Tesi: "Rural areas – Planning – Australia"

1

Dufty, Rae School of Biological Earth &amp Environmental Sciences UNSW. "Rethinking the politics of distribution: the geographies and governmentalities of housing assistance in rural New South Wales, Australia". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/31460.

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Housing, while a necessity of ???life???, goes beyond this definition in this research to also become a technology of government in the domestic distributional geopolitics of nation-states. Employing a Foucaultian approach to power and governance, this research examines how the provision of housing assistance was used in the government of rural public housing communities. Data for this research were collected through a series of archival resources that focused specifically on the transitional periods of 1935-1955 and 1985-2005. Data were also gathered through a questionnaire and interviews with public housing tenants and staff from four towns (Griffith, Cootamundra, Junee and Tumut) in the ???Riverina??? region of south-western New South Wales (NSW), Australia. This research makes five contributions to geographical understandings of distributional politics. First, the thesis contends that poststructuralist theoretical approaches to the analysis of power and governance enable innovative critical engagements with the distributional geopolitical agendas of governmental processes. The research also found that the distributional geopolitical agendas of Governments have been pursued through more than just the redistribution of fiscal resources, but also include the redistribution of human resources. In particular, housing assistance has been, and is used today, to perpetuate certain internal migration patterns to aid this human-distributional agenda. Third, the study argues that ??? while the broad shift to advanced liberal forms of government have resulted in changes to how distributional geopolitical agendas are pursued ??? ???distribution??? remains an integral feature of the geopolitical objectives of those who seek to govern in advanced liberal ways. This work also shows how these new advanced liberal distributional objectives remain open to being problematised and/or resisted at the local scale. However, while such governmental processes are always uncertain and open to contestation, these changes have brought about a new set of ethical and political consequences. We need to be alert to and critical of the ways in which these new distributional geopolitical agendas impact on our own and others??? ???freedoms???.

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2

Chen, Lih Horng. "Land use control in residential areas in Taiwan". Thesis, University of Manchester, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292486.

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3

Younes, Bassem Mohammed. "The effectiveness of new road schemes in urban areas". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46623.

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4

Green, Edward John School of Social Work UNSW. "???Staying bush??? ??? a study of gay men living in rural areas". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Social Work, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25706.

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Abstract (sommario):

This study explored the experience of what it is to be a gay man and to live in a rural community. It sought to understand why gay men would want to live in places that are said to have a reputation for hostility towards them. The empirical data from the semi-structured interviews with twenty-one gay men living in fifteen small-town locations across New South Wales, Australia, was analysed using a qualitative method derived from phenomenology, ethnography and modified grounded theory. The distinctive findings of this thesis centre on these men???s desire and determination to stay in the bush. They chose to stay in rural locations and effectively employed a diverse range of strategies to both combat the difficulties of rural life and enhance its advantages. The bush was the place in which these men could find themselves, be themselves and also find others like themselves. The space and the isolation of the bush gave them the latitude and the scope to live gay lives. This is why they stayed. By staying, they were also able to live out both the homosexual and rural components of their personal and social identity. Building on a brief look at the Australian rural past, the conceptual framework utilises notions of ???the stranger??? and draws on resilience, agency and resistance theory to understand these men???s ability to live in an unwelcoming place. Resilience allowed these men to cope and deal with the difficulties they faced. Human agency, the individual's capacity to exert autonomy over his life, is used to restore prominence to resistance theory. Agency is the catalyst to resistance and resistance fuels an individual???s, and sometimes a collective, opposition to the dominant social forces that inhibits one???s agency. These men???s desire to live in a rural place can be understood through theoretical considerations of place, the freedom of place and queer theory. Their satisfaction with life can be theorised through the application of a concept new to theory in gay literature - thriving. This thesis documents a largely unreported aptitude and proficiency by rural gay men to live in the bush. It suggests that their close affinity with place gives them a sense of belonging that, when combined with their concept of a gay lifestyle, effectively queers the places in which they live. That gay men can live fulfilled lives in the very places they are said to have fled evokes an innovative perspective together with an appreciation of what it is to be gay in the bush.

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5

Carroll, John. "Coastal superquarries in Scotland : critical issues of development in remote coastal areas". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370036.

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6

Marshall, Timothy Charles. "Local planning in inner city residential areas : studies of Leeds and Manchester 1966-1986". Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1990. https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/a1f4f945-18ae-419f-86c9-b3bd423f7058/1.

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A new phase of local planning began in the 1970s in the major English cities, as redevelopment of older residential areas began to give way to rehabilitation. This phase has not been intensively studied in the planning literature. This study seeks to assess the contribution of local planning to the processes of renewal in these inner residential areas, with a special interest in arrangements which may give residents of these areas better control over the outcomes. The research examines the factors which conditioned the approach to local planning in each city and each neighbourhood, with case studies of two neighbourhoods in Leeds and two in Manchester. At the citywide level Manchester council's form of Labour politics is seen as generally discouraging the use of local planning frameworks, with the retention of a more centralised council administration. Analysis of the joint operation of a wide range of factors is emphasised as necessary to understand the kinds of local planning adopted and the effects these had. In particular the variation present within each neighbourhood and in each case or episode is seen as significant in influencing local planning processes and outcomes. After 1974 there was less likelihood of even informal area frameworks being used, and greater tendencies towards ad hoc planning decisions on individual cases. It is concluded that extensive changes are needed to make local planning more responsive: changes particularly in the overall resourcing and programming context in which local planning operates, and in the procedures used within planning, above all those for involving local interests and in the way municipal administration is organised. The housing renewal system introduced in 1990 (with Renewal Areas) might, if suitably applied, help to facilitate such a form of more responsive local planning.

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7

Morrison, Tiffany H. "Institutional integration in complex environments : pursuing rural sustainability at the regional level in Australia and the U.S.A. /". St. Lucia, Qld, 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17897.pdf.

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8

El-Telbani, Jebril. "Transport problems of disadvantaged people : case studies of the elderly in four areas of Sheffield". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1993. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1791/.

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The major concern of this thesis is to describe and identify the main transport problems which may affect the elderly's levels of participation in activities, and also to examine the relationship between transport problems and the elderly's levels of participation. The main objectives of this thesis are: to identify the main activities in which the elderly participate; to identify the transport problems which may affect or prevent the elderly from taken part in some or all activities; to identify which activities the elderly fail to achieve and the level of participation they wish to achieve and the main reasons which underline these problems; to examine how the characteristics of individuals affect the use of transport methods; and finally to identify the main transport difficulties encountered by the elderly in using transport system. This thesis is divided into twelve chapters, which can be structured into four main parts: the first part reviews the literature on transport policy for the elderly; the second part includes background information to the research problems, the survey methodology and the case studies; the third part contains detailed discussion of the main transport problems affecting the elderly's participation in the organised activities (from the organisers' point of view), the fourth part contains discussions of achieved activities, desired level of participation in activities, transport methods used by the elderly, and finally transport difficulties encountered by the elderly; this includes fully achieved, modified, and frustrated activities, in order to explain the relationship between the transport needs and demands of the elderly people. The main survey method used in collecting the data was a postal questionnaire and SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) was used in analysis. The thesis concludes by providing a summary of the main findings and the implications of the results obtained in the study.

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9

Pungetti, Gloria. "Landscape research for ecologically sound planning of Mediterranean rural areas : applications in Sardinia". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627619.

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10

Godwin, Dawn V. "Collaboration as a Tool for Creating Sustainable Natural Resource Based Economies in Rural Areas". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31834.

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The earth and its global economy are faced with many environmental considerations. Among those are limited resources such as food, energy, and water, as well as a myriad of complex issues including global warming and population growth. These environmental problems are not recent developments, and in attempting to remedy them in the past we have created solutions within the existing scientific and economic framework. However, in recent decades it has become apparent that these problems encompass more than simply science and economics, and an innovative model is supplanting traditional decision-making methods. This new model is collaborative environmental planning (CEM).

Collaborative environmental planning differs from traditional problem solving methods in several critical ways. It goes beyond economics and science, incorporating values and norms. Collaborative planning views problems not as belonging to a single discipline, but rather in a holistic, multi-disciplinary manner. In addition, collaborative approaches focus on the process of problem solving, which means involving all stakeholders--in an effort to produce better solutions.

The collaborative process ensures that all interested parties (stakeholders) have a voice in shaping solutions. This necessitates incorporating various competing interests from the beginning, thus framing problems in a different manner. Allowing stakeholders to participate and contribute their perspectives means that problems are defined differently than if one or two "experts" look at the same situation. It means that solutions are not necessarily defined by the "experts", or agencies, but within and from the community. Currently, we see this practice manifest in many community initiatives and it seems to be spreading. State and federal agencies are participating in collaborative partnerships as well, and the idea of collaborative planning is infusing into the mainstream of policy and planning.

One area of particular interest with regards to collaborative environmental planning is rural resource-based economies. Many of these locales have many inherent features, such as strong ties to the land, that can create a successful platform from which to launch collaborative efforts. Many such communities suffer from resource depletion, loss of economic base, environmental degradation and a host of other resource issues, and face a rather unique situation. These communities depend on the environment in a way urban areas do not. For rural resource-based economies, the environment provides their livelihood and they must change the way that they interact with that environment. These areas must view environmental protection and economic development as one in the same, rather than as two irreconcilable goals. Collaborative environmental planning is using resources which exist within rural communities to create a new problem-solving framework in an effort to create self-sufficiency and positive change.

This paper begins with an introduction to the history and theoretical components of collaborative environmental planning in Chapter Two, and then defines the concept by operationalizing several elements of the model in the subsequent chapter. Chapter Four examines rural communities, specifically the issues many currently face, and how collaborative environmental planning is assisting in the revitalization of faltering resource-based economies. Chapter Five provides an in-depth look at three rural collaborative environmental planning efforts, and the uncertainties and accomplishments of each. The final chapter provides lessons that can be applied to collaborative environmental planning and sustainable rural development.
Master of Urban and Regional Planning

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11

Osman, Elizabeth Helen. "Rural land sharing communities in South Australia : planning and legal constraints to their development". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envo83.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 103-106. This research is concerned with rural land sharing communities in South Australia. The state's planning system is examined to see what mechanisms it possesses for dealing with communal or any other unconventional development, and what the main planning constraints are. A case study of an actual development application for a rural land sharing community is examined.

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12

Lau, Oi-ha Joanne. "Planning for the urban-rural fringe areas of Hong Kong : case study of Wo Yi Hop Village /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23427036.

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13

Abid, S. H. "Rural development planning : The formulation of planning policies for development planning areas (DPAs), with special reference to the district of Jenin, West Bank". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379074.

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14

Chin, Man Yi Maggie Lee Sui-chun Macella Lo Yi-wah. "Planning considerations for golf course development in rural areas in North-Western New Territories /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14799777.

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15

Hay, Kathryn Mary. "Planning for water resources management in rural areas : a case study of Texada Island". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25422.

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This thesis develops a conceptual framework that could be used to understand, assess and balance water resources supply and demand in regions where data are limited. The framework is then applied to a case study of Texada Island in British Columbia. The flow of water into and out of Texada is calculated using the Thornthwaite water balance method which uses average monthly precipitation and monthly daily average temperature data. The stock of surface water is estimated using existing data on lake volumes in conjunction with the results of analyses of air photographs and topographic maps. After the analysis of maps, reports, and interviews with mining personnel regarding the island's geology, likely aquifers were identified and their approximate water storage capacity was calculated. The present rate of water use was determined from interviews with island residents and industry personnel, field observations, analysis of available data and a review of the relevant literature on water demands by different water using sectors. Finally, to determine whether water supplies on the island were adequate to meet future demands, scenarios were constructed for analysing potential water use to 1996 by various water using sectors. The results of the supply-demand analysis revealed that on an annual and region-wide basis, water on Texada is abundant and will be adequate to meet expected demands to 1996, and likely beyond. However, there are some local areas that currently experience water shortages during the low flow and peak demand period during the summer months. The management options that were determined to be the most appropriate solution to summer water shortages are, in the short-term, trucking in water and selective restrictions on water use during the peak demand period. In the medium to long-term, the diversion of surface water and the development of groundwater are the most appropriate solutions to water shortages on Texada. Next steps for planning the management of water resources on Texada Island are suggested. The initial and most important of these involves abandoning the ad hoc approach that now exists for dealing with water resources on the island and adopting a strategic, co-operative and co-ordinated approach involving residents and to a lesser extent, the Powell River Regional District, of which Texada is a part.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate

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16

Williams, Jada Bennette. "Strategies for Improved Microgrid System Selection for the Electrification of Rural Areas". University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1437961472.

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17

Rollinson, Daniel J., e n/a. "Synanthropy of the Australian Magpie: A Comparison of Populations in Rural and Suburban Areas of Southeast Queensland, Australia". Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040924.152124.

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The urbanised environment provides ecologists with unique situations in which to undertake ecological study. It has been said that urbanisation is like a natural experiment; we often have populations of animals that have gone from living in natural or semi-natural environments to living in a highly modified anthropogenic environment. These situations provide ideal settings to study the ecological and behavioural differences that may develop in populations located in different habitats. Urbanisation typically results in a minority of species dominating the fauna, and this thesis aimed to examine one such species, the Australian magpie. Despite the magpie being a common and well-liked suburban bird, the majority of previous research on this species has been undertaken within rural or exurban locations. This thesis aimed to examine what actually happens to the species when it lives in the suburban environment. In particular I focused on specific behavioural and ecological features, to see if there were any particular adaptations the suburban magpies showed and also if the suburban habitats provide certain resources favourable to the magpies and what ecological effects these may have. Comparisons of the territory structure and resources of rural and suburban magpies showed that although many features of the territory are similar between rural and suburban locations, notably the choice of native nest trees, magpie territories within suburban areas were smaller and contained more anthropogenic features. The reduced territory size may possibly be related to a greater abundance of key food resources also evident within suburban areas. Furthermore, suburban magpies are more successful in their foraging attempts, again possibly reflecting a more abundant food supply in suburbia and also the simplified nature of suburban foraging areas might facilitate more successful foraging. The increased foraging success is likely to explain the greater provisioning rate to nestling suburban magpies. Suburban magpies also utilised human provided foods. I quantified the extent of wildlife feeding within many of the suburban study sites of this thesis (through the use of questionnaire surveys). In each of the locations it was evident that at least one person (usually more) was providing a regular supply of food to wildlife and magpies appeared to be the main recipients of this food. Previous ecological studies suggest the provision of extra food to avian populations is likely to affect the breeding ecology, and this was so for magpies. The suburban populations initiated breeding significantly earlier than rural magpies. To test the influence of food, supplementary food was provided to rural magpies, not currently receiving any additional human provided foods. The fed rural magpies initiated breeding before control rural magpies (i.e. not receiving any additional food) but suburban magpies still initiated breeding before all other groups. This suggests additional factors present within suburbia, such as warmer temperatures, may also control the timing of breeding in magpies. Magpies in rural and suburban locations lived within different vertebrate communities. Within suburban magpie territories a greater number of intrusions were made by domestic animals, notably dogs (Canis lupus) and cats (Felis domesticus). The frequency of raptors entering the territorial areas occupied by magpies appears to suggest such events are more common in rural areas. The number of humans entering magpie territories was obviously greater in the more populated suburban areas and the majority of magpies responded neutrally to humans. However a group of magpies that previously exhibited extreme aggression towards humans were found to have a greater frequency of aggressive interactions with potential predatory intruders, which were primarily humans. Subsequent examination of the level of corticosterone from this aggressive group of magpies found that a high level of aggressive interactions with potential predators and humans is reflected in higher level of corticosterone, which may have implications for further behavioural and even physiological changes. An ability to habituate to human in urbanised areas is a key attribute of successful synanthropic species. Comparisons of magpies disturbance distances at different points along the urban gradient (the gradient that runs from the urbaised city to natural wildlands) found suburban magpies only responded to humans when they had approached to a close distance (often less than one metre) and many simply walked away to avoid the approaching human. Rural and exurban magpies responded to humans at greater distances than suburban magpies. The distance at which they responded to the human was usually 100 meters plus, and these magpies always flew away. A continuation of this investigation over a temporal scale again found the large difference in response to humans, with suburban magpies exhibiting a decreased response towards humans. However, a certain proportion of responses from suburban magpies were also aggressive. The examination of disturbance distance over the breeding season found that in suburban magpies the responses of most disturbance distance variables remained similar between breeding stages. Rural magpies, however, exhibited variation in their responses towards humans depending on the stage of breeding. It is suggested that the response of rural magpies may be a typical fear response towards an unusual potential threat. The studies presented in this thesis show that magpies have the behavioural capacity to take advantage of resources in suburban landscapes that are not available or are in lessor supply in rural landscapes, it is these abilities that facilitate the magpies synanthropy.

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18

Rollinson, Daniel J. "Synanthropy of the Australian magpie a comparison of populations in rural and suburban areas of southeast Queensland, Australia /". Connect to this title online, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040924.152124/.

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19

au, martinia@westnet com, e Angelita Martini. "Community participation in government and private sector planning: a case study of health and telecommunications planning for rural and remote Western Australia". Murdoch University, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20081002.100047.

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This study was conducted in the context of health service planning in an environment of changing government strategies for regional, rural and remote area health care and telecommunications infrastructure planning in Western Australia. The study provides an account of the State Government of Western Australias planning for the implementation of a telecommunications network infrastructure, and specifically the Telehealth Project, conducted between 1998 and 2002. The purpose of this study was to examine influences on community participation in planning within the dynamic political, economic and social forces that impact on the development of regional, rural and remote area health services. Specifically, the study outlines the issues and barriers in providing for significant local participation in projects that are centrally initiated and controlled. It examines the influences in planning for projects that incorporate local community based beliefs and needs, the requirements of collaborating with multiple state and national government departments, and the private sector. This study was situated within the interpretive paradigm, and is conceptualised within Donabedians (1969) framework for assessing and assuring quality in health care. The methodological approach is bound within a case study and consists of a participatory action research approach. The research method uses the single case to undertake in-depth interviews, observations and a survey to collect data from community, government and industry members as a basis for reflection and action. The findings of the study clearly indicated that there was consensus between all rural, remote and metropolitan area participants that telecommunications did offer the opportunity to provide increased, improved or alternative health services. However, there were a number of obstacles to the success of the planning process, including a lack of local community inclusion in planning committees, poor communication within central government agencies, overuse of external consultants, a bias toward the medical view, a limited scope of invitation to contribute, and local information being overlooked in the final implementation plan. Analysis of planning for the Telehealth Project reveals the implications of organisational and political stakeholders making final decisions about outcomes; and provides a reminder of the importance of engaging communities authentically when planning for health and telecommunications services which involve the public and private sectors. The originality and significance of this study stems from understanding how technology can advance community health; through measures such as the use of community participation strategies, through authentic community based leadership, truly representative participants, decentralised decision making, a focus on community based health needs and change management strategies that include all of these. Consequently, the study advances knowledge of community participation in planning, and the evidence suggests implications for practice, education and further research.

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20

Chalklen, Andrew John. "Managing public access to arid lands in South Australia : a case study of the north Flinders Ranges /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envc436.pdf.

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21

Sawathvong, Silavanh. "Participatory land management planning in biodiversity conservation areas of Lao PDR /". Umeå : Dept. of Forest Resource Management and Geomatics, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/s267.pdf.

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22

Linde, Azanne. "A spatially integrated approach for tourism planning and marketing in rural mountainous areas : the Montagu region". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52135.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to identify marketable tourism products in rural mountainous regions, specifically the Montagu region. These products could stimulate economic growth, because it would provide the means for integrated regional tourism planning and improved marketing strategies. An integrated approach was adopted, implying that environmental, economic and entrepreneurial components were considered in the research. The environmental component refers to the identification and spatial location of existing and potential tourism resources. The economic component involves the selection and combination of resources for the construction of specific tourism packages. The entrepreneurial component refers to consideration of the opinions of the local community. The gathering of environmental data involved the identification of potential tourism resources in rural mountainous regions. Economic data was collected through a questionnaire survey among tour operators, tour brokers and marketers to determine which resources should be grouped together to create marketable tourism products. Data selection on entrepreneurial matters involved a survey among farm owners to determine their perceptions with regards to agri-tourism. Analysis of the data encompassed the creation of a spatial data base by using the raster capabilities of Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Each thematic layer in the data base represented the approximate location of a specific tourism resource in the Montagu region. Values were then allocated to different layers according to the importance of each resource within a specific tourism package (average rating as determined by tour operators, brokers and marketers). This enabled the creation of a map for each type of tourism package, as well as a regional map showing the spatial location and concentration of highly rated tourism resources. It was found that, by following this process, the spatial representation of resource preferences for specific packages did not reveal as much variability as would be expected. This was due to the tendency that certain resources were consistently rated highly important for inclusion, notwithstanding the type of package. It was also due to the fact that a number of resources, irrespective of its rating, sometimes occurred in areas with close proximity. However, these maps still provided a good spatial representation of important resources, making it useful for the production of marketing brochures on specific packages. The regional map is useful for tourism planning and marketing in the region as a whole. It gives a spatial interpretation of the geographical concentration of important tourism resource areas in the region. It also facilitates the identification of specific areas where highly rated tourism resources occur, but where tourism has not yet been developed to its full potential. The collection and analysis of environmental, economic and entrepreneurial data made it possible to determine which resources are required to construct marketable tourism products. Ultimately, important tourism resource areas in a specific rural mountainous region were identified through a scientific process of quantification and map production.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie navorsmg was om bemarkbare toerismeprodukte in landelike, bergagtige streke te identifiseer, meer spesifiek die Montagustreek. Hierdie produkte kan ekonomiese groei stimuleer, want die ontwikkeling daarvan kan 'n wyse voorsien om geintegreerde toerismebeplanning en verbeterde bemarkingstrategiee op streeksvlak te verseker. 'n Meer holistiese benadering is gevolg, waarmee bedoel word dat omgewingsekonomiese en ondernemingskwessies tydens die navorsing in ag geneem is. Die omgewingskomponent verwys na die identifisering en ruimtelike ligging van bestaande en potensiele toerismehulpbronne. Die ekonomiese komponent behels die seleksie en kombinering van hulpbronne vir die konstruksie van spesifieke toerismepakkette. Die ondernemingskomponent verwys na die oorweging van die persepsies van die plaaslike gemeenskap. Die insameling van omgewingsdata het die identifikasie van potensiele toerismehulpbronne in landelike, bergagtige streke behels. Ekonomiese data is met behulp van 'n vraelysopname onder toeroperateurs, toermakelaars en bemarkers verkry om te bepaal watter hulpbronne saamgegroepeer moet word om bemarkbare toerismeprodukte te skep. Die insameling van data oor ondernemingskwessies het 'n opname onder plaaseienaars behels om sodoende hulle persepsies ten opsigte van agritoerisme te bepaal. Analisering van data het die skep van 'n ruimtelike databasis behels waar van die roosterfunksies van Geografiese Inligtingstelsels (GIS) gebruik gemaak IS. Elke tematiese laag III die databasis het die benaderde ligging van 'n spesifieke toerismehulpbron in die Montagustreek voorgestel. Die waardes wat aan verskillende vlakke toegeken is, was in ooreenstemming met die belangrikheid van elke hulpbron binne 'n spesifieke pakket (gemiddelde gewig soos bepaal deur toeroperateurs, makelaars en bemarkers). Sodoende is 'n kaart vir elke tipe toerismepakket geskep, sowel as 'n streekskaart wat die ruimtelike ligging en konsentrasie van toerismehulpbronne wat hoog aangeslaan is, aandui.

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23

Boni, Giulia. "Planning humanitarian projects with educational focus in Guinea rural areas: analysis and proposal for a change". Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4194.

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Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Acção Humanitária, Cooperação e Desenvolvimento
Este projecto decorre de minha experiência direta: passei seis meses trabalhando com uma ONG em uma escola em uma área rural na República da Guiné. Além do entusiasmo e da paixão, esta experiência deixou-me uma pergunta: porque a maioria das crianças que frequentam a escola primária regularmente têm enormes lacunas de modo a ser muitas vezes praticamente analfabeto? A maioria dos projetos que olhem para questões de educação em África para trazer as crianças para a escola ou para construir a própria escola, se não há. Este projeto concentra a atenção sobre o que acontece quando o aluno já está sentado no banco da escola. O que se segue destina-se a ser um estudo completo, tanto quanto possível, e uma ferramenta necessária para futuras intervenções humanitárias, em qualquer nível neste campo — de uma única escola a uma campanha nacional. Uma compreensão completa e abrangente da intervenção no território e dos destinatários é crucial para os planos para um projeto humanitário eficaz, durável e sustentável. Minha análise começa com um estudo geral sobre Guiné, indicando aspectos histórico-cultural, económico e político, juntando num último ponto minha interpretação. Na segunda etapa faz-se uma análise mais concentrada da educação na Guiné, dos contornos que envolvem o seu âmbito territorial (países de língua francesa da África sub-sahariana) quando necessário, mas também tentando apontar uma distinção que muitas vezes não é detectada entre oportunidades sócio-educativas em áreas rurais e cidades. A partir de problemas objectivos indicados nos relatórios do UNESCO Institute for Statistics, intregro minha experiência pessoal através da detecção de três problemas de base: regras Ministerial, professores, políticas de língua (focando na Guiné como um estudo de caso único e interessante). Na terceira parte, sugerir possíveis estratégias para uma mudança palpável. Para fazer isso, uso minha experiência de dois novos estudos sobre a educação de que tomei conhecimento enquanto estudante em Erasmus em Bruxelas (Université Saint-Louis). Analisando os resultados que tive a possibilidade de encontrar nos alunos que seguiram um curso de alfabetização intensivo de recuperação, detectei que a memorização era a única estratégia de ensino até agora utilizada, com resultados devastadores a nível psicológico e educacional. Através do estudo da formação de especialistas tais como Xavier Roegiers, proponho como possível abordagem a Pedagogia da Integração destinadas a proporcionar à criança conhecimentos e a permitir-lhe de aplicar os seus conhecimentos, deixando de lado a técnica da memorização que, além de causar desconforto nos jovens com insucesso, não conferia nenhuma habilidade real para os que pareciam ter sucesso.
This project stems from my direct experience: I spent six months as a volunteer in an NGO in a rural school in the Republic of Guinea. Apart from the enthusiasm and passion, this experience has left me with a question: how can we explain that the majority of children who attend regularly primary school often have huge gaps at the point of being virtually illiterate? The majority of projects relating to the issue of education in Africa aim at bringing children to school, or plan to build these schools if they do not exist. This project focuses rather on what happens when the student is already sitting on the bench of the school. This work intends to serve as a comprehensive study, as far as possible, and as a necessary tool for future humanitarian actions, regardless of their level of intervention — it may be targeted at a single school or at a national campaign. An complete understanding and a comprehensive knowledge of the territory and beneficiaries is essential to plan a sustainable, efficient and sustainable. humanitarian project. My analysis begins with a comprehensive study on Guinea, indicating historical and cultural, economic and political aspects, and adding final note on my own interpretation. The second step consists into a more specific analysis on education in Guinea, its sphere of action and its influence at the territorial level (french-speaking countries of sub-Saharan Africa) when necessary. It also underlines a distinction that is not often detected: that between social and educational opportunities in rural areas and in cities. From the objective findings contained in the reports of the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, I have added my personal experience by detecting three fundamental problems: the government rules, the teachers praxis, and language policy (focusing on Guinea as unique and interesting case study). In the third part, I suggest possible strategies for a realistic change. To do this, I use my experience from two new studies on education that I learned on while is Erasmus in Brussels (Université Saint-Louis). I use them to analyze the results that I had the opportunity to collect on students who have followed intensive literacy classes, where I noticed that the memorization was the only strategy of education used up to now, with devastating effects at psychological and educational levels. Through the study of the materials of specialists such as Xavier Roegiers, I propose as one possible approach the Pedagogy of Integration, designed to provide the child knowledge and to enable her or him to apply this knowledge, leaving aside the memorization technique which, in addition to causing discomfort among youth in school failure, not provide any real skill for those who seem to have more success.
Ce projet découle de mon expérience directe: j’ai passé six mois comme volontaire au sein d’une ONG dans une école en milieu rural dans la République de Guinée. En plus de l'enthousiasme et de la passion, cette expérience m'a laissé une interrogation : comment expliquer que la majorité des enfants qui fréquentent régulièrement l'école primaire ont d'énormes lacunes au point d’être souvent pratiquement analphabètes ? La majorité des projets qui ont trait à des questions d'éducation en Afrique visent à amener les enfants à l'école ou à construire ces écoles, s'il n’y en a pas. Ce projet attire plutôt l'attention sur ce qui arrive quand l'élève est déjà assis sur le banc de l’école. Ce travail est destiné à servir comme une étude complète autant que possible et un outil nécessaire pour les futures interventions humanitaires, quel que soit le niveau dans ce domaine, d'une école unique à une campagne nationale. Une compréhension complète et globale de l'intervention sur le territoire et sur les bénéficiaires est essentielle à une planification pour un projet humanitaire durable, efficace et durable. Mon analyse commence avec une étude globale sur la Guinée, en indiquant les aspects historiques et culturels, économiques et politiques, et en ajoutant en note finale ma propre interprétation. Dans la deuxième étape une analyse de façon plus ciblée l'éducation en Guinée, sa sphère d’action et son rayonnement au plan territorial (les francophones des pays de l'Afrique subsaharienne) quand nécessaire, mais on essaye aussi de souligner une distinction qui n'est souvent pas détectée entre opportunités socio-éducatives dans les zones rurales et dans les villes. À partir des constatations objectives contenues dans les rapports du UNESCO Institute for Statistics, j’intègre mon expérience personnelle en détectant les trois problèmes fondamentaux : les règles ministérielles, les enseignants, les politiques linguistiques (en se concentrant sur la Guinée comme étude de cas unique et intéressante). Dans la troisième partie, sont suggérées des stratégies possibles de changement palpable. Pour ce faire, j’utilise mon expérience de deux nouvelles études sur l'éducation acquises lors de mon séjour en Erasmus à Bruxelles (Université Saint-Louis). J’analyse des résultats que j'ai eu la possibilité de collecter sur des élèves qui ont suivi des cours d'alphabétisation intensifs de récupération, où j'ai détecté que la mémorisation était la seule stratégie d’enseignement jusqu'à maintenant utilisée, avec des effets dévastateurs au niveau psychologique et éducatif. Grâce à l'étude de la matériaux de spécialistes tels que Xavier Roegiers, je propose une approche possible à la pédagogie de l'intégration conçue pour fournir à l'enfant les connaissances et lui permettre d'appliquer ces connaissances, laissant de côté la technique de mémorisation qui, en plus de causer une gêne chez les jeunes en échec scolaire, ne confère aucune compétence réelle pour ceux qui semblent avoir plus de succès.
Questo progetto nasce dalla mia diretta esperienza: ho passato sei mesi lavorando con una ong in una scuola in una zona rurale della Repubblica di Guinea. Oltre a tanto entusiasmo e passione questo periodo mi ha lasciato un interrogativo: perché la maggior parte dei bambini che frequentavano regolarmente la scuola primaria presentavano enormi lacune tanto da essere spesso praticamente analfabeti? La maggior parte dei progetti che guardano ai problemi dell’educazione in Africa puntano a portare i bambini a scuola o a costruirla qualora non ci fosse, io ho focalizzato la mia attenzione su quello che succede quando lo studente è già seduto al banco. Quello che segue vuole essere uno studio quanto più completo possibile, uno strumento necessario per futuri interventi umanitari a qualsiasi livello in questo campo, dalla singola scuola a una campagna nazionale. Una conoscenza approfondita e globale del territorio di intervento, dei destinatari e dei precedenti piani è fondamentale per un progetto umanitario efficace, duraturo e sostenibile. La mia analisi parte da uno studio generale sulla Guinea inquadrandone l’aspetto storico-culturale, economico e politico, unendo a quest’ultimo punto una mia chiave di lettura. Nella seconda parte passo a un’analisi più mirata dell’educazione in Guinea, inquadrandola nel suo contesto territoriale (paesi francofoni dell’Africa Sub-Sahariana) quando serve ma anche cercando di sottolineare una distinzione che spesso non viene rilevata: quella tra le possibilità socio-educative nelle zone rurali e nelle città. Partendo da problemi oggettivi emersi da rapporti dell’Unesco Institute for Statistics integro la mia personale esperienza rilevando tre nodi principali: le disposizioni ministeriali, gli insegnanti, le politiche linguistiche (che rendono la Guinea un caso di studio unico e interessante). Nella terza parte, suggerisco possibili strategie per un cambiamento tangibile. Per fare ciò utilizzo sia la mia diretta esperienza sia i nuovi studi sull’educazione di cui sono venuta a conoscenza mentre ero studente in Erasmus a Bruxelles (Université Saint-Louis). Analizzando i risultati che ho potuto riscontrare negli allievi che seguivo in un corso di recupero e alfabetizzazione intensivo ho rilevato la memorizzazione come unica strategia d’insegnamento abbia dei risultati a livello psicologico e didattico devastanti. Tramite lo studio di specialisti della formazione quali Xavier Roegiers propongo come possibile approccio la Pedagogia dell’Integrazione, volta a rendere il bambino in grado di conoscere e applicare le sue conoscenze, cancellando la tecnica della memorizzazione che, oltre a causare sconforto per i giovani che fallivano nelle prove di valutazione, non dava reali competenze a chi pareva riuscire.

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Martini, Angelita. "Community participation in government and private sector planning: a case study of health and telecommunications planning for rural and remote Western Australia". Martini, Angelita (2006) Community participation in government and private sector planning: a case study of health and telecommunications planning for rural and remote Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/184/.

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This study was conducted in the context of health service planning in an environment of changing government strategies for regional, rural and remote area health care and telecommunications infrastructure planning in Western Australia. The study provides an account of the State Government of Western Australia's planning for the implementation of a telecommunications network infrastructure, and specifically the Telehealth Project, conducted between 1998 and 2002. The purpose of this study was to examine influences on community participation in planning within the dynamic political, economic and social forces that impact on the development of regional, rural and remote area health services. Specifically, the study outlines the issues and barriers in providing for significant local participation in projects that are centrally initiated and controlled. It examines the influences in planning for projects that incorporate local community based beliefs and needs, the requirements of collaborating with multiple state and national government departments, and the private sector. This study was situated within the interpretive paradigm, and is conceptualised within Donabedian's (1969) framework for assessing and assuring quality in health care. The methodological approach is bound within a case study and consists of a participatory action research approach. The research method uses the single case to undertake in-depth interviews, observations and a survey to collect data from community, government and industry members as a basis for reflection and action. The findings of the study clearly indicated that there was consensus between all rural, remote and metropolitan area participants that telecommunications did offer the opportunity to provide increased, improved or alternative health services. However, there were a number of obstacles to the success of the planning process, including a lack of local community inclusion in planning committees, poor communication within central government agencies, overuse of external consultants, a bias toward the medical view, a limited scope of invitation to contribute, and local information being overlooked in the final implementation plan. Analysis of planning for the Telehealth Project reveals the implications of organisational and political stakeholders making final decisions about outcomes; and provides a reminder of the importance of engaging communities authentically when planning for health and telecommunications services which involve the public and private sectors. The originality and significance of this study stems from understanding how technology can advance community health; through measures such as the use of community participation strategies, through authentic community based leadership, truly representative participants, decentralised decision making, a focus on community based health needs and change management strategies that include all of these. Consequently, the study advances knowledge of community participation in planning and the evidence suggests implications for practice, education and further research.

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Smailes, Peter John, e peter smailes@adelaide edu au. "Redefining the Local: the social organisation of rural space in South Australia, 1982-2006". Flinders University. Geography, Population and Environmental Management, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20061005.151832.

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This thesis brings together a series of existing and ongoing pieces of research, conducted over a period of some years. There are five primary aims. The first is to construct a coherent empirical picture of the social organisation of space in rural South Australia by the early 1980s, at the outset of a period of turmoil and rapid change. The second is to bring together two relevant but disparate levels of theory (globalisation/structural change and localism/place attachment), to understand the impact of the rural crisis of 1984-94 on rural communities, families and individuals. The third is to trace the context and development of the crisis itself, the resultant poverty, demographic change, and reduced socio-economic viability of communities. Fourthly, the theoretical and empirical findings are applied to the search for an altered accommodation between society and space, through which a modified and regrouped but still essentially intact rural society can survive beyond the crisis. Finally, I reflect on the methodological contribution and limitations of the thesis, and also on the ethical concerns and values confronting an academic researcher reporting on a local- or micro-level social tragedy, concealed and rationalised by national macro-level success. Chapter 1 deals with fundamental concepts and epistemology. Chapter 2 sketches the evolution of the South Australian rural habitat up to the 1980s. Chapter 3 examines macro-level theory on globalisation in the structuralist and political economy traditions, which seek to explain the forces changing the politico-economic ground rules within which rural communities have to operate. Chapter 4 examines theory relating to the world of the individual person and his/her most immediate social reference groups - family, neighbourhood and community. It presents a model of place-making, and evaluates the contributions of various disciplines towards understanding specific aspects of this process, particularly rural sociology, social and humanistic geography, structuration theory and theory relating to human territoriality. Chapter 5 reveals how individuals and local social groups actually occupied space and developed place-attachment in rural South Australia in the early 1980s. It draws on field studies carried out between 1979 and 1986, and on a 1982-83 postal sample survey of 2000 rural households. Chapter 6 traces the course of a decade of almost continuous rural crisis, from about 1984. It shows how the global economy and political decisions (international, national and State) flowed through to rural people and places. Demographic and economic impacts are examined at State level, with a regional example. Chapters 7 (quantitative) and 8 (qualitative) examine the changes wrought by the crisis on rural society and the social organisation of space. They draw on a 1992/93 replication of the previous postal survey to demonstrate the persistence and continuity of major features of the rural society, but also the fragility of the current spatial organisation. The widespread rural poverty in the early 1990s and its impact on the state of rural morale are demonstrated, along with perceived changes in key community characteristics, and divergence of the economic from the social organisation of rural space. Chapter 9 assesses requirements for a socially sustainable rural Australia, in the light of the last ten yearsï¿½ developments in rural research. It argues the need for the focus of localism to be re-defined upwards from individual community to regional level Finally in Chapter 10, I reflect on the contribution and limitations of the thesis, and on the wider problem of the role academics could, should and do play in relation to the deeply meaningful social transformations we purport to study.

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Jarvis, Robert K. "Talking about special places : a covert participant observation study of the communication of environmental quality in local authority planning and control of historic buildings and conservation areas 1974-1986". Thesis, Open University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386264.

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Lau, Oi-ha Joanne, e 劉愛霞. "Planning for the urban-rural fringe areas of Hong Kong: case study of Wo Yi Hop Village". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260561.

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28

Yeomans, Martin Gregory. "Some dimensions of a planning problem : residential-agricultural land use conflict in metropolitan rural-urban fringe areas". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26945.

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Residential-agricultural land use conflict in the rural-urban fringe of metropolitan areas is commonly mentioned as a planning problem. The initial intent of this research was to correlate types of conflict and local planning responses in order to identify effective approaches to the management of such problems. The anticipated method would have combined theory which addresses the cause and characteristics of residential-agricultural conflict along with data from Vancouver suburbs having substantial agricultural activity and planning departments respected for their professional qualities. However, the investigation showed that the academic literature and the accessible data would not support such research. On the other hand, consultations with local planners and a review of available documentation in the municipalities of Richmond, Delta and Surrey, British Columbia, showed that residential-agricultural land use conflict is treated as a planning problem and is a source of complaints to municipal officials. Three kinds of conclusions resulted from this research. The first and second are appropriate to the underdeveloped state of the academic literature, while the first and third relate to professional practice in the absence of applicable scientific knowledge. The first is a description of the characteristics which are perceived as constituting a planning problem and a governmental response. Secondly, there are recommendations for development of data to support future research. Municipal governments in the three communities have no comprehensive monitoring system or set of cross-referenced records of complaints associated with land use conflicts. Instead, conflicts are received, identified and acted on by a variety of departments in the local government. From the descriptive material a tentative typology is offered to guide data collection and classification. Thirdly, there are suggestions which may be useful to planners who must rely on non-systematic methods to identify conflict situations appropriate for a planning response and to develop that response. The summaries of problems and responses reported are used to develop a tentative critique of present conceptualizations of appropriate planning measures. It is observed that planners have used only a few of the possible responses to rural-urban conflict. In particular, it is clear that for a wide range of conflict types there has been a reliance on land buffers to separate potentially conflicting activities. Alternative and supplementary approaches which may improve the management of typical conflict situations are suggested. These approaches focus on preventing the development of conflict through increasing the mutual understanding of the conflicting parties' points-of-view. Examples include public involvement in problem identification and resolution, as well as programs to facilitate communication between the government, farmers and non-farm residents.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate

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29

Reeves, Donald Thomas. "Policy-making for primary and secondary schooling in rural areas of Australia and England : a comparative study of resistance to change". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1987. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10019636/.

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30

Hägglund, Markus. "Are second-home owners a hidden recruitment resource for rural and peripheral areas?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-171993.

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Skilled and educated workers are somewhat of a rarity for many rural and peripheral communities. The global migration trend where younger residents of these communities tend to leave for more populated areas leaves the communities with an older population that struggles to find new employees to replace those who retire. However, this does not mean that rural and peripheral communities are unattractive areas. Second-home owners verifies how these areas are attractive for certain individuals for various periods. More importantly, previous research show how second-home owners are often highly educated within their fields, they invest time in their host community, and they can potentially become permanent members of the society. Thus, this study aims to explore second-home owners potential of acting as a recruitment resource for the local labour market of the host community. This is done by using Vilhelmina municipality in Västerbotten county, Sweden, as an example. By using quantitative methods, the findings of this study suggest that the occupational background of second-home owners causes them to be a potential recruitment resource for the local labour market. However, the findings for the study suggest that the willingness to contribute to the local labour market is a mixed bag. Nevertheless, this study contributes to the current understandings of labour recruitment in rural and peripheral areas by confirming the possibility for extension of second-home owners as a resource.
Part of a research project at the Department of Geography at Umeå University called: Is the temporary population a resource?

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31

Chiussi, Giulia. "PLAY - Planning for the Livability and resilience of Appignano communitY". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

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L’ obiettivo della tesi è quello di proporre soluzioni per la rigenerazione di Appignano del Tronto, un paese, situato in un’area rurale della regione Marche, colpito dai terremoti del 2016-2017. L’elaborato si divide in tre parti. La prima è dedicata alla resilienza, intesa come capacità di una specifica comunità di reagire, adattarsi e riuscire a trasformare in opportunità le sfide ambientali, naturali e socio-economiche che si trova ad affrontare. Il tema è stato affrontato nell’ambito della resilienza di comunità, andando ad inserirsi nel filone di ricerca che considera le interazioni socio-ambientali e sfruttando le potenzialità di approccio sistemico offerte dal Community Capital Framework per l’analisi e l’elaborazione della strategia. La seconda parte analizza le politiche europee e locali in merito alla rigenerazione delle aree rurali. Il macro-livello europeo fornisce un quadro di riferimento delle sfide comuni con cui questi territori si confrontano, mentre il livello locale ha il compito di definire degli obiettivi concreti che permettano lo sviluppo e la gestione nella scala più vicina d’intervento. La terza parte vuole dare un contributo progettuale allo sviluppo della resilienza per la comunità di Appignano. Gli interventi concepiti in questo elaborato, tra cui la proposta di creare un co-housing diffuso e un percorso a tappe che promuova la conoscenza della tradizione locale, sono mirati a trasformare le attuali debolezze in punti di forza, facendo leva sulla relazione dell’uomo con l’ambiente in cui abita e sulla consapevolezza dei meccanismi che ad essa sono legati. Individuando i Capitali-chiave per la rigenerazione - costruito, sociale e naturale-cuturale - si propongono soluzioni in grado di incidere anche su altri Capitali innescando un processo di ‘spiraling up’ per aumentare la resilienza della comunità e del territorio che abita.

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32

Guzman-Aranda, Juan Carlos. "Evaluation of Conservation Planning in Mexico: A Stakeholder Analysis Approach". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28119.

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A conservation planning protocol based on components from successful conservation projects in Mexico and other countries was developed to evaluate conservation planning practices and to serve as a template to guide future conservation planning efforts in Mexico. My research specifically explored stakeholder analysis and performance measurement as currently applied to conservation planning. Twenty-seven natural protected area (NPA) management plans and 6 plans from modified rural landscape projects (MDRL), all within Mexico, were evaluated. Additionally, 38 planning team members from 8 selected case studies were interviewed. I used the Laguna de Babicora Watershed planning process and management plan as the focus of my examination of stakeholder analysis. Seventy-four individuals who represented 5 major stakeholder categories were identified and interviewed. Examples of process-, outcome-, output-, and input-related performance measures (PMs) were developed for the Babicora project using information collected from my interviews, the existing management plan, and my conservation planning protocol. The approaches used and products generated from NPA and MDRL plans differed substantially. NPA plans often used pre-established planning guidelines dictated by the overseeing or authorizing agency. Institutional rigidity was a limiting factor to development of NPA management plans. NPA plan content suggested that planners focused more attention on inventory and strategic planning than on other planning components, yet recommended operational strategies in NPA management plans still were comprehensive. MDRL planning processes were more sensitive to local conditions, but less comprehensive than NPA plans. With MDRL plans, on-the-ground pilot projects often were initiated concurrent with inventory and strategic planning efforts. As a result, MDRL planning teams often did not complete management plans due to demands imposed by these concurrent projects. Performance measurement systems for both plan implementation and monitoring of planning processes largely were absent in all NPA and most MDRL projects. Only one MDRL case study addressed process-related performance measures. NPA and MDRL plans both suffered from poor issue identification and problem definition, offering only generic strategic statements that lacked indicators of spatial scale, geographic location, and causative agents. Management plans overall, but NPA in particular, also lacked clear links among identified problems, other key stages of the planning process, and desired or stated outcomes. Unfamiliarity with or failure to use effective diagnostic tools, coupled with a need to comply with existing planning protocols, produced management recommendations that frequently were not justified or related to identified management problems, particularly among NPA plans. MDRL case studies, which typically targeted smaller geographic areas, were not as comprehensive as NPA plans. However, MDRL case studies more often incorporated stronger participatory components. Demands from participatory processes often delayed final development of MDRL management plans. Although NPAs and MDRLs currently follow different planning processes, ultimate success in conservation management may best be served by blending complementary components from each approach. Stakeholders who participate in conservation planning fundamentally are issue specific. Current environmental literature on stakeholder methodologies endorses use of general categories. Although cross-category stakeholder analysis is useful during inventory and strategic planning, within-stakeholder analysis is necessary for successful plan implementation. My findings suggest that within-stakeholder analysis helps (1) identify problems or needs important to particular stakeholders, (2) identify stakeholders with contrasting behavior within categories, and (3) establish areas for potential collaboration. Stakeholder involvement, tailored to local conditions, should occur in all planning stages. Successful conservation planning in Mexico currently should be addressed more as a question of human organization. Suggested performance measures to help monitor and evaluate both the planning process and plan implementation were developed. Process-related PMs focused on the 4 major planning stages. Process-related PMs allow planners to analyze and reassess the direction of the planning process; they are not prescriptive, rather statements that recognize planning as a social exercise likely to face areas where trade-offs are likely to occur (e.g., problem identification, sharing decision-making, public involvement). Performance measures for plan implementation should be hierarchical, nested, and include input-, output-, and outcome-related assessment attributes.
Ph. D.

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Alqarni, Mohammed. "Developing a framework to improve the implementation of geospatial technology in the planning and delivery of infrastructure for residential areas in Saudi Arabia : a case study of Riyadh city". Thesis, Northumbria University, 2017. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/33272/.

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Over the past five decades, Riyadh, the capital city of Saudi Arabia, has witnessed many organisational, economic, social and demographic transformations, all of which have contributed to its rapid growth. This growth, which exceeded the city’s plans to meet the needs of a growing population, resulted in many neighbourhoods experiencing limited services and utilities. Along with governmental efforts to manage the spread of residential areas, several agencies accountable for providing residential services have sought to exploit the potential of geospatial technologies as a means for improving the planning, management and decision-making processes needed to address these issues. Government support has provided a major boost towards the improvement of geospatial technology usage in different areas. However, the use of these technologies in the context of residential infrastructure delivery is limited. This research investigates empirically how the implementation of geospatial technologies can be improved in the agencies concerned with the delivery of residential infrastructure, with the aim of developing strategies to enhance the exploitation of the available technologies in support of decision-making. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher carried out an extensive review of the literature, official reports and documentation, and conducted a Delphi study through three successive consultation rounds, involving a set of experts representing all concerned agencies. The results revealed that shortcomings in organisational, technical and human aspects are the primary reasons behind the limited use of geospatial technology tools in the planning process for residential infrastructure delivery. This in turn assisted in the development of consensus-based strategies for addressing these issues. The research contributes to the existing body of knowledge in the field of urban studies by offering a better understanding of how the employment of geospatial technology tools could be improved in the context of residential infrastructure delivery in rapidly growing cities in general, and the city of Riyadh in particular. It also offers a practical contribution to decision makers in the agencies concerned with residential infrastructure delivery, who work to improve the activities of these technologies to achieve the best use of their implementation. The research results are expected to help researchers to conduct further studies on the development of the use of geospatial technologies in the context of Saudi Arabia.

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34

Mamba, Malungelo Siphiwosami Njinga. "A framework to guide development through ICT in rural areas in South Africa". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007024.

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Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is widely regarded as a key tool for bringing about development to people who live in underserved areas. Technologies such as mobile phones and Wi-Fi are seen as advantageous because they can be made available to poor places without the cost of building extensive physical infrastructure. However, researchers argue that ICTs have failed to live up to their potential in the context of development. Researchers point out developing countries lack frameworks to guide them through the implementation of ICTs in this context. The objective of this study is to come up with a framework that can be used in rural areas in South Africa to implement ICT projects. The researcher interviewed individuals who have been directly involved in an ICT initiative in a rural setting in the Eastern Cape Province to learn from their experiences. The researcher also studied publications that have been produced from these initiatives in order to gain a richer understanding. The findings of the study show that participants share similar views about how ICT projects should be approached and implemented in rural areas in South Africa. The views are grouped according to similarity into themes and discussed in detail in the study. From these themes a framework that can help implement ICT projects in rural areas is developed.

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Lee, Chi-on. "Sustainable development and integrated transport planning : "Is Hong Kong moving towards a more sustainable transport system for new development areas?" /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2104238X.

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Cruz, Patrícia Maíssa Ferragoni da. "A área rural no planejamento territorial : reflexões sobre o enquadramento do rural e sobre a atuação da esfera municipal no Estado de São Paulo". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2016.

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Orientação: Prof. Dr. Ricardo de Sousa Moretti
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Planejamento e Gestão do Território, 2016.
As relações entre o campo e a cidade têm se alterado muito ao longo dos últimos anos e a definição dos responsáveis pelo planejamento territorial rural não se trata de uma tarefa simples. A presente dissertação teve como objetivo a análise da participação municipal no planejamento de áreas rurais, levando em consideração as diferentes faces que o meio rural pode assumir e ser compreendido e a competência de atuação das três esferas de governo, utilizando como estudo de caso o estado de São Paulo. Partiu-se, aqui, da hipótese que existe uma certa dificuldade de se entender e se identificar as áreas rurais no país, assim como a responsabilidade que se tem por elas, em termos de planejamento. Com base numa pesquisa bibliográfica, observou-se que o meio rural e urbano está cada vez mais interligado e o meio rural tem exercido muitas novas funções, que vão para além da produção primária. Nessa mesma linha, ao se aplicar diferentes metodologias para o Estado de São Paulo, ficou evidente a necessidade de atualização dos critérios de delimitação rural-urbana brasileira. Por fim, verificou-se que o planejamento não acompanhou esta transformação do meio rural, ficando restrito apenas para atividades agrícolas, precisando de uma reformulação e uma mais clara definição dos seus responsáveis, entre os quais se insere o município, que pode e deve ter uma ação importante no planejamento e intervenção no campo.
The relation between rural and urbanized areas has been ever-changing during recent years and the defining who is responsible for territorial planning is not an easy task. The objective of this dissertation is an analysis of the municipal participation in the rural areas planning, considering the different roles a rural area may assume and be comprehended in and, the competence of the three acting spheres of government, using the State of São Paulo as a study case. We started from the hypothesis that there is a certain difficulty in understanding and identifying rural areas in the country, as well as the responsibility over them, in terms of planning. Based on an extensive literature review and interviews, it was observed that the rural and urban areas are increasingly interconnected and the rural area has had many new functions, in addition to agronomy. On the same issue, as we apply different methodologies for the state of São Paulo in QGis, a need for updating the Brazilian rural-urban delimitation criteria is evident. It was found, in the end, that the planning did not follow the transformation of the rural areas, being restricted only to agricultural activities, requiring a redesign and better definition of responsibility. The city, in this context, became a federative entity with a potential interventional in rural areas.

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Weidenhiller, Maximilian Martin. "Development in Coastal Areas in Ronneby Kommun from 1960 to 2018 : GIS-Based Analysis of LIS Areas in Ronneby Kommun (Blekinge, Sweden) Using Orthophotos". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-18041.

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Since 2009, Swedish municipalities have the possibility of limiting the coastal protection in rural areas with the LIS-tool in order to promote countryside development there. In 2013, Ronneby Kommun pointed out 28 such areas. The goal of this thesis is to describe the development in the coastal areas in Ronneby Kommun between 1960 and 2018, with a special focus on the recent development in the designated LIS areas since 2013. A proposal for the future application of the LIS-tool in the municipality is an additional goal. For the analysis of the LIS-tool as such, the author conducted two expert interviews and compared the results with the quantitative GIS-based analysis, using orthophotos, of the building activity along the shores in Ronneby Kommun. The data shows very low building activity within the LIS areas and a generally low building activity in the municipality recently. For the further application of the LIS-tool in its present form in Ronneby Kommun, the author proposes to either combine it with other measures to increase the attractivity of the existing LIS areas such as infrastructure improvements, or to wait some more time until the pressure on the housing market increases and thereby the general building activity. The municipality can then evaluate the individual areas independently of each other and adjust them to meet the demand on the housing market. In addition, the author and the experts suggest changing the LIS-tool in order to make it more forceful, independent and regional specific. In general, the results of this thesis are regional specific on Ronneby Kommun and, therefore, this thesis can be a comparison base for other research but does not generalize.

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Ter, Horst Aukje. "An identification and analysis of the socio-economic challenges children from rural areas face in the pré-university cycle in the Mocuba District, Zambézia Province, Mozambique". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11216.

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Includes bibliographical references.
The weak performing Mozambican education system has gone through significant changes since independence in 1975. The Government’s main focus has been on increasing access and equity to overcome the high dropout rates, high grade repetition, high pupil-teacher ratios and the low number of qualified teachers. Despite this focus, access remains a large problem for the people of Mozambique. It is particularly so, as this interpretive case study research revealed, for learners from rural areas. The primary purpose of this research, therefore, was to outline the challenges learners from rural areas face in accessing what has been described as the ESG2 (Escola Secundária geral do Segunda Grãu) cycle. This research focussed on a specific school within the Zambézia province.

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Meyer, Daniel Francois. "An exploration of revitalization strategies for rural areas : the case of the Northern Free State / Daniel Francois Meyer". Thesis, North-West University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10172.

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Rural areas, globally, are characterized as poor regions, with two-thirds of the world’s poor people residing in rural areas. In South Africa, 70 percent of the poor population or 3.6 million households, live in rural areas. In the last three State of the Nation Addresses (SONA) in South Africa by President Zuma since 2011, rural development has been placed high on government’s developmental agenda. The formulation of a comprehensive rural development policy, with coordinated implementation by all spheres of government is however still lacking. This research project was undertaken to explore solutions for the revival and development of rural areas in South Africa. The northern Free State region was selected as the geographical focus area and “testing ground” for the research. Rural South Africa has been deteriorating over the last few decades mainly due to globalization and urbanization. Two specific tools to achieve accelerated rural development were identified and analysed namely, local economic development (LED) and spatial planning. The research has shown that rural development is a complicated and difficult process. It is not only about agriculture and economic development, but also about other aspects such as spatial planning, social development, the environment, politics and public management aspects. For the purpose of the research, the theoretical statement was stated as “the chronic state of underdevelopment, poverty and unemployment, especially in rural South Africa, with a specific focus on the northern Free State, can be turned around by means of the implementation of revitalization strategies, which include innovative policies and programmes of LED and spatial planning”. Rural development requires strong committed local leaders and “champions”, skills, patience and funding. The research methodology included a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the concepts relating to rural development, as well as global and local case studies. Local rural development policies were also analysed as currently being implemented by government. Primary research included a community socio-economic survey in the study area to determine levels of rural poverty, unemployment, services delivered by local government and skills. In this survey of poor rural areas and the socio-economic analysis of the northern Free State, it was found that: • close to 50% of all households were living in poverty, • 50.7% of all households lack employment, • 40% of households have an income of less than R 1 500 per month, • The average annual household income in the area relates to just less than R20 000, • The ratio between formal and informal jobs is 1: 0.25, which indicates a low level of informal job opportunities, • Most job opportunities are found in agriculture, manufacturing, community services and households. • The tourism sector only provides in 3.1% of the regional GDP. Local business chambers were also visited in order to determine their perceptions of rural development and local government as well as the level of partnerships with the various local authorities in the area. It was found that partnership formation and cooperation between local business chambers and local authorities in the region were limited, although business chambers are willing to cooperate and assist. Rural development needs a coordinated effort and partnerships between government, business and communities. The focus of the research was on the finding of possible solutions for rural development. Solutions such as a rapid rural assessment (RRA) and a strategy for the study area, which has been provided to the specific local government for implementation, have been formulated. Globally and locally no universally accepted definition of rural concepts such as rural development and rural regions exist. Definitions and classifications of rural areas were formulated for South African conditions. A major component of the research is the proposed rural development model known as the “Feza iSimangaliso” model. Pillars for rural development and best practice aspects for rural development were also formulated. Some of the main findings of the research regarding general rural development aspects are listed below: • Rural regions are slowly but surely becoming in “fashion” as popular regions again due to a number of reasons such as quality environments, the need for a sense of community and belonging and food security. • Well formulated strategic rural development strategies, which are implementable in a coordinated way, can make a positive impact. Rural areas could be seen as a viable alternative, but requires strong governance, especially at the local sphere. • The integration of spatial planning and LED could lead to accelerate rural development, especially when national policy exists and are implemented in a coordinated manner. • The creation of jobs will lead to improved quality of life. Labour intensive sectors of the economy such as tourism, agriculture including agro-processing, manufacturing and retail should be the focus of an economic strategy. • Rural development is dependent on hard and soft infrastructure provision and strong local government. • Rural development must be people centred, with the utilization of local indigenous knowledge. • Rural towns are critical for rural regional development and creation of rural-urban linkages. • The “pull factors” to rural areas include quality of life and environment, sense of belonging, unique culture and history, and a positive economic environment. Future research projects could include more detailed research on the study area and provision of assistance to the relevant local municipalities. A possible rural development matrix will be developed for the evaluation of the level of development and gaps in the development of a rural region. In conclusion, successful rural development planning must be based on strategic planning principles for implementation in order to prevent ad hoc implementation of isolated projects with limited impacts.
PhD (Public Management and Governance), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2013

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Peterson, Anna. "Farms between past and future : local perspectives for farm planning, design and the new production of landscape values /". Alnarp : Dept. of Landscape Planning, Alnarp, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200617.pdf.

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Lee, Chi-on, e 李子安. "Sustainable development and integrated transport planning: "Is Hong Kong moving towards a more sustainable transportsystem for new development areas?"". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31259959.

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Baloyi, Nyiketani Jackson. "An evaluation of the impact of community participation and multi-organisational partnerships on the implementation of sector policing in the rural areas of the Limpopo Province". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80340.

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Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sector Policing is understood to be a relatively new community-based policing approach that finds its initial mandate in the National Instruction 3 of 2009, of the South African Police Service (SAPS). This said National Instruction states that community participation and partnership policing can be promoted through Sector Policing. The mandate for the implementation of the principle of Sector Policing also flows from section 205 (3) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa. The significant part of this study is that it provoked an interest in Sector Policing, both within the SAPS and the community; and it attracted a large number of participants. The IAP2 Public Participation Model regarding community participation as discussed by Theron, Ceaser and Davids (2007:8), adapted from the International Association for Public Participation (2007) can play an important role in the implementation of Sector Policing. Sector Policing has been found to fail where there is no community participation or multi-organisational partnerships. The study focused on the Limpopo Province in order to encourage the effective implementation of Sector Policing in rural areas. The study targeted twelve (12) stations out of ninety five (95) police stations found in all the five (5) districts of the Limpopo Province in order to cover a wider policing spectrum, and ensure a representative sample. The study has found that Sector Policing could be better implemented if the project management approach can be adopted in order to carry out work in terms of timeframes, and ensure monitoring as demonstrated in Chapter 5 (Figure 5.2). The study recommended the introduction of implementation teams to oversee the implementation of Sector Policing at provincial, cluster and station levels. A quarterly multi-organisational forum has been proposed to ensure sustainable community participation. Community participation in policing is entrenched in sections 18 to 23 of the South African Police Service Act, 1995 (Act 68 of 1995), the White Paper on Safety and Security (1998) and the National Crime Prevention Strategy (1996). The most recent community participation model, especially category C (levels 7-9), which is positioned to empower the community as “the influencer, director, controller and owner” of both decision-making processes is also recommended as a vehicle for effective community participation in Sector Policing (Gwala Participation Model). Monitoring, evaluation and feedback have been identified as effective tools to ensure the effective implementation of Sector Policing, which is currently lacking.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sektorpolisiëring blyk ‘n relatief nuwe gemeenskapsgebaseerde polisiebenadering te wees wat sy aanvanklike mandaat in Nasionale Instruksie 3 van 2009 van die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens (SAPD) vind. Die vermelde nasionale instruksie stel dit duidelik dat gemeenskapsdeelname en vennootskapspolisiëring deur Sektorpolisiëring bevorder kan word. Die mandaat vir die implementering van die beginsel van Sektorpolisiëring spruit ook uit onderafdeling 205 (3) van die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika (1996). Die beduidende deel van hierdie studie is dat dit belangstelling in Sektorpolisiëring ontlok het, beide binne die SAPD en die gemeenskap, en dit het ook ‘n groot aantal deelnemers gelok. Die IAP2 openbare deelnamemodel met betrekking tot gemeenskapsdeelname, soos bespreek deur Theron, Ceaser en Davids (2007:8), wat van die Internasionale Vereniging rakende Openbare Deelname (2006) aangepas is, kan ‘n belangrike rol vertolk in die implementering van Sektorpolisiëring. Daar is bevind dat Sektorpolisiëring ‘n mislukking blyk te wees wanneer gemeenskapsdeelname of multi-organisatoriese vennootskappe afwesig is. Die studie is gerig op die Limpopo Provinsie ten einde die doeltreffende implementering van Sektorpolisiëring in plattelandse gebiede aan te moedig. Die studie het gesentreer op twaalf (12) polisiestasies uit die vyf en negentig (95) wat in die vyf (5) distrikte van die Limpopo Provinsie bestaan ten einde ‘n breër polisiëringspektrum te dek en om ‘n verteenwoordigende monster te verseker. Die studie het bevind dat Sektorpolisiëring beter geïmplementeer sou kon word indien die projekbestuurbenadering toegepas word, so dat werk in terme van tydsraamwerke uitgevoer kan word, en monitering te kan verseker soos in Hoofstuk 5 (Figuur 5.2) gedemonstreer is. Die studie het die aanbeveling gedoen dat implementeringspanne ingestel word om toesig te hou oor die implementering van Sektorpolisiëring op provinsiale, groep- en stasievlak. ‘n Kwartaallikse multi-organisatoriese forum is voorgestel om volhoubare gemeenskapsdeelname te verseker. Gemeenskapsdeelname in polisiëring is verskans in onderafdelings 18 tot 23 van die Suid Afrikaanse Polisiedienswet, 1995 (Wet 68 van 1995), die Witskrif oor Veiligheid en Sekuriteit (1998) en die Nasionale Misdaadvoorkomingstrategie (1996). Die mees onlangse gemeenskapsdeelnamemodel, veral kategorie C (vlakke 7-9 ) wat geposisioneer is om die gemeenskap te bemagtig as “die beinvloeder, direkteur, beheerder en eienaar” van besluitnemingsprosesse, word ook as ‘n middel vir doeltreffende deelname aan Sektorpolisiering aanbeveel (Gwala deelnamemodel). Monitering, evaluering en terugvoer is geidentifiseer as doeltreffende wyses om die effektiewe implementering van Sektorpolisiering te verseker, en dat dit juis die` is wat op die’ oomblik ontbreek.

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Sandia, Rondón Luis Alfonso [Verfasser]. "Sustainable environmental planning in Venezuelan rural areas, concept and methodology : cases of study - Rivas Dávila Municipality (Mérida State) and Quíbor Valley (Lara State), Venezuela / Luis Alfonso Sandia Rondón". Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1023579960/34.

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Cortez, Rosa Maria Rodrigues da Silva e. Sousa Gómez. "Desenvolvimento urbano-o (re)uso da cidade". Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto, 1999. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29081.

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Vaz, Pedro Nunes de Brito Serra. "R.G.E.U. - medidas da felicidade?-reflexões para uma alternativa sustentável". Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UTL-Universidade Técnica de Lisboa -- -Faculdade de Arquitectura, 2001. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29504.

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Gonçalves, António José Costa Alves. "O recreio e lazer na reabilitação urbana - Almada Velha". Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UNL-Universidade Nova de Lisboa -- FCSH-Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, 2000. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29498.

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Madureira, Helena 1974. "Processos de transformação da estrutura verde no Porto". Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Arquitectura, 2000. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29289.

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Dutra, Carina Amorim. "O poder simbólico das representações sociais: territorialidades conflitivas nas relações homem e natureza no distrito de Lavras Novas-MG". Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2012. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4177.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:33:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1470052 bytes, checksum: c36a75542c88cbbd9c76df344a41d626 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-26
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The presence of non-agricultural economic activities impacted the new rural Brazil. Tourism in particular has become more important, and its unmanaged exploitation were the cause of various environmental, social and cultural impacts. Tourism as a public policy, should have released the tensions produced by the current system of economic development, however, paradoxically, the activity has intensified social strife. The landscape at the origin of our research was the region of Lavras Novas - MG, which is inserted into the path of the Estrada Real, regionalization of a national public policy whose goal is to position Brazil among the important places for tourism in the world. The region of Lavras Novas is constantly changing due to the intensification of exploration of this activity in the last twenty years. "Neo-rural" groups coming from the cities are moving to the region to live from the tourism or sometimes only in search of the peace and tranquility offered by small villages. Through the Theory of Social Representations, we try to understand the different conceptions of the environment at stake in the social field of tourism, and investigate whether there are potential environmental conflicts between the actors involved in this activity. The field research took place between October and December 2011, when we conducted the surveys. The semi-structured interviews that we used as a method of data collection indicated the existence of tensions between the different social groups. It appeared clearly that the local population was globally satisfied with the progress made concerning the infrastructures. However, they also listed various problems that arose from the unmanaged development of the activity, including the contamination of water resources by sewage. The potential for environmental conflicts is also manifest in the loss of autonomy in decision making by the natives in favour of the group of entrepreneurs "from outside" who make the decisions for them. These neo-rural groups are endowed with a differentiated cultural, social and economic capital, which allows them to occupy a privileged position in the social structure of the field and thus dictate the rules and prevailing social representations. Important socio-cultural differences organize the forms of appropriation of natural resources represented by proposals for exploration diverging from those that are within reach of the local population. We noticed that another area of conflict is in the discrepancy between the groups of social imaginaries about the perception of the xii region. The configuration of territoriality resulting from these different views have moved the groups in the region in search of hegemony by the dominant social representations. The State is also involved in the social field with its expectations and responsibilities in terms of public policy, and as a mediator for the conflicts. Its positioning sometimes comes as an aggravating factor for tensions. So what we find is that there are several interests surrounding the countryside in Lavras Novas, confronting expectations and lifestyles of different social groups that do not always coexist peacefully.
A presença de atividades econômicas não agrícolas marcam o novo rural brasileiro. Entre elas ganha espaço o turismo, cuja exploração desordenada tem causado ao campo impactos ambientais, sociais e culturais diversos. O turismo enquanto política pública teria como foco amenizar as tensões produzidas pelo atual sistema de desenvolvimento econômico, entretanto, paradoxalmente, a atividade vem intensificando contendas sociais. A paisagem que deu origem a nossa pesquisa foi o distrito de Lavras Novas MG, o qual se encontra inserido no percurso da Estrada Real, regionalização de uma política pública nacional a qual tem como objetivo colocar o Brasil entre os espaços mundiais de turismo. O distrito de Lavras Novas está em constante transformação devido à intensificação da exploração da atividade nos últimos vinte anos. Grupos neo-rurais de origem urbana se dirigem para o distrito para a exploração econômica do turismo ou mesmo em busca de paz e tranqüilidade oferecidas pelos pequenos vilarejos. Por meio da Teoria das Representações Sociais, buscamos compreender as concepções distintas de meio ambiente em jogo no campo social do turismo, procurando investigar se existem potenciais de conflitos ambientais entre os atores envolvidos com a exploração da atividade. A pesquisa de campo ocorreu entre os meses de outubro e dezembro de 2011, quando realizamos os levantamentos. Como método de coleta de dados lançamos mão de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, as quais apontaram a existência de tensões diversas entre os grupos sociais. Ficou claro que a população local está satisfeita com os ganhos em infra-estrutura. Porém, enumera os vários problemas surgidos do desenvolvimento desordenado da atividade, dentre eles a contaminação de cursos hídricos por esgoto sanitário. O potencial de conflitos ambientais evidencia-se ainda na perda da autonomia nas decisões por parte dos nativos para o grupo de empresários de fora que tomam para si as determinações. Esses grupos neo-rurais são dotados de capital cultural, social e econômico diferenciados o que lhes permite ocupar uma posição privilegiada na estrutura social do campo e assim, ditar as regras e as representações sociais imperantes. Diferenças sócioculturais marcantes organizam as formas de apropriação dos recursos naturais representadas por propostas de exploração divergentes daquelas que estão ao alcance da população local. Percebemos que mais um foco de conflito está na discrepância dos imaginários sociais quanto à imagem assumida pelo distrito entre os grupos. A configuração de territorialidades resultantes das visões de mundo tem movimentado os grupos no distrito em busca da hegemonia pelas representações sociais dominantes. No campo social existe ainda a posição do Estado com suas expectativas e responsabilidades quanto à política pública e enquanto mediador do conflito. O posicionamento do Estado frente às contendas é, por vezes, um agravante para as tensões. Portanto, o que verificamos é que são diversos os interesses envolvendo a paisagem rural em Lavras Novas, confrontando anseios e modos de vida de grupos sociais diversos o que nem sempre coexiste de forma pacífica.

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Meza, Estrada Carmen Elena. "Estrategias para el desarrollo rural del Área Metropolitana de la Ciudad de Barranquilla. Un Modelo Articulador entre el Ordenamiento Físico y la Gestión Pública Territorial". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/462207.

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Abstract (sommario):

A partir del estudio de las teorías y los modelos que explican la formación, desarrollo y transformación de las estructuras territoriales se definen las tipologías de nivel metropolitano, contextualizando sobre el análisis del Área Metropolitana de Barranquilla (AMB), y su comportamiento dentro del sistema. A través del análisis documental, normativo, de la interpretación de imágenes satelitales y datos, se hace énfasis en demostrar la poca correlación existente entre el modelo de ordenamiento metropolitano actual, las tendencias de crecimiento, la transformación de la estructura y los marcos normativos que rigen su desarrollo; identificando conflictos de suelo, incompatibilidades de usos, incoherencia de los límites en la clasificación de suelos, crecimientos disperso, expansión incontrolada; siendo éstas dinámicas que impactan las periferias rurales en un contexto metropolitano. El interés de la investigación surge a partir del conocimiento empírico de la zona de estudio y la observación sobre el proceso de cambio que ha venido dándose desde su aprobación como un área metropolitana. En Colombia la construcción de normas y leyes que tienen como objetivo regular el ordenamiento territorial en todas las escalas, han sido formuladas con la visión de reglamentar los usos del suelo, los modelos de crecimiento y la ocupación esencialmente de las áreas urbanas. No obstante, se ha obviado la necesidad de postular marcos de regulación con alcance para el ordenamiento de las zonas rurales, generando a nivel municipal diversidad de criterios sobre su ocupación y uso. Cabe resaltar la escasez de información de tipo cuantitativo para el análisis de estructuras tan complejas por su tamaño y la carencia de métodos locales de análisis e investigaciones científicas para resolver estos problemas. Los estudios sobre la interpretación de tipologías que faciliten propuestas de ordenamiento equilibrado en las estructuras metropolitanas en Colombia son pocos y tienden a ser de tipo cualitativo, con vacíos en cuanto a información actualizada y datos para un modelamiento prospectivo que racionalice funciones, competencias, relaciones y jerarquías intermunicipales que faciliten desarrollar instrumentos en la toma de decisiones. El aporte que se ofrece con esta investigación ante el escenario encontrado consiste en: definir un método de interpretación del fenómeno metropolitano en Colombia, identificar la tipología de la estructura metropolitana de Barranquilla, suministrar datos e información actualizada, ofrecer aportes y lineamientos para concretar un modelo de gobernanza y ordenamiento que sea coherente con las dinámicas reales territoriales en su relación urbano rural identificadas.
From the study of theories and models that explain the formation, development and transformation of territorial structures, the typologies of metropolitan level are defined, contextualizing on the analysis of the Metropolitan Area of Barranquilla (MAB), and its behavior within the system. Through the documentary, normative analysis of the interpretation of satellite images and data, emphasis is placed on demonstrating the poor correlation between the current metropolitan model, growth trends, structure transformation and regulatory frameworks that govern Their development; Identifying soil conflicts, incompatibilities of uses, incoherence of boundaries in the classification of soils, dispersed growths, uncontrolled expansión; Being these dynamics that impact the rural peripheries in a metropolitan context. The interest of the research arises from the empirical knowledge of the area of study and the observation about the process of change that has been taking place since its approval as a metropolitan area. In Colombia, the construction of norms and laws that aim to regulate land management at all scales have been formulated with the vision of regulating land uses, growth models and the occupation of urban areas. However, the need to postulate regulatory frameworks with scope for the management of rural areas has been obviated, generating at municipal level a diversity of criteria regarding their occupation and use. It is worth noting the lack of quantitative information for the analysis of structures so complex because of their size and the lack of local methods of analysis and scientific research to solve these problems. The studies on the interpretation of typologies that facilitate proposals of balanced ordering in the metropolitan structures in Colombia are few and tend to be of qualitative type, with gaps in updated information and data for a prospective modeling that rationalizes functions, Inter-municipal hierarchies that facilitate the development of instruments in decision-making. The contribution of this research to the scenario found is: to define a method of interpretation of the metropolitan phenomenon in Colombia, to identify the typology of the metropolitan structure of Barranquilla, to provide updated data and information, to provide inputs and guidelines for modeling of governance and order that is consistent with the real territorial dynamics in their rural urban relationship identified.

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Tin?co, Leonardo Bezerra de Melo. "?reas de transi??o rural e urbana em S?o Gon?alo do Amarante : elementos para delimita??o no planejamento territorial". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12333.

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Abstract (sommario):

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Investiga as especificidades das ?reas de Transi??o Rural e Urbana em suas rela??es com o planejamento territorial e urbano. Analisa as ?reas de Transi??o Rural e Urbana no munic?pio de S?o Gon?alo do Amarante, estado do Rio Grande do Norte, com vistas a identificar elementos que contribuam para uma melhor delimita??o dessas ?reas no planejamento territorial e urbano, especialmente no Plano Diretor dos munic?pios. S?o quest?es principais de pesquisa: a) como realizar uma an?lise do espa?o municipal explicitando-se as caracter?sticas e especificidades dos espa?os com din?mica urbana, com din?mica de transi??o rural e urbana e com din?micas rurais? b) Como superar as dificuldades de identifica??o, caracteriza??o e delimita??o das ?reas de Transi??o Rural e Urbana no processo de planejamento, regula??o e gest?o do territ?rio? Para responder a essas quest?es a pesquisa focaliza os espa?os aqui designados como ?reas de Transi??o Rural e Urbana (ATRU s) em sua rela??o com os par?metros da pol?tica territorial e urbana. A an?lise fundamenta-se na vis?o de autores como Milton Santos e Bertha Becker. Dentre as principais conclus?es, identificou-se a relev?ncia em se associar as din?micas s?cio-econ?micas, hist?ricas, pol?ticas e culturais ?s configura??es das ATRU s, analisando tamb?m os seus aspectos demogr?ficos e formais no territ?rio como estrat?gia metodol?gica de reconhecimento e delimita??o dessas ?reas. Verificou-se que as ATRU s ocorrem em din?micas distintas onde a transi??o se d? em gradientes de urbaniza??o ou de dinamiza??o da atividade agr?cola. Sobretudo, constatou-se que as ATRU s n?o se configuram necessariamente em ?reas cont?guas ao espa?o urbano, mas sua ocorr?ncia verifica-se tamb?m de forma isolada e dispersa no espa?o municipal, o que as diferenciam das tradicionais zonas de expans?o urbana

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