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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Retirement income – Australia"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 20 febbraio 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Retirement income – Australia"

Bateman, Hazel. "Retirement Income Strategy in Australia." Economic Analysis and Policy 32, no. 1 (March 2002): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0313-5926(02)50006-0.

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Xu, Xiaobo, Martin Young, Liping Zou, and Jiali Fang. "Retirement Income Sufficiency: A Comparison Study in Australia and New Zealand." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 16, no. 2 (February 15, 2023): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16020124.

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We use the 2018 survey data from the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamic (HILDA) in Australia and the Household Economic Survey (HES) in New Zealand to investigate the retirement income sufficiency in Australia and New Zealand. Our baseline results indicate that the annuitized net wealth is greater for Australian retirees than for New Zealand retirees. However, New Zealand retirees enjoy a higher level of life satisfaction than Australian retirees. Further analysis reveals a significant greater pre- and postretirement income for the top 10% of wealthy Australian retirees, mainly due to the higher level of homeownership in Australia within this group. Our study fills the gap in the existing literature, which studies the macro- and microlevel influences on Australia and New Zealand retirees, and it also offers important policy implications.

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Fry, Jane M., Lisa Farrell, and Jeromey B. Temple. "Energy poverty and retirement income sources in Australia." Energy Economics 106 (February 2022): 105793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105793.

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Atkinson, M. E., John Creedy, and D. M. Knox. "Planning Retirement Income in Australia: Routes through the Maze." Australian Economic Review 28, no. 4 (October 1995): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8462.1995.tb00901.x.

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Bird, Graham. "Income products for the post-retirement market in Australia." Pensions: An International Journal 10, no. 2 (March 2005): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.pm.5940299.

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Morgan, L. A., and S. A. Lothian. "Designing successful post-retirement solutions by blending growth, income and protection." British Actuarial Journal 22, no. 1 (March 2017): 177–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357321717000034.

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AbstractThe move from defined benefit to defined contribution (DC) has transferred the longevity and investment risks from the plan sponsor to the individual plan member. Without the actuarial cross-subsidies implied by pooling these risks, the danger of outliving one’s savings is significant. Much attention has been focussed on pre-retirement investment design but less on post-retirement. In most countries, the post-retirement systems in place are insufficient to solve this challenge for small asset sizes or small proportions of individuals’ retirement accounts. However, a number of DC markets are mature, such as Australia and Chile, and the principles of a solution that works for all must be identified. This paper researches a number of post-retirement systems around the world and identifies ten key factors that contribute to post-retirement solution design. These factors can result in an inconsistency between countries regarding the most appropriate post-retirement solution. Additionally, a disconnect is apparent between what retirees need and want in post-retirement. Successful post-retirement solutions will inevitably blend investment and insurance components in a balanced manner. With lengthening life expectancies, research supports strategies that blend a growth and income account-based approach for the first 15–20 years after retirement with longevity protection in later life.

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Beshears, John, James J. Choi, Joshua Hurwitz, David Laibson, and Brigitte C. Madrian. "Liquidity in Retirement Savings Systems: An International Comparison." American Economic Review 105, no. 5 (May 1, 2015): 420–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20151004.

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We compare the liquidity that six developed countries have built into their employer-based defined contribution (DC) retirement schemes. In Germany, Singapore, and the UK, withdrawals are essentially banned no matter what kind of transitory income shock the household realizes. By contrast, in Canada and Australia, liquidity is state-contingent. For a middle-income household, DC accounts are completely illiquid unless annual income falls substantially, in which case DC assets become highly liquid. The US stands alone in the universally high liquidity of its DC system: whether or not income falls, the penalties for early withdrawal are low or non-existent.

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KIM, SARANG, KERRY A. SARGENT-COX, DAVINA J. FRENCH, HAL KENDIG, and KAARIN J. ANSTEY. "Cross-national insights into the relationship between wealth and wellbeing: a comparison between Australia, the United States of America and South Korea." Ageing and Society 32, no. 1 (February 24, 2011): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x11000080.

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ABSTRACTThe positive relationship between wealth and wellbeing has received considerable attention over the last three decades. However, little is known about how the significance of wealth for the health and wellbeing of older adults may vary across societies. Furthermore, researchers tend to focus mainly on income rather than other aspects of financial resources even though older adults often rely on fixed income, particularly after retirement. Using data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey (N=1,431), the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) in the United States of America (USA; N=4,687), and the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA; N=5,447), this exploratory cross-national study examined the relationship between wealth satisfaction and objective wealth and wellbeing (measured as self-rated health and life satisfaction) among older Australians, Americans and Koreans (50+ years). Regression analyses showed that wealth satisfaction was associated with wellbeing over and above monetary wealth in all three countries. The relationship between monetary wealth and self-rated health was larger for the US than Australian and Korean samples, while the additional contribution of wealth satisfaction to life satisfaction was larger for the Korean than the Australian and US samples. These findings are discussed in terms of the cultural and economic differences between these countries, particularly as they affect older persons.

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Austen, Siobhan, and Astghik Mavisakalyan. "Gender gaps in long-term earnings and retirement wealth: The effects of education and parenthood." Journal of Industrial Relations 60, no. 4 (May 1, 2018): 492–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185618767474.

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We measure gender gaps in long-term earnings and retirement wealth over the 15-year period from 2001 to 2015. Our analysis of data from the Housing, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey generates new estimates of the effects of education on men’s and women’s long-term earnings. These show that whilst university qualifications improve women’s long-term earnings, university education does not, on average, lift women’s earnings above those attained by men with a high school qualification. The increment in long-term earnings associated with parenthood also shows a large gender gap favouring men. Parenthood is associated with higher long-term earnings for men but on average this factor has a strong negative association with women’s earnings. The article also maps the consequences of the gender gap in long-term earnings for retirement wealth in the form of superannuation. The results show how the large gender gaps in retirement wealth reflect in large part the economic costs arising from the gendered division of roles associated with parenthood in many Australian households.

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McRae, Ian S., and Francesco Paolucci. "The global financial crisis and Australian general practice." Australian Health Review 35, no. 1 (2011): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah09830.

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Objective. To explore the potential effects of the global financial crisis (GFC) on the market for general practitioner (GP) services in Australia. Design. We estimate the impact of changes in unemployment rates on demand for GP services and the impact of lost asset values on GP retirement plans and work patterns. Combining these supply and demand effects, we estimate the potential effect of the GFC on the market for GP services under various scenarios. Results. If deferral of retirement increases GP availability by 2%, and historic trends to reduce GP working hours are halved, at the current level of ~5.2% unemployment average fees would decline by $0.23 per GP consultation and volumes of GP services would rise by 2.53% with almost no change in average GP gross earnings over what would otherwise have occurred. With 8.5% unemployment, as initially predicted by Treasury, GP fees would increase by $0.91 and GP income by nearly 3%. Conclusions. The GFC is likely to increase activity in the GP market and potentially to reduce fee levels relative to the pre-GFC trends. Net effects on average GP incomes are likely to be small at current unemployment levels. What is known about the topic? Although the broad directions of the impact of the global financial crisis on the demand for and supply of GP services have been the subject of public discussion, the overall impact on the GP market has not been formally assessed. What does this paper add? Drawing on existing supply and demand models, we estimate the likely effect of the global financial crisis on GP activity levels, GP earnings, and the fees to be faced by patients. What are the implications for practitioners? Practitioners on average are likely to work harder to recover losses in the investments they have made for their retirements. They may face lower fees than would have been the case due to the increasing supply of GPs as some defer retirement, but average incomes are likely to be minimally affected.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Retirement income – Australia"

Kudrna, Jiri, and g. kudrna@unsw edu au. "Retirement Income Policy in Australia: Life-Cycle Analyses." University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4119.

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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)<br>Retirement income policy in Australia has undergone significant changes over the last two decades, including the introduction of the Superannuation Guarantee [SG] with mandatory contributions in 1992 and the 2007 superannuation changes with the benefit tax abolition. Numerical implications of adopted pension reforms and reform proposals such as further increases in the SG contribution rate, changes to superannuation taxation and to means-testing of the age pension have been examined mainly by micro-simulation models. These models, often criticized for their lack of theoretical content, provide an incomplete picture of pension policy effects because of no or limited behavioural responses to underlying policy changes. In this thesis, models based on the life-cycle theory of saving pioneered by Modigliani and Brumberg (1954) are applied to simulate behavioural, welfare and macroeconomics effects of proposed changes to Australia’s pension policy. In particular, this thesis develops the following computable models: a life-cycle, single household model, a partial equilibrium, household model and a general equilibrium model with overlapping generations [OLG]. The single household model describes lifetime behaviour of the utility-maximising single household with uncertain lifespan. The model features perfect capital markets, endogenous labour supply and retirement decisions, and it incorporates main aspects of Australia’s pension and income tax policy settings. The simulated policy changes are (i) increase in the SG contribution rate, (ii) superannuation tax changes and (iii) abolition of the age pension means test. The results indicate higher retirement consumption and welfare gains from all the analysed pension policy changes. Partial equilibrium and general equilibrium models introduced in this thesis are built on lifetime behaviour of the single household. Both models distinguish many generations of households by age and, therefore, are capable of studying behavioural and welfare effects of policy changes for different generations. The partial equilibrium model examines behaviour of the household sector in the environment of the fixed factor prices. It is shown, for instance, that welfare gains from the investigated pension policy changes are not uniformly distributed across generations. The general equilibrium OLG model extends the partial equilibrium analyses by incorporating production, government and foreign sectors in addition to household and pension sectors. The model is a small open economy version of Auerbach and Kotlikoff’s (1987) OLG model. The simulation results are significantly different from those in the partial equilibrium framework, driven mainly by the changes in aggregate labour supply. For instance, the higher SG rate policy increases aggregate assets and saving. However, the saving increases are exported abroad rather than invested in the domestic capital stock. Hence, the implications of this policy change for the capital stock and output are minimal. Younger cohorts and future born generations experience consumption and welfare gains but older cohorts are negatively affected by a higher consumption tax rate resulting from this hypothetical policy change.

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Ong, Rachel Kien Ling. "Ageing in Australia : financial independence and work disincentive issues /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20050526.150529.

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Marisetty, Vijaya Bhaskar 1973. "Performance evaluation of Australian superannuation funds." Monash University, Dept. of Accounting and Finance, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5843.

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Ward, William. "Superannuation and industrial relations : an analysis of the consequences of superannuation for Australian wage earners resulting from the accord period in historical perspective." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1998. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27754.

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This thesis examines the ramifications associated with the spread of superannuation coverage from a minority of higher earning individuals to encapsulate 90% of the entire Australian workforce. To achieve this result the Australian union movement traded direct wage increases for superannuation. This thesis examines the relative merits of this transfer of direct remuneration to indirect remuneration. More specifically, it does so in relation to workers on lower incomes, as it was these workers who received superannuation for the first time during the Accord period. The examination of the relative benefit of remuneration delivered indirectly via superannuation is conducted by comparing the situation of workers receiving their total remuneration directly. The research findings argue that for many lower paid workers, who only received superannuation as a result of the Accord, direct remuneration equivalent to superannuation would have been a more beneficial result. In order to try explain why the union movement pursued such an outcome the historical circumstances surrounding superannuation and the Age pension are explored.

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Croy, Gerry. "Psychological determinants of retirement savings behaviour: An application of the theory of planned behaviour." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2007. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/311.

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It is generally accepted that the rate at which any individuals presently save falls substantively short of that which will enable them to achieve their lifestyle aspirations in retirement. This, combined with the social-support funding demands of an ageing population makes the subject of retirement savings one of crucial importance to Australia and to most countries worldwide. An obvious approach to improving the quality of life in retirement and to alleviating the forecast social-support burden is to induce people to save in a more effective manner. This point is not lost on the Australian government, which, in recent times has introduced several initiatives that promote improved retirement savings. However, it is generally regarded that a good deal more needs to be done to motivate people to save more and to invest more efficiently for their retirement needs. Yet, much past research regarding the psychological determinants of individual’s retirement savings choices can be characterised as disparate in the sense that it fails to be couched within any integrative theoretical framework. One outcome of this situation is a lack of opportunity to assess the relative importance of various determinants of retirement savings behaviour. Using the framework of the theory of planned behaviour, a pre-eminent social-psychological model for predicting human behaviour, the present research explored an extended range of psychological determinants in order to explain retirement savings behaviours within an Australian context and to test the sufficiency of the standard theoretical model for this purpose. The study chose two important retirement savings behaviours, namely volitional superannuation contribution behaviour and superannuation investment strategy-change behaviour to investigate a number of behavioural determinants. The intent of the research was to identify the relative importance of key behavioural determinants and to relate these to intervention possibilities applied to the individual, the workplace and the general public…

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Taylor, Suzanne Mary. "A statistical analysis of the origins and impacts of twenty-six years of regulatory regime changes in the Australian occupational superannuation industry." Connect to thesis, 2008. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/3138.

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Merkes, Monika, and monika@melbpc org au. "A longer working life for Australian women of the baby boom generation? � Women�s voices and the social policy implications of an ageing female workforce." La Trobe University. School of Public Health, 2003. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20051103.104704.

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With an increasing proportion of older people in the Australian population and increasing health and longevity, paid work after the age of 65 years may become an option or a necessity in the future. The focus of this research is on Australian women of the baby boom generation, their working futures, and the work-retirement decision. This is explored both from the viewpoint of women and from a social policy perspective. The research draws on Considine�s model of public policy, futures studies, and Beck�s concept of risk society. The research comprises three studies. Using focus group research, Study 1 explored the views of Australian women of the baby boom generation on work after the age of 65 years. Study 2 aimed to explore current thinking on the research topic in Australia and overseas. Computer-mediated communication involving an Internet website and four scenarios for the year 2020 were used for this study. Study 3 consists of the analysis of quantitative data from the Healthy Retirement Project, focusing on attitudes towards retirement, retirement plans, and the preferred and expected age of retirement. The importance of choice and a work � life balance emerged throughout the research. Women in high-status occupations were found to be more likely to be open to the option of continuing paid work beyond age 65 than women in low-status jobs. However, the women were equally likely to embrace future volunteering. The research findings suggest that policies for an ageing female workforce should be based on the values of inclusiveness, fairness, self-determination, and social justice, and address issues of workplace flexibility, equality in the workplace, recognition for unpaid community and caring work, opportunities for life-long learning, complexity and inequities of the superannuation system, and planning for retirement. Further, providing a guaranteed minimum income for all Australians should be explored as a viable alternative to the current social security system.

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Jefferson, Therese. "Australian women's financial security in later life: the effects of social structures and decision processes." Thesis, Curtin University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1981.

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Existing studies provide a range of insights into the causes of womens low retirement incomes and emphasise the effect of low life-time incomes on womens access to economic resources in later life. Despite these insights, however, there is relatively little research on the roles played by motivations, social institutions and decision-making processes in determining womens capacity to save for retirement. In order to address some of these gaps in our understanding, this study aimed to broaden the range of theoretical approaches applied to economic studies of womens retirement savings strategies. Based on methodological perspectives informed by critical realism and feminist epistemology, the study utilised grounded research methods to collect and analyse qualitative data relevant to womens financial decisions and retirement plans. The data collection and analysis process are conceptually organised and integrated to propose a theoretical contribution that emphasises the links between social structures and specific decision-making processes that systematically contribute to low retirement savings for women. The studys findings are discussed with reference to existing economic literature that has not previously been utilised in studies of womens retirement incomes. The conclusions from this study suggest that there are significant features of womens decision-making contexts that contribute to ongoing under-saving to support women in later life.

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Jefferson, Therese. "Australian women's financial security in later life : the effects of social structures and decision processes /." Curtin University of Technology, Graduate School of Business, 2005. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=16372.

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Doyle, Suzanne Economics Australian School of Business UNSW. "The payout phase of a defined contribution retirement income arrangement: the role of annuities." 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41343.

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This thesis explores the economic issues associated with the payout phase where a defined contribution (DC) retirement arrangement is adopted. In particular, the role of annuities in providing a retirement income is examined as well as insurance they provide against retirement risks such as inflation, longevity and rate of return volatility. A comprehensive moneys worth calculation based on a Australian population cohort mortality table shows that overall, Australian nominal and inflation indexed life annuities provide relatively good value for money. Although relative to annuities sold in the US and the UK they do suffer from relatively high adverse selection costs, which could in turn reduce demand. In addition, the presence of a government provided safety net pension could also result in low demand for annuities. These two issues suggest that government intervention may be warranted to ensure retirees have access to affordable private insurance to protect their retirement benefit. This could take the form of mandating an annuity purchase at retirement. However, which annuity should be mandated is not well understood. This is an important question as there are many alternative annuity designs, each providing different degrees of retirement risk protection to an individual. This thesis uses numerical simulations to empirically analyse the costs and benefits of mandating alternative annuities from both an individual and governments perspectives to determine optimal annuity design. A model is used to estimate the value of payouts over time from various types of annuities across a range of retirement benefits. A means tested safety net pension is assumed to exist. Two stochastic variables inflation and the risky rate of return, are simultaneously used to show how the annuity payouts react to theses changes, highlighting the insurance features of various annuities. Consumer preferences for the various annuities are estimated based on tolerance to risk. The variable annuity dominates the utility rankings under two conditions: -- when the relative risk aversion is low and a safety net payment isnt available, and when the relative risk aversion is high and a safety net payment is made. Otherwise the CPI indexed annuity has the highest ranking. Sensitivity analysis shows that the results presented here are robust to a number of alternative assumptions about the key variables.

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Libri sul tema "Retirement income – Australia"

Dewar, John. Superannuation and divorce in Australia. Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies, 1999.

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Carnegie, Georgina. Saving for the future: A comparative study of "savings policies" in Singapore and Australia. Carlton South, Vic: Australian Commission for the Future Ltd, 1991.

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Olsberg, Diana. Ageing and money: Australia's retirement revolution. St. Leonards, NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin, 1997.

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Power, Trish. DIY super for dummies. 2nd ed. Richmond, Vic: Wiley, 2012.

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Knox, David M. The Australian annuity market. Washington, D.C: World Bank, Policy Research Dissemination Center, 2000.

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Edey, Malcolm L. Australia's retirement income system: Implications for saving and capital markets. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1996.

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Bateman, Hazel. The costs of the superannuation surcharge. [Melbourne?]: Committee for Economic Development of Australia, 1999.

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Myer, Rod. Your Super Made Simple. Wilkinson Publishing, 2017.

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Power, Trish. DIY Super for Dummies. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2015.

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Power, Trish. Age Pension Made Simple. Wilkinson Publishing, 2017.

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Più fonti

Capitoli di libri sul tema "Retirement income – Australia"

Wood, Gavin, and Christian A. Nygaard. "Housing Equity Withdrawal and Retirement: Evidence from the Household, Income, and Labor Dynamics in Australia Survey (HILDA)." In The Blackwell Companion to the Economics of Housing, 257–78. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444317978.ch11.

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MacDonald, Kirsten, and Ross Guest. "KiwiSaver: A jewel in the crown of New Zealand’s retirement income framework?" In Successful Public Policy: Lessons from Australia and New Zealand, 477–504. ANU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22459/spp.2019.20.

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Bateman, Hazel, and John Piggott. "Too Much Risk to Insure? The Australian (non-) Market for Annuities." In Securing Lifelong Retirement Income, 81–105. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199594849.003.0006.

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Bateman, Hazel. "Retirement income strategies for an ageing population." In Population Ageing and Australia's Future. ANU Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.22459/paaf.11.2016.11.

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Asher, Anthony, and John De Ravin. "The Age Pension Means Tests: Contorting Australian Retirement." In Who Wants to Retire and Who Can Afford to Retire? IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91856.

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Most Australian retirees are likely to be subject to the Age Pension assets or income test at some point. Evidence is that many retirees adapt their consumption to increase Age Pension entitlements, but long-term implications are difficult to determine—even if the current rules were to remain in place. This chapter evaluates the current approach to means testing against the principles set out in a Department of Social Services discussion paper on this topic. We evaluate the implied “effective marginal tax rates” (EMTRs) on the assets of part pensioners who are subject to the assets test. We find that depending on a variety of parameters such as assumed future earnings rates, demographic status, drawdown strategy and the base level of assets held, the EMTRs are high enough to explain material distortions to savings decisions of those still in employment, and the spending and investment decisions of retirees. Optimal decisions in this context require contorted retirement strategies that do not appear to be in anyone’s interest. Some possible remedies are suggested, which should include incorporating the value of the principal residence within the assets test. The chapter therefore illustrates the application of principled analysis to policy issues of this sort.

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Chomik, Rafal, and John Piggott. "The Australian Retirement Income System: Comparisons with and Lessons for the United States." In Reimagining Pensions, 274–97. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198755449.003.0014.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Retirement income – Australia"

Edey, Malcolm, and John Simon. Australia's Retirement Income System: Implications for Saving and Capital Markets. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5799.

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