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1
Alpern, Ljudmila. "Mediation as a source of social development". Temida 9, n. 1 (2006): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0601021a.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this paper, the author deals with prison as an archaic social institution, which reflects an archaic conception of human being, his needs and duty, but exists in a modern society. Russian prisons are institutions of a male initiations as well as a Russian army. They give a special sort of male socialization, very archaic and military, patriarchal and hierarchal; produce a special kind of society divided on unmixed social groups, casts, and is very violent. Taking into account how many people go through prison in Russia (rotation near 300 people per year, every 4th man got in contact with prison and every 3rd with army) and a fact that prison and society are communicating vessels, our prisons, our prisoners and former prisoners are a good reserve of our social underdevelopment, social cruelty, our disability to promote social reforms, to take care about vulnerable group of our population (children, old people and female), because they are not a part of male prison and a military hierarchy. An attempt to modernize prison life, prison condition by different way and especially mediation as a way to make them softer and human is an attempt of social development.
2
Masyutin, Alexander S. "Vyatka Revolutionaries in the “Government Facility”: 1905—1913". Herald of an archivist, n. 3 (2018): 793–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2018-3-793-808.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article analyses various aspects of the life in prison of political prisoners of the Vyatka gubernia. Unpublished documents from the archives of Kirov and Moscow, on which this study is based, designate the subject of the study; that is, they allow to establish forms of resistance of political prisoners to prison regime, to identify patterns of their escapes, to trace dynamics in occupancy of political prisons in the Vyatka gubernia, to establish instances of interaction between representatives of different left parties while in penal institutions. The timeframe of the study is the period of the first Russian revolution of 1905-1908, when prisons ceased to be the tenement of few and far between ardent revolutionaries from the privileged strata of society, and swarmed with much less versed ideologically masses of the discontented. Thus, in view of a participant of the revolutionary events of 1905-1908, Socialists-Revolutionary Maximalist G. A. Nestroev, the ideological grounding of the political prisoners deteriorated significantly. The author, however, believes that this ‘diversity’ of prisoners allows to conduct a more thorough analysis of their public activity in prison and to better link the activities of prisoners with the people on whose behalf the revolutionary forces acted. The author focuses on the Socialists-Revolutionaries, as their percentage among prisoners was much higher than that of the Socialists-Democrats. Known for several high-profile assassinations, the former were considered more dangerous state criminals than the Socialists-Democrat ‘propagandists,’ and thus were subject to more severe punishments. After the October revolution 1917, the Bolsheviks created an extensive mythologized literature on fellow party members who served time in tsarist prisons but mentioned only several Socialists-Revolutionaries, and these were politically harmless, or deceased (like E. S. Sazonov), or attached to the Bolshevik party (like V. N. Rukhlyadev). Findings and conclusions of the article can be used in research of the later periods in the history of Russia and the Soviet Union, particularly, for comparison of the prisoners’ struggle with the prison administration and of the forms of assistance to prisoners from the outside in tzarist Russia and later.
3
Sarang, Anya, Lucy Platt, Inna Vyshemirskaya e Tim Rhodes. "Prisons as a source of tuberculosis in Russia". International Journal of Prisoner Health 12, n. 1 (14 marzo 2016): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-07-2014-0022.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze poor management of tuberculosis (TB) prevention and treatment and explore parameters and causes of this problem drawing on qualitative interviews with former prisoners and medical specialists in Kaliningrad Oblast in Russia. Design/methodology/approach – The authors undertook a qualitative study, to explore access to HIV and TB treatment for people who inject drugs in Kaliningrad. The authors interviewed (outside of prisons) 15 patients and eight health specialists using a semi-structured guide. The authors analyzed the accounts thematically and health consequences of imprisonment emerged as a major theme. Findings – Prisons are overcrowded and lack basic hygiene and infection control. Demand for medical services outstrip supply, HIV and TB prevention lacking, HIV and TB treatment is patchy, with no second-line drugs available for resistant forms. The prison conditions are generally degrading and unhealthy and many respondents perceived surviving prisons as a miracle. Cooperation with medical services in the community is poor. Research limitations/implications – The authors used qualitative research methods, which do not rely on a representative sample. However, many of the structural barriers preventing effective TB treatment and prevention highlighted in this paper have been noted elsewhere, suggesting that findings are likely to reflect conditions elsewhere in Russia. The authors tried to include all possible points of view, as of the medical staff and the patients. However, due to resistance of the officials the authors were unable to conduct interviews with employees of the FCS. Since all the interviews are recalling past experience, the situation may have changed. This does not undermine importance of the findings, as they shed light on particular treatment experiences, and development of prison health system. Originality/value – The paper contributes to the literature on prisons as a contributor to TB epidemic, including drug resistant forms. An urgent penitentiary reform in Russia should focus on HIV and TB prevention, case detection, availability of medications and effective treatments. Key to decreasing prison population and improving health is political reform aimed at introduction of effective drug treatment, de-penalization and de-criminalization of drug users and application of alternatives to incarceration.
4
Piacentini, Laura, e Elena Katz. "Carceral framing of human rights in Russian prisons". Punishment & Society 19, n. 2 (19 settembre 2016): 221–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1462474516665609.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper introduces to punishment and society scholarship a new carceral framing of human rights in Russian prisons. Russian imprisonment remains elusive to prison scholars and ethnographers around the world. Moreover, on the subject of prisoners’ rights specifically, the scholarship is dominated by legal discourse. The empirical and theoretical scholarship that has developed over the last twenty years has argued that Russian imprisonment is exceptional in the study of world penal systems with the research seeking to gain a sense of this exceptionality through looking at the inertial legacies of Gulag penal culture on present day punishment forms. This article attempts to challenge this claim and will argue that specifically in the area of human rights, Russia has followed a not dissimilar carceral formation to Western prisons. Through an interrogation of the cultural, political and historical factors underpinning how rights are framed in Russian prisons the article suggests that human rights are operationalised as a lever for legal and penal control. This is a significant new finding in the study of Russian imprisonment because of the questions that arise around penal resilience, how rights and penal power develop through discourse and how global penal norms converge across jurisdictions.
5
Khabriev, R. U., Boris A. Spasennikov, L. F. Pertli e S. A. Kopytkin. "DEVELOPMENT OF PENITENTIARY HYGIENE AND SANITATION IN RUSSIA (END XVIII-EARLY XX CENTURY)". Hygiene and sanitation 96, n. 8 (27 marzo 2019): 789–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-8-789-792.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article considers the historical aspect of sanitary development in the domestic penitentiary system. In 1788, the Regulations on Prisons were adopted, in which the sanitary requirements of the penitentiary systems of European states were used. Since 1819, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire organized sanitary affair. This provided the conditions for the development of penitentiary sanitation. The legal basis for sanitation for prisoners was established in 1831. In 1850 in prison died 1598 criminals of a 980,000 who were in prison (0.16%). This is evidence of a good level of sanitation in Russia at this time. In 1879, the Chief Prison Directorate of the Russian Empire appointed an inspector for the sanitary unit. He developed sanitary measures and coordinated their implementation. The role of professor A.P. Dobroslavina is shown in the development of penitentiary hygiene and sanitation. The primary link of the domestic penitentiary system was the administration of prisons. According to the law of June 15, 1887, doctors and paramedics were assigned to them. They organized and conducted sanitary measures. Treatment of sick prisoners and sanitation was carried out at the expense of the state. It was revealed that more attention was paid to the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Normative sanitary acts in the penitentiary system must have mandatory for the administration of places of detention. For the purposes of sanitary and epidemiological well-being, it is not possible to subordinate medical workers to the prison director. This was provided for by the General Prison Regulations of 1915. But, unfortunately, has not been implemented so far. The authors believe that the time has come to implement this norm in practice.
6
Lobacheva, T., V. Sazhin, E. Vdovichenko e J. Giesecke. "Pulmonary tuberculosis in two remand prisons (SIZOs) in St Petersburg, Russia". Eurosurveillance 10, n. 6 (1 giugno 2005): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.10.06.00547-en.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The tuberculosis (TB) situation in the Russian penitentiary system has received much attention. We performed a descriptive epidemiological study of TB in two St Petersburg remand prisons (SIZOs). The medical databases of the TB divisions in these prisons were searched for all diagnosed cases of TB from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2002. The main diagnostic method was chest x ray. The total number of reported TB cases in these two remand prisons during this three-year period was 876. Out of these, 432 were diagnosed at entry to prison, and 444 developed the disease during incarceration, with the proportion diagnosed during incarceration increasing over time. The majority of cases were aged under 30 years. TB incidence in Russian remand prisons is still very high and needs to be monitored closely.
7
Naumenko, Olga, Evgeny Naumenko, Tatiana Tkacheva, Lyudmila Blashkova e Svetlana Salmina. "Humanization of the Siberian prison and power: lessons from the imperial period of Russian history". SHS Web of Conferences 101 (2021): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110101012.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In 2020, the implementation of the 10-year concept for the development of the penal system, aimed at the humanization of prisoner welfare, was ended. The article examines the political result of a closely related reform – the gradual humanization of the Siberian prison in the 19th - early 20th century. The authors believe that the outcome of the prison reform in Russia, in contrast to Europe, was characterized by a weakening of the state power. Given the poverty of the Russian people, their disenfranchisement and unemployment, the material conditions in the reformed prisons were often better than those of law-abiding citizens at liberty. On the one hand, this hindered the reduction of crime rates, but, on the other hand, caused misunderstanding in Russian society, exacerbated the sense of injustice and projected it onto the state authorities.
8
Naumenko, O. N., M. Sh Almukhametova e M. G. Pinigin. "Labor Activity of Convicts in Conditions of Humanization of Imprisonment in Late 18<sup>th</sup> — Early 21<sup>st</sup> Centuries (Western Siberia)". Nauchnyi dialog 12, n. 2 (1 aprile 2023): 436–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-2-436-453.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The experience of attracting convicts to work in West Siberian prisons, including those located on the territory of the Arctic zone of Yugra in the late 18th — early 21st centuries, is considered. It is noted that this experience was introduced as part of the humanization of the penitentiary system according to the European model. The authors introduce the concept of “three-phase model” of humanization of the prison. The thesis is substantiated that in the history of Russia this model was implemented three times and necessarily included new principles for organizing the work of prisoners. The results of the last reform, which took place in 2010—2020 are compared with previous reforms and general patterns characteristic of Russia are identified. The purpose of the article is to determine the relationship between the model of work in places of detention and the stages of weakening / strengthening of political power. The study is carried out through the analysis of the organization of work of prisoners, since this factor is an indicator of the state of the law enforcement system, and it reflects the degree of stability of state power as a whole. The study concluded that in the conditions of Russia, the principles of organizing the work of prisoners should correspond to the ideas of justice that are characteristic of the Russian people. The authors argue that the “three-phase model” implemented several times for the humanization of the prison according to the European model always entails negative consequences for the Russian statehood.
9
Motroschilowa, Nelly. "Jelena Osnobkina (1959–2010)". Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie 69, n. 2 (1 aprile 2021): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dzph-2021-0024.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This archival feature serves to present the personality and philosophy of Elena Oznobkina (1959–2010), a key figure of late-Soviet and, later, Russian philosophy. Oznobkina pioneered the present-day reception of Martin Heidegger and Edmund Husserl in Russia, but also made substantial contributions to Nietzsche studies and political philosophy, which are detailed in Nelly Motrozhilova’s introduction. Her philosophical work was inseparable from her personal political engagement, to which the featured archival text (“Prison or Gulag?”, 2000) testifies. It gives a poignant and concise characterisation of the prison as an object of philosophical theory, while asking the question of where Soviet prison camps and the prisons of post-Soviet Russia are to be located within this field of thought.
10
Urinboyev, Rustamjon, e Judith Pallot. "Ethnic and religious identities in Russian penal institutions: A case study of Uzbek Transnational Muslim prisoners". Open Research Europe 3 (4 agosto 2023): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.16142.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Russia has become one of the main migration hubs worldwide following the collapse of the Soviet Union. The vast majority of migrant workers travel to Russia from three Central Asian countries. However, Russian immigration laws and policies are ambiguous and highly punitive. The result is that many migrants resort to undocumented status working in the shadow economy, which places them in a disadvantaged and precarious position. In this position they are vulnerable to becoming targets of the Russian criminal justice system as they take to crime to overcome economic uncertainty, become embroiled in interpersonal conflicts ending in violence, or fall victim to fabricated criminal charges initiated by Russian police officers under pressure to produce their monthly quota of arrests. The impact on Russian penal institutions is that they have become ethnically, culturally, and religiously diverse sites as a consequence of the incarceration of growing numbers of transnational prisoners. Using person-to-person interviews conducted in Uzbekistan with men and women who served sentences in Russian penal institutions during the past two decades, we show in this article how the large-scale migratory processes have transformed Russian prisons into sites of ethnic and religious plurality, in which formal rules and informal sub-cultures - the colony regime, so-called thieves' law (vorovskoy zakon), ethnic solidarity norms, and Sharia law - coexist and clash in new ways compared with the status quo ante. Thus, we argue there is a need to revise the prevailing understanding about the power dynamics in Russian penal institutions. Our findings undermine the prison service's insistence of the ethnic and ethno-religious neutrality and cosmopolitanism of Russian penal space, which is presented as a latter-day manifestation of the Soviet-era 'friendship of nations' policy. Russian prisons today must be understood as sites of ethnic and religious pluralism.
11
Urinboyev, Rustamjon, e Judith Pallot. "Ethnic and religious identities in Russian penal institutions: A case study of Uzbek Transnational Muslim prisoners". Open Research Europe 3 (9 gennaio 2024): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.16142.2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Russia has become one of the main migration hubs worldwide following the collapse of the Soviet Union. The vast majority of migrant workers travel to Russia from three Central Asian countries. However, Russian immigration laws and policies are ambiguous and highly punitive. The result is that many migrants resort to undocumented status working in the shadow economy, which places them in a disadvantaged and precarious position. In this position they are vulnerable to becoming targets of the Russian criminal justice system as they take to crime to overcome economic uncertainty, become embroiled in interpersonal conflicts ending in violence, or fall victim to fabricated criminal charges initiated by Russian police officers under pressure to produce their monthly quota of arrests. The impact on Russian penal institutions is that they have become ethnically, culturally, and religiously diverse sites as a consequence of the incarceration of growing numbers of transnational prisoners. Using person-to-person interviews conducted in Uzbekistan with men and women who served sentences in Russian penal institutions during the past two decades, we show in this article how the large-scale migratory processes have transformed Russian prisons into sites of ethnic and religious plurality, in which formal rules and informal sub-cultures - the colony regime, so-called thieves' law (vorovskoy zakon), ethnic solidarity norms, and Sharia law - coexist and clash in new ways compared with the status quo ante. Thus, we argue there is a need to revise the prevailing understanding about the power dynamics in Russian penal institutions. Our findings undermine the prison service's insistence of the ethnic and ethno-religious neutrality and 'cosmopolitanism' of Russian penal space, which is presented as a latter-day manifestation of the Soviet-era 'friendship of nations' policy. Russian prisons today must be understood as sites of ethnic and religious pluralism.
12
Timerzyanov, M. I. "Medical and social health problems of convicted and health care delivery to this category". Kazan medical journal 96, n. 6 (15 dicembre 2015): 1043–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17750/kmj2015-1043.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
An overview of the literature of domestic and foreign authors concerning the prisoners incarceration conditions and the health status, the most important disease groups and the medical support organization is presented. The prisoners health status significantly differs from the nationwide values, what is related to the maladgusted population stratum concentration, the prison conditions that facilitate some infectious diseases spread, and other factors. These problems are not isolated, as the majority of persons who are in prison, sooner or later return to the community. In the second half of the 1990s in Russia the leading in morbidity structure of convicted were respiratory diseases - 23.5% (respiratory viral infections, chronic non-specific lung disease, pneumonia, etc.); mental disorders - 19.6% (alcoholism, drug addiction), infectious and parasitic diseases - 17.3% (tuberculosis, sexually transmitted infections) diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue - 10.9% (scabies, pediculosis). In Russia during the 1990s, the death rate of prisoners increased by 3.2 times (from 323.0 to 1027.3 per 100 thousand of convicts). However, since the late 1990s, there is a steady decline in mortality, which is determined primarily by a decrease in prisoners mortality from tuberculosis. Doctors availability (excluding dentists) for persons who are in prisons in republic of Tatarstan is 45.4 per 10 thousand, nurses availability - 109.1. These values are higher than in the institutions of the Ministry of Health, in terms of doctors - by 3.2%, and nurses - 18.1%. Prisons represent an important public healthcare resources, allowing to identify, treat, and prevent a large group of diseases in complicated target group which is often difficult to get by civilian health services. Existing problems in the prisoners health, poor material and technical resources of medical services are due to inadequate funding of the Department of the correctional system. Lack of legal framework does not allow the administration to take into account features of the most vulnerable categories of prisoners.
13
Алфимова, О. А. "To the question of the state and legal regulation of prison medicine in penitentiary institutions of Russia in the XVIII–ХIХ centuries". Vestnik Kuzbasskogo instituta, n. 1(50) (18 marzo 2022): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.53993/2078-3914/2022/1(50)/152-158.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
В статье освещаются отдельные вопросы состояния и правовой регламентации медицинской помощи заключенным. Для пенитенциарной системы XVIII–XIХ вв. было характерно содержание больных заключенных, страдающих тяжелыми заболеваниями (туберкулез, тиф, цинга, холера и пр.), совместно с другими заключенными, и отсутствие необходимого количества тюремных больниц, что в свою очередь влекло высокий уровень смертности среди заключенных, а перевод больных в тюремные больницы не сопровождался при этом их дальнейшим освобождением от тюремного заключения. Кроме того, на рубеже второй половины XVII — начала XIХ вв. назрела острая необходимость создания специальных лечебных учреждений для заключенных, страдающих психическими и иными тяжелыми заболеваниями, и была она обусловлена следующими очевидными обстоятельствами: нахождение больных заключенных в обычных тюрьмах, не предназначенных для их содержания, препятствовало применению в отношении последних карательно-исправительного воздействия наказания, в основе которого лежал труд заключенных; содержание больных заключенных в одних тюрьмах со здоровыми способствовало большему распространению заболеваемости среди заключенных, что влекло дополнительные расходы для тюремной системы и потери в числе тех, кто был способен к привлечению каторжным работам. This article covers certain issues of state and legal regulation related to medical care for prisoners. The author concluded that the penitentiary system of the second half of the fifteenth and nineteenth centuries was characterized by the presence of sick prisoners suffering from serious illnesses. (tuberculosis, typhoid, zinc, cholera, etc.), together with other prisoners, the lack of the necessary number of prison hospitals, which in turn led to a high mortality rate among prisoners, and the transfer of patients to prison hospitals was not accompanied by their further release from prison. In addition, at the turn of the second half of the fifteenth and nineteenth centuries, there was an urgent need to establish special medical institutions for prisoners suffering from mental and other serious illnesses and it was due to the following obvious circumstances: the presence of sick prisoners in ordinary prisons that were not intended for their detention prevented the application of punishment to the latter, which was based on the work of prisoners; and the incarceration of sick prisoners in prisons with healthy conditions contributed to a greater incidence of morbidity among prisoners, resulting in additional costs to the prison system and losses among those who were able to attract hard labour.
14
Белова, Н. А. "Temporary hard labor prisons in the penitentiary system of Russia at the beginning of the 20th century". Vedomosti (Knowledge) of the Penal System, n. 2(249) (28 marzo 2023): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.51522/2307-0382-2023-249-2-38-50.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
В статье исследуется комплекс вопросов, связанных с местом и ролью временных каторжных тюрем в отечественной пенитенциарной системе начала ХХ века. Предметом исследования является деятельность данного вида тюремных учреждений в рассматриваемый хронологический период. Цель настоящей публикации – изучение истории создания и особенностей функционирования временных каторжных тюрем в начале ХХ столетия. Методологическую основу статьи составили принципы историзма и объективности, философские, общенаучные и специальные исторические методы: диалектический, системный, анализ, синтез, обобщение, историко-генетический, историко-сравнительный, ретроспективный, хронологический, типологический. В результате проведенного исследования прослежена эволюция системы временных каторжных тюрем, функционировавших на территории Европейской России в изучаемый период, выявлены специфика и динамика развития данных пенитенциарных учреждений, особенности содержания в них политических и уголовных арестантов каторжного разряда, проанализированы основные проблемы, с которыми сталкивались эти тюрьмы, а также способы их решения. Сделан вывод о необходимости изучения исторического опыта деятельности временных каторжных тюрем, имеющего как теоретическую, так и практическую значимость. The article examines a set of issues related to the place and role of temporary hard labor prisons in the domestic penitentiary system of the early twentieth century. The subject of the study is the activity of this type of prison institutions in the chronological period under consideration. The purpose of this publication is to study the history of the creation and features of the functioning of temporary hard labor prisons at the beginning of the 20th century. The methodological basis of the article was the principles of historicism and objectivity, philosophical, general scientific and special historical methods: dialectical, systemic, analysis, synthesis, generalization, historical-genetic, historical-comparative, retrospective, chronological, typological. As a result of the study, the evolution of the system of temporary hard labor prisons that functioned on the territory of European Russia in the period under study was traced, the specifics and dynamics of the development of these penitentiary institutions, the features of keeping political and criminal prisoners of the hard labor category in them were identified, the main problems these prisons faced were analyzed, as well as ways to solve them. It is concluded that it is necessary to study the historical experience of the activities of temporary hard labor prisons, which has both theoretical and practical significance.
15
Nesterov, A. Y. "INSTITUTE OF PROBATION SERVICE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION". BULLETIN 384, n. 2 (15 aprile 2020): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.60.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the article, based on the results of an empirical study, the development prospects of the probation service institute in the Russian Federation are presented. The probation service in Russia will focus on the development of juvenile probation in the Russian Federation, which will become the basis for ensuring the successful social adaptation of juvenile offenders in the post-prison period and their subsequent reintegration into modern Russian society. For the first time, the author of the article proposes the structure of the new Federal Law “On the Probation Service in the Russian Federation”. In the development and subsequent discussion in parliament of the Russian Federation of this bill, the author of the publication suggests paying attention to the section "The main activities of rehabilitation centers of the Federal Security Service of Russia". It is determined that the criminal-executive and criminal legislation in Russia as a whole establishes the principle of differentiating the appointment and execution of criminal punishment, especially for juvenile convicts serving criminal sentences in prisons. The problem of legal regulation of the activities of the organizations considered here is extremely acute today. The problem of legal regulation is associated with the post-prison adaptation of persons released from prison. Taking into account the experience of some foreign sovereign states of Asia and Europe, it is necessary to complete the work that has already begun and to adopt the Federal Law on Post-Prison - Social Adaptation of Persons Exempted from Criminal Punishment. The author also determined that penitentiary re-socialization of a convicted person is oriented towards full or partial restoration of social (life) skills, which allows a minor convicted person to reintegrate into society in the post-prison period, independently navigate the issues of obtaining a profession, employment, creating his own family, etc. A juvenile convict, while in prison, partially or completely loses family ties, loses contact with the outside world, friends, acquaintances, and even close relatives turn away from the teenager. But they are necessary for the teenager throughout the entire period of stay in places of deprivation of liberty, and especially after release from the colony in the first post-prison period. The author also proved that a teenager receives in prisons the necessary primary professional, cultural and aesthetic educational, social skills that will guide him in the process of social adaptation in one or another sphere of life. The material in this article does not contain information (information) relating to state secrets of the Russian Federation.
16
Ishkov, Yuriy Vladimirovich. "Medical, social and organizational fundamentals of ensuring safety of convicts in correctional institutions of federal penitentiary service of Russia". Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University 2020, n. 2 (11 novembre 2020): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2020-2-40-50.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article presents the analysis of medical, social and organizational problems to ensure the safety of convicts held in correctional institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. There has been stated the increasingly negative effect of the criminal environment on persons held in the above mentioned institutions. Socio-demographic and criminogenic factors are the most significant among the identified problems. Much attention is paid to ensuring the health of persons held in prisons in the Russian Federation, and to the importance of medical safety in the institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia to ensure the security of the convicted in the correctional institutions. In modern conditions there has been found a significant deterioration of the epidemiological situation in prisons (both in Russia and in the world) due to the large-scale spread of coronavirus infection (COVID-19). It is proposed to intensify sanitary and educational work among the convicted contingent and employees of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia
17
Elchaninov, Andrey Petrovich, e Olga Yurevna Elchaninova. "Agricultural prisons and colonies in the Russian Empire at the beginning of the twentieth Century: on the question of the expediency of creation and the problems of implementation". Вопросы безопасности, n. 2 (febbraio 2022): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7543.2022.2.35510.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In a rapidly changing world order, one of the strategic goals facing Russia at the moment is to ensure food security, which is an integral part of national security. In the Russian Federation, enterprises of various forms of ownership are currently involved in agriculture. Among them, a special place is occupied by specialized agricultural enterprises and subsidiary farms under the jurisdiction of the Federal Penitentiary Service, one of the main tasks of which is to ensure food security of the penal system. Unfortunately, the production capacities of these enterprises and their efficiency are currently insufficient, which is explained by a number of objective reasons. Meanwhile, the possibilities of the penitentiary system in the production of agricultural products, the restoration of agricultural land, the restoration of forests are quite large, which is now being talked about more and more often. The idea of using persons serving a prison sentence in the process of agricultural production is not new. At the turn of the XIX – XX centuries, these ideas were actively discussed both at international prison congresses and among Russian penitentiaries. Taking into account the relevance of the topic, this paper examines the main ideas of domestic penitentiaries on the creation of agricultural colonies and prisons in the Russian Empire, the advantages and disadvantages of correctional institutions of a new type in front of the prevailing imprisonment at that time. The conducted research allowed the authors to conclude that the main ideas developed at the beginning of the twentieth century by domestic lawyers on the creation of agricultural colonies and prisons remain relevant for Russia in the XXI century. The results of studies of the early twentieth century on the topic under consideration, after their thorough refinement, can be taken into account by modern lawyers when adjusting the concept of the development of the domestic penal system.
18
Ишков, Юрий Владимирович, e Yuriy Vladimirovich Ishkov. "Medical, social and organizational bases of staff security in penitentiary institutions of Russia". Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University 2019, n. 2 (19 novembre 2019): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2019-2-43-51.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article discusses various aspects of ensuring the safety of employees of the penal and correctional system in prisons of the Russian Federation at the present stage of development
of society. Particular attention is paid to the influence of a criminogenic environment on the penal and correctional system staff performing their official duties in pre-trial detention centers and cor-rectional facilities. The regulatory framework governing the procedure and conditions of service by the employees of the Russian penitentiary system has been characterized. Three main objects of security are distinguished: personality (its rights and freedoms), society (its material and spiritual values), state (its constitutional system, sovereignty and territorial value). The shortcomings in the work of the penal and correctional system, which have a negative impact on the safety of personnel of institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service, have been analyzed. The emphasis is placed on the need to ensure medical safety for prison staff and persons held in prisons
19
Mercer, A. J., B. Jacobs, S. Moon e J. Kynch. "Prisons and the tuberculosis epidemic in Russia". Journal of International Development 15, n. 5 (2003): 559–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.1003.
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20
Kozhukhov, N. A. "Penitentiary institutions of town of Morshansk at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries". History: facts and symbols, n. 4 (20 dicembre 2023): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2023-37-4-119-129.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction. The relevance of this article is due to the study of the penitentiary system of Russia at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries using the example of the county town of Morshansk, Tambov province. The chronological framework covers the period of Tsarist Russia at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century, as well as the period of the Civil War until its end. Based on the materials presented in the work, a comparative analysis is given, the result of the effectiveness of the state policy in the penitentiary sector using the example of a county town. By the end of the 19th century, imprisonment became the main type of punishment for criminals as a result of the modernization processes of the second half of the 19th century. The problems that persisted throughout the long period of formation of the prison system, namely the lack of funds for the improvement of prison institutions, constant overcrowding due to the increase in the number of crimes, were most clearly reflected in the district towns, therefore it would be fair to study the effectiveness of the policy of Tsarist Russia in this area using the example of district towns. After the revolutionary events of 1917, the penitentiary system experienced new changes in connection with the policies of the new government. The new places of detention that emerged on the ruins of old ones presented new problems in the penitentiary sphere during the Civil War. Specifying the Tambov province of this period, it is worth mentioning the peasant uprising of 1920-1921, during the suppression of which the concentration camp system was used. The new places of detention that have appeared in Morshansk are of substantive interest in the framework of the study of penitentiary policy in early Soviet Russia. Materials and methods. This study was based on archival documents of the State Archive of the Tambov Region, the State Archive of Socio-Political History of the Tambov Region, published documents on the Morshansky Zemstvo and materials reviews of the Tambov province. Thanks to the historical-systemic approach, the penitentiary systems of the ―two Russias‖ were analyzed. The statistical method showed the number of prisoners in Morshansk prisons for the specified period. Results. Based on the analysis of archival sources, a comparative analysis of the penitentiary models of Tsarist Russia and Russia of the period 1917-1922 was carried out using the example of the district town of Morshansk. The situation of the Morshansk prisons before 1917 confirmed the general conclusions about the penitentiary policy of Russia in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries with the problems of financing, conditions of serving sentences, and labor organization. The established concentration camp system during the Civil War in the Tambov province acted as a punitive measure during the suppression of the Tambov uprising, rather than as an evolutionary stage in the establishment of the penitentiary system of early Soviet Russia. Conclusion. The practical significance of the study is expressed in the local history study of the penitentiary systems of the "two Russias" on the example of the county town of Morshansk with the aim of further compiling a generalized work on the penitentiary sphere of Russia.
21
Kashaf, Sh R. "Means of communication and socio-legal aspects of interaction between subjects of religious-penitentiary space: the case of Muslims". Minbar. Islamic Studies 14, n. 4 (12 gennaio 2022): 819–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31162/2618-9569-2021-14-4-819-834.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Constitutional and Legal Institute of Religious Freedom in the Penitentiary System is subordinated to and regulated by the rules established by the Federal Executive Body exercising law enforcement functions in the fi eld of execution of sentences (FSIN of Russia). Finding themselves isolated from society, ethnic and practising Muslims, sentenced to imprisonment, feel forced restrictions on the religious freedom. The time and place of Muslims who perform religious rites and rituals are regulated by the documents issued by the Ministry of Justice of Russia were outlined the internal regulations for correctional institutions. The state is entrusted with the duty to provide in prisons a special environment, which would enable the spiritual nourishment of Muslims, whose rights to freedom of religious life are supported by centralized Islamic religious organizations. The civil institutions exercise public control over this implementation. At the same time, the Russian State is increasingly interested in interacting with the main subjects of the religious and penitentiary space. Among them there are offi cial structures of the Islamic Ummah, sending educated imams and Islamic theologians for religious service in prisons, representatives of the Islamic expert community, also there are Public Councils on the problems of the penitentiary system under the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. The present author considers the activities of Muslim spiritual departments to provide prison libraries with religious literature (the Holy Quran and semantic translations, the Hadith of Prophet Muhammad, His biography, books on Islamic law) as well as the best examples of religious literature, which manifest the traditional values of Russian Islam and the imperatives of a positive socio-cultural environment to be the signifi cant means of communication in the religious-penitentiary environment.
22
Oleinik, Anton. "The Social Life of Illegal Drug Users in Prison: A Comparative Perspective". European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 21, n. 2 (2013): 185–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718174-21022026.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Different degrees of criminalization of illegal drug use influence the overall composition of prison populations across countries. Individuals convicted of illegal drug-related crimes represent a significant part of the prison population in Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine. These convicts are not a part of the traditional criminal milieu, but a product of the perception of certain acts as crimes in particular contexts (e.g., an increasing social distance, the state’s control over potentially dangerous groups, etc.). The experience of incarceration might cause important changes in their life after release. The idea that prison contributes to the interiorization of criminal norms rather than preventing deviant behavior in the future seems especially fruitful in regard to illegal drug users. Elements of prison subculture are described on the basis of an empirical research conducted in 1996-2003 in Russian prisons (N = 769 (49 of these were convicted in relation to illegal drugs) in 2000-2001; and N = 214 (24) in 2003). The social organization of everyday life of inmates convicted of drug-related offences in Russia, Kazakhstan (N = 396 (76) in 2001) and Ukraine (N = 208 (26) in 2003) is compared with that of other convicts to test the hypothesis about the lack of significant differences between the two groups.
23
Белова, Н. А. "Types of prison labor in Russian prisons in the 19th - early 20th centuries". Vedomosti (Knowledge) of the Penal System, n. 2(237) (15 luglio 2022): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51522/2307-0382-2022-237-2-28-39.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
В статье на основе анализа научных работ, опубликованных и неопубликованных доку-ментов, материалов периодической печати рассматриваются сферы приложения труда заключенных втюремных заведениях России в XIX – начале XX века. Предметом исследования является арестантскийтруд и его видовое разнообразие. Методологическую основу статьи составили принципы объективно-сти и историзма, а также философские, общенаучные и специальные исторические методы: диалек-тический, системный, анализ, синтез, обобщение, историко-генетический, историко-сравнительный,типологический, ретроспективный, хронологический. Цель исследования – изучение историческогоопыта применения различных видов арестантского труда. В результате проведенной работы обобще-на и систематизирована информация по вопросам организации и нормативного закрепления видоварестантских работ, применявшихся в России в XIX – начале XX века внутри мест заключения и заих пределами, созданию тюремных мастерских. Показана заинтересованность государства в занятииарестантов производительными работами, полезными для них самих, важными в хозяйственном отно-шении для мест заключения и приносящими доход казне. Также уточнена степень распространенностиразличных видов арестантских работ, применявшихся в тюремных учреждениях. Выявлены основныенедостатки организации труда арестантов в рассматриваемый период. Сделан вывод о необходимостиизучения накопленного опыта применения различных видов арестантского труда, возможности егозаимствования и использования на практике. Based on the analysis of scientific works, published and unpublished documents, materials of theperiodical press, the article examines the areas of application of the labor of prisoners in prison institutions in Russiain the 19th – early 20th centuries. The subject of the study is prison labor and its diversity. The methodologicalbasis of the article was the principles of objectivity and historicism, as well as philosophical, general scientific andspecial historical methods: dialectical, systemic, analysis, synthesis, generalization, historical-genetic, historicalcomparative,typological, retrospective, and chronological. The goal of the research is to learn the historicalexperience of using various types of prison labor. As a result of the work carried out, information was summarizedand systematized on the organization and normative consolidation of the types of prison work used in Russia in the19th – early 20th centuries inside and outside detention facilities, and the creation of prison workshops. The interestof the state in engaging prisoners in productive work, useful for themselves, economically important for places ofdetention and bringing income to the treasury is shown. Also clarified the prevalence of various types of prisonwork used in prisons. The main shortcomings of the organization of work of prisoners in the period under revieware revealed. It is concluded that it is necessary to study the accumulated experience of using various types of prisonlabor, the possibility of borrowing it and using it in practice.
24
Belyakov, Andrey V. "«SPECIAL» PRISONS FOR NOBILITY IN 17th CENTURY RUSSIA?" Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University (Jurisprudence), n. 4 (2019): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18384/2310-6794-2019-4-9-17.
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Plekh, Olesya A. "Staffing provincial prisons in the first half of the 19th century (based on the materials of Northern European Russia)". Historia provinciae – the journal of regional history 6, n. 1 (2022): 86–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/2587-8344-2022-6-1-2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article is devoted to the problems of staffing provincial penitentiary institutions in the first half of the 19th century. The study was based on the legislation that established the procedure for assigning to the positions and the data on the condition of penitentiary institutions in Northern European Russia. The results obtained led to the conclusion that the staffing problems were solved as the penitentiary system developed and were directly dependent on the condition of the places of detention. In the first quarter of the 19th century, when the formation of the network of penal and correctional institutions was a costly and lengthy process involving the construction of buildings for them, prison superintendents were appointed only as an exception; formally, the prisoners were under the custody of the mayors, but in reality they were under the supervision of the sentries from the internal guard. The legislation of the second quarter of the 19th century paid attention to the legal status of superintendents and warders, their powers, duties, and conditions of service for the first time, gradually elaborating the requirements for candidates for these positions. Preference was given to the retired military men: to the officials holding a rank, for the vacancies of superintendents; to lower ranks from the internal guard who had retired because of wounds, for the vacancies of warders. Although from the end of the 1830s the posts of superintendents were filled on a regular basis, not every prison castle had a full complement of employees. Throughout the period under study, prison employees were not included in the staffing tables of local institutions and were regulated individually on the initiative from below. In these conditions, in its reports, the governorate administration proceeded from the needs and current tasks, without seeking to inflate the prison staff and thereby increase the tax burden on the population, since the costs of maintaining penitentiary institutions, including salaries for employees, were covered by town communities and in the event of lack of funds, by general zemstvo dues. In the 1840s, staffing issues were overshadowed by a more significant problem: in many towns, the old wooden prisons had to be replaced with new stone buildings that would correspond to the “model” project designs and requirements for the maintenance of prisoners.
26
Borodina, E. V. "“Accidental Victims” of Trial and Investigation: Problem of Keeping Suspects and Defendants in Russian Empire in 1725—1741". Nauchnyi dialog 11, n. 4 (20 maggio 2022): 397–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2022-11-4-397-418.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article is devoted to the problem of the arrest of suspects in Russia in 1725—1741. As a result of the analysis of historiography and historical sources, the author came to the conclusion that the history of the court in Russia in the early modern period is inextricably linked with the history of places of detention, since Russian prisons of the 18th century were intended primarily to hold defendants, and not to punish criminals. The study of normative legal acts of the middle of the 17th century — 1741 showed that the arrest as a measure necessary for the timely presentation of litigants to the court was officially stipulated for the first time in the decree “On the form of the court” of November 5, 1723. A comparison of the norms of laws and the actual practice of legal proceedings of central and regional institutions revealed that the institution of arrest of suspects and defendants was not properly regulated. It was a “blind spot” in legislation that led to prison overcrowding. The rule on the arrest of suspects was aggravated by the introduction in the reign of Peter the Great of a revision-decisive procedure for approving sentences and reviewing court cases, which concerned serious crimes, and a significant extent of the territory of Russia.
27
Artyom Y. Nesterov,. "THE RIGHT OF JUVENILE CONVICTS TO PERSONAL SAFETY IN PRISONS OF THE FEDERAL PENITENTIARY SERVICE OF RUSSIA: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECT". BULLETIN 6, n. 388 (15 dicembre 2020): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.207.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article is devoted to one of the urgent problems of ensuring the personal safety of juvenile convicts in prison. The theoretical and methodological study of the analyzed phenomenon allowed us to single out the general opinion of scientists and the factors that determine the current state of personal safety of juvenile convicts in educational colonies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, in the pre-trial detention centers of the Russian Federal Penitentiary Service, as well as at the stages of going to the place of serving the criminal sentence in in the form of deprivation of liberty and those under investigation for crimes committed in places of deprivation of liberty. The author of the article analyzes the provisions established in article 13 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, the right of all convicted persons, as well as persons in custody in the pre-trial detention center of the Russian Federal Penitentiary Service, to trial for personal security is guaranteed by the penitentiary institutions of the Russian Federal Penitentiary Service, and this right is ensured by the following imperatives: 1). Article 13 of the Law of the Russian Federation of July 21, 1993 No. 5473-I "On Institutions and Bodies Executing Criminal Sentences of Imprisonment"; 2). Article 19 of the Federal Law of July 15, 1995 No. 103-FL "On the Detention of Suspects and Accused of Committing Crimes". The article analyzes legal scientific literature on the expression of various opinions of researchers regarding the personal safety of juvenile convicts in prison. The author completely agreed with many of the stated points of theoretical researchers, and at the same time formulating the following proposition. The author, in turn, determines that the problem of personal security of juvenile convicts in places of deprivation of liberty is also of great importance for the relations that are taking shape in the Russian penal system as a whole. This is due to the fact that punishment always involves the restriction of the rights and freedoms of persons who committed crimes in the educational colonies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, and, as a result, the special nature of the relationship between the staff of the penitentiary institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia and convicts. So, the urgency of the problem today is, first of all, ensuring personal security, as well as the constitutional rights and legitimate interests of juvenile convicts in the investigation of crimes committed in the institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, is also manifested in the fact that depriving citizens of their freedom, the state agrees to comply their legal status, to protect the life and health of the convict. It should be noted that the concentration of persons who committed crimes in prisons, a significant proportion of which are grave and especially grave, as well as a number of other reasons entail a real threat of new crimes committed by prisoners of various nature and degree of public danger. In this regard, there is the possibility of unlawful influence on juvenile convicts who are participants in the criminal process in the framework of a case instituted on the fact of committing a crime in the institution of the Russian penal system. As a result, the author’s concept is formulated - “Ensuring personal security, rights and legal interests of juvenile convicts”. This material presented in the article does not contain information (information) related to state secrets of the Russian Federation.
28
Novak, Margarita, Sergey Borisov, Angelina Goraynova e Natalia Grigorenko. "The reflection of the punishment practice of heterodoxy in the subculture of prisons of the past centuries". SHS Web of Conferences 72 (2019): 03019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20197203019.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article presents the attitude of prisoners of the past centuries in Russia to punishment, their fate, which they represented in the form of song creation and various metaphorical images. These images have passed through time and are associated with the perception of the prison as a special space. Therefore the authors use already described examples how a prison could look at the end of the Middle Ages.
29
Ivanov, A. A., S. L. Kuras e T. L. Kuras. "Administration of Alexandrovskaya Central Penal Colony (1873-1917)". Nauchnyi dialog 13, n. 3 (25 aprile 2024): 384–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2024-13-3-384-404.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article explores the formation and activities of the administration of the Alexandrovskaya Central Penal Colony, which played a significant role within the Main Prison Administration of the Russian Empire. The management structure of the Alexandrovskaya Central Penal Colony is examined, along with the staffing schedule of employees. The article also delves into the personnel policy from the establishment of the prison in 1873 until the radical restructuring of the penitentiary system in Russia after the 1917 revolution. Instructional letters outlining the authorities of prison staff are analyzed, as well as the working hours and conditions specific to inmate management at Alexandrovskaya prison. The article scrutinizes the amount of monetary compensation for prison officials and compares it to income levels in other regional prisons. The staffing levels of managerial employees in the prison castle are investigated. Despite low incomes, disorganization in their personal lives, and high levels of daily work stress, there was virtually no turnover among staff. Through examples of individual wardens, it is revealed that they showed a committed attitude towards their duties, striving to make the prison an exemplary institution. The article establishes the fact of career advancement for employees of the Alexandrovskaya Central Penal Colony within the penitentiary system of Irkutsk Province.
30
Titterton, Mike, Helen Smart e Sarah Pelling-Deeves. "Promoting women’s health in prisons in North-West Russia". International Journal of Health Promotion and Education 57, n. 3 (17 dicembre 2018): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14635240.2018.1557540.
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31
Родионов, Алексей, e Aleksey Rodionov. "ECONOMIC SECURITY PROVISION OF RUSSIAN PENITENTIARY SYSTEM’S PRODUCTION SECTOR". Russian Journal of Management 7, n. 1 (19 giugno 2019): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/article_5d0a429585cb50.92719319.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article presents the results of the study of economic security provision processes of the Russian Federation penitentiary system’s production sector. The directions of the analysis of priority needs in ensuring the economic security of the national penitentiary system are determined. The contingent of convicts held in penitentiary institutions of Russia is structured. The prognostic changes in structure and dynamics trends of the number of certain categories of criminals held in Russian prisons are substantiated. The directions of improvement of existing methods and mechanisms of economic security management of the Russian penitentiary system are offered.
32
STERN, VIVIEN. "Problems in Prisons Worldwide, with a Particular Focus on Russia". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 953b, n. 1 DRUG-RESISTAN (dicembre 2001): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb11367.x.
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33
Piacentini, Laura, e Gavin Slade. "Architecture and attachment: Carceral collectivism and the problem of prison reform in Russia and Georgia". Theoretical Criminology 19, n. 2 (30 aprile 2015): 179–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362480615571791.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article looks at the trajectory of prison reform in post-Soviet Georgia and Russia. It attempts to understand recent developments through an analysis of the resilient legacies of the culture of punishment born out of the Soviet period. To do this, the article fleshes out the concept of carceral collectivism, which refers to the practices and beliefs that made up prison life in Soviet and now post-Soviet countries. The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 revealed a penal culture in notable need of reform. Less obvious, in retrospect, was how over the course of a century this predominantly ‘collectivist’ culture of punishment was instantiated in routine penal practices that stand in opposition to western penalities. The article shows how the social and physical structuring of collectivism and penal self-governance have remained resilient in the post-Soviet period despite diverging attempts at reform in Russia and Georgia. The article argues that persistent architectural forms and cultural attachment to collectivism constitute this resilience. Finally, the article asks how studies of collectivist punishment in the post-Soviet region might inform emerging debates about the reform and restructuring of individualizing, cell-based prisons in western jurisdictions.
34
Harding, Christopher. "‘The inevitable end of a discredited system’? The Origins of the Gladstone Committee Report on Prisons, 1895". Historical Journal 31, n. 3 (settembre 1988): 591–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00023505.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
According to several contemporary observers, the British prison system at the end of the nineteenth century was in a savage and deplorable state. A series of articles in The Daily Chronicle in January 1894 referred to these prisons as ‘our dark places’. They were managed by a man a few years later accredited with a ‘barbaric philosophy’. The severity of this prison system was said to be legendary even in Russia. This school of observation then developed the view that the penal system was rescued by the recommendations of an influential home office report published in 1895. Named after its chairman, the then under secretary at the home office, Herbert Gladstone, this report was welcomed as ‘the beginning of a beneficient revolution’. Upon its publication, the man vilified in The Daily Chronicle, the chairman of the prison commissioners, Sir Edmund Du Cane, resigned his post; the newspaper greeted this event as ‘the inevitable end of a discredited system’. How correct was this perception of the late nineteenth-century British prison system?
35
Bakharev, Dmitry V., Leonid I. Gamanenko, Mikhail L. Musharatsky e Andrey A. Ustinov. "Russian Crime of the Past Decade: Is the Time of Illusions Over?" International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 10 (14 luglio 2021): 1112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.129.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of the study is by analyzing the state and dynamics of crime in Russia over the past decade (2010-2020): 1) to identify the factors that influenced the criminal activity of the Russian population during this period; 2) determine the main directions of the then implemented state criminal policy; 3) assess its effectiveness. Research methods: method of summary and grouping of statistical observation materials, analysis of absolute and relative values (structure, intensity and dynamics), analysis of series of dynamics. The results of the study indicate that, since 2015, there has been a progressive increase in crime in Russia, due to unfavorable trends in the development of the socio-economic sphere. During this period, there was also a significant discrepancy between the data of official crime statistics and the real situation in the field of crime. This discrepancy was due to large-scale transformation processes taking place in the sphere of the state’s criminal policy. Accordingly, the decrease in the amount and level of official crime in Russia in 2016-2018 was a consequence of these processes, while the real crime continued to grow all these three years. However, the sharp increase in crimes against property committed through the use of information and communication technologies, which began in Russia several years ago, ultimately could not but be reflected in the data of official crime statistics – in the past two years, an increase in both the amount and the level of crime has been recorded in the state. Russian law enforcement agencies have so far shown their unwillingness to offer serious resistance to digital crime. Russian law enforcement agencies have so far demonstrated their unwillingness to offer serious resistance to digital crime. The situation is significantly complicated by the fact that a significant part of crimes in the sphere of information and communication technologies is committed by inmates of Russian prisons. This means that today, in addition to a strong external influence from the criminal environment, the country’s law enforcement system is also experiencing a powerful endogenous influence from the criminals who are already serving their sentences in prisons.
36
Urbanek, Arkadiusz. "Pragmatic and Universal Dimension of Socialisation. Perspective of Experiences of Prisoners – Citizens of Former USSR". Pedagogika 116, n. 4 (22 dicembre 2014): 240–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2014.061.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The basic aim of these reflections is to answer the question what is the retrospective picture of socialisation processes, as seen by the researched prisoners. Such general issue combines the interpretation of socialisation, perception of its overt and hidden meaning, as well as personal reflection regarding own experiences. Taking the above into account, the author attempted to present individual, biographical experiences of a very specific group, i.e. citizens of Russia and former Soviet republics, whose period of childhood proceeded in the 1970s and 1980s. The interviews were conducted among a group of prisoners currently serving sentence in Polish prisons, but socialised during the period of Soviet Union. The methodological procedure followed qualitative research paradigm, oriented at reconstruction of experiences from the childhood and youth.
37
Provotorova, S. V. "The Incidence of Chickenpox in Penal Institution of the Lipetsk Region". Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention 19, n. 2 (16 maggio 2020): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2020-19-2-87-94.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Relevance. Chickenpox is one of the most common infections in Russia and retains a stable 2–3 place in the structure of infectious morbidity. The conditions of the closed adult community in the institutions of the penal correction system pose high risks for the occurrence of group cases of Chickenpox , and this disease in adults can pose a threat to life.Aims. Incidence rate of chickenpox among convicts detained in correctional institutions of the prison system of Lipetsk region in 2009–2018.Materials & Methods. The statistical data of the branch CGSN of the Federal Penitentiary Institution MCH-48 of the Federal Penitentiary System of Russia were to analyse the incidence of chickenpox by prisons in the penitentiary system of the Lipetsk Region for the period from 2009 to 2018.The materials of the study were forms of federal state statistical observation for 2009–2018. The method of retrospective epidemiological analysis was used. statistical data processing was performed using Microsoft Excel.Results. Cases of chickenpox among adults serving sentences in places of deprivation of liberty of Lipetsk region are recorded annually. The incidence rates among prisoners are 2 times higher than among adults in the Russian Federation. Sources of infection were relatives and convicts, patients with herpes zoster. There are statistically significant differences in first-time and re-convicted morbidity (p < 0.05). More than half (73.6%) of the cases of chickenpox occur in autumn-winter. Between 2009 and 2018, group cases were recorded with 2 to 7 people involved in the epidemic process. Consequently, conditions exist in correctional facilities for the epidemic spread of chickenpox.Conclusions. In order to prevent the occurrence and development of group cases of disease, it is proposed to introduce vaccine prevention of persons who have not suffered from chickenpox in history.
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Provotorova, S. V. "The Incidence of Chickenpox in Penal Institution of the Lipetsk Region". Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention 19, n. 2 (16 maggio 2020): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2020-20-2-87-94.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Relevance. Chickenpox is one of the most common infections in Russia and retains a stable 2–3 place in the structure of infectious morbidity. The conditions of the closed adult community in the institutions of the penal correction system pose high risks for the occurrence of group cases of Chickenpox , and this disease in adults can pose a threat to life.Aims. Incidence rate of chickenpox among convicts detained in correctional institutions of the prison system of Lipetsk region in 2009–2018.Materials & Methods. The statistical data of the branch CGSN of the Federal Penitentiary Institution MCH-48 of the Federal Penitentiary System of Russia were to analyse the incidence of chickenpox by prisons in the penitentiary system of the Lipetsk Region for the period from 2009 to 2018.The materials of the study were forms of federal state statistical observation for 2009–2018. The method of retrospective epidemiological analysis was used. statistical data processing was performed using Microsoft Excel.Results. Cases of chickenpox among adults serving sentences in places of deprivation of liberty of Lipetsk region are recorded annually. The incidence rates among prisoners are 2 times higher than among adults in the Russian Federation. Sources of infection were relatives and convicts, patients with herpes zoster. There are statistically significant differences in first-time and re-convicted morbidity (p < 0.05). More than half (73.6%) of the cases of chickenpox occur in autumn-winter. Between 2009 and 2018, group cases were recorded with 2 to 7 people involved in the epidemic process. Consequently, conditions exist in correctional facilities for the epidemic spread of chickenpox.Conclusions. In order to prevent the occurrence and development of group cases of disease, it is proposed to introduce vaccine prevention of persons who have not suffered from chickenpox in history.
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Reent, Yaroslav, e Nikolay Kiyko. "Legal regulation of public control over ensuring the rights of convicts: the experience of Russia and Belarus". International penitentiary journal 1, n. 2 (29 agosto 2019): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.33463/2712-7737.2019.01(1-3).2.099-117.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The penitentiary service is a part of the state law enforcement system and its activities are related to the interests of society. In this case, the process of execution of criminal penalties may be accompanied with harm to law enforcement interests of persons detained in prisons. The practice of penitentiary services around the world shows that there are still cases of violations of the rights and freedoms of convicts. That is why special attention has been paid to the involvement of various social groups for monitoring the rights of convicts. In each individual state, the system of control over the activities of the penitentiary service varies depending on the social and state system, the type of legal system, and the level of development of democracy. At the same time, regardless of these factors, the control over the penitentiary service is expressed in the collection of information about the activities of penitentiary institutions, the detection of violations in their work, and at the final stage in the notification of the competent authorities about the violations, monitoring the elimination of violations and shortcomings, informing the public of the results of their work. Exercising control, most democratic states draw attention to the fact that prisons, as an important part of public life, must be information-based, open and democratic. The main task of monitoring should be to ensure compliance with generally accepted ethical standards in the execution of penalties related to isolation from society. So, according to the professor of the International center for prison studies at the University of London Vivien Stern: «The international community has said, and international law has also noted, that the whole process of depriving a human being of liberty from the moment of arrest to the moment of release from a correctional institution must be humane. Humane means ethical. Throughout this process, we must remember that a prisoner is a human being like us and has the right to have his or her human nature respected». The presented work is devoted to the description and analysis of legal regulation of public control over ensuring the rights of convicts in Russia and Belarus. The review reveals the actual problems of normative regulation activities of public control subjects, as well as provides a comparative legal analysis of the regulatory framework of Russia and Belarus in this area.
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Ignatova, Anna, Svetlana Dubiley, Valentina Stepanshina e Igor Shemyakin. "Predominance of multi-drug-resistant LAM and Beijing family strains among Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates recovered from prison inmates in Tula Region, Russia". Journal of Medical Microbiology 55, n. 10 (1 ottobre 2006): 1413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.46575-0.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The genotypic characteristics and drug susceptibility profiles of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis recovered from prison hospital patients in the Tula region (central Russia) during 2001 and 2002 are reported. The emergence of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) poses a major health risk to the population, with economic implications for TB control. Prisons serve as a continuous source of TB transmission. The results showed that members of the LAM and Beijing families are major contributors to the epidemiological picture of TB in the population studied. The two families of strains accounted for most of the drug-resistant TB in the population. The genotypic characteristics of the M. tuberculosis predominant LAM strain that was responsible for 31 % of TB cases in this setting are presented.
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Роман Александрович, Пупыкин. "CHALLENGES TO POWER DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LATIN AMERICAN AND RUSSIAN CASES". STATE AND MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT SCHOLAR NOTES 1, n. 1 (marzo 2022): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2079-1690-2022-1-1-197-203.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article analyzes the social and economic consequences of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic based on Russian and Latin American cases. The choice is made due to the similarities of economic systems and the structure of state authorities. Political errors of the authorities, their causes, and effects for the countries of Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, and Russia are under consideration. The implications for the penitentiary systems of the countries are compared and analyzed: Latin America followed global recommendations and reduced the number of detentions, increased the number of paroles; isolation and strict restrictions on visits were introduced in Russian prisons. The author highlighted the risks and vulnerabilities for the development of the Russian and Latin American regions, which are caused by the pandemic, including the ones on the international scale. The consequence of the pandemic was a change in the structure of government bodies in the compared regions, an increase in prices for raw materials, a crisis of migrants, personal psychological problems, etc. It is concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America and Russia has led to the aggravation of previously existing problems in the social, economic, and political spheres of states.
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Shoshin, Sergey V. "Electronic Documents and Libraries in Imprisonment Places of Russia: Problems with Access to Information". Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science], n. 6 (7 dicembre 2012): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2012-0-6-39-42.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In modern Russian conditions the number of persons held in isolation from society, is about 1 million people. Persons serving a sentence of actual imprisonment upon conviction, shall have access to the values concentrated in the libraries. Users of library services in prisons can get the information for their self-education with the help of the Internet .
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Zolotareva, A. A. "The Role of Apathy in the Formation of Depression Syndrome in Male Prisoners". Psychology and Law 11, n. 1 (2021): 2–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2021110101.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article presents the results of a research work on the role of apathy in the formation of depression syndrome in male prisoners. Basing on the questionnaire polling results of men (N = 151) serving their sentences in one of the maximum security penal colonies in Omsk, an empirical model was built indicating that the formation of depression syndrome in male prisoners is a complex step-by-step process with early stages involving manifestation of hopelessness, boredom and loneliness and with apathy joining in at later stages. The analysis of social and demographic characteristics revealed that a prisoner's age, family situation, children, education, the sentence served or the charges of which he was convicted have no effect on his psychological symptoms (the prisoners' educational level is only found to influence the way hopelessness is experienced). The data obtained suggest that there is a necessity for educational activities in prisons and also indicate a potential utility of the results in the field of anti-crysis therapy for prisoners in Russia.
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Tarasov, Maxim Yu. "A New Element in the Extradition Procedure". Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, n. 464 (2021): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/464/29.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of the article is to justify a new element in the procedure for the extradition of a person for criminal prosecution or sentence execution. This element is the checking for compliance with internationally recognized standards of the conditions of the possible detention before trial, incarceration, as well as during transfer, in the country this person is extradited to. The source basis of the study were materials of the European Court of Human Rights, courts of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, the Main Directorate of International Legal Cooperation of the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation, materials of checks of confinement conditions in Russian penitentiary institutions. Materials of checks of confinement conditions in specific penitentiary institutions have been supplemented with materials of checks of conditions for transferring prisoners in the Russian Federation. The study is based on the application of the method of participatory observation expressed in the collection of factual material during direct participation in the work of the Main Directorate of International Legal Cooperation of the General Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation in organizing checks by foreign experts of the confinement conditions of prisoners when deciding on extradition. Methods of observation, interviewing, experiment, analysis, comparison, and others were also used. The analysis of the available materials and the author’s own practice showed that foreign partners began to actively use information about unsatisfactory confinement conditions in prisons in specific cases as a basis for refusal to extradite people to Russia. When deciding on the extradition of persons detained at the request of the Russian side for criminal prosecution, the practice of foreign partners has introduced the organization of regular checks of the alleged confinement conditions in the Russian Federation on specific criminal cases in relation to specific persons. In order to overcome the emerging problems, on a contractual basis, foreign authoritative specialists are organizing inspections of the conditions in various penitentiary institutions. The results of such inspections in specific penitentiary institutions are of direct importance in matters of extradition in specific cases. On the basis of this material, the need was justified to include an additional element in the theoretical and legislative model of extradition, which no one has yet mentioned in the legal literature – checking the conditions of the possible detention of the extradited person before trial and incarceration. In order to overcome the negative trends, a set of measures at three different levels has been proposed to bring the conditions of the person extradited during the transfer to Russia in line with internationally recognized standards.
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Kuznetsova, Yulia Vladimirovna. "General-criminal prisons of the Russian Empire in the XIX century (on the example of the Orenburg province)". Samara Journal of Science 8, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2019): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201981206.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper attempts to provide, on the basis of archival and published materials, a brief description of the state of general prisons in the Russian Empire in the 19th century on the example of the Orenburg province. In the first half of the XIX century, many prison buildings were in a dilapidated state, most of them were wooden. The prisoners suffered from overcrowding, they were not separated by sex and age, the sick were kept together with the healthy ones, they were hungry, they lived in begging. Very often the premises for prisons were private rental houses. There were no medical personnel in prisons, there were epidemics that led to a huge increase in mortality. As for the work, in the first half of the XIX century in prison locks and guards it was introduced in the rarest cases, since there were no special rooms for this. In the post-reform period, many prison premises were repaired, premises began to be rented for hospitals, the prisoners diet improved in the 1980s. The payment for arrest labor was introduced, the educational activity in prisons improved. Despite the measures taken by the government, the state of ordinary prisons in the southern Urals throughout the XIX century was still deplorable due to the fact that there was not enough money, or the local administration was not interested in improving the situation of the prisoners and the state of the prisons themselves.
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Maslennikova, Valeria A. "“THE EDGE OF EXILE, UNWELCOMEˮ: SOME FEATURES OF KEEPING WOMEN IN PRISONS OF THE TAURIDE PROVINCE IN THE MIDDLE OF THE 19th - EARLY 20th CENTURY". IZVESTIYA VUZOV SEVERO-KAVKAZSKII REGION SOCIAL SCIENCE, n. 4 (212) (28 dicembre 2021): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2687-0770-2021-4-79-83.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article examines the features of keeping women prisoners in the prisons of the Tauride province in the mid-19th - early 20th century. The problems of keeping prisoners in detention centers and prison castles are highlighted and described. The article uses subsequently introduced into scientific circulation, previously unpublished documents concerning the inspections of prisons in the Tauride province. Implementation of criminal responsibility in the Russian Empire in the mid-19th - early 20th century was carried out by sending prisoners to jails, arrest houses, correctional prison departments, however, until the beginning of the twentieth century. Despite the stable increase in female crime, there were very few female representatives in places of imprisonment. At the moment, science is looking for solutions that can improve the quality of the penitentiary system in relation to women. In this regard, it is especially relevant to study the characteristics of female prison detention in retrospect. There are currently no sources that would provide a full picture of the social well-being of women in prisons and detention centers in the Tauride province, which in turn makes research on this issue relevant. The reconstruction of a woman's position, as well as her social well-being in prison, is based on all-Russian studies, which provide fragmentary information about certain aspects.
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Akimchenkov, V. V. ""I HAVE EXPERIENCED ALL THE BEAUTIES OF RUSSIAN PRISONS": MOISEI GINZBURG‘S EXILE TO PINEGA". History: facts and symbols, n. 3 (14 settembre 2021): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2021-28-3-52-61.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
To date, there are no studies in Russian and foreign historiography that would objectively cover the individual stages of the biography of the Russian and Soviet philosopher, historian and publicist Moisei Isaakovich Gintsburg (Dayan) (1877-1940). A significant body of his scientific heritage remains not involved in the research field, which is represented by developments on the history of the Jews, the study of the archaeological monuments of the Crimea and the issues of museum affairs in the USSR, which actualizes the topic of this study. The article analyzes in detail the initial period of biography M. I. Gintsburg, associated with revolutionary activities in the early twentieth century. Based on the analysis of a new corpus of archival sources from the funds of the State Archive of the Arkhangelsk Region, the period of M. I. Gintsburg's stay in exile in the territory of the Arkhangelsk province in 1903-1905 is restored. In synthesis with the documents that we have identified in the collections of the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art, we were able to characterize the period of his political and revolutionary activity in the ranks of the General Jewish Workers Union in Lithuania, Poland and Russia (Bund). The classification of the obtained data allowed us to restore the ideas about the political views of M. I. Gintsburg in the context of the brewing revolutionary situation in the Russian Empire. The new archival documents discovered and involved in the research field, as well as the description of the processes and phenomena described above, made it possible to supplement and interpret a new body of informative material on the history of key historical processes in the territory of the Russian Empire during the revolutionary upheavals of the early twentieth century.
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Stanziani, Alessandro. "The Traveling Panopticon: Labor Institutions and Labor Practices in Russia and Britain in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries". Comparative Studies in Society and History 51, n. 4 (17 settembre 2009): 715–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417509990119.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Between 1780 and 1787 Samuel and Jeremy Bentham were asked to manage a large Russian estate owned by Prince Grigorii Potemkin, one of the closest advisors of Catherine II. They had to face two related but distinct problems: Russian peasants were unskilled, while British skilled workers and supervisors were hard to control. It was the problem of controlling skilled English workers in Russia (and not the Russian serfs) that led the Bentham brothers to reflect on the relation between free and forced labor, and then between labor and society. Before and after Foucault, the Panopticon has been seen as a response to social deviance, and in relation to prisons and the emergence of a global surveillance system in modern societies. According to Foucault, the Panopticon is not just a model for institutions, but something whose principles are those of power in society at large. I want to challenge this view by arguing that the Panopticon project actually was a system for controlling wage labor, which drew inspiration from a particular image of Russian serfdom and from the Bentham brothers' experiences in that country. Those experiences have been the subject of several papers and books. The first aim of this paper is not to recall these, but rather to integrate them into a broader intellectual debate. In particular, I will evoke the origins of the Benthams' experiences in Russian, British, and European debates of the period about the legal status of labor. The way that “western” thought conceived of labor in general and positioned itself vis-à-vis Russia necessitates a reexamination of the thesis that the principal schools of western thought were misunderstood in Russia. I will argue, instead, that Russian authors and reformers relied on ambiguities in western thinking about labor when they advanced their own images of serfdom and proposals for reform.
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Varfolomeev, Yuri V. "From the history of the struggle of political prisoners for their rights: The riot in Tsaritsyn prison". Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations 24, n. 2 (21 giugno 2024): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2024-24-2-247-254.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the article, when researching the events related to the riot of prisoners in Tsaritsyn prison in June 1904, various aspects of the stay of political prisoners in prisons of the Russian Empire are comprehensively considered, with an emphasis on the study of tactics and methods of theirconfrontation with the prison administration, which they articulated as astruggle for their rights and dignity,considering it as acontinuation of the revolutionary struggle with tsarism. The article shows the conditions and causes of the maturation of the riot, as an excess of confrontation between political prisoners and the prison administration, and analyzes its consequences.
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Conroy, Mary Schaeffer. "Health Care in Prisons, Labour and Concentration Camps in Early Soviet Russia, 1918–1921". Europe-Asia Studies 52, n. 7 (novembre 2000): 1257–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713663131.
Testo completo