Articoli di riviste: "Reverse osmosis process"

1

Mann, J. "Reverse osmosis/ultrafiltration process principles". Chemical Engineering Journal 36, n. 3 (novembre 1987): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9467(87)80029-1.

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Ohya, H., K. Yajima e R. Miyashita. "Design of reverse osmosis process". Desalination 63 (gennaio 1987): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(87)90045-2.

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Salahudeen, Nurudeen. "Process simulation of modelled reverse osmosis for desalination of seawater". Water Practice and Technology 17, n. 1 (21 dicembre 2021): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2021.127.

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Abstract Model equations for prediction of process parameters of reverse osmosis for desalination of seawater were developed via mathematical derivation from basic equations for the reverse osmosis process. A model equation relating the interfacial solute concentration () with the process pressure difference () was developed. Taking the of reverse osmosis as the basic independent variable, further model equations relating other process parameters such as the solute concentration polarity , water flux , osmotic pressure , water output rate (q), power density (Pd) and specific energy consumption (SEC) were developed. Simulation of hypothetical reverse osmosis data using Microsoft Excel Worksheet and Microsoft Windows 10 on a 64-bit operating system was carried out. Simulation results showed that the optimum fluid bulk concentration was = 0.0004 mole/cm3. The optimum rate of increase in the solute rejection factor per unit rise in ΔP was 0.45%. The optimum solute rejection factor was 97.6%. The optimum water output rate, specific energy consumption and power density were 103.2 L/h, 3.65 kWh/m3 and 6.09 W/m2, respectively.

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Tanaka, Yuji, Yohito Ito, Shigehisa Hanada e Tamotsu Kitade. "Environmental Friendly Seawater Reverse Osmosis Process". membrane 40, n. 2 (2015): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5360/membrane.40.86.

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Kimura, Shoji. "Transport Phenomena in Reverse Osmosis Process." membrane 21, n. 1 (1996): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5360/membrane.21.2.

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Chong, Tzyy Haur, Siew-Leng Loo e William B. Krantz. "Energy-efficient reverse osmosis desalination process". Journal of Membrane Science 473 (gennaio 2015): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2014.09.005.

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7

Meares, P. "Reverse osmosis/ultra filtration process principles". Chemical Engineering Science 41, n. 9 (1986): 2453–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(86)85104-1.

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Abdella, Dana L. "Reverse Osmosis Desalination". Marine Technology and SNAME News 31, n. 03 (1 luglio 1994): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1994.31.3.195.

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Reverse osmosis (RO) desalination is a method of producing fresh water from seawater by a process similar to filtration, rather than by traditional evaporative distillation. A semipermeable membrane allows water molecules to pass through while blocking the passage of most other ions. The qualities of RO which make it attractive for naval and marine applications are its ability to operate on electric power alone, requiring no heat source; its comparatively low system weight to other methods of freshwater production at sea; and its ability to operate automatically, requiring minimal operator attention. RO's high operational reliability has contributed to its gain in popularity in recent years. RO is used for freshwater production in commercial industry and surface ship applications worldwide. The following research paper discusses RO desalination and presents RO as an alternative to conventional distillation for naval and marine use.

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Mohammed, Hiba A., Dawood E. Sachit e Mustafa Al-Furaiji. "APPLICATIONS AND CHALLENGES OF THE REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANE PROCESS: A REVIEW". Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development 27, n. 5 (1 settembre 2023): 630–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.27.5.6.

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Reverse osmosis is one of the most prevalent methods of generating potable water owing to its low power usage, excellent rates of contaminant removal, simple design, large output capacity, and much cheaper initial and maintenance costs than comparable alternatives. In this review, the most important published research related to the reverse osmosis process was reviewed. It was found that the majority of reported studies were related to using the reverse osmosis process for water desalination and wastewater treatment. Research has proven that the reverse osmosis process is a very effective method for desalinating water and treating industrial effluent containing heavy metals, organics, and other pollutants. Fouling was found to be one of the greatest obstacles encountered by the reverse osmosis method in water treatment, which raises operating costs due to the need for frequent cleaning, reduces the membrane's lifespan, and reduces the permeate flux. In general, microfiltration/ultrafiltration pretreatment and backwashing were among the most effective strategies suggested by researchers to reduce fouling and ensure the longevity and proper operation of the system.

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Saavedra, A., G. Bertoni, D. Fajner e G. C. Sarti. "Reverse osmosis treatment of process water streams". Desalination 82, n. 1-3 (agosto 1991): 249–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(91)85192-w.

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Maqbool, Nida. "A Short Review on Reverse Osmosis Membranes: Fouling and Control". Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics 2, n. 2 (2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000122.

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Reverse Osmosis (RO) is the process of separating dissolved salts from water with the help of semipermeable membranes. Membrane based solution are now widely accepted technology to combat safe drinking water shortage. Reverse osmosis has increasing market shares due to reduced cost and improvements in the process. This paper reviews the major issue of fouling that is faced during operation of RO and ways to regulate them. Fouling is categorized into many classes and the control is discussed respectively. It also discusses basics of RO, modular arrangements for RO membranes as well as multiple options for pretreatment which is a mandatory requirement of the process. Final discussion is the ways to consider while disposing of brine.

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Kurihara, Masaru. "Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination". Membranes 11, n. 4 (29 marzo 2021): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11040243.

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Al-Alalawy, Ahmed Faiq, Talib Rashid Abbas e Hadeer Kadhim Mohammed. "Comparative Study for Organic and Inorganic Draw Solutions in Forward Osmosis". Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal 13, n. 1 (31 marzo 2017): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22153/kej.2017.08.007.

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The present work aims to study forward osmosis process using different kinds of draw solutions and membranes. Three types of draw solutions (sodium chloride, sodium formate, and sodium acetate) were used in forward osmosis process to evaluate their effectiveness with respect to water flux and reverse salt flux. Experiments conducted in a laboratory-scale forward osmosis (FO) unit in cross flow flat sheet membrane cell. Three types of membranes (Thin film composite (TFC), Cellulose acetate (CA), and Cellulose triacetate (CTA)) were used to determine the water flux under osmotic pressure as a driving force. The effect of temperature, draw solution concentration, feed and draw solution flow rate, and membrane types, were studied with respect to water flux. The results showed an increase in water flux with increasing feed temperature and draw solution concentrations In addition, the flux increased with increasing feed flow rate while the flux was inversely proportional with the draw solution flow rate. The results showed that reverse osmosis membranes (TFC and CA) are not suitable for using in FO process due to the relatively obtained low water flux when compared with the flux obtained by forward osmosis membrane (CTA). NaCl draw solution gave higher water flux than other draw solutions and at the same time, revealed higher reverse salt flux.

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Khramtsov, A. G. "Technological breakthrough of the agrarian-and-food innovations in dairy case for example of universal agricultural raw materials. Reverse osmosis". Agrarian-And-Food Innovations 14 (29 giugno 2021): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31208/2618-7353-2021-14-7-20.

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Aim. Consideration of the membrane technology process – reverse osmosis – by directed and controlled processing of whey and its filtrates through special semipermeable partitions (filter membranes) with a pore size from 0.1 to 1.0 nm, carried out at a pressure of 3.0 - 10.0 MPa with the release of particles (cutting off) with a molecular weight of 100 Daltons. Reverse osmosis allows you to concentrate all the compounds of whey and filtrates, separating almost distilled water (condensate). Discussion. In the molecular sieve separation system, reverse osmosis logically continues the membrane treatment of filtrates (permeates) of native, as well as separated whey and their microfiltrates, ultrafiltrates, nanofiltrates and diafiltrates. In principle, the reverse osmosis process should be implemented to pre-concentrate the whey, which will eliminate its loss (draining) and expand the range of use. OO is promising for processing salted whey with the removal of unwanted sodium chloride, as well as for cleaning the condensate of evaporation plants from the components of dairy raw materials that come with foam and secondary steam. Conclusion. In general, for the dairy industry of the food industry of the agro-industrial complex, reverse osmotic treatment is necessary for the implementation of a closed production cycle with a recycled water supply.

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Vyas, Prabhanshu, e Smriti G. Solomon. "Knowledge regarding reverse osmosis (R.O) waste water utilization among general public in urban areas". Southeast Asian Journal of Case Report and Review 10, n. 1 (15 marzo 2023): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.sajcrr.2023.003.

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Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification process that uses a partial permeable membrane to remove ions, unwanted molecules and larger particles from drinking water. In reverse osmosis, an applied pressure is used to overcome osmotic pressure, a colligative property that is driven by chemical potential differences of the solvent, a thermodynamic parameter. In the process of reverse osmosis the amount of water that is drained is a concern area for the people using the R.O. filtration device in their household because it wasted about 70% of the water to purify just one liter of water. This R.O. waste water can be utilized for various purposes such as washing vehicle like car bike etc, cleaning toilet this study is aimed to assess the knowledge reverse osmosis waste water utilization among general public at Indore.1.To assess the pretest knowledge regarding reverse osmosis (R.O) waste water utilization among general public. 2. To assess the posttest knowledge regarding reverse osmosis waste water utilization among general public. 3. To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching program on reverse osmosis (R.O) waste water utilization among general public.H1- there will be significant difference between pretest and posttest knowledge who received structured teaching program regarding the utilization of waste R.O water.Quantitative, pre-experimental, one group pretest posttest design was adopted for the study. Total of 60 general public selected by using simple randomized sampling technique was used. Structured knowledge questionnaire. Data was analyzes using descriptive and inferential statistics. In the pre-test majority of the sample (44 out of 60, 73.3%) had inadequate knowledge and in the post-test, majority (54 out of 60, 90%) had adequate knowledge regarding reverse osmosis. A paired‘t’ test was done and it showed a‘t’ value of 22.34 at 0.05 level of significance, this indicates the effectiveness of structured teaching programme in enhancing the knowledge of the general public. There was no association found between the mean pre-test knowledge of the general public. There was no association found between the mean pre-test knowledge scorer with the selected socio-demographic variable such as age (χ2 = 8.643), gender (χ2 = 4.455), education qualification (χ2 = 4.706), Occupation (χ2 = 2.531), number of family member (χ2 = 5.653) and previous knowledge about reverse osmosis filter water (χ2 =0.393). There is a significant difference between the mean pre-test and post-test knowledge score among general public regarding reverse osmosis waste water utilization.

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Madaeni, S. S., e H. Daneshvar. "The concentrating of alizarin using a reverse osmosis process". Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 70, n. 1 (2005): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0501107m.

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Membrane technologies in general and reverse osmosis in particular have been employed for the concentrating of solutions. In this study, the concentrating of a heat sensitive alizarin extracted from madder root was realized using an FT30 reverse osmosis membrane. The effects of cross flow velocity, transmembrane pressure and pH on the flux and rejection were studied. Increasing the transmembrane pressure increased the flux while the rejection was constant. At pH 7-8, the highest flux was achieved. This study showed that reverse osmosis is the process of choice for the concentrating of alizarin solutions. The optimum operating conditions were 1.0 m/s cross flow velocity, 16 bars transmembrane pressure and pH 7. The system was tested for 12 h without severe fouling problems.

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Kumargaurao, D. Punase. "A review of reverse osmosis process for seawater desalination". i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology 18, n. 1 (2022): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jfet.18.1.19024.

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The freshwater availability in many regions of the world has been a rising concern for the last few decades due to disturbing increase in population, urbanization, and industrial advancement. As water consumption is increasing year by year, the obvious solution to the freshwater shortage is to increase its supply. Desalination has been a prominent process to produce fresh water in numerous water-stressed regions to counteract the water shortage issues. Amongst the various desalination methods, the reverse osmosis method is used for generating fresh water from saline or brackish water by removing salts to make it suitable for human utilization, agriculture, and industrial purposes. In the present study, a systematic review of the seawater reverse osmosis process is presented to address the developments in the pretreatment, membrane, and post-treatment processes of reverse osmosis.

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dos Santos Gomes, Flávia, Priscila Albuquerque da Costa, Maria Beatriz Domingues de Campos, Sônia Couri e Lourdes Maria Corrêa Cabral. "Concentration of watermelon juice by reverse osmosis process". Desalination and Water Treatment 27, n. 1-3 (marzo 2011): 120–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2011.2073.

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Emad, Ali, A. Ajbar e I. Almutaz. "Periodic control of a reverse osmosis desalination process". Journal of Process Control 22, n. 1 (gennaio 2012): 218–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2011.09.001.

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Ning, Robert Y. "Reverse osmosis process chemistry relevant to the Gulf". Desalination 123, n. 2-3 (ottobre 1999): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-9164(99)00069-7.

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Song, Lianfa, Seungkwan Hong, J. Y. Hu, S. L. Ong e W. J. Ng. "Simulations of Full-Scale Reverse Osmosis Membrane Process". Journal of Environmental Engineering 128, n. 10 (ottobre 2002): 960–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2002)128:10(960).

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Mccray, S. B., e Roderick J. Ray. "Concentration of Synfuel Process Condensates by Reverse Osmosis". Separation Science and Technology 22, n. 2-3 (febbraio 1987): 745–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496398708068979.

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Ning, Robert Y., e Thomas L. Troyer. "Tandom reverse osmosis process for zero-liquid discharge". Desalination 237, n. 1-3 (febbraio 2009): 238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.11.060.

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Binger, Zachary M., e Andrea Achilli. "Forward osmosis and pressure retarded osmosis process modeling for integration with seawater reverse osmosis desalination". Desalination 491 (ottobre 2020): 114583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2020.114583.

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Panda, Rames C., e S. Sobana. "Parameter Estimation of Reverse Osmosis Process Model for Desalination". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 11, n. 6 (5 novembre 2013): 2668–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v11i6.3042.

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The present work pertains to modelling and identification of seawater desalination system using reverse osmosis. Initially the manipulated variable (feed pressure and recycle ratio) and the measured variables (flowrate, concentration and pH of permeate) are identified from reverse osmosis desalination system. The model of reverse osmosis was developed from the first principle approach using the mass balance equation (taking into consideration effect of concentration polarisation) from which the transfer function model was developed. The parameters of multi-input multi-output model are identified using the autoregressive exogenous linear identification technique. The states of the process model were also estimated using Kalman filter and parameters are identified by nonlinear least square (NNLS) algorithm. The plantâ€™s data of spiral wound model are given as input to all the identification methods. The results obtained from the predicted and the linear models are in good agreement with these obtained for the same plant data.

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Huliienko, S. V., Y. M. Korniyenko, S. M. Muzyka e K. Holubka. "Simulation of Reverse Osmosis Process: Novel Approaches and Development Trends". Journal of Engineering Sciences 9, n. 2 (2022): F6—F36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/jes.2022.9(2).f2.

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Reverse osmosis is an essential technological separation process that has a large number of practical applications. The mathematical simulation is significant for designing and determining the most effective modes of membrane equipment operation and for a deep understanding of the processes in membrane units. This paper is an attempt at systematization and generalizing the results of the investigations dedicated to reverse osmosis simulation, which was published from 2011 to 2020. The main approaches to simulation were analyzed, and the scope of use of each of them was delineated. It was defined that computational fluid dynamics was the most used technique for reverse osmosis simulation; the intensive increase in using of molecular dynamics methods was pointed out. Since these two approaches provide the deepest insight into processes, it is likely that they will further be widely used for reverse osmosis simulations. At the same time, for the simulation of the membrane plant, it is reasonable to use the models that required the simplest solutions methods. The solution-diffusion model appears to be the most effective and flexible for these purposes. Therefore, this model was widely used in considering the period. The practical problems solved using each of the considered approaches were reviewed. Moreover, the software used for the solution of the mathematical models was regarded.

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Kovrigina, Tatyana V., Kamilla K. Khakimbolatova e Tulegen K. Chalov. "Steam condensate purification by the electromagnetic treatment method". Kazakhstan journal for oil & gas industry 6, n. 2 (12 luglio 2024): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54859/kjogi108717.

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Background: This study is aimed at reducing liquid waste in the process of reverse osmotic demineralization of water using an electromagnetic treatment. A side effect of this is the deposition of salts on the reverse osmotic membranes used, which reduces their service life. This leads to a decrease in the performance of the equipment, and, respectively, the membranes used are subjected to further flushing or replacement. The article presents data on long-term tests conducted by Pavlodar Petrochemical Plant LLP on the effectiveness of electromagnetic treatment technology in the process of reverse osmotic purification of water vapor condensate to ensure a minimum volume of concentrate (brine) of no more than 10% and to prevent intensive salt deposition on reverse osmotic membranes. Aim: Investigate the possibility of using an electromagnetic treatment device to extend the service life of reverse osmotic membranes during steam condensate purification of Pavlodar Petrochemical Plant LLP. Materials and methods: For this study, "Termite" electronic hardness salt converter was used, which treats water with electromagnetic waves and not only prevents the formation of scale, but also removes the scale already present in the equipment. Findings: After being treated with an electromagnetic treatment device in the reverse osmosis process, samples of treated water showed a decrease in total salt content to 1.26 mg/kg and iron content from 84 to 10 µg/dm³. At the same time, the water's pH virtually stayed the same. The specific electrical conductivity of steam condensate was found to be 5.0 microns/cm, which corresponds to a value that does not exceed the required standards. Conclusion: Tests on steam condensate purification carried out by the Pavlodar Petrochemical Plant using pulsed electromagnetic treatment in the reverse osmosis process showed a positive result in reducing the total salt content, in particular iron, as well as water hardness.

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Tu, Qingsong, Tiange Li, Ao Deng, Kevin Zhu, Yifei Liu e Shaofan Li. "A scale-up nanoporous membrane centrifuge for reverse osmosis desalination without fouling". TECHNOLOGY 06, n. 01 (marzo 2018): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2339547818500024.

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A scale-up nanoporous membrane centrifuge is designed and modeled. It can be used for nanoscale scale separation including reverse osmosis desalination. There are micron-size pores on the wall of the centrifuge and nanoscale pores on local graphene membrane patches that cover the micron-size pores. In this work, we derived the critical angular velocity required to counter-balance osmosis force, so that the reverse-osmosis (RO) desalination process can proceed. To validate this result, we conducted a large scale (four million atoms) full atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to examine the critical angular velocity required for reverse osmosis at nanoscale. It is shown that the analytical results derived based on fluid mechanics and the simulation results observed in MD simulation are consistent and well matched. The main advantage of such nanomaterial based centrifuge is its intrinsic anti-fouling ability to clear [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] ions accumulated at the vicinity of the pores due to the Coriolis effect. Analyses have been conducted to study the relation between osmotic pressure, centrifugal pressure, and water permeability.

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M., Skala, Kůs P., Kotowski J. e Kořenková H. "Application of reverse osmosis at NPP and verification of the process for primary coolant treatment in temelín nuclear power". Nuclear Science and Technology 7, n. 2 (1 settembre 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.53747/jnst.v7i2.105.

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Drained primary coolant from nuclear power plants containing boric acid is currently treated in the system of evaporators and by ion exchangers. Reverse osmosis as an alternative process to evaporator was investigated. Using reverse osmosis, the feed primary coolant is separated into two output streams: retentate and permeate. Retentate stream consists of concentrated boric acid solution together with other components, while permeate stream consists of purified water. In the first phase ofthe project the reverse osmosis modules from several manufactures were tested on a batch laboratory apparatus. Certain modifications to the pH of the feed solution were needed to enable the tested membranes to concentrate the H3BO3 in the retentate stream, separate from the pure water in the permeate stream. Furthermore, the separation capability for other compounds present in primary coolant such as K, Li or NH3 were evaluated. In the final phase of the project the pilot-plant unit of reverse osmosis was tested in nuclear power plant Temelín. It was installed in the Special Purification System SVO-6 for the regeneration of boric acid. The aim of the tests performed in Temelín nuclear power plant was to verify possible use of reverse osmosis for the treatment of primary coolant.

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Cao, Da-Qi, Kai Tang, Wen-Yu Zhang, Cheng Chang, Jia-Lin Han, Feng Tian e Xiao-Di Hao. "Calcium Alginate Production through Forward Osmosis with Reverse Solute Diffusion and Mechanism Analysis". Membranes 13, n. 2 (8 febbraio 2023): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13020207.

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Calcium alginate (Ca-Alg) is a novel target product for recovering alginate from aerobic granular sludge. A novel Ca-Alg production method was proposed herein where Ca-Alg was formed in a sodium alginate (SA) feed solution (FS) and concentrated via forward osmosis (FO) with Ca2+ reverse osmosis using a draw solution of CaCl2. An abnormal reverse solute diffusion was observed, with the average reverse solute flux (RSF) decreasing with increasing CaCl2 concentrations, while the average RSF increased with increasing alginate concentrations. The RSF of Ca2+ in FS decreased continuously as the FO progressed, using 1.0 g/L SA as the FS, while it increased initially and later decreased using 2.0 and 3.0 g/L SA as the FS. These results were attributed to the Ca-Alg recovery production (CARP) formed on the FO membrane surface on the feed side, and the percentage of Ca2+ in CARP to total Ca2+ reverse osmosis reached 36.28%. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy also verified CARP existence and its Ca2+ content. The thin film composite FO membrane with a supporting polysulfone electrospinning nanofiber membrane layer showed high water flux and RSF of Ca2+, which was proposed as a novel FO membrane for Ca-Alg production via the FO process with Ca2+ reverse diffusion. Four mechanisms including molecular sieve role, electrification of colloids, osmotic pressure of ions in CARP, and FO membrane structure were proposed to control the Ca-Alg production. Thus, the results provide further insights into Ca-Alg production via FO along with Ca2+ reverse osmosis.

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Choi, Yong-Jun, Tae-Mun Hwang, Hyunje Oh, Sook-Hyun Nam, Sangho Lee, Jei-cheol Jeon, Sang Jong Han e Yonkyu Chung. "Development of a simulation program for the forward osmosis and reverse osmosis process". Desalination and Water Treatment 33, n. 1-3 (settembre 2011): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2011.2652.

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Choi, Yongjun, Yonghyun Shin, Hyeongrak Cho, Yongsun Jang, Tae-Mun Hwang e Sangho Lee. "Economic evaluation of the reverse osmosis and pressure retarded osmosis hybrid desalination process". Desalination and Water Treatment 57, n. 55 (20 giugno 2016): 26680–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2016.1190114.

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Bitaw, Tewodros Nigatu, Kiho Park e Dae Ryook Yang. "Optimization on a new hybrid Forward osmosis-Electrodialysis-Reverse osmosis seawater desalination process". Desalination 398 (novembre 2016): 265–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.07.032.

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Kim, Jihye, Jijung Lee e Joon Ha Kim. "Overview of pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) process and hybrid application to sea water reverse osmosis process". Desalination and Water Treatment 43, n. 1-3 (aprile 2012): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2012.672170.

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Rassoul, G. A. R., Ahmed Faiq Al – Alawy e Woodyian Nahedth Khudair. "Reduction of Concentrating Poisonous Metallic Radicals from Industrial Wastewater by Forward and Reverse Osmosis". Journal of Engineering 18, n. 07 (21 luglio 2023): 784–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2012.07.02.

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The research aims to use a new technology for industrial water concentrating that contains poisonous metals and recovery quantities from pure water. Therefore, the technology investigated is the forward osmosis process (FO). It is a new process that use membranes available commercial and this process distinguishes by its low cost compared to other process. Sodium chloride (NaCl) was used as draw solution to extract water from poisonous metals solution. The driving force in the FO process is provided by a different in osmotic pressure (concentration) across the membrane between the draw and poisonous metals solution sides. Experimental work was divided into three parts. The first part includes operating the forward osmosis process using TFC membrane as flat sheet for NaCl. The operating parameters studied were: draw solutions concentration (10 – 95 g/l), draw solution flow rate (12-36 I/h), temperature of draw solution (30 and 40°C), feed solution concentration (10 -210 mg/l), feed solution flow rate (10 -50 l/h), temperature of feed solution (30 and 40°C) and Pressure (0.4 bar). The second part includes operating the forward osmosis process using CTA membrane as flat sheet for NaCl. The operating parameters studied were: draw solution concentration (15 – 95 g/l), feed solution concentration (10-210 mg/l). Constant temperature was maintained at 30°C. The last part includes operating the reverse osmosis process using TFC membrane as spiral wound module in order to separate NaCl salt from draw solution and obtain on pure water so as to usefully in different uses and also obtain on solution of NaCl concentrate which was recirculated to forward osmosis process. It is then used as draw solution. The operating parameter studied was: feed solution flow rate (15-55 l/h). The experimental results show that the water flux increases with increasing draw solution concentration, feed solution flow rate, temperature of draw solution and decreases with increasing feed solution concentration, draw solution flow rate and temperature of feed solution. The experiments also show that CTA membrane gives higher water flux than TFC membrane for forward osmosis operation.

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Jabri, Hasna Al, e S. Feroz. "The Effect of Combining TiO2 and ZnO in the Pretreatment of Seawater Reverse Osmosis Process". International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 6, n. 4 (2015): 348–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijesd.2015.v6.616.

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37

Hadadian, Zeinab, Sina Zahmatkesh, Mostafa Ansari, Ali Haghighi e Eskandar Moghimipour. "Mathematical and experimental modeling of reverse osmosis (RO) process". Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 38, n. 2 (12 gennaio 2021): 366–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11814-020-0697-9.

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38

Thaçi, B. S., S. T. Gashi e F. I. Podvorica. "Preparation of heterogeneous reverse osmosis membranes undergoing modification process". DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 118 (2018): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2018.22619.

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39

McFall, Charles W., Panagiotis D. Christofides, Yoram Cohen e James F. Davis. "FAULT-TOLERANT CONTROL OF A REVERSE OSMOSIS DESALINATION PROCESS". IFAC Proceedings Volumes 40, n. 5 (2007): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20070606-3-mx-2915.00145.

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40

Taufany, Fadlilatul, Rahmasari Nur Setyono, Abdul Wasi, I. Wayan Restu Surya Krishna, Yeni Rahmawati, Ali Altway, Susianto e Siti Nurkhamidah. "Pretreatment Process on Reverse Osmosis Brine as Electrodialysis Feed". Engineering Innovations 3 (1 settembre 2022): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-g0witu.

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Abstract (sommario):

Reverse Osmosis (RO) Brine is waste generated from the desalination process using the RO method. RO Brine is generally directly thrown back into the sea, even though it has the potential to be reprocessed because it still contains a variety of ions in it. The best method in RO Brine processing is Electrodialysis. But it has a problem of decreased membrane performance caused by the formation of fouling. The fouling problem can be overcome by doing a pretreatment process to eliminate impurities contained in RO Brine, one of which is Ca2+. The existence of Ca2+ can trigger the formation of CaSO4 deposits. Therefore, it needs excess reagent Na2CO3 with a certain amount to eliminate the whole Ca2+. Currently, it isn’t yet known the best pretreatment conditions that can eliminate impurities ions and produce high concentrations of NaCl. Pretreatment trials are needed in various variations of reagents amount to reduce impurities. The purpose of this study is to find out the best RO Brine pretreatment process that will later be used for the electrodialysis process to produce high NaCl recovery. The best results were obtained in the pretreatment process with variations NaOH excesses by 15% and Na2CO3 by 30% from the ideal stoichiometry.

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41

Dologlu, Pelin, e Hasan Sildir. "Data driven identification of industrial reverse osmosis membrane process". Computers & Chemical Engineering 161 (maggio 2022): 107782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2022.107782.

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42

Chung, Jinwook, e Jong-Oh Kim. "Wastewater treatment using membrane bioreactor and reverse osmosis process". Desalination and Water Treatment 51, n. 25-27 (25 marzo 2013): 5298–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.768769.

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43

Taniguchi, M. "Boron reduction performance of reverse osmosis seawater desalination process". Journal of Membrane Science 183, n. 2 (1 marzo 2001): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0376-7388(00)00596-2.

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44

Song, Lianfa, J. Y. Hu, S. L. Ong, W. J. Ng, Menachem Elimelech e Mark Wilf. "Performance limitation of the full-scale reverse osmosis process". Journal of Membrane Science 214, n. 2 (aprile 2003): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0376-7388(02)00551-3.

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45

Lin, Kwang-Lung, Min-Lin Chu e Mu-Chang Shieh. "Treatment of uranium containing effluents with reverse osmosis process". Desalination 61, n. 2 (gennaio 1987): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(87)80013-9.

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Mohammed, Hiba A., Dawood E. Sachit e Mustafa H. Al-Furaiji. "Treatment of power plant wastewater using reverse osmosis process". DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 283 (2023): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2023.29192.

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47

Gurung, Khum, Morten Lykkegaard Christensen, Mika Sillanpää, Mohamed Chaker Ncibi e Mads Koustrup Jørgensen. "Nutrients Enrichment and Process Repercussions in Hybrid Microfiltration Osmotic Membrane Bioreactor: A Guideline for Forward Osmosis Development Based on Lab-Scale Experience". Water 12, n. 4 (12 aprile 2020): 1098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041098.

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Abstract (sommario):

The effects of reverse salt diffusion through a forward osmosis membrane were studied in a microfiltration osmotic membrane bioreactor. The reactor was used to treat and simultaneously concentrate nutrients from wastewater. The system was operated at different draw solution concentrations, leading to varying salinity conditions. A relatively low, yet stable forward osmosis flux was observed regardless of increasing draw solution conductivities from 10 to 50 mS cm−1. A substantial increase in sludge conductivity from 5.7 to 19.8 mS cm−1 was observed during the operation. Batch transmembrane pressure-step experiments showed a decline in sludge filtration properties with increasing salinity buildup in sludge due to increasing deflocculation and associated release of protein and carbohydrate fractions of extracellular polymeric substances. Mathematical simulations showed that accumulation of total dissolved solids could mainly be attributed to reverse flux of salts from the draw solution rather than by the enrichment of incoming nutrients when forward osmosis membrane’s salt permeability was high and water permeability low. Ideally, salt permeability below 0.010 L m−2 h−1 and effective water permeability above 0.13 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 are crucial to ensure enhanced nutrient enrichment and reduce sludge osmotic pressure, microbial inactivation, sludge deflocculation and membrane fouling.

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48

Cheng, Jian Gao, Jing Huan Ma, Zhi Wen Lin, Wei Xing Li, Zhan Sheng Ma, Qing Tong Ren e Ying Liu. "The Effect of Different Pretreatment Methods on the Membrane Fouling in the Process of Reverse Osmosis Seawater Desalination". Advanced Materials Research 821-822 (settembre 2013): 1102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.821-822.1102.

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One new pretreatment method was developed for solving the formed fouling on the equipments in the process of reverse osmosis seawater desalination, and the effect of different pretreatment methods on the membrane fouling was investigated. The experiment results showed that the flux attenuation rate of reverse osmosis membrane used in hardness-removed seawater was slower than the one of direct ultrafiltration seawater, and the salt reject rate and conductivity of output water from reverse osmosis membrane were not obviously affected by these two different pretreatment methods respectively. By according to the characterization of SEM, EDX and IR, the rapid attenuation of membrane flux was caused by the piled inorganic crystals on the membrane surface in direct ultra-filtration process, and the hardness-removed pretreatment process can effectively decrease the membrane fouling.

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49

Leon, Federico, e Alejandro Ramos. "An Assessment of Renewable Energies in a Seawater Desalination Plant with Reverse Osmosis Membranes". Membranes 11, n. 11 (17 novembre 2021): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11110883.

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Abstract (sommario):

The purpose of our study was to reduce the carbon footprint of seawater desalination plants that use reverse osmosis membranes by introducing on-site renewable energy sources. By using new-generation membranes with a low energy consumption and considering wind and photovoltaic energy sources, it is possible to greatly reduce the carbon footprint of reverse osmosis plants. The objective of this study was to add a renewable energy supply to a desalination plant that uses reverse osmosis technology. During the development of this research study, photovoltaic energy was discarded as a possible source of renewable energy due to the wind conditions in the area in which the reverse osmosis plant was located; hence, the installation of a wind turbine was considered to be the best option. As it was a large-capacity reverse osmosis plant, we decided to divide the entire desalination process into several stages for explanation purposes. The desalination process of the facility consists of several phases: First, the seawater capture process was performed by the intake tower. This water was then transported and stored, before going through a physical and chemical pre-treatment process, whereby the highest possible percentage of impurities and organic material was eliminated in order to prevent the plugging of the reverse osmosis modules. After carrying out the appraisals and calculating the amount of energy that the plant consumed, we determined that 15% of the plant’s energy supply should be renewable, corresponding to 1194 MWh/year. As there was already a wind power installation in the area, we decided to use one of the wind turbines that had already been installed—specifically, an Ecotecnia turbine (20–150) that produced an energy of 1920 MWh /year. This meant that only a single wind turbine was required for this project.

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Ruiz-García, A., e I. Nuez. "Performance Assessment of SWRO Spiral-Wound Membrane Modules with Different Feed Spacer Dimensions". Processes 8, n. 6 (14 giugno 2020): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8060692.

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Abstract (sommario):

Reverse osmosis is the leading process in seawater desalination. However, it is still an energy intensive technology. Feed spacer geometry design is a key factor in reverse osmosis spiral wound membrane module performance. Correlations obtained from experimental work and computational fluid dynamics modeling were used in a computational tool to simulate the impact of different feed spacer geometries in seawater reverse osmosis spiral wound membrane modules with different permeability coefficients in pressure vessels with 6, 7 and 8 elements. The aim of this work was to carry out a comparative analysis of the effect of different feed spacer geometries in combination with the water and solute permeability coefficients on seawater reverse osmosis spiral wound membrane modules performance. The results showed a higher impact of feed spacer geometries in the membrane with the highest production (highest water permeability coefficient). It was also found that the impact of feed spacer geometry increased with the number of spiral wound membrane modules in series in the pressure vessel. Installation of different feed spacer geometries in reverse osmosis membranes depending on the operating conditions could improve the performance of seawater reverse osmosis systems in terms of energy consumption and permeate quality.

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