Articoli di riviste: "Respiratory organs"

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Cheberiachko, Serhii, Yuriy Cheberiachko, Oleg Deryugin, Bohdan Kravchenko, Tetiana Nehrii, Serhii Nehrii e Oksana Zolotarova. "INCREASING THE INSULATION PROPERTIES OF FILTER RESPIRATORS TO PROTECT MINERS’ RESPIRATORY ORGANS FROM DUST". Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 38, n. 4 (2023): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2023.4.3.

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To increase the insulating properties of elastomeric half-masks, it is suggested to perforate the obturator in the area of the nasal bridge, chin and cheeks, which allows for adjustment in its size, thus preventing the occurrence of wrinkles on the user’s face in the areas which are the individual features of a particular user’s face. Three versions of the perforated filter respirator obturator have been proposed: in the first, the holes are made along the entire perimeter of the obturator; in the second, the holes are only in the area of the cheeks and nasal bridge; in the third, incisions with a diameter of 5 mm are made in the area of the nasal bridge and cheeks. The result of modelling a set of alternative solutions taking into account the coefficient of protection of filter respirator half-masks, the distribution of compressive forces, which are determined in the environment of the packages “ANSYS” and “Solid works”, has been obtained on the basis of main indicators of the proposed models. To make a decision on choosing the best model, the mass of the elastomeric half mask, its dimensions and the complexity of the design were additionally considered. On the basis of expert evaluation, according to the described procedure for determining the utility function of the factors from their values, it has been defined that the second model of the half-mask is characterized by the best parameters. Conducted laboratory studies to determine the aerosol absorption coefficient by the obturation line showed the lowest indicator in the second option.

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Andreeva, N. A., T. A. Shumatova e P. A. Motavkin. "Nitrergic neurons in respiratory organs". Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 129, n. 2 (febbraio 2000): 190–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02434808.

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Ari Wahyuni, Eva, Nur Qomaria e Lisa Lisdiana. "Anatomical respiratory organ of Solen sp". BIO Web of Conferences 74 (2023): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20237403007.

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Respiratory organs are important to investigate in Solen sp. due to the fact that literacy is hard to find beside unclear data information. Excellent knowledge of the respiratory organs in biota has become one of the impact factors for knowing its potential in adaptability and ecology. This study aimed to describe the anatomical respiratory organ by analyzing Solen sp. in the Madura Strait, which applied morphological and histological analysis at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology at the State University of Surabaya. The environmental parameters (temperature, pH, salinity, and substrate) and sample of Solen sp. was measured and collected around the Modung district, Bangkalan regency during July – August, 2023. The results showed conditions are within the range of environmental parameters and are reasonable and appropriate for the environment. The shape and structure of the respiratory organs Solen sp. described the shape of the folds with a fresh red color, as are generally of the normal and health gills. The relationship between environmental parameters and anatomical organ of Solen sp. should be concerning for the future research to protect Solen sp. from the overfishing.

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Khoma, P. E., N. N. Abramova, S. A. Kiro e I. M. Knish. "RESPIRATORY ORGANS PROTECTION FROM THE AMMONIA ACTION". Odesa National University Herald. Chemistry 27, n. 2(82) (16 novembre 2022): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2304-0947.2022.2(82).264892.

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The article deals with the issues of protection of the respiratory organs from the toxic effects of ammonia, based on the research of employees of the Physical-chemical institute for environment and human protection of MES OF Ukraine and NAS of Ukraine. The physicochemical properties of ammonia and its toxicological characteristics are discussed in detail. Emergency hygienic regulations and reference levels of its concentration in the air are given, depending on the severity of possible effects. Activated carbon, the most widely used for equipping gas-absorbing cartridges of respirators and industrial gas masks, does not have the ability to selectively absorb ammonia without treatment with chemically active compounds. To enhance selectivity, activated carbon is infiltrated with d-metal salts and organic polybasic acids. An alternative to granular charcoal sorbents are ion-exchange fibrous materials or impregnated fibrous chemisorbents (IFCS), which have a significantly lower weight and breathing resistance. Impregnation was carried out with solutions of citric acid, and glycerol, sodium chloride, and ethanol were used as modifiers to achieve a uniform distribution of citric acid on the surface of the fibers and increase adhesion to them. The study of the sorption characteristics of IFCS as part of the gas-absorbing cartridge of the «Klen-K1» respirator was carried out with dry and moistened samples under dynamic conditions close to the actual operation of respiratory protection equipment: NH3 concentration in the gas-air mixture 700 mg/m3 (35 TVL), relative humidity φ = 0 ÷ 72%, linear flow rate – 5,1 sm/s. It is shown that the humidity of the gas-air mixture plays a decisive role in the efficiency of ammonia sorption, it activates the protective properties of IFCS. It has been established that gas-absorbing cartridges equipped with the developed samples of IFCS impregnated with a 40.0% solution of citric acid with the addition of 3.3% glycerol and 1.0% sodium chloride provide the normalized requirements for class K1 gas filters (ammonia) with humidity of the inhaled air ≥ 30%. The presence of «free» water provides a more complete «activation» of the specified chemisorbent for this toxicant.

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Apriliani, Nurul Safitri, Hikmah Supriyati e Muhammad Ja’far Luthfi. "Histological Study of Respiratory Organ of Betta sp." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 2 (1 marzo 2019): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/icse.v2.81.

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Betta sp. is a freshwater ornamental fish which also known as a fighting fish. One of the fundamental organs to support fishes life is respiratory organ. Fighting fish is belongs to the suborder Anabantoidei which means labyrinth fishes group. The aim of the study was to know histology of the respiratory organs of Betta sp. Histological preparations were done using paraffin method, stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE). The result showed that Betta sp. has a respiratory organ common fish i.e gills and additional respiratory organ structure namely labyrinth and pseudobranch that makes Betta sp can survive in a low volume of water. The gill is consists of gill arch, gill raker, gill fillament and gill lamellae. The labyrinth is consist of connective tissue and folded ephitelium. Pseudobranch according to some literature function as an additional respiratory. Functions attributed to the pseudobranch include; regulation of oxygen to the eyes, enzyme production for use in the gas bladder, osmoregulation, and many others.

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Huxley, Thomas H. "On the Respiratory Organs of Apteryx." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 50, n. 3 (21 agosto 2009): 560–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1882.tb02762.x.

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Salim, Ali, Matthew Martin, Carlos Brown, Howard Belzberg, Peter Rhee e Demetrios Demetriades. "Complications of Brain Death: Frequency and Impact on Organ Retrieval". American Surgeon 72, n. 5 (maggio 2006): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480607200502.

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Brain death is associated with complex hemodynamic, endocrine, and metabolic dysfunction that can lead to major complications with the potential donor. Untreated, this can progress to cardiovascular collapse with loss of valuable organs for transplantation. We hypothesized that brain death-related complications would have no effect on the number of organs donated if an aggressive donor management protocol was in place. We identified all successful organ donations between January 2000 and December 2003 and evaluated them for brain death-associated complications (defined as vasopressor requirement, coagulopathy, diabetes insipidus, cardiac ischemia, lactic acidosis, renal failure, and acute respiratory distress syndrome) and donated organs per donor. Sixty-nine organ donors were identified. Complications identified were as follows: intravenous vasopressor requirement in 97.1 per cent, coagulopathy in 55.1 per cent, thrombocytopenia in 53.6 per cent, diabetes insipidus in 46.4 per cent, cardiac ischemia in 30.4 per cent, lactic acidosis in 24.6 per cent, renal failure in 20.3 per cent, and acute respiratory distress syndrome in 13 per cent. There was no significant effect of complications on the average number of organs harvested, with the exception of an increase in organs harvested in the presence of diabetes insipidus. With the implementation of an aggressive organ donor management protocol, these complications can be effectively managed with no impact on the number of organs harvested for transplant.

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Starevskaya, S. V., M. M. Goloborodko, O. V. Berleva, S. V. Barashkova, I. Yu Melnikova, V. Yu Detkov e V. P. Molodtsova. "CONDITION OF RESPIRATORY MUCOSA AT CHILDREN WITH RESPIRATORY DISTRESS". HERALD of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov 7, n. 1 (15 marzo 2015): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/mechnikov20157188-92.

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42 children with the diseases of respiratory organs complicated by respiratory failure have been examined to determine the nature of inflammatory changes of a tracheobronchial tree and a condition of mucoсiliary system . At children with acute diseases of respiratory organs the neutrophillic inflammation of tracheobronchial tree mucous has been revealed more often, at children with chronic diseases of lungs has been more often noted lymphocytic eosinophilic an inflammation of tracheobronchial tree mucous , obvious thaumatropy and dystrophy of ciliate epithelium. At 10% of children primary motor disturbance of the mucoсiliary system (total immobility of cilia) has been revealed.

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Abdulrazzaq, Najiba, Kashif Bin Naeem, Abdalla Alhajiri, Ayman Chkhis, Vinod Choondal, Mona Osman e Kusay Almusa. "Multiple Organ Dysfunction Reduces In-Hospital Survival in COVID-19 Patients". International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science 5, n. 09 (14 settembre 2020): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol05-i09/951.

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Background: Although primarily a respiratory illness, COVID-19 involves multiple organs when the disease is severe or critical. Hence, we conducted this study to evaluate the incidence of multiple organ dysfunction in COVID-19 patients and its implications on survival. Methods: A retrospective analysis of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients presenting to our center in Dubai, UAE between April 2020 and July 2020. Data was collected from the electronic medical records and analyzed to evaluate multiple organ damage observed during hospital admission. Findings: Five-hundred patients were studied. Overall mean age was 49.5 years (range 13-94), 76% males, 33% diabetics, 31% hypertensives. 97/500 (19.4%) had evidence of single organ damage; 37/500 (7.4%) had two organ damage; and 105/500 (21%) had more than two organ damage. Acute respiratory distress syndrome was the most prevalent organ damage,153/500 (30.6%); followed by acute cardiac injury, 120/500 (24%); acute kidney injury 107/500 (21.4%); acute liver injury 96/500 (19.2%); septic shock 93/500 (18.6%); disseminated intravascular coagulation 27/500 (5.4%), and heart failure 17/500 (3.4%). We found that in-hospital survival reduced as the number of organs involved increased; only 20% patients survived who had more than 2 organ damage. Also, the chances of survival reduced considerably once other organs were involved in addition to the acute respiratory distress syndrome (91.6% survival in ARDS alone vs. 28.6% survival in ARDS with acute kidney injury vs. 10.4% survival in ARDS with shock/acute cardiac injury/acute kidney injury). Conclusion: Multiple organ dysfunction is common in COVID-19 as 21% had evidence of more than two organ damage in our study. The survival in COVID-19 reduces significantly once multiple organs are involved. Early monitoring and recognition of multiple organ dysfunction is necessary to prevent adverse outcomes and improve survival.

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HARA, KOHEI. "Respiratory organs. Intractable upper respiratory tract infections and its treatment." Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 79, n. 3 (1990): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/naika.79.387.

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Ernest, Vergel. "Respiratory failure: Classification, Epidemiology and Etiology Review". Journal La Medihealtico 1, n. 2 (21 maggio 2020): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallamedihealtico.v1i2.96.

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Respiratory failure is a detailed syndrome of the respiratory system failing to perform the function of gas exchange, oxygen intake, and carbon dioxide release. Acute respiratory failure is the most common cause of organ failure in intensive care units (ICUs) with high mortality rates. The classification can be reviewed from two categories of acute respiratory failure and chronic respiratory failure. Acute respiratory failure is often found with the failure of other vital organs. Death is caused by multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Etiology can be seen in two categories, namely Central nervous system Depression, Impaired ventilation, Impaired equilibrium perfusion ventilation (V/Q Mismatch), Trauma, Pleural effusion, hemothorax, and pneumothorax, Acute pulmonary disease. Respiratory failure, like failure in other organ systems, can be identified based on clinical features or laboratory tests.

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Cheberiachko, Serhii, Olena Yavorska, Oleh Deriuhin e Andrii Yavorskyi. "Evaluation of the probability of miners’ protection while using filtering respirators". E3S Web of Conferences 201 (2020): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020101021.

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Objective of the research is to evaluate the probability of deterioration of the protection of miners’ respiratory organs while using filtering respirators in terms of coal mines under the coal mine conditions and to elaborate recommendations for the reduction of possible occupational disease risks. A Markovian process theory has been applied to solve the formulated problem. It has been determined that the probability of deterioration of the protection of a worker wearing a filtering respirator is up to 50%, which is stipulated by the lack of corresponding training as for the correct filtering respirator use, negligence of the physical load and its duration during the respirator selection, and possible mistakes during its operation. Reduction of the occupational disease risks is possible only in terms of the use of high-quality filtering respirator under conditions of its correct selection, maintenance and use by the trained miners with the preliminary checking of its relevance to the coal mine conditions. It has been shown that the development of a respiratory protection programme at an enterprise is the efficient tool to provide a miner with high-quality and appropriate filtering devices for the respiratory protection.

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Collier, Donald E., e Bernard Grodzinski. "Growth and maintenance respiration of leaflet, stipule, tendril, rachis, and petiole tissues that make up the compound leaf of pea (Pisum sativum)". Canadian Journal of Botany 74, n. 8 (1 agosto 1996): 1331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-161.

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Respiratory changes during development, as well as growth and maintenance coefficients, were measured in organs of a typical compound leaf at the seventh node position of a pea (Pisum sativum) plant. The leaf consists of both laminar (leaflets and stipules) and cylindrical organs (tendrils, rachis, and petiole). Young tissue of each organ had relatively high respiration rates that declined as the tissue expanded. The respiration rates of leaflet, stipule, and tendril tissue throughout maturation were significantly greater than those of the other organs. The growth respiration coefficients were not significantly different among laminar and cylindrical organs. Maintenance respiration, expressed on a total dry mass basis and on a carbohydrate-corrected dry mass basis, as well as in vitro photosynthetic rates, were significantly lower in petioles and rachises than in tendrils or the leaflets and stipules. No difference in maintenance respiration of organs was observed when rates were expressed on a protein basis. A linear relationship between mass-based respiration and organ protein concentration was observed, suggesting that the energy costs involved in protein turnover may account, in part, for the differences in maintenance respiration among the organs. Taken together, our data show that although the tendril is structurally similar to the rachis, petioles, and stem, which have a role in supporting the canopy of this climbing plant, the respiratory properties of tendrils are more like those of leaflets and stipules, thus parallelling the photosynthetic characteristics of these organs in the compound leaf. Keywords: development, leaflets, Pisum sativum, respiration, stipules, tendrils.

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Askari, Hamid, Fatemeh Rabiei, Fatemeh Lohrasbi, Sara Ghadir e Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman. "The Latest Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of COVID-19 on Non-Lung Organs". Brain Sciences 13, n. 3 (27 febbraio 2023): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13030415.

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Understanding the transmission pathways of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) will aid in developing effective therapies directed at the virus’s life cycle or its side effects. While severe respiratory distress is the most common symptom of a coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection, the virus is also known to cause damage to almost every major organ and system in the body. However, it is not obvious whether pathological changes in extra-respiratory organs are caused by direct infection, indirect, or combination of these effects. In this narrative review, we first elaborate on the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, followed by the mechanisms of this virus on various organs such as brain, eye, and olfactory nerve and different systems such as the endocrine and gastrointestinal systems.

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Nery, Amauri Alves, e Adonai Gimenez Calbo. "Adapting Constant-volume Manometry for Studying Gas Exchange by Bulky Plant Organs". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119, n. 6 (novembre 1994): 1222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.6.1222.

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Constant-pressure manometry, previously designed to study O2 and CO2 gas exchange in small pieces of tissue, cells, and organelles, was adapted to study bulky organs. According to this new procedure, a near-zero-volume Devaux chamber connects a manometer to the internal atmosphere volume (VG) of a plant organ covered by a layer of epoxy, submerged in unstirred water, kept at constant temperature, and kept at the same VG pressure. Equations, based on CO2 and O2 solubility at equilibrium with VG, were used to follow O2 consumption as a function of reduced internal O2 pressure over time [for organs with VG < 0.1 (v/v) and respiratory quotient (RQ) of 0.7 to 1.3] to observe the transition between aerobiosis and anaerobiosis and to measure CO2 evolution during the anaerobic phase. For those measurements, bulky-organ manometry performed consistently in tomato [VG = 6.41% (v/v)], sweetpotato [VG = 8.57% (v/v)], and potato [VG = 0.34% (v/v)]. The results indicate that constant-volume manometry is sufficiently precise to detect differences in respiratory metabolism as a function of intercellular O2 concentration in intact plant organs.

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Kashuba, Nikolay A. "ABOUT NEW APPROACHES IN THE ESTIMATION OF THE IMPACT OF DUST ON THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM". Hygiene and sanitation 97, n. 3 (15 marzo 2018): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2018-97-3-264-268.

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Features of the aerodynamics of aerosols in the respiratory tract during respiration are considered. New methodological approaches to the evaluation of the intensity of the exposure to dust on the human respiratory organs are proposed. The difference in the dispersion composition and in the weight concentrations of the inhaled dust from the dust of the working zone air was studied. The dispersed composition and weight concentrations of cotton dust retained by separate parts of the respiratory organs were investigated. The selective ability of separate parts of respiratory organs to detain dust particles of various sizes has been detected. The regularity of the distribution of dust particles of different disperse composition and weight concentrations over separate parts of the respiratory organs is established.

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Shankar, Prem, Jitendra Singh, Ankur Joshi, Anvita Gupta Malhotra, Arti Shrivas, Garima Goel, Priyal Gupta et al. "Organ Involvement in COVID-19: A Molecular Investigation of Autopsied Patients". Microorganisms 10, n. 7 (1 luglio 2022): 1333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10071333.

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Precise reasons for severe manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 remain unanswered, and efforts have been focused on respiratory system management. Demonstration of unequivocal presence of SARS-CoV-2 in vital body organs by cadaver autopsy was the only way to prove multi-organ involvement. Hence, the primary objective of the study was to determine presence of the SARS-CoV-2 in various organs of patients succumbing to SARS-CoV-2 infection. A total of 246 samples from different organs of 21 patients who died due to severe COVID-19 illness were investigated by qRT-PCR, and SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 181 (73.57%) samples and highest positivity of SARS-CoV-2 being (expectedly) found in nasopharynx (90.4%) followed by bilateral lungs (87.30%), peritoneal fluid (80%), pancreas (72.72%), bilateral kidneys (68.42%), liver (65%) and even in brain (47.2%). The deceased patients were categorized to three subgroups based upon the extent of organs in which SARS-CoV-2 was detected by qRT-PCR (high intensity ≥80%, intermediate intensity = 65–80% and low intensity ≤65% organs involvement). It was conclusively established that SARS-CoV-2 has the property of invasion beyond lungs and even crosses the blood–brain barrier, resulting in multi-system disease; this is probably the reason behind cytokine storm, though it is not clear whether organ damage is due to direct injury caused by the virus or result of inflammatory assault. Significant inverse correlation was found between the Ct value of lung samples and number of organs involved, implying that higher viral load in lungs is directly proportionate to involvement of extrapulmonary organs and patients with higher viral load in respiratory secretions should be monitored more closely for any warning signs and the treatment strategies should also address involvement of other organs for better outcome, because lungs, though the primary site of infection, are not the only organ system responsible for pathogenesis of systemic illness.

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Liang, Hao Fang, e Guo Yong Shan. "The Control Method for Positioning Bed of the Body Gamma Knife Based on the Breathing Sensors". Applied Mechanics and Materials 138-139 (novembre 2011): 560–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.138-139.560.

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Objective: To counteract the organ motion caused by respiratory movement through controlling the positioning bed’s synchronous motion with the organ with the breathing sensor in body gamma knife treatment. Methods: The displacement curve of relationship between lung volume and organs in the lung was obtained by acquiring respiratory signals with the piezoelectric film respiratory sensor. Used single chip microcomputer to control stepper motor which spurts the positioning bed through the transmitter to make it move simultaneously in real time according to the law of organ motion, so as to counteract the organ motion caused by respiratory movement and thus to improve the precision of radiotherapy. Results: The experiment indicates that this method can make the steeper motor move according to the displacement curve. Conclusion: It is feasible to counteract the organ and tissue motions caused by respiratory movement by making the positioning bed reversely move in real time in accordance with the law of organ motion during radiotherapy treatment.

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Rosmana, Primanita Sholihah, Sofyan Iskandar, Adesti Novita Sari, Asthiyani Kholida, Dzulfa Nur Firdaus e Puput Trisnawati. "Penggunaan Media Wordwall sebagai Evaluasi Pembelajaran Organ Pernapasan pada Hewan Kelas V di SDN 3 Nagri Kaler". Journal on Education 5, n. 2 (9 gennaio 2023): 1965–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/joe.v5i2.838.

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The background of this study was that there were students who felt lazy in working on some of the evaluation questions given by the teacher in science subjects regarding respiratory organs in animals. This is because the teacher still uses typed or handwritten evaluation questions on paper. Thus, the results obtained through evaluation are not optimal, because they do not attract students' interest and attention and are considered only mediocre. This study aims to utilize Wordwall media as a form of evaluation in Natural Sciences (IPA) subjects regarding respiratory organs in animals for class V students at SDN 3 Nagri Kaler. The research method used is Classroom Action Research which is designed in 2 cycles, each cycle consisting of 4 stages. Researchers in designing results and discussions discuss the use of the Wordwall website as digital media in evaluating learning regarding respiratory organ material in animals. In the discussion, the researcher also conducted tests in the form of pre-test and post-test to measure the extent of students' understanding of the material on respiratory organs in animals. Furthermore, at the end of the discussion, the researcher included data in the form of scores or results from the pre-test, post-test, and evaluation using Wordwall.

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Shrestha, Gentle Sunder, Sushil Khanal, Sachit Sharma e Gaurav Nepal. "COVID-19: Current Understanding of Pathophysiology". Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 18, n. 3 (13 novembre 2020): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v18i3.3028.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 has emerged as a global pandemic, affecting millions of people across the globe. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters the human cell after binding to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 receptors, that are present in various organs. The involvement of the respiratory system is common and may progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Besides the involvement of respiratory system other systems like cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal and central nervous are not uncommon. In-depth understanding of the pathophysiological basis of organs and systems involvement and disease progression aids in the safe and effective management of the COVID-19 patients. It also helps to guide future well-designed clinical trials, which is the need of time. This review aims to explore the current understanding of pathophysiological basis of various organ system involvement in patients with COVID-19, that can have relevance for patient management and future research. We reviewed the articles in various databases to assemble the current evidences. Keywords: Coronavirus disease 2019; COVID-19; pathophysiology; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

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Agustinus, Oktatika Pratiwi. "Patomekanisme dan Manifestasi Infeksi COVID-19 pada Kulit". Cermin Dunia Kedokteran 49, n. 8 (2 agosto 2022): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v49i8.1985.

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<p>COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) yang disebabkan oleh SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) hingga saat ini masih menjadi pandemi. Keluhan utama infeksi COVID-19 lebih banyak pada saluran pernapasan, namun ternyata dapat menyerang organ tubuh lain, salah satunya kulit. Peranan ACE2 dalam infeksi COVID-19 menimbulkan beragam manifestasi klinis pada berbagai sistem organ. Artikel ini membahas patomekanisme infeksi COVID-19 pada kulit, berbagai pola manifestasi penyakit kulit, serta berbagai hal yang berkaitan dengan kemunculan lesi kulit pada pasien COVID-19.</p><p>COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) remains a worldwide pandemic.The main symptom of COVID-19 infection is mostly on respiratory system. Nevertheless, it can also attack other organs, including skin. ACE2 plays a role in COVID-19 infection to many clinical manifestations at system organs. This article reviews COVID-19 infection pathomechanisms towards the skin, patterns of skin manifestations, and various factors in relation to occurrence of skin lesion in COVID-19 patients.</p>

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Agustinus, Oktatika Pratiwi. "Patomekanisme dan Manifestasi Infeksi COVID-19 pada Kulit". Cermin Dunia Kedokteran 49, n. 8 (1 agosto 2022): 427–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v49i8.267.

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COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) yang disebabkan oleh SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) hingga saat ini masih menjadi pandemi. Keluhan utama infeksi COVID-19 lebih banyak pada saluran pernapasan, namun ternyata dapat menyerang organ tubuh lain, salah satunya kulit. Peranan ACE2 dalam infeksi COVID-19 menimbulkan beragam manifestasi klinis pada berbagai sistem organ. Artikel ini membahas patomekanisme infeksi COVID-19 pada kulit, berbagai pola manifestasi penyakit kulit, serta berbagai hal yang berkaitan dengan kemunculan lesi kulit pada pasien COVID-19. COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) remains a worldwide pandemic. The main symptom of COVID-19 infection is mostly on respiratory system. Nevertheless, it can also attack other organs, including skin. ACE2 plays a role in COVID-19 infection to many clinical manifestations at system organs. This article reviews COVID-19 infection pathomechanisms towards the skin, patterns of skin manifestations, and various factors in relation to occurrence of skin lesion in COVID-19 patients.

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Piiper, Johannes. "Factors affecting gas transfer in respiratory organs of vertebrates". Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, n. 12 (1 dicembre 1989): 2956–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-418.

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The ability of a gas-exchange organ to transfer respiratory gases (O2 and CO2) between the respiratory medium (air or water) and blood is quantitatively characterized by its transfer conductance, usually termed diffusing capacity, D. The problems in defining and determining D are reviewed. In a blood-perfused gas-exchange organ it is useful to consider the ratio [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text], blood flow; β, effective solubility) which determines the relative role of diffusion limitation. Poor gas transfer may be due to functional inhomogeneities, and not to low D values. Besides the well-known ventilation–perfusion inequality, other types of inhomogeneity involving diffusion resistances in the medium may be operative. Determination of D in functionally inhomogeneous gas-exchange organs is difficult because of both modeling and measurement problems. In blood to medium transfer of CO2, particular features have been noted. First, the equilibration of CO2 between medium and blood appears to be slower than expected on the basis of high physical solubility, owing to the slowness of some steps in the CO2 exchange process (dehydration of carbonic acid, bicarbonate–chloride exchange of red cells). Second, there is controversial evidence for equilibration of pulmonary capillary blood to a CO2 partial pressure lower than that in lung gas.

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24

ITO, HARUMI. "Respiratory organs. 2. Radiologic-pathologic correlations in the respiratory tract disease HRCT." Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 88, n. 3 (1999): 498–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/naika.88.498.

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25

Menikoff, Jerry. "Doubts about Death: The Silence of the Institute of Medicine". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 26, n. 2 (1998): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1998.tb01671.x.

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Abstract (sommario):

Traditionally, organ retrieval from cadavers has taken place only in cases where the declaration of death has occurred using “brain death” criteria. Under these criteria, specific tests are performed to demonstrate directly a lack of brain activity. Recently, as a result of efforts to increase organ procurement, attention has been directed at the use of so-called “non-heart-beating” donors (NHBDs): individuals who are declared dead not as a result of direct measurements of brain function, but rather as a result of the cessation of heart and respiratory functions. Attempts to obtain organs from such individuals have recently resulted in substantial negative publicity. Claims were made that the deaths of patients were being accelerated in order to get organs, and that sometimes organs were being removed from patients who were not yet dead.

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26

Tanaka, Mitsuru. "Advances in imaging diagnosis in the respiratory organs." Nihon Kikan Shokudoka Gakkai Kaiho 37, n. 5 (1986): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2468/jbes.37.373.

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27

IZUMI, TAKATERU. "Respiratory organs.2.Guidelines for treatment of asthma." Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 82, n. 3 (1993): 445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/naika.82.445.

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28

Nakayama, Tomio, Akemi Takenaka, Junji Uchida, Fumio Imamura, Masahiko Higashiyama e Ken Kodama. "Present Status of Clinical Cytopathology of Respiratory Organs". Haigan 47, n. 7 (2007): 941–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2482/haigan.47.941.

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29

Tarasova, L. B., A. K. Boikov, S. P. Boikova, N. N. Kvitko e T. I. Ponomareva. "Changes in respiratory organs in experimental adenovirus infection". Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 107, n. 5 (maggio 1989): 725–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00841798.

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30

Wiklund, Kerstin, e Gunnar Steineck. "Cancer in the respiratory organs of Swedish farmers". Cancer 61, n. 5 (1 marzo 1988): 1055–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19880301)61:5<1055::aid-cncr2820610534>3.0.co;2-u.

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31

Magder, S., D. Lockhat, B. J. Luo e C. Roussos. "Respiratory muscle and organ blood flow with inspiratory elastic loading and shock". Journal of Applied Physiology 58, n. 4 (1 aprile 1985): 1148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.58.4.1148.

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Abstract (sommario):

Since respiratory muscles fail when blood flow is inadequate, we asked whether their blood flow would be maintained in severe hypotensive states at the expense of other vital organs (brain, heart, kidney, gut, spleen). We measured blood flow (radiolabeled microspheres) to respiratory muscles and vital organs in 11 dogs breathing against an inspiratory elastic load, first with normal blood pressure (BP) and then hypotension produced by cardiac tamponade. With the elastic load alone, there was no change in BP or cardiac output; diaphragmatic blood flow (Qdi) increased from 12.8 +/- 7.0 to 34.1 +/- 15.6 ml/100 g, and total respiratory muscle flow (QTR) increased from 56.5 +/- 19.1 to 97.4 +/- 36.5 ml/100 g, but except for the brain, there was no change in blood flow to other organs. With tamponade (mean BP = 79 +/- 16 mmHg), flow decreased to all organs, whereas Qdi (39.0 +/- 19.4) did not change. QTR decreased, but not significantly, to 88.6 +/- 49.5. With more tamponade (mean BP = 53 +/- 13 mmHg), flow to all vital organs decreased as well as QTR (57.9 +/- 47.18), but Qdi did not significantly decrease and had the same relationship to respiratory force as with normal BP. Thus, with severe inspiratory elastic loading and severe hypotension, the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles did most of the respiratory work, and their flow was maintained at the expense of other vital organs.

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32

Qi, Jing, Yang Zhou, Jiao Hua, Liying Zhang, Jialin Bian, Beibei Liu, Zicen Zhao e Shuilin Jin. "The scRNA-seq Expression Profiling of the Receptor ACE2 and the Cellular Protease TMPRSS2 Reveals Human Organs Susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 Infection". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 1 (2 gennaio 2021): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010284.

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Abstract (sommario):

COVID-19 patients always develop multiple organ dysfunction syndromes other than lungs, suggesting the novel virus SARS-CoV-2 also invades other organs. Therefore, studying the viral susceptibility of other organs is important for a deeper understanding of viral pathogenesis. Angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) is the receptor protein of SARS-CoV-2, and TMPRSS2 promotes virus proliferation and transmission. We investigated the ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression levels of cell types from 31 organs to evaluate the risk of viral infection using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. For the first time, we found that the gall bladder and fallopian tube are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Besides, the nose, heart, small intestine, large intestine, esophagus, brain, testis, and kidney are also identified to be high-risk organs with high expression levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Moreover, the susceptible organs are grouped into three risk levels based on the ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression. As a result, the respiratory system, digestive system, and urinary system are at the top-risk level for SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study provides evidence for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the human nervous system, digestive system, reproductive system, respiratory system, circulatory system, and urinary system using scRNA-seq data, which helps in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients.

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33

Bhalerao, Aditya, Snehal Raut, Behnam Noorani, Salvatore Mancuso e Luca Cucullo. "Molecular Mechanisms of Multi-Organ Failure in COVID-19 and Potential of Stem Cell Therapy". Cells 10, n. 11 (25 ottobre 2021): 2878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10112878.

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Abstract (sommario):

As the number of confirmed cases and deaths occurring from Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) surges worldwide, health experts are striving hard to fully comprehend the extent of damage caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although COVID-19 primarily manifests itself in the form of severe respiratory distress, it is also known to cause systemic damage to almost all major organs and organ systems within the body. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms leading to multi-organ failure seen in COVID-19 patients. We also examine the potential of stem cell therapy in treating COVID-19 multi-organ failure cases.

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34

Ciceri, Fabio, Luigi Beretta, Anna Mara Scandroglio, Sergio Colombo, Giovanni Landoni, Annalisa Ruggeri, Jacopo Peccatori et al. "Microvascular COVID-19 lung vessels obstructive thromboinflammatory syndrome (MicroCLOTS): an atypical acute respiratory distress syndrome working hypothesis". Critical Care and Resuscitation 22, n. 2 (1 aprile 2020): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.51893/2020.2.pov2.

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Abstract (sommario):

We suggest the use of MicroCLOTS (microvascular COVID-19 lung vessels obstructive thromboinflammatory syndrome) as a new name for severe pulmonary coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We hypothesise that, in predisposed individuals, alveolar viral damage is followed by an inflammatory reaction and by microvascular pulmonary thrombosis. This progressive endothelial thromboinflammatory syndrome may also involve the microvascular bed of the brain and other vital organs, leading to multiple organ failure and death. Future steps in the understanding of the disease and in the identification of treatments may benefit from this definition and hypothesised sequence of events.

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35

Chandler, Peter, Francis Gilbert e Graham Rotheray. "Final stage larvae and puparia of Platypezidae (Diptera)". Insect Systematics & Evolution 35, n. 1 (2004): 79–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631204788964709.

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Abstract (sommario):

AbstractPlatypezidae occupy an important basal position within the Muscomorpha. However, morphological analyses of larval Platypezidae are incomplete and early stage data is insufficient to inform phylogenetic analysis and recognition of groundplan characters and states within Muscomorpha. For example, knowledge is poor of the characters of respiratory organs, head, head skeleton, thorax and segmental sensilla. In this study we describe and compare these features of 16 species in 11 genera. The head appears as a distinct fleshy organ with atrium and antennae and maxillary organs separated on the dorsal surface. Head skeletons are characterised by an anteriorly projecting labrum and labium with laterally placed mandibles. The prothorax is frequently armoured with sclerotised regions and spicules. A repeated and uniform pattern of up to 11 pairs of sensilla circumvent each thoracic and abdominal segment. Respiratory organs vary little in size and arrangement of spiracular openings. Using a set of 43 larval and puparial characters and based on a Brachyceran outgroup, a sequence of genera is established which places Melanderomyia as the most basal. These results are compared with estimates of phylogeny based on adult characters.

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36

Lopardo, Lara, Peter Michalik e Gustavo Hormiga. "Take a deep breath… The evolution of the respiratory system of symphytognathoid spiders (Araneae, Araneoidea)". Organisms Diversity & Evolution 22, n. 1 (10 novembre 2021): 231–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-021-00524-w.

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Abstract (sommario):

AbstractSpiders are unique in having a dual respiratory system with book lungs and tracheae, and most araneomorph spiders breathe simultaneously via book lungs and tracheae, or tracheae alone. The respiratory organs of spiders are diverse but relatively conserved within families. The small araneoid spiders of the symphytognathoid clade exhibit a remarkably high diversity of respiratory organs and arrangements, unparalleled by any other group of ecribellate orb weavers. In the present study, we explore and review the diversity of symphytognathoid respiratory organs. Using a phylogenetic comparative approach, we reconstruct the evolution of the respiratory system of symphytognathoids based on the most comprehensive phylogenetic frameworks to date. There are no less than 22 different respiratory system configurations in symphytognathoids. The phylogenetic reconstructions suggest that the anterior tracheal system evolved from fully developed book lungs and, conversely, reduced book lungs have originated independently at least twice from its homologous tracheal conformation. Our hypothesis suggests that structurally similar book lungs might have originated through different processes of tracheal transformation in different families. In symphytognathoids, the posterior tracheal system has either evolved into a highly branched and complex system or it is completely lost. No evident morphological or behavioral features satisfactorily explains the exceptional variation of the symphytognathoid respiratory organs.

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37

Kryukov, Evgeniy V., Sergey V. Gaiduk, Yuriy B. Goverdovskiy, Vladimir G. Kuzmich, Alexey B. Bogomolov, Ilya D. Shapovalov, Alexey A. Mihailov, Timofey V. Lyanginen, Stanislav S. Vlasov e Artem A. Ivanov. "A rare clinical case of household gas leak leading to severe asphixia". Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 24, n. 3 (15 ottobre 2022): 521–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma107669.

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Abstract (sommario):

A rare case of severe asphyxia in a young patient due to household gas leakage WAS presented. The patient was found in an unconscious state with signs of respiratory failure at home, requiring respiratory support at the prehospital stage. The patient had a picture of damage to the circulatory organs with the development of acute myocardial ischemia without damage and reactive hydropericardium, respiratory organs in the form of hypoxic pulmonary edema, complicated by the development of bilateral community-acquired pneumonia, hydrothorax and severe respiratory failure, damage to the nervous system with the development of hypoxic encephalopathy with loss of consciousness and bilateral pyramidal syndrome, digestive organs with the development of reactive posthypoxic hepatopathy. Upon admission to the clinic of the field therapy of the Military Medical Academy of S.M. Kirov, which required hospitalization of the patient in the intensive care unit. It was possible to fully stop severe multiple organ damage that developed as a result of acute hypoxic exposure as a result of the complex treatment. This clinical case clearly demonstrates the importance of emergency, systematic and full-fledged intensive care at all stages of providing care to people with acute hypoxic lesions of organs and systems, including severe community-acquired pneumonia and hypoxic myocardial dystrophy. The influence of the early intensive care initiation and timely evacuation at the stage of qualified and specialized medical care on the effectiveness of therapeutic measures is discussed as this plays a fundamental role in the survival of this category of patients. In general, with timely and full-fledged therapeutic measure implementation aimed at treating complications, even severe acute hypoxic organs lesions and systems are reversible, although this may require long-term inpatient treatment and rehabilitation measures in a military sanatorium-resort organization condition of a therapeutic profile, as well as conducting a military medical examination to establish the fitness category for further military service.

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38

Koldibekova, Yu V., Marina A. Zemlyanova, A. M. Ignatova, I. V. Tikhonova, N. I. Markovich, K. V. Chetverkina e V. M. Ukhabov. "ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK FOR HEALTH DISORDERS IN CHILDREN WHO LIVE IN A TERRITORY OF THE ZONE OF EXPOSURE TO PRODUCTION OF METALLURGICAL ALUMINUM". Hygiene and sanitation 98, n. 2 (29 aprile 2019): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-2-135-141.

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Abstract (sommario):

Introduction. The atmospheric air is known to be the most contaminated on territories where industries are highly developed; non-ferrous metallurgy is one of them that make the greatest contribution into atmospheric air contamination. Data and methods. Our research objects were air samples taken on territories where there was located an enterprise producing metallurgic aluminum and our reference samples were taken on a territory where there was no such production; we also examined databases containing data on morbidity of children population, non-carcinogenic risk assessment, number of exposed population, and the results of epidemiologic examination. Results. Quality of the atmospheric air was unsatisfactory as there were concentrations of suspended substances, PM10 solid particles, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, as well as persistence occurrence of manganese, nickel, and copper compounds resulted from activities of enterprises that produced metallurgic aluminum. All the above-mentioned admixtures cause an unacceptable risk of non-carcinogenic effects emerging in the respiratory organs. A significant contribution into hazard index is made by suspended substances, PM10 and PM2.5 particles. Fine-dispersed fraction having a complicated chemical structure (ferric oxides; aluminum, silicon, nickel, chromium, titanium, and manganese oxides), can aggravate negative impacts on the respiratory organs, exerted by the identified risk factors. The prevalence of respiratory organs diseases among children population living on an exposed territory confirms environmental risks to make increased levels of the overall and primary morbidity rate. We proved a probability of respiratory organs diseases to be depended on concentrations of the examined substances in the atmosphere, including suspended substances and fine-dispersed fractions of PM10 and PM2.5, nitrogen oxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, compounds of nickel, manganese, and copper. Discussion. The detected cause-and-effect relations between a risk of increased morbidity with respiratory organs diseases in children and exposure to chemical risk factors, primarily suspended particles, PM10 and PM2.5, are also confirmed by results obtained in a number of research that concentrates on peculiarities of effects produced by the examined chemical factors on respiratory organs diseases in children. Conclusions. Children living on a territory exposed to the exposure exerted by an enterprise that produces metallurgic aluminum have a chronic aerogenic risk for respiratory organs diseases; this risk becomes apparent due to the elevated morbidity rate of respiratory organs diseases. This risk is proved to be related to impacts exerted by suspended substances and fine-dispersed fractions of PM10 and PM2.5, nitrogen oxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, manganese, nickel, and copper.

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39

Bolevich, S. B., e S. S. Bolevich. "Complex mechanism of COVID-19 development". Sechenov Medical Journal 11, n. 2 (6 dicembre 2020): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47093/2218-7332.2020.11.2.50-61.

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Abstract (sommario):

Coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is an acute viral disease, which affects all vital organs and is caused by an RNA-genomic virus of the genus Betacoronavirus of the family Coronaviridae. This virus (SARS-CoV-2) enters the body through the respiratory tract and interacts primarily with Toll-like receptors of epithelial cells of the bronchi, alveoli, intestines and vascular endotheliocytes, as well as with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors. Toll-like receptors activate nuclear factor Kappa B in these cells, which initiates the formation of many cytokines (“cytokine storm”). SARS-CoV-2 affects type II pneumocytes by causing a termination of surfactant formation and, accordingly, alveolar shrinking and the formation of acute respiratory distress syndrome and also fibrosis on the interalveolar-capillary membrane and the formation of acute respiratory failure. SARS-CoV-2 and cytokines disrupt the function of vascular endothelial cells, which leads to endothelial dysfunction. In microvessels forms a mass formation of microthrombi, which causes the failure of organs and systems. “Cytokine storm” turns into cytokine sepsis with the formation of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

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40

Khokhlov, Roman A., Margarita V. Yarmonova e Lyudmila V. Tribuntseva. "Lesions of the heart and parenchymatous organs in patients with COVID-19 and other acute respiratory infections". Russian Family Doctor 27, n. 4 (19 gennaio 2024): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rfd622794.

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Abstract (sommario):

Based on available literature, this study aimed to critically assess the effect of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses on the heart and parenchymatous internal organs, identify their common and distinctive features, assess the frequency of cytokine storm and “post-infection” syndrome, and identify risk factors for severe systemic reaction and damage to internal organs, particularly the heart. In the databases of MEDLINE/PubMed, eLibrary, Web of Science, CyberLeninka, and Openmedcom.ru, primary information (full-text and abstract databases) in English and Russian was searched using selected keywords from 2003 to 2023. Acute respiratory viral infection pathogens can cause not only respiratory but also cardinal, gastroenterological, neurological, and other complications. Acute respiratory viral infections have many similarities in their effects on parenchymal organs. The emergence of new viruses requires in-depth study, and it is important to consider both the distinctive features of the clinical picture of viral infections and the general patterns of influence on internal organs. In the medium term, patients who have COVID-19 may have complex heart damage in the form of a decrease in ventricular ejection fraction, appearance of pericardial effusion, and development of various types of focal myocardial lesions. The combined nature of damage to the heart and parenchymal organs is influenced by background diseases, nature of the course of viral infection, and features of therapy. The features of lesions of parenchymal organs and the heart after acute respiratory viral infection require further study, including their effect on the development of late complications.

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41

Di Renzo, Ludovica, Maria Elisabetta De Angelis, Marina Torresi, Valeria Di Lollo, Giovanni Di Teodoro, Daniela Averaimo, Sabrina Vanessa Patrizia Defourny et al. "First Report of Septicaemic Listeriosis in a Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta) Stranded along the Adriatic Coast: Strain Detection and Sequencing". Animals 12, n. 18 (10 settembre 2022): 2364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12182364.

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Abstract (sommario):

Although there are increasing reports on the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in wild species, this is the first case of listeriosis in sea turtle. An adult female Caretta caretta was rescued after being stranded alive along the coast of the Abruzzo region (Italy) in summer 2021. The turtle died in 6 days due to respiratory failure. The necropsy showed widespread organ lesions, such as yellow foci of necrosis in many organs, gastrointestinal erosions, pericarditis, and granulomatous pneumonia. Microbiological and histological analyses were performed on several organs. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from multiple organs, indicating a case of septicaemic listeriosis, and the genome was sequenced and characterized. All the colonies analysed belonged to the same strain serogroup IVb, ST388, and CC388.

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42

Akhmedova, N. M., e Kh T. Rabbimov. "Development of the Methods for Selecting Respiratory Dust Protection Means for the Miners". Occupational Safety in Industry, n. 6 (giugno 2022): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2022-6-33-39.

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Abstract (sommario):

Currently, the mining industry of the Republic of Uzbekistan is dominated by an open method for solid minerals extraction. In the open pit mining, dust is the main adverse production factor. Its concentration in the environment depends on the development technology, the type and humidity of the mineral and host rocks, the mining equipment used, anti-dust measures, etc. Increase in the volume of mineral extraction due to the intensification of production processes and the introduction of high-performance equipment leads to an increase in the level of dust generation at the workplaces. In this regard, the fight against dust as a harmful professional factor remains an urgent task. In a dusty atmosphere, especially with a high concentration of hazardous suspended particles, various means of individual respiratory protection are used. This allows a significant reduction in the inhaled fraction. Conducted research proved that the real coefficients of respiratory protection in the modern personal protective equipment in the production conditions do not correspond to the declared ones. The main reason is the penetration of the unfiltered air into the area under mask through the gaps between the protective mask and the face of the worker. The necessity of developing a methodology for the selection of respirators that will provide reliable protection of the respiratory organs of the workers was identified. The dust load attributable to the respiratory organs of a miner is determined considering the use of BPS and ASDA respirators.

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43

Makharia, Archita, Manoj Lakhotia, Mudita Gupta e Pradeep Lalwani. "Hypokalaemic quadriparesis with respiratory failure due to latent Sjogren syndrome". BMJ Case Reports 14, n. 7 (luglio 2021): e243057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-243057.

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Abstract (sommario):

Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease with involvement of multiple organs, including both glandular and extraglandular organs. Usually involvement of glandular organs manifests before the extraglandular ones, but when the sequence is reversed, diagnosis may be missed. Hypokalaemic quadriparesis in SS is not uncommon. Respiratory failure in hypokalaemia is not usually seen, but in SS, it has been reported. We report a case of a 55-year-old woman who presented with sudden onset flaccid quadriparesis and respiratory muscle paralysis secondary to severe hypokalaemia. On detailed investigation, she was detected to have distal renal tubular acidosis secondary to clinically inapparent and asymptomatic SS.

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44

Amosov, I. V., A. A. Speranskaia, O. P. Baranova, N. S. Yakovleva e V. P. Zolotnitskaia. "RADIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF FIBROSING SARCOIDOSIS OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS". Russian Electronic Journal of Radiology 9, n. 4 (2019): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21569/2222-7415-2019-9-4-56-67.

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45

.Aleshkin, A. V., e M. V. Zeigarnik. "Phagotherapy of suppurative-inflammatory diseases of the respiratory organs". Infekcionnye bolezni 13, n. 3 (2015): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2015-3-46-53.

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46

Yokoyama, Eiji. "Assessment of Air Pollution Health Effects on Respiratory Organs." Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi (Japanese Journal of Hygiene) 47, n. 5 (1992): 890–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1265/jjh.47.890.

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47

Andreeva, N. A., T. A. Shumatova e P. A. Motavkin. "Nitric oxidergic function of chromaffin cells of respiratory organs". Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 128, n. 2 (agosto 1999): 867–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02433837.

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48

Chunxi, Li, Liu Haiyue, Lin Yanxia, Pan Jianbing e Su Jin. "The Gut Microbiota and Respiratory Diseases: New Evidence". Journal of Immunology Research 2020 (31 luglio 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2340670.

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Abstract (sommario):

Human body surfaces, such as the skin, intestines, and respiratory and urogenital tracts, are colonized by a large number of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, with the gut being the most densely and extensively colonized organ. The microbiome plays an essential role in immune system development and tissue homeostasis. Gut microbiota dysbiosis not only modulates the immune responses of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract but also impacts the immunity of distal organs, such as the lung, further affecting lung health and respiratory diseases. Here, we review the recent evidence of the correlations and underlying mechanisms of the relationship between the gut microbiota and common respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF), lung cancer, and respiratory infection, and probiotic development as a therapeutic intervention for these diseases.

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49

Sukhova, Anna V., E. A. Preobrazhenskaya, A. V. Il’Nitskaya e V. A. Kir’Yakov. "THE HEALTH OF WORKERS OF CONCENTRATING MILLS BY MODERN TECHNOLOGIES OF CONCENTRATION OF MINERALS AND PREVENTION MEASURES". Health Care of the Russian Federation 61, n. 4 (24 maggio 2019): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0044-197x-2017-61-4-196-201.

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Abstract (sommario):

The article presents the results of study of factors of occupational risk for health of workers of ore-dressing factories. At ore-dressing factories, despite of implementing new technological processes and modern equipment, leading role of noise factor and pollution of air of working zone with aerosols predominantly of fibrogenic effect is preserved. for workers of ore-dressing factories a high degree of industrial conditioning of diseases of blood circulation organs, respiratory organs, bone muscular system, INT organs is specific. The structure of occupational diseases is formed by dust diseases of lungs and occupational pathology of organ of hearing. The complex of preventive measures is developed and ways of their implementation are proposed targeted to supporting health of workers opf ore-dressing factories and preventing development of occupational and occupationally conditioned diseases.

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50

Babazhitsu, M., O. O. Adegoke, S. A. Abayomi e B. Adegboro. "Pathologic changes in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: a review". African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology 22, n. 4 (24 settembre 2021): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v22i4.1.

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Abstract (sommario):

Severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters cells using the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which are expressed by the respiratory tract endothelium, epithelial cells of the stomach, duodenum, ileum, rectum, cholangiocytes, and hepatocytes. Pathological examinations of these organs are not feasible method of diagnosis but can explain pathological changes, pathogenesis of the disease, and the cause of death in COVID-19 cases. In this review, we performed a literature search for COVID-19-related pathological changes seen during post-mortem examinations in different organs of the body including the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, skin, heart and blood. Our findings showed that SARS-CoV-2 has damaging effects on many organs, probably due to the host immune responses to the presence of the virus. It is recommended that both antiviral and immunomodulatory agents should be considered in the management of COVID-19 patients for better prognosis, and clinical outcome. French title: Changements pathologiques chez les patients infectés par le SRAS-CoV-2: une revue Le syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pénètre dans les cellules à l'aide de l'enzyme de conversion de l'angiotensine 2 (ACE2), qui est exprimée par l'endothélium des voies respiratoires, les cellules épithéliales de l'estomac, du duodénum, de l'iléon, du rectum, des cholangiocytes, et les hépatocytes. Les examens pathologiques de ces organes ne sont pas une méthode de diagnostic réalisable, mais peuvent expliquer les changements pathologiques, la pathogenèse de la maladie et la cause du décès dans les cas de COVID-19. Dans cette revue, nous avons effectué une recherche bibliographique sur les changements pathologiques liés au COVID-19 observés lors d'examens post-mortem dans différents organes du corps, notamment les poumons, le tractus gastro-intestinal, le foie, les reins, la peau, le coeur et le sang. Nos résultats ont montré que le SRAS-CoV-2 a des effets néfastes sur de nombreux organes, probablement en raison des réponses immunitaires de l'hôte à la présence du virus. Il est recommandé que les agents antiviraux et immunomodulateurs soient pris en compte dans la prise en charge des patients COVID-19 pour un meilleur pronostic et des résultats cliniques.

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