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1
Bredikhin, Anton. "Military Service of the Cossacks in the Security System of the South of Russia (On the Example of Rostov Region)". Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, n. 5 (dicembre 2020): 234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2020.5.18.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction. Modern Russian Cossacks, having undergone the process of revival and institutionalization, are now incorporated into the system of state and other services of the Russian Federation. Given the pre-revolutionary status of the Cossacks as a military class of the Russian Empire, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, beginning from the 1990s, has a particular interest in attracting the descendants of the Cossacks and members of Cossack societies to military service. Methods. Through the institutional analysis, the study assesses the role of the Cossacks in military service and security in the South of Russia. Analysis. In order to incorporate the Cossacks into the system of military service in the Russian Federation, a number of normative legal acts have been adopted that allow the Cossacks to serve in Cossack units with traditional Cossack names, to use Cossack insignia on military uniforms. As part of the implementation of the Strategy of the state policy of the Russian Federation in relation to the Russian Cossacks until 2020, regional plans for its implementation, Cossack societies are actively involved in the preparation of pre-conscription youth, interact with military commissariats. Recently, pilot projects have been launched to create specialized Cossack territorial defense companies. At a high level, the participation of the Cossacks in ensuring public order during important international events has been evaluated: the XXII Winter Olympic Games in Sochi, the World Cup 2018. Results. The need to expand the participation of the Cossacks in the military service of the Russian Federation by increasing the number of territorial defense companies, opening Cossack cadet corps, forming the role of the Cossacks as a guarantor of stabilization of interethnic relations of the South of Russia.
2
Gokov, O. A. "Military Intelligence Service of Russia in Africa (Second Half of XIX-Early XX centuries.)". Canadian-American Slavic Studies 44, n. 4 (2010): 406–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221023910x535584.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractIn the article the review of military secret service of Russia in Africa in the second half of XIX – beginning of XX centuries on the example of activity of officers of the General staff is given. It is showed that military secret service of Russia on the African continent did not carry system character. Russian officers of the General staff in the countries of Africa in the second half XIX – XX beginning of centuries collected the military and political information. They also came forward as researchers, collecting and analysing geographical information about of the probed regions, their population, fauna and flora.
3
Maksimov, Konstantin. "The Problem of the Kalmyks’ Military Service in the Context of the Reform of the Red Army in the 1920s". OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2022, n. 1-1 (1 gennaio 2022): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202201statyi49.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
For the first time on the basis of archival materials, the article examines the issue of attracting Kalmyks to active military service in the 1920s as part of the Red Army units. From the middle of the 17th and almost to the end of the 18th century. Kalmyks participated in all the wars of Russia in their national military units as part of the Russian army, then - in the Patriotic War of 1812, the Civil War of 1918-1920. Therefore, with the creation of the Red Army on the basis of compulsory military service of citizens of Soviet Russia, difficulties arose with the recruitment of Kalmyks for military service due to low literacy and the language barrier, although their fighting qualities were not in doubt. The problems of conscription of Kalmyks for active military service were solved during the reform of the Red Army in the 1920s, which coincided with the economic, socio-political, cultural development of the Kalmyk Autonomous Region.
4
Rusakovskiy, Oleg. "Foreign Military Law and Mercenary Contract in Seventeenth-Century Russia: The Сase of the Smolensk War, 1632–1634". Russian History 48, n. 2 (22 marzo 2022): 187–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/18763316-12340029.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The article aims to discuss how the Russian government dealt with foreign military law based on mercenary contracts while recruiting troops in Germany and Britain for the Smolensk campaign of 1632 to 1634. In the agreements made with foreign colonels that survive in contemporary Russian translations, the Tsar’s officials granted an almost unlimited legal and administrative autonomy to foreign military commanders in order to make service in Russia more attractive for Western mercenaries. While doing so, the Russian government believed that a unified military law and an effective court and administration system existed among the European military communities. However, some essential terms of military service remained unspecified in the documentation, depriving the Russian army commanders of any legal recourse to prevent conflicts within foreign regiments, which ultimately contributed to an administrative disaster at the end of the Smolensk campaign. The article analyzes both the Russian attitudes towards foreign military law and mercenary contracts and how this might have affected European mercenary units in Russian service.
5
Räkköläinen, Mikko. "Kaupallisten sotilaspalveluyritysten synty Venäjällä". Idäntutkimus 27, n. 3-4 (31 dicembre 2020): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33345/idantutkimus.101984.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Wagner-ryhmänä tunnettu organisaatio on 2010-luvulla osallistunut Venäjän ja sen liittolaisten tukena konflikteihin muun muassa Itä-Ukrainassa, Libyassa ja Syyriassa. Siihen viitataan vaihtelevasti venäläisenä yksityisenä sotilasyrityksenä tai Venäjän asevoimien epävirallisena osana. Tässä artikkelissa tarkastelen kehityskulkua, joka on saanut Venäjän hyödyntämään kaupallisia sotilaspalveluyrityksiä ulko- ja turvallisuuspolitiikassaan. Sovellan analyysissa Deborah Avantin (2000) esittämää teoreettista mallia sotilaallisen toiminnan muutoksista. Keskeinen argumenttini on, että sotilaspalveluyritysten synty Venäjällä on reaktio ulkoisen toimintaympäristön muutoksen aiheuttamiin ongelmiin. Georgian sota vuonna 2008 ja siitä seurannut asevoimien uudistusohjelma loivat tilanteen, joissa länsimaiden sotilaallisen ulkoistamisen mallin kopiointia kannattaneet toimijat pystyivät edistämään tavoitteitaan. Venäjän patrimoniaalinen hallintomalli vaikutti kuitenkin vahvasti siihen, että lopputuloksena syntyneet organisaatiot ovat luonteeltaan erilaisia kuin länsimaiset vastineensa.
Abstract in English
The birth of commercial military service companies in Russia
During the 2010’s the organization known as Wagner Group has supported the Russian Federation and its allies in East Ukraine, Libya and Syria, among other conflicts. Wagner is referred to as either a Russian private military company or as an unofficial part of the Russian armed forces. In this article I examine the process which has led Russia to utilize commercial military service providers as foreign and security policy tools. I employ a model of military reform proposed by Deborah Avant (2000). My central argument is that military service providers were created in Russia as a reaction to challenges posed by changes in the external security environment. The Russo-Georgian war of 2008 and the following military reform created circumstances, in which actors wishing to emulate the Western model of military outsourcing could advance their agenda. However, the patrimonial governance system of Russia had a significant impact in the resulting organizations differing substantially from their Western counterparts.
6
Sarkis S., Kazarov. "THE FIRST NАКHICHVANEAN ON MILITARY SERVICE IN RUSSIA". IZVESTIYA VUZOV SEVERO-KAVKAZSKII REGION SOCIAL SCIENCE, n. 1 (2017): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/0321-3056-2017-1-53-56.
Testo completo
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Denisova, Galina, e Vitaly Kovalev. "Cossackhood in Contemporary Russia: Attaining Social Status". Vestnik instituta sotziologii 14, n. 3 (30 settembre 2023): 14–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/vis.2023.14.3.2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In contemporary Russian society, a transformation of the social structure is taking place. The formation of the Cossack social group is an important aspect of this process. The revival of this social group throughout the post-Soviet period has led to polarised interpretations, ranging from characterising Cossacks as "costumed" individuals to being bearers of Russian military cultural traditions in modern society. The significance of the social status of Cossacks is amplified in the face of modern geopolitical challenges and the Russian society's search for its own identity.
The aim of this article is to determine the foundations of Cossack group formation and the expectations that, from the Cossacks' perspective, are necessary for the preservation and strengthening of the group. The methodological framework of the study is based on the ideas of actor-network theory by B. Latour. The empirical research hypothesis posits that the process of Cossack group formation has undergone several stages, from recreating elements of folk culture to implementing the historical Cossack service function into the life of modern society with blurred boundaries between social strata. The involvement of Cossack military societies in the Special Military Operation has influenced the adaptation of cultural patterns related to the Cossack service function. The hypothesis was tested using a mass survey through questionnaire methods in thirteen Cossack military societies. The survey results show that the majority of Cossacks, including some non-registered Cossacks, support the main directions of the State Policy Strategy regarding the Cossacks. However, Cossacks' expectations from the state include the adaptation of traditional Cossack military service patterns to the conditions of modern society and the requirements of military service. The readiness of Cossacks to move in this direction is evident in the formation of voluntary Cossack units participating in the Special Military Operation. Nevertheless, this grassroots initiative of Cossack societies requires state resources as the dominant actor in the Cossack revival process. These resources include the establishment of Cossack units in accordance with the tradition of Cossack military service within the structure of the National Guard, a different approach to the education of youth in Cossack schools with a stronger military component, and the re-establishment of traditional Cossack camps for regular military training of registered Cossacks, among other things. Such service activities by registered Cossacks will also require the development of corresponding preferences and privileges for registered Cossacks.
8
Golubovsky, Vladimir Yu. "SOME PROBLEMS OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR EVASION OF MILITARY SERVICE (PART 1 OF ART. 328 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION)". Oeconomia et Jus, n. 1 (31 marzo 2022): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2499-9636-2022-1-77-82.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article substantiates that the constitutional duty of a Russian Federation's citizen is to serve in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. This form is of great importance, since the legislator fixed the obligation of every citizen of Russia to do military service in accordance with Article 59 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Fatherland protection is not only a constitutional duty, but a moral demand for every citizen as well, it is a moral duty. It is aimed at protecting the state and its citizens, material and spiritual values. It is noted that both in theory and in practice there is no unity in interpreting and applying Part 1 of Article 328 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which provides for liability for evasion of military service. According to the results of the study, it is noted that there is no uniformity in approaches to understanding the objective signs of a crime provided for in Part 1 of Article 328 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The current criminal law does not ensure inevitability of criminal liability for crimes related to evasion of military service in Russia.
9
Nikolskaya, Tatyana K. "The Genesis of the Seventh-Day Adventist Reformation Movement". Университетский научный журнал, n. 78 (16 febbraio 2024): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25807/22225064_2024_78_54.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article examines the genesis of the Seventh-Day Adventist (SDA) Reformation movement in Russia. The author examines the initial period of the Reformation movement and classifi es it as an oppositional form of Catacomb Protestantism. In the 1920s, under the pressure from the state authorities, the SDA ministers decided to permit the participation of the SDA members in compulsory military service as armed militray. This decision caused a split among the believers. Participants in the Reform movement refused military service and any compromises with state authorities. In 1989, the leadership of the offi cial SDA Church in the USSR recognised their resolution on military service as erroneous, yet the schism had not been overcome.
10
Manin, Iaroslav. "Defense of the Fatherland: Conscription for Military Service on Mobilization". Полицейская и следственная деятельность, n. 3 (marzo 2022): 42–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7810.2022.3.38878.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The object of the study is constitutional legal relations for the protection of Russian citizens of their state in connection with conscription for military service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the subject of the study is normative legal acts regulating military duty. The author explains the legal meaning of the constitutional duty to protect the Fatherland, proposes an addition to the Russian concept of national security with a provision on preventive self-defense, amendments to the Federal Law "On Defense", the Federal Law "On Military Duty and Military Service", the Federal Law "On Mobilization Training and Mobilization" and other regulatory legal acts. The article analyzes the international legal and constitutional regulation of the current problems of defense and security of the Russian Federation in the light of current historical events and the formation of four new regions of Russia: the Donetsk People's Republic, the Luhansk People's Republic, the Zaporozhye region and the Kherson region. The main legal problems of conscription of Russian citizens for military service on mobilization are considered, their solutions are proposed. The author pays special attention to the postponement of military service for mobilization, the legal responsibility of citizens and organizations in connection with the partial mobilization of the population. The article substantiates the exemption of scientists from military duty, determines the status of the mobilized, and gives a legal description of mobilization contracts. Conclusions and suggestions are presented in the text of the current study, which contains fundamentally new information on the subject of scientific work.
11
Kuzmin, S. A., e L. K. Grigorieva. "A Russian regional draft commission report on quality control efforts regarding medical examination of conscripts". Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations, n. 1 (17 aprile 2024): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2024-0-1-34-41.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction. In Russian constituents, draft commissions play the leading role in providing medical services to individuals preparing for military service.The objective of the study is to analyze activities of a regional draft commission located in the Orenburg region with a specific focus on quality control during medical examination of conscripts.Methods. The study relied on reports and records of the Military Medical Expertise Center at the Federal Budgetary Institution “Military Commissariat of the Orenburg Region” throughout 2012 to 2021 timespan.Results and analysis. Within the analyzed 10 year’s timespan the number of conscripts in the Orenburg region decreased by 11.6 %. However, the number of individuals fit for military service (categories “A”+”B”) remained relatively unchanged, e.g. 14058 individuals in 2012 and 14837 in 2021 (except years 2013 and 2014 with 12494 and 12880 individuals in this category, respectively). The ratio between the individuals potentially fit for military service to those actually deployed indicates the rate of conscription withdrawal rate. In 2020 the conscription withdrawal rate was at its minimum value of 26.7 %, reaching its maximum value of 38.8 % in 2013. Within the timespan under study, 47500 individuals residing in the region were conscribed for combat deployment. Following medical examination, 1793 (3.8 %) applicants were withdrawn from conscription as unfit for military service. Within the first three months of military service, 29 (0.06 %) military personnel were dismissed from service for health reasons and general disease diagnosis. Some 52.200 individuals were deferred or exempted from the military draft (fitness categories for military service “B”, “G”, “D”), of which 28200 (54.1 %) were called for a medical revision examination. 2536 citizens were recognized as appropriate for military service (suitability categories “A” + “B”), amounting to 10.1 % of the arrived conscripts.Conclusion. Timely medical examinations of individuals upon conscription for military service, as well as medical and recreational activities for conscripts depend on the due and well-coordinated operation of regional conscription commissions. Under the resolution of the President of Russia on efforts to increase the corps of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, more extensive resources of potential military culture scripts are required.
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Milasheva, Natalia V., Dmitrii V. Ovchinnikov e Vladimir O. Samoilov. "Robert Erskine — the first archiater and creator of military medicine and military medical education in Russia". Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 23, n. 4 (15 dicembre 2021): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma80316.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study aimed to analyze many archival published documents and contemporary testimonies at the beginning of the 18th century, which reflects little-known facts of medicine history. The creation history of military medicine in Saint Petersburg, an integral part of the military history of Russia, was presented against the background of the most important events of the Northern War against Sweden (17001721) and military reform. The role of Robert Erskine (16771718), the reformer of Russian medicine, the head of the entire military medical service of Russia since 1706, the first Russian archiater, Surgeon in Ordinary to the King, and loyal companion and friend of Peter I was carefully studied, as he played a crucial role in establishing military medicine and medical education in Russia, mainly in Saint Petersburg. R. Erskine, who had encyclopedic-level knowledge, was also the creator and head of the Kunstkamera, the first public natural science museum in Russia (1714). The report of the head of the Moscow hospital on Yauza, Doctor N.L. Bidloo, to the Holy Synod (1722) with description and analysis of the most important facts of the Russian medicine history was also studied. Detailed documents on the number of sick and wounded people in Saint Petersburg since 1708 were presented. Not only military hospitals but also medical students in the military capital of Russia before 1715, had been documented. The documentary lists of Navy doctors from Saint Petersburg and lists of medical students who stayed in Saint Petersburg at the Navy Hospital, with the indication of the salary by articles (categories) for 1710, as well as documents on the number of sick and wounded people of the ground forces for 1712 and 1713 (Russian State Archives of the Navy), were presented. The medical staff lists of the Russian army for 1711 were examined. The absence of a large specialized medical complex at Vyborg side and insufficient suitable hospitals of any medical units located in wooden barracks at other territories cannot be proof of the absence of any hospitals until 1715 or medical schools until 1733. Ignorance of the military history of Russia can lead to numerous mistakes by historians who are interested in military medicine.
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Lizunov, U. V., S. A. Tsutsiev, L. P. Terentiev, V. N. Mesniankin, E. F. Kira e V. F. Bezhenar. "Hygienical aspects of military service of women in Russia". Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 48, n. 4 (15 novembre 1999): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd89012.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this article the necessity of strict scientifical reglamentation of conditions and peculiarities of military service in women for providing the preservation and improvement of their reproduction health status.
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Krynyukov, P. E., e V. G. Abashin. "Russian officers and military doctors in the Paraguayan Army". Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 101, n. 12 (22 febbraio 2024): 675–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/0023-2149-2023-101-12-675-678.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The information about the participation of Russian officers and military doctors in the Chaka War of 1932–1935 between Paraguay and Bolivia is presented. The biographical information of military doctors who emigrated from Russia after the Civil War is given. Their merit was the creation of the medical service of the army, which ensured the victory of Paraguay in the war.
15
Колосов, А. В. "The educational role of the military oath: a comparative aspect". Management of Education, n. 4(62) (15 aprile 2023): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25726/s7978-4817-9694-y.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Военная присяга является одной из важнейших церемоний, связанных с военной службой, и имеет воспитательное значение. Военная присяга является одним из важных элементов военнопатриотического воспитания и формирования высокой культуры служения военнослужащих и других сотрудников государственных органов. Она имеет воспитательную и символическую роль и способствует формированию чувства принадлежности к профессиональной общности, патриотических чувств, моральных и этических стандартов. В России военная присяга является обязательной для всех граждан, проходящих военную службу. В присяге заключается не только обязательство защищать Родину, но и клятва верности Конституции Российской Федерации, соблюдение прав и свобод граждан. Это формирует у солдат и офицеров высокий уровень духовности, патриотизма и гражданской ответственности. В данной статье рассматривается роль военной присяги в воспитательном аспекте, сравнивается ее значение в России и других странах, а также анализируются изменения военной присяги в России за последние годы. Целью данной статьи является выявление воспитательных функций военной присяги, анализ ее значения в различных контекстах и понимание важности данного торжественного обряда в военно-патриотическом воспитании и формировании высокой культуры служения в Российской армии и других ведомствах. The military oath is one of the most important ceremonies associated with military service, and has educational significance. The military oath is one of the important elements of military-patriotic education and the formation of a high culture of service of military personnel and other employees of state bodies. It has an educational and symbolic role and contributes to the formation of a sense of belonging to a professional community, patriotic feelings, moral and ethical standards. In Russia, the military oath is mandatory for all citizens undergoing military service. The oath is not only an obligation to defend the Motherland, but also an oath of allegiance to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, respect for the rights and freedoms of citizens. This creates a high level of spirituality, patriotism and civic responsibility among soldiers and officers. This article examines the role of the military oath in the educational aspect, compares its significance in Russia and other countries, and analyzes the changes in the military oath in Russia in recent years. The purpose of this article is to identify the educational functions of the military oath, analyze its meaning in various contexts and understand the importance of this solemn ceremony in military-patriotic education and the formation of a high culture of service in the Russian army and other departments.
16
Baumann, Robert F. "Subject Nationalities in the Military Service of Imperial Russia: The Case of the Bashkirs". Slavic Review 46, n. 3-4 (1987): 489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2498099.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
On 6 July 1874, the government of Alexander II published an edict announcing the formation of a mounted Bashkir squadron in the Orenburgguberniia.The modest scale of the endeavor—a squadron-sized element added little to Russian military strength—belied its historic importance. The Bashkirs, in 1874, stood at a watershed in their long history of military service to Russia marking the divide between decades of irregular frontier duty and inclusion in the ranks of the regular army. The evolution of Bashkir military formations, paralleling the course of social change, offers a most instructive case in little-studied aspects of imperial policy towards subject national minorities and their employment in the armed forces in particular. A virtually forgotten component in Russia's rich military tradition, the contribution of “native” units organized among theinorodtsyof the Caucasus, the Crimea, and Asia was indeed significant.
17
Dorofeeva, K. V. "ON THE QUESTION OF THE ATTITUDE OF STUDENTS TO MILITARY SERVICE. TYPOLOGY OF STUDENT YOUTH IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION". KAZAN SOCIALLY-HUMANITARIAN BULLETIN 11, n. 4 (agosto 2020): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24153/2079-5912-2020-11-4-4-10.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Armed Forces are one of the main political institutions of modern Russian society. This article deals with the problem of the contradiction between the growth of the prestige of military service and the slow process of forming a positive attitude of students to it. The relevance of the research is determined by the objective need for military support of the state. As you know, the period of military age covers the category of youth (including students), which means the potential involvement of students in military service, therefore, the study of the characteristics of the relationship of this category to military service is especially important. The goal is to develop the author's typology of student youth by the nature of their attitude to military service, as well as to apply the method of calculating the aggregated index of student youth's attitude to military service. The article reveals the concept of the attitude of students to military service, analyses the level of prestige of military service among students by using the measure of Central tendency, the arithmetic mean. As a result, the types of student youth ("Patriot", "Sofa warrior", "Indifferent", "Negativist") are identified and characterised by the nature of their attitude to military service. Based on the study of this problem, the presence of a negative attitude of students to military service is established. Military service rather does not have a significant prestige among students. The findings of the study apply to students through-out Russia (which is explained by the selective method of selecting units). Thus, students from such cities as Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Kazan, Volgograd, Kaluga, Ufa, and small cities of the Moscow region participated in the study.
18
Stankov, K. N. "THE OFFICER’S SKAZKA OF THE RUSSIAN SCOT". Вестник Пермского университета. История, n. 2 (61) (2023): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2023-2-36-40.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this paper, an attempt is made to publicize an important historical source from the Russian State Military Historical Archive. This document is an officer’s “skazka” of the Scottish brigadier of the Russian army James Gordon. In the Russian army, the officer’s “skazka” was the main document containing information about the staff of the commanders before using the questionnaire. This document is of special importance because it reports about a remarkable person. James Gordon was the son of Tsar Peter I’s friend – General Patrick Gordon. James was an experienced officer and took part in many battles. After a short military service in Russia, he boosted his military career in England, where he served in the Guard of the king James II Stuart. After the “Glorious Revolution” of 1688–1689, when James II was overthrown, James Gordon took part in the Jacobite movement. During the First Jacobite rebellion, J. Gordon participated in many battles on land and sea, including the famous battle of Killiecrankie, where he was badly wounded. After his return to Russia, he participated in the Azov Campaigns and in the Great Northern War. The Swedes took James captive twice. Besides that, J. Gordon was the first person born in Russia to become a Count of the Holy Roman Empire and a knight of the Order of Malta. The aim of this publication is to attract attention to this person and to the problem of the Scots’ service in the Russian army.
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Таисия Михайловна, Баландина, e Алексеенко Вадим Эдуардович. "Intraprofessional stratification of military personnel of contract service". STATE AND MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT SCHOLAR NOTES 1, n. 3 (settembre 2023): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2079-1690-2023-1-3-238-243.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The content of the intraprofessional stratification of military personnel is considered. The criteria for the stratification of military personnel as a specific professional group are revealed: 1) military rank; 2) education; 3) family income; 3) prestige of the military profession. As a result of the analysis of the results of the empirical analysis, an intraprofessional stratification of military authors is presented , including three basic strata: 1) senior military specialists (officers performing military service under contract – 20–25 % of the military personnel); 2) junior military specialists (warrant officers, sergeants, privates performing military service under a contract – 60–65 % of the military personnel); 3) trained military specialists (cadets of higher military institutes of Russia performing military service under a contract – 10% of the military personnel). The necessity of developing a mechanism for constructing an increase in the quality of life of military personnel is justified, which should ensure not only their sustainable educational development, but also an increase in material content, ensuring the possibility of expanded consumption not only for them, but also for their family members.
20
Mitina, Svetlana I. "Mobilization Techniques within the Framework of the Military Reform of Alexander II: Based on Materials of the Novgorod Governorate". History of state and law 4 (20 aprile 2023): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3805-2023-4-54-59.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article describes mobilization technologies in the Russian Empire of the second half of the XIX century by the example of the application of the Military Service Charter of 1874. The material presented in the article allows us to identify the features of the introduction of military conscription institutions in Russia in the conditions of the abolition of serfdom and the formation of a new type of armed forces.
21
Nikitin, Ivan N. "Historical and modern features of veterinary service in subfederal entities of the North Caucasian and the Southern federal districts". Veterinaria Kubani, n. 2 (8 maggio 2020): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.33861/2071-8020-2020-2-3-5.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
History of veterinary medicine in Russia in all its aspects (municipal, military, professional veterinary, etc.) has been circumstantially studied and is presented in textbooks, monographs and thesis. However, the history of municipal veterinary medicine has been studied and the materials of all-Russian congresses of veterinarians, held in the early twentieth century and the landmarks of veterinary medicine history in Russia and its sub-federal entities in the period between ancient time and nowadays has been synthesized. Items on epizootic situation of the country and its sub-federal entities on extra hazardous diseases, on prevention and elimination measures; legal regulation of veterinary management ; staff requirements for official veterinary, training of veterinarians and veterinary aid men, forms of organization of the veterinary service; state, municipal, military, private veterinary services are available in literary origins. Unfortunately, the historical and modern features of the veterinary service in certain federal districts of Russia, including the North Caucasus and southern districts, are not generalized. The analysis and determination of such features is important for scientifically-reasonable planning of anti-epizootic measures, composing national targets for veterinary institutions, determining the amount of budget funding for performing national targets, establishing a scientifically-reasonable staff number of veterinary services, improving veterinary servicing of livestock and other branches. Article points out the historical and modern features of the veterinary service of the North Caucasus and Southern federal districts, which have peculiar environment and economic conditions for the development of agriculture, including animal husbandry, and therefore veterinary support for agricultural industries.
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Davydovich, A. R., S. V. Grinenko, A. S. Karamova e O. P. Fesenko. "STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS FOR THE COMPETITIVENESS OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATIONS". Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine 30, n. 5 (15 dicembre 2022): 740–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32687/0869-866x-2022-30-5-740-745.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article analyzes the current state of the medical service market of the Russian Federation, including: an assessment of the volume of paid medical services to the population, monetary expenses of households to pay for medical services, expenses of the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation for healthcare, investments in the fixed assets in healthcare, the volume of the pharmaceutical market in Russia and the imports of medicines and medical equipment.The rating of the largest non-governmental medical organizations in Russia in terms of revenue, the number of branches, the cost of initial admission and the number of patients was presented, the total revenue of the top 20 non-governmental medical organizations was analyzed.Negative trends affecting the current state of the medical service market were studied, the risks from the imposition of the sanctions and opportunities for further development of the medical services market were determined; measures of state support for health care in the context of sanctions were discussed.The conclusion presents perspectives for the development of the medical service market in the context of the sanctions imposed on the Russian Federation by the European Union, the United States and other states in connection with the special military operation in Ukraine.
23
Samoilov, V. О. "60 years of Gennady Nikolaevich Ponomarenko". Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 21, n. 4 (15 dicembre 2019): 270–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma630110.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
On August 23, 2019, the General Director of the Federal Scientific Center for Rehabilitation of Disabled People named after A. G.A. Albrecht (FNTsRI) of the Ministry of Labor of Russia, head of the Department of Balneology and Physiotherapy (with a course of medical rehabilitation) of the Military Medical Academy named after. CM. Kirov (VMA), chief specialist in sanatorium-resort treatment of the Russian Ministry of Defense, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, corresponding member of the Russian Military Medical Academy, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Colonel of the Reserve Medical Service Gennady Nikolaevich Ponomarenko.
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Sidorenko, V. A., V. Yu Rybnikov e N. V. Nesterenko. "Key Indicators of Health and Morbidity Structure of Incidence of Police Officers, Firemen and Servicemen of the Russian Federation". Disaster Medicine, n. 2 (giugno 2021): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33266/2070-1004-2021-2-11-15.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of the study is to assess the main indicators of health status as well as the structure of overall morbidity of employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in 2015–2019 on the basis of long-term data. Authors compare them with the corresponding indicators of the employees of the Federal Fire Service of the State Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia and of the contract servicemen, including officers, of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Materials and research methods. The materials of medical reports on the health status of police officers were analyzed, which contained generalized medical and statistical data on the overall morbidity of all police officers who served in 2015–2019. The comparison of these indicators with the indicators of the employees of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of EMERCOM of Russia and of military personnel under the contract, including officers, of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, is made. Research results and their analysis.Analysis of health indicators of police officers for 2014–2019 showed that the effectiveness of preventive measures was quite high: about 90% of employees were classified as "healthy" and "practically healthy"; almost every police officer applied for medical help every year. It was noted that the indicators of the health status of the police officers were similar to those of the military personnel of the Armed Forces and the employees of the State Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia. At the same time, the level of general morbidity and mortality was significantly lower among the police officers, in comparison with the military personnel of the Armed Forces, but there were more cases and days of temporary disability. In comparison with the employees of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of EMERCOM of Russia, the police officers had significantly lower "primary access to disability", etc. It is concluded that data on the health status of police officers can serve as a starting point in the work on further improving the system of medical support for police officers.
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Rudnik, Sergey Nikolaevich. "Universal military service, society and literacy of recruits in Russia". Петербургский исторический журнал, n. 1 (2016): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51255/2311-603x-2016-00002.
Testo completo
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Tovsultanov, Rustam Alhazurovich, Lilia Nadipovna Galimova e Eliza Musatovna Ozdamirova. "The Russian-Chechen relations in XVI-XVII centuries". Samara Journal of Science 6, n. 1 (1 marzo 2017): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201761203.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The following paper investigates the Russian-Chechen relations in XVI-XVII centuries. The authors note that the Caucasus was in the sphere of Russian foreign policy at the time of the Russian centralized state formation. With the annexation of the Astrakhan khanate, Russia came to the Caucasus border and the Caucasian direction started to occupy a leading place in the Eastern policy of the tsarist government. The Caucasus in the XVI century was an object of a tense struggle between the two most powerful States of the then Middle East - Ottoman Empire and Safavid Iran - and at the same time a bridgehead, where there was a constant threat to the southern outskirts of Russia from these States and the Crimean khanate. The strengthening of Russia on the Caucasian lands could become the most reliable means to ensure the safety of the South of Russia. So in the XVII and XVII centuries, the North Caucasus was Russias military-strategic interest or, in modern language, a geopolitical one. Chechnya came under the influence of Russia in 1567, when the first Russian militarized city Terek in the North Caucasus was founded. For the peoples of the North Caucasus and of Chechnya the appearance of a Russian fortress on their land was of great political importance. Thus, it was vital for Russia to gain a foothold in the North Caucasus, as the enemy (Iran and Turkey) could do it, which was unsafe for Russias southern borders. It was during this period (late sixteenth century) when close military and political ties of the Moscow government and the Chechens were established. The Moscow government was interested in Chechnya because of its geographical location - the immediate proximity to the towns of Terek and the fact that its territory was the most convenient means of communication with Georgia. The relationship between Chechnya and Russia at the end of XVI - first half of XVII century was almost an ideal model of a peaceful rapprochement of the Chechen with the Moscow government for those conditions and at that time. The Russian authorities did not interfere in the internal affairs of the Chechen societies, they did not impose their own rules or laws, being satisfied with the results of the hostages, the payment of tribute and, if necessary, temporary military service. This led to the fact that in the XVII century allied relations of Chechnya societies with Russia were established. However, at the end of the XVII century Russian-Caucasian connection was significantly weakened.
27
Vinogradov V. A, Valerii. "Military-Music Service in Departmental Battalion at the Kolyvan-Voskresensky Mountain District in the Second Half of the 18th Century". Proceedings of Altai State Academy of Culture and Arts, n. 2 (2022): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32340/2414-9101-2022-2-9-16.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper analyzes insufficiently studied issues concerning arranging of military-music affairs in Kolyvan-Voskresensky Mountain District, the Russian Empire, 1764–1800. The author considers a lineup of musicians from local military forces, describes some peculiarities of the mountain battalion's military uniform, regards musical instruments supplying, studies the military band's stock of plays and its performing activity, etc. The article traces a relation between participation of the military unit focused on musical support for official ceremonies in local entertainment events and positive changes in regional cultural life. The author reveals a level of interest on the part of Kolyvan-Voskresensky Mountain District administration of various years in development of military-music service. The study is based on archival materials (from State Archive of Altai Krai (Barnaul, Russia)) and issue-related little known released works.
28
Ganin, Andrey. "New Publication on the History of the Czechoslovak Corps in Russia". Slavianovedenie, n. 4 (2022): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869544x0021105-8.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The review analyzes new publications on the history of the Czechoslovak Corps in Russia during the Civil War. We are talking about the memoirs of two Czechoslovak legionnaires, Lieutenant Frantisek Novak and Lieutenant Karel Prashil, published in Russian. These memoirs were translated from Czech in 2020-2021 and published in Yekaterinburg. The memoirs contain many important and interesting testimonies about the events of the First World War and the Russian Civil War. The stay of Czechoslovaks in captivity in Russia, the formation of military units from prisoners of war, their participation in military operations are described in detail. The memoirists pay attention to the uprising of the Czechoslovak Corps against the Bolsheviks and the subsequent service of the Czechoslovaks in Siberia. The memoirs are of considerable interest as evidence of crucial events in Russian history left by foreigners.
29
Burenkov, Mikhail A. "Fundamentals of Employees’ Professional Values of the State Security Service of Russia". Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)], n. 2 (18 aprile 2011): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2011-0-2-63-68.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Presents some editions of the memoirs and journalistic literature of 2000–2010 which describe professional values of military personnel, employees of the State Security Service of Russia and promote the patriotic education of Russian citizens. The books considered by the author may be especially useful for library experts and young people and for all those who take the keen interest in the modern political processes and socially-psychological mechanisms of organizations increasing activity.
30
Machaliński, Zbigniew. "Zygmunt Brynk (1872–1943): Rear Admiral of the Russian and Polish Navy, Military and Marine Attaché at the Polish Legation in the USA". Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość XIV (3 giugno 2018): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.2522.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article concerns the biography of Zygmunt Brynk, rear admiral of the Russian and Polish Navy, military attaché and marine attaché at the Polish Legation in the USA. The service of Brynk from 1895 to 1918 in Russia was discussed, then after 1918 in the Polish Army, in the diplomatic service, with particular emphasis on the activity in the Society of Polish-American Maritime Navigation S.A. in New York.
31
Koredczuk, Józef. "Military Testaments in the Second Polish Republic". Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio G (Ius) 70, n. 3 (11 gennaio 2023): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/g.2023.70.3.79-86.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Military testaments in the Second Polish Republic gained particular practical significance due to the unique circumstances resulting from Poland’s existence in the short interwar period. Their regulation was based on post-partition legal provisions, including the 1811 Austrian Civil Code with the Military Service Regulations, the 1874 Military Law of the Reich (Reichsmilitärgesetz), and in the case of Russia the provisions of Volume 10 Part I of the Digest of Laws of the Russian Empire. It wasn’t until 1933 that Poland passed its own Law regarding the last wills of military personnel. Military testaments were treated as a privileged form of last will and testament, characterized by certain simplifications compared to the ordinary form.
32
Rudyakov, P. "Serbian Military Settlements of New Serbia and Slavic Serbia on Ukrainian Lands in the 18th Century (Part 1)". Problems of World History, n. 9 (26 novembre 2019): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2019-9-3.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article explores the Serbian military settlements of New Serbia and Slavian Serbia (1751-1764) in the territory of modern Kirovograd and Lugansk regions, founded by the tsarist government forSerbian immigrants from Austria. The general situation in which the resettlement was being prepared was analyzed. Attention is drawn to Austrian military reform under Maria Theresa, to Vienna’sconcessions to Hungarian feudal lords to the detriment of Serbian landmilitia. Marked Russia’s access to the Black Sea and the deployment of the process of colonization of the Black Sea. A set of motiveshas been disclosed that pushed the border Serbs to move to Russia, and Russia to accept them. It is alleged that after a critical deterioration in living conditions as a result of the reform of militarysettlements on the border with Turkey, immigrants were dominated by motives of a socio-economic, as well as a national-cultural, religious nature. The Serbs were interested in the Russian side as a sourceof personnel to ensure colonization, the organization of the military border on the newly annexed lands. Russia equipped the new border according to the model of the military border borrowed fromAustria. Mentioned about those who came to Russia and entered the Russian service in the first half of the 18th century. well-known immigrants from Serbian ethnic territories in the Balkans and fromAustria, who played the role of predecessors for immigrants from New Serbia and Slavic Serbia: Savva Vladislavich, Pantu Bozhich, Mikhail Miloradovich and others. Based on archival and othermaterials, the content and sequence of preparatory actions of Russia and “Austrian” Serbs to relocation.
33
KOTLYREVICH, A. "MILITARY MINISTER OF RUSSIA A. I. CHERNYSHEV: POLITICAL PORTRAIT ON THE BACKGROUND OF THE EPOCH (1802–1825)". CULTURE AND SAFETY 4 (aprile 2021): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.25257/kb.2021.4.82-88.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Based on the study of historical materials the author examines the diplomatic and military activity of Aleksander Ivanovich Chernyshev (1785–1857) in the first quarter of the 19th century. The analysis of the diplomatic service of A. I. Chernyshev in France in 1809–1812, his participation in the Patriotic War of 1812 and the foreign campaigns of the Russian army (1813–1814) is carried out. Particular attention is paid to the professional and personal development of the future Military Minister of Russia.
34
Ochirov, Utash B. "Конница тюрко-монгольских народов Великой степи в российской армии XVIII – начала XIX в. Часть 1". Бюллетень Калмыцкого научного центра Российской академии наук 15, n. 3 (25 novembre 2020): 64–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2587-6503-2020-3-15-64-97.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article examines activities of Turko-Mongols to have inhabited the Great Steppe and adjacent territories in the military service of Russia throughout the 18th and early 19th centuries. The period witnessed the employment of ethnic military units of irregular cavalries Russian army recruited from the Mongolian-speaking Kalmyks and Buryats, Turkic-speaking Bashkirs, Teptyars, Mishar and Tatars. The work focuses on the largest ethnic military forces ― those of the Kalmyks and Bashkirs. Despite Russian forces were reorganized to from a regular army in the early 18th century, the latter still contained significant irregular components, including ones recruited from Turko-Mongols. Initially, the ethnic groups had served as independent military contingents with traditional structures, tactics, and weapons, but by the late 18th century all ethnic forces were clustered into Don Cossack-type regiments. In the first part of the article, published in the previous issue, the features of military service of the Kalmyks and Bashkirs in their usual habitat ― in the Great Steppe were considered. The second part of the article analyzes the actions of the Turkic-Mongol cavalry in the three largest wars of Russia in the XVIII-early XX century. XIX centuries. (The Northern, Seven-Year War, the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Foreign Campaign of 1813–1814). Rational approaches and command of the ethnic units would yield good results ― both in Eurasian plains and European battlefields. The use of ethnic forces within the Russian army not only saved essential financial and physical resources for the defense of large territories and dramatically long frontiers but also facilitated further integration of their elites into the Empire’s community.
35
Ochirov, Utash B. "Конница тюрко-монгольских народов Великой степи в российской армии XVIII – начала XIX в. Часть 2". Бюллетень Калмыцкого научного центра Российской академии наук 16, n. 4 (27 novembre 2020): 10–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2587-6503-2020-4-16-10-39.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article examines activities of Turko-Mongols to have inhabited the Great Steppe and adjacent territories in the military service of Russia throughout the 18th and early 19th centuries. The period witnessed the employment of ethnic military units of irregular cavalries Russian army recruited from the Mongolian-speaking Kalmyks and Buryats, Turkic-speaking Bashkirs, Teptyars, Mishar and Tatars. The work focuses on the largest ethnic military forces ― those of the Kalmyks and Bashkirs. Despite Russian forces were reorganized to from a regular army in the early 18th century, the latter still contained significant irregular components, including ones recruited from Turko-Mongols. Initially, the ethnic groups had served as independent military contingents with traditional structures, tactics, and weapons, but by the late 18th century all ethnic forces were clustered into Don Cossack-type regiments. The first part of the article deals with the features of military service of the Kalmyks and Bashkirs in their usual habitat ― in the Great Steppe. The second part of the article, which will be published in the next issue, analyzes the actions of the Turkic-Mongol cavalry in the three largest wars of Russia in the XVIII – early XIX centuries. (The Northern, Seven-Year War, the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Foreign Campaign of 1813–1814). Rational approaches and command of the ethnic units would yield good results ― both in Eurasian plains and European battlefields. The use of ethnic forces within the Russian army not only saved essential financial and physical resources for the defense of large territories and dramatically long frontiers but also facilitated further integration of their elites into the Empire’s community.
36
Lobkov, Aleksandr E. "Letters of William Rockwell Thrall and William Lynn McMillen as a Source for Studying the Participation of American Doctors in the Crimean War". Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 68, n. 2 (2023): 454–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.209.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The service of American doctors in the Russian army during the Crimean war is one of the most interesting pages in the history of Russian-American relations. In 1854–1855, about 40 American physicians joined the Russian army. In general, more is known about American doctors in the Crimean theatre of military operations. However, American doctors were also present on the northern front in the Baltic area, particularly, in the Russian army in Finland. Four Americans — Drs Thrall, McMillen, Leas, and Smyser — served in Tavastehus temporary military hospital. In Russian and foreign historiography, the question of foreign doctors’ service on the northern front of the Crimean war has not been addressed, and the organization of the medical part of the Russian troops guarding the Baltic coast is under-researched. The material for this study was the letters of two American doctors, William Rockwell Thrall and William Lynn McMillen, published in the Daily Ohio State Journal and the Ohio Medical and Surgical Journal. For the first time letters from American physicians are introduced into scholarship. They are interesting not only as a historical source describing the condition of the Russian army and society during the Crimean War, but also as an example of positive experience of cooperation between Russia and the United States. This little-known material, enables to reconstruct a partial picture of American doctors’ service in Finland, their circle of acquaintances and their views on Russia.
37
Filyushkin, Alexander. "The Livonian War and the Mentality of the Russian Nobles". Canadian–American Slavic Studies 47, n. 4 (2013): 420–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22102396-04704006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Livonian War (1558-1583) was responsible for many innovations in Russian warfare. For the first time Russian troops conquered a European state which had a higher level of development than Muscovy. Russian nobles built their own world in Russian Livonia, and for the first time Russian troops were evacuated from another country after a long period of time. All these factors influenced the mentality of the Russian nobles. Nevertheless, the sources demonstrate something quite different, that the Livonian War did not change the mentality of the Muscovite nobles or their attitude toward service. That service was considered fairly routine and was regarded as familiar everyday military labor. In this respect, contemporaries did not separate the Livonian War from an endless succession of wars that shook Russia in the sixteenth century. Apart from the tsar’s early childhood, there were only three more or less peaceful years between 1547 and 1584; during the rest of Tsar Ivan IV’s reign, service people certainly could not complain about the lack of opportunities for military service. The Livonian War hardly impressed the Russian nobles or influenced their outlook on life.
38
Melnik, M. V., B. V. Uvarovskaya, I. P. Makson e A. A. Ivanov. "Prevalence of hypertension in military age males according to physical evaluation results". Systemic Hypertension 14, n. 2 (15 giugno 2017): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/sg29197.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction. The social and medical implication of cardiovascular diseases is determined by their frequency, early disability and high mortality they cause. High mortality of working age men is one of the primary state problems in Russia. The greatest concern is caused by negative changes in health status of men aged 18-27 years who determine the military potential and thus the safety of the country. The defects of public health services and medical support of young men affect the primary criterion of system of preparing citizens to military service effectiveness - fitness for service status. Every 5th young man liable for military service is send to health care facilities for follow-up examination. Also every 4-5th from those on military service discharges from the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation early as improperly called up for military service for medical reasons. Among the reasons for early discharge of military personnel cardiovascular diseases rank first. Objective. To determine prevalence of hypertension as cardiovascular risk factor in military aged male according to physical evaluation results. Materials and methods. An analysis of statistical data provided by State-owned Federal State Institution “The Main Center of Military Medical Examination of the Ministry of Defense of Russian Federation” in the Western Military District in 2011-2016 year and data on results of military-medical examination of recruited men in military registration and enlistment office of Izmaylovo district of Eastern Administrative Okrug in Moscow in 2011-2016 year was conducted. Results. In the Western Military District cardiovascular diseases amounted to 26‰ in 2011, 22.3‰ in 2012, 19.5‰ in 2013, 32‰ in 2014, 32‰ in 2015, and 27‰ in 2016 year. The percentage of newly diagnosed hypertension did not exceed 13.8‰, with its maximum in 2011 year and tendency to decrease through analyzed 6 years (11.4, 10.0, 10.0, 9.0, 7.0‰ respectively). All in all a decrease of total number of young men was observed in Moscow in the last 4 years, from 2011 to 2014. More than 58% military aged male committed to military registration and enlistment office of Izmaylovo district in Moscow have signs of various diseases and are not suitable for military service for health reasons. According to data on disease distribution in the abovementioned district, cardiovascular diseases took the second place and accounted for 12.6% in 2011 year. In the following 2012, 2013, and 2014 years the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases decreased to 8.9, 8.1, and 7.3%, respectively, so they took the 5th place. However, in 2015 and 2016 years cardiovascular diseases were again among the top three, giving way to musculoskeletal and nervous system disorders. Conclusion. Detection of hypertension on initial stages of the disease and differential diagnostics with other diseases with similar clinical symptoms is a crucial task and providing high quality medical support of military men is essential for high military effectiveness of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
39
Yakovlev, V. A., e S. B. Shustov. "Research and practical conference of endocrinologists of the Armed Forces". Problems of Endocrinology 40, n. 1 (15 febbraio 1994): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl11344.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In June 1993, the All-Army Scientific and Practical Conference of Endocrinologists was held in St. Petersburg, dedicated to the memory of Professor D. Ya. Shurygin, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, who for a long time headed the endocrinological service of the Armed Forces. The conference was organized by the medical service of the Armed Forces of Russia and the Military Medical Academy.The conference was attended by the chief therapist of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, corresponding member. RAMS V.T. Ivashkin, endocrinologists of the Military Medical Academy and central military hospitals, a number of leading scientists and endocrinologists of the country from Moscow, St. Petersburg, Saratov and Yekaterinburg, as well as some specialists from neighboring countries. The conference lasted 2 days and consisted of 3 plenary sessions, at which 22 reports were heard. Other participants who submitted abstracts of messages (more than 130 people) could present materials in the form of poster presentations. Conference proceedings published.
40
Vilyaninov, V. N., e N. N. Popova. "The Contribution of Scientists of the Kirov Military Medical Academy to the Development of Military Transfusiology, in Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Professor S.V. Ryzhkov". Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 21, n. 2 (15 dicembre 2019): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma25955.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
June 23, 2019 marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of prominent Russian transfusiologist, professor, student of academic V.N. Shamov, participant of the Stalingrad Battle Semyon Vavilovich Ryzhkov (1919-2004). He was the one who established the Russian Ministry of Defense Blood Service. In 1961, he founded the Research Laboratory of Fibrinolysis Blood and Tissue Preservation, which since 1964 bears the name of the Blood and Tissue Center. He had been the head of the Center for20 years. His academic interests covered such issues as the use of hemodialysis in acute renal failure, the cryopreservation of red blood cells and bone marrow, which brought him the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics State Prize in 1978, the substantiation of the safety of a 400 ml blood donation, and the use of donor hardware plasmacytopheresis. The article presents data on the contribution of the scientists of the Military Medical Academy to the development of the national blood transfusion service from the 2nd half of the XIX century till the establishment of the Ministry of Defense Blood Service in 1965. June 21, 1919V.N. Shamov, N.N. Elansky, and I.R. Petrov carried out the first donor and recipient matching blood transfusion in Russia. They contributed a lot to teaching medical practitioners to do blood type tests. In 1926, N.N.Yelansky was the first in Russia to publish the study Blood Transfusion. In 1944, V.N.Shamov was the first in Russia to publish The Blood Transfusion Manual for Military Doctors. On the battlefields of Lake Hassan, the Khalkhin Gol River, and in Spain, the surgeons of the Military Medical Academy proved the universal type 0 blood transfusion to be a successful technique. The opinions of scientists on blood donation and preservation, indications and contraindications to blood transfusion in peacetime and wartime are presented.
41
Skachkova, G. S. "Civilian personnel and their participation in peacekeeping activities outside Russia". Voprosy trudovogo prava (Labor law issues), n. 2 (28 febbraio 2021): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pol-2-2102-05.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article deals with issues related to the work of civilian personnel. It shows the peculiarities of their legal status in contrast to persons undergoing military or other special service with the assignment of military (special) ranks. Special attention is paid to the participation of the civilian personnel of the power structures in peacekeeping activities outside of Russia.
42
Tkachenko, Il'ya Yur'evich. "Food supply service of the Russian army in the Seven Years' War (1756–1763)". Genesis: исторические исследования, n. 7 (luglio 2021): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2021.7.36044.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article discusses the events of the Seven Years' War from the perspective of supplying the troops of the Russian army with food and adapting it to the European military campaign. An overview is given to the key battles of the Seven Years' War, reflecting the nutrition of troops and activity of certain individuals on maintaining military capability of the army. The author also touches upon the fate of A. V. Suvorov and the beginning of his service as a supply officer, which left an imprint on his future career. The article is based mostly on archival materials of the Russian State Archive of the Ancient Acts, as well as literary sources of scientific nature. The article describes the time of the dawn of the absolutist Russian State, being a powerful international force. The history of food service on the example of the Seven Years’ War of 1756– 1763 is dedicated to the history of food supply of the Russian army and population throughout the Seven Years' War (1756–1763), the main type of supply changed depending on the financial situation of the state. The history of food service in Russia is one of the most remarkable pages in military history. Food service, which established with the advent of the Russian regular army, has been one of the main vectors of activity of the military department for centuries.
43
Shcherbinina, Yuliya, e Evgeniy Nevzorov. "Demographic behavior and family life of military veterans in the Russian Empire in the 18th–19th centuries". Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, n. 178 (2019): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2019-24-178-121-127.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We consider the features of demographic behavior, family and marital life of the representatives of the military class, which includes recruits, lower ranks soldiers, retired soldiers, and soldiers on indefinite leave, service-disabled veterans and members of their families: soldiers’ wives, soldiers’ children – cantonists and soldiers’ daughters. On the basis of involvement of a wide range of archival and published sources and materials we reconstructed family experience and marriage behavior of military veterans in the Russian Empire in the 19th century. We also identify social and legal, estates, domestic conflicts and trends that defined marriage rate, family structure of military veterans. Demographic positions and statistical errors in the calculation of representatives of the military class in the Russian province are clarified. We give a detailed historiographical assessment of the study of the daily and family life of military veterans, as well as the care system for the families of retired and soldiers on indefinite leave, as well as service-disabled veterans. Conclusions are made about the prospects of studying this scientific problem in the works of domestic and foreign historians, demographers, regional researchers, as well as the uni-queness of family and marriage relations among the representatives of the military class in the era of modernizing Russia.
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Evdokimov, V. I., D. A. Chernov, P. P. Sivashchenko, A. A. Vetoshkin e N. A. Mukhina. "Analysis of traumatism in officers of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus (2003–2020)". Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations, n. 3 (10 settembre 2021): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-3-43-58.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Relevance. Traumatism in military personnel is defined as injuries and their consequences occurring over a specified period of time, usually over a year. Trauma rates in the Armed Forces (AF) are important for occupational safety.Intention: To compare trauma rates in officers of the AF of Russia and Belarus over 18 years (2003–2020).Methodology. Medical reports on the state of health of personnel and activities of the medical service were selectively analysed according to Form 3 / MED from those military units where no less than 80% of the total number of officers of the AF of Russia and Belarus served. Blocks of injuries are consistent with Chapter XIX «Injuries, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes» of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Problems Related to Health, 10th revision (ICD-10). Injuries were calculated per 1000 officers (‰), mortality - per 100 thousand officers.Results and Discussion. Among officers of the Russian AF and Belarusian AF in 2003–2020, there were observed average annual rates of injuries (17.25 ± 1.33) and (13.37 ± 1.43) ‰, respectively; hospitalizations with injuries (10.68 ± 0.64) and (7.13 ± 0.81) ‰ (p < 0.01); work days lost (344.4 ± 26.4) and (299.9 ± 25.6) ‰; dismissal rates (0.356 ± 0.068) and (0.118 ± 0.022) ‰; and injury-related mortality (47.24 ± 3.71) and (33.37 ± 5.40) (p < 0.05) per 100 thousand officers of the Russian AF and Belarusian AF, respectively. The congruence (consistency) of trends for injuries, hospitalizations and work days lost among officers of the AF of Russia and Belarus was considered positive and strong, while mortality trends were positively and moderately consistent, thus indicating effects of similar (unidirectional) military occupational factors. Polynomial trends in the dynamics of injuries, hospitalizations, work days lost and mortality among officers of the AF of Russia and Belarus with high determination coefficients showed a decrease. Injuries to the head (Block 1 according to ICD-10), injuries to the hip and lower limbs (Blocks 8-10), injuries involving multiple body regions (Block 11), and injuries to the shoulder girdle and upper limbs (Blocks 5-7) were of high military epidemiological significance for officers of the AF of Russia and Belarus. In addition, sequelae of injuries, of poisoning and of other consequences of external causes (Block 22) turned out to be significant for the Russian AF officers, and injuries to the thorax (Block 3) were significant for the Belarusian AF officers. The above blocks accounted for 88.6 and 85.5% of assessed military epidemiological significance among Russian and Belarusian AF officers, respectively.Conclusion. Traumatism can be managed and is not limited to medical issues. Various military professionals should be actively involved in the analysis of the causal relationships of injuries and their prevention. For example, among officers of the AF of Russia and Belarus injuries often occur during physical training and sports (9.8 and 6.1%, respectively) and during off-duty time (40.4 and 61.2%, respectively).
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Kamenetskii, Ivan. "Ukrainian colonels in exile and in Siberia service in the second half of the 17th century: paradoxes of destiny". OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2024, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2024): 84–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202401statyi11.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article examines the official activities in Ukraine and in Siberian exile of prominent political and military figures: Hetmans Demyan Mnogogreshny, Ivan Samoilovich, colonels Vasily Mnogogreshny, Timofey Tsetsura, Matvey Gintovka, Mikhail Krisa, Ivan Nechai, ataman Ivan Serko and other “disgraced” persons. It is shown that the main reason for their exile to Siberia were political crimes: breaking the oath of allegiance to the Russian Tsar, defection to the Polish king's side, and rivalry between the heads for the hetman's throne. It has been established that after imprisonment and pardon, the former “traitors to the sovereign” and their children were accepted into the Russian service as leaders. Some of them distinguished themselves in battles with the Yenisei Kirghiz, Mongol and Chinese units, and stayed in Siberia forever; others, having returned from exile, continued their military service in European Russia.
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Rudnik, Sergey N. "All-Estate Military Draft and the Caucasus in the Russian Government Policy". Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 67, n. 1 (2022): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2022.102.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A universal conscription system was introduced in Russia in 1874. For thirteen years special rules regulating enrollment of Caucasian peoples had been discussed by the government. With regard to this issue, eight special committees, commissions and sub-commissions were formed in St Petersburg and Tiflis; a number of meetings were held; and numerous notes and projects were written. The article analyzes the process of discussion of this complex and understudied topic in the government circles and Caucasian administration in addition to numerous projects and proposals related to these rules. It is notable that encouraging the highlanders of Caucasia to serve in the Russian army, St Petersburg tried to achieve several goals: firstly, to use their experience as excellent soldiers in the service in Caucasia; secondly, to ease the burden of military service in the inner provinces of Russia, and, finally, to quickly incorporate the peoples of Caucasia into the Russian Empire. As it was crucial to preserve the fragile stability in the region, the government approached the problem of conscription in Caucasia with great caution, considering the factor of ethnic, religious, and socio-cultural diversity of the region; the unstable situation there; the proximity of hostile Turkey; and the population’s fear of recruitment. The abovementioned discussions resulted in the special rules approved by Alexander III in 1886. Thus, the peoples of Transcaucasia, and “the alien population of the Terek and Kuban regions” were required to serve. The Muslim population of Caucasia was exempt from service which was replaced by a special tax.
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Evdokimov, V. I., e P. P. Sivashchenko. "Comparative analysis of medical and statistical indicators of morbidity in the military serving under contract in the Navy and Land Forces of Russia (2003–2018)". Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations, n. 1 (26 aprile 2019): 35–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2019-0-1-35-62.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Relevance. When solving military-professional tasks during the period of reforming the Armed Forces of Russia, military servicemen under contract (sergeants, foremen, privates and sailors) are given a special role, and in a number of units they must replace conscripts.Intention To analize medical and statistical morbidity indicators of military personnel under contract in the Navy and the Land Forces of Russia.Methods. We studied medical reports on the state of health of personnel and medical service activity according to Form 3 / MED of military units, in which about 60% of the total number of servicemen of the Russian Armed Forces served from 2003 to 2018. Morbidity indicators were correlated with the International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, 10th revision (ICD-10).Results and Discussion. As a rule, the military personnel under contract in the Russian Navy had lower morbidity rates with high dismissal rates. In particular, the indicators were as follows: the average annual overall morbidity rates were (855.0 ± 65.3) and (946.9 ± 49.7) ‰ in the military personnel under contract in the Russian Navy and in the Land Forces of Russia, respectively; primary incidence, (384.8 ± 19.3) and (472.0 ± 22.8) ‰, respectively (p < 0.01); need for follow-up, (92.8 ± 9.9) and (74.3 ± 4.7) ‰, respectively; hospital admission rates, (205.8 ± 39.2) and (235.2 ± 13.2) ‰, respectively; working days lost, (4,038 ± 203) and (3.944 ± 196) ‰, respectively; dismissal rates, (6.82 ± 0.57) and (4.40 ± 0.61) ‰, respectively (p < 0.01); mortality rates, (112.13 ± 9.91) and (111.76 ± 7.80) per 100,000 military personnel under contract. It is possible that this phenomenon was determined by the peculiarities of professional activity, the organization of medical support and the high demands placed on the state of health of the Russian Navy servicemen. A significant part of the leading disease blocks with a share of 0.5% or more in the structure of medical and statistical morbidity indicators, were similar between the military personnel under contract in the Navy of Russia and the Land Forces of Russia. In the structure of the assessed military-epidemiological significance of disease blocks among the military personnel under contract of the Russian Navy, acute infections of the upper respiratory tract (J00– 06 by ICD-10) ranked 1st, diseases of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum (K20–K31) ranked 2nd, followed by injuries involving several areas of the body (T08–T14), head injuries (S00–S09), ischemic heart disease (I20–I25). In the military personnel under contract in the Land Forces of Russia, these were the following diseases, from the most to least significant: acute infections of the upper respiratory tract (J00–J06), injuries involving several areas of the body (T08–T14), head injuries (S00–S09), diseases of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum (K20–K31), and infections of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (L00–L08).Conclusion. Prevention of the leading groups of disaeses will contribute to improving the health status of servicemen under contract, and taking data on morbidity into account will help organize diagnostic and treatment assistance and optimize the personnel and material resources of military medical organizations.
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Rostomashvili, E. T., A. I. Levshankov e A. V. Schegolev. "Professor of the Military Medical Academy – Milij Nikolaevich Anichkov". Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 19, n. 2 (15 giugno 2017): 275–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma623444.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Briefly highlights the life path of the graduate of the Military Medical Academy of Kirov Anichkova Milya Nikolaevich. Little-known facts from his life are established. Described are the front-line meetings of M.N. Anichkov with outstanding people of his time. Yudin, A.A. Vishnevsky, A.N. Bakilev. At the Leningrad front, he worked as a military surgeon, being subordinated to the chief surgeon of the front, Major General of the Medical Service, Professor Pyotr Andreevich Kupriyanov. I got great experience as a field surgeon. The role and place of M.N. Anichkov in the accumulation of the Russian experience of intratracheal anesthesia in operations with pneumothorax. Together with M.S. Grigoriev M.N. Anichkov published the first monograph in Russia dedicated to muscle relaxants. Many years of research in the academic anatomical theater in conjunction with Professor ID. Leo led to the publication of the first in Russia anatomical atlas devoted to operations on the aorta. Knowing the perfect German language, Milya Nikolaevich translates into Russian the manual on abdominal surgery Imre Littmann. For a long time M.N. Anichkov conducted friendly correspondence with the famous American surgeon with Michael Ellis Debakey. Foreign students delivered lectures in French.
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Lehfeldt, Werner. "A Russian Shadow over the Assassination in Sarajevo". Slovene 5, n. 1 (2016): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2016.5.1.8.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The main purpose of the present note is to draw attention to a document that contains hints of a possible Russian background to the assassination of the successor to the Austrian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and his wife on 28 June 1914 in Sarajevo. This document was written by the main organizer of this disastrous murder, the chief of the Serbian military secret service, Colonel Dragutin Dimitrijević-Apis, in 1917, when Dimitrijević-Apis was accused of having organized another such attempt on the Serbian regent Aleksandar. Dimitrijević-Apis writes that he made the final decision to organize the murder of Archduke Franz Ferdinand only after he had been assured by the Russian military attaché in Belgrade, Colonel Viktor Artamanov, that Russia would not leave Serbia without military support in case of an Austrian attack.
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Akimkin, V. G., M. Zh Parshin e C. V. Zemlyakov. "THE DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURE OF THE DETECTION OF HIV INFECTION AT THE STAGE OF RECRUITMENT OF CITIZENS FOR MILITARY SERVICE AND DURING THEIR MILITARY SERVICE IN THE ARMED FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION". Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases 17, n. 3 (15 giugno 2012): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/eid40638.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
HIV infection is a major threat to national security of the Russian Federation. Unfavorable epidemiological situation of HIV infection and drug addiction in Russia leads to a significant increase in the number of conscripts, recognized unfitfor military service on health grounds in connection with this disease. The quantitative and structural indices of detection of HIV infection in people at the stage of recruitment and during the period of their service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the dynamics have been analyzed. The most detection rate of HIV infection in soldiers in the regions of the Russian Federation with high prevalence of HIV = disease has been established. With aim to prevent the carrying and further spread of HIV infection in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation the performance of the mandatory medical examination ofpersons qualifying for induction has been suggested.