Bibliografie tematiche / Rural land use in Nigeria

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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Rural land use in Nigeria"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 20 febbraio 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Rural land use in Nigeria"

O. Onilude, Olalekan, e Eric Vaz. "Data Analysis of Land Use Change and Urban and Rural Impacts in Lagos State, Nigeria". Data 5, n. 3 (11 agosto 2020): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data5030072.

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This study examines land use change and impacts on urban and rural activity in Lagos State, Nigeria. To achieve this, multi-temporal land use and land cover (LULC) datasets derived from the GlobeLand30 product of years 2000 and 2010 for urban and rural areas of Lagos State were imported into ArcMap 10.6 and converted to raster files (raster thematic maps) for spatial analysis in the FRAGSTATS situated in the Patch Analyst. Thus, different landscape metrics were computed to generate statistical results. The results have shown that fragmentation of cultivated lands increased in the rural areas but decreased in the urban areas. Also, the findings display that land-use change resulted in incremental fragmentation of forest in the urban areas, and reduction in the rural areas. The fragmentation measure of diversity increased in the urban areas, while it decreased in the rural areas during the period of study. These results suggest that cultivated land fragmentation is a complex process connected with socio-economic trends at regional and local levels. In addition, this study has shown that landscape metrics can be used to understand the spatial pattern of LULC change in an urban-rural context. Finally, the outcomes of this study will help the policymakers at the three levels of governments in Nigeria to make crucial informed decisions about sustainable land use.

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Adepoju, Abimbola O., Scholastica Ewolor e Oluwakemi A. Obayelu. "Welfare Implications of Domestic Land Grabs Among Rural Households in Delta State, Nigeria". Rural Sustainability Research 39, n. 334 (1 agosto 2018): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/plua-2018-0003.

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Abstract Rural households are displaced from their lands without any plan in place to resettle or compensate them, for a promise of improvement in their living standards. This has not only resulted in a decline in the living standard of the rural populace, in terms of loss of land and livelihoods, the poor are also further marginalized and impoverished. This study examines the welfare implication of domestic land grabs among rural households in Delta State, Nigeria, employing primary data obtained from one hundred and seventy-three representative farming households. Descriptive analysis revealed that majority were low-income earners and engaged in farming as their major occupation. Econometric analysis revealed land size, secondary education, community leaders’ influence, compensation and the use to which the grabbed land was put into as some of the significant factors influencing domestic land grabs in the study area. Further, the size of land grabbed, no compensation for the use of land and low farm output were found to have negative effects on the welfare of the farmers. Thus, the need to intensify efforts to ensure that the rural populace is not being unreasonably dispossessed of its lands, becomes imperative. The need for commensurate compensation of rural households whose lands were grabbed and periodical checks on community leaders who positively influence domestic land acquisitions arbitrarily also becomes pertinent for improvement in the welfare of the farmers. This is especially so, if these small-scale farmers are to be significant drivers of global food security.

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Iwuji, M. C., J. C. Okpara, K. O. E. Ukaegbu, K. M, Iwuji, C. N. Uyo, S. V. Onuegbu e C. A. Acholonu. "Impact of Deforestation on Rural Livelihood in Mbieri, Imo State Nigeria". International Journal of Geography and Regional Planning Research 7, n. 2 (15 febbraio 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijgrpr.15/vol7n2113.

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Globally the rate of deforestation and forest degradation is around 13million hectares, occurring mostly in developing countries. This study aimed at assessing the impact of deforestation on livelihood sources in Mbieri a rural community in Imo State, Southeast Nigeria. Multi-Temporal Satellite Images were analyzed for changes in land use and land cover in the area, while random sampling method was used to administer the questionnaire, and participatory rural appraisal (PRA) method was used to elicit information on drivers of deforestation, income levels and perceived effects of deforestation in the study area. Six land use/cover types were identified namely; farmland, bare soil, built-up surface, water bodies, secondary forest and primary forest. GPS coordinates of the sampled deforested areas were also recorded and used to overlay on the Satellite processed data on land use and land cover. Data were further obtained from the satellite imageries of Landsat 4, thematic mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 and 8 ETM+ covering the year 1986, 2000, and 2016 respectively. Results from satellite image analysis revealed that land use changes have negatively impacted deforestation leading to loss of primary forest and reduction in secondary forest. Built-up areas and farmland increased from 13.92% and 11.47% in 1986 to 32.86% and 21.97% in 2016 respectively. While the primary forest reduced from 35.94% in 1986 to 10.78% in 2016. Population increase and agricultural expansion were identified as the major drivers of deforestation in Mbieri. Impacts of deforestation on the people include loss of valuable species of flora and fauna, decreased earnings from the sale of forest resources and loss of farmland to erosion of exposed surfaces. It is recommended that forest plantations be increased by using vacant and unused lands which will have net positive benefits also, deliberate reforestation should be embarked on to avoid environmental degradation and possible increase in ambient temperature.

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Adetoye, Ayoade Matthew, Samuel Ayodele Adewuyi e Dare Akerele. "Determinants of forest land use decisions among rural farm households in south-western Nigeria". Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 51, n. 2 (1 giugno 2018): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2018-0009.

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Abstract The study examined factors determining forest land use decisions among rural farm households in south-western Nigeria. Primary data on socio-economic and community characteristics as well as land use systems were obtained from 300 farm households using a structured questionnaire through a multistage sampling technique. The study revealed that marital status (P < 0.01), gender (P < 0.01), land tenure security (P < 0.01), dominant crop type (P < 0.05), and preference for tree on farm land (P < 0.01) are factors influencing forest land use decision in either agroforestry, pure cultivation or in both practices. Land use choice proportion estimation shows that 63 % are still willing to retain their existing land use practice (pure cultivation). A total of 32 % are willing to shift completely from their existing land use practice while 4 % of the respondents are willing to practice both “agroforestry and pure cultivation” simultaneously. The study therefore suggests the need for a change in forest land use policy, particularly, with a view influence the pattern of use, limitation on type of crop that can be grown, and compliance to sustainable land use practice. This would go a long way in driving forest land use towards agroforestry – a practice identified as a means of ensuring food security while ensuring safe environment.

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Babalola, Kehinde Hassan, e Simon Antony Hull. "Examining the Land Use Act of 1978 and Its Effects on Tenure Security in Nigeria: A Case Study of Ekiti State, Nigeria". Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 22 (25 novembre 2019): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2019/v22i0a5803.

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The Land Use Act of 1978 (LUA) has failed to achieve some of its objectives. The rural poor and the vulnerable are those most affected. The failure is ascribed to problems inherent in the Act and poor implementation. This paper discusses the effect of the LUA on the customary ownership of land and its effect on the tenure security of the rural poor. Using a conceptual framework for guiding cadastral systems development, the critical areas of the LUA as pertains to tenure security are analysed for the degree of their success, sustainability, and significance. The framework looks at the underlying theory, the drivers of change, the change process, and the land administration system. A mixed methodology approach was adopted for the study, using a single case study. Three groups of respondents contributed to the study: land professionals, civil servants and students. The study found that securing title to land is difficult, compensation provisions need to be reviewed, formal land registration is not in the interest of the poor, land is not available at an affordable rate, land speculators are still active in Nigerian land markets, the composition of the two committees is inadequate, and the refusal to grant certificates to people below the age of 21 is age biased. It further revealed that the power granted to the governor is enormous and unnecessary. The findings showed that the LUA is both effective in some areas and dysfunctional in others. This is because of the age of the Act and the lack of a pro-poor policy focus. Based on these findings recommendations were made, including that a new policy be enacted that includes pro-poor policies and customary laws. The LUA is found to be useful in urban areas, but not in solving land-related problems in rural areas. This study provides an understanding of the legal holding of land in Nigeria.

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Saleh, Abba, Mohammad Rafee Majid e Zainab Toyin Jagun. "LAND FRAGMENTATION AND RURAL SUSTAINABILITY IN BADE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, YOBE STATE, NIGERIA". Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management 7, n. 27 (8 marzo 2022): 231–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/jthem.727018.

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Land is one of the major factors in agricultural and other production activities which its accessibility and utilisation affect the outcome, especially in rural areas. This paper analyses land fragmentation and Rural Sustainability in Bade LGA, Yobe State, Nigeria. Identify rural social sustainability factors in the study area and examine the relationship between land fragmentation and rural sustainability to recommend the best possible land-based rural sustainability practice. The survey method was administered to a random sample of household heads in the study area. Simpson Index, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Partial Least Square- Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyse the data. Thus, the results revealed the extent of land fragmentation in the study areas (β=-0.076, t=1.074; p > 0.05). The results of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) showed that all the 18 causes of the extent of land fragmentation have factor loadings ranges from 0.760- 0.978. Hence, these analysis factors are considered the key causes of land fragmentation in the study area. PLS-SEM findings highlighted a significant alignment between land fragmentation, causes, and rural sustainability, all of which formed the basis for developing the conceptual framework for mitigating land fragmentation challenges. The conceptual framework provides effective land management and land use planning, thus enhance rural sustainability in the Yobe state, Nigeria. The study recommends review land inheritance laws and other laws regarding communal land allocation and ownership to resolve land fragmentation and population control in Yobe state.

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Balogun, I. I., I. S. Akoteyon e O. Adeaga. "Evaluating Land Use Effects on Groundwater Quality in Lagos-Nigeria Using Water Quality Index". Journal of Scientific Research 4, n. 2 (23 aprile 2012): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i2.7142.

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The study relates groundwater quality to land use types in Lagos State. Fourteen samples were collected from hand dug wells and boreholes, seven each from rural and urban land uses in the study area. Ten parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride, nitrate and sulfate) were determined using standard methods. The resulting water quality indices revealed that 58.09% of the samples were rated very poor while 21.73%, 9.08% and 11.1% were rated poor, good and excellent, respectively in rural land use. The analysis of samples drawn from urban land use revealed that 76.55% of the water was unfit for drinking while 14.4%, 6.42% and 2.63% were found to be very poor, good and excellent, respectively. pH, total dissolved solids, chloride, total hardness and nitrate were beyond the permissible limits for urban land use while, pH, total hardness and nitrate were above permissible limits for rural land use. These parameters were found to be responsible for the poor water quality rating in the study areas. The paper recommends a comprehensive effective sewerage system for safe disposal of sewage, efficient waste water handling and control of urban runoff to prevent groundwater quality deterioration in the study areas.Keywords: Evaluation; Groundwater; Quality; Land use; Water quality index; Lagos-Nigeria.© 2012 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i2.7142 J. Sci. Res. 4 (2), 397-409 (2012)

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Ihemezie, Eberechukwu Johnpaul, e Martin Dallimer. "Stakeholders’ Perceptions on Agricultural Land-Use Change, and Associated Factors, in Nigeria". Environments 8, n. 11 (27 ottobre 2021): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments8110113.

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Agricultural Land-Use Change (ALUC) is a major driver of global environmental change, not least via its direct impact on the sustainability and resilience of the rural economy. Its drivers are complex and have remained contentious, necessitating further empirical study. This study aims to derive context-specific evidence on the driving factors and effects of ALUC from different stakeholders’ perceptions. We carried out household surveys and participatory rural appraisal across Benue State, Nigeria. ALUC has economic, social, ecological, and institutional implications for farmers and on agricultural productivity. Farmers perceived that the main factors driving ALUC were land conflict, government land-use policies and infrastructural development. Stakeholders’ perceptions revealed that although the factors driving ALUC are diverse in nature, they are somewhat embedded within the broader issue of land-use conflict, which has led to cropland abandonment, clearing of forest vegetation, soil degradation, changes from large scale to subsistence farming, and farmers’ eventual loss of interest in agriculture. This suggest that the drivers and implications of ALUC go beyond simple changes to the extent of land used for agriculture, but also incorporates other regional socio-ecological changes. Our study highlights the importance of stakeholders’ perceptions in understanding complex socio-ecological issues if we are to provide clear direction into areas where policy interventions are most needed.

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Umeh, J. Chinedu, O. Amali e E. U. Umeh. "Impact of urinary schistosomiasis on rural land use: empirical evidence from Nigeria". Social Science & Medicine 52, n. 2 (gennaio 2001): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00134-9.

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Tesi sul tema "Rural land use in Nigeria"

Akintan, Oluwakemi Bolanle. "Socio-cultural perceptions of indoor air pollution among rural migrant households in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/27599/.

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Many households in developing countries rely on biomass (wood, charcoal, agricultural wastes, sawdust, and animal dung) and coal to meet their energy needs. The burning of these fuels in open fires creates environmental problems one of which is indoor air pollution (IAP). For effective reduction of indoor air pollution in sub-Saharan Africa, it is therefore, important to understand factors that determine the choice and uptake of cleaner fuels for household energy use. This research investigates the salient factors influencing households in developing countries in choosing fuel types, using the households in peri-urban areas of Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria as a case study. This research used holistic approaches to understand energy issues in the study area and used methods such as questionnaires, interviews, and field observation during data collection. Key findings suggest that underlying socio-cultural contexts of households’ ethnic groups guided wood-fuel harvesting in the peri-urban areas of Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Wood fuel continues to be households’ main domestic energy source irrespective of their socio-economic status. The open burning of wood fuel causes indoor air pollution as the recorded 24-hour particulate matter levels was between 42µg/m3 – 275µg/m3 for indoor kitchens and 48µg/m3 – 648µg/m3 for outdoor kitchens. The cultural perception of the households that natural aeration blows particulates into buildings hinders them from believing that the open of burning of biomass fuels for domestic activities is the cause of indoor air pollution. Based on the findings of this study, it is argued that the traditional norms and values of the householders, being embedded in their socio-cultural contexts, are vital for understanding energy issues in the global South.

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Omokanye, Akim Tunde, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College e Centre for Horticulture and Plant Sciences. "Biological and economic evaluation of maize-based cropping systems for Nigerian smallholders". THESIS_CSTE_HPS_Omokanye_A.xml, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/797.

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Indigenous African shifting cultivation production systems, that were developed over many generations and took into account production potential as well as the constraints imposed by natural resources, are no longer practicable for Nigerian smallholder farmers. These systems relied on long fallow for fertility restoration after a period of cropping. Overpopulation has resulted in lower per capita land availability, necessitating a shift to sedentary cultivation systems. In such systems, fallow is short term (months) compared to shifting systems, where it lasted several years. This shift has resulted in overexploitation of land resources and despite intensification of agricultural production methods, non-sustainable demand on the natural resource base has increased and crop and animal production has declined. This study examined the performance of five maize-based cropping systems consisting of cereal-legume, cereal-cereal and cereal bare fallow rotations, to identify systems that have potential for increased agricultural production in the subhumid and mid-altitude zones of Nigeria. The study was conducted at Richmond, near Sydney, in NSW, Australia from 2000 to 2003. The trial investigated the effects of the combined use of legumes and N fertilizer in CSs to maintain or improve soil fertility, maize crop and maize storage silage production and yield and quality of all crop residues. This study showed that inclusion of a legume in the rotation is an important production and income generating strategy. Owing to their potential for increased maize productivity, to build up N-rich systems and to improve small holder levels of farm income, cropping systems with legumes should therefore be given more research attention in Nigeria
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Chung, Wai-hong Laurence. "Level of success of the statutory planning system in preserving & guiding development of our rural environment /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20667590.

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Asaaga, Festus Atribawuni. "Land rights, tenure security and sustainable land use in rural Ghana". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0ca818c1-aba7-45d5-b823-de92099ce148.

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The return to the customary or integration of customary and statutory tenure systems to continue gain currency in both contemporary policy and academic discourses on land tenure as an alternative pathway towards enhancing security of access and tenure in the sub-Saharan African context. Central to the debates are issues concerning the relevance of customary land tenure arrangements and appropriate pathways to successfully engineer the process of harmonization toward improved tenure security whilst preserving of the communitarian principles of local tenure systems. Using two case studies in rural Ghana, this study investigated the prevailing land tenure arrangements, practices and socio-political dynamics that underpin them, highlighting the challenges and opportunities that need to be addressed for the successful adaptation of customary tenure rules and institutions into the statutory system towards improved tenure security and sustainable land management. The research employed a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods including interviews, focus group discussions and questionnaires to collate and analyse data from sampled respondents in Kakum and Ankasa in southern Ghana. The results of the investigation revealed that contrary to the mainstream view that customary tenure arrangements are incapable of providing tenure security in the face on ongoing transformations, the perceived tenure security of respondents was generally high in the study areas. This notwithstanding, it was observed that the emerging patterns of access and control (occasioned by increasing land scarcity and commodification) have resulted in social differentiation and inequalities in land access and distribution amongst the poor and vulnerable members of the landholding groups including women and the youth. The research also showed that aside from tenure security, other important contextual factors including access to credit, modernised agricultural inputs and targeted extension service support significantly influence households' investment decisions regarding adoption of sustainable land management practices. These findings have far-reaching implications for current land tenure interventions aimed at harmonising customary and statutory tenure structures for improved tenure security and sustainable land management. Results of the investigation were used to develop a three-phase incremental framework on formalisation of customary land rights which could serve as bespoke framework to guide the design of land tenure intervention strategies and implementation towards addressing local tenure insecurity in the specific context of the study areas and sub-Saharan Africa generally. The major conclusion of the research is that balancing the market efficiency and social equity considerations is necessary and should be pursued under the ongoing land tenure reforms for inclusive and equitable outcomes at the local level. This derives from the fact that the existing tenurial challenges are complex and context-specific, equally requiring well-balanced and nuanced solutions to effectively address them.

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Kwok, Chi-wo Simon. "The Hong Kong government's policy on land use in the New Territories : a land use management and environmental protection perspective /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14023854.

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Johnston, Terry. "Local government rural land use planning in B.C". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29957.

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The objectives of this study are threefold: 1. to provide an understanding of the need for rural land use planning; 2. to describe and compare British Columbia's, Alberta's, Ontario's and Saskatchewan's current system for rural land use planning; and 3. if applicable, suggest improvements to B.C's rural planning process as a result of the research conducted. A historical review of the need for rural planning and land use controls has been conducted in conjunction with research into present day trends. In addition, regional district officials from around the province were contacted in order to obtain their views on rural planning in B.C. This research establishes the need for rural planning, but raises questions about the public's perception of the planning process. To obtain information on alternative planning processes, research is conducted on rural planning in Alberta, Ontario, and Saskatchewan. This information is then evaluated through a comparative analysis with the planning process used prior to Bill 62 and the new Rural Land Use Bylaw. The evaluation concludes that the Rural Land Use Bylaw is preferred over the pre-Bill 62 planning legislation. Incorporating what has been learned in previous chapters, this study concludes by presenting suggestions for amending the existing legislation in order to further simplify the planning process. Additional areas for new research are also detailed in order that planners can strive for a more flexible and responsive planning process to serve the rural public.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate

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Bashaasha, Bernard. "Public Policy and Rural Land Use in Uganda". Connect to resource, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1216922017.

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Wilson-Fuller, Yvonne. "Land use in the Fairfield rural-urban fringe". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1991. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26428.

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The Fairfield Municipality , a segment of Sydney’s rural-urban fringe, has been characterise d by its dynamic but variable response to the city’s expansion. Proximity to the city and topographic suitability to low cost urbanisation resulted in increasing speculation over the timing of urban invasion of rural land. The increased demand for urban land led to the increase of both land values and potential decisions of landowners, over land use and the sale or purchase of land in particular locations, were constrained by the Green Belt zoning regulations introduced by the County of Cumberland Plan in 1951. Landowner decisions are therefore only a determinant of land use at the micro scale. The existence of zoning defined and emphasized the divisions between urban and rural land uses though the release of Green Belt land invariably led to a swift advance of the urban area. The increase in land values resulted in changes in land use; agriculture became more intensive in some areas, with poultry battery farms being able to compete with expanding urbanisation, or land became idle in anticipation of urbanisation. These differences were a function of distance from the Green Belt-Urban boundary, availability of investment capital and the age of the landowner s. Landowners increasingly perceive d land as an investment rather than the location of productive economic activity, especially in areas closest to the urban boundary, hence agricultural activity declined within the rural zone. There was a clear relation ship between distance from the urban frontier and economic rent to land as an investme nt. Uncertai nty over the timing of the release of land, economic factors (such as capital availabi lity) and social variatio ns (between migrant groups) all contribu ted to consider able diversit y in land uses. The interact ion of locational, economic, behavioural and institutional factors produced an unusual and complex land market that is distinctive of the rural-urban fringe.

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Yip, Kwok-kuen Kevin. "Strategies for developing Hong Kong rural land /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25939415.

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Anavberokhai, Isah. "Mapping land-use in north-western Nigeria (Case study of Dutse)". Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-143.

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This project analyzes satellite images from 1976, 1985 and 2000 of Dutse, Jigawa state, in north-western Nigeria. The analyzed satellite images were used to determine land-use and vegetation changes that have occurred in the land-use from 1976 to 2000 will help recommend possible planning measures in order to protect the vegetation from further deterioration.

Studying land-use change in north-western Nigeria is essential for analyzing various ecological and developmental consequences over time. The north-western region of Nigeria is of great environmental and economic importance having land cover rich in agricultural production and livestock grazing. The increase of population over time has affected the land-use and hence agricultural and livestock production.

On completion of this project, the possible land use changes that have taken place in Dutse will be analyzed for future recommendation. The use of supervised classification and change detection of satellite images have produced an economic way to quantify different types of landuse and changes that has occurred over time.

The percentage difference in land-use between 1976 and 2000 was 37%, which is considered to be high land-use change within the period of study. The result in this project is being used to propose planning strategies that could help in planning sustainable land-use and diversity in Dutse.

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Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Rural land use in Nigeria"

Myers, Gregory Wilson. Land and power: The impact of the Land Use Act in southwest Nigeria. Madison, Wis: Land Tenure Center, University of Wisconsin- Madison, 1991.

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Myers, Gregory Wilson. Land and power: The impact of the Land Use Act in Southwest Nigeria. Madison, Wis: Land Tenure Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1991.

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Egwu, Samuel G. Structural adjustment, agrarian change, and rural ethnicity in Nigeria. Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 1998.

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The agrarian question, politics and ethnicity in rural Nigeria. Port Harcourt: Centre for Advanced Social Science, 1999.

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Bdliya, H. H. The relevance of western land evaluation methods to land appraisal of indigenous farmers in Bio, Borno State, Nigeria. Manchester: Dept. of Geography, University of Salford, 1986.

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Bdliya, H. H. The relevance of Western land evaluation methods to land appraisal of indigenous farmers in Bio, Borno State, Nigeria. Salford: University of Salford Department of Geography, 1986.

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Nigeria) Workshop on Land Resources (1986 Kano. Perspectives on land administration and development in northern Nigeria: Proceedings of the Workshop on Land Resources, Kano, September 25-28, 1986. Kano: Dept. of Geography, Bayero University, 1987.

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Onokerhoraye, Andrew G. Rural small-scale industries in Nigeria: A participatory survey of their development needs. Benin City, Nigeria: University of Benin, 1995.

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Nwosu, A. C. The impact of the large-scale acquisition of land on small-holder farmers in Nigeria. Morrilton, Ark: Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development, 1991.

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National Seminar on Land Use Policies and Practices (1998 Ibadan, Nigeria). Evolving an effective agricultural land use policy for Nigeria: Proceedings of the National Seminar on Land Use Policies and Practices, held in Ibadan, July 19-23, 1998. Ibadan: Wordsmit Editorial Services, 1999.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Rural land use in Nigeria"

Eniola, Philip Olanrewaju. "Menace and Mitigation of Health and Environmental Hazards of Charcoal Production in Nigeria". In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2293–310. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_238.

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AbstractThe use of biomass and biofuels, such as wood, charcoal, petroleum, kerosene, and gas, is becoming competitive based on the level of development of each nation. However, charcoal production (CP) and marketing now tends to be a major business among many households in both rural and urban communities with no consideration of its effects on climate change adaptation. While the research question considers the various definition of climate change adaptation, and the importance of charcoal production in Nigeria, the manuscript speaks mainly of the problems of charcoal production, the lack of planning to address these problems, and the lack of planning to move the communities away from this practice and out of poverty. It addresses the impacts of charcoal production on agriculture, such as lack or loss of labor and destruction of arable lands. The paper discusses the effect of charcoal production on health. Also, the environmental problems of CP are highlighted in the manuscript. The policy frameworks on forestry by the Federal Ministry of Environment 2006 with its flaws will be included. Remedy such as the establishment of a Land Use Planning Agency (LUPAG) and panacea for greening the charcoal value chain issues will be discussed. Lastly, attention is given to the agricultural adaptation strategies to climate change which are capable of reducing charcoal production, such as mixed cropping.

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Eniola, Philip Olanrewaju. "Menace and Mitigation of Health and Environmental Hazards of Charcoal Production in Nigeria". In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_238-1.

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Cheng, Long. "Rural Densification Under China’s Link Policy". In Contemporary China’s Land Use Policy, 73–87. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8331-5_5.

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Cheng, Long. "China’s Rural Transformation and The Link Policy". In Contemporary China’s Land Use Policy, 27–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8331-5_3.

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Corellano, Francisco Pellicer. "Role of Land Surface Relief in Land Use Allocation". In Rural Planning from an Environmental Systems Perspective, 43–64. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1448-9_3.

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Gallent, Nick, Iqbal Hamiduddin, Meri Juntti, Nicola Livingstone e Phoebe Stirling. "Land-Use Continuity: Farmland and Old Wineries". In New Money in Rural Areas, 33–76. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0770-6_4.

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Darly, Ségolène, André Torre e Camille Olivier. "Smart land use for smart rural development". In Smart Development for Rural Areas, 68–90. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2020. | Series: Regions and cities ; 143: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429354670-5.

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Long, Hualou. "Rural Housing Land Transition in China". In Land Use Transitions and Rural Restructuring in China, 161–234. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4924-3_3.

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van der Heide, C. Martijn, Koen P. Overmars e Roel A. Jongeneel. "Land use modelling for sustaining multiple functions in the rural countryside with an application in the Achterhoek Region, the Netherlands". In Multifunctional Land Use, 251–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-36763-5_15.

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Glaría, Germán, e M. Angeles Ceñal. "Land Use Allocation and Environmental Impact Assessment in Land Planning". In Rural Planning from an Environmental Systems Perspective, 289–314. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1448-9_15.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Rural land use in Nigeria"

GURSKIENĖ, Virginija, e Justina JATUŽYTĖ. "LAND USE IN ŽUVINTAS BIOSPHERE RESERVE". In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.053.

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The aim of the study – to assess the current land use and sustainable farming possibilities in the area of the Žuvintas Biosphere Reserve. Mathematical statistical analysis, graphing, interviews, induction and other methods were used during the research. Agricultural censuses, agricultural land and crop declaration (that had been carried out between the years 2012 and 2014) and some other data were analyzed. Intensive farming was established in the group of agrarian areas landscape management zones: conventional industrial farming in the landscape management zone. In the analyzed Simnas, Krosna and Igliauka subdistricts land is used quite extensively, therefore restructuring, in order to improve the ecological conditions, is possible not reducing the volume of production, but in accordance with the guidelines. In the territory of the Žuvintas Biosphere Reserve the declared crop area increased by 0.4 per cent from 2012 to 2014, perennial grass area increased by 4.01 per cent. Sustainable farming was set in the Amalvas polder and peat soils as well as in areas sensitive to surface and groundwater pollution. In the major part of the polder extensive agriculture is developed, it is mainly natural grasslands and pastures as well as cultivated grasslands. SWOT analysis was performed.

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ATKOCEVIČIENĖ, Virginija, Jolanta VALČIUKIENĖ, Daiva JUKNELIENĖ e Edita JUOČYTĖ. "LAND USE AND PLANNING IN RURAL AREAS (A CASE STUDY OF GIEDRAIČIAI SUBDISTRICT)". In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.022.

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The rational use of land should be ensured, soil-friendly agricultural branches should be developed as well as attractive environment for work, living and resting in the countryside should be created in promoting rural development in Lithuania. Areas with favourable natural conditions have a high degree of economic activity, farm size, and economic development. However, not everywhere the natural conditions for the development of agriculture are favourable. The research was carried out in the Giedraičiai rural area of Molėtai district, which deals with the factors influencing the use of land, the declared area of land, the problem of land abandonment. The methods of legal analysis, analysis of literature, analysis, comparison and aggregation of statistical data were used during the research. After the fulfilment of the analysis of the declared area of land during the period between the years 2012 and 2016, it was established that the area of agricultural land declared during the five years increased by 655 hectares, the number of farmers who declared agricultural land decreased by 104, and the number of declared parcels declined even to 1729. The process of the growing of farms is likely to occur. The area of abandoned land in Giedraičiai subdistrict reaches 300 hectares, the number of abandoned areas exceeds 800. Estimating the statistical data and solutions of the general plan of the Molėtai district area preliminary solutions for the management of the territory of the Giedraičiai subdistrict for agriculture and rural development are being provided, i.e. it is planned to implement rural development land use planning projects for the management of farms, and to select a farmhouse farm site. To reduce the abandoned land areas, it is advisable to plan forests, expand the areas of meadows and natural pastures, apply organic farming and adapt the areas for recreation.

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MALIENE, Vida, e Ruta DICIUNAITE-RAUKTIENE. "FACTORS INFLUENCING CITIES PEDESTRIAN STREET FUNCTIONALITY AND SUSTAINABLE LAND USE". In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.052.

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The public space encourages social exchange, develops and maintains social groups and allows the exchange of public messages. When the public space and public life are not supported in the community, there is no one to communicate with, people become isolated, less inclined to help or support each other. Public space is the scene of public life that promotes a sense of community, sense of place, human connection and communication as well as dependence sensation. High-quality and well-managed public space is a benefit to the city's economy, creating shelter from the car-centred life and move to a more natural environment as well as significant urban land use. Therefore, in recent times, in order to establish the right conditions in cities for different human needs, great attention is paid not only to the development of physical infrastructure, but also to other aspects that will help to create sustainable balance of social, economic and environmental aspects. One of the quality of life in the city return ways is the release of urban spaces for pedestrians. Until these days the pedestrian zones are extended little by little, resulting in disposal of the car parking-lots and improved cycling and other transport facilities. Sustainable use of urban pedestrian zones would provide economic, social, environmental and cultural benefits only if these aspects are combined with each other. The aim of the article is to distinguish and critically analyse (on the basis of a literature review) factors influencing the functionality and sustainable development of pedestrian streets. Article object – cities pedestrian street. The study was conducted using scientific publishing content analysis and synthesis techniques. This article is an overview.

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PILVERE, Irina, Aleksejs NIPERS e Bartosz MICKIEWICZ. "BIOECONOMY DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL BASED ON MORE EFFICIENT LAND USE IN THE EU". In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.101.

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Europe 2020 Strategy highlights bioeconomy as a key element for smart and green growth in Europe. Bioeconomy in this case includes agriculture, forestry, fisheries, food and pulp and paper production, parts of chemical, biotechnological and energy industries and plays an important role in the EU’s economy. The growth of key industries of bioeconomy – agriculture and forestry – highly depends on an efficient and productive use of land as a production resource. The overall aim of this paper is to evaluate opportunities for development of the main sectors of bioeconomy (agriculture and forestry) in the EU based on the available resources of land. To achieve this aim, several methods were used – monographic, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, statistical analysis methods. The findings show that it is possible to improve the use of land in the EU Member States. If all the Member States reached the average EU level, agricultural products worth EUR 77 bln would be annually additionally produced, which is 19 % more than in 2014, and an extra 5 billion m3 volume of forest growing stock would be gained, which is 20 % more than in 2010.

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KUROWSKA, Krystyna, e Roman RUDNICKI. "CHANGES IN LAND USE IN POLAND – COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PERIOD 2002–2010". In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.114.

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Land is the most important means of production in agriculture. Valuation of agricultural land resources takes into account the acreage and land quality. Changes in the land use structure are stimulated by many factors. It ought to be remembered that the farmland also provide space for purposes other than agriculture or forestry. The paper presents those changes in the land use structure in Poland which took place in the period of 2002–2010. On the basis of the data by the Central Statistical Office [GUS] and its Agricultural Censuses of 2002 and 2010 the authors propose an agricultural holding territorial importance indicator, land location indicator, change indicator for agricultural land turned into non-agricultural land and analyse the total area of agricultural holdings. The major determinants (internal and external factors) of those changes are also described. The aim of the study is to analyse the changes taking place in the Polish agriculture. They were taken into account natural, ecological and urban determinants as well as to the Common Agricultural Policy. The analyses were conducted at the level of voivodships and poviats and were contained agriculture land and non-agriculture land. The area of agricultural land is decreasing as it is being dedicated for other – non-agricultural – purposes, especially for housing purposes.

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Schrecengost, Jenna M., e Christopher G. Hughes. "LAND COVER / LAND USE CHANGE OF RURAL WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA". In 51st Annual Northeastern GSA Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016ne-271897.

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Peng, Cheng, Cheng Chen e Huaji Zhu. "Construction of rural land use knowledge map". In International Conference on Computer Science and Communication Technology (ICCSCT 2022), a cura di Yingfa Lu e Changbo Cheng. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2662736.

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OGRYZEK, Marek. "AFFORESTATION IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME AND ITS ROLE IN CHANGING LAND USE STRUCTURE". In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.048.

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The paper deals with EU financial support mechanisms for agricultural holdings (in terms of spatial differentiation) and includes the issues related to a range of activities within the Rural Development Plan/Programme [Polish: PROW] which were conducted between 2002 and 2004 (Rural Development Plan) and between 2007 and 2010 (Rural Development Programme 2007–2013) and with regard to the organisation and technological development of agriculture, i.e. afforestation. The research demonstrated serious territorial differences in the amount and structure of European funds acquired by agricultural holdings in poviats located in the Warmińsko- Mazurskie voivodeship. Two indices were used in the study: poviat activity (comparison of the number of applications submitted) and absorption of funds in agricultural holdings (comparison of the number of payments made) which were considered together as a composite index of EU fund utilisation, whereby the funds acquired in the periods of 2004–2006 and 2007–2010 were treated separately. A holistic analysis was also carried out and it included the entirety of European Programme Measures, with special attention paid to the differences between spatial patterns observed between 2004 and 2010 per 1 ha of forest. Additionally, a co-relation between poviat activity, payments made and forest land area was analysed. The study included also the relationship between the absorption index and the forest land area. It has been shown that the Common Agricultural Policy [Polish: WPR] instruments dedicated for pro-ecological agricultural activities in poviats of the Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodship – mostly with regard to afforestation – contribute to spatial changes in the land use structure.

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Cintina, Vita, e Vivita Pukite. "Analysis of influencing factors of use of agricultural land". In Research for Rural Development, 2018. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.24.2018.028.

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KHASAEV, Gabibulla, Alexandr VLASOV, Dariya VASILIEVA e Velta PARSOVA. "CRITERIA OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF LAND STOCK MANAGEMENT". In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.250.

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One of preconditions for sustainable socio-economic development of the region can be observed as much as possible involvement of land resources in economic turnover and increasing of efficiency of their use. On the example of Samara region which is the subject of the Russian Federation are made proposals for establishment of criteria for assessment of economic efficiency of land management in specific area. Statistical data on collection of land payments (land tax and leasehold payment) in 27 municipalities of Samara region in 2004-2014 are analysed. There is investigated common information on Samara region - location, total land stock area, agricultural land area, distance between main city of region and territory, number of inhabitants, density of population, etc. Methods of mathematical statistics, regression and factor cluster analysis are used. During the research, methods of mathematical statistics, including correlation and regression analysis, were used. The indicators most influencing the volume of land payments are determined and is developed the model of coherence between level of payments and geographical and demographic characteristics of the municipality (according to the 2012-2014 data). The model allows to estimate the “normative level” for each region according to objective characteristics and to rank the regions according to this indicator. The level corresponding to such a ranking can be considered as a criterion for the effectiveness of land management taking into account the different potentialities of the municipal districts of the Samara region. Land payments are local taxes, therefore they are an important source of the formation of financial basis of local governments in Russian Federation and play an important role in the socio-economic development of the regions.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Rural land use in Nigeria"

Osidoma, Japhet, e Ashiru Mohammed Kinkwa. Creatively Improving Agricultural Practices and Productivity: Pro Resilience Action (PROACT) project, Nigeria. Oxfam, febbraio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7260.

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Since April 2016, The European Union and the Oxfam Pro-Resilience Action Project in Kebbi and Adamawa States, Nigeria, have supported poor smallholder rural farmers to improve their agricultural productivity. The project has a specific focus on increasing crop yields per hectare for better land usage, as well as ensuring farmers possess the skills they need to maintain good agricultural practices, such as inputs utilization and climate mitigation strategies, as well as an information-sharing system on weather and market prices. The project uses a Farmer Field School model that continues to serve as a viable platform for rural farmers to access hands-on skills and basic modern farming knowledge and techniques. The case studies presented here demonstrate a significant increase in farmers’ productivity, income and resilience. This approach should be emulated by governments and private sector players to achieve impact at scale in Nigeria’s agricultural sector, which is the country’s top non-oil revenue stream.

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Martinuzzi, Sebastian, William A. Gould, Olga M. Ramos Gonzalez, Maya Quinones e Michael E. Jimenez. Urban and rural land use in Puerto Rico. San Juan, PR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/iitf-rmap-1.

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Aromolaran, Adebayo, Milu Muyanga, Thomas Jayne, Abiodun E. Obayelu, Titus Awokuse, Omotoso O. Ogunmola e Fadlullah O. Issa. Drivers of Market-Oriented Land Use Decisions Among Farm Households in Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), novembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2020.012.

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In recent times, the Nigerian Government has devised strategies aimed at intensifying smallholder transformation for enhanced food security, employment creation and poverty reduction. However, despite these efforts, the process of agricultural commercialisation in Nigeria has not progressed as fast as expected. Consequently, this study examines agricultural commercialisation in Nigeria with the aim of establishing factors that are constraining commercialisation and identifying potential policy levers that can be used to fast-track the process

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Hickman, Clifford A., e Kevin D. Crowther. Economic impacts of current-use assessment of rural land in the east Texas pineywoods region. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/so-rp-261.

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Liverpool-Tasie, Lenis Saweda O., Ahmed Salim Nuhu, Titus Awokuse, Thomas Jayne, Milu Muyanga, Adebayo Aromolaran e Adesoji Adelaja. Spillover Effects of Medium-Scale Farms on Smallholder Behaviour and Welfare: Evidence from Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), marzo 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.009.

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Many countries across Africa are seeing an increasing share of farmland being classified as medium-scale farms (MSFs). MSFs are defined as farms operating between 5–100ha. MSFs co-exist with small-scale farms (SSFs, defined as farms below 5ha), who still constitute the majority of households in rural areas of Africa. While there is growing literature documenting the drivers of the rise of MSFs and their characteristics empirical evidence on how this rise in MSFs impacts neighbouring SSFs is still thin. This study addresses these observed gaps in the literature. We developed a theoretical model to explain some mechanisms through which spillovers on SSFs can be generated from the existence of MSFs around them. We empirically tested for evidence of these spillovers with data from Nigeria, Africa’s largest economy and most populous nation. By exploring the spillover effects of MSFs on a broader set of SSF outcomes, including input use, productivity, commercialisation and welfare (captured via several measures of household income and poverty status), this paper provides a more comprehensive view of spillover effects.

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Adegoke, Damilola, Natasha Chilambo, Adeoti Dipeolu, Ibrahim Machina, Ade Obafemi-Olopade e Dolapo Yusuf. Public discourses and Engagement on Governance of Covid-19 in Ekiti State, Nigeria. African Leadership Center, King's College London, dicembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47697/lab.202101.

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Numerous studies have emerged so far on Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2) across different disciplines. There is virtually no facet of human experience and relationships that have not been studied. In Nigeria, these studies include knowledge and attitude, risk perception, public perception of Covid-19 management, e-learning, palliatives, precautionary behaviours etc.,, Studies have also been carried out on public framing of Covid-19 discourses in Nigeria; these have explored both offline and online messaging and issues from the perspectives of citizens towards government’s policy responses such as palliative distributions, social distancing and lockdown. The investigators of these thematic concerns deployed different methodological tools in their studies. These tools include policy evaluations, content analysis, sentiment analysis, discourse analysis, survey questionnaires, focus group discussions, in depth-interviews as well as machine learning., These studies nearly always focus on the national government policy response, with little or no focus on the constituent states. In many of the studies, the researchers work with newspaper articles for analysis of public opinions while others use social media generated contents such as tweets) as sources for analysis of sentiments and opinions. Although there are others who rely on the use of survey questionnaires and other tools outlined above; the limitations of these approaches necessitated the research plan adopted by this study. Most of the social media users in Nigeria are domiciled in cities and their demography comprises the middle class (socio-economic) who are more likely to be literate with access to internet technologies. Hence, the opinions of a majority of the population who are most likely rural dwellers with limited access to internet technologies are very often excluded. This is not in any way to disparage social media content analysis findings; because the opinions expressed by opinion leaders usually represent the larger subset of opinions prevalent in the society. Analysing public perception using questionnaires is also fraught with its challenges, as well as reliance on newspaper articles. A lot of the newspapers and news media organisations in Nigeria are politically hinged; some of them have active politicians and their associates as their proprietors. Getting unbiased opinions from these sources might be difficult. The news articles are also most likely to reflect and amplify official positions through press releases and interviews which usually privilege elite actors. These gaps motivated this collaboration between Ekiti State Government and the African Leadership Centre at King’s College London to embark on research that will primarily assess public perceptions of government leadership response to Covid-19 in Ekiti State. The timeframe of the study covers the first phase of the pandemic in Ekiti State (March/April to August 2020).

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Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong e Do Trong Hoan. Commune-level institutional arrangements and monitoring framework for integrated tree-based landscape management. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21024.pdf.

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Governance is a difficult task in the context of achieving landscape multifunctionality owing to the multiplicity of stakeholders, institutions, scale and ecosystem services: the ‘many-multiple’ (Cockburn et al 2018). Governing and managing the physical landscape and the actors in the landscape requires intensive knowledge and good planning systems. Land-use planning is a powerful instrument in landscape governance because it directly guides how actors will intervene in the physical landscape (land use) to gain commonly desired value. It is essential for sustaining rural landscapes and improving the livelihoods of rural communities (Bourgoin and Castella 2011, Bourgoin et al 2012, Rydin 1998), ensuring landscape multifunctionality (Nelson et al 2009, Reyers et al 2012) and enhancing efficiency in carbon sequestration, in particular (Bourgoin et al 2013, Cathcart et al 2007). It is also considered critical to the successful implementation of land-based climate mitigation, such as under Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), because the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector is included in the mitigation contributions of nearly 90 percent of countries in Sub-Saharan and Southern Asia countries and in the Latin American and Caribbean regions (FAO 2016). Viet Nam has been implementing its NDC, which includes forestry and land-based mitigation options under the LULUCF sector. The contribution of the sector to committed national emission reduction is significant and cost-effective compared with other sectors. In addition to achieving emission reduction targets, implementation of forestry and land-based mitigation options has the highest benefits for social-economic development and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (MONRE 2020). Challenges, however, lie in the way national priorities and targets are translated into sub-national delivery plans and the way sub-national actors are brought together in orchestration (Hsu et al 2019) in a context where the legal framework for climate-change mitigation is elaborated at national rather than sub-national levels and coordination between government bodies and among stakeholders is generally ineffective (UNDP 2018). In many developing countries, conventional ‘top–down’, centralized land-use planning approaches have been widely practised, with very little success, a result of a lack of flexibility in adapting local peculiarities (Amler et al 1999, Ducourtieux et al 2005, Kauzeni et al 1993). In forest–agriculture mosaic landscapes, the fundamental question is how land-use planning can best conserve forest and agricultural land, both as sources of economic income and environmental services (O’Farrell and Anderson 2010). This paper provides guidance on monitoring integrated tree-based landscape management at commune level, based on the current legal framework related to natural resource management (land and forest) and the requirements of national green-growth development and assessment of land uses in two communes in Dien Bien and Son La provinces. The concept of integrated tree based landscape management in Viet Nam is still new and should be further developed for wider application across levels.

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Wiggins, Steve, Marco Carreras e Amrita Saha. Returns to Commercialisation: Gross Margins of Commercial Crops Grown by Smallholders in Sub-Saharan Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), marzo 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.013.

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What are the returns to smallholders when they grow commercial crops for sale in rural Africa? The gross value of production per hectare is sometimes reported, with some recent estimates ranging from as much as US$10,000/ha for irrigated vegetables in Zimbabwe to as little as US$250 for sunflower grown on semi-arid land without irrigation in central Tanzania. Gross value, however, takes no account of the costs farmers incur in growing their crops. In this paper, we use gross margin (GM) analysis to take account of those costs and give a truer estimate of the returns to farmers.

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Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong, Do Trong Hoan, Hoang Nguyen Viet Hoa e Nguyen Duy Khanh. Understanding tree-cover transitions, drivers and stakeholders’ perspectives for effective landscape governance: a case study of Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province, Viet Nam. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21023.pdf.

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Integrated landscape management for sustainable livelihoods and positive environmental outcomes has been desired by many developing countries, especially for mountainous areas where agricultural activities, if not well managed, will likely degrade vulnerable landscapes. This research was an attempt to characterize the landscape in Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province in Northwest Viet Nam to generate knowledge and understanding of local conditions and to propose a workable governance mechanism to sustainably manage the landscape. ICRAF, together with national partners — Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute — and local partners — Son La Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Son La Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Chieng Yen Commune People’s Committee — conducted rapid assessments in the landscape, including land-use mapping, land-use characterization, a household survey and participatory landscape assessment using an ecosystem services framework. We found that the landscape and peoples’ livelihoods are at risk from the continuous degradation of forest and agricultural land, and declining productivity, ecosystem conditions and services. Half of households live below the poverty line with insufficient agricultural production for subsistence. Unsustainable agricultural practices and other livelihood activities are causing more damage to the forest. Meanwhile, existing forest and landscape governance mechanisms are generally not inclusive of local community engagement. Initial recommendations are provided, including further assessment to address current knowledge gaps.

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Over, Thomas, Riki Saito, Andrea Veilleux, Padraic O’Shea, Jennifer Sharpe, David Soong e Audrey Ishii. Estimation of Peak Discharge Quantiles for Selected Annual Exceedance Probabilities in Northeastern Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, giugno 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/16-014.

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This report provides two sets of equations for estimating peak discharge quantiles at annual exceedance probabilities (AEPs) of 0.50, 0.20, 0.10, 0.04, 0.02, 0.01, 0.005, and 0.002 (recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 500 years, respectively) for watersheds in Illinois based on annual maximum peak discharge data from 117 watersheds in and near northeastern Illinois. One set of equations was developed through a temporal analysis with a two-step least squares-quantile regression technique that measures the average effect of changes in the urbanization of the watersheds used in the study. The resulting equations can be used to adjust rural peak discharge quantiles for the effect of urbanization, and in this study the equations also were used to adjust the annual maximum peak discharges from the study watersheds to 2010 urbanization conditions. The other set of equations was developed by a spatial analysis. This analysis used generalized least-squares regression to fit the peak discharge quantiles computed from the urbanization-adjusted annual maximum peak discharges from the study watersheds to drainage-basin characteristics. The peak discharge quantiles were computed by using the Expected Moments Algorithm following the removal of potentially influential low floods defined by a multiple Grubbs-Beck test. To improve the quantile estimates, regional skew coefficients were obtained from a newly developed regional skew model in which the skew increases with the urbanized land use fraction. The skew coefficient values for each streamgage were then computed as the variance-weighted average of at-site and regional skew coefficients. The drainage-basin characteristics used as explanatory variables in the spatial analysis include drainage area, the fraction of developed land, the fraction of land with poorly drained soils or likely water, and the basin slope estimated as the ratio of the basin relief to basin perimeter. This report also provides: (1) examples to illustrate the use of the spatial and urbanization-adjustment equations for estimating peak discharge quantiles at ungaged sites and to improve flood-quantile estimates at and near a gaged site; (2) the urbanization-adjusted annual maximum peak discharges and peak discharge quantile estimates at streamgages from 181 watersheds including the 117 study watersheds and 64 additional watersheds in the study region that were originally considered for use in the study but later deemed to be redundant. The urbanization-adjustment equations, spatial regression equations, and peak discharge quantile estimates developed in this study will be made available in the web-based application StreamStats, which provides automated regression-equation solutions for user-selected stream locations. Figures and tables comparing the observed and urbanization-adjusted peak discharge records by streamgage are provided at http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165050 for download.

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