Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Russia Agrarian politics"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Russia Agrarian politics"
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Wegren, Stephen K. "Rural Politics and Agrarian Reform in Russia". Problems of Post-Communism 43, n. 1 (gennaio 1996): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10758216.1996.11655656.
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Kane, Anne, e Michael Mann. "A Theory of Early Twentieth-Century Agrarian Politics". Social Science History 16, n. 3 (1992): 421–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200016564.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The pre-world war I period decisively structured modern class relations in Europe and the United States. Farmers, the largest population group, greatly influenced the development of capitalism and states. Scholars have demonstrated farmers’ significance in particular areas (e.g., Blackbourn in Germany and Esping-Andersen in Scandinavia), but there has been little comparative analysis. Farmer politics, and thus modern class relations in general, have been inadequately theorized. Most existing work on agrarian classes has also been economistic, neglecting politics. We fill the gaps by analyzing agrarian politics in the United States, France, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia.
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Jurkowski, Roman. "Ziemiaństwo polskie wobec dyskusji o zasadzie przymusowego wywłaszczenia ziemi w I Dumie Państwowej. Zjazd agrarny w Warszawie 27-30 listopada 1906 r. i jego znaczenie". Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 13, n. 2 (8 gennaio 2023): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.8446.
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The article concerns the attitude of the Polish landed gentry to the principle of compulsory expropriation of land, which was accepted in the 1st State Duma by the Polish Circle of the Kingdom of Poland. The Polish conservatives grouped in the Party of Real Politics were decisive opponents of the forced expropriation of private land. In November 1906, they organized a special congress on the agrarian issue in Warsaw in order to receive an assurance from the National-Democratic Party that the party would not support any projects of forced expropriation of lands in the future Duma. At the agrarian congress, the participants discussed ways to restore agriculture in Russia and the Kingdom of Poland, as well as the future cooperation of both parties in the upcoming elections to the Second State Duma (1907).
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Dix, Robert H. "Populism: Authoritarian and Democratic". Latin American Research Review 20, n. 2 (1985): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100034476.
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Populism is one of those terms (democracy is another) that is frequently employed in the study of politics and varies in meaning from context to context and from author to author. Thus the term has been invoked in studies of such agrarian-based movements as nineteenth-century agrarian unrest in the United States and the narodniki of prerevolutionary Russia as well as being applied to the largely urban-based populism of Latin America. Moreover, most of those who have sought to characterize the populist parties in Latin America have done so in broad terms that encompass any party or political movement that has both a mass base and a cross-class composition. Torcuato DiTella's well-known definition characterized populism (in Latin America or elsewhere) as “a political movement which enjoys the support of the mass of the working class and/or the peasantry, but which does not result from the autonomous organizational power of either of these two sectors. It is also supported by non-working class sectors upholding an anti-status quo ideology.” Other Latin American students of populism such as Francisco Weffort and Ernesto Laclau, along with most others who have studied the phenomenon, have similarly broad conceptions of it.
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ORLEVYCH, Iryna. "SPLIT IN THE RUSSOPHILE CIRCLES AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE RUSSIAN AGRARIAN PARTY". Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood 36 (2022): 69–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2022-36-69-93.
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The activity of the Russophile party restored in the interwar period, which remained true to its own ideological orientations, declaring the longevity of its historical tradition and succession to the pre-war institution, is studied. Competing for influence in the political arena, this party, with its inherent conformism, was able to gain the support of the Polish government and regain control of its societies: Stauropegion, «People’s House», «Halychyna-Ruthenian Matica». The problem of fighting for the right to the «People’s House» – the only society for which government commissioners were appointed – has long gripped all Ukrainian politics, becoming the cause of inter-party conflicts and intra-party quarrels of Russophiles, the issue of political bargaining between parties and government in election battles, an indicator of relations with the state and one of the main public discourses. It is shown that the struggle for the «People's House» was an important prerequisite for the split of the «Russian People's Organization» (RPO) in 1926. A group of people led by M. Bachynskyi, L. Cherkavskyi, and O. Lysiak left the RPO and founded the Russian Agrarian Party (RAP), explaining this by the desire to create a «healthy opposition» to the Russophile leadership and more actively defend the rights of the peasantry. RAP members enlisted the support of Polish government officials to seize the «People’s House» and win seats in the 1928 and 1930 elections. In the elections to the Sejm and the Senate in 1928, with the assistance of the Polish government, the RPO and the RAP united, but never received a single mandate. In the 1930 election campaigns, the RAP ran on the same electoral list as the pro-government BB party and won two seats. An attempt is made to please the Polish authorities with the head of the RAP M. Bachynskyi, who declared the difference between the ideology of his political force and all Russophilia, positioning its members as «Ruthenians» who, unlike the RPO, did not seek unification with Russia (but at the same time they continued to profess the idea of the unity of the «Russian» people and used the term «Russian» to mean Ukrainians of Halychyna). M. Bachynskyi's anti-Ukrainian position on complex aspects of Ukrainian-Polish relations is highlighted. This Russophile figure negatively assessed the patriotic Ukrainian forces, including the GCC, which he accused of not stopping the Polish-Ukrainian war of 1918–1919 by its clergy. He also did not condemn the «pacification» carried out by the Polish government against the Ukrainian population, opposed the introduction of national identifiers «Ukrainian», «Ukraine» and others. For the first time, the archives of the Stanislav Voivodeship show attempts by the Polish authorities to support Russophiles from the RAP, calling the members of this party «Ruthenians», just as the Poles called the entire Ukrainian people. It was the agreement policy and unpopularity among the masses that led to the liquidation of the RAP (since 1931 – RAO) in 1934. Its members joined the «Russian Peasant Organization» (RPO)
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Nosova, Natalia P. "The state regulation of the agrarian economy of Soviet Russia in the context of the social deviations of the new economic policy. The institutional aspect". Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, n. 474 (2022): 198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/474/23.
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This article studies the organization of managing the agrarian sector of the economy in the early years of the Soviet state, during the search for a new managerial algorithm and the foundation of state institutions, which later became the basis for a powerful state machine. In the framework of looking for a new concept of social management during the transition to a new economic policy, the author proposes defining the change in public administration as the formation of a new institutional design, which is based on political goal-setting (taking into account the interests of the power groups initiating this process) and implemented through a system of norms and institutions. The effectiveness of the changes in the institutional design depends on a number of issues: the development success of the transformations' program; the sequence of implementing actions by the power structures; and the reaction of the social environment (which is the target of the institutional changes), i.e., its support or rejection of introducing new institutions. In connection with the proposed research concept, this article considers the problem of the impact, which the Soviet state had on the peasantry and the agrarian economy, through the analysis of state institutions and the discourse of the state power organization during the whole historical period of the new economic policy. In addition, the author traces the ways and principles of forming the model (paradigm) of management, revealing the problems and paradoxes of implementing the emerging model. The results show that the construction of the state apparatus for agricultural management in the 1920s fully reflected the specifics of the Soviet power as a “party-state” system. The search for new governance structures was primarily in line with the tasks of stabilizing the new government. In the first half of the decade, these reasons led to the weakening of the centralization in agricultural management, which forced its intensification when the course of pluralism in the economy did not deliver the desired results in politics. By the mid-1920s, the agricultural management (along with the development of the new economic policy's principles) saw the predominance of new principles that went beyond the state regulation of production in individual peasant farming and then formed the foundation of its socialist restructuring. Certain changes happened in the system of the agricultural management bodies. Along with the existing ones, a system of new state institutions was created to manage the socialist sector of the agrarian economy.
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Pashentsev, Dmitry A. "Review of the monograph by Dyusyupova, A.D. (2022) Agrarian relations in Russia in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries: law and politics. Moscow, Yurlitinform Publ." RUDN Journal of Law 26, n. 4 (15 dicembre 2022): 990–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2337-2022-26-4-990-996.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In modern conditions, historical and legal knowledge retains its relevance and topicality. This also applies to the monograph by A.D. Dyusyupova, devoted to the legal regulation of agrarian relations in the Russian Empire. The study is carried out on a large amount of factual material. The experience studied by the author is connected both with domestic legal traditions and modern searches for optimal ways of socio-economic development. In the context of modern global transformations, it is also extremely important to study different models for the development of adjacent and annexed territories, their inclusion into the united legal space and economic life. Therefore, the issues raised in the work of A.D. Dyusyupova undoubtedly contribute to the development of modern historical and legal science.
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Richardson, William. "“To the World of the Future”: Mexican Visitors to the USSR, 1920-1940". Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies, n. 1002 (1 gennaio 1993): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/cbp.1993.53.
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During the 1920s and 1930s the Soviet Union was a place of pilgrimage for foreigners hoping to see a new world in the process of creation. When faced with Soviet reality, most found that their idealized images were far too optimistic, however, and many of them left the country in moods of dejection and disappointment. Some were appalled at the revived bourgeois way of life that seemed to be encouraged by the New Economic Policy of the 1920s, while others were concerned by the growth of bureaucracy and the apparent eagerness of the government to involve itself actively in the intellectual and aesthetic life of the nation, for example. Communist party politics, which became increasingly bitter and caustic, and indeed more public during the second half of the 1920s, caused many other foreigners to question their ideological allegiance to the new Soviet state. The enthusiasm associated with the Five Year plans revived their spirits, however. Here at last, under the leadership of Joseph Stalin and his associates, the peoples of the Soviet Union were beginning to build a new society. Russia was being transformed from a backward agrarian country into a modem industrial state, new towns were being built in virgin territories, and older cities were being reconstructed at a time when the West was sinking ever more deeply into economic depression. Individualism and privatism were being replaced by collectivism, it appeared, and a new egalitarian, proletarian society would provide a model for the world to emulate.
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Skomorokhov, Sergey Nikolaevich. "THE THEME OF COOPERATION IN A. A. NIKONOV'S BOOK "THE SPIRAL OF CENTURIES-OLD DRAMA: AGRARIAN SCIENCE AND POLITICS IN RUSSIA OF XVII-XX CENTURIES", A LOOK AT THE PRESENT". Economy, labor, management in agriculture, n. 6 (2018): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33938/186-85.
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Nochevkina, L. "Institutional Component of Agrarian Reforms". World Economy and International Relations, n. 11 (2014): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2014-11-60-69.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article analyzes the influence of the institutional factor on the process of market transformations in the Russian agrarian sector from the point of view of the institutional theory, namely the transaction costs concept. The author highlights the Russian specifics and the differences of land reforms in this country from those in such countries as Japan, Germany, Scotland, Thailand, and Brazil. The paper provides an in-depth analysis of the relationships between state authorities and landowners, as well as between diverse property regimes. According to this analysis, there are two most significant factors that defined the content and result of the agrarian reforms in Russia: (1) weakness of legal institutions, (2) lack of control over realization and protection of property rights. The author concludes that high transaction costs turned to be the main obstacle during the formation of the land market in this country. Virtually total absence of government’s involvement in the minimization of transaction costs is pointed out. At the same time, according to the international experience, such involvement proved to be essential for eventual success of agrarian reform. As a result of institutional deficiencies Russia faces an absolute reduction of cultivated land and a loss of interest in land as a subject of management or as an attractive investment asset. A matter of special examination of the article is the multiplicity of property regimes in the Russian agrarian sector. They are presented by the farmers, agroholdings, mega-farms, small agribusiness, and agricultural cooperatives. The final conclusion of the author’s analysis of the existing property regimes is that all of them still lack economic viability because of the fundamental institutional deficiencies of land reform in this country.
Tesi sul tema "Russia Agrarian politics"
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Crumley, Michele L. "Sowing Market Reforms: The Internationalization of Russian Agriculture". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. http://amzn.com/1137300809.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
By examining a sector of the economy that was exposed to increased imports more than four decades ago, Crumley illuminates the economic pressures, resistance, and reform that help to shape Russia's agrarian sector today.
Contents: The impact of trade on Russian agrarian institutions: an introduction -- Conceptualizing alternative approaches to institutional change in Russia -- Soviet agrarian institutions and interests -- Administrative and organizational changes as agrarian reform, 1972-1990 -- The decentralization of decision-making institutions in the era of market reforms, 1990-2002 -- Government incentives, traditional values, and the shaping of agrarian interests -- Changes and constraints in agrarian institutions.https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1037/thumbnail.jpg
Libri sul tema "Russia Agrarian politics"
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Purc, Jerzy. Liberałowie i kwestia agrarna w rosyjskiej Dumie Państwowej, 1906-1907. Rzeszów: Wydawn. Wyższej Szkoły Pedagogicznej w Rzeszowie, 1986.
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Rudenko, Alexander, e Jerzy Kaspzhak, a cura di. THE Vth KHMYROVSKY CRIMINALISTIC READINGS. EurAsian Scientific Editions, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56948/wjnz5207.
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On 17 December, 2021 the fifth applied research conference “Khmyrov Criminalistic Readings” was held in the premises of Kuban State University with participation of academic staff from the Russian Federation, near and far-abroad countries – Belarus, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Poland, Lithuania, on the occasion of the 45th anniversary of the establishment of the Criminalistics and Legal Informatics Department. The 2021 conference was one of the most representative in the history of this event. More than 100 applications from scholars all over the world were submitted to participate in the Conference. The Organising and Programme Committees of the Conference included representatives of the Police Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Baku, Azerbaijan), Almaty Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Almaty, Kazakhstan), Baikal State University (Irkutsk, Russia), Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (Kaliningrad, Russia), Belarusian State University (Minsk, Belarus), University of Warmia and Mazury (Poland, Olsztyn), Kuban State University (Krasnodar, Russian Federation), Kuban State University (Moscow, Russia), Kuban State Agrarian University (Krasnodar, Russian Federation), Kuban State Agrarian University (Krasnodar, Russia), Bolashak Academy in Karaganda (Karaganda, Kazakhstan), Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (Krasnodar, Russia), Lomonosov Moscow State University (Moscow, Russia), National Research Tomsk State University (Moscow, Russia). Lomonosov Moscow State University (Moscow, Russia), National Research Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russia), Tula State University (Tula, Russia), Tajik State University of Law, Business and Politics (Khujand, Tajikistan), Mykolas Romeris University (Vilnius, Lithuania), Udmurt State University (Izhevsk, Russia). The purpose of the conference was to perpetuate the scientific heritage of the outstanding Russian scientist, founder of Kuban school of criminalistics Alexander A. Khmyrov (1925-2017) and to elaborate new approaches to the development of criminalistics, forensic expertise, criminal intelligence and surveillance, evidentiary process and other applied branches of legal knowledge. Since the time the conference was held for the first time in 2017, certain areas of scientific research have taken shape where the leading scientists share their findings. The conference invariably attracts attention of Russian and foreign criminalists, experts in the field of evidence, researchers in the sphere of forensic examination and criminal intelligence, information technologies in law enforcement and investigative activities, current employees of pretrial investigation agencies, prosecutors, practicing lawyers. Summaries of proceedings of each conference, containing the main theses of papers and presentations discussed, were published. The conference themes were as follows: 1) Modern problems of criminalistics; 2) Criminalistic aspects of evidentiary process; 3) Trends in development of forensic science; 4) Current issues of criminal intelligence. 5) Interdisciplinary links in forensic science. The conference was distinguished by its focus on discussion of the raised problems and free discourse on a wide range of opinions on the issues under consideration, with strict observance of scientific ethics. The interdisciplinary nature and the breadth of covered fundamental and practical issues made the conference attractive for specialists from Russia and foreign countries representing various scientific fields. In the course of the conference, it became possible to find solutions to many complex scientific challenges and dilemmas owing to the well-coordinated work of the organising committee and the speakers.
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Littlejohn, Gary, e Terry Cox. Kritsman and the Agrarian Marxists. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
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Verzunova, L. V. REPORTS OF THE TSHA ISSUE 293 (PART I). Publishing house of the Russian state agrarian University UN-TA im. K. A. Timiryazeva, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1834-8-2021-824.
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The collection includes articles based on the reports of scientists of the K. A. Timiryazev RGAU-MSHA, other universities and research institutions at the International Scientific Conference dedicated to the 155th anniversary of the K. A. Timiryazev RGAU-MSHA, which was held on December 2-4, 2020. The collection of materials presents: on topical issues of the world economy and foreign economic activity of management in the agro-industrial complex, mathematics and applications, applied information technologies in agricultural economics and education, on the implementation of national projects and the possibility of using marketing tools and tools to ensure the economic security of agribusiness in the conditions of digitalization of the economy, on the state and development of agribusiness; agricultural relations and the agrarian economy of Russia, financial and tax policy of the agro-industrial complex in the digital economy, on the development of accounting and reporting in the information society, on state and municipal management, on philosophy and integrated communications, history and political science, pedagogy and psychology, on the problems of teaching foreign students, studying and teaching foreign and Russian languages, domestic and foreign science in the field of physical culture.
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Kak krest £jan delali otstalymi: Sel £skochozjajstvennye kooperativy i agrarnyj vopros v Rossii 1861-1914 = Making peasants backward ; agricultural cooperatives and the Agrarian question in Russia, 1861-1914. Moskva: Novoe Literaturnoe Obozrenie, 2006.
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Trencsényi, Balázs, Michal Kopeček, Luka Lisjak Gabrijelčič, Maria Falina, Mónika Baár e Maciej Janowski. The Many Faces of Leftism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198737155.003.0003.
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The success of the Bolshevik Revolution confirmed that economic backwardness was not necessarily an obstacle for socialism, as it triggered the radicalization of leftist movements in the region. Yet this also led to polarization of the left on questions of Soviet-Russian developments and possible cooperation with non-socialist parties, as well as agrarian and national questions. While in many countries social democracy entered the political mainstream in the 1920s, its position was undermined by the rise of right-wing authoritarianism. In turn, the Great Depression made the communist position more plausible, but the Stalinization of communist parties and the imposition of socialist realism alienated most intellectual supporters. Eventually, some radical leftists turned against the communist movement attacking its dogmatism and the Stalinist show trials. At the same time, the rise of Nazism forced leftist groups to seek a common ground, first in the form of “Popular Front” ideology, and, during the war, in the form of armed partisan movements.
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Russo, David. American History from a Global Perspective. Praeger, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400610820.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study is the first interpretive text for the study of American exceptionalism and the first overall assessment of geographic, political, economic, social, and cultural aspects of the American past written from a global perspective. Russo argues that life in the United States can be better understood if it is examined from either a wider perspective-the English speaking world, the Western Hemisphere, Western Civilization-or a narrower perspective-regional and local variations. Even when the Americans were innovative-in their multi-ethnic and multi-racial society, in their egalitarian social beliefs, in their political democracy-their innovations were soon copied by others. Therefore, Russo argues, they are no longer distinctly American. Using nations as the basis for fields of study can both reveal and distort the historical record. When one considers different perspectives, America's uniqueness recedes in importance. American culture was a variant of a wider Western culture. The American economy was an extension of Western capitalism, whether agrarian, commercial, or industrial. American society was a Western society with racial castes and multi-ethnic additions to the population. American government functioned like other Western governments, even with innovative forms: Republican, then democratic. The American past is thus seen to be far less distinctive than previous syntheses have assumed.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Russia Agrarian politics"
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Van Atta, Don. "Agrarian Interests and the Politics of Reform in Post-Soviet Russia". In The “Farmer Threat”, 193–212. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429310843-10.
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Wegren, Stephen K. "Political Institutions and Agrarian Reform in Russia". In The “Farmer Threat”, 121–47. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429310843-8.
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Van Atta, Don. "Agrarian reform in Post-Soviet Russia". In Political Economy of Agrarian Reform in Central and Eastern Europe, 321–37. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429446382-11.
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van der Zweerde, Evert. "Socialism and Marxism in Russia: The Peasant Commune is Dead – Long Live the Peasant Commune!" In Russian Political Philosophy, 37–54. Edinburgh University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474460378.003.0003.
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Is it possible to move from feudalism to socialism, bypassing the disasters of capitalism? This chapter focuses on the debate about socialism. It emphasises the presence of a pre-Marxist indigenous tradition of agrarian socialism, partly rooted in Slavophile thought and partly developing into anarchist socialism / communism. Marx’s exchange with Vera Zasulich over Russia’s possible evasion of capitalism contrasts with the formation of philosophical system of Marxism. In all of this, the contrast between philosophical (or scientific) and political agenda’s leads to an instructive dynamics. What various forms of socialism, communism and anarchism share is the emphasis on the necessity and inevitability of revolutionary change.
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Bovykin, V. I., e B. V. Anan’ich. "The Role of International Factors in the Formation of the Banking System in Russia". In International Banking 1870-1914, 130–58. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195062717.003.0007.
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Abstract The formative stage of the Russian banking system was the I 860s and l 870s,-a--period when capitalist relations were being significantly strengthened in the country. Previously, the country lived under serfdom (not abolished until 1861), which fettered and deformed the growth of production, commerce, and credit. Faced with the threat of a revolutionary overthrow of the out dated feudal regime, Russian landowners sacrificed serfdom and embarked upon a gradual bourgeois transformation of the agrarian system and adaptation of the landowner stage to burgeoning capitalism. As a result, capitalist relations in Russia arose under conditions where landowners retained political dominance in the state and a monopoly of a considerable (and the best) part of the country’s land resources.
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Pasko, Olga, Natalia Staurskaya, Alexey Gorodilov e Alexander Zakharchenko. "Agrarian Reforms of the 20th Century in Russia". In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 189–214. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1042-1.ch010.
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Current political and economic reforms, as well as the development of market relations and private property rights, need a retrospect to the experience of the past. An ambitious reform implemented by Russian public entities in the early 20th century was a result of a compromise between the government, society, and individuals. The goals of the reforms offered by Pyotr Stolypin were similar to those of the contemporary ones. Stolypin's reforms aimed at the substitution of group type of land use by public property. The reforms were not evolutional but were motivated by the explosive political and social-economic situation. Another agrarian reform took place in the early 1990s in the Soviet bloc, including the USSR. It aimed at state land property and a centrally planned agrarian economy, the domination of big manufacturers like collective and communal farms, and state pricing control. Despite similar basic principles, the states chose different strategies for the implementation of agrarian reforms.
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Bernstein, Henry. "Marxism(s) and the Politics of Land". In The Oxford Handbook of the Land Politics, C35.S1—C35.S8. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197618646.013.35.
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Abstract This chapter attempts to present a coherent overview of land in the long and diverse histories of capitalist development, according to the ideas of Marx and subsequent Marxist scholarship and political positions, with all their divergences and contentions. It does so in five sections: “Landed Property and Rent in Capitalism,” “Transitions to Capitalism,” “Developments of Capitalism,” “Transitions to Socialism?” and “Marxism(s) and the Politics of Land.” The first locates Marx’s complex discussions of rent in his overall theorization of the capitalist mode of production and reports subsequent uses, adaptations, and extensions of that theory. The second section discusses several key questions in Marxist work on transitions to capitalism in the different times and places in the formation of a capitalist world economy. The third follows up on a central point in the second section—namely, the growing internationalization of capital and sometimes shifting forms of its interests in land and agricultural production. The fourth section offers brief overviews of the most important attempted transitions to socialist property and agriculture, in the twentieth-century Soviet Union and China. The final section includes a reminder of Marx’s brief encounter with the revolutionary Russian populism of his late life, and the inheritance of today’s agrarian populism from the Russian agricultural economist A. V. Chayanov, a near contemporary of Lenin. This section suggests that the positions of many Marxists and agrarian populists often overlap, but that irreconcilable differences remain between Marxist and populist understandings of peasant farmers.
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Erley, Mieka. "Sediment". In On Russian Soil, 68–90. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501755699.003.0005.
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This chapter discusses sediment as the symbol of an Asiatic past in the Bolshevik cultural imaginary. It focuses on the joint cultural and geopoetic projects the Soviets undertook in the 1920s and 1930s to de-sedimentize the archaic cultural stratum that configures the surface of socialist modernity. Soil symbolized the primitive ground under modern Soviet culture, but it was also the very material substance of the agrarian economy and peasant life. The chapter considers how the Soviet construction site becomes the ground for the violent assault on historical sediment — material, political, and psychic. It highlights the two novels that reflect on sedimentation and excavation as processual metaphors for the transformation of nature (through Soviet construction) and the reform of human nature (through perekovka, or political and psychological reform): Boris Pilniak's The Volga Falls to the Caspian (Volga vpadaet v kaspiiskoe more, 1930), and Bruno Jasienski's Man Changes His Skin (Chelovek meniaet kozhu, 1932–1933). The juxtaposition of these two spaces is central to the author's analysis because despite the expected differences, the authors of these works associate the past and its sediments with Asian belated development.
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Popović, Nikola. "Trade relations between Serbia and Russia in the 19th century". In Russian volunteers in Serbia 1876. Thematic collection of works, 131–67. Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences; M. Jovanović Center for Russian and Eastern European Studies of the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade; Russian Science Institute in Belgrade, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/7576-0472-5-8.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the foreign trade of the Principality and the Kingdom of Serbia during the 19th century, the Habsburg Monarchy, Austria-Hungary, occupied the first place. The value of trade with Russia and neighboring countries lagged behind. This was a consequence of the underdevelopment of political relations and the agrarian nature of the economy. Only with general technological progress (modernization) will there be an increase in the production of various, even luxury goods, which expanded trade. It was clear to the ruling class of Serbia and its like-minded people since the time of Garasanin that in order to achieve the national ideal (liberation and unification) it is necessary to have material strength and a powerful ally.
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Frey, Emily. "Rimsky-Korsakov, Snegurochka, and Populism". In Rimsky-Korsakov and His World, 63–96. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691182711.003.0002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter looks at Rimsky-Korsakov's Snegurochka (The Snow Maiden) in the political context of the era, namely within a particular branch of 1870s populism that extolled “harmonious communal ritual, agrarian prehistory, and the development of individual feeling.” Together, the Snegurochkas of Alexander Ostrovsky and Rimsky-Korsakov offer perhaps the clearest representations in art of the populist notion of the ideal past, depicting the prehistoric village as a site of social cooperation and humane politics. Indeed, in his adaptation of Snegurochka, Rimsky-Korsakov united an idealized vision of the past with the progress of private, inner feeling. Meanwhile, Russia's thick journals of the seventies brimmed with articles by populist thinkers like Nikolai Mikhailovsky and stories about village life by writers such as Gleb Uspensky and Nikolai Zlatovratsky.