (sommario):

The majority of building code development and implementation practices are normally connected with the progress of construction community changing awareness, needs and perspectives, advanced technology in construction and new level of knowledge. Unproven practices and the technology of building code development and implementation in case of insufficient and outdated codes, the use of unproven advanced codes of other countries, or the infringement of the existing codes, in most cases, could lead to a large number of shortcomings of minimum requirements of public health, safety and general welfare, and poor quality of buildings. Every aspect of a building code development and implementation practice could be influenced by insufficiencies and infringements in building codes/regulations that could cause buildings failures. Generally, the success of a building code development and implementation practice is directly connected with the involved insufficiencies and infringements in the framework of building code (legal, Administrative, technical, & social), i.e. faults of building code development and implementation should be successfully resolved in order to come to an end of a building project assuring code's objectives (public health, safety and general welfare). One of the early research problems of building code development and implementation practice was conducted by Productivity Commission (2004) where the research organized and categorized the causes of shortcomings of BC according to four main functions of building code, including legal, administrative, technical, and social functions. Productivity Commission Research had been the starting point of research problems of building codes in Kuwait. For the past 20 years, many researchers have high numbers of categories, components and rankings to explain different types of insufficiencies and infringements in building codes/regulations. However, these categories and rankings produce inconsistent and overlapping cause and impact factors. In addition, researchers and practitioners at this point tend to focus on the technical and administrative sides related to the issues of building codes development and implementation, and neglecting the importance of legal and social sides. Legal issues like finding a law to prepare and enforce building codes, cover of insurance companies, building materials testing system, weak regulations related issues, building specifications, and clarity of regulation texts; as well as social issues like community awareness, issuing and enforcing legal court rules, deterrent punishments for violators, violations or cheatings in related issues, all of these were deemed not that critical by most reviewers. The research is specifically concerned with the insufficiencies and infringements in building codes/regulations which cause shortcomings of minimum requirements of public health, safety and general welfare, and how related cause and impact factors are selected and organized. Existing research highlights the need for further researches of how to relate between research and building regulations that are at present. There is evidence that construction industries around the world have little experience in this area (CIB TG37, 2001). The proposal within this research is to address this aspect of the debate by seeking to clarify the role of the four functions of building code; legal, administrative, technical, and social function as a frame of reference that stakeholder parties (building officials, design and construction professionals) might agree with and which should act as the basis for the selection and formation of occurrences of cause factors, and their iv impact on public health, safety and general welfare. The focus on the four functions of building code as a fault (cause) frame of reference potentially leads to a common, practical view of the (multi) dimensionality setting of fault (cause) within which cause factors may be identified and which, we believe, could be grounded across a wide range of practices specifically in this research of building code development and implementation. The research surveyed and examined the opinions of building officials, design and construction professionals. We assess which fault (cause) factors are most likely to occur in building and construction projects; evaluate fault (cause) impact by assessing which fault (cause) factors that building officials, design and construction professionals specifically think are likely to arise in the possibility of shortcomings of minimum requirements of public health, safety and general welfare. The data obtained were processed, analyzed and ranked. By using the EXCEL and SPSS for factor analysis, all the fault (cause) factors were reduced and groups into clusters and components for further correlation analysis. The analysis was able to prove an opinion on fault (cause) likelihood, the impact of the fault (cause) on the objectives of building code. The analysis indicates that it is possible to identify grouping of insufficiencies and infringements in building codes/regulations that is correspondent to the different parts of the framework of building code (legal, Administrative, technical, & social) these suggest three identified groups when viewing cause from the likelihood occurrence and four identified groups and their impact for each building code objective. The evidence related to the impact of building code objectives, view of cause, and provides a stronger view of which components of cause were important compared with cause likelihood. The research accounts for the difference by suggesting that a more selection and formation of cause and impact, offered by viewing cause within the context of a framework of building code, and viewing impact within the context of building code objectives (public health, safety and general welfare) allows those involved in building code development and implementation to have an understandable view of the relationships within cause factors, and between cause and impact factors. It also allows the various cause components and the associated emergent clusters to be more readily identified. The contribution of the research relates to the assessment of cause within a construction that is defined in the context of a fairly broad accepted view of the framework of building code (legal, Administrative, technical, & social). The fault (cause) likelihood construction is based on the building code framework proposed in this research and could facilitates a focus on roles and responsibilities, and allows the coordination and integration of activities for regular development and implementation with the building code goals. This contribution would better enable building officials and code writers to identify and manage faults (causes) as they emerge with BC aspects/parts and more closely reflect building and construction activities and processes and facilitate the fault (cause) administration exercise.

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El-Sanei, Abdallah, e Mohammad Najim Abdallah. "Structural evaluation of concrete buildings considering bearing capacity, load combinations, and safety regulations : Analyzing the difference design methods used in old Swedish Norms “Statliga betongbestämmelser 1949, BBK79, Eurocode”". Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278559.

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Design regulations for concrete structures differ through time and place. Throughout the years design regulations have been changed and adjusted for improvement and to ensure safe and secured structures. In Sweden, several design codes and regulations were published from time to time, regulations that needed to be followed when designing structures for different purposes. Some of the design codes that were used during the 20th century were BABS (Byggnadsstyrelsens anvisningar till byggnadsstagdan, 1947-1968), SBN (Svensk Byggnom, 1968-1989), NR (Nybyggnadsregler, 1989-1994), and BKR (Boverkets Konstruktionsregler, 1994-2010) used for the consideration of load combinations on different structures. For design methods and theories “Statliga betongbestämmelser of year 1949” and “BBK 79, Nya betongbestämmelser” were published and used at that time. With development in the construction industry, new laws and regulations were issued to bear with today’s high standards and safety regulation. The Eurocodes were released to consider all new improvements and adjustments as well as facilitate trade between the European countries participating in the European standardization work, CEN. The Eurocodes were set as a base reference for several design purposes among the Europe area. The thesis was performed at the engineering consultancy company WSP to collect and assemble knowledge about the old norms and calculation methods and compare them with Eurocode and identify similarities and differences. The knowledge on the old and new codes was used to study two case studies. Case studies 1 and 2 are both office building structures where high and varying loads occur. Case study 1, built in 1954, consists of a 6-floor story building with the upper floors used as offices and the ground floor as commercial shops. Case study 2, built in 1961, consists of an 8-floor story building with 6 upper floors for office use and ground floors for commercial shops. From each case study one upper floor was chosen for the design and a continuous beam was designed for bending and shear. The design of columns was done on the last column which lays on the foundation of each building. The design calculations are made for beams and columns starting with “Statliga Betongsbestämmelser” as a reference code and the area of steel obtained from the dimensioning are kept the same in the design using “BBK79” and “Eurocode”. The variable difference are the load combinations that differ among the three codes BABS, SBN80 and Eurocode and the change in the design method which resulted in the change in the utilization ratio. The results were similar for both case studies which shows the consistency in the calculations. The total load q increased by 10% in SBN and 41% increase in Eurocode compared to BABS. This showed the change in safety standards by raising the total load on a structure by the use of partial coefficients. For beams in case 1, the utilization for bending was 98% of its capacity when designing using BABS with Statliga Betongsbestämmelser. This value decreased to 64% while using SBN80 with BBK79. In Eurocode the ratio of utilization increased to a value of 75%. Moreover, the utilization of columns in bending using BABS with Statliga betongbestämmelser showed a ratio of 84% and then decreased to 47% in SBN80 with BBK79 and increased somewhat to 51% in Eurocode. Regarding shear design all three norms were critical and strict in the method of design. It showed the importance and sensitivity of beams against shear. For BABS 67% of shear utilization was obtained and this value decreased to 54% in SBN and 52% in Eurocode. This shows the change in the method of designing using consecutive codes at three different times. The change concerns new concepts in the safety regulations from applying the safety on the material in the old norms to increasing the load and allow more usage of the material in the more recent codes. BBK79 and Eurocode share similarities in the design procedures and the use of the partial coefficient method. The increase of utilization in the Eurocode is due to the higher partial coefficient values and the modified load combination equations that resulted in a higher possible load than that from BBK79 but with almost the same load-bearing capacity in both BBK79 and Eurocode.
Genom åren har tillvägagångsättet för dimensionering av betongkonstruktioner reformerats. Äldre konstruktioner är beräknade med den norm som vid tidpunkten för projekteringen gällde. Variationer av normer som har använts under åren för lastkombinering är BABS (Byggnadsstyrelsens anvisningar till byggnadsstadgan 1947–1968), SBN (Svensk Byggnorm, 1968–1989), NR (Nybyggnadsregler, 1989– 1994) och BKR (Boverkets Konstruktionsregler, 1994–2010). Normer som använts för dimensionering är ”Statliga betongbestämmelser år 1949” och ”BBK 79, nya betongbestämmelser”. Eurokoder som är gemensamma dimensionsregler för bärverk i Europa började tillämpas dels för högre krav sattes på konstruktioner, dels för att underlätta handeln inom de länder som ingår i det europeiska standardiseringsarbetet CEN. Eurokoderna utgör en referensbas för olika ändamål vad gäller dimensionering av konstruktioner i Europa. Detta examensarbete genomfördes på med konsultföretaget WSP för att samla in och sammanställa kunskapen om gamla normer och beräkningsmetoder och jämföra dem med Eurokoderna och identifiera likheter och skillnader. Kunskapen om gamla och nya normer användes i två fallstudier. Fallstudierna 1 och 2 är båda kontorsbyggnader där höga och varierande laster förekommer. Fallstudie 1, byggt 1954, består av en sexvåningars byggnad med de övre våningarna för kontor och bottenvåningen för kommersiella affärslokaler. Fallstudie 2, byggd 1961, består av en åttavånings byggnad med de sex översta våningarna för kontor och de understa för affärslokaler. I varje fallstudie valdes ett övre våningsplan ut för dimensionering och en kontinuerlig balk dimensionerades för böjande moment och tvärkraft. Dimensioneringen av en pelare genomfördes för den sista pelarna som ansluter till respektive byggnads grundläggning. Konstruktionsberäkningarna görs för balkar och kolonner som börjar med ”Statliga Betongsbestämmelser” som en referenskod och armeringsarean från den dimensioneringen låses och används sedan vid dimensioneringen enligt ”BBK79” och “Eurocode”. Den variabla skillnaden är lastkombinationerna som skiljer sig mellan de tre koderna BABS, SBN80 och Eurokod och förändringen i dimensioneringsmetoden som resulterade i förändringen i utnyttjandegrad. Resultaten var liknande för båda fallstudierna som visar konsistensen i beräkningarna. Den totala belastningen q ökade med 10 % i SBN och 41 % ökning i Eurokod jämfört med BABS. Detta visade förändringen i säkerhetsstandarder genom att höja den totala belastningen på en struktur med hjälp av partiella koefficienter. För balken i fallstudie 1 var utnyttjandegraden för böjande moment 98 % av dess kapacitet vid dimensionering med BABS med Statliga Betongsbestämmelser. Detta värde minskade till 64 % när SBN80 och BBK79 användes. Med Eurokod ökade utnyttjandegraden till 75 %. Vidare visade dimensionering med BABS med Statliga betongbestämmelser en utnyttjandegrad för pelaren på 84 % som sedan minskade till 47 % med SBN80 och BBK79 och ökade något till 51 % med Eurokod. När det gäller tvärkraftsdimensionering var alla tre normer kritiska och strikta. Det visade vikten av och känsligheten hos balkar mot skjuvning. För BABS erhölls 67 % av kapaciteten för tvärkraft och detta värde minskade till 54 % i SBN och 52 % i Eurokod. Detta visar förändringen i metoden att dimensionera med hjälp av på varandra följande koder vid tre olika tidpunkter. Förändringen gäller nya koncept i säkerhetsföreskrifterna från att beakta säkerheten för materialet i de gamla normerna till att öka belastningen och möjliggöra en högre utnyttjandegrad av materialet i de nyare koderna. BBK79 och Eurocode delar likheter i konstruktionsförfarandena och användningen av metoden för partiell koefficient. Ökningen av utnyttjandet i Eurokoden beror på de högre partiella koefficientvärdena och de modifierade ekvationerna för belastningskombinationer som resulterade i en högre möjlig belastning än den från BBK79 men med nästan samma bärförmåga i både BBK79 och Eurokod.

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SERRA, REYNALDO C. "Licenciamento de reatores: proposta de uma estrutura regulatória integrada com abordagem em qualidade e meio ambiente para reatores de pesquisa no Brasil". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2014. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/23656.

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Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2015-04-10T16:42:50Z No. of bitstreams: 0
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-10T16:42:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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48

James, Priscilla Mageret. "The well-being of workers in the construction industry : a model for employment assistance". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1746.

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Thesis (MTech (Human Resource Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-117).
The construction industry is an important player in the economy of South Africa. In spite of the numerous constraints facing the industry in developing countries, it makes significant contributions to economic growth. The construction industry is a challenging place to work (Pillay & Haupt in Hinze, Bohner & Lew, 2008). The diverse industry is, however, associated with high risk environments and employees are exposed to harsh and dangerous situations, e.g. employees have to work with dangerous machines and equipment. The industry stands out from other industries as having the highest worker injury and fatality rates. Every construction worker is likely to be temporarily unfit to work at some time as a result of moderate injuries or health problems after working on a construction site (Shakantu, Haupt & Tookey, 2006; Smallwood, 2004). This study was prompted by the lack of an Employee Assistance Programme for workers in a medium-sized construction company. A non-probability sampling procedure was utilised. In order to investigate and explore the well-being of employees a research questionnaire was developed and presented to a sample of 34 male respondents in the construction company for completion. The empirical results indicated the difficulties that the respondents are experiencing. The results further revealed the need for assistance from the employer to the respondents. It is anticipated that the research will contribute to, firstly, an awareness of problems in the construction industry regarding the well-being of workers, and secondly to develop a model which will positively contribute to the effective development and implementation of an assistance programme for employees in the construction industry.

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Goel, Asvin. "Legal aspects in road transport optimization in Europe". Elsevier, 2018. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72189.

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Road freight transportation is subject to several legal requirements having direct impact on the practical applicability of routes and schedules. The vast majority of vehicle routing literature, so far, has largely focused on physical constraints such as capacity limits, or customer requirements such as time windows for pickups and deliveries. This paper studies legal requirements for long-distance haulage in the European Union, identifies some major gaps in the current state-of-the-art in vehicle routing, presents approaches for overcoming this gap, and analyzes the impact of the legal requirements studied.

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50

Van, Kleeck Vickie A. "A case study of Mercer University's intramural and recreational sports program to assess the inherent and potential risks for implementation of a risk management program". Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101331.

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This case study involved a safety and maintenance audit of Mercer University's intramural and recreational sports program. The purpose of the audit was to expose potentially hazardous conditions in the area of supervision, conduct of activities, facilities and equipment. A method of risk reduction in the form of a risk management strategy was implemented to control for potential injury producing conditions to participants. Regular safety inspections, the hiring and training of program supervisors, upgrading of facilities and equipment and a closer relationship between the intramural program and other campus departments were some of the remedial steps taken at Mercer to provide a relatively safe environment.
M.S.

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