Articoli di riviste: "Rhizome"

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Rusmin, Devi, M. R. Suhartanto, S. Ilyas, Dyah Manohara e E. Widajati. "Growth Pattern, Biochemical and Physiological Characteristics to Determine Harvesting Time of Big White Ginger Rhizome Seeds". Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat 29, n. 1 (4 giugno 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/bullittro.v29n1.2018.9-20.

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The use of young seed rhizomes became one of the obstacles in large white ginger (JPB) cultivation. Young ginger rhizomes rapidly shrank and decrease their viability. The experiment was aimed to study growth patterns, biochemical changes, and physiology of ginger plants to produce good quality rhizome seeds. JPB rhizome seeds used were 9 months old, have been stored for 2 weeks after harvest, weighed 30-40 g with 2-3 buds, healthy, and given seed treatment. The rhizomes were planted in growth medium in polybags (60 cm x 60 cm). The study was conducted by direct observation, repeated 4 times, consisting of 50 plants per replication. Observations were made on the plant growth patterns (plant height, stem length, tillers number, leaves number); rhizome development (fresh weight, branch rhizomes number, moisture content, and dry weight during growth); starch and hormonal content (IAA, gibberellin, ABA and cytokinin) of the rhizomes; and viability of rhizome seeds (growth rate, seed height, and dry weight). The results showed that the rhizomes of the 7-month-old ginger after planting (MAP) has entered the ripening phase, the rhizome morphology was optimal, and the starch content was not different from the rhizome seeds at 8 and 9 MAP. In addition, physiologically, the rhizome's growth potential was maximal (100%), growth rate (4.3% etmal-1), and seed height (33.8 cm) were better than 8 MAP (80%, 2.9% etmal-1, 33.7 cm) and 9 MAP (70%, 2.3% etmal-1, 29.4 cm). This study indicated that ginger rhizomes harvested from 7 months old plants can be used for seeds.

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Ran, Fu, Xiaoming Bai, Juanxia Li, Yajuan Yuan, Changning Li, Ping Li e Hui Chen. "Cytokinin and Metabolites Affect Rhizome Growth and Development in Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis)". Biology 12, n. 8 (11 agosto 2023): 1120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12081120.

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Rhizome growth and development is regulated by phytohormone. However, endogenous phytohormones affect rhizome initiation, and sustained growth in perennial grass species remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the morphological characteristics and the content of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin (ZT), gibberellic acid (GA3), and abscisic acid (ABA) in the rhizomes of two different Kentucky bluegrass. Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), we performed metabolite analysis of two different rhizomes. In our study, the multi-rhizome Kentucky bluegrass material ‘Yuzhong’ had an average of 1113 rhizomes, while the few-rhizome material ‘Anding’ had an average of 347 rhizomes. The diameter of rhizome and length of rhizome internode in ‘Yuzhong’ were 1.68-fold and 1.33-fold higher than that of the ‘Anding’, respectively. The rhizome dry weight of ‘Yuzhong’ was 75.06 g, while the ‘Anding’ was 20.79 g. ‘Yuzhong’ had a higher ZT content (5.50 μg·g−1), which is 2.4-fold that of ‘Anding’ (2.27 μg·g−1). In contrast, the IAA, ABA, and GA3 content of rhizome were markedly higher in ‘Anding’ than ‘Yuzhong’. Correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between ZT and ZT/ABA with the number of rhizomes, diameter of rhizome, and length of rhizome internode, whereas IAA, ABA, GA3, and IAA/ZT were opposite. In the metabolic profiles, we identified 163 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) (60 upregulated and 103 downregulated) in positive ion mode and 75 DEMs (36 upregulated and 39 downregulated) in negative ion mode. Histidine metabolism and ABC transporters pathways were the most significantly enriched in the positive and negative ion mode, respectively, both of which are involved in the synthesis and transport of cytokinin. These results indicate that cytokinin is crucial for rhizome development and promotes rhizome germination and growth of Kentucky bluegrass.

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CAO, Zhengyan, Ning TANG, Zexiong CHEN, Peiyin WU, Jiarui ZHENG, Jiabao YE, Yanni LIU et al. "Transcriptomic analysis reveals transcription factors involved in vascular bundle development and tissue maturation in ginger rhizomes (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)". Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 51, n. 2 (7 giugno 2023): 13131. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha51213131.

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Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is an important vegetable with medicinal value. Rhizome development determines ginger yield and quality. However, little information is available about the molecular features underlying rhizome expansion and maturation. In this study, we investigated anatomy characteristics, lignin accumulation and transcriptome profiles during rhizome development. In young rhizomes, the vascular bundle (VB) was generated with only vessels in it, whereas in matured rhizomes, three to five layers of fibre bundle in the xylem were formed, resulting in VB enlargement. It indicates VB development favouring rhizome swelling. With rhizome matured, the lignin content was remarkably elevated, thus facilitating tissue lignification. To explore the regulators for rhizome development, nine libraries including ginger young rhizomes (GYR), growing rhizomes (GGR), and matured rhizomes (GMR) were established for RNA-Seq, a total of 1264 transcription factors (TFs) were identified. Among them, 35, 116, and 14 differentially expressed TFs were obtained between GYR and GGR, GYR and GMR, and GGR and GMR, respectively. These TFs were further divided into three categories. Among them, three ZobHLHs (homologs of Arabidopsis LHW and AtbHLH096) as well as one DIVARICATA homolog in ginger might play crucial roles in controlling VB development. Four ZoWRKYs and two ZoNACs might be potential regulators associated with rhizome maturation. Three ZoAP2/ERFs and one ZoARF might participate in rhizome development via hormone signalling. This result provides a molecular basis for rhizome expansion and maturation in ginger.

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Kara, Nimet, e Gökhan Gürbüzer. "Effect of Harvest Times on Rhizoma Yield, Essential Oil Content and Composition in Iris germanica L. Species". Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, n. 5 (20 maggio 2019): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i5.707-713.2163.

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Research was conducted to examining the effects of harvest periods on root yield, essential oil content, resinoid content and essential oil composition of Iris species. Iris germanica field in Kuyucak town of Isparta which plant 3 years were constituted in 2016 year as three replications plots according to randomized block experimental design. Harvest was made in the middle each month from April to September (6 periods). Number of rhizomes weight, fresh rhizome yield, dry rhizome yield, essential oil ratio, resinoid ratio and composition in the Iris germanica were determined. In the study, differences between rhizome yield and examining characteristics of Iris germanica according to harvesting periods were statistically significant. Number of rhizomes varied between 3.27-6.47 per plant, rhizome weight 85.55-186.52 g per plant, fresh rhizome yield 972.8-1651.2 kg da-1, dry rhizome yield 212.33-457.50 kg da-1, essential oil and resinoid ratio of rhizome obtained after harvest 0.057-0.076%, 8.00-10.57% essential oil and resinoid ratio in stored rhizomes 0.10-0.14%, 6.95-10.45%, respectively. Rate of α-iron and ɣ-iron components that determine to qualities in essential oil of Iris rhizomes in after harvest varied between 16.1-27.7% and 23.4-50.8% and 29.4-31.2% and 55.2-59% in the essential oil stored rhizomes of Iris germanica, respectively.

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Kim, Jung-Hoon, Eui-Jeong Doh e Guemsan Lee. "Chemical Differentiation of Genetically Identified Atractylodes japonica, A. macrocephala, and A. chinensis Rhizomes Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Chemometric Analysis". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (2 agosto 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4860371.

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The rhizome of Atractylodes japonica, which is a herbal medicine used for gastrointestinal therapeutics, has been categorized with A. macrocephala rhizome or A. chinensis rhizome based on different therapeutic criteria in Korea, China, and Japan. In the present study, 61 A. japonica, A. macrocephala, and A. chinensis rhizomes were collected from Korea and China and were genetically identified by internal transcribed spacer sequencing analysis. Chromatographic profiles were obtained from high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the methanol and hot-water extracts of Atractylodes rhizomes and chemical differentiation of the rhizomes was carried out using chemometric statistical analyses such as principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis. The results from chromatographic profiles and chemometric analyses demonstrate that A. japonica rhizomes showed apparent chemical differences from A. macrocephala and A. chinensis rhizomes in the methanol extracts. In contrast, no clear distinction was apparent for the hot-water extracts of Atractylodes rhizomes, especially A. chinensis rhizomes. These results indicate that there is a clear chemical difference between A. japonica and A. macrocephala rhizomes; however, the chemical diversity of A. chinensis rhizome shows different chemical relationships with A. japonica or A. macrocephala rhizome, dependent on the chemical features.

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Silalahi, Marina, Nisyawati, Endang C. Purba, Daichiro W. Abinawanto e Riska S. Wahyuningtyas. "Ethnobotanical Study of Zingiberaceae Rhizomes as Traditional Medicine Ingredients by Medicinal Plant Traders in the Pancur Batu Traditional Market, North Sumatera, Indonesia". Journal of Tropical Ethnobiology 4, n. 2 (22 luglio 2021): 78–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.46359/jte.v4i2.54.

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Traditional markets are places for buying and selling medicinal plants and are a source of ethnobotany research data. This study aims to determine the uses and characteristics of Zingiberaceae rhizomes have been used as traditional medicine and traded in the traditional market of Pancur Batu, North Sumatra. This research was conducted with an ethnobotany approach through surveys, interviews and observation participatory. The respondents are all medicinal plants traders in the Pancur Batu traditional market. The things that were asked of the traders included local names, special characters, benefits, and how to recognize the rhizome. The medicinal plant traders in the Pancur batu traditional market have been utilized and traded as many as 10 species of Zingiberaceae rhizome, most of them belonging Curcuma and Zingiber genera. The characteristics of rhizomes are recognized by traders through their size, color, and aroma. The cross-section of the rhizomes of each species is different in structure and color which is used as the main marker for each species. Rhizoma Zingiberaceae is used as the main ingredient for tawar (semi-solid medicinal herbs consumed by brewing), parem (solid medicinal ingredients), and oukup (traditional Karo sauna). The rhizome aroma of each species belonging Zingiberaceae is very distinctive which is related to the content of essential oils. The use of Zingiberaceae rhizomes as tawar and parem ingredients needs to be studied further so that they are developed into standardized herbs.

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Geneve, Robert L., Shari Dutton, Anna G. Baloh e Marta Nosarzewski. "Rhizome Segments Form Shoots, Whereas Leaf Cuttings Form Shoots and Rhizomes in Eucodonia ‘Adele’ Treated with Benzyladenine". HortScience 58, n. 7 (luglio 2023): 785–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17068-22.

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Eucodonia ‘Adele’ initiates seasonal shoot growth from a scaly rhizome. Larger rhizome segments (>2.5 cm) produced shoots at a greater percentage compared with smaller rhizome segments. Shoots produced on larger segments were initiated sooner and had a longer length. However, when shoot formation efficiency was calculated as the number of potential shoots per original stock rhizome, smaller rhizome segments were more efficient, producing three to four times as many shoots. Rhizome segments (2.5 cm) soaked overnight in benzyladenine (BA) produced three to four times more shoots per rhizome (four shoots) compared with untreated or water-soaked rhizomes (0.3 and 0.7 shoot, respectively). The scaly rhizome consists of a central stem-like core surrounded by numerous leaf-like scales. Scales appear to be storage leaf tissue based on anatomy and presence of numerous amyloplasts. New shoots initiate as axillary shoots formed from the central core at the scale attachment. Isolated individual scales also have the capacity for adventitious shoot formation, but only form in about 25% of isolated scales. Leaf cuttings were capable of producing adventitious shoots, roots, and rhizomes. Untreated petiole and lamina cut leaf cuttings formed approximately three rhizomes per leaf cutting compared with less than one adventitious shoot per leaf cutting. Benzyladenine-treated leaf cuttings did not show an increase in rhizome initiation, but soaking lamina cut leaf cuttings in water or BA increased shoot formation to ∼1.5 shoots per cutting. This work with isolated rhizome segments and leaf cuttings presents efficient systems for regenerating rhizomes that can be used to produce stock plants for a stem cutting system for Eucodonia ‘Adele’ as a seasonal pot plant.

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Chaudoir, Leah, e A. E. Einert. "GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF GARDEN IRISES UNDER GREENHOUSE FORCING". HortScience 25, n. 8 (agosto 1990): 850f—850. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.8.850f.

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Rhizomes of Iris germanica L. `Pretty Please' were stored either dry at 21°C or potted at 10°C for 0, A, 9, 11, 13, 15, or 17 weeks. After storage, dry rhizomes were potted and placed in a forcing greenhouse. Potted rhizomes were removed from the 10°C cooler and placed in the same greenhouse. Both were forced under longdays(16 hr). A control group with no rhizome storage received natural daylength. Plants flowered without rhizome storage if grown under longdays. Four weeks of rhizome storage (cool or warm) significantly hastened flowering of potted irises over those receiving no rhizome storage, as well as producing the highest percentage of flowering plants. Potted rhizomes chilled for 17 weeks had the shortest forcing period, but only 50% of plants flowered. Plants receiving natural daylength did not flower. Greenhouse forced plants did not produce more than three flowers per scape. Foliage height at flowering decreased significantly after 15 weeks of cool rhizome storage.

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Harker, K. Neil, e John S. Taylor. "Chlormequat Chloride (CCC) Pretreatments May Enhance Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) Control with Sethoxydim". Weed Technology 8, n. 3 (settembre 1994): 499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00039580.

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Laboratory, greenhouse, and field experiments were conducted at the Lacombe Research Station to determine if CCC, ethephon, or CCC/ethephon had direct activity on quackgrass rhizome buds, and to determine if foliar applications of CCC/ethephon could predispose quackgrass to more effective control with sethoxydim. CCC, ethephon, and CCC/ethephon had growth regulating effects on the axillary buds and the apex of detached quackgrass rhizomes. CCC increased rhizome bud sprouting on rhizomes with the apex excised, but not on rhizomes with an intact apex. Ethephon or CCC/ethephon inhibited bud sprouting on rhizomes with an intact or excised apex. CCC/ethephon, but not CCC or ethephon alone, increased rhizome elongation on rhizomes with intact apices. In the greenhouse, pretreatments of CCC/ethephon increased sethoxydim activity on quackgrass rhizome buds and caused lower shoot emergence from one-bud rhizome segments. Results of field experiments were less consistent than those in the greenhouse. However, sometimes CCC or CCC/ethephon pretreatments resulted in increased quackgrass control in the field with sethoxydim.

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Xie, Yue, Tong Chen e Huazhong Ren. "Rhizome Weight and Number of Sectioning per Rhizome Determine Plantlet Growth and Propagation Rate of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni in Cutting Propagation". Agronomy 12, n. 11 (8 novembre 2022): 2777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112777.

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Rhizome cutting is prevalent in propagation for Hemerocallis citrina Baroni. This study aimed to reveal the influence of rhizome weight on plantlet growth, and evaluate a new cutting protocol. Three levels of rhizome weight (big (BR), medium (MR) and small (SR)) were compared by measuring plantlet growth four times during cutting propagation. Sectioning rhizomes longitudinally along shaft axis of crown into 2, 3 or 4 parts (S2, S3 and S4), was tested on rhizomes with two bud sizes (Large bud (LB), Small bud (SB)). Propagation coefficient, the number of plantlets obtained per rhizome, kept similar regardless of rhizome weight, while S3 and S4 increased propagation coefficient. Rhizome weight changed the relative growth rates on different dates. SR resulted in lower aboveground dry biomass, leaf area, total fibrous root length, relative total fibrous root length growth rate and N deficiency compared to BR. Sucrose concentration in rhizome decreased with time and fructose concentration was lowest in MR at the end of experiment. Aboveground dry biomass and total fibrous root length were lowest in S4, followed by S3 and S2. Rhizome weight and number of sectioning per rhizome influence cutting propagation, and sectioning rhizomes into three pieces has higher propagation coefficient and less retardation on growth. According to N deficiency in plantlets during the propagation, N fertiliser is probably needed during cutting.

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Sheaffer, C. C., R. D. Mathison e P. Seguin. "Vegetative establishment of Kura clover". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 88, n. 5 (1 settembre 2008): 921–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08026.

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Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) is a rhizomatous perennial legume that is often challenging to establish from seed. Our objectives were to evaluate the effect of planting date (early April, late April, and mid-May), plant material (rhizomes and rhizomes with buds), and rhizome planting density (11, 44, and 178 plants m-2) on establishment of Kura clover. Establishment of the clover was enhanced by early April planting using rhizomes with buds. Kura clover populations increased with increased rhizome planting densities. Establishment of Kura clover at a rhizome density of 178 rhizome m-2 has the potential to provide yield and stands similar to broadcast seeding. Key words: Kura Clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.), vegetative propagation

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BAI, LIN, e NIAN‑HE XIA. "A preliminary study of the morphological variation of rhizomes in Zingiber Mill. and its role in taxonomy". Phytotaxa 647, n. 1 (8 maggio 2024): 53–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.647.1.4.

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The rhizomes of Zingiber are highly diverse and have potential in taxonomy, but their fundamental structure has never been properly understood in connection with an understanding of the sympodial growth form of the whole plant. This study is based on a literature review and on observations of fresh materials of 32 Zingiber species mainly from China, representing all four sections of the genus. An analysis of the sympodial modular growth habit of these plants has recognised that both isomodular and heteromodular growth exist within the genus. The study shows that rhizomes of Zingiber are highly-organised, compound, sympodial structures. By introducing the term rhizome unit, Zingiber rhizomes can be meaningfully described by depicting the morphology of the rhizome units and the relative arrangement of these units to one another. Six morphological attributes of rhizome units (shape, size, direction of growth, colour and number of nodes per rhizome, and length of internodes) and two attributes of their relative arrangement to one another (dorsiventral vs lateral position of rhizome units and the ramification position along the length of rhizome unit) are discussed. A preliminary assessment of variation patterns and the taxonomic value of these characters are presented. Together, these attributes contribute to the overall morphology of rhizomes. The relationship between rhizome structure and the above-ground clumping habit is discussed. The term pseudo-neck is coined to refer to the narrowed basal part that occurs in the rhizome units of some Zingiber species while the thick apical part of rhizome units where the internodes are often shorter than those on the pseudo-neck is called head. Problems with existing terminology for rhizome and plant habit descriptions in Zingiber are highlighted. This study suggests that whether the plane of distichy of leaves is parallel or perpendicular to the rhizome unit, a key character that many previous studies used for subdivision of Zingiberaceae, needs re-assessment, because in Zingiber both states of the character exist. Characters of rhizome morphology of the four sections in Zingiber are discussed, but studies of a larger number of species are needed to better-assess the relevance of these characters to the infrageneric classification of the genus. Schematic illustrations and colour plates of rhizomes from representative species are provided to assist the descriptions and discussions. It is hoped that this preliminary study will facilitate and encourage more comprehensive studies of rhizomes of Zingiber and of other genera within Zingiberaceae. Such work will lead to a better understanding of these structures and help establish a more comprehensive and accurate terminology for them, which in turn will facilitate the taxonomy and identification of the family.

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Indrani, Krisna Hany, Duman Care Khrisne e I. Made Arsa Suyadnya. "Android Based Application for Rhizome Medicinal Plant Recognition Using SqueezeNet". Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Informatics 4, n. 1 (29 febbraio 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jeei.2020.v04.i01.p02.

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Rhizome is modification of stem that grows below the surface of the soil and produce new bud and roots from its segments. Besides being used as spices, rhizome also used by people as ingredients of traditional medicine to treat various diseases. This proves that rhizome has many benefits. However, the ability to recognize types of rhizome can only be done by certain people because rhizome has variety of types, aromas, and different colors. This study was designed to build an Android based application to recognize the types of rhizome, so that people can recognize types of rhizome without having special knowledge. The application was built using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) methods with SqueezeNet architecture model. This study used 9 class of rhizome with Zingiberaceae Family, namely Bangle, Jahe, Kunyit Kuning, Kencur, Lengkuas, Temu Kunci, Temu Ireng, Temu Mangga, and Temulawak. Testing is carried out to know the performance of application such as accuracy level of application in recognize types of rhizome. Based on the results of testing with 54 rhizomes sample images, the application is capable of recognizing rhizomes types by obtaining a top-1 accuracy value of 41% and top-5 accuracy value of 81%.

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Haynes, Janine G., John M. Smagula e Paul E. Cappiello. "Rooting and Establishment of Bunchberry Stem Cuttings as Affected by Propagation Date, K-IBA, Rooting Duration, and by Division or Cuttage". HortScience 38, n. 1 (febbraio 2003): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.38.1.92.

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Stem cuttings were harvested in April from four clones of containerized bunchberry(Cornus canadensis L.) forced in the greenhouse and in June from the same four clones growing in the field. April cuttings that had produced rhizomes by transplant time produced the greatest mean number and weight of shoots during the first growing season compared to April cuttings without rhizomes, June cuttings with rhizomes, or June cuttings without rhizomes. In a second study, cuttings and single-stem divisions were taken in July; divisions produced a greater mean number of shoots than did stem cuttings when compared at the end of Oct. A third study evaluated the effect of K-IBA application to lateral buds on subsequent rhizome production, and the effect of cutting node number (two vs. three nodes) on root or rhizome development. Treating lateral buds with K-IBA was not inhibitory to rhizome formation and elongation. Compared to two-node cuttings, three-node cuttings produced greater mean rootball size, rhizome number, and rhizome length; nearly twice as many of the three-node cuttings formed rhizomes as did two-node cuttings. A fourth study showed that cuttings rooted for 5 or 6 weeks in a mist enclosure generally exhibited greater shoot and rhizome production by the end of the first growing season than cuttings rooted for 8 or 9 weeks. This was despite the finding that cuttings rooted for longer durations (8 or 9 weeks) possessed larger rootballs and greater rhizome numbers at transplant time compared to cuttings rooted for shorter durations (5 to 6 weeks). Chemical name used: indole-3-butyric acid (K-IBA).

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Klingeman, William E., Darren K. Robinson e Gary L. McDaniel. "Regeneration of Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) from Rhizome Sections in Sand, Pine Bark, and Soil Substrates". Journal of Environmental Horticulture 22, n. 3 (1 settembre 2004): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-22.3.139.

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Abstract Regenerative potential of mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) rhizome sections has not been quantified when rhizomes are transplanted into substrates encountered in landscapes and nursery fields, container nurseries, or propagation beds. Mugwort regeneration in pine bark, sand, and soil substrates was analyzed by rhizome color, length, and the presence or absence of a leaf scale. Color of rhizomes, which darken with time, did not account for differences in growth among treatments. Contrary to previous research, 85, 78, and 69% of 2 cm-long rhizome sections produced both roots and shoots when grown in pine bark, sand, and soil substrates, respectively, during 45-day trials. Slightly less than 31% of rhizome fragments 0.5 cm long without a leaf scale produced both roots and shoots in soil. Though fewer rhizomes survived in soil, root and shoot fresh weights were greater than in pine bark and sand. When rhizome sections included a leaf scale, survival, fresh weights of roots and shoots, shoot height, leaf number and root lengths were greater, regardless of substrate type. Root initials emerged both adjacent to leaf scales and in the internode between leaf scales. Shoot emergence preceded root emergence from rhizome sections.

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Jongpluempiti, Jarinee, e Kiatfa Tangchaichit. "Feasibility Assessment of Using Cassava Rhizomes for Firing Pottery in Dan Kwian, Thailand". Applied Mechanics and Materials 148-149 (dicembre 2011): 1158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.148-149.1158.

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Cassava is one of the most important crops in Nakhon Ratchasima province which grows the most cassava in the Northeast of Thailand. Therefore, a large amount of cassava rhizome is left in the field after harvest. The objectives of this research were to study the feasibility of cassava rhizomes use for Dan Kwian pottery firing in the same province. The analysis consisted of physical properties, heating value and comparing firing the pottery by wood fuel and cassava rhizome. The results were that the cassava rhizomes, with moisture content of about 34.73%, had properties inferior to the woods. When the rhizomes are burned to give thermal energy to pottery products, the temperature profile of the rhizomes is similar to the profile of wood fuels. As a result, the typical quantity of rhizome required, burning time and cost are 3,627 kg, 40 hours and 1,814 baht, respectively, while the values for wood are about 2,600 kg, 34 hours and 2,600 baht, respectively. The cost of the rhizome is less than the wood by around 786 baht. Therefore, using cassava rhizome to replace wood fuel is feasible but it is necessary to control the moisture content to an appropriate level.

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Klingeman*, William E., Darren K. Robinson e Gary L. McDaniel. "Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) Rhizome Regeneration in Pine Bark, Soil and Sand Substrates". HortScience 39, n. 4 (luglio 2004): 746A—746. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.746a.

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Mugwort, or false chrysanthemum (Artemisia vulgaris L) is a well-adapted invasive plant that presents increasing management challenges to agricultural producers, Green Industry professionals and homeowners across portions of the eastern U.S. The ability of mugwort to regenerate from cut rhizome sections has not been adequately quantified for substrates that are typical of landscapes and nursery fields, container nurseries, and propagation beds. Cut rhizome sections were analyzed by rhizome color, length, and the presence or absence of a leaf scale. Media substrates included pine bark, sand, and soil. Rhizomes darken with time and color did not account for differences in growth among treatments. When grown in pine bark, sand, and soil substrates during 45-d trials, 85%, 78%, and 69% of 2 cm-long rhizome sections produced both roots and shoots. These results contrast with previous research. When rhizome fragments 0.5 cm long did not include a leaf scale, slightly fewer than 31% produced both roots and shoots in soil. Fewer rhizomes survived in soil, but root and shoot fresh masses of soil-grown rhizomes were greater than rhizomes that were regenerated in pine bark and sand. When rhizome sections had a leaf scale, survival, fresh masses of roots and shoots, shoot height, leaf number and root lengths were greater, regardless of substrate type. Root initials emerged in the internode between leaf scales and also adjacent to leaf scales. Shoot emergence preceded root emergence from rhizome sections. Growers, landscape managers and homeowners should scout regularly and initiate aggressive controls when mugwort populations are found.

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Adi, Eko Binnaryo Mei, e Enung Sri Mulyaningsih. "The Effects of Fertilizer Treatment, Rhizome Seed Size, and Day of Harvest In Java Turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.)". AGROSAINSTEK: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian 3, n. 2 (28 novembre 2019): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/agrosainstek.v3i2.49.

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Java turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) is cultivated as a secondary crop, resulting in variable rhizome quality which can be increased by suitable cultivation methods. This study investigated the effect of different cultivation methods on the rhizome yield of Java turmeric. Different fertilizer treatments(none, organic, inorganic, and semi-organic fertilizer), three groups of rhizome seed size (small (50–80 g), medium (100–150 g), and large (200–250 g)) and three groups of harvesting age (eight, ten, and twelve months after planting) were evaluated in a split plot design experiment. Results show that large rhizome seed size together with organic fertilizer treatment increased secondary rhizome production, yielding the highest number, weight and diameter. As high levels of starch in the primary rhizome are crucial for growth of the plant, the use of large rhizomes for propagation is indicated in Java turmeric cultivation. The highest weight and number of primary rhizomes were yielded when plants were harvested twelve months after planting.

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19

Paull, Robert E., Nancy Jung Chen e Theodore T. C. Goo. "Compositional Changes in Ginger Rhizomes During Storage". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 113, n. 4 (luglio 1988): 584–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.113.4.584.

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Abstract Compositional changes in ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) rhizome stored at 22° or 12.5°C were studied. The rhizome surface Hunter “b” value increased from 9.2 to 18 in 4 weeks. Water loss did not become significant until 12 weeks of storage at 22°. There was little increase in dry matter of rhizomes stored at 12.5°. Rhizome crude fiber content, oil percentage, total phenols, and protein content did not change significantly. Rhizome total sugar increased significantly during storage at 12.5° for 32 weeks with pungency increasing 5-fold, as measured by gingerol content. No significant volatile flavor changes were noted, with rhizome variation being greater than storage effect. The changes in rhizome surface color did not lead to a significant loss in quality. The increase in pungency could be regarded as a favorable improvement in the fresh ginger market. The loss of water and increase in dry matter percentage significantly decrease overall appearance and quality of rhizomes stored at 22°.

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20

Chiari, Alessandro, e Mark P. Bridgen. "Effect of Meristem Position and Medium on in Vitro Meristem Culture of Alstroemeria". HortScience 32, n. 3 (giugno 1997): 461C—461. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.461c.

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Meristems from three different positions were excised from in vitro plants of Alstroemeria genotype A30. Explants were removed from the most-distal vegetative shoot apical meristems, rhizome tip apical meristems, and rhizome tip axillary meristems. Meristems were cultured on four different media to compare the effect of meristem position and medium on the ability to produce Alstroemeria rhizomes from meristems. The meristem culture media were Murashige & Skoog salts plus 8.39 μM pantothenic acid, 1.19 μM thiamine, and 0.55 mm myo-inositol (MSM), MSM plus 8.88 μM of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), MSM plus 8.88 μM BA, and 0.72 μM gibberellic acid (GA3), and MSM plus 0.72 μM GA3. Meristems that were removed from the vegetative shoot apices did not develop rhizomes on any medium. Rhizome tip apical meristems developed less than 10% rhizomes when subcultured on media containing BA and GA3. However, rhizome tip axillary meristems developed rhizomes on all media with best results achieved when the medium was supplemented with BA.

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21

Shekharagouda Patil, Netravathi, G. Ramesh, Ashok Hugar e B. V. Tembhurne. "Extent of Variability, Correlation and Path Studies among Different Ginger Genotypes Grown under Shade Net". International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 13, n. 2 (10 febbraio 2024): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2024.1302.013.

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The experiment was taken up to elicit the information on performance of different ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) varieties under shade net condition. The trial was conducted in the shade net of the Department of Horticulture, college of Agriculture, Raichur, Karnataka. Eleven varieties of ginger were evaluated in RBD with three replications during kharif season of 2018-19. Karnataka. The growth performance of eleven varieties indicated significant variation at all the stages of crop growth under shade net condition. Highest h2 was associated with the characters like weight of secondary rhizomes (90.58), yield per hectare (89.06), leaf area (87.64), number of leaves per plant (85.40), number of tillers per plant (76.64), weight of primary rhizomes (74.81) and oleoresin content (71.09). The correlation studies carried out by considering various growth and yield parameters established the highly significant and positive correlation of rhizome yield with plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, plant girth, leaf area, number of primary rhizomes, number of secondary rhizomes, weight of primary rhizomes, weight of secondary rhizomes and Oleoresin content. The characters leaf area, weight of primary rhizomes, number of tillers, weight of secondary rhizomes, plant height, plant girth oleoresin and dry rhizome recovery had their direct positive influence on the rhizome yield. However, number of leaves, number of primary rhizomes and number of secondary rhizomes had their direct negative influence on the rhizome yield.

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22

Huffman, David W., John C. Zasada e John C. Tappeiner II. "Growth and morphology of rhizome cuttings and seedlings of salal (Gaultheria shallon): effects of four light intensities". Canadian Journal of Botany 72, n. 11 (1 novembre 1994): 1702–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-209.

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Rhizome cuttings and seed of salal (Gaultheria shallon) were cultured in nursery beds at four light intensities (20, 50, and 70%, and full sunlight) created by various thicknesses of shade cloth. After each of two growing seasons, growth and morphological characteristics were compared among light intensities and between life stages. Under all light intensities, rhizome cuttings produced aerial stems and new rhizomes within 1 year and produced fruit within 2 years. Seedlings produced numerous aerial stems but few rhizomes. In general, 70% light induced the greatest production of aerial stems and rhizomes for both cuttings and seedlings. In 70% light, cuttings averaged more than three times the number of rhizomes and rhizome biomass and nearly twice the aerial stem biomass of cuttings in 20% light. Morphology of aerial stems, rhizomes, leaves, and seedling canopies was also affected by light quantity. Aerial stems produced by cuttings were shortest (9.9 cm) in full light and rhizome lengths were longer (27.6 cm) in 50% light than in 20% or full light. Specific leaf area of both cuttings and seedlings was highest (99.9 cm2/g and 146 cm2/g, respectively) under the most shaded treatment. The implications of these results with respect to the ecology of salal under field conditions are discussed. Key words: Gaultheria shallon, seedlings, rhizome cuttings, shade treatment, morphology, vegetative growth.

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23

Barad, A. V., e Y. A. Viradiya. "Investigating the Influence of Rhizome Size and Treatment on Turmeric Crop Productivity (Curcuma longa L.)". International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, n. 8 (13 giugno 2023): 1560–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i82104.

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The experiment was conducted during the Kharif season of 2021-22 at the Department of Seed Technology, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University in Sardarkrushingar. It followed a Randomized Complete Block Design (Factorial concept) with three replications, utilizing the GNT 2 variety. The study aimed to investigate the effects of seven treatments and four rhizome sizes on various characteristics of turmeric. The results indicated that both the rhizome size R4 (mother rhizome) and treatment T4 (Chiller treatment at 4°C for 2 hours) significantly influenced all the measured traits. The mother rhizome (R4) exhibited the highest values for germination percentage (80.48%), plant height (64.52 cm), leaf length (36.96 cm), leaf width (13.50 cm), tillers per plant (3.21), mother rhizomes per plant (2.32), primary fingers per plant (7.33), secondary fingers per plant (7.94), rhizome length (14.89 cm), rhizome width (15.54 cm), and rhizome weight (185.25 g). Furthermore, among the different treatments, the chiller treatment (T4) at 4°C for 2 hours yielded significantly higher results for germination percentage (85.98%), plant height (65.35 cm), leaf length (34.51 cm), mother rhizomes per plant (2.38), primary fingers per plant (6.70), secondary fingers per plant (7.95), rhizome length (14.13 cm), rhizome width (15.58 cm), and rhizome weight (187.23 g). The sodium hypochloride treatment (T5) at 4% for 2 hours resulted in the maximum leaf width (12.96 cm) and the number of tillers per plant (3.24). In conclusion, these findings emphasize the potential benefits of pre-sowing rhizome treatment for enhancing turmeric crop cultivation, leading to improved crop performance.

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24

Kamal, M. Z. U., e M. N. Yousuf. "Effect of Organic Manures on Growth, Rhizome Yield and Quality Attributes of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)". Agriculturists 10, n. 1 (1 luglio 2012): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i1.11060.

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Abstract (sommario):

The investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of different organic manures on turmeric with reference to vegetative growth, biomass production, rhizome yield and its attributes of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Turmeric showed better response to the application of organic manures. Plant with neem cake application had the taller plant (79.30 cm), maximum number of tillers per plant (5.40), leaf number (5.40), leaf area (44.09) leaf area index (0.429), fresh weight of halum ( 190.05g), fresh weight of root (49.13 g), fresh weight of rhizome per plant (256.21 g) and dry weight of halum (15.21g), dry weight of root (7.32 g), dry weight of rhizome per plant (40.35 g), total dry matter yield (6.85 t ha-1) than those received other types of manures. Moreover, yield attributes such as number of mother rhizomes per plant-1 (1.75), more number of primary rhizomes per plant-1 (5.19), secondary rhizomes per plant-1 (18.03) and tertiary rhizomes per plant (7.69) were also highly accelerated by neem cake application. Similarly, the same treatment expressed the best in terms of size of mother rhizome (7.69 cm), primary rhizome (21.86 cm) and secondary rhizomes (7.05 cm).All these parameters in cumulative contributed to produce the highest estimated fresh rhizomes yield & cured rhizomes yield (29.48 t ha-1, 5.59 t ha-1 respectively). The highest curing percentage (20.28) was observed in T3 treatment having mustard cake@ 2.0 t/ha. Thus, organic manure like neem cake was best fitted natural fertilizer for turmeric cultivation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i1.11060The Agriculturists 2012; 10(1): 16-22

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25

Salachna, Piotr, Agnieszka Zawadzińska, Rafał Piechocki e Andżelika Wośkowiak. "The growth and flowering of Rhodohypoxis baurii (Baker) Nel cultivars depending on rhizome weight". Folia Horticulturae 27, n. 2 (1 dicembre 2015): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fhort-2015-0027.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Rhodohypoxis baurii is an ornamental plant recommended for pot and garden cultivation. The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between rhizome weight and the growth, flowering and rhizome yield in two cultivars (‘Dusky’ and ‘Ruth’) of R. baurii grown as pot plants. The rhizomes were sorted into three groups by weight: 0.10-0.20 g, 0.21-0.30 g and 0.31-0.40 g. The study revealed that the plants developed from the largest rhizomes were the highest, the widest, produced the most leaves, inflorescences per rhizome, flowers per inflorescence and were the first to flower. The plants developed from rhizomes of 0.21-0.30 g and 0.31-0.40 g did not differ in their flowering rate, flower diameter or the weight of rhizomes at the end of the growing season. Flowers developed in all of the plants grown from rhizomes weighing at least 0.2 g. A comparison of cultivars showed that 'Dusky' plants were higher, wider, had more leaves, inflorescences and flowers per inflorescence, flowered earlier and produced rhizomes of greater weight than 'Ruth' plants, which had a higher greenness index and larger flowers. Both cultivars did not differ in their flowering rate. Rhizome weight gain after the cultivation period depended rather on the cultivar than on the size of the planted rhizomes.

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26

Debnath, Samir C. "Influence of propagation method a nd indole-3-butyric acid on growth and development of in vitro- and ex vitro-derived lingonberry plants". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2006): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p04-142.

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Abstract (sommario):

The effects of two propagation methods and four indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations were studied in two cultivars of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.). Cultivars Regal and Erntedank, propagated by conventional softwood cuttings (SC) and adventitious shoot regeneration from excised leaves of micropropagated shoots (LC), were evaluated for growth and morphology. Significant two- and three-way interactions for shoot and rhizome characteristics were observed among the treatments. The LC plants produced shorter and less-vigorous shoots but had more stems, branches, leaves and rhizomes in contrast to conventional cuttings, which rarely produced rhizomes. IBA had an effect on shoot and rhizome morphology, but not on the frequency of rhizome formation. In vitro culture on zeatin-containing nutrient medium apparently induces the juvenile branching characteristics that favored enhanced rhizome production. The advantage of shoot and rhizome production of adventitiously produced LC plants over SC plants varied between the genotypes. Erntedank plants had better shoot growth and rhizome development across propagation methods than did Regal plants. Key words: Vaccinium vitis-idaea, propagation, regeneration, cuttings, indole-3-butyric acid

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27

Peng, Qin, Yihui Yuan e Meiying Gao. "Bacillus pumilus, a Novel Ginger Rhizome Rot Pathogen in China". Plant Disease 97, n. 10 (ottobre 2013): 1308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-12-1178-re.

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Abstract (sommario):

Ginger rhizome rot is a major factor limiting the yield and marketability of ginger in Shandong Province, China. In order to identify the pathogen causing ginger rhizome rot, evaluate its pathogenicity, and explore its pathogenesis, diseased ginger rhizomes and surrounding soils were collected. A gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated GR8, was frequently isolated from the ginger rhizome samples. The bacterium was identified as Bacillus pumilus based on physio-biochemical and molecular biology characteristics. Pathogenicity studies with GR8 showed that it could cause disease of the tested rhizomes slices and the entire rhizome when wounded but no disease occurred when the rhizome was not wounded. Preliminary pathogenicity studies demonstrated that cell-free cultures of GR8 could not cause any disease symptoms, whereas the bacterial suspensions caused severe symptoms. The pathology studies revealed that infection of GR8 could cause starch grains to shrink from normal size, and destroy the parenchyma cells by invading and propagating in them. This is the first report of B. pumilus causing ginger rhizome rot.

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28

SMD, ROSITA, MONO RAHARDJO e SUDIARTO SUDIARTO. "PENGARUH PERLAKUAN SETEK RIMPANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKTIVITAS GARUT (Maranta arundinacea L.)". Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 8, n. 1 (15 luglio 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v8n1.2002.1-6.

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Abstract (sommario):

Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L.) is usually propagated through young tillers or rhizome cuttings. A glass house and field tials were carried out at the Cimanggu Expeimental Insulation of the Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops (RISMC), to assess 0k efect of rhizome patition and number of nodes of each parts on the viability of rhizomes, growth, productivity and starch content of arrowroot A clone of arrowroot (No. 17) collected from RISMC was used. One, two, three or four nodes of rhizomes cut at the base, middle or tip were used. A preliminary study was conducted in glass house from August to September 1999, where 40 samples of rhizomes were tested for their viability. Further study was conducted in the field from October 1999 to April 2000, to assess the growth, productivity and starch content of the rhizome from each treatment. The ield experiment was designed as a randomized block, arranged factorially in three replicates. The first factor was rhizome part (base, middle or tip) snd the second one was number of nodes (one, two, three or four nodes). Results showed that the highest percentage of plant growth, and seedling vigor of one month old were obtained from Uic four nodes tip rhizome cutting. At 6.5 month after planting the highest significant yield of resh rhizome was obtained from both base and middle parts rhizome cutting (324.04 and 326.46 g/hill), while the tip curling only produced 240.0 g/hill. The highest starch yield was obtained from the treatments of both the base and middle parts rhizome cutting i.e. 52.51 and 61.25 g/hill, while the tip cutting produced 47.19 g/hill. There was no interaction efect between the irst and the second factors on fresh rhizome yield. Highest signiicant fresh rhizome yield can also be obtained by using more than one node (320.96 - 337.69 g/hill), while a node cuting gave 198.65 g/hill only. Using base and middle rhizome cutting with 3 nodes gave the effective and eficient result, since it gave higher yield of the resh rhizome starch (70.38 and 72.41 g/hill).

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29

Nasution, Pandapotan, Suharyanisa Suharyanisa, Manahan Situmorang e Nurpita Putri Manihuruk. "PEMBUATAN PATI DARI RIMPANG LENGKUAS, TEMULAWAK, TEMUKUNCI SERTA KARAKTERISASINYA". JURNAL FARMANESIA 8, n. 2 (26 dicembre 2021): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.51544/jf.v8i2.2791.

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The rhizome is part of the plant for food reserves, including storing carbohydrates (starch), therefore rhizomes of Galangal, Curcuma, Fingerroot rhizome can be used as a source of starch. This study used an exploratory method which included isolation of starch from Galangal, Curcuma, Fingerroot Rhizome, macroscopic examination, microscopic examination, sample collection, sample processing, and examination of the characterization of starch. The results of starch characterization obtained yields for Galangal starch 2.6%, Curcuma starch 5.4%, Fingerroot rhizome starch 4.1%; determination of total ash content for Galangal starch 1.4%; Curcuma starch 2.0%, Fingerroot rhizome starch 1.0%; determination of drying shrinkage for 1.8% Galangal starch, 2.4% Curcuma starch, 3.2% Fingerroot rhizome starch; determination of acid-insoluble ash content for 0.6% Galangal starch, 0.7% Curcuma starch, 0.7%Fingerroot rhizome starch.

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Ma, Xiqing, Jingjin Yu, Lili Zhuang, Yi Shi, William Meyer e Bingru Huang. "Differential regulatory pathways associated with drought-inhibition and post-drought recuperation of rhizome development in perennial grass". Annals of Botany 126, n. 3 (23 maggio 2020): 481–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa099.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Background and Aims Rhizomes are key organs for the establishment of perennial grass stands and adaptation to environmental stress. However, mechanisms regulating rhizome initiation and elongation under drought stress and during post-drought recovery remain unclear. The objective of this study is to investigate molecular factors and metabolic processes involved in drought effects and post-drought recovery in rhizome growth in perennial grass species by comparative transcriptomic and proteomic profiling. Methods Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) (B-type rhizome genotype, ‘BR’) plants were exposed to drought stress and re-watering in growth chambers. The number and length of rhizomes were measured following drought stress and re-watering. Hormone and sugar contents were analysed, and transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were performed to identify metabolic factors, genes and proteins associated with rhizome development. Key Results Rhizome initiation and elongation were inhibited by drought stress, and were associated with increases in the contents of abscisic acid (ABA) and soluble sugars, but declines in the contents of indoleacetic acid (IAA), zeatin riboside (ZR) and gibberellin (GA4). Genes involved in multiple metabolic processes and stress defence systems related to rhizome initiation exhibited different responses to drought stress, including ABA signalling, energy metabolism and stress protection. Drought-inhibition of rhizome elongation could be mainly associated with the alteration of GA4 and antioxidants contents, energy metabolism and stress response proteins. Upon re-watering, new rhizomes were regenerated from rhizome nodes previously exposed to drought stress, which was accompanied by the decline in ABA content and increases in IAA, ZR and GA4, as well as genes and proteins for auxin, lipids, lignin and nitrogen metabolism. Conclusions Drought-inhibition of rhizome initiation and elongation in tall fescue was mainly associated with adjustments in hormone metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and stress-defence systems. Rhizome regeneration in response to re-watering involved reactivation of hormone and lipid metabolism, secondary cell-wall development, and nitrogen remobilization and cycling.

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Sukati, Suriyan, e Warachate Khobjai. "Total Phenolic Content and DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Young Turmeric Grown in Southern Thailand". Applied Mechanics and Materials 886 (gennaio 2019): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.886.61.

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Abstract (sommario):

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), a member of Zingiberacaeae, is used for Thai traditional medicine, flavoring, preservative, and coloring agent. In Southern Thailand, turmeric is a famous ingredient for food recipes. Not only is the ripened rhizome used for cuisine, but also the young rhizomes. Previous studies have indicated that a variety of turmeric products from the ripened rhizome are valuable source of antioxidant compounds. However, there are ambiguous data regarding the level of antioxidant activity of the young rhizome. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of the young rhizomes by comparing to the ripened rhizome. TPC and antioxidant activity of aqueous and 80% methanolic extracts from the young turmeric grown in Southern Thailand were estimated using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and DPPH free radical scavenging activity (DPPH-RSA) assay, respectively. Results showed that the concentration of TPC determined in methanolic extract (19.80±0.25 mg GAE/ g extract) from the young rhizome was significantly higher than the corresponding aqueous extract (18.38±0.41 mg GAE/ g extract). The aqueous and methanolic extracts exhibited significant inhibition in DPPH-RSA with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 5.88±0.70 mg/mL and 3.00±0.31 mg/mL, respectively. However, in comparison with the ripened rhizome, TPC and DPPH-RSA of the young rhizome were lower. These results indicate that the young rhizome grown in Southern Thailand could be a source of antioxidant compounds, but the ripened rhizome provides better antioxidant properties than the young rhizome.

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Dzeletovic, Zeljko, Gordana Andrejic, Aleksandar Simic e Hakan Geren. "Influence of rhizome mass on the crop establishment and dry matter yield of Miscanthus×giganteus over ten seasons". Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 64, n. 1 (2019): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1901021d.

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Abstract (sommario):

The aim of the present investigation was to assess the influence of rhizome mass on the success of plantation establishment and biomass yield of the bioenergy crop M. ? giganteus during 10 years of cultivation. The experiment included three treatments with different rhizome masses: 10-20 g (very low); 25- 35 g (low), and 40-60 g (medium mass). Planting density was 2 rhizomes m-2. The plants were harvested by mowing of the whole above-ground biomass each year in February. Out of the total number of planted rhizomes, the lowest emergence was noticed in very low mass rhizomes. In the first season, the greatest number of stems and crop height were encountered under the treatment with the highest rhizome mass. In the second season, crop heights were almost equal in all treatments. During the first two seasons, the highest biomass yields were recorded under the treatments with the highest rhizome masses. Although the analyzed parameters were highest with the rhizomes of 40-60g during the crop establishing stage, starting from the third season of cultivation, high yields of above-ground biomass may be obtained also with lower mass rhizomes. Having the highest biomass yield (25.85?7.36 Mg DM ha-1), the crop established with rhizomes of 25-35 g clearly stood out.

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Landhäusser, S. M., K. J. Stadt, V. J. Lieffers e D. H. McNabb. "Rhizome growth of Calamagrostis canadensis in response to soil nutrients and bulk density". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76, n. 3 (1 luglio 1996): 545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps96-099.

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Abstract (sommario):

In a series of experiments, we investigated rhizome spread and the growth of C. canadensis, as governed by changes in soil bulk density and nutrient availability. The ability of rhizomes originating from vigorous Calamagrostis canadensis plants to penetrate mineral soil with different bulk densities and their response to various nutrient conditions were assessed in a split container experiment. Decreasing biomass and length of rhizomes with increasing soil bulk density showed that clonal expansion of C. canadensis onto areas of exposed mineral soil from adjacent swards was limited mainly by soil bulk density. No nutrient effect on rhizome growth was detectable; the rhizomes were probably well supplied with nutrients by translocation from the mother plant. Results of a second split container experiment indicated that rhizome growth was better in organic than in mineral soils. In a third experiment, entire C. canadensis plants were grown in mineral soil at different levels of soil bulk density and nutrient condition. Here, rhizome biomass and expansion were limited mainly by nutrient availability; however, once the nutritional needs of the plants were met, increasing bulk density reduced the amount of rhizome spread. These results could be useful in reforestation, e.g. selecting those methods of site preparation which reduce the growth and competitive ability of C. canadensis relative to tree seedlings. Key words: Compaction, rhizome, litter, mineral soil, yield, Calamagrostis canadensis

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Debnath*, Samir. "Growth and Development of Lingonberry Cultivars as Affected by In Vitro and Ex Vitro Culture Methods and Source Propagule". HortScience 39, n. 4 (luglio 2004): 891A—891. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.891a.

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Abstract (sommario):

The morphological development of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) plants propagated either by conventional softwood cuttings or by in vitro shoot proliferation from nodal explants or by shoot regeneration from excised leaves of micropropagated shoots, was studied in cultivars `Regal', `Splendor', and `Erntedank'. Significant differences were observed between the treatments. In vitro-derived plants produced more shoots branches and rhizomes in contrast to conventional cuttings which rarely produced rhizomes. Plants propagated from cuttings had a lower number but vigorous shoots and thicker rhizomes than in vitro-derived plants. Source propagule had significant effect on multiplication rate. Another experiment evaluated the effect of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) application to softwood cuttings on subsequent rooting, shoot development, and rhizome production. Treating cuttings with IBA did not significantly improve rhizome formation and elongation. In vitro culture on nutrient medium apparently induces the juvenile branching characteristics that favored rhizome production. The advantage of rhizome production of in vitro-derived plants over stem cuttings varied among genotypes.

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Juneau, Kevyn J., e Catherine S. Tarasoff. "The Seasonality of Survival and Subsequent Growth of Common Reed (Phragmites australis) Rhizome Fragments". Invasive Plant Science and Management 6, n. 1 (marzo 2013): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-12-00051.1.

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Abstract (sommario):

AbstractCommon reed [Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.] is an invasive plant that reproduces poorly by seed but regenerates vigorously by rhizomes. Because Phragmites australis propagates well through rhizome growth, invasion often occurs from transported rhizome tissue. We investigated both rhizome-fragment biomass and seasonal effects on survival and growth of ramets. Rhizomes were collected along roadside ditches during the fall of 2009 and 2010 and during the summer of 2010 and 2011. Fall and summer were chosen because the plants were either dormant or actively growing, respectively. Rhizomes were cut into fragments then grown in a greenhouse for 60 d in vermiculite with no added nutrients. Rhizomes collected in the fall had a survival rate of 71.1%, whereas only 15.6% of those collected in the summer survived. Within season, rhizomes with low initial biomass had lower survival rates and growth than did large rhizomes. There was no seasonal difference in the total biomass produced by the surviving plants; however, allocation of biomass did differ. Summer-collected rhizomes showed a higher belowground to aboveground biomass ratio than did those collected in the fall. Understanding the viability of Phragmites australis rhizome fragments provides land managers a greater awareness of the high-establishment risks of Phragmites australis. This information should be included in an integrated weed management program, and actions should be taken to reduce the spread of this weed during roadside maintenance. Although the risk of survival is lower during the summer, soil contaminated with Phragmites australis should not be transported or must be sifted with a screen to ensure all rhizome fragments are removed.

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Nurjamil, Aris Muhamad, Renandy Kristianlie Ekajaya, William Junino Saputro, Zaki Fahreza Sururi e Diah Kusumawaty. "Effectivity of Silver Nanoparticles-Temu Giring (Curcuma heyneana) Rhizome on Inhibiting the Growth of Bacteria Causing Nosocomial Infection". HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 31, n. 2 (15 novembre 2023): 284–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.31.2.284-292.

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Biofilms are a common cause of nosocomial infections that often attack hospitalized patients. The main objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of silver nanoparticles-temu giring rhizomes in combating bacteria and preventing biofilm formation. The antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of these nanoparticles were evaluated against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. The research began with the extraction of temu giring rhizome, synthesis of silver nanoparticles-temu giring rhizome, disk diffusion test, biofilm formation inhibitory activity test, and characterization of silver nanoparticles-temu giring rhizome. In this research, silver nanoparticles-temu giring rhizome were utilized at concentrations of 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 μg/ml, and a control in the form of chlorhexidine. The results showed that the silver nanoparticles-temu giring rhizome produced a larger inhibition zone for bacterial growth compared to the control against the three bacteria. The IC50 value of silver nanoparticles-temu giring rhizome required to inhibit biofilm formation was 27.64 μg/ml in E. coli, 29.29 μg/ml in P. aeruginosa, and 26.21 μg/ml in S. aureus. In P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and S. aureus, the IC50 for preventing biofilm formation by silver nanoparticles-temu giring rhizome was determined to be 27.64 μg/ml, 29.29 μg/ml, and 26.21 μg/ml, respectively. Evaluation of silver nanoparticles revealed the success of temu giring rhizomes in reducing silver ions. This is shown that silver nanoparticles-temu giring rhizomes can be developed into active ingredients that inhibit the growth of bacteria that cause nosocomial infections.

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Corr, Brian E., e Richard E. Widmer. "Paclobutrazol, Gibberellic Acid, and Rhizome Size Affect Growth and Flowering of Zantedeschia". HortScience 26, n. 2 (febbraio 1991): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.2.133.

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Growth and flowering of Zantedeschia elliottiana W. Wats. and Z. rehmannii Engl. were studied. Rhizomes of both species were produced either in a glasshouse or outdoors in California. Plants grown from glasshouse-produced rhizomes flowered within 90 days only when a preplant rhizome soak of 500 ppm GA, was applied. Control plants of both species flowered when grown from field-produced rhizomes, but a GA3 preplant rhizome soak significantly increased the number of flowers (spathe and spadix) produced. Paclobutrazol, applied as a preplant rhizome soak or as a soil drench when shoots were 2 to 3 cm long, significantly limited plant height of Z. rehmannii from either source if not treated with GA,. Paclobutrazol and GA, treatments interacted significantly to affect height and number of flowers of Z. rehmannii grown from field-produced rhizomes. Treatment with GA3 overcame the dwarfing effect of paclobutrazol, while paclobutrazol treatment limited flower production. Z. rehmannii rhizomes >6.5 cm in diameter produced more shoots and leaves than smaller rhizomes, regardless of GA3 treatment. Emergence, number of shoots, and number of leaves from Z. elliottiana were not significantly affected by the rhizome size-GA3 variable combination. Production of normal flowers was increased by GA3 treatment of all sizes of Z. rehmannii rhizomes except the smallest, with the most flowers being produced by plants from the largest rhizomes. Production of deformed flowers was greatest from rhizomes treated with 500 ppm GA3, with no deformed flowers on control plants.

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38

Hoque, MA, BK Bala, MA Hossain e M. Borhan Uddin. "Drying Kinetics Of Ginger Rhizome (Zingiber officinale)". Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 38, n. 2 (28 luglio 2013): 301–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i2.15892.

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This paper presents the drying kinetics of ginger rhizome under blanched and nonblanched conditions using hybrid solar dryer and mechanical tray dryer at three temperature levels. The drying rate increases with the increase in drying air temperature and blanching also increases the drying rate. The drying rate depends on shape and size of the ginger rhizomes. The highest drying rate was found for sliced samples of ginger rhizome followed by splitted and whole root samples. Five thin layer drying models were fitted to the experimental data of blanched and sliced ginger rhizomes. The Page equation was found to be the best to predict the moisture content of sliced ginger rhizome in thin layer. The agreement between the predicted and experimental results was excellent. Colour of ginger rhizomes was slightly changed after drying. Lightness of ginger rhizomes decreased with an increase in drying temperature for all samples except sliced and blanched samples. For drying of ginger rhizome, it should be sliced and blanched and dried below 70°C for better quality dried products. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(2): 301-319, June 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i2.15892

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Hartzler, Robert G., Art Gover e Joanne Stellingwerf. "Factors Affecting Winter Survival of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Rhizomes". Weed Technology 5, n. 1 (marzo 1991): 108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00033352.

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There were no differences in johnsongrass rhizome winter survival at central and southeastern locations in Pennsylvania in 1988 or 1989. At a 6-cm depth of burial, survival rates of 5 and 25% were found for rhizome segments 7.5 and 15.0 cm in length, respectively. Survival rates for rhizomes buried 25 cm averaged 86%, with no difference in survival between rhizome lengths. The majority of rhizome biomass produced by the biotype used in these studies was found at soil depths allowing a high percentage of survival.

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Mallik, A. U. "Ecology of a forest weed of Newfoundland: vegetative regeneration strategy of Kalmia angustifolia". Canadian Journal of Botany 71, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1993): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-018.

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The vegetative regeneration characteristics of Kalmia angustifolia were studied by examining the near ground and below-ground structures of the plant. Three methods of vegetative regeneration were observed in Kalmia: layering, stem-base sprouting, and rhizomatous growth, which make the plant more resilient than other ericaceous plants of similar stature following disturbance. Layering occurred only in tall old Kalmia of undisturbed habitats. Stem-base sprouting and rhizomatous growth were found to be the most common and most effective modes of vegetative regeneration. These methods were common in both disturbed and undisturbed habitats. Three types of rhizome systems, namely primary, secondary, and tertiary rhizomes, were identified and described for the first time in Kalmia. Secondary rhizomes were found to be the most effective organ for vegetative spread of the plant. Some secondary rhizomes may grow more than 1 m in one growing season. A 5-year-old Kalmia may produce, on average, 36 secondary rhizomes with a total length of 750 cm. Secondary rhizomes of Kalmia first grow horizontally, then come aboveground growing vertically and exhibiting apical dominance. Large numbers of dormant vegetative buds (three at each node) and adventitious roots are produced at the rhizome nodes. Transverse sections of current-year rhizome showed many trichomes. The cells of the pith are thick-walled and are characterized by large lysigenous cavities. The anatomy of axillary buds and leaf primordia of the aboveground stems of Kalmia were similar to buds and bud scales of the rhizome. Key words: Kalmia, disturbance, fire, regeneration strategy, rhizome, trichomes.

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Thakur, Dinesh, e Zuzana Münzbergová. "Rhizome trait scaling relationships are modulated by growth conditions and are linked to plant fitness". Annals of Botany 129, n. 5 (18 febbraio 2022): 529–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcac023.

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Abstract Background and Aims Rhizomes are important organs allowing many clonal plants to persist and reproduce under stressful climates with longer rhizomes, indicating enhanced ability of the plants to spread vegetatively. We do not, however, know either how rhizome construction costs change with increasing length or how they vary with environmental conditions. Methods We analysed the rhizome length vs. mass scaling relationship, the plasticity in the scaling relationships, their genetic basis and how scaling relationships are linked to plant fitness. We used data from 275 genotypes of a clonal grass Festuca rubra originating from 11 localities and cultivated under four contrasting climates. Data were analysed using standard major axis regression, mixed-effect regression models and a structural equation model. Key Results Rhizome construction costs increased (i.e. lower specific rhizome length) with increasing length. The trait scaling relationships were modulated by cultivation climate, and its effects also interacted with the climate of origin of the experimental plants. With increasing length, increasing moisture led to a greater increase in rhizome construction costs. Plants with lower rhizome construction costs showed significantly higher fitness. Conclusions This study suggests that rhizome scaling relationships are plastic, but also show genetic differentiation and are linked to plant fitness. Therefore, to persist under variable environments, modulation in scaling relationships could be an important plant strategy.

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Bessho-Uehara, Kanako, Jovano Erris Nugroho, Hirono Kondo, Rosalyn B. Angeles-Shim e Motoyuki Ashikari. "Sucrose affects the developmental transition of rhizomes in Oryza longistaminata". Journal of Plant Research 131, n. 4 (8 maggio 2018): 693–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10265-018-1033-x.

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Abstract Oryza longistaminata, the African wild rice, can propagate vegetatively through rhizomes. Rhizomes elongate horizontally underground as sink organs, however, they undergo a developmental transition that shifts their growth to the surface of the ground to become aerial stems. This particular stage is essential for the establishment of new ramets. While several determinants such as abiotic stimuli and plant hormones have been reported as key factors effecting developmental transition in aerial stem, the cause of this phenomenon in rhizome remains elusive. This study shows that depletion of nutrients, particularly sucrose, is the key stimulus that induces the developmental transition in rhizomes, as indicated by the gradient of sugars from the base to the tip of the rhizome. Sugar treatments revealed that sucrose specifically represses the developmental transition from rhizome to aerial stem by inhibiting the expression of sugar metabolism and hormone synthesis genes at the bending point. Sucrose depletion affected several factors contributing to the developmental transition of rhizome including signal transduction, transcriptional regulation and plant hormone balance.

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Corr, Brian E., e Richard E. Widmer. "Rhizome Storage Increases Growth of Zantedeschia elliottiana and Z. rehmannii". HortScience 23, n. 6 (dicembre 1988): 1001–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.23.6.1001.

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Abstract Zantedeschia elliottiana Engl. and Z. rehmannii W. Wats. rhizomes replanted immediately after leaf removal (without a period of storage) did not grow. Rhizomes replanted after leaf senescence, induced by withholding water, sprouted without an additional storage period, but height and number of leaves and shoots per rhizome were greater from rhizomes stored for ≥3 weeks. Rhizomes stored at 22°C for 6 weeks lost significantly more weight than rhizomes stored at 4° or 9°. Height and number of leaves and shoots per rhizome were greatest after 9° storage for both species, but differences were significant for Z. rehmannii only.

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Shukor, N. I. A., A. Misran, N. Saari, S. H. Ahmad e T. M. M. Mahmud. "Postharvest quality evaluation on the hot water-dipped Zingiber officinale rhizomes stored at low-temperature storage". Food Research 7, n. 4 (25 agosto 2023): 240–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.7(4).517.

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Storing ginger at chilling temperature will reduce its postharvest quality as they are prone to chilling injury (CI). Therefore, a study on hot-water dip treatment in alleviating CI in 'Bentong' ginger rhizome on physical and chemical properties was conducted. Fresh ginger rhizomes were harvested in the 9th month after planting. The fresh and cleaned rhizomes were hot-water treated at 45°C for 0, 5, 10 and 15 mins before being packed in a box and stored at 5°C for 0, 8 and 16 days. There was a significant interaction effect between dipping and storage durations on the physical and chemical properties of the rhizome. Exposed rhizome for 5, 10 and 15 mins was observed to maintain the ho and L* of the rhizome after storage at 5°C. The decreases in h° from yellow to slightly brown also indicated rhizome browning. Rhizome held at 45°C for 5 mins managed to reduce browning as compared to other durations. In addition, dipping for 15 mins resulted in a significant increase in total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and 6-gingerols. While 6-shogaols was maintained at 45°C for 5 mins. Preconditioning by the hot-water treatment could induce chilling tolerance upon storage at chilling temperature.

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Pate, JS, KA Meney e KW Dixon. "Contrasting Growth and Morphological Characteristics of Fire-Sensitive (Obligate Seeder) and Fire-Resistant (Resprouter) Species of Restionaceae (S Hemisphere Restiads) From South-Western Western-Australia". Australian Journal of Botany 39, n. 6 (1991): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9910505.

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Populations of south-western Australian members of the Restionaceae were examined in a wide range of wetland, seasonally inundated and dryland habitats over 4 years and the behaviour of 82 of the species authenticated according to whether they survived (resprouter strategy) or were killed (obligate seeder strategy) by fire. Material of the same seeder and resprouter species collected during summer or early autumn from habitats not burnt for at least 5 years was then used for morphometric measurements, observations on rhizome morphology, determinations of culm: rhizome dry weight (DW) ratios and assays of starch and sugars in rhizomes. Rhizome diameters of all 37 resprouters exceeded 2.3 mm while 28 of the 45 seeder species had narrow rhizomes in the range 0.2-2.1 mm. Culm : rhizome DW ratios of seeders (mean 12.3 ± s.e. 1.2) were much higher than those of resprouters (mean 2.9 ± s.e. 0.4). Mean ± position of perennating buds of seeders was mostly at or close to soil surface (-0.6 ± 0.2 cm), while that of resprouters was more deeply buried ( 2.8 ± s.e. 0.5 cm), Seven categories of rhizome morphology were recognised. Three of these (essentially tufted habit, rhizome growth ascending or erect) were much more typical of seeders (n = 37) than resprouters (n = 5). The other four categories included rhizomes of basically horizontal growth and a loosely tufted or widely spreading habit, and were collectively associated more with resprouters (n = 32) than seeders (n = 8). Starch was present at detectable levels in rhizomes of 23 species of resprouters (mean concentration ± s.e. DW for these positive species was 7.13 ± 1.62%) and only 3 seeders (0.16 ± 0.11%). Levels of total soluble sugars (mean ± s.e. DW) (predominantly sucrose, fructose and glucose) were 3.39 ± 0.59% in resprouters compared with 1.06 ± 0.19% in seeders. Data are discussed in relation to previous studies on seeder and resprouter representatives from other plant families.

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TUMMINAKATTI, ALTAF, B. Fakrudin, B. N. Maruthiprasad, Vishnuvardhana, G. J. Suresha, G. Manjunath e J. Venkatesha. "Genetic Divergence among On-farm Collections for Yield and Yield-related Traits in Ginger (Zingiber officinale R.)". International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 14, Oct, 10 (23 ottobre 2023): 1386–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2023.4843.

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The present investigation was carried out at the farmer’s field Neshwi village, Haveri District of Karnataka, India during kharif season (May, 2021 to January, 2022). The improvement of crop relies heavily on genetic diversity. The objective of the study was to assess the genetic divergence of 76 diverse genotypes of ginger collected from different parts of the Karnataka, India which including four checks. The genetic divergence of ginger genotypes was assessed using Mahalanobis D2 statistics. Genetic divergence studies revealed considerable genetic diversity among 76 genotypes of ginger for a set of ten quantitative traits pertaining to the growth and yield characters viz., height of the shoot (cm), leaf area (cm2), number of primary rhizomes, length of the primary rhizome (cm), girth of the primary rhizome (cm), number of secondary rhizomes, length of the secondary rhizome (cm), girth of the secondary rhizome (cm), crop duration (number of days) and rhizome yield plant-1 (g). Analysed 76 ginger genotypes were clustered based on similarities between their D2 values using Tocher’s method, resulting in 14 distinct groups. Considerable diversity within and between 14 clusters was observed among the genotypes. The characteristics such as average rhizome yield plant-1, girth of the primary rhizome and length of the primary rhizome were the main factors in differentiating the genotypes of ginger studied. Utilizing genotypes from clusters with high inter-cluster distances, such as clusters VI and XIII, VI and XIV and X and XIV can form potential pre-breeding material for the improvement of ginger crop.

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MELATI, MELATI, SATRIYAS ILYAS, ENDAH RETNO PALUPI e ANAS D. SUSILA. "KARAKTER FISIK DAN FISIOLOGIS JENIS RIMPANG SERTA KO RELASINYA DENGAN VIABILITAS BENIH JAHE PUTIH BESAR (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)". Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 21, n. 2 (19 giugno 2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v21n2.2015.89-98.

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ABSTRAKSalah satu kendala dalam produksi jahe putih besar (Zingiber treatments tested were five types of rhizomes, control (2-3 vegetative officinale Rosc.) adalah tingginya kebutuhan benih yaitu sekitar 2 juta ton buds), mother rhizome, primary rhizome, secondary rhizomes, and tertiary per ha. Efisiensi penggunaan benih tanaman telah dilakukan melalui penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menentukan karakter awal rimpang yang berhubungan/berkorelasi dengan viabilitas benih rimpang dan peluang perbanyakan jahe dengan menggunakan satu jenis rimpang. Percobaan ini dilaksanakan di rumah kaca dan laboratorium benih Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Bogor pada bulan Mei 2014 sampai Agustus 2014. Benih tanaman berasal dari jahe putih besar yang dipanen pada umur 9 bulan. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji yaitu lima jenis rimpang yaitu kontrol (2-3 propagul), rimpang induk, rimpang primer, rimpang sekunder, dan rimpang tersier. Pengamatan karakteristik awal rimpang/mutu fisik (bobot, diamater, panjang dan kekerasan) dilakukan terhadap masing-masing jenis rimpang. Mutu kimia meliputi kadar pati, kadar serat, kadar air, kandungan hormon GA3 dan hormon IAA serta laju respirasi. Peubah yang diamati untuk menduga viabilitas benih yaitu daya tumbuh yang diukur 1 BST (bulan setelah tanam). Viabilitas potensial benih yaitu tinggi tunas, jumlah tunas, jumlah daun, bobot kering tunas, bobot basah rimpang, bobot kering rimpang, panjang akar bobot kering akar diamati pada 1,5 BST. Data awal (karakter fisik dan fisiologis rimpang) dikorelasikan dengan viabilitas benih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar pati berkorelasi positif dengan viabilitas benih (daya tumbuh). Viabilitas benih berkorelasi negatif dengan karakter fisik rimpang (bobot, kekerasan, dan diameter). Rimpang induk mempunyai kadar pati dan kekerasan yang tinggi. Kontrol yang selama ini digunakan sebagai kriteria benih mempunyai daya tumbuh rendah. Efisiensi penggunaan rimpang dapat dilakukan menggunakan satu jenis rimpang (satu propagul). Rimpang induk, primer, sekunder dan tersier yang terdiri atas satu propagul dengan bobot rimpang antara 20 dan 40 g dapat digunakan sebagai sumber benih.Kata kunci: Zingiber officinale Rosc, efisiensi benih, jenis rimpang, korelasi, viabilitas benih Correlation Among Physical, Physiological Characters of Rhizome Type and Viability of Large White Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)ABSTRACTOne of the problems in the large white ginger production of (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is high requirement for seed rhizome (± 2 ton per ha). Efficiency of propagation material has been carried out through research that aims to determine the initial character of rhizome related to seed viability of ginger rhizome and opportunity’s of propagation using one type of rhizome. This experiment was conducted in the greenhouse and laboratory of Seed Research Institute for Spices and Medicinal Crops, Bogor from May 2014 to August 2014. The plant material derived from a large white ginger is harvested 9 months after planting. The design used was a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments tested were five types of rhizomes, secondary rhizomes, and tertiary rhizomes. Observations baseline characteristics of rhizomes /physical characters (weight, diameter, length and hardness) carried out on each type of rhizome. Physiological characters (starch content, fiber content, water content, GA3, IAA and respiration rate). Viability (growth ability) was observed at 1 MAP (month after planting). Potential viability (sprout height, number of shoots, number of leaves, dry weight of shoots, rhizomes wet weight, dry weight of rhizomes, root length root dry weight) were observed at 1.5 MAP. The physical, physiological characters and viability observations were subjected to correlation. The results showed that starch content positive significant correlation with viability (growth ability). Viability was negative significant correlation with physical character of rhizome (weight, hardness, and diameter). Mother rhizome has high starch content and high hardness. Efficiency of seeds can be done by using single rhizome (one propagule) as propagation material, with rhizome weight ± 20 - 40g.Keywords: Zingiber officinale Rosc, seed efisiensi, rhizome type, correlation, viability

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Ivany, Jerry A. "Effect of Rhizome Depth in Soil on Emergence and Growth of Field Mint (Mentha arvensis)". Weed Technology 11, n. 1 (marzo 1997): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x0004149x.

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Field mint is widespread on Prince Edward Island and has become a problem in the production of cereal grains, potatoes, and other crops. Studies were conducted to determine if deep burial of the rhizome could be used as a control method. Rhizome pieces measuring 2.5, 5.0, or 10.0 cm in length were hand-buried in soil at depths of 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, or 20.0 cm in the spring. As planting depth increased, shoot emergence was delayed and fewer shoots emerged throughout the season. The smallest rhizome of 2.5 cm produced the fewest shoots during the season, but larger rhizomes (5.0 or 10.0 cm long) produced greater amounts of shoot and rhizome dry weights than smaller rhizomes. Deep burial of field mint to 20.0 cm by inversion plowing could be used as a means of field mint control, especially in early planted competitive crops that close canopy quickly.

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Furutani, Sheldon C., Jed Villanueva e Michael J. Tanabe. "Effect of Ethephon and Heat on the Growth and Yield of Edible Ginger". HortScience 20, n. 3 (giugno 1985): 392–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.20.3.392.

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Abstract Preplant soak application of ethephon at 750 ppm in combination with a 51°C water soak for 10 min to ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe ‘Chinese’) rhizomes increased shoot number by 122% after 16 wk and rhizome weight by 38% at harvest, compared to 21° water-soaked rhizomes. The increase in rhizome weight was correlated with number of shoots per plant. Chemical names used: (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon).

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Palmer, Nathan A., Gautam Sarath, Michael J. Bowman, Aaron J. Saathoff, Serge J. Edmé, Robert B. Mitchell, Christian M. Tobias, Soundararajan Madhavan, Erin D. Scully e Scott E. Sattler. "Divergent Metabolic Changes in Rhizomes of Lowland and Upland Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) from Early Season through Dormancy Onset". Plants 12, n. 8 (21 aprile 2023): 1732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12081732.

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High-biomass-yielding southerly adapted switchgrasses (Panicum virgatum L.) frequently suffer from unpredictable winter hardiness at more northerly sites arising from damage to rhizomes that prevent effective spring regrowth. Previously, changes occurring over the growing season in rhizomes sampled from a cold-adapted tetraploid upland cultivar, Summer, demonstrated a role for abscisic acid (ABA), starch accumulation, and transcriptional reprogramming as drivers of dormancy onset and potential keys to rhizome health during winter dormancy. Here, rhizome metabolism of a high-yielding southerly adapted tetraploid switchgrass cultivar, Kanlow—which is a significant source of genetics for yield improvement—was studied over a growing season at a northern site. Metabolite levels and transcript abundances were combined to develop physiological profiles accompanying greening through the onset of dormancy in Kanlow rhizomes. Next, comparisons of the data to rhizome metabolism occurring in the adapted upland cultivar Summer were performed. These data revealed both similarities as well as numerous differences in rhizome metabolism that were indicative of physiological adaptations unique to each cultivar. Similarities included elevated ABA levels and accumulation of starch in rhizomes during dormancy onset. Notable differences were observed in the accumulation of specific metabolites, the expression of genes encoding transcription factors, and several enzymes linked to primary metabolism.

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