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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Safety measures"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 30 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Safety measures"

1

Mishra, Anjay Kumar. "Effectiveness of Safety Measures Implementation". Journal of Advanced Research in Civil and Environmental Engineering 06, n. 02 (28 agosto 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2393.8307.201903.

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2

Allenn, Daniel. "Safety measures". Mental Health Practice 10, n. 1 (agosto 2006): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/mhp.10.1.8.s13.

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3

Ballal, V. "Safety measures". British Dental Journal 205, n. 10 (novembre 2008): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2008.986.

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4

Bird, Lucy. "Overriding safety measures". Nature Reviews Immunology 3, n. 9 (settembre 2003): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri1188.

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5

Omer, Abdeen. "A prescription for improvement: Health and Safety Measures". Clinical Medical Reviews and Reports 2, n. 8 (16 novembre 2020): 01–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-8794/046.

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The strategy of price liberalization and privatization had been implemented in Sudan over the last decade, and has had a positive result on government deficit. The investment law approved recently has good statements and rules on the above strategy in particular to pharmacy regulations. Under the pressure of the new privatization policy, the government introduced radical changes in the pharmacy regulations. To improve the effectiveness of the public pharmacy, resources should be switched towards areas of need, reducing inequalities and promoting better health conditions. Medicines are financed either through cost sharing or full private. The role of the private services is significant. A review of reform of financing medicines in Sudan is given in this study. Also, it highlights the current drug supply system in the public sector, which is currently responsibility of the Central Medical Supplies Public Corporation (CMS). In Sudan, the researchers did not identify any rigorous evaluations or quantitative studies about the impact of drug regulations on the quality of medicines and how to protect public health against counterfeit or low quality medicines, although it is practically possible. However, the regulations must be continually evaluated to ensure the public health is protected against by marketing high quality medicines rather than commercial interests, and the drug companies are held accountable for their conduct.

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Thota, Monisha. "Safety measures in entrepreneurs". Journal of Management and Science 10, n. 2 (30 giugno 2020): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2020.2.10.

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An entrepreneur is a person who seeks to benefit from any given opportunity, rather than working all day long as an employee, with a fixed routine. He or she works according to a plan of their own. Entrepreneurs are a very important donator in any economy. These are the people who have the initiative and skills necessary to anticipate recent and future needs and bring great new ideas to market. But with every positive aspect there comes some negative aspects too, which should not be overlooked. So we need to understand every highs and lows of beingan entrepreneur.

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Filip, Larisa-Ofelia, e Simona Cucaila. "Processing of measures measured in underground polygonations". MATEC Web of Conferences 342 (2021): 02018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134202018.

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The information, which is the concrete basis for solving geodetic and topographic problems, comes from measurement observations made on quantities that are mainly angles and distances. The quality of the observations has an important role in achieving the objectives for which they are executed, in conditions of efficiency and safety. As topographically, underground works are conducted using polygonal paths, the methods used for processing measurements are of great interest.

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Jain, Sachin Kumar. "Standardization & Safety Measures: Quality-Based Validation of Herbal Medicine". International Journal of Pharmacognosy & Chinese Medicine 3, n. 4 (2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ipcm-16000182.

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Herbal medicines magnetize the curiosity of both patients and scientists, in all aspects of drug development from natural products and also for rationale of traditional medicine (TM). Numerous developing countries rely on TM because of their convenience and affordability, and scientists all over the world believe medicinal plants as a resource of new chemical entities and use them to isolate compounds such as Sennoside, quinine, strychnine, digoxin, morphine, taxol, atropine, and vinblastine

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Yoganandan, Dr G., e G. Sivasamy. "Health and Safety Measures in Chettinad Cement Corporation Limited, Karur". Bonfring International Journal of Data Mining 5, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2015): 06–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/bijdm.8024.

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Khalak, Abarar A., Kedir Mohammed Musa, Habib Ali Salih e Tejas Pandya. "Road Accidents and Safety Measures: A Diverse Study of Ethiopia". International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 5, n. 1 (24 gennaio 2024): 3005–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.0124.0309.

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Tesi sul tema "Safety measures"

1

Habibzadeh, Zahra Haji. "The influence of safety measures on workers' safety perception and behavior". Phd thesis, Faculty of Medicine, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10594.

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Agarwal, Nithin K. "ESTIMATION OF PEDESTRIAN SAFETY AT INTERSECTIONS USING SIMULATION AND SURROGATE SAFETY MEASURES". UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/835.

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With the number of vehicles increasing in the system every day, many statewide policies across the United States aim to increase the use of non- motorized transportation modes. This could have safety implications because the interaction between motorists and non-motorists could increase and potentially increasing pedestrian-vehicle crashes. Few models that predict the number of pedestrian crashes are not sensitive to site-specific conditions or intersection designs that may influence pedestrian crashes. Moreover, traditional statistical modeling techniques rely extensively on the sparsely available pedestrian crash database. This study focused on overcoming these limitations by developing models that quantify potential interactions between pedestrians and vehicles at various intersection designs using as surrogate safety measure the time to conflict. Several variables that capture volumes, intersection geometry, and operational performance were evaluated for developing pedestrian-vehicle conflict models for different intersection designs. Linear regression models were found to be best fit and potential conflict models were developed for signalized, unsignalized and roundabout intersections. Volume transformations were applied to signalized and unsignalized conditions to develop statistical models for unconventional intersections. The pedestrian-vehicle conflicting volumes, the number of lanes that pedestrians are exposed to vehicles, the percentage of turning vehicles, and the intersection conflict location (major or minor approach) were found to be significant predictors for estimating pedestrian safety at signalized and unsignalized intersections. For roundabouts, the pedestrian-vehicle conflicting volumes, the number of lanes that pedestrians have to cross, and the intersection conflict location (major or minor approach) were found to be significant predictors. Signalized intersection models were used for bowtie and median U-turn intersections using appropriate volume transformations. The combination of signalized intersection models for the intersection area and two-way unsignalized intersection models for the ramp area of the jughandle intersections were utilized with appropriate volume transformations. These models can be used to compare alternative intersection designs and provide designers and planners with a surrogate measure of pedestrian safety level for each intersection design examined.

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Worrall, Stewart. "Providing situation awareness in complex multi-vehicle operations". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18222.

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This thesis addresses the problem of safety in complex multi-vehicle interactions, initially in the domain of the mining industry. Operating a vehicle in a mining environment can be particularly dangerous due to the difficult environment, lack of visibility from the vehicle cabin, long shifts and many other factors that result in many accidents and near misses each year. The state of the art in vehicle safety systems do not address all of these problems. Current systems lack the ability to effectively determine the risks and threats that are important, and to be able to communicate these to an operator in a complex situation. This thesis introduces the concept of situation awareness into the mining domain. Situation awareness provides a model of the way humans take in information from their surroundings, process this information and predict the future state of the environment. Human error in vehicle accidents can be attributed to deficiencies in one or more of these components. The aim of a safety system is to improve situation awareness, while minimising or eliminating the negative impact on situation awareness caused by the introduction of the technology. The requirements for determining and distributing vehicle state information are examined and tested. The concept of context is introduced as a means of filtering out unnecessary information and false alarms to the operator, as well as providing higher level information that requires less mental bandwidth to process. This is important as false alarms and unnecessary information annoys the operators and distracts them from the important task of controlling the vehicle. The quality of the vehicle state information is shown to be improved using localisation algorithms introduced in this thesis. These algorithms utilise the context information, digitised maps and a model of the vehicle dynamics to estimate and predict vehicle state information. The theory and testing of these algorithms are an important contribution of this thesis. The methods of providing feedback to the operator are introduced, and the role of assistive, reactive and preventative feedback is discussed. A measure of vehicle safety is provided using metrics based on the known safe rules of operation within a mine. An important contribution of this thesis is the real time feedback of safety performance based on these metrics which are known to contribute to the risk of an accident. Comprehensive experimental results are provided for the concepts introduced in this thesis from system installations in several mines in Australia and Indonesia.

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Aldridge, Jesse Philmore. "The role of health physicists in contemporary radiological emergency response". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19434.

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Islam, Md Sariful. "LIGHTNING HAZARD SAFETY MEASURES AND AWARENESS IN BANGLADESH". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1541548576157365.

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So, Koon-leung, e 蘇冠良. "A review of safety startegies of Mass Transit Railway in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3195232X.

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Long, Jieling. "Design for patient safety : a prospective hazard analysis framework for healthcare systems". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708636.

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8

Acar, Erdem. "Aircraft structural safety effects of explicit and implicit safety measures and uncertainty reduction mechanisms /". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0015222.

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Li, Yi-man. "Effectiveness of various construction safety measures in Hong Kong". Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholars Hub, 2006. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B37938459.

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Zhao, Dong. "Exploring Construction Safety and Control Measures through Electrical Fatalities". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71712.

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Abstract (sommario):

Globally, construction is considered a hazardous industry with a disproportionate amount of fatal and non-fatal injuries as compared to other industries. Electrocution is named as one of the "fatal four" causes for construction injuries by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). In the United States, an average of 47.9% electrical fatalities occurred in the construction industry from 2003 to 2012, according to the U.S. Department of Labor. These fatalities include both electrical workers and non-electrical workers. Such a disproportionate rate suggests a need of research to improve construction safety and reduce injuries due to electrocution. However, there is a lack of understanding of causation mechanisms surrounding fatal accidents by electrocution using a systems approach; and there is a disconnection between the mechanism of fatal electrocution accidents and the associated control measures, which may lead to less effective prevention in construction. This dissertation has three objectives, including: (a) establishing a sociotechnical system model that reflects the electrocution occurrence in the U.S. construction industry and identify the associations among its internal subsystems; (b) determining specific electrocution patterns and associated mechanism constraints; and (c) examining hierarchy of control (HOC) measures and determining their appropriateness. Findings from his research include: (a) the identification of three system patterns of electrocution in construction work systems and the associations between personnel, technological, organizational/managerial subsystems, and the internal and external environment for each of the three patterns, using a macroergonomics framework; (b) the identification of five features of work, and map out their decision-making chains, critical decision-making points and constraints, as an interpretation of electrocution mechanisms in the workplace; and (c) revealing that behavioral controls remain prevalent in electrical hazard mitigation even though the knowledge of construction safety and health has increased in the past decades, and that the effectiveness of controls is not statistically different by construction type nor occupation. Based on these findings, the research also suggests corresponding mitigation recommendations that construction managers shall strictly follow HOC rules by giving priority to higher level of controls and upgrading the industry's prevention strategy by introducing more technological innovations and encouraging prevention through design (PtD) strategies.
Ph. D.

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Libri sul tema "Safety measures"

1

Amateur Athletic Association. Schools Consultative Committee. Safety measures in athletics. London: AAA, 1986.

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Organization, World Tourism. Recommended measures for tourism safety. Madrid: WTO, 1991.

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Great Britain. Department of Transport. Improved fishing vessel safety measures. London: Dept. of Transport, 1988.

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Madigan, Lisa. Surfing safely: Online safety tips. Springfield, Ill.]: Lisa Madigan, Illinois Attorney General, 2008.

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Madigan, Lisa. Surfing safely: Online safety tips. Springfield, Ill.]: Illinois Attorney General, 2004.

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Petrangeli, Gianni. Nuclear safety. Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2006.

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7

Insurers, Alliance of American. Construction safety. Schaumburg, Ill. (1501 Woodfield Rd., Suite 400 West, Schaumburg 60173-4980): Alliance of American Insurers, 1989.

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International Atomic Energy Agency. Division of Public Information., a cura di. Radiation safety. [Vienna, Austria]: International Atomic Energy Agency, Division of Public Information, 1996.

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Kazmaier, Dick. Exercise safety. [Washington, D.C.?]: President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, 1989.

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Kazmaier, Dick. Exercise safety. [Washington, D.C.?]: President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, 1989.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Safety measures"

1

Fernandez-Anez, Nieves, Blanca Castells Somoza, Isabel Amez Arenillas e Javier Garcia-Torrent. "Safety Measures". In SpringerBriefs in Energy, 87–104. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43933-0_9.

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Cantuni, Rubens. "Safety Measures". In Designing Digital Products for Kids, 89–97. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6287-0_6.

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Knunyants, I. L., e G. G. Yakobson. "Safety Measures". In Syntheses of Fluoroorganic Compounds, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70207-5_1.

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Proske, Dirk. "Measures of Safety". In Risk Engineering, 27–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73833-8_5.

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Bergmiller, Peter Johannes. "Tactical Safety Measures". In Towards Functional Safety in Drive-by-Wire Vehicles, 85–113. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17485-3_7.

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Mackey, William C. "Quality and Safety Improvement in Surgery". In Quality Measures, 23–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37145-6_3.

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Deshpande, Bipin. "Precautions and safety measures". In Dermatologic Surgery with Radiofrequency, 33–34. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203732182-9.

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Vadeby, Anna, e Åsa Forsman. "Speed Distribution and Traffic Safety Measures". In Traffic Safety, 161–76. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119307853.ch11.

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McKenzie, A. L. "Laser Safety". In Handbook of Laboratory Health and Safety Measures, 345–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9363-7_17.

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McKenzie, A. L., e Laser Hazards. "Laser Safety". In Handbook of Laboratory Health and Safety Measures, 477–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7897-4_21.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Safety measures"

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Prochazkova, Dana, Jan Prochazka, Jana Viktorie Martincova e Tomas Kertis. "Measures for Tunnel Safety Management". In 32nd European Safety and Reliability Conference. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-18-5183-4_s06-03-030.

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Prochazkova, Dana, Jan Prochazka, Jana Viktorie Martincova e Tomas Kertis. "Measures for Tunnel Safety Management". In 32nd European Safety and Reliability Conference. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-18-5183-4_s06-03-030-cd.

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3

Ramu, Palaniappan, Xueyong Qu, Byeng Youn, Raphael Haftka e K. Choi. "Safety Factor and Inverse Reliability Measures". In 45th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics & Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-1670.

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Levchenko, Oleg. "BASIC SAFETY MEASURES DURING PLASTIC WELDING". In THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH: CONCEPT AND TRENDS, chair Yury Polukarov, Olena Zemlyanska, Natalya Prakhovnik e Andrii Kovtun. European Scientific Platform, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/logos-02.02.2024.027.

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Arriaga, Miguel, Andreia Silva, Paula Valente, Paulo Diegues, Paulo Nogueira, Graça Freitas, Joana Larangeira e Francisco Mata. "PW 2512 Public health measures in adverse extreme temperatures". In Safety 2018 abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprevention-2018-safety.601.

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Do, Phuc, Christophe Berenguer e Emanuele Borgonovo. "MRL-based Importance Measures". In Proceedings of the 29th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL). Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-11-2724-3_0132-cd.

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Liu Wenlong e Zhang Hong. "Research on measures to promote mechanical safety". In 2012 First National Conference for Engineering Sciences (FNCES). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nces.2012.6543962.

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Zaykova, Valeria Igorevna, e Evgeniya Gennad'evna Radygina. "SANITARY AND HYGIENIC SAFETY MEASURES IN HOSPITALITY". In СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ И ГУМАНИТАРНЫЕ НАУКИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ВЫЗОВОВ СОВРЕМЕННОСТИ. Комсомольск-на-Амуре: Комсомольский-на-Амуре государственный университет, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17084/978-5-7765-1460-9_2021_154.

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Palle, Satya Srikanth, J. J. Jijesh, Dileep Reddy Bolla, Mahaveer Penna, P. V. Sruthi e Gowthami Alla. "Modernized Compartment With Safety Measures in Railways". In 2020 International Conference on Recent Trends on Electronics, Information, Communication & Technology (RTEICT). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rteict49044.2020.9315565.

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Padure, Paul, Adela Vintea e Octavian Mihai Ghita. "Safety measures in testing aircraft wheeled parts". In 2015 7th International Conference on Electronics, Computers and Artificial Intelligence (ECAI). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecai.2015.7301198.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Safety measures"

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Chapman, Sam. PPR2017 Automated Vehicle Safety Assurance - In-use Safety and Security Monitoring - Task 2: Minimum Dataset Specification. TRL, giugno 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.58446/nksn4732.

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This report reviews in-use data recording practices and regulation for monitoring transport operational safety. It looks beyond just road vehicle in-use risk monitoring to also explore established regulation and approaches developed over time within; air, rail and marine vehicles. This wider basis of review seeks to identify potentially transferable good practice for application to Low Speed Automated Vehicle (LSAV) in-use monitoring. Across all approaches two core classes of in-use monitoring are detailed: lagging measures and leading measures. Lagging measures have higher accuracy focusing on realised risk events with very low frequency yet more detailed captured data. Leading measures alternatively focus in-use data gathering upon potential wider risk scenarios better supporting emerging risk discovery and wider liability determination. This report strongly recommends using a mixture of both lagging measures and leading measures to allow both proactive and reactive management of in-use risk. For each approach trigger thresholds and persisted data are recommended.

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Sparkman, D. Techniques, processes, and measures for software safety and reliability. Version 3.0. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maggio 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6801101.

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Bell, Jack, Rik Law, Howell Li, Ben Anderson e Darcy M. Bullock. New Opportunities for Automated Pedestrian Performance Measures. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317351.

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Pedestrian safety is an important concern when evaluating intersections. Previous literature has shown that exclusive pedestrian phases improve safety, but at the expense of imposing greater pedestrian and motorist delay. However, outside of crash data, there are no easily implementable performance measures for pedestrians at traffic signals. This study proposes two performance metrics: (1) a time-to-jaywalk measure, and (2) the Conflict Occupancy Ratio (COR) for evaluating concurrent pedestrian signal phasing with turning vehicles. The COR quantifies conflicts between turning vehicles and pedestrians in the crosswalk. The COR is based upon a commercially deployed video detection system that correctly identified the presence of pedestrians to within two per cycle in this study. This performance is likely sufficient for the current application, but as the technology matures it will provide a scalable screening tool to identify intersections that have opportunities for capacity adjustments or warrant further direct field investigation.

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Jayant, Menon, Conrad van Gass, Mma Amara Ekeruche, Edgar Cooke, Saira Ahmed e Jessica Meeker. Fiscal Measures to Support Post-Pandemic Resilience. Institute of Development Studies, febbraio 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/core.2023.021.

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Now that the dust has begun to settle on the Covid-19 pandemic, it is time to reflect on and draw lessons from country experiences in pandemic response, in relation to fiscal management and reform. In order to apply these lessons, countries will require increased fiscal space to enable them to implement social safety nets that help balance the trade-off between livelihoods on the one hand, and health and the economy on the other. What follows in this Research for Policy and Practice Report is a collection of studies supported by the Covid-19 Responses for Equity (CORE) Programme. These studies provide solid evidence from a diverse range of cases, each with varying contexts and constraints, about fiscal policies and macroeconomic reforms that could support crisis response. Improved tax collection and better management of fiscal resources could enable improved social and physical infrastructures, as well as improved social safeguards and safety nets. These considerations should be part of an improved response when the next pandemic hits.

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TARAKANOVA, V., A. ROMANENKO e O. PRANTSUZ. MEASURES TO PREVENT POSSIBLE EMERGENCIES AT THE ENTERPRISE. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2070-7568-2022-11-1-4-32-43.

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In the article, the authors consider emergency situations at the enterprise of the Joint-Stock Company “Scientific and Production Complex “Alternative Energy” (JSC “NPK “ALTEN”), consider measures to prevent emergency situations at the enterprise, readiness to eliminate them consequences. Compliance with these measures will improve the efficiency of the company’s industrial safety management system. The relevance of the research is aimed at an effective system of organization and management of industrial safety, which allows you to manage risks and helps to ensure favorable working conditions for the health of employees at the enterprise. A mobile emergency and emergency response system was created. The system can also be used for accounting and accident investigation, based on the use of corporate communication devices and applications for mobile operating systems.

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Ferrell, C., e L. Soffer. Resolution of Unresolved Safety Issue A-48, Hydrogen control measures and effects of hydrogen burns on safety equipment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), settembre 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5559964.

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Roy, Devesh, Gaurav Tripathi, Abu Hayat Md Saiful Islam e Anjani Kumar. Contract farming, profitability, and adoption of food safety measures in broiler production in Bangladesh. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134431.

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Saldivar-Carranza, Enrique D., Howell Li, Jijo K. Mathew, Jairaj Desai, Tom Platte, Saumabha Gayen, James Sturdevant, Mark Taylor, Charles Fisher e Darcy M. Bullock. Next Generation Traffic Signal Performance Measures: Leveraging Connected Vehicle Data. Purdue University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317625.

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Abstract (sommario):

High-resolution connected vehicle (CV) trajectory and event data has recently become commercially available. With over 500 billion vehicle position records generated each month in the United States, these data sets provide unique opportunities to build on and expand previous advances on traffic signal performance measures and safety evaluation. This report is a synthesis of research focused on the development of CV-based performance measures. A discussion is provided on data requirements, such as acquisition, storage, and access. Subsequently, techniques to reference vehicle trajectories to relevant roadways and movements are presented. This allows for performance analyses that can range from the movement- to the system-level. A comprehensive suite of methodologies to evaluate signal performance using vehicle trajectories is then provided. Finally, uses of CV hard-braking and hard-acceleration event data to assess safety and driver behavior are discussed. To evaluate scalability and test the proposed techniques, performance measures for over 4,700 traffic signals were estimated using more than 910 million vehicle trajectories and 14 billion GPS points in all 50 states and Washington, D.C. The contents of this report will help the industry transition towards a hybrid blend of detector- and CV-based signal performance measures with rigorously defined performance measures that have been peer-reviewed by both academics and industry leaders.

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Cherian, Jerald, Jodi Segal, Ritu Sharma, Allen Zhang, Eric Bass e Michael Rosen. Patient Safety Practices Focused on Sepsis Prediction and Recognition. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), aprile 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepc_mhs4sepsis.

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Objectives. Patient safety practices (PSPs) focused on sepsis prediction and recognition, encompass interventions designed to identify patients with sepsis early and improve timely adherence to guidelines. Our objectives were to review the evidence published after the previous Making Healthcare Safer (MHS) report to determine the effectiveness of sepsis prediction and recognition PSPs on patient safety related outcomes. Methods. We searched PubMed and the Cochrane library for systematic reviews and primary studies published from January 2018 through August 2023, supplemented by gray literature searches. We included reviews and primary studies of sepsis prediction and recognition PSPs reporting measures of clinical process (time to diagnosis or treatment, adherence to guidelines, Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Early Management Bundle), patient outcomes (hospital or intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, mortality), implementation (use, barriers, and facilitators), or costs. Findings. We focused on 7 systematic reviews and 8 primary studies that were eligible for full review, and briefly summarized 36 pre-post studies that lacked a separate comparison group. All the sepsis prediction and recognition PSPs were multi-component interventions. Across the systematic reviews and primary studies of neonates, the PSPs improved clinical process measures (low strength of evidence), but evidence was insufficient about length of stay or mortality outcomes. Across the systematic reviews and primary studies of adults, the PSPs did not demonstrate an effect on clinical process, length of stay, or mortality outcomes. In primary studies of adults, evidence was insufficient in the prehospital setting for mortality, length of stay, and clinical process measures. In the emergency department setting, strength of evidence was low for mortality and clinical process measures and insufficient for length of stay. In ward or hospitalwide settings, strength of evidence was low across all three outcome types. The secondary outcome of alerting system performance (e.g., positive predictive value) could not be meaningfully compared across studies due to diversity in populations and interventions. Conclusions. This review finds that recent primary studies and systematic reviews do not support that specific PSPs for sepsis prediction and recognition are effective at reducing mortality or length of stay or improve clinical processes in adults in pre-hospital, emergency department, or hospitalwide settings as compared to usual care. Sepsis prediction and recognition PSPs may improve clinical process outcomes in neonates in ICUs.

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Cantor, Amy G., Rebecca M. Jungbauer, Andrea C. Skelly, Erica L. Hart, Katherine Jorda, Cynthia Davis-O'Reilly, Aaron B. Caughey e Ellen L. Tilden. Respectful Maternity Care: Dissemination and Implementation of Perinatal Safety Culture To Improve Equitable Maternal Healthcare Delivery and Outcomes. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), gennaio 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer269.

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Objective. To summarize current research defining and measuring respectful maternity care (RMC) and evaluate the effectiveness of RMC and implementation strategies to improve health outcomes, particularly for populations at risk for health disparities. Data sources. Ovid MEDLINE®, Embase®, and Cochrane CENTRAL from inception to November 2022 and SocINDEX to July 2023; manual review of reference lists and responses to a Federal Register Notice. Review methods. Dual review of eligible abstracts and full-text articles using predefined criteria. Data abstraction and quality assessment dual reviewed using established methods. Systematic evaluation of psychometric studies of RMC tools using adapted criteria. Meta-analysis not conducted due to heterogeneity of studies and limited data. Results. Searches identified 4,043 unique records. Thirty-seven studies were included across all questions, including the Contextual Question (CQ). Twenty-four validation studies (3 observational studies, 21 cross-sectional studies) evaluated 12 tools for measuring RMC. One randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluated RMC effectiveness. There were no effectiveness trials from settings relevant to clinical practice in the United States and no studies evaluating effectiveness of RMC implementation. For the CQ, 12 studies defined 12 RMC frameworks. Two types of frameworks defined RMC: (1) Disrespect and Abuse (D&A) and (2) Rights-Based. Components of D&A frameworks served as indicators for recognizing mistreatment during childbirth, while Rights-Based frameworks incorporated aspects of reproductive justice, human rights, and anti-racism. Overlapping themes from RMC frameworks included: freedom from abuse, consent, privacy, dignity, communication, safety, and justice. Tools that measured RMC performed well based on psychometric measures, but no single tool stood out as the best measure of RMC. The intrapartum version of the Mother’s Autonomy in Decision-Making (MADM), Mothers On Respect index (MORi), and the Childbirth Options, Information, and Person-Centered Explanation (CHOICES) index for measuring RMC demonstrated good overall validity based on analysis of psychometric properties and were applicable to U.S. populations. The Revised Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ-2) demonstrated good overall validity for measuring childbirth experiences and included RMC components. One fair-quality RCT from Iran demonstrated lower rates of postpartum depression at 6-8 weeks for those who received RMC compared with controls (20% [11/55] vs. 50% [27/54], p=0.001), measured by the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. No studies evaluated any other health outcomes or measured the effectiveness of RMC implementation strategies. Conclusions. RMC frameworks with overlapping components, themes, and definitions were well described in the literature, but consensus around one operational definition is needed. Validated tools to measure RMC performed well based on psychometric measures but have been subject to limited evaluation. A reliable metric informed by a standard definition could lead to further evaluation and implementation in U.S. settings. Evidence is currently lacking on the effectiveness of strategies to implement RMC to improve any maternal or infant health outcome.

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