Articoli di riviste: "Respiratory agents"

1

Prince, Gregory A. "Respiratory syncytial virus antiviral agents". Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents 9, n. 6 (giugno 1999): 753–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/13543776.9.6.753.

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STEELE, RUSSELL W. "Antiviral agents for respiratory infections". Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 7, n. 6 (giugno 1988): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-198806000-00036.

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Tunevall, G., M. Ohlson, A. Svedmyr, G. Zeipel, Å. Frisk, P. Hedlund, B. Lamberger e H. Jernelius. "Aetiologic Agents in Respiratory Illness". Acta Medica Scandinavica 174, n. 2 (24 aprile 2009): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1963.tb07917.x.

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Tremblay, Cecile L. "Antiviral agents against respiratory viruses". Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 23, n. 21 (novembre 2001): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-4399(01)89050-4.

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Warden, Craig R. "Respiratory Agents: Irritant Gases, Riot Control Agents, Incapacitants, and Caustics". Critical Care Clinics 21, n. 4 (ottobre 2005): 719–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccc.2005.05.008.

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S.H Torun, S. H. Torun, Ayper SOMER, Melis KANTURVARDAR, Selim BADUR, Nuran SALMAN e Ensar YEKELER. "Respiratory Viruses; Today’s Troubled Agents, Candidates for Marker of Diagnosis and Prognosis". Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, n. 10 (1 ottobre 2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/oct2013/102.

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Chung, Moon-Hyun. "New Antimicrobial Agents in Respiratory Medicine". Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 60, n. 1 (2006): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4046/trd.2006.60.1.5.

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&NA;. "Surface active agents in respiratory disorders". Inpharma Weekly &NA;, n. 721 (gennaio 1990): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199007210-00045.

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Brooks, Megan J., Joseph J. Sasadeusz e Gregory A. Tannock. "Antiviral chemotherapeutic agents against respiratory viruses". Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 10, n. 3 (maggio 2004): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00063198-200405000-00009.

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Alshami, Abbas, Daryelle S. Varon e Joseph Varon. "Calpain Inhibitors: Promising Agents in Respiratory Medicine". Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews 14, n. 4 (1 febbraio 2019): 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573398x1404190126094459.

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&NA;. "Surface active agents in respiratory disorders (continued)". Inpharma Weekly &NA;, n. 722 (febbraio 1990): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199007220-00052.

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Blanchard, E., M. E. Truchetet, I. Machelart, J. Séneschal e C. Raherison-Semjen. "Respiratory infections associated with anti-TNFα agents". Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 47, n. 6 (ottobre 2017): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medmal.2017.05.002.

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de Torres, Juan P., Víctor Correa, Jacob Rosquete e Tomás Febles. "Riot control agents and their respiratory effects". Respiratory Medicine Extra 2, n. 1 (gennaio 2006): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmedx.2005.10.005.

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MacDonald, N. E. "Infections with respiratory viruses and allied agents". Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 2, n. 3 (giugno 1989): 449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001432-198906000-00021.

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Ford, Richard B. "Role of Infectious Agents in Respiratory Disease". Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 23, n. 1 (gennaio 1993): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-5616(93)50002-5.

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Bryson, Yvonne J. "Antiviral Agents". Clinics in Chest Medicine 7, n. 3 (settembre 1986): 453–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-5231(21)01115-1.

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Ziment, Irwin, e Janet P. Au. "Anticholinergic Agents". Clinics in Chest Medicine 7, n. 3 (settembre 1986): 355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-5231(21)01108-4.

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Al-maamory, Rana Kadum Kareem, e Abd Alnabi Jawed AL-Mammory. "Exploring the Interplay of Respiratory Infections and Bacterial Agents". JOURNAL OF UNIVERSITY OF BABYLON for Pure and Applied Sciences 32, n. 2 (1 luglio 2024): 214–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29196/jubpas.v32i2.5281.

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Background: Bacterial infections are often associated with respiratory infections, commonly complicating conditions like pneumonia, bronchitis, and sinusitis. Understanding this link is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment in managing respiratory health. Materials and Methods: Researcher cultivate bacteria from patients with respiratory diseases in a specialized nutritional medium. This process allows for the identification and characterization of pathogenic microorganisms and their interactions within the respiratory tract. By studying these cultivated samples, scientists can gain valuable insights into the nature of respiratory infections, including the types of bacteria presents, their behaviors, and how they interact with the respiratory system. This method plays a crucial role in understanding the microbiology of respiratory diseases, facilitating the development of targeted treatments and interventions to combat these conditions. Results: The results of our study revealed a significant correlation between the variables under investigation, supporting our hypothesis. Statistical analysis demonstrated a clear pattern of outcomes, with notable trends and variations observed in the collected data. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study underscores the importance of addressing bacterial infections as a critical aspect of managing respiratory illnesses. These findings contribute to a broader understanding of respiratory health and may inform strategies for more effective prevention and management of bacterial complications in respiratory infections.

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McLean, Duncan J., Daniel Diaz-Gil, Hassan N. Farhan, Karim S. Ladha, Tobias Kurth e Matthias Eikermann. "Dose-dependent Association between Intermediate-acting Neuromuscular-blocking Agents and Postoperative Respiratory Complications". Anesthesiology 122, n. 6 (1 giugno 2015): 1201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000000674.

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Abstract Background: Duration of action increases with repeated administration of neuromuscular-blocking agents, and intraoperative use of high doses of neuromuscular-blocking agent may affect respiratory safety. Methods: In a hospital-based registry study on 48,499 patients who received intermediate-acting neuromuscular-blocking agents, the authors tested the primary hypothesis that neuromuscular-blocking agents are dose dependently associated with the risk of postoperative respiratory complications. In the secondary analysis, the authors evaluated the association between neostigmine dose given for reversal of neuromuscular-blocking agents and respiratory complications. Post hoc, the authors evaluated the effects of appropriate neostigmine reversal (neostigmine ≤60 μg/kg after recovery of train-of-four count of 2) on respiratory complications. The authors controlled for patient-, anesthesia-, and surgical complexity–related risk factors. Results: High doses of neuromuscular-blocking agents were associated with an increased risk of postoperative respiratory complications (n = 644) compared with low doses (n = 205) (odds ratio [OR], 1.28; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.57). Neostigmine was associated with a dose-dependent increase in the risk of postoperative respiratory complications (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.83). Post hoc analysis revealed that appropriate neostigmine reversal eliminated the dose-dependent association between neuromuscular-blocking agents and respiratory complications (for neuromuscular-blocking agent effects with appropriate reversal: OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.63 to 1.52). Conclusions: The use of neuromuscular-blocking agents was dose dependently associated with increased risk of postoperative respiratory complications. Neostigmine reversal was also associated with a dose-dependent increase in the risk of respiratory complications. However, the exploratory data analysis suggests that the proper use of neostigmine guided by neuromuscular transmission monitoring results can help eliminate postoperative respiratory complications associated with the use of neuromuscular-blocking agents.

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Filho, Edivá Basilio da Silva, Aline Laiane Silva, Alcione Oliveira Santos, Deusilene Souza Vieira Dall’acqua e Luan Felipo Botelho Souza. "Infecções Respiratórias de Importância Clínica: uma Revisão Sistemática". REVISTA FIMCA 4, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2017): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37157/fimca.v4i1.5.

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Introdução: Doenças respiratórias caracterizam-se como infecções que causam obstrução da passagem de ar tanto a nível do trato respiratório superior como inferior e estão entre as infecções de maior índice de morbimortalidade do mundo. Objetivos: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as principais infecções respiratórias de importância clínica e os principais agentes etiológicos, compilando os tipos de infecções, agentes etiológicos mais prevalentes e os principais locais de estudo. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática realizada mediante pesquisa de artigos publicados entre os anos de 2010 e 2016, nos idiomas Português, Espanhol e Inglês. A coleta eletrônica foi conduzida utilizando os bancos de dados MEDLINE/PubMed e BVS e usando os seguintes descritores, respiratory tract infection, epidemiology, mortality e transmission, indexados no Medical Subject Headings database (MeSH). Resultados: Seguindo os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 33 estudos para revisão. Foi perceptível o alto índice de publicações do Brasil referente ao tema, seguido da China, EUA, Áustria e Reino Unido. Foi observado que grande parte dos estudos mencionou a influenza como patologia clínica predominante, ficando evidente que o principal agente causador das infecções respiratórias foi o agente etiológico viral, seguido do bacteriano. Conclusão: Constatou-se uma alta distribuição geográfica dos estudos referente ao tema, destacando o Brasil como o país com o maior número de publicações. Porém, o assunto ainda é pouco discutido frente ao grande impacto socioeconômico causado pelo mesmo. No que diz respeito aos agentes etiológicos causadores das infecções respiratórias, prevaleceram os vírus, sugerindo então um melhor esquema de diagnóstico a cerca desse tipo de infecção. Introduction: Respiratory diseases are defined as infections that obstruct the air passage both at the upper and lower respiratory tract and are among the infections with the highest morbidity and mortality rate in the world. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the respiratory infections of clinical importance and their main etiological agents, compiling the types of infections, the most prevalent etiological agents, and the main study sites. Materials and Methods: This is a systematic review performed through articles published between 2010 and 2016 in Portuguese, Spanish, and English. The electronic collect was conducted using the MEDLINE / PubMed and BVS databases and using the following descriptors, respiratory tract infection, epidemiology, mortality, and transmission, indexed in Medical Subject Headings database (MeSH). Results: Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 33 studies were selected for review. It was noticeable the high index of publications of Brazil referring to the subject, followed by China, USA, Austria and United Kingdom. It was observed that most of the studies mentioned influenza as the predominant respiratory clinical pathology. It is evident that the main cause of the respiratory infections was the viral etiologic agent followed by bacteria. Conclusion: We found a high geographical distribution of the studies related to the topic, where Brazil was highlighted as the country in which there were more publications. However, the subject is still little discussed given the socioeconomic impact caused by it. Concerning the etiological agents that cause respiratory infections, viruses prevailed, suggesting a better diagnostic approach to this type of infection.

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Tugwell, Susan, e Gordon S. Stokes. "Angiotensin converting‐enzyme inhibitor agents and respiratory symptoms". Medical Journal of Australia 147, n. 5 (settembre 1987): 263–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133444.x.

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Panova, А. E., I. B. Kulikova, D. А. Lagutkin, А. S. Vinokurov, M. V. Shulgina e I. А. Vasilyeva. "Coronaviruses as causative agents of severe respiratory diseases". Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases 98, n. 7 (16 agosto 2020): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21292/2075-1230-2020-98-7-6-13.

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The review presents 61 publications on the molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity, specific parameters of the infectious process and possibilities of laboratory diagnosis of coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 - of the causative agent of COVID-19.

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Welchman, D. d. B., J. M. Bradbury, D. Cavanagh e N. J. Aebischer. "Infectious agents associated with respiratory disease in pheasants". Veterinary Record 150, n. 21 (25 maggio 2002): 658–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.150.21.658.

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Prince, Gregory A. "An update on respiratory syncytial virus antiviral agents". Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 10, n. 2 (febbraio 2001): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/13543784.10.2.297.

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Prasad, G., Beer Singh e R. Vijayaraghavan. "Respiratory Protection Against Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents". Defence Science Journal 58, n. 5 (24 settembre 2008): 686–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.58.1692.

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Cruciani, Mario, Giorgio Gatti, Angelo Cazzadori e Ercole Concia. "Pharmacokinetics of antimicrobial agents in the respiratory tract". Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie 284, n. 1 (giugno 1996): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0934-8840(96)80150-2.

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Sloots, T. P., D. M. Whiley, S. B. Lambert e M. D. Nissen. "Emerging respiratory agents: New viruses for old diseases?" Journal of Clinical Virology 42, n. 3 (luglio 2008): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2008.03.002.

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Barry, A. L. "Antimicrobial agents for community-acquired respiratory tract infections". Infection 23, S2 (marzo 1995): S59—S64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01742985.

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Torbic, Heather, e Abhijit Duggal. "Neuromuscular blocking agents for acute respiratory distress syndrome". Journal of Critical Care 49 (febbraio 2019): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2018.10.019.

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Carder, Melanie, Martin J. Seed, Annemarie Money, Raymond M. Agius e Martie van Tongeren. "Occupational and work-related respiratory disease attributed to cleaning products". Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, n. 8 (5 giugno 2019): 530–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-105646.

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ObjectivesExposure to cleaning products has been associated with adverse respiratory outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the medically reported incidence, trends in incidence and occupational determinants of work-related respiratory disorders attributed to cleaning agents and to explore the role of ‘Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships’ (QSAR) in corroborating the identification of chemical respiratory sensitisers.MethodsRespiratory diagnoses attributed to cleaning agents were extracted from The Health and Occupation Research (THOR) surveillance network, 1989–2017. Incidence, trends in incidence and incidence rate ratios by occupation were investigated. Agents were classified by chemical type and QSAR hazard indices were determined for specific organic chemicals.ResultsApproximately 6% (779 cases) of the (non-asbestos) THOR respiratory cases were attributed to cleaning agents. Diagnoses were predominantly asthma (58%) and inhalation accidents (27%) with frequently reported chemical categories being aldehydes (30%) and chlorine/its releasers (26%). No significant trend in asthma incidence (1999–2017) was observed (annual average change of −1.1% (95% CI −4.4 to 2.4)). This contrasted with a statistically significant annual decline in asthma incidence (−6.8% (95% CI −8.0 to −5.6)) for non-cleaning agents. There was a large variation in risk between occupations. 7 of the 15 organic chemicals specifically identified had a QSAR generated hazard index consistent with being a respiratory sensitiser.ConclusionSpecific occupations appear to be at increased risk of adverse respiratory outcomes attributed to cleaning agents. While exposure to agents such as glutaraldehyde have been addressed, other exposures, such as to chlorine, remain important. Chemical features of the cleaning agents helped distinguish between sensitising and irritant agents.

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Tan, Ricardo Antonio, e Sheldon L. Spector. "Antileukotriene agents". Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 3, n. 3 (maggio 1997): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00063198-199705000-00006.

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Yamashita, Tomonori, Akinori Uchiyama, Yukiko Koyama, Takeshi Yoshida, Aiko Tanaka e Yuji Fujino. "Effects of alkaline agents on respiratory characteristics in rabbit models of respiratory failure". Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology 280 (settembre 2020): 103485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2020.103485.

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Sasaki, Nobuo, Matthew J. Meyer e Matthias Eikermann. "Postoperative Respiratory Muscle Dysfunction". Anesthesiology 118, n. 4 (1 aprile 2013): 961–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e318288834f.

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Abstract Postoperative pulmonary complications are responsible for significant increases in hospital cost as well as patient morbidity and mortality; respiratory muscle dysfunction represents a contributing factor. Upper airway dilator muscles functionally resist the upper airway collapsing forces created by the respiratory pump muscles. Standard perioperative medications (anesthetics, sedatives, opioids, and neuromuscular blocking agents), interventions (patient positioning, mechanical ventilation, and surgical trauma), and diseases (lung hyperinflation, obesity, and obstructive sleep apnea) have differential effects on the respiratory muscle subgroups. These effects on the upper airway dilators and respiratory pump muscles impair their coordination and function and can result in respiratory failure. Perioperative management strategies can help decrease the incidence of postoperative respiratory muscle dysfunction. Such strategies include minimally invasive procedures rather than open surgery, early and optimal mobilizing of respiratory muscles while on mechanical ventilation, judicious use of respiratory depressant anesthetics and neuromuscular blocking agents, and noninvasive ventilation when possible.

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Cynamon, Michael H., e Sally P. Klemens. "New Antimycobacterial Agents". Clinics in Chest Medicine 10, n. 3 (settembre 1989): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-5231(21)00638-9.

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Потехин, Андрей, e Andrey Potehin. "Susceptibility of pathogens isolated from pigs and cattle to marbofloxacin". Russian veterinary journal 2019, n. 6 (27 novembre 2019): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32416/2500-4379-2019-2019-6-20-25.

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A retrospective review of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 134 bacterial isolates to fluoroquinolones, which are the most common in pigs, 74 isolates of cattle respiratory pathogens, and 101 isolates of causative agents of cattle mastitis isolated at FSBE «ARRIAH». The testing was held on animals from different age groups since 2014 to 2019. The causative agents of respiratory diseases in pigs P. multocida, A. pleuropleumoniae, H. parasuis showed high sensitivity to marbofloxacin, and therefore it can be recommended for the treatment of respiratory infections of pigs. The causative agents of cattle respiratory diseases also demonstrate high susceptibility to marbofloxacin, and can be recommended for the treatment of bacterial infections in cattle.

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Khumyrzakh, Bakhytbol, Yung-Chuan Cheng, Chuan-Yu Lai, Kai-Chih Chang e Chun-Chieh Tseng. "Spreading a Durable Protective Layer of Quaternary Ammonium Agents on an N95 Respirator for Predecontamination of Airborne Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Viruses Using Mycobacterium smegmatis and Bacteriophage MS2 as Models". Indoor Air 2023 (22 novembre 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8484714.

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Tuberculosis (TB) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), respectively, are serious public health issues. N95 respirators are commonly used to protect people from infections in high-risk environments. Consequently, we used Mycobacterium smegmatis and bacteriophage MS2 as MTB and SARS-CoV-2 surrogates to evaluate the ability of a quaternary ammonium agent (QAA) coating on the surface of new N95 respirators to reduce the microbial burden upon aerosol exposure. Regarding the burden (105 CFU (or PFU)/m3) of M. smegmatis and MS2 phage that settled onto the respirator surface, the QAA yielded average reduction efficiencies ( R % ) of 92.4% and 99.8%, respectively. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of the coated respirator was maintained for one week. For bioaerosols that contacted the respirator (105 CFU (or PFU)/m3), the R % of the QAA was 90.7% for M. smegmatis and 94.4% for MS2 phage on the outermost layer of the respirator. Moreover, filtration efficiencies between a QAA-coated respirator and an untreated respirator were not significantly altered ( p = 0.332 ). These results demonstrate that this QAA product has a durable antimicrobial activity and could reduce the MTB and SARS-CoV-2 concentrations on the N95 respirator surface. However, it is recommended that such a coating respirator not be worn for more than 4 hours based on hemolysis assay results.

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Carvajal-Millán, E., A. A. Gardea, A. Rascón-Chu, J. A. Orozco, N. Ponce de León, J. A. Márquez-Escalante, A. Romo Chacón e V. M. Guerrero. "Respiratory response of apple buds treated with budbreaking agents". Thermochimica Acta 457, n. 1-2 (giugno 2007): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2007.03.004.

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Gül, Özlem, Umut Devrim Binay, Orçun Barkay, Barış Gülhan, Uğur Durmuş e Faruk Karakeçili. "Respiratory Tract Viral Agents in the COVID 19 Pandemic". Kocaeli Medical Journal 11, n. 3 (2022): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/ktd.2022.00187.

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Коломиец, Н. Д., О. Н. Романова, М. В. Соколова, Т. И. Волошко, О. Н. Ханенко, С. В. Кузнецов, О. В. Тонко et al. "Actual Causative Agents of Acute Respiratory Infections in Children". Клиническая инфектология и паразитология 12, n. 3 (14 dicembre 2023): 191–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.34883/pi.2023.12.3.026.

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Острые респираторные инфекции у детей встречаются повсеместно, их клинические формы многообразны. Но самой тяжелой из них является пневмония, при которой отмечается высокая смертность в возрасте до 5 лет. При подготовке данной работы был осуществлен электронный поиск в PubMed, UpToDate, Scopus, Web of Science, eLIBRARY, CDC, ECDC, WHO/ВОЗ без языковых ограничений. Подавляющее большинство ОРИ имеют вирусную этиологию, но инфекции бактериальной этиологии особенно ответственны за тяжелые инвазивные формы. Многими авторами было обращено внимание на значимость коинфекций, особенно часто наблюдались бактериально-бактериальные, вирус-бактериальные и вирус-вирусные коинфекции. Хотя роль бактериально-вирусных коинфекций не определена, но, по-видимому, они могут иметь отношение к тяжести заболевания. Распространенность коинфекции была неодинакова среди пациентов с COVID-19 в различных исследованиях и могла достигать 50%. На начальном этапе пандемии SARS-CoV-2 проведение противоэпидемических мероприятий сопровождалось снижением частоты инвазивных бактериальных и других вирусных инфекций, передающихся воздушно-капельным путем. Однако уже на втором году пандемии было отмечено, что «рутинный» микробный пейзаж восстанавливается. Среди бактериальных патогенов было обращено внимание на стремительное увеличение числа случаев инвазивных заболеваний, вызванных Streptococcus pyogenes. По нашим наблюдениям, только за 6 месяцев 2023 г. показатель частоты встречаемости случаев заболевания скарлатиной составил 8,1 (95% ДИ 6,3–9,9) на 1000 госпитализированных детей, в 2,8 раза превысив аналогичный показатель за весь предшествующий 2022 календарный год (p<0,05). Среди госпитализированных детей мы наблюдали крайне тяжелые формы инфекции. Одно из таких наблюдений с основным диагнозом «скарлатина» у мальчика 7 лет, ранее не болевшего, приводится в статье. Заключение. На данном этапе необходимо продолжить статистический анализ эпидемиологических характеристик респираторных возбудителей у госпитализированных детей с инфекциями дыхательных путей, чтобы более четко определить спектр ведущих патогенов, наладить своевременную диагностику и организацию адекватного лечения. Acute respiratory infections in children are ubiquitous, their clinical form is diverse. But the most severe of them is pneumonia, in which there is a high mortality rate before the age of 5 years. In preparing this work, an electronic search was carried out in PubMed, UpToDate, Scopus, Web of Science, eLIBRARY, CDC, ECDC, WHO/WHO without language restrictions. The vast majority of ARIs are of viral etiology, but infections of bacterial etiology are particularly responsible for severe invasive forms. Many authors have drawn attention to the significance of co-infections, especially bacterial-bacterial, virus-bacterial and virus- viral co-infections were observed. Although the role of bacterial-viral co-infections has not been determined, it seems that they may be related to the severity of the disease. The prevalence of co-infection was not the same among patients with COVID-19 in different studies and could reach up to 50%. At the initial stage of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, anti-epidemic measures were accompanied by a decrease in the frequency of invasive bacterial and other viral infections transmitted by airborne droplets. However, already in the second year of the pandemic, it was noted that the "routine" microbial landscape was being restored. Among bacterial pathogens, attention has been drawn to the rapid increase in the number of cases of invasive diseases caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. Based on our observations in only 6 months of 2023, the incidence rate of the cases of scarlet fever 8.1 (95% CI 6.3–9.9) per 1000 hospitalized children, and 2.8 times higher than the same indicator for the entire previous calendar year 2022 (p<0.05). Among hospitalized children, we observed extremely severe forms of infection. One of these observations, with the main diagnosis of scarlet fever in a 7-year-old boy who had not previously been ill, is given in the article. Conclusion. At this stage, it is necessary to continue the statistical analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory pathogens in hospitalized children with respiratory tract infections in order to more clearly determine the range of leading pathogens, establish timely diagnosis and organize adequate treatment.

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Hanyanunt, Patomroek, Piraporn Juntanawiwat, Tassananwan Chatreewonanakul, Patsanun Potisuwan, Waristha Simsiriporn, Saowaluck Phondee, Nitchatorn Sungsirin, Piyanate Kesakomol, Veerachai Watanaveeradej e Tanit Boonsiri. "EFFECTS OF ULTRAVIOLET C (UVC) LIGHT AND DRY HEAT ON FILTRATION PERFORMANCE OF N95 RESPIRATOR MASK". Journal of Southeast Asian Medical Research 4, n. 2 (26 dicembre 2020): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.55374/jseamed.v4i2.75.

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Background: The emergence of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) creates one of the most pressing issues with a severe shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) particularly N95 respirators in healthcare settings worldwide. Recently, possible strategies to decontaminate disposable N95 respirators, including using ultraviolet C (UVC) irradiation and heat treatment, were reported to consider safely reusing the respirators. However, both methods create potential risks to reduce the ability of the respirator filter especially when exposed to these methods multiple times resulting in infectious agents passing through the filter. Objective: The study aimed to ensure the effectiveness of UVC and dry heat to decontaminate N95 respirators. Methods: N95 respirators were exposed continually to UVC and dry heat at 70°C. Then the ability of the aerosol penetration was assessed by introducing an aerosol containing a rotavirus used as a delegate for SARS-CoV2. The existence of the rotavirus at both external (front) and internal surfaces (back) of the N95 respirators was investigated using RT-PCR. Results: UVC and dry heat administered at a 30-minute cycle up to 5 cycles did not change the filtration performance of the N95 respirators. Our results suggested that the reuse of disposable N95 respirators decontaminated by either UVC or dry heat could be possible under the test conditions used. Conclusion: To reuse N95 respirators, UVC and dry heat were useful to apply amid the pandemic of respiratory diseases.

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Dvoretsky, Leonid I. "Elderly patient with acute respiratory viral infection". Clinical review for general practice 4, n. 1 (28 gennaio 2023): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47407/kr2023.4.1.00184.

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The acute respiratory viral infections (ArVIs) continue to be uncontrollable infections due to high transmissibility, broad spectrum of causative agents, the lack of effective antiviral drugs and vaccination against the majority of these agents (except for influenza virus). Furthermore, the issue of ArVI is of particular importance for elderly people taking into account the frequently occurring decompensation of pre-existing comorbidities due to ArVI that obscures ArVI and affects the course and outcome of the disease. The paper reports data on epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of ArVI in elderly and senile patients.

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Holko, I., J. Urbanova, THolkova e V. Kmet. "Diagnostics of main bacterial agents of porcine respiratory diseases complex (PRDC) using PCR detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae". Veterinární Medicína 49, No. 2 (29 marzo 2012): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5672-vetmed.

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The main goal of our work is the presentation and analysis of incidence of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) regarding bacterial agents in the territory of northern districts of Slovakia. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and other secondary bacterial causative pathogens of PRDC comprised 75.2% of all cases (98) with clinical signs of respiratory infections that we examined in the course of one year. We present also one of possibilities to the solution of problematic detection of M. hyopneumoniae which is, like the whole rank of mycoplasmas, very difficult to cultivate. This problem was solved by using the PCR method with the direct isolation of M. hyopneumoniae from lungs tissue. In antibiotic sensitivity testing of Pasteurella multocida and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae resulted enrofloxacin as the most effective antibiotics in the therapy of PRDC regarding bacterial agents.in above mentioned territory.

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43

Lobova, D., L. Kohoutova, D. Molinkova, K. Rosenbergova, O. Kubicek e V. Celer. " Prevalence of etiological agents of selected respiratory infections in chicken and turkey farms in the Czech Republic". Veterinární Medicína 57, No. 3 (4 aprile 2012): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5852-vetmed.

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The causative agents of respiratory diseases of turkeys represent, primarily in fattening farms, a substantial risk of economic and breeding problems. The purpose of this communication is to provide information on the prevalence of respiratory agents of turkeys and chickens in several fattening and production farms in Southern Moravia. This study was focused on pathogens causing bacterial diseases such as Ornithobacteriosis and Mycoplasmosis, as well as viral rhinotracheitis and laryngotracheitis of poultry. The laboratory diagnosis of these diseases has been performed in our institute since January 2008. We examined 249 samples of turkeys and chickens from a single rearing house and six fattening farms in Southern Moravia. The samples were examined using the PCR or RT-PCR method. The typing of isolates of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale was done using the M13 fingerprinting method. We established the prevalence of pathogens such as Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), Mycoplasma synoviae (MS), avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) and laryngotracheitis virus (ILT) in selected farms.  

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Hassan, Dlshad A., Shwan K. Rachid e John Ziebuhr. "A Single-Center Study of Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Hospitalized Children From the Kurdistan Region of Iraq". Global Pediatric Health 5 (1 gennaio 2018): 2333794X1878499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x18784996.

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Viral respiratory infections are among the most common causes of disease in humans, particularly in young children, and remain a major public health problem worldwide. For many geographic regions, there is limited epidemiological information on the main causative agents of these diseases. In this article, we investigated, in a prospective study, the viral agents leading to acute respiratory disease in children younger than 15 years of age who were admitted to the pediatric emergency unit of a major teaching hospital in Erbil City, capital of the Kurdistan region, Iraq. Nasopharyngeal samples obtained from 269 hospitalized children were analyzed for viral respiratory pathogens using the xTAG Respiratory Virus Panel Fast assay, and the data were correlated with the clinical and demographic information available for these patients. One or more respiratory virus(es) were detected in 203 out of 269 (75.5%) samples. The most frequent viruses were enterovirus/rhinovirus (n = 88; 32.7%), respiratory syncytial virus (n = 55; 20.4%), and human metapneumovirus (n = 36; 13.4%). In 42 samples (15.6%), coinfections with 2 or more respiratory viruses were detected, with enterovirus/rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, and adenovirus being identified as the most common agents in viral coinfections in these patients.

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45

Qüdrət qızı Orucova, Elza, Lalə İslah qızı Rüstəmova, Adilə Novruz qızı Ələsgərova, Gülnarə Aydın qızı Kərimova e Fəridə Hafiz qızı Heydərova. "To study of antiviral activity of artemicia L. etheric oil in experimental model". SCIENTIFIC WORK 75, n. 2 (18 febbraio 2022): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/75/133-138.

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Kəskin respirator virus infeksiyalarında terapevtik məqsədlər üçün bitki mənşəli yeni dərman vasitələrinin aparılması eksperimental təbabətin əsas istiqamətlərindən biridir. Bu tədqiqatın məqsədi eksperimental modeldə Artemicia L. efir yağının antiviral fəaliyyətini öyrənməkdir. Bu məqsədlə immunxromatoqrafiya üsulu ilə kəskin respirator infeksiya şübhəsi olan 202 xəstənin burun və burun-udlağın yaxmalarında bəzi respirator viruslar aşkar edilib. Tədqiqatların nəticələri göstərir ki, 2018-2019-cu illərdə Bakı şəhərində kəskin respirator virus infeksiyalarının törədicilərinin etioloji strukturlarında qopma tezliyindən asılı olaraq respirator sinsisial virus və respirator adenovirus üstünlük təşkil etmişdir (2,3%). Artemicia İssayevi Rzazade efir yağının antiviral aktivliyi 50-75%, Malabalia efir yağının antiviral aktivliyi təxminən 25% təşkil edir. Açar sözlər: kəskin respirator virus infeksiyaları, Artemisia L., Yovşan cinsi, Artemisia issayevi Rzazade, efir yağı,antivirus fəallıq, in vitro, immunxromatoqrafiya Elza Gudrat Orujova Lala Islah Rustamova Adila Novruz Alasgarova Gulnara Aydin Karimova Farida Hafiz Heydarova To study of antiviral activity of artemicia L. etheric oil in experimental model Summary The carrying out the new drug means of plant origin for terapeutical purpose in acute respiratory viral infections is an detual direction of experimental medicine. The aim of present investigation is to study of antiviral activity of Artemicia L. etheric oil in experimental model. For this purpose the nasal and nasopharyngeal smears of 202 patiens with suspicion for acute respiratory infection have been observed for some respiratory viruses by using the immunchromatography method. The results of investigations showes that in the etiological structures of agents of acute respiratory viral infections in Baku city during 2018-2019 years from depending of appedring frequency the respiratory sinsitsial virus and respiratory adenovirus have been dominate (2,3%). The antivirul activity of Artemicia issayevi Rzazade etheric oil was 50-75%, the antiviral activity of Malabalia etheric oil consist about 25%. Key words: the acute respiratory viral infections, Artemisia L., Artemisia issayevi Rzazade, etheric oil, antiviral activity, in vitro, immunochromatography

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Nichols, W. Garrett, Angela J. Peck Campbell e Michael Boeckh. "Respiratory Viruses Other than Influenza Virus: Impact and Therapeutic Advances". Clinical Microbiology Reviews 21, n. 2 (aprile 2008): 274–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00045-07.

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SUMMARY Though several antivirals have been developed and marketed to treat influenza virus infections, the development of antiviral agents with clinical activity against other respiratory viruses has been more problematic. Here we review the epidemiology of respiratory viral infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts, examine the evidence surrounding the currently available antivirals for respiratory viral infections other than influenza, highlight those that are in the pipeline, and discuss the hurdles for development of such agents.

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Grossman, Ronald F. "New Role of Quinolones in Respiratory Tract Infections". Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 9, suppl e (1998): 35E—40E. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/878524.

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Because of limited activity of the standard quinolones such as ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin against some clinically important organisms including Streptococcus pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, new quinolones have been developed. In addition to their improved activity against S pneumoniae, some also demonstrate excellent anaerobic activity. None of the quinolones have a role to play in the treatment of paediatric infections. Quinolones (both older and newer agents) have demonstrated equivalent efficacy to standard antimicrobials in the treatment of acute sinusitis. Several groups have suggested that quinolones are excellent agents in the treatment of high risk patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. These patients include the elderly, and those with frequent exacerbations, significant comorbid conditions. long duration of chronic bronchitis and major impairment of lung function. There is no evidence to suggest that the newer quinolones will differ from the currently available agents for th is disease. The major advantage of the newer quinolones appears to be in the treatment of patients with community-acquired pneumonia where pneumococcal infection is a real concern. A new parenteral quinolone with pneumococcal activity may replace the standard macrolide/cephalosporin combination that is commonly prescribed. For patients with nosocomial pneumonia, the newer agents are alternative choices, especially among patients with early onset pneumonia (less than five days of hospitalization), but are unlikely to replace ciprofloxacin in the intensive care unit setting because of poor Pseudomonas aeruginosa coverage.

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Jartti, Tuomas, Pasi Lehtinen, Tytti Vuorinen, Riikka Österback, Bernadette van den Hoogen, Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus e Olli Ruuskanen. "Respiratory Picornaviruses and Respiratory Syncytial Virus as Causative Agents of Acute Expiratory Wheezing in Children". Emerging Infectious Diseases 10, n. 6 (giugno 2004): 1095–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1006.030629.

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Schwartz, Benjamin, Mary R. Reichler, John Jereb, G. Scott Giebink, Frederick W. Henderson e Jean-Paul Collet. "Respiratory Infections in Day Care". Pediatrics 94, n. 6 (1 dicembre 1994): 1018–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.94.6.1018.

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Respiratory illness among children attending day care is diverse both in sites of infection and etiologic agents. Although some data are available on the epidemiology of these conditions, approaches to controlling respiratory infections still need to be developed and evaluated. Surveillance to monitor trends in rates of disease and antimicrobial resistance and to evaluate the impact of potential interventions remains important.

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Takeda, Koji. "New Chemotherapeutic Agents". Haigan 45, n. 7 (2005): 793–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2482/haigan.45.793.

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