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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Rugby football"

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Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 3 marzo 2023

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1

Dietzen, Charles J., e Brian R. Topping. "Rugby Football". Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 10, n. 1 (febbraio 1999): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1047-9651(18)30221-3.

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Paget, Liam D. A., Haruhito Aoki, Simon Kemp, Mike Lambert, Clint Readhead, Keith A. Stokes, Wayne Viljoen et al. "Ankle osteoarthritis and its association with severe ankle injuries, ankle surgeries and health-related quality of life in recently retired professional male football and rugby players: a cross-sectional observational study". BMJ Open 10, n. 6 (giugno 2020): e036775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-036775.

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ObjectivesTo determine (1) the prevalence of ankle osteoarthritis (OA) among former professional football and rugby players, (2) assess the association between ankle injuries or ankle surgeries with ankle OA, and (3) compare the mental and physical quality of life (QoL) between former professional football and rugby players with and without OA.MethodsWe conducted a questionnaire-based observational study with a cross-sectional design. Former professional football and rugby players were recruited by the Football Players Worldwide and the International Rugby Players. Information concerning ankle OA, sustained ankle injuries and ankle surgeries was gathered (medical record or most recent medical professional). Health-related QoL was assessed using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) physical and mental health scores.ResultsOverall, 553 former professional football (n=401) and rugby (n=152) players were enrolled in the study (response rate of 56%). Ankle OA prevalence among former professional football and rugby players was 9.2% and 4.6%, respectively. Football players were more likely to suffer from ankle OA following every ankle injury and/or surgery. Football and rugby players with ankle OA had similar PROMIS physical and mental health scores to the norm for the general population.ConclusionFormer professional football and rugby players had higher ankle OA prevalence than the general population (3.4%). Football players are more likely to suffer from ankle OA following every ankle injury and/or surgery. No clinically relevant difference was seen for physical or mental health-related QoL among football and rugby players. Preventive measures for ankle injuries are recommended.

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Garrett, William, e Suzanne Konz. "A Comparison of Football and Rugby Tackling During Spring Ball". Neurology 93, n. 14 Supplement 1 (30 settembre 2019): S5.2—S5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000580872.25855.25.

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ObjectiveThe study examined the effects tackling style has on forces translated to the brain in football and rugby.BackgroundTackling is linked to concussion due to high or repetitive impact forces. A small number of NFL teams are incorporating the rugby tackle mechanics due to keeping the head out of the way. Rugby style tackle use is increasing in football.Design/MethodsA convenient sample of 30 male football and rugby participants from two universities participated in this observational study. 20 football participants (20 ± 1.61 YO, 71.63 ± 2.71 in, 210.84 ± 45.52 lbs.) had impact sensors placed in the helmet (CUE™ Sports Sensor, Athlete Intelligence, Kirkland, WA) and 10 rugby participants (20.22 ± 3.31 YO, 70.78 ± 2.11 in, 211.78 ± 40.62 lbs.) were fitted with an instrumented mouthguard (VECTOR™ Sports Sensor, Athlete Intelligence, Kirkland, WA) during their respective spring seasons. Participants practiced without intervention. Devices were returned to researchers after activity, and the data was uploaded. Welch’s ANOVA with a Games-Howell post-hoc analyzed the data with significance set at 0.05.ResultsFootball participants tallied 3921 impacts over the course of 12 practices, compared to 1868 impacts over 9 practices received by rugby participants. Welch’s ANOVA determined that there is a difference in the frequency of impacts between football and rugby participants (Welch’s F (1, 4119.84) = 29.41, p < 0.001). Football participants encountered linear impacts at 62.95 ± 36.57g. Rugby participants sustained impacts 20.59 ± 15.79g. The Welch’s ANOVA determined a difference in impact force between the football and rugby participants exists (Welch’s F (1, 5741.884) = 3780.385, p < 0.001).ConclusionsImpact frequency appears to be lower in rugby athletes than football athletes during spring ball. Also, the average impact force appears to be less in rugby athletes. The use of a rugby-style tackle generated lower impact forces in athletes when contact occurs.

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Pasarello, Clerice, e Sabaté Sentís. "The origins of rugby in Catalonia". Fizicko vaspitanje i sport kroz vekove 8, n. 2 (2021): 42–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/spes2102042p.

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Catalan rugby reached the high point of its young and successful history when became one of the founding nations of the International Amateur Rugby Federation (FIRA) and started competing at international level as an autonomous rugby nation. Towards the end 1921 rugby settled in Catalonia penetrating through sports such as football, athletics, boxing and swimming and owing much to French expatriates residing in Barcelona or Catalan citizens who had lived in France. In 1923 the Catalan Football Rugby Union was created due to the aroused need for organized competitions. With this institutionalisation and organisational structure began a flourishing period for the clubs, culminating in 1929 at the Barcelona International Exhibition where rugby was played in front of 60.000 spectators. In spite of this achievement, rugby remained a minority sport with restricted geographical appeal, with a group faithful and loyal followers.

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5

Sparks, J. P. "Rugby football injuries, 1980-1983." British Journal of Sports Medicine 19, n. 2 (1 giugno 1985): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.19.2.71.

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Garraway, W. M., e D. A. D. Macleod. "Epidemiology of rugby football injuries". Lancet 345, n. 8963 (giugno 1995): 1485–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(95)91040-9.

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Macleod, D. A. D., e J. R. Silver. "Epidemiology of rugby football injuries". Lancet 346, n. 8982 (ottobre 1995): 1107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(95)91784-5.

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8

Puren, MS, JG Barnard e PL Viviers. "Nature and proportion of total injuries at the Stellenbosch Rugby Football Club: a comparason of the years 1973 1975 with 2003 -2005". South African Journal of Sports Medicine 19, n. 5 (5 dicembre 2007): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2007/v19i5a254.

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Objective. The purpose of this study was to compare the nature and proportion of total injuries occurring at Stellenbosch Rugby Football Club in Stellenbosch, South Africa, between the years 1973 - 1975 and 2003 - 2005. Design. Retrospective, descriptive study. Main outcome measures. Injured rugby players from the Stellenbosch Rugby Football Club from the different time periods were included in the study. Results from the 1973 - 1975 time period were obtained from two previously published articles (Roy, 1974; Van Heerden, 1976), while data from the 2003 - 2005 time period were available through the Stellenbosch University Rugby Injury Database. Results. An increase in the proportion of head and facial injuries from 1973 - 1975 (21%) to 2003 - 2005 (42%) was found as well as a doubling in the proportion of concussions between the two time periods (12% - 23%). There was an overall decrease in total injuries between the two time periods. Conclusion. The findings highlight the high and increased proportion of head and facial injuries in the game of rugby at the Stellenbosch Rugby Football Club. This is a matter that should be further investigated. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 19 (5) 2007: pp. 125-128

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9

Clarke, Neil, e Mark Noon. "Editorial: Fatigue and Recovery in Football". Sports 7, n. 8 (13 agosto 2019): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports7080192.

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The football codes (soccer, American football, Australian rules football, rugby league, and union and Gaelic football) are intermittent team sports with bouts of high-intensity activity interspersed with low-intensity activities or rest [...]

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Anderson, David Stewart, John Cathcart, Iseult Wilson, Julie Hides, Felix Leung e Daniel Kerr. "Lower limb MSK injuries among school-aged rugby and football players: a systematic review". BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 6, n. 1 (ottobre 2020): e000806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000806.

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ObjectiveThe objective of this systematic review was to explore the incidence of lower limb musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries sustained by rugby union, rugby league, soccer, Australian Rules and Gaelic football players under 18 years. The review sought to identify the mechanisms and types of injury sustained and to compare between sports.DesignThis systematic review focused on the incidence of lower limb injury in adolescent team sports that involved running and kicking a ball. A literature search of studies published prior to January 2020 was conducted using SportDiscus, Medline and PubMed databases. The Standard Quality Assessment Criteria appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of each article included in the review. Two or more authors independently reviewed all papers.ResultsSixteen papers met the inclusion criteria; prospective cohort (N=14), retrospective (n=1) and longitudinal (n=1). These studies investigated injuries in rugby union and rugby league (n=10), football (soccer) (n=3), Australian Rules (n=2) and Gaelic football (n=1). There were a total of 55 882 participants, aged 7–19 years old, who reported 6525 injuries. The type, site and mechanisms of injury differed across sports.SummaryLower limb injuries were common in adolescent rugby, soccer, Gaelic football and Australian Rules football players, however these studies may not fully reflect the true injury burden where recurrent and overuse injuries have not been considered. There were differences between sports in the mechanisms, types and severity of injury.

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King, Doug, Patria A. Hume, Natalie Hardaker, Cloe Cummins, Conor Gissane e Trevor Clark. "Sports-related injuries in New Zealand: National Insurance (Accident Compensation Corporation) claims for five sporting codes from 2012 to 2016". British Journal of Sports Medicine 53, n. 16 (12 marzo 2018): 1026–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098533.

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ObjectivesTo provide epidemiological data and related costs for sport-related injuries of five sporting codes (cricket, netball, rugby league, rugby union and football) in New Zealand for moderate-to-serious and serious injury claims.MethodsA retrospective analytical review using detailed descriptive epidemiological data obtained from the Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) for 2012–2016.ResultsOver the 5 years of study data, rugby union recorded the most moderate-to-serious injury entitlement claims (25 226) and costs (New Zealand dollars (NZD$)267 359 440 (£139 084 749)) resulting in the highest mean cost (NZD$10 484 (£5454)) per moderate-to-serious injury entitlement claim. Rugby union recorded more serious injury entitlement claims (n=454) than cricket (t(4)=−66.6; P<0.0001); netball (t(4)=−45.1; P<0.0001); rugby league (t(4)=−61.4; P<0.0001) and football (t(4)=66.6; P<0.0001) for 2012–2016. There was a twofold increase in the number of female moderate-to-serious injury entitlement claims for football (RR 2.6 (95%CI 2.2 to 2.9); P<0.0001) compared with cricket, and a threefold increase when compared with rugby union (risk ratio (RR) 3.1 (95%CI 2.9 to 3.3); P<0.0001). Moderate-to-serious concussion claims increased between 2012 and 2016 for netball (RR 3.7 (95%CI 1.9 to 7.1); P<0.0001), rugby union (RR 2.0 (95% CI 1.6 to 2.4); P<0.0001) and football (RR 2.3 (95%CI 1.6 to 3.2); P<0.0001). Nearly a quarter of moderate-to-serious entitlement claims (23%) and costs (24%) were to participants aged 35 years or older.ConclusionsRugby union and rugby league have the highest total number and costs associated with injury. Accurate sport exposure data are needed to enable injury risk calculations.

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Menon, Dilip. "An Ordinary Country". Journal of Asian Studies 69, n. 3 (agosto 2010): 687–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002191181000207x.

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South Africans see themselves as a nation that loves sport, but with the World Cup in football imminent, there appears to be a sense of exhaustion both in the media and among the population. One important reason is that football does not dominate the public imagination of sport, as cricket and rugby do. The game is played and loved in the black townships, the fortunes of African football-playing nations are followed devotedly, and players such as Didier Drogba have a larger-than-life standing in the country. But football has not become a metaphor for the nation, as rugby and cricket have become. Whether this reflects a racial affiliation alone is hard to get at, because the local team, Bafana (which could be genially translated as “the boys”), are eighty-eighth in the FIFA rankings, without a ghost of a chance of winning the Cup, while at rugby and cricket, South Africa are world beaters.

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Savdie, Elliott, Harry Prevedoros, Ashley Irish, Christopher Vickers, Alan Concannon, Paul Darveniza e John R. Sutton. "Heat stroke following Rugby League football". Medical Journal of Australia 155, n. 9 (novembre 1991): 636–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1991.tb93937.x.

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Noakes, Timothy. "Spinal Injuries in Professional Rugby Football". Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 17, n. 6 (novembre 2007): 515–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jsm.0000299224.36903.f1.

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Elzinga, Kate E., e Kevin C. Chung. "Finger Injuries in Football and Rugby". Hand Clinics 33, n. 1 (febbraio 2017): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hcl.2016.08.007.

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Dauncey, H. "French Rugby Football: A Cultural History". French History 16, n. 1 (1 marzo 2002): 108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fh/16.1.108.

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Haggie, Maryanne. "The Judicial Disciplinary Procedures of the New Zealand Rugby Football Union". Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 29, n. 2 (1 aprile 1999): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v29i2.6036.

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This article examines the model established by the New Zealand Rugby Football Union Inc (NZRFU) to deal with acts of violence on the rugby field. The interface between sport and the law becomes relevant when society perceives sportsfield violence as going beyond acceptable boundaries. Identifying where these boundaries lie is problematic given the traditional reluctance of both sports administrators and the courts to invoke criminal sanctions for violence in sport. Part II examines violence in rugby, the limits to the consent defence, New Zealand case law on rugby violence and the likelihood of increased court action. It looks at the debate surrounding the appropriateness of internal disciplinary tribunals for sportsfield violence, and explores the criteria sports organisations must meet to avoid criminal prosecution of their players or judicial review of their internal disciplinary decisions. Part III outlines the establishment of NZRFU procedures to deal with violence in rugby and how they operate at local, national and international levels. In Part IV, the main features of the NZRFU's judicial disciplinary procedures are reviewed. It concludes that the NZRFU has created an effective and fair set of disciplinary rules to deal with violence in rugby, which has been extended to international competitions. However, there are some problems in its application. It will be suggested that changes could be made to the NZRFU's internal disciplinary procedures to improve consistency and independence and ultimately demonstrate to the rugby community, the courts and the public that violence in rugby is decreasing.

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Moraru, Cristina Elena. "Fatigue index of female athletes in relation with body mass index". New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 3, n. 1 (28 giugno 2017): 463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v3i1.1806.

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Intense physical efforts performed at maximal or near-maximal speeds are important for successful of team-sport performance. The aim of our paper is to find out if are any differences between female football players and female 7th rugby players in relation with their body mass index. 26 female athletes (rugby N=12; football N=14), with a mean age 20.56Â±3.31 years participated in this study. Certain anthropometric measurements as height and weight and Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test for anaerobic performance were conducted. On the base of measurements we found out the fatigue index.Statistical analyses relieved no statistical differences for fatigue index between groups, and Pearson moment revealed a higher correlation between fatigue index and anthropometrics (height and weight). In conclusion, fatigue index depends on specific sports (team, individual), gender and not in the end on height and weight.Keywords: Football,rugby 7th; female, fatigue, height, weight.

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Horton, Peter. "Football, identity, place: The emergence of Rugby football in Brisbane". International Journal of the History of Sport 23, n. 8 (dicembre 2006): 1341–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523360600922279.

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Chilibeck, Philip D., Charlene Magnus e Matthew Anderson. "Effect of in-season creatine supplementation on body composition and performance in rugby union football players". Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 32, n. 6 (dicembre 2007): 1052–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h07-072.

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Rugby union football requires muscular strength and endurance, as well as aerobic endurance. Creatine supplementation may enhance muscular performance, but it is unclear if it would interfere with aerobic endurance during running because of increased body mass. The purpose of this study was to determine if creatine supplementation during 8 weeks of a season of rugby union football can increase muscular performance, without negatively affecting aerobic endurance. Rugby union football players were randomized to receive 0.1 g·kg–1·d–1 creatine monohydrate (n = 9) or placebo (n = 9) during 8 weeks of the rugby season. Players practiced twice per week for approximately 2 h per session and played one 80 min game per week. Before and after the 8 weeks, players were measured for body composition (air displacement plethysmography), muscular endurance (number of repetitions at 75% of one repetition maximum (1 RM) for bench press and leg press), and aerobic endurance (Leger shuttle-run test with 1 min stages of progressively increasing speed). There were time main effects for body mass (–0.7 ± 0.4 kg; p = 0.05), fat mass (–1.9 ± 0.8 kg; p < 0.05), and a trend for an increase in lean tissue mass (+1.2 ± 0.5 kg; p = 0.07), with no differences between groups. The group receiving creatine supplementation had a greater increase in the number of repetitions for combined bench press and leg press tests compared with the placebo group (+5.8 ± 1.4 vs. +0.9 ± 2.0 repetitions; p < 0.05). There were no changes in either group for aerobic endurance. Creatine supplementation during a rugby union football season is effective for increasing muscular endurance, but has no effect on body composition or aerobic endurance.

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SHEWRING, D. J., e M. H. MATTHEWSON. "Injuries to the Hand in Rugby Union Football". Journal of Hand Surgery 18, n. 1 (febbraio 1993): 122–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-7681(93)90210-7.

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Hand injuries are a common consequence of playing rugby. A prospective study of all rugby injuries referred to a hand clinic over the course of one season was carried out. 72 patients with such injuries were seen. There were 46 fractures and 26 soft tissue injuries. A substantial number were caused deliberately by opponents. One-third of the injuries were thought to be preventable.

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Sheard, K. G. "‘Breakers ahead!’ professionalization and rugby union football: lessons from Rugby League". International Journal of the History of Sport 14, n. 1 (aprile 1997): 116–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523369708713968.

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Farah, Ghassan J., Brendon C. Mitchell, Matthew R. Schmitz, James D. Bomar e Eric Edmonds. "Injury Patterns in Rugby Union—America’s Fastest Growing Sport". Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America 4, n. 1 (29 gennaio 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55275/jposna-2022-0019.

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Rugby union is the fastest growing sport in the USA, and its growth is only expected to continue to climb with the approaching 2023 Rugby World Cup. Rugby union carries risk for general and sport-specific injury. Tackles and high-impact collisions are a regular component of the game, and although often compared to American football, rugby union carries a unique pattern of injuries, with certain injuries occurring at a significantly higher rate. This review is aimed at familiarizing our orthopaedic workforce to the sport of rugby union and the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of the rugby union athlete. Injury prevention strategies guided by epidemiology, risk factors, and mechanisms of injury in rugby union athletes are critical.

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Journet, Nicolas. "Le bon rugby et le mauvais football". Sciences Humaines N°186, n. 10 (1 ottobre 2007): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sh.186.0042.

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Webb, J. "Rugby football and anterior cruciate ligament injury". British Journal of Sports Medicine 32, n. 1 (1 marzo 1998): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.32.1.2.

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Gabbett, Tim J. "Science of rugby league football: A review". Journal of Sports Sciences 23, n. 9 (settembre 2005): 961–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640410400023381.

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Dexter, William W. "BILATERAL CHRONIC LOWER LEG PAIN???RUGBY FOOTBALL". Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 24, Supplement (maggio 1992): S119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199205001-00714.

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NAKASHIMA, Kenji, Takashi TODA, Hayato YAMAMOTO e Takayuki KAWASAKI. "Wearable Sensor Measurement in the Rugby Football". Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 119, n. 1172 (2016): 402–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.119.1172_402.

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Gissane, C., D. C. Jennings e P. Standing. "Incidence of Injury in Rugby League Football". Physiotherapy 79, n. 5 (maggio 1993): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(10)62090-1.

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Tietjens, BR. "Return to rugby football following ACL reconstruction". Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 2, n. 1 (marzo 1999): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1440-2440(99)80074-7.

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Turpin, Colin. "Race Relations, Rugby Football and the Law". Cambridge Law Journal 44, n. 3 (novembre 1985): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300114710.

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COLLINS, TONY. "ENGLISH RUGBY UNION AND THE FIRST WORLD WAR". Historical Journal 45, n. 4 (dicembre 2002): 797–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x02002686.

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The idea that war was a football match writ large was commonly expressed in Britain during the First World War. This article looks at the attitudes and actions of the English Rugby Football Union and its supporters before, during, and after the First World War to examine how such beliefs were utilized by sports organizations and the impact they had on the military and on society as a whole. Rugby union football was viewed both by its supporters and general observers alike as the most enthusiastic and committed sporting supporter of the war effort; the article explores rugby's overtly ideological stance as a means of shedding light on broader discussions about the cultural impact of the war, such as in the works of Paul Fussell and Jay Winter, and about the continued survival of traditional and Edwardian ideas of patriotism among the English middle classes in the immediate post-war period.

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Venables, M. "SportsTech: Rugby. Green, green grass of home [football/rugby stadium artificial pitch]". Engineering & Technology 8, n. 2 (1 marzo 2013): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2013.0215.

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Owens, Rob Elliott. "“This Rugby Spellbound People”: Rugby Football in Nineteenth-Century Cardiff and Wales". Journal of Sport History 40, n. 1 (1 aprile 2013): 188–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.40.1.188.

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Balasekaran, Govindasamy, Peggy Boey e Cheo Yew. "Beginnings and development of rugby in Singapore". Fizicko vaspitanje i sport kroz vekove 8, n. 2 (2021): 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/spes2102084b.

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In those early days, some sports were played as a variation of another. Rugby was one of the sports which was played as a variation of football. Codification of rugby rules took place only in the middle 1800 century and hence, participants of rugby games were a mixture of players from other sports such as tennis and cricket. Also, there was no formal rugby association or players with Singapore representation. The players that played for Singapore were members of the SCC and employees of the BEIC. Back then, they competed in tournaments against the Malayan states and other teams.

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King, Doug A., Patria A. Hume, Conor Gissane e Trevor N. Clark. "Similar head impact acceleration measured using instrumented ear patches in a junior rugby union team during matches in comparison with other sports". Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 18, n. 1 (luglio 2016): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.12.peds15605.

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OBJECTIVE Direct impact with the head and the inertial loading of the head have been postulated as major mechanisms of head-related injuries, such as concussion. METHODS This descriptive observational study was conducted to quantify the head impact acceleration characteristics in under-9-year-old junior rugby union players in New Zealand. The impact magnitude, frequency, and location were collected with a wireless head impact sensor that was worn by 14 junior rugby players who participated in 4 matches. RESULTS A total of 721 impacts > 10g were recorded. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) number of impacts per player was 46 (IQR 37–58), resulting in 10 (IQR 4–18) impacts to the head per player per match. The median impact magnitudes recorded were 15g (IQR 12g–21g) for linear acceleration and 2296 rad/sec2 (IQR 1352–4152 rad/sec2) for rotational acceleration. CONCLUSIONS There were 121 impacts (16.8%) above the rotational injury risk limit and 1 (0.1%) impact above the linear injury risk limit. The acceleration magnitude and number of head impacts in junior rugby union players were higher than those previously reported in similar age-group sports participants. The median linear acceleration for the under-9-year-old rugby players were similar to 7- to 8-year-old American football players, but lower than 9- to 12-year-old youth American football players. The median rotational accelerations measured were higher than the median and 95th percentiles in youth, high school, and collegiate American football players.

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King, Doug, Patria Hume, Conor Gissane e Trevor Clark. "Head impacts in a junior rugby league team measured with a wireless head impact sensor: an exploratory analysis". Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 19, n. 1 (gennaio 2017): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.7.peds1684.

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OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency, magnitude, and distribution of head impacts sustained by players in a junior rugby league over a season of matches. METHODS The authors performed a prospective cohort analysis of impact magnitude, frequency, and distribution on data collected with instrumented XPatches worn behind the ear of players in an “under-11” junior rugby league team (players under 11 years old). RESULTS A total of 1977 impacts were recorded. Over the course of the study, players sustained an average of 116 impacts (average of 13 impacts per player per match). The measured linear acceleration ranged from 10g to 123g (mean 22g, median 16g, and 95th percentile 57g). The rotational acceleration ranged from 89 rad/sec2 to 22,928 rad/sec2 (mean 4041 rad/sec2, median 2773 rad/sec2, and 95th percentile 11,384 rad/sec2). CONCLUSIONS The level of impact severity based on the magnitude of impacts for linear and rotational accelerations recorded was similar to the impacts reported in studies of American junior and high school football, collegiate football, and youth ice hockey players, but the players in the rugby league cohort were younger, had less body mass, and played at a slower speed than the American players. Junior rugby league players are required to tackle the player to the ground and use a different tackle technique than that used in American football, likely increasing the rotational accelerations recorded at the head.

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Patricios, Jon S., Clare L. Ardern, Michael David Hislop, Mark Aubry, Paul Bloomfield, Carolyn Broderick, Patrick Clifton et al. "Implementation of the 2017 Berlin Concussion in Sport Group Consensus Statement in contact and collision sports: a joint position statement from 11 national and international sports organisations". British Journal of Sports Medicine 52, n. 10 (2 marzo 2018): 635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099079.

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The 2017 Berlin Concussion in Sport Group Consensus Statement provides a global summary of best practice in concussion prevention, diagnosis and management, underpinned by systematic reviews and expert consensus. Due to their different settings and rules, individual sports need to adapt concussion guidelines according to their specific regulatory environment. At the same time, consistent application of the Berlin Consensus Statement’s themes across sporting codes is likely to facilitate superior and uniform diagnosis and management, improve concussion education and highlight collaborative research opportunities. This document summarises the approaches discussed by medical representatives from the governing bodies of 10 different contact and collision sports in Dublin, Ireland in July 2017. Those sports are: American football, Australian football, basketball, cricket, equestrian sports, football/soccer, ice hockey, rugby league, rugby union and skiing. This document had been endorsed by 11 sport governing bodies/national federations at the time of being published.

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Pope, Stacey. "‘It's Just Such a Class Thing’: Rivalry and Class Distinction between Female Fans of Men's Football and Rugby Union". Sociological Research Online 20, n. 2 (maggio 2015): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.3589.

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This article draws on 85 interviews with female fans of men's football and rugby union to explore sporting preferences and social class in one locale in Britain. Although it has been widely contended that social class is no longer a major source of people's identity and people will usually deny class identities, these findings demonstrate that sport can operate as a unique space in which people openly discuss class distinctions. The findings examine the perceived class differences between football and rugby union fans and rivalry between respective groups of supporters. There is very little work on the cross sport perceptions of sports fans so this article makes an original contribution to sociological research.

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Gouttebarge, Vincent, Christa Janse van Rensburg e Gino Kerkhoffs. "No time to waste: necessary health support for retired professional rugby players". South African Journal of Sports Medicine 33, n. 1 (28 maggio 2021): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2021/v33i1a10651.

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There has been increasing scrutiny of professional rugby following the concern that retired players might face several negative health conditions. Currently, support measures addressing the health of retired professional rugby players are not systematically implemented. This is unusual as professional rugby stakeholders have the duty of care to protect and promote the long-term health of retired players. Professional football has a health programme for retired players that is implemented globally. This programme formed the basis for the After Rugby Career Consultation (ARCC) which was developed to empower the sustainable health and quality of life of retired professional rugby players. The ARCC relies on information from three sources: (1) educational material, (2) medical examination, and (3) guidance, referral and/or monitoring. The South African rugby stakeholders have connected to pilot the ARCC as there is no time to waste: a step towards necessary health support for retired professional rugby players is needed.

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Johnes, Martin. "‘This Rugby Spellbound People’: Rugby Football in Nineteenth-Century Cardiff and South Wales". International Journal of the History of Sport 29, n. 10 (luglio 2012): 1505–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2012.714289.

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Collins, Tony. "‘This Rugby Spellbound People’: Rugby Football in Nineteenth-Century Cardiff and South Wales". Sport in History 32, n. 3 (settembre 2012): 455–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17460263.2012.725917.

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Lee, A. J., J. L. Myers e W. M. Garraway. "Influence of players' physique on rugby football injuries." British Journal of Sports Medicine 31, n. 2 (1 giugno 1997): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.31.2.135.

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Garraway, W. M., A. J. Lee, D. A. Macleod, J. W. Telfer, I. J. Deary e G. D. Murray. "Factors influencing tackle injuries in rugby union football". British Journal of Sports Medicine 33, n. 1 (1 febbraio 1999): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.33.1.37.

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Browne, G. J. "Cervical spinal injury in children's community rugby football". British Journal of Sports Medicine 40, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2006): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2005.020636.

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McIntosh, A., R. Dutfied e M. Grimison. "Injury and safety in junior rugby union football". British Journal of Sports Medicine 45, n. 4 (27 marzo 2011): 362–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2011.084038.149.

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47

Geffen, S., S. Wilson, T. Rotem e J. Lawson. "Severe injury and fatality in Rugby League football". Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 2, n. 1 (marzo 1999): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1440-2440(99)80059-0.

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Horsley, I., e L. Herrington. "Electromyographic analysis of the tackle within rugby football". Physical Therapy in Sport 7, n. 4 (novembre 2006): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2006.09.013.

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49

Gamble, Paul. "Physical Preparation for Elite-Level Rugby Union Football". Strength and Conditioning Journal 26, n. 4 (agosto 2004): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/00126548-200408000-00001.

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MacQueen, Amy E., e William W. Dexter. "Injury Trends and Prevention in Rugby Union Football". Current Sports Medicine Reports 9, n. 3 (maggio 2010): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/jsr.0b013e3181df124c.

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