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Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021
Ultima modifica: 22 giugno 2024

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1

Journal, Baghdad Science. "Study of the properties of Ru-isotopes using the proton-neutron interacting boson model (IBM-2)". Baghdad Science Journal 7, n. 1 (7 marzo 2010): 76–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.7.1.76-89.

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The proton-neutron interacting boson model (IBM-2) has been used to make a schematic study of the Ruthenium ( ) isotopes of mass region around with and . For each isotope of the values of the IBM-2 Hamiltonian parameters, which yield an acceptable results for excitation energies in comparison with those of experimental data, have been determined. Fixed values of the effective charges ( ) and of the proton and neutron g factors ( and ) have been chosen for all isotopes under study. The calculated electric quadrupole moments of state, transitions, the magnetic dipole moments transitions and mixing ratios are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data.
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2

Arora, B. K., D. Mehta, Rakesh Rani, T. S. Cheema e P. N. Trehan. "Coulomb excitation of ruthenium isotopes". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 24-25 (aprile 1987): 460–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(87)90683-5.

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3

Kim, Seonho, Kwang Hyun Sung e Kyujin Kwak. "Isotopic Compositions of Ruthenium Predicted from the NuGrid Project". Astrophysical Journal 924, n. 2 (1 gennaio 2022): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac35e1.

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Abstract The isotopic compositions of ruthenium (Ru) are measured from presolar silicon carbide (SiC) grains. In a popular scenario, the presolar SiC grains formed in the outskirt of an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star, left the star as a stellar wind, and joined the presolar molecular cloud from which the solar system formed. The Ru isotopes formed inside the star, moved to the stellar surface during the AGB phase, and were locked into the SiC grains. Following this scenario, we analyze the Nucleosynthesis Grid (NuGrid) data, which provide the abundances of the Ru isotopes in the stellar wind for a set of stars in a wide range of initial masses and metallicities. We apply the C > O (carbon abundance larger than the oxygen abundance) condition, which is commonly adopted for the condition of the SiC formation in the stellar wind. The NuGrid data confirm that SiC grains do not form in the winds of massive stars. The isotopic compositions of Ru in the winds of low-mass stars can explain the measurements. We find that lower-mass stars (1.65 M ☉ and 2 M ☉) with low metallicity (Z = 0.0001) can explain most of the measured isotopic compositions of Ru. We confirm that the abundance of 99 Ru inside the presolar grain includes the contribution from the in situ decay of 99 Tc. We also verify our conclusion by comparing the isotopic compositions of Ru integrated over all the pulses with those calculated at individual pulses.
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4

Arblaster, John W. "The Discoverers of the Ruthenium Isotopes". Platinum Metals Review 55, n. 4 (1 ottobre 2011): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1595/147106711x592448.

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5

Bork, J., H. Schatz, F. Käppeler e T. Rauscher. "Proton capture cross sections of the ruthenium isotopes". Physical Review C 58, n. 1 (1 luglio 1998): 524–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.58.524.

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6

Shibata, Keiichi. "Evaluation of neutron nuclear data on ruthenium isotopes". Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 50, n. 12 (dicembre 2013): 1177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2013.838912.

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7

Marti, Kurt, Mario Fischer-Gödde e Carina Proksche. "Meteoritic Molybdenum and Ruthenium Isotopic Abundances Document Nucleosynthetic p-process Components". Astrophysical Journal 956, n. 1 (29 settembre 2023): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acee81.

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Abstract Anomalies in isotopic abundances of Mo and Ru in solar system matter were found to document variable contributions of the nucleosynthetic s-process component. We report isotopic relations of ϵ 92Mo versus ϵ 100Ru in meteorites from chondritic parent bodies, iron meteorites, and achondrites that reveal deviations from expected s-process abundance variations. We show that two p-process isotopes 92Mo and 94Mo require the presence of distinct p-process components in meteoritic materials. The nucleosynthetic origin of abundant magic (N = 50) p-process nuclides, covering the mass range of Zr, Mo, and Ru, has long been an enigma, but contributions by several recognized pathways, including alpha and νp-antineutrino reactions on protons, may account for the observed relatively large solar system abundances. Specific core-collapse supernovae explosive regions may carry proton-rich matter. Since Mo and Ru isotopic records in solar system matter reveal the presence of more than one nucleosynthetic p-process component, these records are expected to be helpful in documenting different explosive synthesis pathways and the implied galactic evolution of p-nuclides.
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8

Hanson, Susan K., Matthew E. Sanborn, Holly R. Trellue e William S. Kinman. "Nuclear Sample Provenance and Age Determination Using Ruthenium Isotopes". Analytical Chemistry 94, n. 8 (14 febbraio 2022): 3645–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05218.

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9

Forest, D. H., R. A. Powis, E. C. A. Cochrane, J. A. R. Griffith e G. Tungate. "High resolution laser spectroscopy of naturally occurring ruthenium isotopes". Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 41, n. 2 (20 gennaio 2014): 025106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/41/2/025106.

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10

Nystrom, A., e M. Thoennessen. "Discovery of yttrium, zirconium, niobium, technetium, and ruthenium isotopes". Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables 98, n. 2 (marzo 2012): 95–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adt.2011.12.002.

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11

Dean, S., M. Górska, F. Aksouh, H. de Witte, M. Facina, M. Huyse, O. Ivanov et al. "The beta decay of neutron-deficient rhodium and ruthenium isotopes". European Physical Journal A 21, n. 2 (agosto 2004): 243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2003-10204-2.

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12

Giannatiempo, A., A. Nannini, P. Sona e D. Cutoiu. "Full-symmetry and mixed-symmetry states in even ruthenium isotopes". Physical Review C 52, n. 6 (1 dicembre 1995): 2969–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.52.2969.

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13

Bush, R. P. "Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from High Level Radioactive Waste". Platinum Metals Review 35, n. 4 (1 ottobre 1991): 202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1595/003214091x354202208.

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When nuclear fuel is irradiated in a power reactor a wide range of chemical elements is created by the fission of uranium and plutonium. These fission products include palladium, rhodium and ruthenium, and could in principle constitute a valuable source of these three metals. Their separation front the fuel during reprocessing operations is, however, a complex mutter. Various processes have been proposed and evaluated, mainly on a laboratory scale. To date none of them has been established as applicable on a commercial scale, but investigations with this aim are continuing in several countries. Even a complete separation of the platinum group metals from other nuclides would yield a radioactive product, because of the presence of active isotopes of the platinum group metals. These would be expected to restrict the practical utilisation of platinum group metals created by nuclear fission, unless an isotope separation technique can be developed, or the metals are stored until the radioactivity has decayed.
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14

Huang, Min, Yongzhong Liu e Akimasa Masuda. "Accurate Measurement of Ruthenium Isotopes by Negative Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry". Analytical Chemistry 68, n. 5 (gennaio 1996): 841–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac950771z.

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15

Veronese, I., M. C. Cantone, A. Giussani, A. Arogunjo, P. Roth, V. Höllriegl, U. Oeh, U. Holzwarth e K. Abbas. "A technique for the determination of ruthenium stable isotopes in urine samples". Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 271, n. 2 (febbraio 2007): 497–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-007-0236-8.

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16

Islam, M. A., T. J. Kennett e W. V. Prestwich. "Thermal neutron capture γ-ray spectrum of molybdenum and ruthenium". Canadian Journal of Physics 69, n. 6 (1 giugno 1991): 658–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p91-110.

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The thermal neutron capture γ rays from natural molybdenum and ruthenium have been studied using a pair spectrometer and the tangential facility at the McMaster University Nuclear Reactor. Precise transition, level, and neutron separation energies of different isotopes are inferred. The separation energies are: Sn(93Mo) = 8069.76 ± 0.09, Sn(95Mo) = 7369.10 ± 0.10, Sn(96Mo) = 9154.31 ± 0.05, Sn(97Mo) = 6821.15 ± 0.25, Sn(98Mo) = 8642.55 ± 0.07, Sn(99Mo) = 5925.42 ± 0.15, Sn(100Ru) = 9673.48 ± 0.05, and Sn(102Ru) = 9219.64 ± 0.05 keV. The M1 strength functions of 100Ru,102Ru, 96Mo, and 98Mo are (34 ± 15) × 10−9, (82 ± 41) × 10−9, (22 ± 7) × 10−9, and (25 ± 8) × 10−9 MeV−3, respectively. All values but that for 102Ru agree with the global average of (20 ± 6) × 10−9 MeV−3. The average [Formula: see text] of 96Mo observed is 247 ± 175 e2 fm4 MeV−1.
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17

Fitzsimmons, Jonathan, Justin Griswold, Dmitri Medvedev, Cathy Cutler e Leonard Mausner. "Defining Processing Times for Accelerator Produced 225Ac and Other Isotopes from Proton Irradiated Thorium". Molecules 24, n. 6 (20 marzo 2019): 1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061095.

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During the purification of radioisotopes, decay periods or time dependent purification steps may be required to achieve a certain level of radiopurity in the final product. Actinum-225 (Ac-225), Silver-111 (Ag-111), Astatine-211 (At-211), Ruthenium-105 (Ru-105), and Rhodium-105 (Rh-105) are produced in a high energy proton irradiated thorium target. Experimentally measured cross sections, along with MCNP6-generated cross sections, were used to determine the quantities of Ac-225, Ag-111, At-211, Ru-105, Rh-105, and other co-produced radioactive impurities produced in a proton irradiated thorium target at Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer (BLIP). Ac-225 and Ag-111 can be produced with high radiopurity by the proton irradiation of a thorium target at BLIP.
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18

Panikkath, Priyada. "Thermal neutron capture cross sections and resonance integrals of ruthenium isotopes- 96Ru, 102Ru and 104Ru". Applied Radiation and Isotopes 153 (novembre 2019): 108819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108819.

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19

Bharti, Arun, e S. K. Khosa. "Microscopic study of deformation systematics and low-lying yrast spectra in even-even ruthenium isotopes". Nuclear Physics A 572, n. 2 (maggio 1994): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(94)90177-5.

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20

Nair, A. G. C., A. Srivastava, A. Goswami e B. K. Srivastava. "Cumulative yields of short-lived ruthenium isotopes in the thermal neutron induced fission of233U,235U and239Pu". Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles 91, n. 1 (agosto 1985): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02036311.

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21

Koopmans, Anna E., Annelies de Klein, Nicole C. Naus e Emine Kilic. "Diagnosis and Management of Uveal Melanoma". European Ophthalmic Review 07, n. 01 (2013): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/eor.2013.07.01.56.

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Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common cause of primary eye cancer in the developed world. UM may arise in the iris, ciliary body or choroid. Choroidal melanomas are the most frequent and usually display a discoid, dome- or mushroom-shaped growth pattern. Diagnosis is based on a clinical examination with the slit lamp and indirect ophthalmoscope together with ultrasonography of the eye. Despite improvements of primary treatment and a shift towards more conservative eye treatments, survival has not improved during the past decades. Aims of conservative treatment of UM are to elucidate the tumour and to retain the eye and in some cases the visual function. Primary treatment of UM consists of several options such as brachytherapy with either ruthenium-106 (Ru-106) and iodine-125 (I-125) isotopes, transpupillary therapy, proton beam therapy, stereotactic radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy and surgical excision. Enucleation must be reserved for patients with large or advanced tumours, or when extraocular extension is present.
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22

Hossain, I., Huda H. Kassim, Mushtaq A. Al-Jubbori, Fadhil I. Sharrad e Said A. Mansour. "Ground States Structure of Ruthenium Isotopes with Neutron <i>N</i> = 60, 62". World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 10, n. 02 (2020): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2020.102008.

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23

Bykhovsky, A. A., I. E. Panova e E. V. Samkovich. "Brachytherapy in organ-preserving treatment of choroidal melanoma: complications and the possibility of their prediction". Acta Biomedica Scientifica 6, n. 6-1 (28 dicembre 2021): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29413/abs.2021-6.6-1.4.

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This review analyzed the domestic and foreign literature on brachytherapy of choroidal melanoma using ruthenium ophthalmic applicators. The review highlights the historical aspects of radiation treatment, from the first experience of using ionizing radiation in the treatment of malignant neoplasms to modern methods of brachytherapy; presents the radiobiological foundations of radiation therapy; considers the issues of radiation pathomorphosis, reflecting the nature of pathological changes in the choroidal melanoma tissue during brachytherapy; shows the dependence of the effect of exposure ionizing radiation from the phase of the cycle of cell division; and also describes the presence of changes characteristic of the response to ionizing radiation in unirradiated tissues. The analysis of various post-radiation complications, both early and late, was carried out in some detail, with emphasis on the possibility of predicting and preventing them in real clinical practice. A comparison is made in terms of the frequency of development of various post-radiation complications in the works of domestic and foreign authors, as well as a comparison with the effect of ionizing radiation from other radioactive isotopes. Recommendations of experts are given regarding the correct calculation of the dose to the sclera and medication support, based on many years of experience in the use of ruthenium ophthalmic applicators for brachytherapy of choroidal melanoma. The risks of developing such late complications as radiation maculopathy and radiation neuropathy have been demonstrated, especially in pre-equatorial tumor localization. The possibilities of modern methods of instrumental diagnostics for studying the processes occurring in the area of the tumor, as well as changes in the surrounding tissues, are shown, which determines the feasibility and importance of further study of this issue.
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24

Kuprikov, V. I., e V. N. Tarasov. "Change in the Shape of Nuclei in the Chains of Krypton, Strontium, Zirconium, Molybdenum, and Ruthenium Isotopes in the Relativistic-Mean-Field Approximation". Physics of Atomic Nuclei 82, n. 3 (maggio 2019): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063778819020108.

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25

Casey, Charles P., e Jeffrey B. Johnson. "Kinetic isotope effect evidence for the concerted transfer of hydride and proton from hydroxycyclopentadienyl ruthenium hydride in solvents of different polarities and hydrogen bonding ability". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 83, n. 9 (1 settembre 2005): 1339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-140.

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Abstract (sommario):
The tolyl analogue of Shvo's hydroxycyclopentadienyl ruthenium hydride (4) efficiently transfers a hydride and proton to benzaldehyde or acetophenone to produce an alcohol. This reduction can be performed in toluene, methylene chloride, and THF. Reduction of benzaldehyde in toluene and methylene chloride occurs approximately 300 times faster than in THF at 0 °C. Reduction of acetophenone occurs between 75 and 150 times slower than benzaldehyde at 0 °C in each respective solvent. Despite the differences in rate, mechanistic studies have provided evidence for a similar concerted transfer of acidic and hydridic hydrogens in each solvent. Addition of water to THF led to further rate decrease coupled with an increase in the OH/D kinetic isotope effect and a decrease in the RuH/D kinetic isotope effect. Addition of excess alcohol to toluene or methylene chloride results in the significant retardation of the rate of reduction. The slower rate in THF and in the presence of alcohol is attributed to the stabilization of the ground state of ruthenium hydride 4 by hydrogen bonding and the additional energy required to break these bonds prior to carbonyl reduction.Key words: ruthenium hydrogenation catalysis, hydrogenation mechanism, kinetic isotope effects, ligand–metal bifunctional catalysis.
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26

Fukuzumi, Shunichi, Takeshi Kobayashi e Tomoyoshi Suenobu. "Unusually Large Tunneling Effect on Highly Efficient Generation of Hydrogen and Hydrogen Isotopes in pH-Selective Decomposition of Formic Acid Catalyzed by a Heterodinuclear Iridium−Ruthenium Complex in Water". Journal of the American Chemical Society 132, n. 5 (10 febbraio 2010): 1496–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja910349w.

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27

Hopp, Timo, Mario Fischer-Gödde e Thorsten Kleine. "Ruthenium stable isotope measurements by double spike MC-ICPMS". Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 31, n. 7 (2016): 1515–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ja00041j.

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28

Schneider, T. W., M. T. Hren, M. Z. Ertem e A. M. Angeles-Boza. "[RuII(tpy)(bpy)Cl]+-Catalyzed reduction of carbon dioxide. Mechanistic insights by carbon-13 kinetic isotope effects". Chemical Communications 54, n. 61 (2018): 8518–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc03009j.

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Abdel-Shafi, Ayman A., Hanaa A. Hassanin e Shar S. Al-Shihry. "Partial charge transfer contribution to the solvent isotope effect and photosensitized generation of singlet oxygen, O2(1Δg), by substituted ruthenium(ii) bipyridyl complexes in aqueous media". Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 13, n. 9 (2014): 1330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4pp00117f.

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Solvent isotope effect on the lifetime of the excited3MLCT states of ruthenium complexes,τD0/τH0, was found to depend on partial charge transfer to solvent as found from their dependence on theEoxof these complexes.
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Mekhova, E. S., e P. Yu Dgebuadze. "Trophic interactions between gall-forming molluscs Stilifer spp. (Gastropoda, Eulimidae) and their hosts (Echinodermata)". Ruthenica, Russian Malacological Journal 30, n. 4 (1 ottobre 2020): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.35885/ruthenica.2021.30(4).2.

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The trophic relationships between two species of symbiotic gall-forming molluscs from the genus Stilifer (family Eulimidae) and two of their hosts-asteroid species, Linckia laevigata and Culcita noveaguineae, were investigated using the stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen. The aim of present study was to identify the most preferable host tissue in the symbionts’ diet. We analyzed δ15N and δ13C values in tube-feet, gonads and digestive glands of the hosts-starfishes and in muscles of the molluscs. Both symbiont species did not differ to each other both in δ15N and δ13C values. The average δ15N and δ13C values of Stilifer variabilis were significantly different from the digestive glands and gonads of their host Culcita novaeguineae and did not show differences from the tube-feet of starfishes. A similar pattern was found in the symbiotic association of Stilifer utinomi and Linckia laevigata. The tube-feet of analyzed starfishes had significantly higher average δ15N and δ13C values than the digestive glands and gonads. Obtained isotopic signatures indicate that symbionts do not feed on the host's tissues, but take nutrients from their digestive system. It seems that the proboscis of Stilifer spp. absorbs the nutrients from the digestive system of the host-starfish thereby not disturbing significantly the host's immune system.
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Dauphas, Nicolas, Andrew M. Davis, Bernard Marty e Laurie Reisberg. "The cosmic molybdenum–ruthenium isotope correlation". Earth and Planetary Science Letters 226, n. 3-4 (ottobre 2004): 465–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.07.026.

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32

Hopp, Timo, Mario Fischer-Gödde e Thorsten Kleine. "Ruthenium isotope fractionation in protoplanetary cores". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 223 (febbraio 2018): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2017.11.033.

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Babushkina, N. A., A. N. Taldenkov, A. V. Inyushkin, Antoine Maignan, D. I. Khomskii e K. I. Kugel. "Oxygen Isotope Effect in Cr- and Ru-Doped Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3 Manganites". Solid State Phenomena 152-153 (aprile 2009): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.152-153.127.

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Abstract (sommario):
The effect of 16О → 18О isotope substitution on the properties of Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3 manganites doped by Cr and Ru is studied. In these compounds, chromium and ruthenium favor (i) the suppression of a charge-ordered state and (ii) the formation of a ferromagnetic metallic phase. The 16О → 18О isotope substitution leads to the growth of the charge-ordering transition temperature (TCO), and to the lowering of ferromagnetic transition temperature (TFM) accompanied by a decrease in the content of ferromagnetic phase. The difference in the behavior of the Cr- and Ru-substituted samples is analyzed.
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Fujii, Toshiyuki, Frederic Moynier, Philippe Telouk e Francis Albarede. "Mass‐Independent Isotope Fractionation of Molybdenum and Ruthenium and the Origin of Isotopic Anomalies in Murchison". Astrophysical Journal 647, n. 2 (20 agosto 2006): 1506–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/505459.

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Lockley, W. J. S., e D. Hesk. "Rhodium- and ruthenium-catalysed hydrogen isotope exchange". Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 53, n. 11-12 (settembre 2010): 704–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlcr.1815.

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Fischer-Gödde, Mario, Daniel Schwander e Ulrich Ott. "Ruthenium Isotope Composition of Allende Refractory Metal Nuggets". Astronomical Journal 156, n. 4 (4 ottobre 2018): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aadf33.

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37

Lummiss, Justin A. M., Adrian G. G. Botti e Deryn E. Fogg. "Isotopic probes for ruthenium-catalyzed olefin metathesis". Catal. Sci. Technol. 4, n. 12 (2014): 4210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cy01118j.

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Abstract (sommario):
13C-labelled Grubbs catalysts, RuCl2(L)(PCy3)(13CHR) (R = H, Ph), pinpoint the fate of the methylidene (benzylidene) moiety during metathesis and deactivation.
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Chen, J. H., D. A. Papanastassiou e G. J. Wasserburg. "Ruthenium endemic isotope effects in chondrites and differentiated meteorites". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 74, n. 13 (luglio 2010): 3851–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.04.013.

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Lockley, W. J. S., e D. Hesk. "ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium- and Ruthenium-Catalyzed Hydrogen Isotope Exchange". ChemInform 42, n. 27 (9 giugno 2011): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201127216.

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Bermingham, K. R., e R. J. Walker. "The ruthenium isotopic composition of the oceanic mantle". Earth and Planetary Science Letters 474 (settembre 2017): 466–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.06.052.

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41

Kielan, D., A. Marcinkowski e U. Garuska. "Isotopic effect in (n, p) reaction on ruthenium". Nuclear Physics A 559, n. 3 (giugno 1993): 333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(93)90157-s.

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42

Gunji, K., Z. Yoshida, T. Adachi e T. Komori. "Determination of fission product ruthenium by isotope dilution mass spectrometry". Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters 118, n. 3 (luglio 1987): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02169559.

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43

Kato, Nobuki, Yu Hamaguchi, Naoki Umezawa e Tsunehiko Higuchi. "Efficient oxidation of ethers with pyridine N-oxide catalyzed by ruthenium porphyrins". Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 19, n. 01-03 (gennaio 2015): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424615500297.

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Abstract (sommario):
We found that oxidation of cyclic ethers with the Ru porphyrin-heteroaromatic N-oxide system gave lactones or/and ring-opened oxidized products with regioselectivity. A relatively high kinetic isotope effect was observed in the ether oxidation, suggesting that the rate-determining step is the first hydrogen abstraction.
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44

Marković, Katarina, Radmila Milačič, Stefan Marković, Jerneja Kladnik, Iztok Turel e Janez Ščančar. "Binding Kinetics of Ruthenium Pyrithione Chemotherapeutic Candidates to Human Serum Proteins Studied by HPLC-ICP-MS". Molecules 25, n. 7 (26 marzo 2020): 1512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071512.

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Abstract (sommario):
The development of ruthenium-based complexes for cancer treatment requires a variety of pharmacological studies, one of them being a drug’s binding kinetics to serum proteins. In this work, speciation analysis was used to study kinetics of ruthenium-based drug candidates with human serum proteins. Two ruthenium (Ru) complexes, namely [(η6-p-cymene)Ru(1-hydroxypyridine-2(1H)-thionato)Cl] (1) and [(η6-p-cymene)Ru(1-hydroxypyridine-2(1H)-thionato)pta]PF6 (2) (where pta = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane), were selected. Before a kinetics study, their stability in relevant media was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Conjoint liquid chromatography (CLC) monolithic column, assembling convective interaction media (CIM) protein G and diethylamino (DEAE) disks, was used for separation of unbound Ru species from those bound to human serum transferrin (Tf), albumin (HSA) and immunoglobulins G (IgG). Eluted proteins were monitored by UV spectrometry (278 nm), while Ru species were quantified by post-column isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-ICP-MS). Binding kinetics of chlorido (1) and pta complex (2) to serum proteins was followed from 5 min up to 48 h after incubation with human serum. Both Ru complexes interacted mainly with HSA. Complex (1) exhibited faster and more extensive interaction with HSA than complex (2). The equilibrium concentration for complex (1) was obtained 6 h after incubation, when about 70% of compound was bound to HSA, 5% was associated with IgG, whereas 25% remained unbound. In contrast, the rate of interaction of complex (2) with HSA was much slower and less extensive and the equilibrium concentration was obtained 24 h after incubation, when about 50% of complex (2) was bound to HSA and 50% remained unbound.
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45

Yinghuai, Zhu, Effendi Widjaja, Shirley Lo Pei Sia, Wang Zhan, Keith Carpenter, John A. Maguire, Narayan S. Hosmane e M. Frederick Hawthorne. "Ruthenium(0) Nanoparticle-Catalyzed Isotope Exchange between10B and11B Nuclei in Decaborane(14)". Journal of the American Chemical Society 129, n. 20 (maggio 2007): 6507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja070210c.

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46

Bechtoldt, Alexander, e Lutz Ackermann. "Ruthenium(II)biscarboxylate‐Catalyzed Hydrogen‐Isotope Exchange by Alkene C−H Activation". ChemCatChem 11, n. 1 (29 ottobre 2018): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201801601.

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47

Chandler, W. David, Zhao Wang e Donald G. Lee. "Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of alcohols by tetrapropylammonium perruthenate". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 83, n. 9 (1 settembre 2005): 1212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-114.

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Abstract (sommario):
2-Propanol is oxidized by tetrapropylammonium perruthenate (TPAP) in a reaction that is second order in TPAP and first order in 2-propanol. One of the products, believed to be ruthenium dioxide, is an effective catalyst for the reaction, making it an autocatalytic process. The rate of oxidation is relatively insensitive to the presence of substituents. Primary kinetic deuterium isotope effects are observed when either the hydroxyl or the α hydrogen is replaced by deuterium. The only product obtained from the oxidation of cyclobutanol is cyclobutanone, indicating that the reaction is a two-electron process. Tetrahydrofuran is oxidized at a rate that is several orders of magnitude slower than that observed for 2-propanol, suggesting that the reaction of TPAP with alcohols may be initiated by formation of perruthenate esters. A tentative mechanism consistent with these observations is proposed.Key words: oxidation, alcohols, tetrapropylammonium perruthenate, reaction mechanism, autocatalysis.
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48

Greene, John P. "Preparation of isotopic ruthenium targets using an ion beam sputtering source". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 480, n. 1 (marzo 2002): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(01)02079-4.

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49

Asahara, Masahiro, Haruhiko Kurimoto, Masato Nakamizu, Shingo Hattori e Kazuteru Shinozaki. "H/D solvent isotope effects on the photoracemization reaction of enantiomeric the tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(ii) complex and its analogues". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, n. 11 (2020): 6361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp06758b.

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50

Fischer-Gödde, Mario, Bo-Magnus Elfers, Carsten Münker, Kristoffer Szilas, Wolfgang D. Maier, Nils Messling, Tomoaki Morishita, Martin Van Kranendonk e Hugh Smithies. "Ruthenium isotope vestige of Earth’s pre-late-veneer mantle preserved in Archaean rocks". Nature 579, n. 7798 (11 marzo 2020): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2069-3.

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