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1
Su, Guibin, e Huiming Jiang. "Influence of Rural Industrial Integration on Farmers’ Income in China". African and Asian Studies 21, n. 4 (24 ottobre 2022): 367–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341571.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Rural transportation infrastructure is an important foundation for rural economic development and plays an important role in the process of rural industrial integration to increase farmers’ income. Based on China’s inter-provincial panel data from 2014 to 2019, this paper classifies rural transportation infrastructure from the perspective of external connection level, and empirically analyzes the role of the scale, type, and structure of rural transportation infrastructure in the process of rural industrial integration to increase farmers’ income. It is found that in China, rural industrial integration is conducive to increasing farmers’ income. In the process of rural industrial integration to increase farmers’ income, the overall scale of rural transportation infrastructure has played a synergistic role; Different types of rural transportation infrastructure play different roles. Township-village transportation infrastructure mainly shows synergy, while city-township transportation infrastructure mainly shows substitution. Optimizing rural transportation infrastructure structure is conducive to strengthening rural industrial integration and increasing farmers’ income. When the ratio of township-village and city-township transportation infrastructure scale is less than 1.921, rural industrial integration fails to increase farmers’ income; When the ratio of rural-village and urban-rural transportation infrastructure is between 1.921 and 7.808, the promotion of rural industrial integration on farmers’ income increase begins to be significant; When the ratio of rural-village to urban-rural transportation infrastructure is greater than 7.808, the promotion of rural industrial integration on farmers’ income will further increase.
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Green-Hernandez, Carol. "Transportation Challenges in Rural Healthcare". Nurse Practitioner 31, n. 12 (dicembre 2006): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.npr.0000393077.02176.6b.
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Kotani, Kazuhiko. "Transportation Issues in Rural Healthcare". Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health 53, n. 2 (31 marzo 2020): 149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.038.
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Green-Hernandez, Carol. "Transportation Challenges in Rural Healthcare". Nurse Practitioner 31, n. 12 (dicembre 2006): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006205-200612000-00003.
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Espinosa, Judith M., Eric F. Holm e Mary E. White. "Creating Intelligent, Coordinated Transit". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1927, n. 1 (gennaio 2005): 138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192700116.
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New Mexico is among the first states in the United States to develop, implement, and deploy contactless, smart card technology in a rural area. The Alliance for Transportation Research Institute, working with the New Mexico Department of Transportation's Public Transportation Programs Bureau, developed the Intelligent, Coordinated Transit (ICTransit) smart card technology and the Client, Referral, Ridership, and Financial Tracking (CRRAFT) software. The U.S. Department of Transportation's FTA–FHWA Joint Program Office provided federal funding for the project. The ICTransit smart card functions as a universal use electronic fare card, enabling passengers to transfer between transit providers to access jobs, education, and health care beyond their local rural communities. ICTransit's Global Positioning System receiver and Pocket PC capture the time and location that passengers board and exit the vehicle and the passenger miles traveled on the vehicle. The CRRAFT software system for express scheduling, automatic generation of monthly financial reports, and onboard tracking of ridership provides increased efficiency in rural areas. The ICTransit system with CRRAFT can overcome barriers to coordinated interagency transportation and provide increased access and mobility to all, but especially to those underserved by public transportation. ICTransit with CRRAFT can empower states to build coordinated transportation networks that provide safe and seamless movement of people and enhance the quality of life.
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Li, Li Hui, e Jun Wang. "Study on Equalization of Urban-Rural Public Transportation". Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (maggio 2012): 1761–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.1761.
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Urban - rural public transportation is meaningful for promoting the urban and rural turnover, making the benefit of passenger resources comprehensive maximization. Equalization of urban-rural public transportation is important for coordinating of urban and rural development, promoting the integration of urban and rural areas, eliminating the urban and rural development imbalance .But it' not equal between urban and rural public traffic at present due to the demand, the management model different in China. It’s necessary to clear and improve the position of urban –rural public transportation in the social security system, to establish financial support system combine fairness and efficiency, establish the assessment and evaluation mechanism of urban-rural public transportation development level to promoting the development equally of urban-rural public transportation
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Cook, Thomas J., Judson J. Lawrie e Andrew J. Henry. "From Rural Single-County to Multicounty Regional Transit Systems: Benefits of Consolidation". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1841, n. 1 (gennaio 2003): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1841-06.
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A research study developed recommendations for activities to consolidate single-county rural public transportation systems into regional multicounty transit systems in North Carolina. The study identified opportunities from regionalization of public transit services, examined barriers to integration and consolidation of transit systems regionally, evaluated best practices from case study sites, and made recommendations for programmatic and legislative changes to facilitate the implementation of regional transit systems in both metropolitan and rural areas of the state. Emphasis is on the rural component of the study, in summarizing regionalization issues and recommendations for the consolidation of rural single-county into multicounty transit systems. Consolidation of rural public transportation systems into regional entities is another step in further coordinating public transportation services in the state. However, there is a public transportation system now operating in all 100 North Carolina counties. Therefore, the thrust of regionalization will be to consolidate existing rural transportation systems into regional entities. There are key programmatic and legislative aspects of interest to state departments of transportation, transportation planners, and policymakers. Case studies also gathered information from associated state department of transportation staff, to include both the state and local perspectives on regional rural transportation systems.
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Esmaeili, Leila, e Seyyed AliReza Hashemi G. "Rural Intelligent Public Transportation System Design". International Journal of Information Technologies and Systems Approach 8, n. 1 (gennaio 2015): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitsa.2015010101.
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In order to improve the level of intelligence, availability, convenience, information and humanization of rural public transportation systems, they are more willing to use modern information and communicative technologies. In addition to management services, intelligent transportation systems can provide passengers, drivers and other institutions with other services such as trip planning, tracking and so forth. In this paper the authors have attempted to present a comprehensive design of rural ITS based on cloud and grid computing, RFID, GPS, GIS, etc. through e-commerce and particularly m-commerce in order to improve the rural transportation management and presentation of user-centric services. Also according to the design, intercity transportation services to passengers are re-engineered. The results show proposed design with distribution infrastructure improves the performance of e-commerce and ISs in transportation domain. The system designed on this paper regardless of the possible challenges could efficiently cover the problems of rural transportation of newly developing countries.
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MORIYAMA, Masayuki. "Public Transportation Policies in Rural Areas". Japanese Journal of Real Estate Sciences 26, n. 4 (2013): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5736/jares.26.4_96.
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Sych, Lawrence. "REINVENTING GOVERNMENT AND RURAL PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION:". Review of Policy Research 16, n. 3-4 (24 giugno 2005): 220–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1999.tb00884.x.
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Sheffield, John W., e Umit O. Koylu. "A rural hydrogen transportation test bed". International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 34, n. 14 (luglio 2009): 6000–6004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.027.
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Xu, Hong, Jin Zhao, Xincan Yu, Xiaoxia Mei, Xinle Zhang e Chuanjie Yan. "A Model Assembly Approach of Planning Urban–Rural Transportation Network: A Case Study of Jiangxia District, Wuhan, China". Sustainability 15, n. 15 (2 agosto 2023): 11876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151511876.
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Planning transportation networks between urban and rural areas is of crucial importance for the integration of urban and rural development, for socio-economic connectivity, and for sustainable growth. The study offers a model assembly approach in order to logically plan an integrated urban–rural transportation network that may support the coordinated development of its living–production–ecological space. Within this approach, the ordinary least squares (OLS) linear regression analysis method is used to investigate the correlation between urban and rural areas of a transportation network and the influencing factors in the living–production–ecological space so as to objectively analyze their degree of influence. These factors are size of town, urban and rural settlements, life services, supporting transportation facilities, trunk layout, external transport links, cargo hubs, logistics and transportation, enterprise distribution, agricultural production, terrain, distribution of water systems, tourism resources, heritage preservation, and ecological protection. The analytic hierarchy method is used to assign weight to the urban and rural transportation network planning impact index system. As a result, a transportation network planning decision hierarchy model is implemented to identify suitable areas for urban and rural transportation network construction and to provide guidance and reference for planning. Jiangxia District, Wuhan, China is selected as the study area to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the model. The findings indicate that the influencing factors of urban and rural industrial and ecological space have a significant impact on the transportation network in the research area. Planning should prioritize optimizing the central region’s transportation network structure and enhancing traffic flow between urban and rural communities, which is effectively in line with the current reality. The suggested approach is helpful in establishing case-study-specific planning and development strategies of urban and rural integrated transportation networks in the age of big data, as well as in balancing these influencing factors in living, production, and ecological spaces when planning an integrated urban and rural transportation network.
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Burkhardt, Jon E. "Successful Coordinated Transportation Services in Rural Communities". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1903, n. 1 (gennaio 2005): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105190300107.
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Many share the vision of improved mobility for all residents of rural communities and look forward to productive and cost-effective transportation services with much public support. But today many rural communities still face meager transportation funding, multiple funding sources and service objectives, limited services, and inadequate public interest and transportation investments. As a result, coordination initiatives are receiving even greater attention at all levels of government. A TCRP project focused on how to implement coordinated transportation services in rural communities. New data included a survey of coordination practices of all 50 states and case studies of dozens of coordinated transportation operations. Ten states and 29 local sites were found to offer significant lessons about procedures and strategies. These efforts resulted in a list of coordination strategies that rural communities could pursue toward realizing significant transportation benefits. Although the process can be challenging, coordination offers resource management strategies to improve the performance of various individual transportation services and overall mobility in a community. Greater efficiency helps to stretch scarce and precious funding and personnel resources of the agencies. Coordination can significantly reduce per trip operating costs for rural transportation providers. People with special transportation needs often benefit from the greater amount of transportation and higher-quality services when transportation providers coordinate operations. Coordinated transportation services often have access to more funds and are thus able to achieve economies of scale. They have more sources of funds and other resources. They also can offer more visible transportation services for consumers in rural communities and less confusion about how to access services.
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Rodríguez-Urrego, L., B. González-Díaz, N. Martín-Dorta e E. González-Díaz. "Sustainable Mobility in Rural Environments: The Role of Hydrogen in Rural Transportation Evolution". Renewable Energies, Environment and Power Quality Journal 2 (luglio 2024): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/reepqj24.318.
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This paper examines the critical role of hydrogen in advancing sustainable mobility within rural landscapes, addressing the urgent global need for cleaner transportation solutions. Despite the focus on urban centers, rural areas present unique challenges and opportunities for implementing sustainable mobility solutions, particularly in developing countries and regions undergoing economic transition. Through an analysis of current trends, challenges, and future directions, we explore the integration of hydrogen technologies in rural transportation systems. This includes evaluating the environmental and social impacts of transitioning to hydrogen-based mobility, the potential for hydrogen to serve as a low-emission transportation vector, and the necessity of governmental and institutional frameworks to support such a transition. Our findings underscore the importance of innovative models and good practices in technology applications, including demand-sensitive transport and shared mobility, to facilitate social inclusion and environmental sustainability in rural mobility. The paper aims to contribute to the discourse on sustainable rural transportation by highlighting the need for comprehensive research, policy development, and the adoption of hydrogen technologies to address the unique mobility needs of rural communities. Key words. Sustainable Mobility, Rural Transportation, Hydrogen Energy, Environmental Impact, Policy Frameworks.
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Li, Cheng Bing, Yi Zhang, Rui Xue Guo e Xi Lu Li. "The Research of Hohhot in the Integration of Urban and Rural Public Transport Management System". Applied Mechanics and Materials 568-570 (giugno 2014): 1889–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.568-570.1889.
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At present, the integration of urban and rural public transportation Hohhot is at an early stage, the thesis mainly studies the management of the integration of urban and rural public transportation system, analyzes the existing problems of integration of urban and rural public transport management system, puts forward the major traffic management mode, in the presence of Hohhot itself, puts forward about the strategy for the development of the integration of urban and rural public transportation management system, through these proposals and Suggestions to promote the development of Hohhot urban and rural public transportation integration.
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Sun, Hai Jun, Pei Zhang e Lei An. "Research on Planning and Performance Appraisal of Mass Rail Transportation in Metropolitan Area Guided by Urban-Rural Integration - Taking Xi'an as an Example". Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (agosto 2013): 2266–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.2266.
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The urban-rural integration is an effective way to eliminate the urban-rural dual structure, and narrow the gaps between urban and rural areas. Planning and construction of rail transportation should be emphasized in order to promote the process of urbanization in metropolitan areas and meet or guide the demands of free flow of urban and rural elements. Based on the analysis of rail transportation which is an important driving force of urban-rural integration development of metropolitan areas in details, the article discusses mass rail transportation planning and construction in metropolitan area choosing Xi'an metropolis as an example, and evaluates the rail transportation implementation performance oriented by the urban-rural integration, aiming to better guide planning and implementation of rail transportation in urban and rural areas, as well as to provide references for other regions in China.
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I. Bassey, Sunday, Salvation Eteng e Eric Friday Ewah. "Assessment of Rural Transportation in Abi Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria". Global Sustainability Research 1, n. 2 (1 dicembre 2022): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.56556/gssr.v1i2.367.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Generally, the survival of regions and locations is predicated among others, on the corridors of accessibility. In contemporary times, transportation is regarded as the life wire of development and a lot is dependent on it. In spite of its importance, there is neglect in the development and maintenance of rural transportation system especially in countries of the developing world such as Nigeria. Based on this assertion, this paper seeks to assess the level of service of rural transportation in Abi Local Government Area of Cross River State. The study specifically sought to identify the various modes and means of transportation in the study area, examine the contributions of rural transportation to the socio-economic development of the area, identify the problems militating against effective rural transportation services and make recommendations for improvement. The study relied on questionnaire, interviews and observations for data collection. A total of 400 copies of questionnaire were distributed and 377 copies were retrieved and used for analysis. The study used tables, charts and simple percentages for data presentation and analysis. The hypothesis that was formulated was tested using simple linear regression. The study observed that motorcycle is the most preferred mode of transportation by respondents in the study area. The result of the hypothesis showed that the level of service of rural transportation does not have significant effect on the socio-economic development of the area. This imply that socio-economic development in the study area is not completely tied to the level of service of rural transportation. Furthermore, the problems militating against effective rural transportation services include poor funding and difficult terrain. The study suggested that funding for road rehabilitation be increased by the government and other sources of funding such as Public Private Partnerships be advocated in the road development/rehabilitation process.
Keywords: Transportation, rural transportation, mode of transportation, means of transportation, level of service.
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Li, Bing, e Min Li. "Research on Terminal Construction and Operation Management about the Integration of Urban and Rural Bus". Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (giugno 2014): 2584–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.2584.
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The speeding up of urbanization and urban-rural integration development strategy between urban and rural passenger flow increase rapidly. Urban and rural public transportation as a link between the central cities and vast rural areas, has a very important role.It can not only meet the demand of urban and rural residents, build and improve the structure of urban and rural dweller, also greatly promote the development of China's urban and rural integration process.Aiming at the existing problem of rural passenger transport, from the aspects of operating mode, equipped with the capacity to improve to accelerate the process of integration of urban and rural public transportation, take unified transportation operation mode.Taking Hohhot as an example, aiming at the problems of the city and then put forward the development strategy of public transportation, and gives the corresponding safeguard measures effectively.
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Miller, Vivian, Jordan Wilfong, Melissa Burek e Logan Lanson. "Identifying the Transportation Needs of a Rural Aging Community: Findings From a Community Assessment". Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (1 dicembre 2020): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2465.
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Abstract Community senior centers are tasked with providing aging adults services and programs, congregate meals, and transportation, set forth by the Older Americans Act. The overall function of senior centers is especially critical for rural communities, as rural communities are home to a greater proportion of older adults compared to metropolitan and low-density urban areas. To assess the current needs of the aging population in rural Northwest, OH, a total of 9 focus groups were held (N=45) as part of a larger mixed-methodological study. Through this work, older adults identified limitations of the current senior center transportation. A lack of transportation and accessibility of current transportation were noted as barriers to full senior center use. Findings from this study confirm disparities in rural transportation; a lack of transportation is a major obstacle to program completion. Recommendations address the unique challenges and needs for transportation services for in rural communities are presented.
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Qin, Xiaodi, Haitao Wu e Tiecheng Shan. "Rural infrastructure and poverty in China". PLOS ONE 17, n. 6 (9 giugno 2022): e0266528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266528.
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The study develops a theoretical framework of how irrigation and drainage infrastructure and rural transportation infrastructure influence poverty. Using panel data on 31 provinces in China from 2002 to 2017, this paper estimates basic and continuous difference-in-differences (DID) models to investigate the preliminary impact of irrigation and drainage infrastructure and rural transportation infrastructure on poverty and further explores the influence mechanisms of these rural infrastructures on poverty by using the mediating effect model. The results show that irrigation and drainage facilities infrastructure can directly reduce poverty. On the one hand, rural transportation infrastructure directly leads to rural hollowing out and aggravates rural poverty; on the other hand, it indirectly promotes poverty reduction by stimulating economic growth. Overall, the positive and negative effects of rural transportation infrastructure on poverty offset each other.
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Martí, Pasqual, Jaume Jordán, Fernando De la Prieta e Vicente Julian. "Optimization of Rural Demand-Responsive Transportation through Transfer Point Allocation". Electronics 12, n. 22 (17 novembre 2023): 4684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12224684.
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Rural mobility has a lack of innovative proposals in contrast with its urban counterpart. This research aims to bring solutions that ease the implementation of reliable and flexible rural transportation. Demand-responsive transportation is chosen to develop a public transportation service providing interurban trips among several rural settlements. Given the characteristics of rural displacement demand, a novel approach is introduced to optimize the service’s economic costs: the dynamic transfer point allocation. The problem is fully formulated and an architecture is introduced describing the workflow of the whole system. Data from an interurban bus transportation service are used to build a case study of a rural area of Valencia, Spain, and develop several examples illustrating the benefits of the proposed approach. The results reveal that the dynamic creation of transfer points can simplify the transportation fleet’s itineraries and boost the amount of served travel requests. Finally, a discussion of the benefits and dangers of flexible features in rural transportation is developed, underscoring the need to achieve a balance between dynamic operation and service quality.
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Stommes, Eileen S., e Dennis M. Brown. "Moving Rural Residents to Work". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1903, n. 1 (gennaio 2005): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105190300106.
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Rural areas present special challenges for meeting the transportation needs of individuals, especially people without cars. Congress established the Job Access and Reverse Commute (JARC) program in 1998 to assist states and localities in developing transportation services to connect welfare recipients and other low-income residents to jobs and other support programs. There are key results of a study examining eight rural areas receiving JARC funding in Fiscal Year 1999. Specific program elements include the implementation process, transportation services provided, and solutions developed to deal with the challenges of distance and low population densities that rural transit systems frequently face.
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Huang, Qiuyi, Xiaoping Zheng e Ruimei Wang. "The Impact of the Accessibility of Transportation Infrastructure on the Non-Farm Employment Choices of Rural Laborers: Empirical Analysis Based on China’s Micro Data". Land 11, n. 6 (12 giugno 2022): 896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11060896.
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Non-agricultural employment plays a significant role in alleviating regional poverty. Using the micro data of the China Labor-Dynamics Survey (CLDS), this paper empirically analyzes the impact of the accessibility of rural transportation infrastructure on the non-agricultural employment choices of rural laborers by using the entropy method and the ordered Logit model. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between the accessibility of rural transportation infrastructure and the non-agricultural employment of rural laborers. The study also finds that the laborers participating in non-agricultural employment in villages with good transportation infrastructure will prefer to be employed in nearby locations, and the development of the rural non-agricultural economy is an important reason. Further analysis clearly shows that gender, the family dependency ratio, and rural terrain characteristics affect the choices made by laborers with respect to non-agricultural employment. Based on the research results, focusing on a transportation and industry model and considering the construction of transportation infrastructure as a guide, especially in areas with poor terrain, promoting the development of rural non-agricultural industries can help solve the problem in rural areas and in women’s employment where family members or accompanying personnel are left behind, and can promote the orderly transfer of rural laborers.
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Wang, Zhiyang, e Sizhong Sun. "Transportation infrastructure and rural development in China". China Agricultural Economic Review 8, n. 3 (5 settembre 2016): 516–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-09-2015-0115.
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Purpose The infrastructure investment is one important source of economic growth in China in the past three decades. However it is not clear to what extent such investment affects development in rural area. The purpose of this paper is to explore this impact both conceptually and quantitatively, and draw policy implications from the empirical exercise. Design/methodology/approach The authors first describe the conceptual link between the transportation infrastructure and rural development, which motivates the empirical model. Then by utilizing an autoregressive distributed lag model, the authors estimate both the short- and long-run impacts of the transportation infrastructure on rural development, in terms of cereal yield and per capita net income of rural households. Findings The authors find that investment in transportation infrastructure positively affects rural development in China. In terms of cereal yield, a 1 percent increase in the road infrastructure (road length) leads to around 0.05 percent increase in cereal yield in the short-, and around 0.19 percent increase in the long-run. In terms of the per capita net income of rural households, a 1 percent increase in the road infrastructure results in around 0.14 percent increase in the short-, and its long-run impact is not statistically significant. The positive impacts lend supports to promote investment in the transportation infrastructure. To this end, in addition to the government funding, the participation of private capital can also be promoted through a number of channels, such as the build-operate-transfer, public-private partnership, and establishment of infrastructure investment bank. Originality/value This study evaluates the impacts of transportation infrastructure on rural development in China. Despite of the importance of infrastructure and rural development, there is a lack of study on the interaction between them. This paper intends to fill in this gap. In addition, implications drawn in this exercise can benefit policy makers not only in China, but also in other developing countries.
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Yang, Qingyan, Virginia Sisiopiku, Jim A. Arnold, Paul Pisano e Gary G. Nelson. "Assessment of Rural Intelligent Transportation System Wireless Communications Solutions". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1739, n. 1 (gennaio 2000): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1739-07.
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Rural transportation systems have different features and needs than their urban counterparts. To address safety and efficiency concerns in rural environments, advanced rural transportation systems (ARTS) test and deploy appropriate intelligent transportation systems (ITS) technologies, many of which require communication support. However, wireless communication systems that currently serve urban areas often are not available or suitable in rural environments. Thus, a need exists to identify communication solutions that are likely to address successfully the needs and features of ARTS applications. Current and emerging wireless communications systems and technologies have been systematically assessed with respect to rural ITS applications. Wireless communication functions associated with rural ITS functions are first identified. Then requirements for applicable communication technologies in the rural environment are defined. Existing and emerging wireless communication systems and technologies are reviewed and evaluated by a systematic process of assessing rural ITS wireless solutions. Finally, recommendations for future research and operational tests are offered. The analysis results are expected to benefit rural ITS planners by identifying suitable wireless solutions for different rural contexts.
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Burkhardt, J. E. "Transportation for the Elderly in Rural America". Public Policy & Aging Report 12, n. 1 (1 settembre 2001): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ppar/12.1.9.
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Ranković Plazinić, Biljana, e Jadranka Jović. "Women and transportation demands in rural Serbia". Journal of Rural Studies 36 (ottobre 2014): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2014.08.002.
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Rao, A. R. "Energy consumption in rural transportation in India". Energy 10, n. 5 (maggio 1985): 681–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(85)90099-4.
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Jenkins, Steven V. "Technology Transfer in Western Rural Areas". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1565, n. 1 (gennaio 1996): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196156500103.
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Although rural cities and counties in the West appear stable with respect to available resources and demands on their transportation systems, changes in demands and available resources are becoming more evident. Available transportation resources in rural areas are limited at the same time that agriculturally based areas are exploring ways to strengthen their economies. A common approach by local officials is to use the same resources as they have in the past and solve problems as they arise rather than conduct systematic planning for the future. Increasing traffic demands on rural transportation systems, environmental pressures, strict standards, and diversified use make solutions harder to find. Today's legal environment forces cities and counties to adhere to minimum standards in construction and maintenance. The current need for technology transfer and providing assistance to local officials to solve transportation problems is focused on. Several factors adversely affect the transfer of needed information. They fit into two basic categories: ineffective communication on the part of the giver and a lack of desire or ability to receive needed information by local officials. Programs at technology transfer centers throughout the West have been developed to improve the quality and availability of training. The programs are designed to reduce travel, time involvement, cost, and effort required by the local transportation officials to participate in training activities. All of these ideas define technology transfer as communication.
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Mjelde, James W., Rebekka M. Dudensing, Geoffrey Battista, Jonathan Brooks, Maria Carrillo, Blane Counsil, Anil Giri, Man-Keun Kim e V. Dimitra Pyrialakou. "Rural Transportation Conference Participants’ Opinions and Concerns Pertaining to Transit for Older Adults". SAGE Open 10, n. 2 (aprile 2020): 215824402092403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020924036.
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Mobility remains a vital part of the well-being of rural-living, older adults and transportation disadvantaged persons. This study seeks to identify research and policy needs related to rural transit for older people and the transportation disadvantaged. To obtain this goal, the multidisciplinary study team conducted two activities as part of a 2016 rural transportation conference: a survey of conference attendees and open discussion to elicit additional information. Results suggest the attendees felt the need for rural transit for older adults would continue to increase with public and private funding being critical issues. Respondents had similar opinions about challenges and opportunities across socioeconomic characteristics including age, gender, political leaning, rurality, and organizational function. This suggests an opportunity to mobilize support for public transportation.
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Wang, Jiangyan, e Eugene M. Wilson. "Using Traffic Counts in Rural Statewide Transportation Planning". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1593, n. 1 (gennaio 1997): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1593-03.
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Statewide transportation planning in a rural state is presented to illustrate demand modeling using spreadsheet programs. An interactive planning approach is developed through the planner-computer interface approach to select the most applicable traffic count data for model input. For rural states in which spatial segmentation between communities is large, modeling fewer specific trip purposes is proposed. In Wyoming, this stratification resulted in two analysis trip purposes for rural statewide planning. This simplification and the results of the interactive modeling procedure illustrate the benefits of a tailored approach to statewide transportation planning for rural states with limited commuter work trips.
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Brual, Janette, Shannon Gravely-Witte, Sheena Kayaniyil, Donna E. Stewart e Sherry L. Grace. "Distance and Transportation as Barriers to Cardiac Rehabilitation in Urban and Rural Coronary Artery disease Outpatients". Clinical & Investigative Medicine 30, n. 3 (1 giugno 2007): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v30i3.1718.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a proven means to reduce morbidity and mortality among cardiac outpatients but is grossly under-utilized. Transportation, distance and travel time are frequently cited barriers to participation. The purpose of this study was to compare CR participation rates between urban and rural cardiac outpatients and examine perceived distance and transportation barriers.
Methods: 255 cardiac outpatients (mean age 68+11 years; 76%(194) male) of 97 Ontario cardiologists completed a survey within an on-going prospective study. The second digit of A0A in the postal code designated rural status and was verified with Statistics Canada 2001 Census. Using a 5-point Likert scale outpatients indicated the degree to which transportation and distance were barriers and self-reported travel time to CR and percentage of sessions attended.
Results: 87% (223) of outpatients lived in an urban area, while 13% (32) were rural. Overall, 44%(113) participated in CR, with 46% (102) urban and 34% (11) being rural (P > 0.05). Transportation barriers were significantly related to CR participation (P < 0.01), whereas distance was not. Data were split by geographic area and transportation was only significantly related to CR participation among urban outpatients (P < 0.01). Urban outpatients reported a mean travel time of 25±18 minutes compared to 68±53 for rural outpatients (P < 0.0001). The mean percentage of CR sessions participated in was 84±28%, which did not differ by geographic status.
Conclusions: Contrary to previous research, living in a rural area and perceived distance were not related to CR participation. However data collection is ongoing. Rural outpatients had longer travel times yet perceived no distance or transportation barriers. Transportation barriers for urban outpatients may be related to population density and traffic delays. Efforts to reduce transportation-related barriers in urban areas such as improving public transportation or increasing home-based CR provision may be warranted.
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Chanieabate, Meseret, Hai He, Chuyue Guo, Betelhem Abrahamgeremew e Yuanji Huang. "Examining the Relationship between Transportation Infrastructure, Urbanization Level and Rural-Urban Income Gap in China". Sustainability 15, n. 10 (22 maggio 2023): 8410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15108410.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The development of transportation infrastructure plays a pivotal role in the regional economy from multiple dimensions. The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between transportation infrastructure development and income inequality in urban and rural areas of China. The study utilizes panel data from 30 provinces, spanning the years 2010 to 2020, and employs the spatial Dubin model to measure and test the impact of transportation infrastructure on the urban-rural income gap. Furthermore, an intermediary effect test method is used to investigate the potential mediating effect of urbanization in this relationship. The results indicate that transportation infrastructure has a significantly negative direct, indirect, and total effect on the urban-rural income gap, with the indirect effect being greater than the direct effect. This suggests that transportation infrastructure can effectively reduce income disparities, with a noticeable spatial spillover effect. The level of urbanization plays a significant intermediary effect on the effect of transportation infrastructure on the urban-rural income gap, highlighting the role of transportation infrastructure in improving urbanization and narrowing income disparities. These findings underscore the importance of enhancing both the level of urbanization and cooperation between neighbouring regions in order to maximize the benefits of transportation infrastructure development for reducing income disparities and promoting regional balance in China.
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Kaiser, Noah, e Christina K. Barstow. "Rural Transportation Infrastructure in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Review of Impacts, Implications, and Interventions". Sustainability 14, n. 4 (14 febbraio 2022): 2149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14042149.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The rural transport infrastructure sector is a critical force for sustainable development that is interwoven with many other sectors. Rural transportation is an underlying driver of many of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and a crucial contributor to many socioeconomic benefits for rural people around the world. This review paper expands upon, enhances, and cross-references the perspectives outlined in previous rural infrastructure-focused review papers. Firstly, this work gives a thorough look into the progress of the rural transportation sector in recent years by focusing on the thematic relationships between infrastructure and other components of sustainable development, namely, economics and agriculture, policy and governance, health, gender, education, and climate change and the environment. Secondly, several strategies, approaches, and tools employed by governments and practitioners within the rural transport sector are analyzed and discussed for their contributions to the wellbeing of rural dwellers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). These include rural roads, bridges, maintenance, and non-infrastructural approaches that include concepts such as advanced technological innovations, intermediate modes of transport (IMTs), and transport services. This paper concludes that enhancement, improvement, and extension of rural transportation infrastructure brings significant benefits to rural dwellers. However, this paper also calls for additional integration of the sector and increased usage of systems approaches that view rural transport as an active part of many other sectors and a key leverage point within rural development as a whole. Further, this paper notes areas for future research and investigation, including increased investigation of the relationship between rural transportation infrastructure and education, improved data collection and management in support of improved policymaking, improved prioritization of interventions and institutionalization of maintenance, and expansion of pro-poor transportation strategies and interventions.
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Mishra, S. N., e Sweta Mishra. "Development of Rural Infrastructure with Special Reference to Rural Roads and Transportation". Indian Journal of Public Administration 47, n. 3 (luglio 2001): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556120010305.
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Lamanna, Madeline, Christopher A. Klinger, Anna Liu e Raza M. Mirza. "The Association between Public Transportation and Social Isolation in Older Adults: A Scoping Review of the Literature". Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 39, n. 3 (22 luglio 2019): 393–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980819000345.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACTInadequate public transportation was recognized as a barrier to social participation, especially for older adults in rural communities and with mobility issues. Older adults will not benefit from opportunities to engage with their community and maintain social networks if they are unable to access them. The purpose of this scoping review was to make recommendations for further research and to summarize areas for improvement identified in the literature that will aid in the development of public transportation initiatives that can better address social isolation for older adults (≥ 55 years of age). Nineteen articles met the inclusion criteria, identifying themes of access to rural public transportation, issues with public transportation, and mobility. In practice, older adults need to prepare for driving cessation and mobility transitions; sound policy requires input to tailor transportation initiatives to an aging population, and future research should explore older adults’ transportation needs and potential solutions in urban and rural communities.
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Suntai, Zainab, Chorong Won e Hyunjin Noh. "Transportation Barrier in Rural Older Adults’ Use of Pain Management and Palliative Care: Systematic Review". Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (1 dicembre 2020): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1399.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Pain and symptom management is critical in ensuring quality of life for chronically or seriously ill older adults. However, while pain management and palliative care have steadily expanded in recent years, many underserved populations, such as rural older adults, experience barriers in accessing such specialty services, particularly due to transportation issues. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the specific types of transportation-related barriers experienced by rural older adults in accessing pain and palliative care. Studies were searched through the following 10 databases: Abstracts in Social Gerontology, Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SocINDEX with Full Text, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Nursing & Allied Health Database, Sociological Abstracts, and PubMED. Studies were chosen for initial review if they were written in English, full-text, included older adults in sample, and examined pain/palliative care/hospice, rural areas, and transportation. A total of 174 abstracts were initially screened, 15 articles received full-text reviews and eight met the inclusion criteria. Findings of the eight studies identified transportation-related issues as major access barrier to pain and palliative care among rural older adults: specifically, lack of public transportation; lack of special needs/wheelchair accessible vehicles; lack of reliable drivers; high cost of transportation services; poor road conditions; and remoteness to the closest pain and palliative care service providers. Results suggest that rural older adults have unique transportation needs due to the urban-centric location of pain and palliative care services. Implications for practice, policy and research with older adults are discussed.
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Xu, Yinglian. "Post Evaluation of Rural Road Renovation and Upgrading Plans in Low Mountain and Hilly Areas Based on IF-VE Method". Journal of Innovation and Development 4, n. 3 (10 settembre 2023): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/jid.v4i3.13472.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Currently, China is vigorously promoting the construction of "Four Good Rural Roads", and the planning and construction layout of urban and rural transportation, especially rural roads, can effectively promote the rapid integration of urban and rural areas and the coordinated development of small towns. However, there are still problems in the current planning and construction of rural roads, such as large inventory, low level, and chaotic layout. Post evaluation of rural road renovation and upgrading, analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of the plan, can provide strong support for the subsequent adjustment of regional comprehensive transportation system construction. Based on various national, provincial, and municipal transportation development guidelines, this article analyzes the factors related to the planning and evaluation of rural roads in low mountain and hilly areas. Based on the IF-VE method formed by intuitionistic fuzzy theory and value engineering theory, a post evaluation study is conducted on a rural road renovation and upgrading project plan. The application results indicate that the indicator system and model constructed in the article have certain feasibility and applicability.
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Asher, Sam, Teevrat Garg e Paul Novosad. "The Ecological Impact of Transportation Infrastructure". Economic Journal 130, n. 629 (7 marzo 2020): 1173–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueaa013.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract There is a long-standing debate over whether new roads unavoidably lead to environmental damage, especially forest loss, but causal identification has been elusive. Using multiple causal identification strategies, we study the construction of new rural roads to over 100,000 villages and the upgrading of 10,000 kilometers of national highways in India. The new rural roads had precisely zero effect on local deforestation. In contrast, the highway upgrades caused substantial forest loss, which appears to be driven by increased timber demand along the transportation corridors. In terms of forests, last mile connectivity had a negligible environmental cost, while expansion of major corridors had important environmental impacts.
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WAKANA, Chiho, e Junichi HIROTA. "Mutual Aid Community Transportation Service in Rural Area". JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION 23 (2004): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2750/arp.23.23-suppl_283.
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Dixon, Karen K., Wayne A. Sarasua, Janice Daniel e George D. Mazur. "Tool for Rural and Statewide Multimodal Transportation Planning". Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering 15, n. 4 (ottobre 2001): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3801(2001)15:4(275).
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MOCK, CHARLES, DAVID NII-AMON-KOTEI, SAMUEL FORJUOH e FREDERICK RIVARA. "Epidemiology of Transportation Related Injuries in Rural Africa". Journal of Crash Prevention and Injury Control 1, n. 1 (marzo 1999): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286589908915740.
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Imhof, Sebastian, Jonas Frölicher e Widar von Arx. "Shared Autonomous Vehicles in rural public transportation systems". Research in Transportation Economics 83 (novembre 2020): 100925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2020.100925.
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Stommes, Eileen S. "Rural Roads and Bridges, 1994–2000: How Did the South Fare?" Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 35, n. 2 (agosto 2003): 263–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800021234.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In 1991, the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) changed the federal-state transportation relationship by devolving decision making to the states. In turn, states were required to work with local officials on transportation improvements. ISTEA was authorized for 1992–1997, and the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century continued ISTEA policies through 2003. Changes in road and bridge conditions in the rural south are examined under these new transportation policies. Federal funding trends are detailed with state funding. Overall condition of roads and bridges eligible for federal funding improved, traffic increased on all roads, but condition disparities between local roads and federally funded roads grew.
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Muhammed Yahaya, Abdulkadir, Hajara Salahudeen e Dauda Zubairu. "Building a resilient infrastructure: challenges of rural transportation in Soba Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria". Journal of Governance and Accountability Studies 1, n. 1 (25 gennaio 2021): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35912/jgas.v1i1.370.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose: Despite the economic importance of rural transportation, it is often being neglected. This study is aimed at identifying the challenges of rural transportation in the Soba Local Government Area to recommend measures for tackling them. Research methodology: Both interview and observation methods were applied in data collection and purposive sampling was adopted in choosing rural areas covered by the study. However, 140 interviewees were asked from five areas chosen. The interviewees were transporters, commuters and other stakeholders in rural transportation. Descriptive and inferential techniques were used in data analysis. Results: The results revealed that road conditions were in a deplorable state, about 39% of interviewees considered them bad and only 25% said they were good. About 43% of the interviewees said transport fare was expensive. About 41% of vehicles used were in bad shape, 84% of the interviewees said passengers often spend more than 30 minutes to get a vehicle. The result also showed that there was a significant relationship between good transportation network and economic development. Limitations: The scope of the study should have been wider to cover the whole eleven political wards of the local government area. The sampling method used might not necessarily give a true reflection of what happens. Contribution: Rural transport contributes immensely to the development of the world. It creates jobs, access to markets and infrastructure. This study is consistent with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) goal 9 and 11. Which are aimed at building resilient infrastructure and settlements. Keywords: Local, Government, Area, Rural, Transportation
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Olagunju, Oluwatoyin. "Impact of rural transportation networks on farmers’ income in Ilaje Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria". Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 55, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2022): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2022-0002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This study examined how the nature of rural transportation networks affects the income of local farmers. The study involved arable crop farmers in the Ilaje local government area of Ondo State, Nigeria. A structured interview was used to gather information from a total of 120 farmers in rural communities across the local government using a two-stage random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as chi-square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) were used to analyse the data. The study revealed that farmers’ poor nature of transportation networks has a negative impact on their income. Gender (χ 2 = 6.472) and marital status (χ 2 = 9.745) positively influenced income generated by farmers at p < 0.05. Additionally, there was a moderate and significant correlation between transportation systems used (r = 0.705, p < 0.05), the perceived impact of rural transport (r = 0.267, p < 0.05), and the farmers’ income on agricultural activities. The results have shown that the serious constraints faced by the farmers are high cost of transportation which has a great influence on their generated income. The study allows to conclude that the nature of transportation networks available in the communities under study has a significant impact on the level of income to be realised by farmers. The construction, development, and provision of more rural transport networks would not only boost the standard of living and reduce transport costs of the rural poor but could also be a solution for the prolonged deplorable and worsening situation of rural roads in the country.
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Nugin, Raili. "Mobile Lives, Immobile Representations". Transfers 8, n. 2 (1 giugno 2018): 87–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2018.080206.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article looks at how cultural constructs of “urban” and “rural” are used in policy measures. The question is opened by analyzing twenty-five short films submitted for the competition Once upon a Time in Our Village organized by the Estonian Ministry of Agriculture and Just Film (a nonprofit organization). The competition calls for young people to “depict the future and possibilities of rural life.” The aim was to prevent out-migration of young people from the rural areas. As the data show, the films echo cultural constructions that depict the rural as opposed to the urban: traditional, quiet, and a haven of the national past. The future and technological possibilities are something that are constructed as an urban phenomenon, and thus, not present in the films.
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Jiang, Jinyu, e Zhongzhen Yang. "Routing Optimization for Road Administration Vehicles with Consideration of Overloaded Truck Detour Behavior on Rural Highways". Transportation Journal 60, n. 4 (1 ottobre 2021): 339–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/transportationj.60.4.0339.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract In response to the increasingly frequent detour behavior of overloaded trucks attempting to avoid overload inspection and punishment, this article develops a bilevel programming model to optimize the routes of road administration vehicles by simulating the capture and anticapture interaction between administration vehicles and overloaded trucks. The upper-level model determines the optimal patrol routes of administration vehicles to maximize the number of overloaded trucks that can be captured. The lower-level model deduces the detour routes of overloaded trucks based on their circumvention behavior relative to administration vehicles. To solve the bilevel programming model, this article proposes a heuristic algorithm combining the ant colony algorithm and the labeling algorithm. To validate the proposed model and algorithm, this article uses actual rural highway data for Guiyang, China. The result proves the feasibility and superiority of the proposed programming model and algorithm. Compared to traditional overload management techniques, considering the detour behavior of overloaded trucks in optimizing the routing of road administration vehicles improves the effectiveness of overload management by up to 1.65 times.
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Sekar Tanjung, Adinda, e Puspita Dirgahayani. "KARAKTERISTIK PERGERAKAN PENUMPANG ANGKUTAN UMUM PERDESAAN DI KABUPATEN KUNINGAN". Jurnal Transportasi 21, n. 2 (23 agosto 2021): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/jtrans.v21i2.5160.123-132.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract
The demand for rural public transportation is dominated by people who cannot access private vehicles. In terms of the number of operating routes and the performance of their services, currently rural public transport services tend to decline. The mobility of rural communities to reach social facilities can be hampered if there is no public transportation service, which in turn will reduce the quality of human resources in rural areas. This study focuses on the movement characteristics of rural public transport passengers in Kuningan Regency. Several rural transportation routes were taken as samples, namely route 030 Cilimus-Linggarjati, route 061 Cilimus-Mandirancan, and route 037 Lengkong-Rancakeusik. This study shows that the characteristics of the movement of rural public transport passengers are an integral part in an effort to maintain rural public transport services. These characteristics of passenger movement can be used to improve the performance of public transportation, become input for public transport operators, and become material for local governments to make policies
Keywords: rural public transportation; public transport routes; public transport services; public transport performance.
Abstrak
Permintaan angkutan umum perdesaan didominasi oleh masyarakat yang tidak dapat mengakses kendaraan pribadi. Dari sisi jumlah trayek yang beroperasi dan kinerja layanannya, saat ini layanan angkutan umum perdesaan cenderung semakin menurun. Mobilitas masyarakat perdesaan untuk menjangkau fasilitas sosial dapat terhambat jika tidak ada layanan angkutan umum, yang pada akhirnya akan menurunkan kualitas sumber daya manusia di kawasan perdesaan. Studi ini berfokus pada karakteristik pergerakan penumpang angkutan umum perdesaan di Kabupaten Kuningan. Beberapa trayek angkutan perdesaan diambil sebagai sampel, yaitu trayek 030 Cilimus-Linggarjati, trayek 061 Cilimus-Mandirancan, dan trayek 037 Lengkong-Rancakeusik. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik pergerakan penumpang angkutan umum perdesaan merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dalam upaya mempertahankan layanan angkutan umum perdesaan. Karakteristik pergerakan penumpang ini dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kinerja angkutan umum, menjadi masukan bagi operator angkutan umum, serta menjadi bahan pemerintah daerah untuk membuat kebijakan.
Kata-kata kunci: angkutan umum perdesaan; trayek angkutan umum; layanan angkutan umum; kinerja angkutan umum.
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Ngusa, Deborah. "Mobility Challenges Faced by Rural Women and the Implementation of the National Transport Policy in Busega District, Tanzania". Tanzania Journal for Population studies and Development 30, n. 2 (31 dicembre 2023): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/tjpsd.v30i2.217.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article is a product of a study that sought to analyse mobility challenges faced by rural women in Busega District, Tanzania, and examine the practice of implementing the National Transport Policy of 2003. Through adopting the intersectionality theory, the study sought to establish a connection between the implementation of the National Transport Policy (NTP) and its potential to improve the mobility of rural women. The study utilized a cross-sectional research design to collect data from a sample of 210 respondents through a household survey, interviews, focus group discussions, non-participant observation, and documentary review. Thematic analysis was applied to qualitative data, while descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were used for quantitative data. Based on the distribution analysis, it is evident that the majority of rural women were compelled to walk a long distance to access public transportation services. In addition, the Chi-square test results indicate a statistically significant difference at p<0.001 from the five-point Likert-scale, implying that rural women’s satisfaction level on the access to transportation services differed based on the location of their households. The study concludes that despite the intentions of the NTP, its practical implementation has failed to adequately address the unique transport needs and mobility challenges faced by rural women. The study recommends that the government undertake an intersectional analysis of the existing transport policy by identifying and addressing the mobility challenges faced by rural women when accessing public transportation services. This should be achieved by implementing measures that improve the accessibility and availability of transportation options for rural women. Also, the government can promote an equitable and inclusive transportation system that caters for the needs of all citizens.