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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Respiratory agents"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 29 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Respiratory agents"

Prince, Gregory A. "Respiratory syncytial virus antiviral agents". Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents 9, n. 6 (giugno 1999): 753–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/13543776.9.6.753.

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STEELE, RUSSELL W. "Antiviral agents for respiratory infections". Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 7, n. 6 (giugno 1988): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-198806000-00036.

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Tunevall, G., M. Ohlson, A. Svedmyr, G. Zeipel, Å. Frisk, P. Hedlund, B. Lamberger e H. Jernelius. "Aetiologic Agents in Respiratory Illness". Acta Medica Scandinavica 174, n. 2 (24 aprile 2009): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1963.tb07917.x.

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Tremblay, Cecile L. "Antiviral agents against respiratory viruses". Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 23, n. 21 (novembre 2001): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-4399(01)89050-4.

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Warden, Craig R. "Respiratory Agents: Irritant Gases, Riot Control Agents, Incapacitants, and Caustics". Critical Care Clinics 21, n. 4 (ottobre 2005): 719–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccc.2005.05.008.

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S.H Torun, S. H. Torun, Ayper SOMER, Melis KANTURVARDAR, Selim BADUR, Nuran SALMAN e Ensar YEKELER. "Respiratory Viruses; Today’s Troubled Agents, Candidates for Marker of Diagnosis and Prognosis". Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, n. 10 (1 ottobre 2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/oct2013/102.

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Chung, Moon-Hyun. "New Antimicrobial Agents in Respiratory Medicine". Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 60, n. 1 (2006): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4046/trd.2006.60.1.5.

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&NA;. "Surface active agents in respiratory disorders". Inpharma Weekly &NA;, n. 721 (gennaio 1990): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199007210-00045.

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Brooks, Megan J., Joseph J. Sasadeusz e Gregory A. Tannock. "Antiviral chemotherapeutic agents against respiratory viruses". Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 10, n. 3 (maggio 2004): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00063198-200405000-00009.

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Alshami, Abbas, Daryelle S. Varon e Joseph Varon. "Calpain Inhibitors: Promising Agents in Respiratory Medicine". Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews 14, n. 4 (1 febbraio 2019): 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573398x1404190126094459.

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Tesi sul tema "Respiratory agents"

Marques, Gonçalo Nogueira. "Clinical approach to respiratory mucormycosis in a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) calf under human care". Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19336.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Several fungi are described to cause invasive infections in dolphins, the respiratory system being a common site of involvement. Mucormycosis is considered one of the most devastating fungal infections in dolphins, associated with an elevated mortality rate, where hyphae are capable of invading blood vessels, producing tissue infarction and necrosis. A one-year-old male bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) calf presented with a history of recurrent episodes of leukocytosis and occasional respiratory signs. During a routine faecal examination, a myriad of hyphae were found. Fungal culture revealed a mucormycete isolation, the aetiologic agent of mucormycosis. Molecular studies allowed to identify Cunninghamella bertholletiae. Thoracic radiographs showed the presence of a bronchoalveolar pattern on both the right and left lung apexes. A bronchoscopy was performed, which revealed multiple whitish lesions, diffusely distributed on the tracheal and bronchial submucosa. The antifungal therapy prescribed was a combination of posaconazole and aerosolized liposomal amphotericin B. Adjunctive therapies included bromhexine, vitamin C, vitamin B complex, probiotics, silymarin, Imuno-2865™ and ozone therapy. Follow-ups were conducted with haematology and blood biochemistry, faecal and sputum culture and direct microscopy, and bronchoscopies. There was a good overall response to treatment and antifungal therapy was discontinued. However, the infection relapsed and posaconazole therapy was restarted. Serum concentrations of posaconazole were retrospectively evaluated and the set of results did not appear to show subtherapeutic concentrations as a plausible explanation for the relapse. Although complete clinical resolution was not obtained during the timeframe considered, this case corroborates the idea that medical management of mucormycosis is possible, especially with a prompt diagnosis and treatment as well as a tight follow-up protocol. As described in the literature, mucormycosis treatment may take several years and relapses are common.
RESUMO - Maneio médico de mucormicose respiratória numa cria de golfinho-roaz (Tursiops truncatus) em contexto zoológico - Várias espécies de fungos estão descritas como agentes etiológicos de infeções invasivas em golfinhos, sendo o sistema respiratório um dos locais comuns de infeção. A mucormicose é uma das infeções fúngicas invasivas com efeitos mais devastadores, associada a uma elevada taxa de mortalidade em cetáceos. Nesta dissertação é apresentado um caso clínico referente a uma cria de golfinho-roaz (Tursiops truncatus) com um ano de idade, com uma história clínica que incluía episódios recorrentes de leucocitose e ocasionais sinais clínicos de etiologia respiratória. Como parte do programa de medicina preventiva instituído, uma análise microscópica de fezes permitiu a visualização de estruturas fúngicas. A cultura fúngica permitiu o isolamento de um mucormicete, o agente etiológico da mucormicose, e através de PCR e sequenciação foi possível identificar Cunninghamella bertholletiae. Estudos imagiológicos demonstraram a presença de um ligeiro padrão broncoalveolar nos ápices pulmonares e o exame endoscópico permitiu visualizar múltiplas lesões esbranquiçadas, difusamente distribuídas pelas mucosas traqueal e brônquica. O tratamento antifúngico consistiu na administração de comprimidos gastrorresistentes de posaconazol e nebulizações com anfotericina B lipossómica. Tratamentos adjuvantes incluíram bromexina, silimarina, suplementação vitamínica, probióticos, Imuno-2865TM e ozonoterapia. O acompanhamento do caso foi feito com base em dados hematológicos e bioquímicos, análises microscópicas/cultura de fezes e exsudado respiratório e broncoscopias. O tratamento com posaconazol foi descontinuado após 95 dias de terapia, tendo em conta os resultados constantemente negativos na cultura e observação microscópica de amostras fecais e exsudado respiratório. No entanto, verificou-se a recidiva da infeção e o tratamento antifúngico foi recomeçado. As concentrações séricas do fármaco ao longo do caso clínico foram retrospetivamente analisadas e esta monitorização permitiu descartar a hipótese de não terem sido atingidas concentrações séricas terapêuticas como causa da recidiva da infeção. Apesar de não ter existido uma completa resolução clínica no período considerado, este caso corrobora o facto do maneio médico da mucormicose em cetáceos ser possível, através de um diagnóstico e tratamento precoces, além de um plano apertado de seguimento clínico. Como descrito na bibliografia, o tratamento da mucormicose pode demorar vários anos e recidivas são comuns.
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Tischer, Christina, Jan-Paul Zock, Maria Valkonen, Gert Doekes, Stefano Guerra, Dick Heederik, Deborah Jarvis et al. "Predictors of microbial agents in dust and respiratory health in the Ecrhs". BioMed Central Ltd, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610304.

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BACKGROUND: Dampness and mould exposure have been repeatedly associated with respiratory health. However, less is known about the specific agents provoking or arresting health effects in adult populations. We aimed to assess predictors of microbial agents in mattress dust throughout Europe and to investigate associations between microbial exposures, home characteristics and respiratory health. METHODS: Seven different fungal and bacterial parameters were assessed in mattress dust from 956 adult ECRHS II participants in addition to interview based home characteristics. Associations between microbial parameters and the asthma score and lung function were examined using mixed negative binomial regression and linear mixed models, respectively. RESULTS: Indoor dampness and pet keeping were significant predictors for higher microbial agent concentrations in mattress dust. Current mould and condensation in the bedroom were significantly associated with lung function decline and current mould at home was positively associated with the asthma score. Higher concentrations of muramic acid were associated with higher mean ratios of the asthma score (aMR 1.37, 95%CI 1.17-1.61). There was no evidence for any association between fungal and bacterial components and lung function. CONCLUSION: Indoor dampness was associated with microbial levels in mattress dust which in turn was positively associated with asthma symptoms.

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FlorÃncio, Caroline Mary Gurgel Dias. "Nosocomial infection Childhood:he importance of respiratory viruses as agents of these diseases". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12835.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Nosocomial infections (NI) are a serious public health problem. Knowledge about the etiology of NI is important for the development of control measures, prevention and treatment. Viruses are important etiologic agent of NI has been studied in populations considered at risk as premature, heart disease, lung disease, and immunosuppressed. Respiratory hospital infection (RHI) generate discomfort to patients, postponing medical interventions, postoperative complications, use more drugs and, in some cases, intensive care, may progress to cure or to death. Viruses are responsible for outbreaks of RHI in wards and intensive care units, with the virus as detected respiratory syncytial virus. In our country there are few data on the impact of RHI caused by respiratory viruses in children. Aims of the study were: identify and describe RHI cases in children and submit nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from January to December 2013 to search for molecular diagnosis 13 respiratory viruses [respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, influenza A and B, parainfluenza virus -1 ,-2 , -3 and -4 , metapneumovirus and human coronavirus OC43 , NL63 , 229E and HKU - 1]. During the study period, 120 samples were included in the study and 65 % were positive for at least one virus. A total of 114 viruses were detected (33 RSV, 32 adenovirus, 14 Parainfluenza -3, 14 influenza A , 12 Parainfluenza -4 , 5 parainfluenza -1 , 3 metapneumovirus and 1 coronavirus OC43). Co-detections occurred in 26 cases: 16 with two viruses and 10 with three viruses. No clinical differences between positive and negative RHI for viruses investigated were observed. Respiratory virus were detected in four of five deaths (5/120 4.16%) associated RHI. The knowledge about the occurrence of viral RHI in association with the period of viruses circulation in the community, as described in the study, allows to develop specific actions steps to prevent and control hospital outbreaks caused by viruses.
As infecÃÃes relacionadas Ã assistÃncia Ã saÃde (IRAS) sÃo um sÃrio problema de saÃde pÃblica. O conhecimento sobre a etiologia das IRAS Ã importante para o desenvolvimento de medidas de controle, prevenÃÃo e tratamento. A importÃncia dos vÃrus na etiologia das IRAS tem sido estudada em populaÃÃes consideradas de risco, como prematuros, cardiopatas, pneumopatas e imunodeprimidos. As infecÃÃes respiratÃrias hospitalares (IRH) geram aos pacientes desconforto, adiamento de intervenÃÃes mÃdicas, complicaÃÃes pÃs-cirÃrgicas, uso adicional de medicamentos e, em alguns casos, cuidados intensivos, podendo cursar para a cura ou para o Ãbito. Os vÃrus sÃo responsÃveis por surtos de IRH em enfermarias e unidades de terapia intensiva, sendo o vÃrus sincicial respiratÃrio o mais detectado. Em nosso paÃs sÃo escassos os dados sobre o impacto das IRH causadas por vÃrus respiratÃrios em pediatria. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: identificar e descrever os casos de IRH em crianÃas e submeter aspirados de nasofaringe coletados no perÃodo de janeiro a dezembro de 2013 ao diagnÃstico molecular para pesquisa de 13 vÃrus respiratÃrios [vÃrus sincicial respiratÃrio (VSR), adenovÃrus, influenza A e B, parainfluenza 1, 2, 3 e 4, metapneumovÃrus e coronavÃrus humanos OC43, NL63, 229E e HKU-1]. Para tanto, as amostras foram extraÃdas para obtenÃÃo do material genÃtico viral e, posteriormente, para os vÃrus de RNA, parte deste produto foi transformada em DNA complementar e depois a amplificado. Para detecÃÃo do adenovÃrus, foram realizados PCR e Nested PCR. No perÃodo de estudo, 120 amostras foram incluÃdas e 65% delas foram positivas para pelo menos um vÃrus. Um total de 114 vÃrus foram detectados (33 VSR; 32 adenovÃrus; 14 parainfluenza-3; 14 influenza A; 12 parainfluenza-4; 5 parainfluenza-1; 3 metapneumovÃrus e 1 coronavÃrus OC43). Co-detecÃÃes ocorreram em 26 casos: 16 com dois vÃrus e 10 com trÃs vÃrus. NÃo foram observadas diferenÃas clÃnicas entre as IRH positivas e negativas para os vÃrus pesquisados. VÃrus respiratÃrios foram identificados em quatro dos cinco casos de Ãbito (4,16%; 5/120) associados Ã IRH. O conhecimento sobre a ocorrÃncia da IRH virais em associaÃÃo com o perÃodo de circulaÃÃo dos vÃrus na comunidade, como descrito no estudo, permite desenvolver aÃÃes especÃficas de medidas para prevenir e controlar surtos hospitalares causados pelos vÃrus.

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Du, Lanying. "Functional study of the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38602362.

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Du, Lanying, e 杜蘭英. "Functional study of the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38602362.

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Zhang, Ke, e 张科. "Evaluation of anti-human respiratory syncytial virus effects of short interfering RNAs and β-defensin-4". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209570.

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The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) infection is a global public health burden in children aged under 2 years and immunocompromised or elderly adults. The choice for prophylaxis and therapy of hRSV infection was constrained to Palivizumab and Ribavirin. Therefore, this study aimed to develop effective anti-hRSV infection agents, such as short interfering RNA (siRNA) and β-defensin-4 (β-D-4). Since there still is no compatible animal model to evaluate antiviral effect of anti-hRSV agents, we first attempted to establish suitable animal model. A clinical isolate of hRSV (KI-RSV-W) was adapted in BALB/c mice by serial passages. Old male mice (age > 8 months) were used for establishment of hRSV infection model, because the more efficient viral infection in lungs of the old male mice than that old female mice and young mice (age < 3 weeks). After the virus was propagated in old male mice for 20 passages, a virus variant KI-RSV-P70-4 exhibited more efficient infection/replication in the mice. Its viral load was about 100-fold higher than that of wild type strain KI-RSV-W. The infection of KI-RSV-P70-4 also caused more severe histopathological changes in lung tissues. Although KI-RSV-P70-4 could not result in death of the infected mice, both viral load and pathological change in lungs may be good indicators for evaluating antiviral effect. The mouse model and adapted hRSV strain solidly laid the foundation for evaluation of anti-hRSV agents. We then designed and evaluated anti-hRSV effect of siRNAs. A total of 25 siRNAs targeting 4 viral genes (M2-1, NS2, N and F) were designed and their anti-hRSV effect was assessed in vitro. The results showed that 6 siRNAs respectively targeting M2-1, N and F genes exhibited higher anti-hRSV effect than that of the positive control, whereas those targeting NS2 gene did not show significant antiviral effect. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of three most potent siRNAs (M2-1-361, N889 and F-1143) were 0.51, 2.14 and 0.64 nM, respectively. Antiviral activity of β-D-4 against hRSV infection was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experiments showed supreme antiviral effect with IC50 around 3.4 μg/ml when the virus was pretreated with β-D-4, but no significant inhibitory effect was observed when the cells were pretreated with β-D-4 or β-D-4 was maintained in the culture medium after viral infection. These results indicated that the inhibitory effect of β-D-4 was associated with direct interaction with the virus itself and blocked virus entry of the cells. Furthermore, a single dose (13.6 μg) of β-D-4 intratracheal (i.t.) administration in old male mice after the viral infection resulted in about 0.7 log reduce of viral load in lung tissues, while inoculation of premixed β-D-4 and the virus caused about 3 logs decrease of viral load in lungs. These results have demonstrated that β-D-4 may be an effective anti-hRSV agent. Taken together, old male BALB/c mice might be used to establish hRSV infection model. Three siRNAs and the β-D-4 were validated as the potent anti-hRSV agents, respectively.
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Microbiology
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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Sethi, Sumanjit Kaur. "Rhinovirus infection of airway epithelial cells : focus on the major group receptor, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and its regulation". Thesis, Keele University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242449.

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Yang, Li. "Studies on the effects of pharmacological agents on endotoxin induced pulmonary injury". Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=2&did=764805101&SrchMode=2&sid=10&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1233179468&clientId=23440.

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Pham, Nhu-An. "Generation of oxidative stress by the respiratory chain following treatment with DNA damaging agents". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0003/MQ46064.pdf.

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Sans, Serramitjana Eulàlia. "Nanoencapsulated antimicrobials to fight Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis patients: a promising strategy". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461914.

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P. aeruginosa is one of the major opportunistic pathogen colonizing the respiratory tract of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and causing chronic airways infection. Once P.aeruginosa established chronically in the CF lung, bacterial density increases and the microorganism switches to a mucoid form and to a stable biofilm mode of growth in which susceptibility to antimicrobials decreases. The high resistance of P.aeruginosa to multiple antimicrobials led to scenarios in which almost no treatment options are available. In this regard, the research on the introduction of less toxic antimicrobials as well as the use of pharmaceutical forms enabling dose reductions, longer administration intervals, and reduced systemic toxicity has been stimulated. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to develop nanoencapsulated colistin and tobramycin in lipid nanoparticles (SLN: Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and NLC: Nanostrucutured Lipid Carriers) and explore their antimicrobial activity versus free drug against P.aeruginosa clinical isolates from CF patients and to investigate the efficacy of these novel formulations in the eradication of biofilms, one of the most relevant mechanisms involved in persistence and in chronic infections. ELABORATION AND CHARACTERIZATION The main objective of the first part of this thesis was to elaborate and characterize lipid nanoparticles (SLN and NLC) as colistin and tobramycin carriers to treat P.aeruginosa lung infection. The nanoparticles obtained displayed a 200–400 nm size, high drug encapsulation (79–94%) and a sustained drug release profile. The integrity of the nanoparticles was not affected by nebulization through a mesh vibrating nebulizer. Next, tobramycin-NLCs were able to overcome an artificial mucus barrier in the presence of mucolytic agents. Moreover, lipid nanoparticles loaded with both antimicrobials appeared to be less toxic than free drug in cell culture. Finally, an in vivo distribution experiment showed that nanoparticles spread homogenously through the lung and there was no migration of lipid nanoparticles to other organs, such as liver, spleen or kidneys. STABILITY The second essential point of this work concerns the stability of both types of lipid nanoparticles after freeze-drying. The results showed that colistin-SLNs lost their antimicrobial activity at the third month; on the contrary, the antibacterial activity of colistin-NLCs was maintained throughout the study within an adequate range. In addition, colistin-NLCs exhibited suitable physic-chemical properties at 5 °C and 25 °C/60% relative humidity over one year. Altogether, colistin-NLCs proved to have better stability than colistin- SLNs. The last part focuses on the study of the antimicrobial activity of SLN and NLC loaded with colistin and tobramycin against P.aeruginosa isolates from Sant Joan de Déu and Vall d’Hebrón hospitals CF patients. Regarding the data documenting planktonic experiments, colistin nanoparticles had the same antimicrobial activity as free drug. The activity of tobramycin-loaded SLN was less than that of either tobramycin-loaded NLC or free tobramycin. However, in the relation to biofilms, nanoencapsulated antimicrobials were much more efficient than their free form. Moreover, the results showed the more rapid killing of P. aeruginosa bacterial biofilms by NLC-colistin than by free colistin. Nevertheless, the two formulations did not differ in terms of the final percentages of living and dead cells, which were higher in the inner than in the outer layers of the treated biofilms. Since it seems clear than biofilms play a key role in respiratory infections in CF patients by P. aeruginosa, these formulations seem to us encouraging alternative to the currently available CF therapies.
P.aeruginosa és un dels principals patògens oportunistes colonitzadors del tracte respiratori dels pacients amb fibrosi quística (FQ) causant una infecció crònica. Una vegada aquest microorganisme ja està establert de manera crònica al pulmó, la densitat bacteriana augmenta i P.aeruginosa canvia de morfologia no mucosa a mucosa afavorint la formació de biofilm en el qual la susceptibilitat als antibiòtics es veu enormement disminuïda. L’elevada resistència de P.aeruginosa a múltiples antimicrobians ens condueix a un escenari on gairebé no hi ha opcions de tractament disponibles. En aquest sentit, la recerca en la introducció d’antimicrobians menys tòxics així com l’ús de noves formes farmacèutiques amb la capacitat de reduir la dosi, allargar els intervals d’administració així com reduir la toxicitat adquireix molta rellevància. Per tant, l’objectiu d’aquesta tesi va ser desenvolupar nanopartícules lipídiques (Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: SLN y Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: NLC) carregades amb colistina I també les partícules amb tobramicina, explorar la seva activitat antimicrobiana comparant-la amb la seva forma lliure contra soques clíniques de P.aeruginosa aïllades de pacients amb FQ, i investigar l’eficàcia d’aquestes noves nanoformulacions en l’eradicació dels biofilms ja que és un dels mecanismes més rellevants associat a les infeccions cròniques.

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Libri sul tema "Respiratory agents"

Irwin, Ziment, e Popa Valentin, a cura di. Respiratory pharmacology. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1986.

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M, Cherniack Reuben, a cura di. Drugs for the respiratory system. Orlando: Grune and Stratton, Inc., 1986.

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Tattersfield, Anne E. Respiratory disease. London: Springer-Verlag, 1987.

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Gardenhire, Douglas S. Rau's respiratory care pharmacology. 7^a ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby Elsevier, 2008.

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S, Gardenhire Douglas, e Rau Joseph L, a cura di. Rau's respiratory care phamacology. 7^a ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby/Elsevier, 2008.

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L, Rau Joseph, a cura di. Rau's respiratory care pharmacology. 8^a ed. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier/Mosby, 2012.

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Moini, Jahangir. Cardiopulmonary pharmacology for respiratory care. Sudbury, Mass: Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2012.

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Bills, Georgine W. Principles of pharmacology for respiratory care. 2^a ed. Albany: Delmar Publishers, 1997.

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Stephen, Newman. Respiratory drug delivery: Essential theory and practice. Richmond, Virginia: Respiratory Drug Delivery Online, 2009.

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Inc, Medical Data International, a cura di. U.S. markets for respiratory care products. Irvine, Calif. (2 Park Palza, Suite 1200, Irvine 92614): Medical Data International, 1998.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Respiratory agents"

Mamrack, Mark D. "Respiratory Agents". In Exercise and Sport Pharmacology, 145–68. Second edition. | New York, NY: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003035381-9.

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Kirschenbaum, Harold L., e Michelle M. Kalis. "Respiratory Agents". In The Pharmacy Practice Handbook of Medication Facts, 163–92. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429272783-4.

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Bhatt-Mehta, Varsha, e Steven M. Donn. "Pharmacologic Agents". In Manual of Neonatal Respiratory Care, 487–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39839-6_59.

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Bhatt-Mehta, Varsha, e Steven M. Donn. "Pharmacologic Agents". In Manual of Neonatal Respiratory Care, 455–67. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2155-9_52.

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Bhatt-Mehta, Varsha, e Steven M. Donn. "Pharmacologic Agents". In Manual of Neonatal Respiratory Care, 571–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93997-7_59.

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Hayden, Frederick G., e Mark R. Denison. "Antiviral Agents for SARS". In Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, 184–202. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470755952.ch20.

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Perret Pérez, Cecilia, e Marcela Ferrés Garrido. "Pneumonia Caused by Emerging Viral Agents". In Pediatric Respiratory Diseases, 335–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26961-6_34.

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Lehingue, Samuel, Sami Hraiech e Laurent Papazian. "Pharmacological Interventions: Neuromuscular Blocking Agents". In Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, 189–200. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41852-0_12.

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Perret Pérez, Cecilia. "Study of Infectious Agents in Respiratory Diseases". In Pediatric Respiratory Diseases, 145–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26961-6_14.

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Jack, David B. "Pharmacokinetic data on respiratory agents". In Handbook of Clinical Pharmacokinetic Data, 119–24. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22495-1_34.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Respiratory agents"

Sano, A., H. Sano, O. Nishiyama, Y. Tohda e H. Matsumoto. "Long-term Effects of Biological Agents on Respiratory Function". In American Thoracic Society 2024 International Conference, May 17-22, 2024 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2024.209.1_meetingabstracts.a5380.

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Legband, Nathan, Jameel Feshitan, Mark Borden e Benjamin Terry. "Living Without Breathing: A Study in Extrapulmonary Respiration Using a Novel Oxygen Carrier". In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14735.

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Pulmonary failure results when the lungs experience significant damage and are unable to supply the body and brain with oxygen. Pulmonary failure has many causes including lung cancer, physical trauma, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), aerosolized bioterrorism agents and diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), pneumonia, and tuberculosis [1,2].

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Heibati, B., M. S. Jaakkola, T. K. Lajunen, I. Paciência, A. Karimi e J. J.K. Jaakkola. "Occupational exposure to cleaning agents and respiratory health in healthcare professionals". In ERS International Congress 2022 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2022.2393.

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Sands, M. "248. OSHA upate: Respiratory Protection Against TB and other Biological Agents". In AIHce 2005. AIHA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2758609.

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Sakwari, Gloria H., Simon HD Mamuya, Magne Bråtveit e Bente E. Moen. "S08-4 Agents in coffee dust as factors for respiratory health problems". In Occupational Health: Think Globally, Act Locally, EPICOH 2016, September 4–7, 2016, Barcelona, Spain. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2016-103951.291.

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Morimoto, K., LM Yoshida, M. Suzuki, HT Nguyen, AD Dang, PE Kilgore, H. Yanai e K. Ariyoshi. "Viral Etiological Agents and Clinical Features of Childhood Acute Respiratory Infection in Vietnam." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a5999.

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Goetz, R. L., E. C. Thompson e S. Krick. "A Case of Respiratory Failure in a Patient Receiving Multiple Immune-Modulatory Agents". In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a2474.

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Толмачева, Ю. П., Е. И. Борисова, Е. В. Дзюба, Л. В. Суханова, И. А. Небесных, И. А. Демьянович e К. А. Демьянович. "ASSESSMENT OF THE SEDATIVE EFFECT OF VARIOUS ANESTHETICS IN COREGONUS PELED (GMELIN, 1789) IN AQUACULTURE". In DEVELOPMENT AND MODERN PROBLEMS OF AQUACULTURE. ООО "ДГТУ-Принт" Адресс полиграфического предприятия 344003 пл Гагарина, зд. 1, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/aquaculture.2023.129-137.

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The sedative effect of four anesthetic agents in whitefish has been studied. It is shown that the action of anesthetics causes a number of consistent behavioral and physiological reactions in fish, reflecting the change in the state of their body. For most technological fish-breeding processes, it is necessary for fish to stay in a state of muscle relaxation while maintaining respiratory rhythm. These requirements are met by the sedation stage, which is observed with all types of anesthesia in peled. It has been established that the use of some of the tested drugs is incorrect in anesthesia in general in whitefish and in pelage in particular. Thus, the use of sodium thiopental is unacceptable, due to the uncontrolled suppression of the respiratory function of fish under the action of this agent. The use of lidocaine is characterized by prolonged induction, which does not correspond to the temporary norms of fish anesthesia. Among the tested drugs, propofol has sufficient anesthetic efficacy, which is confirmed by the temporary indicators of induction/ recovery, the depth and manageability of anesthesia, and low indicators of respiratory depression. Eugenol can serve as an alternative to propofol, which is cost-effective when working with mass material that requires large financial costs. In general, the choice of anesthetic and the adjustment of its doses depend on the specific task facing the fish breeder-ichthyopathologist.

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Baniasadi, Shadi, Maryam Alehashem, Amirali Mahboobipour e Behrooz Farzanegan. "Clinically important drug interactions with anti-infective agents in critically ill patients with respiratory disorders". In ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.pa3727.

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Donina, Zhanna. "Nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agents depress inflammation-related respiratory disoders and hypoxia-induced mortality. Experimental model". In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.2758.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Respiratory agents"

Li, Qu, Xue-Ping Ma, Alimujiang Simayi, Xiao-Li Wang e Gui-Ping Xu. Comparative efficacy of various pharmacologic treatments of alcohol withdrawal syndrome: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, dicembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0010.

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Review question / Objective: Lorazepam and other benzodiazepines (BZDs) are considered the first choice for treatment of Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). But they have significant addiction potential and can cause fatal respiratory depression if used in large doses. The aim of our study is to conduct a network meta-analysis to provide some data support for the clinical treatment of AWS. The patients were persons with alcohol withdrawal. The intervention being studied must be a comparison of the efficacy of the two pharmacologic treatments. The study should not be included if two pharmacologic treatments belonging to the same category were compared. All studies must include one of the following outcomes: Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment, revised (CIWA-Ar) score, length of hospital stay, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and the incidence of delirium or seizures. Condition being studied: Side effects and safety of eleven types of agents currently used to treat alcohol withdrawal syndrome.

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Malo-Sánchez, Diana Carolina. Estacionalidad y severidad de las temporadas de infección respiratoria aguda por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio en Colombia, 2013 a 2019. Instituto Nacional de Salud, gennaio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33610/01229907.2021v3n1a4.

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Introducción: el Virus Sincitial Respiratorio (VSR) es el principal agente causal de las infecciones respiratorias en niños; en países de clima templado pueden ocurrir largas temporadas de circulación viral con elevadas tasas de hospitalización en niños. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la estacionalidad y el comportamiento de la Infección Respiratoria Aguda (IRA) relacionada a virus sincitial respiratorio en Colombia durante 2013 a 2019, mediante los indicadores de transmisibilidad, gravedad e impacto. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Se analizaron los indicadores de transmisibilidad, gravedad e impacto de las temporadas de circulación de VSR en Colombia durante 2013 a 2018. Se estableció la estacionalidad se calcularon umbrales de intensidad mediante el método de medias epidémicas móviles (MEM) y el método de líneas basales de la OMS. Resultados: el comportamiento del VSR en Colombia presenta dos curvas epidémicas sobrepasando el umbral estacional desde la semana epidemiológica 06 hasta la 30; la mayor intensidad se concentra entre marzo a junio. El 2015 fue el año con la mayor circulación con 2 374 casos positivos. la mayor transmisibilidad se reportó en 2015 y 2016 con 19 915 consultas en menores de 5 años; la gravedad fue baja en tres de los siete años estudiados. En cinco de los siete años el impacto se ubicó en categoría baja, con un promedio anual de 537 defunciones en menores de 5 años. Conclusiones: la estacionalidad del VSR coincide con el primer periodo de lluvia del país entre abril y junio, con un segundo pico entre octubre y noviembre; los indicadores de transmisibilidad, gravedad e impacto fueron bajos.

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Droby, Samir, Michael Wisniewski, Ron Porat e Dumitru Macarisin. Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Tritrophic Interactions in Postharvest Biocontrol Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, dicembre 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7594390.bard.

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To elucidate the role of ROS in the tri-trophic interactions in postharvest biocontrol systems a detailed molecular and biochemical investigation was undertaken. The application of the yeast biocontrol agent Metschnikowia fructicola, microarray analysis was performed on grapefruit surface wounds using an Affymetrix Citrus GeneChip. the data indicated that 1007 putative unigenes showed significant expression changes following wounding and yeast application relative to wounded controls. The expression of the genes encoding Respiratory burst oxidase (Rbo), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK), G-proteins, chitinase (CHI), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS) and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL). In contrast, three genes, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), were down-regulated in grapefruit peel tissue treated with yeast cells. The yeast antagonists, Metschnikowia fructicola (strain 277) and Candida oleophila (strain 182) generate relatively high levels of super oxide anion (O2−) following its interaction with wounded fruit surface. Using laser scanning confocal microscopy we observed that the application of M. fructicola and C. oleophila into citrus and apple fruit wounds correlated with an increase in H2O2 accumulation in host tissue. The present data, together with our earlier discovery of the importance of H₂O₂ production in the defense response of citrus flavedo to postharvest pathogens, indicate that the yeast-induced oxidative response in fruit exocarp may be associated with the ability of specific yeast species to serve as biocontrol agents for the management of postharvest diseases. Effect of ROS on yeast cells was also studied. Pretreatment of the yeast, Candida oleophila, with 5 mM H₂O₂ for 30 min (sublethal) increased yeast tolerance to subsequent lethal levels of oxidative stress (50 mM H₂O₂), high temperature (40 °C), and low pH (pH 4). Suppression subtractive hybridization analysis was used to identify genes expressed in yeast in response to sublethal oxidative stress. Transcript levels were confirmed using semi quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Seven antioxidant genes were up regulated. Pretreatment of the yeast antagonist Candida oleophila with glycine betaine (GB) increases oxidative stress tolerance in the microenvironment of apple wounds. ROS production is greater when yeast antagonists used as biocontrol agents are applied in the wounds. Compared to untreated control yeast cells, GB-treated cells recovered from the oxidative stress environment of apple wounds exhibited less accumulation of ROS and lower levels of oxidative damage to cellular proteins and lipids. Additionally, GB-treated yeast exhibited greater biocontrol activity against Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea, and faster growth in wounds of apple fruits compared to untreated yeast. The expression of major antioxidant genes, including peroxisomal catalase, peroxiredoxin TSA1, and glutathione peroxidase was elevated in the yeast by GB treatment. A mild heat shock (HS) pretreatment (30 min at 40 1C) improved the tolerance of M. fructicola to subsequent high temperature (45 1C, 20–30 min) and oxidative stress (0.4 mol-¹) hydrogen peroxide, 20–60 min). HS-treated yeast cells showed less accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than non-treated cells in response to both stresses. Additionally, HS-treated yeast exhibited significantly greater (P≥0.0001) biocontrol activity against Penicillium expansum and a significantly faster (Po0.0001) growth rate in wounds of apple fruits stored at 25 1C compared with the performance of untreated yeast cells. Transcription of a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene (TPS1) was up regulated in response to HS and trehalose content also increased.

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Sorensen, J. H. Expedient Respiratory and Physical Protection: Does a Wet Towel Work to Prevent Chemical Warfare Agent Vapor Infiltration? Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814423.

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Morgan, Daniel, Gordon Flake, William Gwinn e Crystal Johnson. NTP Research Report on Respiratory Tract Toxicity of the Flavoring Agent 2,3-Hexanedione in Mice Exposed by Inhalation. NIEHS, agosto 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22427/ntp-rr-10.

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Hout, Joseph J. O-Chlorobenzylidene Malononitrile (CS Riot Control Agent) Exposures and Associated Acute Respiratory Illnesses in a United States Army Basic Combat Training Cohort. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, febbraio 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1012835.

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Cantarella, Javier, Florentino Márquez, Ana María Pinto Ayala, Alejandra Leal Vallejo, Manuel Rodríguez, Daniel Páez, Juan Pablo Ramos et al. Cómo promover el buen uso de la bicicleta: Exposición del ciclista en ámbito urbano: Diagnóstico y recomendaciones. Inter-American Development Bank, novembre 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006104.

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En los centros urbanos de América Latina y el Caribe, la bicicleta es percibida como un vehículo cuyo uso, ofrece una alternativa económica de movilidad, reduce la congestion vehicular y mitiga la emision de agentes contaminantes y gases efecto invernadero. Además tiene una fuerte connotación deportiva. Sin embargo, si bien se reconocen diversos beneficios para la salud asociados a su uso frecuente, el ciclista urbano es un actor de la movilidad con una elevada exposición, tanto a la contaminación de los modos motorizados como a la seguridad vial. Este documento, presenta un caso relativo a la exposición del ciclista urbano en Bogotá y algunas recomendaciones orientadas a los tomadores de decisión y gestores de proyectos de cicloinclusión a mejorar las condiciones de seguridad vial y proteger la salud cardiovascular y respiratoria de los ciclistas urbanos en ciudades de América Latina y el Caribe, con el fin de incrementar el buen uso de la bicicleta como vehículo de transporte cotidiano.

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Gelb, Jr., Jack, Yoram Weisman, Brian Ladman e Rosie Meir. Identification of Avian Infectious Brochitis Virus Variant Serotypes and Subtypes by PCR Product Cycle Sequencing for the Rational Selection of Effective Vaccines. United States Department of Agriculture, dicembre 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586470.bard.

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Objectives 1. Determine the serotypic identities of 40 recent IBV isolates from commercial chickens raised in the USA and Israel. 2. Sequence all IBV field isolates using PCR product cycle sequencing and analyze their S 1 sequence to detennine their homology to other strains in the Genbank and EMBL databases. 3. Select vaccinal strains with the highest S 1 sequence homology to the field isolates and perform challenge of immunity studies in chickens in laboratory trials to detennine level of protection afforded by the vaccines. Background Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a common, economically important disease of the chicken. IB occurs as a respiratory form, associated with airsacculitis, condemnation, and mortality of meat-type broilers, a reproductive form responsible for egg production losses in layers and breeders, and a renal form causing high mortality in broilers and pullets. The causative agent is avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Replication of the virus' RNA genome is error-prone and mutations commonly result. A major target for mutation is the gene encoding the spike (S) envelope protein used by the virus to attach and infect the host cell. Mutations in the S gene result in antigenic changes that can lead to the emergence of variant serotypes. The S gene is able to tolerate numerous mutations without compromising the virus' ability to replicate and cause disease. An end result of the virus' "flexibility" is that many strains of IBV are capable of existing in nature. Once formed, new mutant strains, often referred to as variants, are soon subjected to immunological selection so that only the most antigenically novel variants survive in poultry populations. Many novel antigenic variant serotypes and genotypes have been isolated from commercial poultry flocks. Identification of the field isolates of IBV responsible for outbreaks is critical for selecting the appropriate strain(s) for vaccination. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the Sl subunit of the envelope spike glycoprotein gene has been a common method used to identify field strains, replacing other time-consuming or less precise tests. Two PCR approaches have been used for identification, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and direct automated cycle sequence analysis of a diagnostically relevant hypervariab1e region were compared in our BARD research. Vaccination for IB, although practiced routinely in commercial flocks, is often not protective. Field isolates responsible for outbreaks may be unrelated to the strain(s) used in the vaccination program. However, vaccines may provide varying degrees of cross- protection vs. unrelated field strains so vaccination studies should be performed. Conclusions RFLP and S1 sequence analysis methods were successfully performed using the field isolates from the USA and Israel. Importantly, the S1 sequence analysis method enabled a direct comparison of the genotypes of the field strains by aligning them to sequences in public databases e.g. GenBank. Novel S1 gene sequences were identified in both USA and Israel IBVs but greater diversity was observed in the field isolates from the USA. One novel genotype, characterized in this project, Israel/720/99, is currently being considered for development as an inactivated vaccine. Vaccination with IBV strains in the US (Massachusetts, Arkansas, Delaware 072) or in Israel (Massachusetts, Holland strain) provided higher degrees of cross-protection vs. homologous than heterologous strain challenge. In many cases however, vaccination with two strains (only studies with US strains) produced reasonable cross-protection against heterologous field isolate challenge. Implications S1 sequence analysis provides numerical similarity values and phylogenetic information that can be useful, although by no means conclusive, in developing vaccine control strategies. Identification of many novel S1 genotypes of IBV in the USA is evidence that commercial flocks will be challenged today and in the future with strains unrelated to vaccines. In Israel, monitoring flocks for novel IBV field isolates should continue given the identification of Israel/720/99, and perhaps others in the future. Strains selected for vaccination of commercial flocks should induce cross- protection against unrelated genotypes. Using diverse genotypes for vaccination may result in immunity against unrelated field strains.

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Recommendations for the selection and use of respirators and protective clothing for protection against biological agents. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, aprile 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshpub2009132.

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Evidence Update for Clinicians: Narrow- versus Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics for Common Infections in Children. Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), ottobre 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25302/eu5.2018.10.

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Comparing Narrow- vs. Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics for Common Infections in Children. The choice of antibiotic to treat acute bacterial upper respiratory tract infections in children can affect both symptom resolution and the risk of side effects such as diarrhea and vomiting. The findings of a PCORI-funded study published in JAMA can help clinicians treating children for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs)—including acute otitis media, Group A streptococcal pharyngitis, and acute sinusitis—make decisions with parents about the medicine that is best for the child. The study, led by Jeffrey Gerber, a pediatrician and researcher at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, included 30,086 children ages 6 months to 12 years taking narrow- and broad-spectrum antibiotics to treat ARTIs.

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