Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Respect vie privée"
Cita una fonte nei formati APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard e in molti altri stili
Consulta la lista di attuali articoli, libri, tesi, atti di convegni e altre fonti scientifiche attinenti al tema "Respect vie privée".
Accanto a ogni fonte nell'elenco di riferimenti c'è un pulsante "Aggiungi alla bibliografia". Premilo e genereremo automaticamente la citazione bibliografica dell'opera scelta nello stile citazionale di cui hai bisogno: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver ecc.
Puoi anche scaricare il testo completo della pubblicazione scientifica nel formato .pdf e leggere online l'abstract (il sommario) dell'opera se è presente nei metadati.
Articoli di riviste sul tema "Respect vie privée":
1
Kohl, A. "Le respect de la vie privée". Military Law and the Law of War Review 37, n. 1-4 (dicembre 1998): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/mllwr.1998.1-4.21.
2
Gauzente, Claire. "Vie privée et Internet : la pratique des sites français". Décisions Marketing N° 30, n. 2 (1 aprile 2003): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/dm.030.0007.
Abstract (sommario):
La perception du respect de la vie privée apparaît comme l’un des pivots de l’adoption du e-commerce. Le présent article vise à synthétiser la littérature en la matière, tout en dégageant les critères susceptibles d’être retenus pour évaluer la politique des sites français. En effet, il semble que cette question du respect de la vie privée ne devrait pas constituer un frein à condition que les entreprises observent des pratiques équitables. Une étude empirique est menée sur les 80 sites français les plus fréquentés. Le bilan est contrasté. Il montre que la majorité des sites développe une politique de respect de la vie privée mais que le contenu de cette politique présente encore de nombreuses faiblesses .
3
Nau, Jean-Yves. "Enfants obèses et respect de la vie privée". Revue Médicale Suisse 2, n. 88 (2006): 2704. http://dx.doi.org/10.53738/revmed.2006.2.88.2704.
4
Drolet, Johanne, e Karim Lebnan. "Les défis du télétravail à l’égard de la vie privée du télétravailleur". Les Cahiers de droit 54, n. 2-3 (5 agosto 2013): 303–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017615ar.
Abstract (sommario):
Comment le télétravail peut-il se mettre en place en droit québécois du travail sans qu’il n’entraîne une violation injustifiée du droit au respect de la vie privée des télétravailleurs à domicile ? Pour tenter de répondre à cette question, les auteurs tracent d’abord un portrait du cadre juridique du droit du travail québécois en ayant en tête son application au télétravail. Ensuite, ils passent en revue la jurisprudence des tribunaux pour voir la portée que ceux-ci ont donnée au droit à la vie privée. Enfin, les auteurs mettent en relief certains arguments justifiant une pondération à la hausse de l’expectative raisonnable de la vie privée du télétravailleur à domicile, le télétravailleur salarié n’ayant pas renoncé à son droit à la vie privée du seul fait de sa subordination juridique à l’employeur. Qui plus est, le télétravailleur à domicile exécute sa prestation de travail depuis le domaine souverain de la vie privée, son domicile.
5
Laperrière, René, e Nicole Kean. "Le droit des travailleurs au respect de leur vie privée". Les Cahiers de droit 35, n. 4 (12 aprile 2005): 709–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/043303ar.
Abstract (sommario):
La protection de la vie privée des salariés constitue une préoccupation récente en droit du travail : alors qu'elle était pratiquement absente de la législation sur le travail et des conventions collectives, elle s'y est néanmoins imposée à la faveur de la montée des normes internationales et de l’application des chartes des droits de la personne et des lois sur la protection des renseignements personnels. Elle pose des enjeux considérables non seulement au moment de la sélection du personnel, mais aussi dans la détermination des conditions de travail, notamment en matière de surveillance des travailleurs, d'administration d'examens et de tests de toutes sortes, de tenue des dossiers du personnel, ainsi qu'à propos des multiples intrusions dans la vie et les choix personnels et intimes des salariés.
6
Lacroix, Mariève. "L’atteinte à la vie familiale est la violation d’un droit de la personnalité au Québec : second mouvement". Revue générale de droit 46, n. 1 (8 giugno 2016): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1036572ar.
Abstract (sommario):
L’auteure est d’avis que le droit au respect de la vie familiale est un droit de la personnalité, un droit fondamental, même s’il n’est pas l’objet d’un texte législatif précis en droit privé québécois. Une démonstration visant la reconnaissance d’un tel droit s’opère en deux temps. Suivant une démarche axiologique, l’auteure confronte le droit au respect de la vie familiale avec la panoplie des valeurs qui cimentent la société, telles que nous pouvons les percevoir dans l’ordre international, constitutionnel et quasi constitutionnel, afin de vérifier que cet ordre juridique n’est non seulement pas incompatible avec un « droit fondamental de la personnalité au respect de la vie familiale », mais qu’il serait incomplet sans la reconnaissance d’un tel droit. Suivant une démarche axiomatique, l’auteure confronte le droit au respect de la vie familiale avec les caractéristiques des autres droits de la personnalité protégés dans la tradition juridique québécoise, notamment le droit à la vie privée, pour en déduire qu’il s’agit bien d’un droit de la personnalité et d’un droit fondamental.
7
Mazeaud, Vincent. "La constitutionnalisation du droit au respect de la vie privée". Les Nouveaux Cahiers du Conseil constitutionnel N° 48, n. 3 (5 giugno 2015): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/nccc1.048.0005.
8
Haig, Thomas, Philippe-Benoît Côté e Robert Rousseau. "Intimité, dialogue et santé". Perspectives communautaires 21, n. 2 (25 gennaio 2010): 157–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/038968ar.
Abstract (sommario):
Résumé À partir des pratiques de l’organisme communautaire Action Séro Zéro, cet article propose une réflexion sur le travail de proximité à l’égard d’enjeux reliés à la vie privée. Sont prises en considération des conceptions de la prévention du VIH qui mettent en lumière les risques d’ingérence dans la vie privée. Le contexte des milieux de socialisation fréquentés par les hommes gais et bisexuels est ensuite présenté, ainsi que des exemples du travail de proximité réalisé dans ces milieux. Dans ces exemples d’intervention de proximité, le risque d’outrepasser les limites du respect de la vie privée des individus serait contrebalancé par l’utilisation de méthodes dialogiques et participatives, ainsi que par l’ancrage dans les démarches de démocratisation d’accès dans les services de santé.
9
Tamašauskaitė, G. "INFORMACINIŲ TECHNOLOGIJŲ POVEIKIS DARBUOTOJO TEISEI Į PRIVATŲ GYVENIMĄ". Teisė 88 (1 gennaio 2013): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/teise.2013.0.1605.
Abstract (sommario):
Straipsnyje analizuojama darbuotojo teisės į privatų gyvenimą samprata, šios teisės įgyvendinimo ir gynimo ypatumai, kai darbo vietoje naudojamos informacinės technologijos. Tiriami teisinis reguliavimas ir teisminis darbuotojo teisės į privatų gyvenimą vertinimas, asmeninio gyvenimo ir profesinės veiklos atskyrimo darbuotojo telefoninių pokalbių pasiklausymo, elektroninio susirašinėjimo, interneto prieigos ribojimo, darbo vietos stebėsenos ir kitos darbuotojo kontrolės nulemtos problemos.Le présent article examine le droit au respect de la vie privée du salarié, sa conception, les particularités de sa réalisation et sa défense quand les nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication sont utilisées dans le lieu du travail. L’étude se fonde sur l’analyse de la régulation juridique et de l’évaluation judiciaire du droit au respect de la vie privée du salarié, des problèmes concernant la délimitation de la vie personnelle et la vie professionnelle, du harcèlement des conversations téléphoniques et des courriels, de la limitation d’accès à Internet, de la cyber surveillance et d’autres aspects conditionnés et influencées par le contrôle de l’employeur.
10
Brunelle, Christian, e Mélanie Samson. "L’exclusion de la preuve obtenue en violation du droit à la vie privée des salariés : à chacun sa vérité ?" Les Cahiers de droit 54, n. 2-3 (5 agosto 2013): 223–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017612ar.
Abstract (sommario):
Dans l’état actuel du droit, la Charte des droits et libertés de la personne est l’objet d’une interprétation qui nie toute possibilité, pour un salarié, d’obtenir l’exclusion d’une preuve civile obtenue en violation de son droit au respect de la vie privée par l’employeur. C’est plutôt le Code civil du Québec qui permet aux salariés de bénéficier de ce type de sanction, laquelle est cependant interprétée restrictivement parce qu’elle est perçue comme une exception à la règle voulant que la preuve de tout fait pertinent soit recevable. Outre la lecture parfois étroite que les tribunaux font du droit à la vie privée dans le contexte du travail, ils tendent quelquefois à considérer l’atteinte à ce droit justifiée, même dans des cas où l’employeur ne disposait pas, dans les faits, de motifs raisonnables pour exercer une surveillance clandestine. Cela étant, si une telle démarche intuitive de l’employeur révèle, a posteriori, que le salarié est bien l’auteur d’un acte de déloyauté, l’exclusion de la preuve est presque invariablement refusée par souci d’assurer le triomphe de la vérité. Dans ces conditions, le droit au respect de la vie privée paraît à ce point fragilisé que sa protection commanderait une intervention du législateur ou, à défaut, un réalignement jurisprudentiel de nature à imposer un meilleur équilibre entre les droits respectifs des parties.
Tesi sul tema "Respect vie privée":
1
Athea, Valene. "La gouvernance d'entreprise face au respect de la vie privée des salariés". Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0063/document.
Abstract (sommario):
La notion de gouvernance semble recouvrir des thèmes proches du terme «gouverner», de la prise de décision et de l’évaluation.La gouvernance d’entreprise propose une nouvelle conception du processus de décision, accordant toute sa place à la concertation entre les parties prenantes. Le délégué syndical intervient dans ce sens, en effet, il a une mission de revendication (par exemple concernant la hausse des salaires), il est l’interlocuteur du syndicat auprès de l’employeur, il négocie avec ce dernier les normes de l’entreprise (accords et conventions collectives)Encadrée par des lois assurant l'indispensable transparence, la gouvernance d'entreprise serait théoriquement le moyen d'assurer au mieux les intérêts multiples des acteurs concernés (salariés et employeurs).C’est la raison pour laquelle il parait opportun de faire un parallèle entre l’exercice de la gouvernance d’entreprise par les acteurs concernés et le respect de la vie privée des salariés.Ce parallèle entre vie privée et gouvernance de l’entreprise a notamment été mis en exergue avec l’affaire Novartis (6 octobre 2004).L’entreprise Novartis a mis en place en 1999 un code de bonne conduite pour rappeler certains principes éthiques, seulement ce texte a été complété en juillet 2004 par de surprenantes dispositions jugées attentatoires à la vie privée des salariés par le Tribunal de Nanterre. Ce code de conduite demande notamment aux salariés de Novartis " qu'ils consacrent tout leur temps et toute leur attention au travail de Novartis pendant les heures de travail habituelles... Le temps requis pour une occupation extérieure peut générer une baisse de la productivité ". En outre, le groupe estime que "le temps requis pour une occupation extérieure, qu'elle soit de type gouvernemental, politique ou bénévole, peut générer une baisse de la productivité et de l'efficacité d'un collaborateur créant ainsi un conflit d'intérêts" Aussi Novartis exige également " une autorisation préalable " de la direction pour ce type d'activités.Le tribunal des référés de Nanterre va rendre une décision qui va porter en outre sur le fond en jugeant que ces " alinéas sont susceptibles de nuire à la santé mentale des salariés et portent atteinte à la vie privée ".La direction ne fera finalement pas appel et soumettra au Comité de groupe ainsi qu'au comité d’hygiène, de sécurité et des conditions de travail une nouvelle version de son code éthique.La gouvernance d’entreprise peut donc être limitée par le respect de la vie privée des salariés.La vie privée est l'ensemble des activités d'une personne qui relève de son intimité par opposition à la vie publique.Il parait plus juste de mentionner un "droit à l'intimité de la vie privée".En effet, il s’agit d’un droit fondamental, proclamé par la loi, inscrit dans la déclaration des droits de l'homme de 1948 (article 12), la Convention européenne des Droits de l’Homme et des libertés fondamentales (article 8), à l’article 9 du Code civil et à l’article 226-1 du Code Pénal.Les composantes de la vie privée n'ont pas fait l'objet d'une définition ou d'une énumération limitative afin d'éviter de limiter la protection aux seules prévisions légales. Les tribunaux ont appliqué le principe de cette protection, au droit à la vie sentimentale et à la vie familiale, au secret relatif à la santé, au secret de la résidence et du domicile, et au droit à l'image. Par ailleurs, il convient de préciser que c’est le contrat de travail qui détermine les règles, obligations et devoirs de chacune des parties (l’employeur et le salarié), il ne peut concerner que le temps passé au travail.Des circonstances extérieures à la vie professionnelle et tenant à la vie privée du salarié ne peuvent être prises en considération, sauf si elles affectent la relation salarialeThe notion of governance seems to cover themes close to the term "to govern", of the grip of decision and the evaluation.It represents all the organs and the rules of decision, information (transparency) and supervision allowing the legal successors and the partners of a company, to see their respected interests and their voices in the functioning of this one.The governance of company proposes a new conception of the process of decision, granting all its place to the dialogue between the stakeholders.The union representative intervenes in this sense, indeed, he has a mission of claiming (for example concerning the increase in salaries), he is the interlocutor of the labor union(syndicate) with the employer, he negotiates with the latter the standards of the company (agreements and collective labor agreements)Framed by laws assuring the essential transparency, the governance of company would be in theory the way to assure at best the multiple interests of the actors concerned (employees and employers).It is the reason why it seemed convenient to draw a parallel between the exercise of the governance of company by the concerned actors and the respect for private life of the employees.The governance of company can be limited by the respect for private life of the employees.It is about a fundamental law, proclaimed by the law, registered in the bill of rights of 1948 (article 12), the European Convention on Human Rights and fundamental liberties (article 8), on the article 9 of the Civil code and on the article 226-1 of the Penal code.The components of the private life were not the object of a definition or a restrictive enumeration to avoid limiting the protection to the only legal forecasts. The courts applied the principle of this protection, in the right to life sentimental and in the family life, in the secret concerning the health, concerning the secret of the residence and the place of residence, and concerning the right(law) for the image
2
Antignac, Thibaud. "Méthodes formelles pour le respect de la vie privée par construction". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0016/document.
Abstract (sommario):
Le respect de la vie privée par construction est de plus en plus mentionné comme une étape essentielle vers une meilleure protection de la vie privée. Les nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication donnent naissance à de nouveaux modèles d'affaires et de services. Ces services reposent souvent sur l'exploitation de données personnelles à des fins de personnalisation. Alors que les exigences de respect de la vie privée sont de plus en plus sous tension, il apparaît que les technologies elles-mêmes devraient être utilisées pour proposer des solutions davantage satisfaisantes. Les technologies améliorant le respect de la vie privée ont fait l'objet de recherches approfondies et diverses techniques ont été développées telles que des anonymiseurs ou des mécanismes de chiffrement évolués. Cependant, le respect de la vie privée par construction va plus loin que les technologies améliorant simplement son respect. En effet, les exigences en terme de protection des données à caractère personnel doivent être prises en compte au plus tôt lors du développement d’un système car elles peuvent avoir un impact important sur l'ensemble de l'architecture de la solution. Cette approche peut donc être résumée comme « prévenir plutôt que guérir ». Des principes généraux ont été proposés pour définir des critères réglementaires de respect de la vie privée. Ils impliquent des notions telles que la minimisation des données, le contrôle par le sujet des données personnelles, la transparence des traitements ou encore la redevabilité. Ces principes ne sont cependant pas suffisamment précis pour être directement traduits en fonctionnalités techniques. De plus, aucune méthode n’a été proposée jusqu’ici pour aider à la conception et à la vérification de systèmes respectueux de la vie privée. Cette thèse propose une démarche de spécification, de conception et de vérification au niveau architectural. Cette démarche aide les concepteurs à explorer l'espace de conception d'un système de manière systématique. Elle est complétée par un cadre formel prenant en compte les exigences de confidentialité et d’intégrité des données. Enfin, un outil d’aide à la conception permet aux concepteurs non-experts de vérifier formellement les architectures. Une étude de cas illustre l’ensemble de la démarche et montre comment ces différentes contributions se complètent pour être utilisées en pratiquePrivacy by Design (PbD) is increasingly praised as a key approach to improving privacy protection. New information and communication technologies give rise to new business models and services. These services often rely on the exploitation of personal data for the purpose of customization. While privacy is more and more at risk, the growing view is that technologies themselves should be used to propose more privacy-friendly solutions. Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs) have been extensively studied, and many techniques have been proposed such as anonymizers or encryption mechanisms. However, PbD goes beyond the use of PETs. Indeed, the privacy requirements of a system should be taken into account from the early stages of the design because they can have a large impact on the overall architecture of the solution. The PbD approach can be summed up as ``prevent rather than cure''. A number of principles related to the protection of personal data and privacy have been enshrined in law and soft regulations. They involve notions such as data minimization, control of personal data by the subject, transparency of the data processing, or accountability. However, it is not clear how to translate these principles into technical features, and no method exists so far to support the design and verification of privacy compliant systems. This thesis proposes a systematic process to specify, design, and verify system architectures. This process helps designers to explore the design space in a systematic way. It is complemented by a formal framework in which confidentiality and integrity requirements can be expressed. Finally, a computer-aided engineering tool enables non-expert designers to perform formal verifications of the architectures. A case study illustrates the whole approach showing how these contributions complement each other and can be used in practice
3
Chauvet, Delphine. "La vie privée : étude de droit privé". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA111006.
Abstract (sommario):
La vie privée est une notion jurisprudentielle, consacrée récemment par le législateur. Pourtant, elle n’est pas clairement définie. Elle s’inscrit dans un contexte éminemment variable. Par conséquent, son domaine et son régime juridique sont complexes à déterminer. Cependant, des notions telles que l’intimité, l’identité et la personnalité permettent de mieux cerner le concept de vie privée.L’évolution de la société et l’accroissement des nouvelles technologies ont des incidences sur la vie privée. Mise en péril, celle-ci doit être mieux protégée. Les juridictions françaises et la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme tentent de répondre à cette nécessité.Si la vie privée fait l’objet d’un droit au respect, son contentieux ne se cantonne pas seulement à un aspect défensif. Elle participe à l’épanouissement personnel de l’individu.Néanmoins, la protection de la vie privée est relative dans la mesure où elle se heurte à des intérêts antagonistes, tels que l’intérêt général et divers intérêts particuliers.Cette étude apportera des réponses sur la manière dont la vie privée est appréhendée par le droitPrivacy is a jurisprudential notion, recently established by the legislator. Nevertheless, it’s not yet clearly defined. Privacy lies within an utterly variable context. Consequently, its domain and legal system are difficult to determine. However, notions such as intimacy, identity and personality help apprehending the concept of privacy.The evolution of society and the spreading of new technologies have impacts on privacy. Jeopardized, it has to be better protected. French courts and European Court of Human Rights are attempting at this necessity.If privacy is subjected to a right of respect, its dispute isn’t limited to defense. Privacy also contributes to personal development.Yet, right of privacy is relative insofar as it draws antagonist interests, such as general interest and various particular interests.This study contributes to apprehending privacy with regard to the Law
4
Alamelou, Quentin. "Protocoles cryptographiques pour l’authentification numérique et le respect de la vie privée". Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0042/document.
Abstract (sommario):
Les croissances constantes de l’Internet et des services associés ont conduit à des problématiques naturellement liées au domaine de la cryptographie, parmi lesquelles l’authentification et le respect de la vie privée des utilisateurs. L’utilisation désormais commune d’appareils connectés (smartphone, tablette, montre, …) comme moyen d’authentification amène à considérer la génération et/ou la gestion de clés cryptographiques par de tels appareils pour répondre à ces besoins. Les résonances cryptographiques identifiées de ces deux cas d’étude sont respectivement le domaine des Fuzzy Extractors (« Extracteurs de Flous » en français) et les schémas de signature de groupe. D’une part, cette thèse présente alors le premier Fuzzy Extractror non basé sur la distance de Hamming à être réutilisable (dans le modèle de l’oracle aléatoire non programmable). Ce faisant, nous avons alors pu concevoir un module de génération de clés cryptographiques permettant d'authentifier un utilisateur à partir des ses appareils. D’autre part, deux schémas de signature de groupe basés sur la théorie des codes, respectivement en métrique de Hamming et en métrique rang sont également proposés. Ces deux schémas constituent des alternatives crédibles aux cryptosystèmes post-quantiques équivalents basés sur les réseaux euclidiensInternet constant growth has naturally led to cryptographic issues such as authentication and privacy concerns. The common usage of connected devices (smartphones, tablet, watch, …) as authentication means made us consider cryptographic keys generations and/or managements from such devices to address aforementioned needs. For such a purpose, we identified fuzzy extractors and group signature schemes. On the one hand, this thesis then presents the first reusable fuzzy extractor based on set difference metric (in the nonprogrammable random oracle). In so doing, we were able to design a key generation module performing authentication from users’ devices. On the other hand, we came up with two group signature schemes, respectively based on Hamming and rank metrics, that seriously compete with post-quantum concurrent schemes based on lattices
5
Fragoso, Rodriguez Uciel. "Modèle de respect de la vie privée dans une architecture d'identité fédérée". Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00541850.
Abstract (sommario):
L'augmentation rapide du nombre de transactions en ligne dans le monde moderne numérique exige la manipulation des informations personnelles des utilisateurs, y compris sa collection, stockage, diffusion et utilisation. De telles activités représentent un risque sérieux concernant le respect de la vie privée des informations personnelles. Le travail actuel analyse l'utilisation des architectures d'identité fédérées (AIF) comme une solution appropriée pour simplifier et assurer la gestion des identités numériques dans un environnement de collaboration. Cependant, la contribution principale du projet est la proposition d'un modèle de respect de la vie privée qui complète les mécanismes inhérents de respect de la vie privée de la AIF afin d'être conformes aux principes de respect de la vie privée établis par un cadre législatif. Le modèle de respect de la vie privée définit une architecture modulaire qui fournit les fonctionnalités suivantes : spécifications des conditions de respect de la vie privée, représentation des informations personnelles dans un format de données standard, création et application des politiques en matière de protection de la vie privée et accès aux informations personnelles et registre d'évènement. La praticabilité pour déployer le modèle de respect de la vie privée dans un environnement réel est analysée par un scénario de cas pour le projet mexicain d'e-gouvernement.
6
Lajoie-Mazenc, Paul. "Réputation et respect de la vie privée dans les réseaux dynamiques auto-organisés". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S039/document.
Abstract (sommario):
Les mécanismes de réputation sont des outils très utiles pour inciter des utilisateurs ne se connaissant pas à se faire confiance, en récompensant les bons comportements et, inversement, en pénalisant les mauvais. Cependant, pour que la réputation des fournisseurs de service soit précise et robuste aux attaques, les mécanismes de réputation existants requièrent de nombreuses informations qui menacent la vie privée des utilisateurs; par exemple, il est parfois possible de traquer les interactions effectuées par les clients. Des mécanismes de réputation préservant aussi bien la vie privée des clients que celle des fournisseurs sont donc apparus pour empêcher de telles attaques. Néanmoins, pour garantir des propriétés fortes de vie privée, ces mécanismes ont dû proposer des scores de réputation imprécis, notamment en ne permettant pas aux clients de témoigner de leurs interactions négatives.Dans cette thèse, nous proposons un nouveau mécanisme de réputation distribué préservant la vie privée, tout en permettant aux clients d'émettre des témoignages négatifs. Une telle construction est possible grâce à des outils issus des systèmes distribués -- des tierces parties distribuées qui permettent de distribuer la confiance et de tolérer des comportements malveillants -- et de la cryptographie -- par exemple des preuves de connaissance à divulgation nulle de connaissance ou des signatures proxy anonymes. Nous prouvons de plus que ce mécanisme garantit les propriétés de vie privée et de sécurité nécessaires, et montrons par des analyses théoriques et pratiques que ce mécanisme est utilisableReputation mechanisms are very powerful mechanisms to foster trust between unknown users, by rewarding good behaviors and punishing bad ones. Reputation mechanisms must guarantee that the computed reputation scores are precise and robust against attacks; to guarantee such properties, existing mechanisms require information that jeopardize users' privacy: for instance, clients' interactions might be tracked. Privacy-preserving reputation mechanisms have thus been proposed, protecting both clients' privacy and the providers' one. However, to guarantee strong privacy properties, these mechanisms provide imprecise reputation scores, particularly by preventing clients to testify about their negative interactions. In this thesis, we propose a new distributed privacy-preserving reputation mechanism allowing clients to issue positive as well as negative feedback. Such a construction is made possible thanks to tools from the distributed systems community -- distributed third parties that allow for a distribution of trust and that tolerate malicious behaviors -- as well as from the cryptographic one -- for instance zero-knowledge proofs of knowledge or anonymous proxy signatures. Furthermore, we prove that our mechanism guarantees the required privacy and security properties, and we show with theoretical and practical analysis that this mechanism is usable
7
Moreno, Barbosa Andrés Dario. "Passage à l’échelle des systèmes de recommandation avec respect de la vie privée". Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4128/document.
Abstract (sommario):
L'objectif principal de la thèse est de proposer une méthode de recommandation prenant en compte la vie privée des utilisateurs ainsi que l'évolutivité du système. Pour atteindre cet objectif, une technique hybride basée sur le filtrage par contenu et le filtrage collaboratif est utilisée pour atteindre un modèle précis de recommandation, sous la pression des mécanismes visant à maintenir la vie privée des utilisateurs. Les contributions de la thèse sont trois : Tout d'abord, un modèle de filtrage collaboratif est défini en utilisant agent côté client qui interagit avec l'information sur les éléments, cette information est stockée du côté du système de recommandation. Ce modèle est augmenté d’un modèle hybride qui comprend une stratégie basée sur le filtrage par contenu. En utilisant un modèle de la connaissance basée sur des mots clés qui décrivent le domaine de l'article filtré, l'approche hybride augmente la performance de prédiction des modèles sans élever l’effort de calcul, dans un scenario du réglage de démarrage à froid. Finalement, certaines stratégies pour améliorer la protection de la vie privée du système de recommandation sont introduites : la génération de bruit aléatoire est utilisée pour limiter les conséquences éventuelles d'une attaque lorsque l'on observe en permanence l'interaction entre l'agent côté client et le serveur, et une stratégie basée sur la liste noire est utilisée pour s’abstenir de révéler au serveur des interactions avec des articles que l'utilisateur considère comme pouvant transgresser sa vie privée. L'utilisation du modèle hybride atténue l'impact négatif que ces stratégies provoquent sur la performance prédictive des recommandationsThe main objective of this thesis is to propose a recommendation method that keeps in mind the privacy of users as well as the scalability of the system. To achieve this goal, an hybrid technique using content-based and collaborative filtering paradigms is used in order to attain an accurate model for recommendation, under the strain of mechanisms designed to keep user privacy, particularly designed to reduce the user exposure risk. The thesis contributions are threefold : First, a Collaborative Filtering model is defined by using client-side agent that interacts with public information about items kept on the recommender system side. Later, this model is extended into an hybrid approach for recommendation that includes a content-based strategy for content recommendation. Using a knowledge model based on keywords that describe the item domain, the hybrid approach increases the predictive performance of the models without much computational effort on the cold-start setting. Finally, some strategies to improve the recommender system's provided privacy are introduced: Random noise generation is used to limit the possible inferences an attacker can make when continually observing the interaction between the client-side agent and the server, and a blacklisted strategy is used to refrain the server from learning interactions that the user considers violate her privacy. The use of the hybrid model mitigates the negative impact these strategies cause on the predictive performance of the recommendations
8
Flaud, Ivan. "Le droit au respect de la vie familiale". Chambéry, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CHAML024.
Abstract (sommario):
Le principe du droit au respect de la vie familiale au sens de l'article 8 de la Convention européenne est bien connue de nos jours, il ne faut pas oublier que l'on peut retrouver ce principe dans d'autres textes internationaux dont le plus emblématique est sans aucun doute la Déclaration Universelle des droits de l'homme dont il convient de rappeler l'absence de force obligatoire. La jurisprudence relative au droit au respect de la vie familiale s'est peu à peu développée, en particulier en matière de droit des étrangers : désormais, le droit au respect de la vie familiale intègre l'ensemble des questions relatives aux mesures d'éloignement des étrangers comme par exemple les questions d'expulsions, de reconduite à la frontière, de refus de visa, etc. Les questions relatives à l'adoption d'enfants par des homosexuels ont été soumises à la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme sur le fondement de l'article 8 de la Convention. A ce jour, le droit à l'adoption par des homosexuels n'est pas reconnaître la juridiction européenne. Le Conseil d'Etat a d'abord consacré le principe du droit de mener une vie familiale normale pour tout étranger sur le territoire national, en lui reconnaissant de droit de faire venir de manière définitive son conjoint et leurs éventuels enfants ; la notion de droit au respect de la vie familiale a été ainsi élevée au rang de Principe Général du Droit par le Conseil d'Etat. Puis, il a refusé pendant de nombreuses années d'appliquer ce principe sous l'angle des dispositions de l'article 8 de la Convention européenne. Ce n'est qu'au début des années 1990 qu'il a accepté de modifier sa jurisprudence tout en faisant une application pour le moins restrictive du principe. Le Conseil d'Etat applique le principe du droit au respect de la vie familiale, au sens de l'article 8 de la Convention européenne, à l'ensemble du contentieux des étrangers ; le fait d'appliquer ce principe ne revient pas forcément à donner raison à chaque fois aux requérants. Le Conseil constitutionnel a accordé, par une célèbre décision de 1993, une valeur constitutionnelle à la protection du principe. Cette notion est reconnue au niveau international et en droit interne. Mais, elle finit par atteindre ses limites : la protection de la vie familiale ne passe t-elle pas par une notion plus vaste : celle du droit au respect de la vie privée ?
9
Killijian, Marc-Olivier. "CONTRIBUTIONS À LA RÉSILIENCE ET AU RESPECT DE LA VIE PRIVÉE DES SYSTÈMES MOBIQUITAIRES". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00849725.
Abstract (sommario):
Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire résument l'ensemble de mes activités dans le domaine de la résilience et du respect de la vie privée dans les systèmes ubiquitaires mobiles. Ils s'orientent sur trois axes principaux : l'utilisation de la réfléxivité pour la construction d'architectures sûres, la résilience des systèmes mobiquitaires (architectures, algorithmes et leur évalution), et la geoprivacy. Le premier axe concerne la tolérance aux fautes pour les systèmes distribués, sous un angle architecture et langage. Dans ces travaux, j' ai étudié l'utilisation de la réflexivité à la compilation et à l'exécution afin de faciliter l'implémentation de mécanismes de tolérance aux fautes indépendemment de l'application. L'utilisation de la réflexivité a été étudiée dans le cadre de travaux théoriques, concernant la réflexivité multi-niveaux, ou plus pratiques, comme la mise en oeuvre de la réflexivité sur des composants sur étagères, dans une architecture logicielle embarquée, ou pour permettre l'adaptation de mécanismes de tolérance aux fautes à l'exécution. Le chapitre 1 présente ces différents travaux. Le deuxième axe concerne la tolérance aux fautes dans les systèmes mobiles. Mon approche a été d'aborder la mobilité comme un atout et non pas comme une difficulté. Cette approche m'a mené à étudier la notion de communication de groupes géographiques : comment définir un groupe d'entités communicantes en fonction de leur localisation respective ou en fonction de leur proximité. J'ai ensuite, sous l'angle du pair-à-pair, proposé un système de sauvegarde coopérative de données, où les noeuds mobiles participants offrent un service de stockage sécurisé qu'ils peuvent utiliser afin de sauvegarder leurs données critiques. Cette solution a été également déclinée pour offrir un système de boîte noire virtuelle pour l'automobile. Ces travaux ont été traités sous des angles algorithmique et architecturaux, mais également sous l'angle de l'évaluation de la sûreté de fonctionnement, à la fois analytique et expérimentale. Ces travaux font l'objet du chapitre 2. Dans le cadre de mes recherches sur la résilience des systèmes mobiquitaires, des questions d'ordre déontologique ont été soulevées : comment exploiter des données de mobilité individuelles tout en préservant la vie privée des individus ? C'est à cette occasion que je me suis intéressé à ce que l'on peut nommer la geoprivacy. Ce domaine représente maintenant la majeure partie de mes travaux, tant sous l'angle des attaques que sous celui de la protection. Nous proposons un modèle Markovien de mobilité individuelle, outil à la fois compact, précis, intelligible et facilement adaptable pour représenter la mobilité d'un individu. Sur la base de ce modèle de mobilité, nous proposons plusieurs attaques qui ciblent par exemple la prédiction des déplacements futurs, ou encore la des-anonymisation. En ce qui concerne la protection de la geoprivacy, nous travaillons actuellement sur des abstractions de niveau intergiciel, tel les locanymes ou les localisation vérifiées, afin de proposer une architecture sûre et respectueuse de la vie privée pour les systèmes géolocalisés. Le chapitre 3 aborde ces aspects de ma recherche. Ces différents travaux se sont enchaînés dans un mélange de hasard, de sérendipité et de poursuite d'un objectif commun : fournir des moyens algorithmiques et architecturaux pour la résilience des systèmes informatiques actuels, à savoir distribués, mobiles, ubiquitaires. Les techniques et outils que j'utilise pour aborder cette problématique large auront été divers et variés, cela participe à mon expérience, sans cesse renouvelée. De nombreuses pistes de recherche sont encore ouvertes et sont exposées dans le chapitre 4.
10
Arnaud, Stéphanie. "Le respect de la vie personnelle des salariés dans la relation de travail". Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX32028.
Abstract (sommario):
La vie personnelle consiste en une logique d'autodétermination et de monopole informationnel sur les données intimes. La respecter signifie octroyer de l'autonomie et réduire la surveillance et le dépistage d'information sur les salariés. Il existe des zones de flous et d'imprécisions juridiques qui octroient une marge de manœuvre aux dirigeants : Jusqu'où peuvent-ils prôner le respect de la vie personnelle de leurs employés sans compromettre l'objectif de performance ? Selon la théorie standard de l'agence, les incitations réduisent l'opportunisme et stimulent la motivation extrinsèque. En psychologie, la théorie de l'autodétermination et de l'évaluation cognitive explique qu'un environnement de travail qui ne respecte pas la logique d'autodétermination de la personne, sape sa motivation autorégulée. Nous montrons que chaque situation de travail nécessite un certain équilibre entre ces deux types de motivations, dont on peut déduire les formes d'encadrement et de surveillance souhaitables – et par conséquent, le niveau optimal de respect de la vie personnelle à mettre en place. Nos hypothèses se trouvent globalement validées par un modèle d'équations structurelles élaboré sur la base de 568 questionnaires distribués auprès de salariés travaillant en France. Les résultats montrent l'effet d'éviction / de renforcement de la motivation autorégulée par un mode de management perçu comme une source de contrôle / un soutien à l'autonomie. Le management situationnel se présente comme une solution pour concilier le respect de la vie personnelle des salariés et l'objectif de performance de l'entreprisePrivacy consists in a logic of self-determination and informational monopoly on personal data. Respecting it means conceding autonomy and reducing monitoring and information screening on employees. There are legal vaguenesses in which managers find the possibility to choose between different levels of respect of workers' personal life: To what extent can they promote employees privacy without compromising organizational efficiency ? According to standard agency theory, incentives reduce opportunism and foster extrinsic motivation. In psychology, theory of self-determination and cognitive evaluation explains that a work environment which doesn't respect the logic of a person self-determination, crowds out her self-regulated motivation. We find that every work situation requires a particular equilibrium between those two types of motivations which implies appropriate forms of management and monitoring – and therefore, the optimal level of privacy. Our hypotheses are globally validated by a structural equations model based on 568 questionnaires distributed to French workers. Results show the crowding-out / crowding-in effect of self-regulated motivation by a type of management perceived as controlling / informative and autonomy supportive. Situational management appears to be a solution to conciliate the respect of employees' privacy with the firm's performance
Libri sul tema "Respect vie privée":
1
Ontario. Ministère de la santé. Respect de la vie privée et confidentialité. Toronto, Ont: Ministère de la santé, 1993.
2
Graves, Frank. La vie privée exposée: Le sondage canadien sur le respect de la vie privée. Ottawa, Ont: Communications Canada, 1993.
3
Michaud, Martin. Le droit au respect de la vie privée dans le contexte médiatique: De Warren et Brandeis à l'inforoute. Montréal, Qué: Wilson & Lafleur, 1996.
4
Institut canadien d'information sur la santé., a cura di. Le respect de la vie privée et confidentialité de l'information sur la santé à l'ICIS: Principes et politiques pour la protection des renseignements personnels sur la santé et politiques pour l'information sur l'établissement. 3a ed. Ottawa, Ont: Institut canadien d'information sur la santé, 2002.
5
Sudre, Frédéric. Le droit au respect de la vie privée au sens de la Convention européenne des droits de l'homme: Actes du colloque des 26 et 27 novembre 2004. Bruxelles: Nemesis, 2005.
6
Pailler, Ludovic. Les réseaux sociaux sur internet et le droit au respect de la vie privée. LARCIER, 2012.
7
Pailler, Ludovic. Les réseaux sociaux sur internet et le droit au respect de la vie privée. LARCIER, 2012.
8
Aspects éthiques des neurotechnologies. Série Rapports du CIB. UNESCO, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54678/bjgc9199.
Abstract (sommario):
Faut-il avoir peur des neurotechnologies ? Une personne sur 8 dans le monde vit avec un trouble mental ou neurologique (IHME, 2019), ce qui représente 1/3 des dépenses de santé dans les pays développés, et un fardeau croissant dans les pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire. Avec le potentiel de fournir de nouveaux traitements et des solutions préventives et thérapeutiques, les neurotechnologies offrent un immense espoir aux patients du monde entier. Cependant, cette technologie soulève des questions éthiques uniques. Contrairement à de nombreuses autres technologies de pointe, les neurotechnologies peuvent accéder, manipuler et émuler la structure du cerveau qui est au cœur des notions d’identité humaine, de liberté de pensée, d’autonomie, de respect de la vie privée et de bien-être. Les possibilités croissantes de modifier le cerveau, et par conséquent l’esprit, de manière invasive et omniprésente, nous obligent à poser des questions sans précédent. Est-il nécessaire de créer de nouveaux droits de l’homme neuro-spécifiques pour protéger notre vie privée et notre intégrité mentale ?Le Comité international de bioéthique de l’UNESCO identifie les bénéfices des neurotechnologies, mais aussi les caractéristiques humaines fondamentales et les droits de l’homme qui pourraient être remis en question par ces développements. Ce rapport propose des recommandations concrètes à un large éventail de parties prenantes, dont l’UNESCO, les États membres, la communauté de chercheurs et chercheuses et le public. UNESCO Catno: 0000385924
9
Mishra, Aneil K., a cura di. Restoring Trust in Higher Education. ABC-CLIO, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216008125.
Abstract (sommario):
Leaders from both private and public institutions provide a 360-degree view of the challenges and opportunities facing higher education—and offer a manifesto for restoring relevance and respect. Where is the value in higher education? How can higher education restore its relevance and trust with students and parents? Are there really any meaningful differences between public and private higher education? This volume probes those questions and more, exploring the myriad issues that have led many people to question whether higher education is worth the sacrifices it requires of parents and students. Drawing on the experience and expertise of a wide variety of highly renowned academics, respected government officials, and well-grounded individuals from the private sector, this thought-provoking book offers readers simple but powerful ways to evaluate whether prospective colleges and universities merit the very substantial investment of time, abilities, and financial resources they necessitate. Readers will learn what to look for in a college or university and what questions to ask in selecting an institution of higher education. They will also learn how parents, students, academicians, and other stakeholders can advocate for changes to benefit both higher education and the constituency it serves.
10
Québec (Province). Une vie privee mieux respectee, un citoyen mieux informe: Rapport sur la mise en oeuvre de la Loi sur l'acces aux documents des organismes publics et sur la protection des renseignements personnels. La Commission, 1987.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Respect vie privée":
1
Dutkiewicz, Lidia, Yuliya Miadzvetskaya, Hosea Ofe, Alan Barnett, Lukas Helminger, Stefanie Lindstaedt e Andreas Trügler. "Privacy-Preserving Techniques for Trustworthy Data Sharing: Opportunities and Challenges for Future Research". In Data Spaces, 319–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98636-0_15.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractOne of the foundations of data sharing in the European Union (EU) is trust, especially in view of the advancing digitalization and recent developments with respect to European Data Spaces. In this chapter, we argue that privacy-preserving techniques, such as multi-party computation and fully homomorphic encryption, can play a positive role in enhancing trust in data sharing transactions. We therefore focus on an interdisciplinary perspective on how privacy-preserving techniques can facilitate trustworthy data sharing. We start with introducing the legal landscape of data sharing in the EU. Then, we discuss the different functions of third-party intermediaries, namely, data marketplaces. Before giving a legal perspective on privacy-preserving techniques for enhancing trust in data sharing, we briefly touch upon the Data Governance Act (DGA) proposal with relation to trust and its intersection with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). We continue with an overview on the technical aspects of privacy-preserving methods in the later part, where we focus on methods based on cryptography (such as homomorphic encryption, multi-party computation, private set intersection) and link them to smart contracts. We discuss the main principles behind these methods and highlight the open challenges with respect to privacy, performance bottlenecks, and a more widespread application of privacy-preserving analytics. Finally, we suggest directions for future research by highlighting that the mutual understanding of legal frameworks and technical capabilities will form an essential building block of sustainable and secure data sharing in the future
2
Rémond, Edith. "Les distinctions des journalistes en matière de respect de l’intimité". In La vie privée à l’heure des médias, 179–84. Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pub.31881.
3
Strugala, Claire. "Développement de la biométrie et droit au respect de la vie privée : un droit lacunaire ?" In L’identification biométrique, 275–302. Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.editionsmsh.175.
4
BOUCAUD, Pascale. "Protection de la liberté et de la fragilité de la personne face au robot". In Intelligence(s) artificielle(s) et Vulnérabilité(s) : kaléidoscope, 137–48. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.3642.
Abstract (sommario):
Le cadre de vie de la personne âgée, quel qu’il soit, est de plus en plus connecté à des techniques numériques diversifiées. En dépit de l’apport incontestable de ces nouvelles techniques, des risques sont d’ores et déjà à souligner. De nombreuses déclarations ont vu le jour, en faveur d’une IA éthique, responsable et respectueuse des droits de la personne. Sont principalement concernés le principe de dignité humaine, de liberté du consentement, le droit au respect de la vie privée, la protection des données personnelles. Ces droits fondamentaux ne sont pas négociables et encore moins optionnels. C’est pourquoi, nous tenterons dans cet article, de mesurer l’effectivité de certains de ces droits et libertés pour la personne âgée confrontée à la robotisation.
5
Girer, Marion, e Guillaume Rousset. "Chapitre 1. Le droit au respect de la dignité, de la vie privée et de la liberté d’aller et venir". In Les droits des usagers dans les secteurs sanitaire, social et médico-social, 11–28. Presses de l’EHESP, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ehesp.girer.2022.01.0011.
6
ADENIYA, Jihane kèmi. "Le numérique à l’ère de la Covid-19 : quelles conséquences pour le monde du droit ?" In Les épidémies au prisme des SHS, 183–90. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.6004.
Abstract (sommario):
Le recours aux technologies numériques dans la lutte contre la pandémie de la Covid-19 s’est imposé non seulement à travers le concept de télétravail mais aussi par le traçage numérique de la population dans un but de dépistage rapide et massif. La Covid en imposant une pratique de travail à distance, a impacté les habitudes dans de nombreux métiers. Les métiers du droit, qui manipulent un grand nombre de données sensibles, connaissent en particulier une vraie révolution qui incite le juriste, bon gré mal gré, à donner une meilleure version de lui-même, un juriste augmenté, un juriste 4.0. L’objectif de la présente étude est, de démontrer d’une part comment concilier la surveillance numérique et le respect des libertés individuelles ; et d’autre part, comment, face à de nouveaux impératifs, certains métiers du droit encore très traditionnels et attachés au présentéisme doivent s'adapter de plus en plus au numérique. Ce dernier change les dynamiques du marché juridique et le rapport des justiciables à la justice. Accélérée par la Covid-19, l’innovation technologique interpelle puisqu’elle oblige les acteurs du droit, toutes professions confondues, (juriste d’entreprise, notaire, avocats, juges entre autres) à repenser leurs manières de travailler. Si elle est prometteuse, cette innovation peut être source d’inquiétudes. Cet exposé pose, outre la question relative à la protection de la vie privée des particuliers, celle de l’évolution des professions judiciaire et juridique non pas en les remplaçant par des machines « intelligentes » disant le droit mais vers une collaboration entre elles pour des gains de temps et de moyens considérables. A l’heure où la précarisation de la justice est régulièrement dénoncée, ne faut-il pas voir dans ces algorithmes, des technologies prometteuses ? Cependant, comment concilier le numérique au respect des libertés individuelles ? L’avènement dans la société juridique de l’intelligence artificielle a été source d’attentes dont l’origine, la légitimité, la soutenabilité et la transparence restent tout de même à approfondir. Pour y réfléchir, nous examinerons comment des formules mathématiques mettent à disposition des outils au service du droit, en conformité avec les libertés individuelles. Nous n’entrerons pas dans le détail technique des réalisations de cette notion mais resterons à un niveau proprement épistémologique. La méthode sera tout d’abord d’analyser des corpus, constitués non seulement d’arguments des promoteurs de l’innovation technologique dans le domaine du droit, mais aussi de diverses réglementations. Nous étudierons ensuite les enjeux principaux de l’intelligence artificielle, à la fois dans les juridictions et à l’interface entre usagers et opérateurs du droit. Le tout, enfin, pour constituer une approche humaniste et inter-humaniste de cette transformation numérique. Les résultats démontreront que la crise sanitaire a été un propulseur de la numérisation dans l’intérêt des professionnels du droit ainsi que celui des usagers, bien que ce dernier point reste controversé.
7
Govindaraj, V. C. "Validity of Marriage". In Private International Law, 114–21. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199489282.003.0006.
Abstract (sommario):
Strange as it may seem, courts in general have a tendency to treat marriage and its validity as an all-purpose concept, may we say omnific, vis-à-vis correlative issues such as adoption, legitimacy and rights of succession, testate or intestate, of a surviving spouse and children born of such marriage. Marriage may be good for the purpose of one issue and yet invalid for the purpose of another; as Professor Willis L.M. Reese says. The same attitude they bring to bear in respect of adoption. They blindly follow the opinion of authoritative law givers, ignoring the rules of conflict of laws.
8
Mills, Claudia. "Pride". In Philosophy for Girls, 39–50. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190072919.003.0004.
Abstract (sommario):
Pride is philosophically puzzling because it seems to be both vice and virtue, identified with arrogance and conceit on the one hand and with staunch self-respect on the other. This chapter argues that pride is more justified if it is based on things that are truly valuable and beneficial to others (such as good character) rather than things that are of only (dubious) value for oneself, such as wealth and social position; it is more justified if it is connected with things for which the proud person can claim personal responsibility rather than the accidental products of nature or nurture. An important distinction can also be drawn between relative pride in one’s comparative superiority to others versus absolute pride in one’s dignity as a human being; the former fosters competition and can reinforce political and economic hierarchies; the latter fosters cooperation and challenges oppressive social structures.
9
Robé, Jean-Philippe. "The Modern Constitutional Mode of Government". In Property, Power and Politics, 87–106. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529213164.003.0003.
Abstract (sommario):
The notions of State and of the « Organs of the State » are explained in some details to distinguish their prerogatives from private prerogatives. Private property, in this respect, grants autonomy from the « Organs of the State ». It is part of the constitutional prerogatives protecting private persons against excessive public governmental encroachments. It is part of a constitutional order which combines both democracy and distrust for democracy, by limiting the prerogatives of the Organs of the State. The approach developed proposes a unitary view of the Constitution as providing for both public and private prerogatives, the first ones being exercised by Organs of the State and the second ones by legal persons which are not Organs of the State. Public and private prerogatives operate via fundamentally different rules, private property rights entitling their holders to exercise their prerogatives in a despotic manner, i.e. they can do what they want with what they have without the need to take anybody’s advice or authorization - which is the definition of despotism.
10
Dagan, Hanoch. "The Liberal Promise of Contract". In Private Law and Practical Reason, 311—C18.N84. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192857330.003.0018.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Chapter 18 studies Gardner’s reflections on contract and contractualization in order to evaluate the transfer theory of contract on which he implicitly relied. Gardner’s elaboration of the implications of transfer theory is convincing. But unlike Gardner, the chapter refuses to take transfer theory for granted. Transfer theory may nicely fit contracts that follow the model of an extended barter, but this is a particular and not particularly happy view of contract. Transfer theory is particular because it ill-fits a significant subset of contract law and the practice of contracting. Transfer theory is also not a particularly happy view of contract, and not only because its implementation would curtail law’s support of many human endeavors. Gardner’s critical insights are particularly significant here. The contrast to the alternative, autonomy-enhancing view of contract—referred to here as “liberal contract”—could not be sharper. Indeed, understanding contract as a joint plan, rather than transfer, and recognizing its reliance on reciprocal respect for self-determination, rather than for independence, radically transforms the role of “the contract part.” The implications of substituting the security-based view of contract with its autonomy-based counterpart suggest that while liberalism is indeed historically contingent, liberal values are indispensable for a just private law.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Respect vie privée":
1
Noé, Paul-Gauthier, Andreas Nautsch, Driss Matrouf, Pierre-Michel Bousquet e Jean-François Bonastre. "Faire le pont entre l’observation et la preuve : Application au respect de la vie privée". In XXXIVe Journées d'Études sur la Parole -- JEP 2022. ISCA: ISCA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/jep.2022-56.
2
Radina, Ana. "THE RIGHT TO RESPECT FOR PRIVATE AND FAMILY LIFE AS A MEANS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION". In International Scientific Conference “Digitalization and Green Transformation of the EU“. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/27444.
Abstract (sommario):
Environmental degradation has a significant impact on a number of fundamental human rights; it alters the way individuals lead their lives, threatens their well-being and can prevent them, among other things, from peacefully enjoying their private and family life. Just like the environmental protection is crucial for the enjoyment of human rights, the effective exercise of human rights is essential for safeguarding the environment. Although this reciprocal relationship has long been widely acknowledged, the human right to a clean and healthy environment still awaits international and European human rights law recognition in the form of a binding document. Since the right to respect for private and family life is one of the fundamental human rights most affected by harmful effects of environmental pollution, it is often used as a means of addressing environmental issues. Besides reflecting on the European Union’s approach to environmental protection, this paper will focus on the examining of the specifics and the extent of the protection afforded to the environment through the right to private and family life as guaranteed by Article 8 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, and how this process in turn contributes to the development of the ‘green’ dimension of the right to private and family life. Naturally, the aim of the paper is also to consider the existing possibilities for advancing the protection of the human right to a healthy environment by means of the right to private and family life and vice versa.
3
Stan, Marian. "Aspects regarding the improvement of sports funding criteria in the Republic of Moldova". In Conferinta stiintifica internationala "Strategii si politici de management in economia contemporana", editia VII. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/icspm2022.42.
Abstract (sommario):
Sportul este o componentă esenţială a imaginii unei ţări, respectiv identificarea căilor de remediere a acestui domeniu pentru Republica Moldova constituie un obiectiv esenţial de abordare. Importanţa studierii cadrului legislativ din Republica Moldova aferent domeniului sportiv, la momentul actual, este inevitabilă din mai multe considerente, precum: sporirea nivelului de sănătate a populaţiei; implicarea instituţiilor private în îmbunătăţirea situaţiei financiare şi a condiţiilor pentru practicarea sportului, convingerea angajaţilor în eficienţa practicării sportului pentru sănătate. În prezenta lucrarea ne-am propus să analizam situaţia ce vizează finanţarea sportului, ceea ce presupune identificare punctele tari şi slabe, respectiv să înaintăm propuneri de modificări legislative de îmbunătăţire a lor şi importanța practicǎ a aplicării acestora în cadrul federațiilor sportive. Un obiectiv esenţial constă în faptul că ne vom concentra asupra condiţiilor de finanţare şi oportunităţile de remediere a situaţiei şi posibilităţilor de finanţare, astfel că le vom identifica pe cele mai importante. În calitate de baze de date au servit sursele de informare cu privire cadrul metodologic, actele legislative, codul fiscal etc. Principalele metode de cercetare au fost selectate în așa mod încât să ofere informații atât cantitative, cât și calitative, capabile să ofere răspunsuri comprehensive la toate întrebările apărute în procesul de evaluare, precum: analiza de documente, chestionar, interviuri, analiza multicriterială, analiza multicriterială etc. Drept rezultat ne-am propus ca această cercetare să fie expusă într-o lucrare cu o structură logică, cu informații concise, dar argumentate cu privire la situaţia în domeniului sportului şi înaintarea Proiectului de lege cu titlu de inițiativă legislativă pentru modificarea articolului 24 din Codul fiscal nr.1163/1997, cu scopul de a îmbunătăţi situaţia din domeniul sportului cu privire la finanţarea şi modificarea sistemului fiscal, dar şi a situaţiei în general a societăţii.
4
Popa, Daniela. "Digital transformation of the socio-economic system in the Republic of Moldova". In Conferinta stiintifica internationala "Strategii si politici de management in economia contemporana", editia VII. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/icspm2022.54.
Abstract (sommario):
Digital transformation of the socio-economic system in the Republic of Moldova method is very actual and offers tools of diagnosis, evaluation, and observation that are accessible to the local actors of sustainable territorial development. The purpose of these tools is useful to draft relevant development projects, efficiently manage these projects, then evaluate them and estimate their impact. Research methods, data, and main results are intended for the actors of sustainable development to respect and favor the principles of participation, global approach, and partnership. They facilitate the mobilization of development partnerships that are composed of professionals who work in public services, private organizations, and active voluntaries in associations.
5
Cimpoieş, Dragoş, Anatol Racul e Iurie Danilov. "Sustainable rural development by using land market evaluation in the Republic of Moldova with the space econometrics method as the financial tool in land consolidation". In International Scientific Conference “30 Years of Economic Reforms in the Republic of Moldova: Economic Progress via Innovation and Competitiveness”. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/9789975155663.06.
Abstract (sommario):
The aim of the paper is to define the spatial econometric method for the land evaluation in rural areas by using the opportunity price in land transactions. The factors that determine land market in the Republic of Moldova are significantly related to the productivity of agricultural land, their location within the local landscape, characterized by the slope and soil quality, adjacency to local or republican access roads for storage and other. Also, an important role in the formation of the plots market price has the pressure of the urban space to convert the agricultural lands afferent to the cities and villages in industrial or residential spaces. This financial pressure with an exponential decrease concentric with respect to urban centers is not negligible in the formation of the price of land transactions.
6
Gonçalves, Marcus Fabiano, e Terezinha Azevedo de Oliveira. "Slavery and colonialism – Seen & not seen – In current Brazilian society: for social pride". In V Seven International Multidisciplinary Congress. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevenvmulti2024-126.
Abstract (sommario):
This article will seek to raise bibliographical references on social inequalities found in contemporary Brazil. This theme is covered in the book entitled Paths to Recognition, Equality and Respect, by Jacques D'Adesky (2018). The guiding thread of this work brings reflections aimed at revisiting the past to launch us, at the same time, into questions about the future of racial relations in Brazil and in the contemporary world with a view to expanding the debate about the limits of colonial practices and racism to the future of humanity and, in particular, for populations subordinated in their identities and cultural values. From this perspective, the questions raised in this study focus on racial relations in Brazil in dialogue with the reflections elaborated by Brazilian black activism, namely: are there really equal opportunities, principles of non-discrimination and merit in the face of affirmative action policies? ? Are such political practices effective in promoting equal opportunities, recognition and combating racism in contemporary times?
7
Mohamed, Yasien. "THE EDUCATIONAL THEORY OF FETHULLAH GÜLEN AND ITS PRACTICE IN SOUTH AFRICA". In Muslim World in Transition: Contributions of the Gülen Movement. Leeds Metropolitan University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55207/unws8008.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper deals with the educational thought of Fethullah Gülen and its application in a school in South Africa. It will attempt to demonstrate the effectiveness of the school, both academically and in the promotion of universal moral values. The Gülen school provides an alternative both to the Muslim private school and the general private school. Unlike the latter, it gives more attention to moral values, and unlike the former, it is open to all learn- ers irrespective of religious persuasion. It provides a service to society in the transmission of knowledge to humanity, and in cultivating moral values such as responsibility, tolerance, respect, reliability and compassion. The paper is divided into three parts: First, it introduces the problem of educational dichoto- my within the Turkish context since 1924, and how Fethullah Gülen attempted to reconcile science and religion, at least theoretically. Second, it presents the educational philosophy of Fethullah Gülen, especially his moral philosophy as inspired by Miskawayh’s (d. 1030) psy- chology of the soul and his view of the role of the teacher, both in the transmission of knowl- edge and moral values. Third, it discusses the practice of Gülen’s educational philosophy in South Africa, with special reference to Star International School, Cape Town, covering the religious motivations of the teachers, the moral ethos of the school, and educational problems and challenges.
8
Rudenko, Valentina. "Anti-Corruption Policy, the Constitution, and Human Rights in Poland". In The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-23.
Abstract (sommario):
The aim of the article is to investigate the relationship between the anti-corruption policy and the implementation of human rights in Poland. The following basic legal and political science research methods were used: axiological- normative, systematic, historical, comparative, institutional, structural-functional, formal-juridical methods. The article analyses the socio-political environment in which an anti-corruption policy in Poland was formed and the strategies for its implementation. Significant institutional changes of the system of anti-corruption agencies and legal regulation of anti-corruption activities of governmental authorities were addressed. The role of social supervision in the field of corruption control in Poland was analysed. Polish anti-corruption policy peculiarities were highlighted, which increase the risk of violations and the disproportionate restriction of human rights. Particular attention was paid to the analysis of the scope of competencies and credentials of the Central Anti-Corruption Bureau, and its place in the system of anti-corruption agencies. Based on the analysis of anti-corruption policy in Poland, it was concluded that human rights are one of the most important criteria for the success and effectiveness of anti-corruption policy implementation. The issue of balance between anti-corruption policy and human rights implementation in modern democratic states shall be solved via a system-based approach within the framework of constitutional principles of democratic states, namely: the rule of law, human dignity as a basic value of a democratic state, respect for human rights and the admissibility of their restriction only within the limits and forms permitted by the Constitution, the principle of separation and balance of powers, the supremacy of people.
9
Trúchliková, Mária, e Jakub Lukáč. "Sustainability of family businesses during a pandemic COVID-19". In Sustainable Business Development Perspectives 2022. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0197-2022-25.
Abstract (sommario):
Family business is the most ubiquitous form of business organization in any world economy. Behavior of family businesses is to some extent different than other types of business. The key problem and factor of family businesses is sustainability. Family businesses have many specific features -family firms tend to be more stable, accountable, and trustable on the one hand, but on the other hand, they must combine private and business life and deal with succession issues. Research on the sustainability of family businesses is relatively new, and there are three aspects - sustainability in this type of business has been defined as those concerns related to continuity, perseverance, the second aspect includes actions related to the transparency and values of the company, internal audits, respect for the environment, relationships with both suppliers and customers or consumers, and interaction with the community, all focused on strengthening the viability of the company and the third view focuses on financial stability and sustainable financial performance. We focused on three models – Altman Z-score, IN05 and Binkert´s model a analysed period before and after outbreak COVID-19 pandemic. We monitored how COVID-19 pandemic influenced financial stability of family businesses in selected sector – construction.
10
Václavová, Veronika. "Slovenská republika ako právny štát s ohľadom na garanciu ľudských práv". In Naděje právní vědy 2022. University of West Bohemia, Czech Republic, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24132/zcu.nadeje.2022.745-750.
Abstract (sommario):
In the contribution we consider the question whether the Slovak Republic really fulfills all the attributes of the rule of law, which it is considered to be in accordance with the Constitution of the Slovak Republic. The article discusses the issue from the point of view of the guarantee of human rights; it is concretized on the rights of persons, or same-sex couples. The legal recognition and creation of a legal union of same-sex couples is an important human rights issue resolved within the framework of the right to private and family life, which is guaranteed by Art. 8 of the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. We are of the opinion that the legal absence of recognition of the cohabitation of same-sex couples does not respect the human rights obligations of the Slovak Republic. We believe that as long as a certain right is granted to the majority, it should be a certainty for all, otherwise there is discrimination and at the same time disrespect for the codes that guarantee this. At the same time, discrimination against same-sex couples contradicts the declared model of a free and democratic society.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Respect vie privée":
1
Jimenez Mori, Raul Alberto, e Ariel Yépez-García. Understanding the Drivers of Household Energy Spending: Micro Evidence for Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, maggio 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011795.
Abstract (sommario):
The paper investigates the determinants of household energy spending and energy budget shares, with a focus on understanding their non-linear relationship with income, and the presence of economies of scale. The analysis is based on a unique, harmonized collection of official household surveys from 13 Latin American countries. This dataset allows distinguishing between expenditures on electricity, domestic gas, and fuel for private transportation, providing a comprehensive distributional view of the energy spending profile of the residential sector. The estimated empirical Engel curves behave similarly; however, the derived income elasticities show marked distinctions by fuel, and their actual values depend on the households' relative position over the income distribution. For electricity, the elasticity tends to increase in income but stabilize at the wealthiest segments. For gas and transport fuel, it decreases under different income paths. In this dataset, the examination returns income elasticities on the (0,1) interval, suggesting that energy commodities are necessity goods. However, the distribution of aggregate energy expenditure needs to be considered. Specifically, there is a great concentration among the richer groups, particularly for transport fuels, where the top quintile gathers more than half of the aggregate spending. The results also indicate economies of scale -for electricity and domestic gas- with respect to family-age composition, and to a lesser extent with respect to dwelling size. In the case of electricity, these economies are more pronounced for richer households. These results join the previous literature in emphasizing the relevance of taking into account household demographic and socioeconomic trends for energy management.
2
Bano, Masooda. Low-Fee Private-Tuition Providers in Developing Countries: An Under-Appreciated and Under- Studied Market—Supply-Side Dynamics in Pakistan. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), agosto 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/107.
Abstract (sommario):
Although low-income parents’ dependence on low-fee private schools has been actively documented in the past decade, existing research and policy discussions have failed to recognise their heavy reliance on low-fee tuition providers in order to ensure that their children complete the primary cycle. By mapping a vibrant supply of low-fee tuition providers in two neighbourhoods in the twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad in Pakistan, this paper argues for understanding the supply-side dynamics of this segment of the education market with the aim of designing better-informed policies, making better use of public spending on supporting private-sector players to reach the poor. Contrary to what is assumed in studies of the private tuition market, the low-fee tuition providers offering services in the Pakistani urban neighbourhoods are not teachers in government schools trying to make extra money by offering afternoon tutorial to children from their schools. Working from their homes, the tutors featured in this paper are mostly women who often have no formal teacher training but are imaginative in their use of a diverse set of teaching techniques to ensure that children from low-income households who cannot get support for education at home cope with their daily homework assignments and pass the annual exams to transition to the next grade. These tutors were motivated to offer tuition by a combination of factors ranging from the need to earn a living, a desire to stay productively engaged, and for some a commitment to help poor children. Arguing that parents expect them to take full responsibility for their children’s educational attainment, these providers view the poor quality of education in schools, the weak maternal involvement in children’s education, and changing cultural norms, whereby children no longer respect authority, as being key to explaining the prevailing low educational levels. The paper presents evidence that the private tuition providers, who may be viewed as education entrepreneurs, have the potential to be used by the state and development agencies to provide better quality education to children from low-income families.
3
Alonso, Pablo, Jose Ignacio Sembler, Hector Conroy, Camilo Pecha, Diether Beuermann, Marco Velarde, Oliver Azuara Herrera e Chloe Fevre. Country Program Evaluation: Mexico (2007-2011). Inter-American Development Bank, gennaio 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010507.
Abstract (sommario):
This country program evaluation (CPE) covers the 2007-2011 period. This evaluation pays particular attention to the relevance of the IDB's program in relation to Mexico's fundamental challenges, as well as to the Bank's strategy developed during the period in an effort to become more relevant in Mexico: work with the private sector, work with subnational governments, and strategic use of technical assistance. The Bank did more business with the country during the period under review than in the previous period, and the downward trend observed at the end of the last period and at the beginning of the present period has reversed. In addition, the Bank has revitalized its role as interlocutor in the social policy dialogue, demonstrating that if the legal hurdles are resolved, it could expand its heretofore limited but important role in strengthening subnational governments. Although the Bank has been losing relevance in relative terms, it continues to provide financial, technical, and operational benefits to Mexico. The country program has been relevant to Mexico's structural challenges and to one of three challenges of the period (the financial crisis), as well as partially relevant to the other two challenges (influenza A H1N1, and rising violence). With regard to the foregoing three areas of the Bank's position, the CPE finds that: (i) although the Bank's volume of business in the private sector has nearly quadrupled compared with the previous period and has had an appreciable countercyclical effect, it has not been possible to clearly identify the criteria used to organize or prioritize work in the sector, or to select the various windows vis-à-vis the Bank's comparative advantage, the country's market conditions, and the applicable strategy documents; (ii) the Bank and the Mexican government, despite major efforts during the period to resolve the legal impediments to working directly with subnational governments, have not yet found an efficient and effective mechanism to support them, as illustrated by the fact that in five years only two operations for US$660 million were approved; and (iii) while the use of technical assistance has been well received and has enabled the Bank to revitalize its role as interlocutor in the social policy dialogue, there is ample room for improving the strategic focus of such assistance. It should be noted that there has been a record high level of approvals and that portfolio efficiency, in terms of preparation and execution times and cost, has improved with respect to the preceding period and to other countries. The program's evaluability has generally improved over the course of the period, but the evaluability of private sector and technical assistance operations is low. The Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) recommends that the Bank should consider some specific options for enhancing the program's strategic consistency, improving the Bank's work in the private sector, reducing transaction costs to remain competitive as well as to engage more intensively with subnational governments, and enhancing the strategic focus of technical assistance.
4
Zarate, Sebastian, Ilaria Cimadori, Maria Mercedes Roca, Michael S. Jones e Katie Barnhill-Dilling. Assessment of the Regulatory and Institutional Framework for Agricultural Gene Editing via CRISPR-based Technologies in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, maggio 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004904.
Abstract (sommario):
Genome editing tools have promised tremendous opportunities in agriculture for breeding crops and livestock across the food supply chain. Potentially addressing issues associated with a growing global population, sustainability concerns, and possibly helping address the effects of climate change (Kuiken, Barrangou, and Grieger 2021). These promises come alongside environmental, cultural, and socio-economic risks. Including concerns that governance systems are not keeping pace with technological developments and are ill-equipped, or not well suited to evaluate risks new genome editing tools may introduce. Understanding these complex, dynamic interactions across the LAC region is important to inform appropriate and acceptable regional governance and investment strategies. The power and promise of gene editing, CRISPR specifically, were first realized with the discovery of CRISPR loci in the 1980s (Anzalone, Koblan, and Liu 2020). Since that time, CRISPR-Cas systems have been further developed enabling genome editing in virtually all organisms across the tree of life (Anzalone, Koblan, and Liu 2020). Gene editing is not a singular technology or technique; it refers most often to a set of techniques that enable the manipulation of a genome with greater precision than previous iterations of genetic engineering (Shukla-Jones, Friedrichs, and Winickoff 2018b). The Inter-American Development Bank partnered with North Carolina State Universitys Genetic Engineering and Society (GES) Center to assess the regulatory and institutional frameworks surrounding gene-editing via CRISPR-based technologies in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) regions. The project studied the following core components: Current Policy Evaluation: Understanding what the future may hold requires a critical examination of the current status of the regulatory landscape. Analysis of the existing regulatory systems for agricultural biotechnologies throughout Latin America and how they included considerations for novel biotechnology strategies such as gene editing through CRISPR technologies were done. Forecasting and Future Policy Scenario Analysis: Potential products created through gene editing may face very different situations on the ground, depending on countries diverse regulations and market structures. To clarify the potential impacts of regulatory reforms, we included concrete case studies in our analysis. Identifying investment priorities: The diversity of the region naturally means that countries will have unique priorities and needs with respect to investment in agricultural biotechnology development and regulatory infrastructure. The document evaluates the accomplishments of the region in the development of gene edited products, highlighting both private and public sector innovations.
5
Crossan, Mary, Gerard Seijts, Jeffrey Gandz e Carol Stephenson. Leadership on Trial : A Manifesto for Leadership Development. Richard Ivey School of Business, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/iveypub.44.2010.
Abstract (sommario):
Recent books and articles have analyzed the causes of the global financial and economic crisis of 2007-09. Yet little attention has been paid to the quality of leadership in organizations that were at the epicentre of the storm, were victims of it, avoided it or even prospered from it. In the summer of 2009 a multi-disciplinary group of Ivey faculty decided to look at the leadership dimensions of the recent financial and economic crisis. We started by writing a working paper that laid out our preliminary views. We then engaged more than 300 business, public sector and not-for-profit leaders in small and large groups, as individuals and collectives, to get their reaction to this paper and, more generally, to discuss te role that organizational leadership played before, during and after the crisis. We examined leadership not just in the financial sector but also in many other public and private sector organizations that were affected by the crisis. In a sense, we were putting leadership on trial. Our aim in doing this was not to identify and assign blame. Rather, we examined leadership during this critical period in recent history to learn what we could, and use the learning to improve practice in leadership today and the development of next generation leaders. As we analyzed the role of leadership in this crisis we were faced with one major question: "Would better leadership have made a difference?" Our answer is unequivocal: "Yes!" We recognize that many people could argue it is unfair to criticize leaders whose decisions were based on their knowledge of the situation at the time and which only eventually, with the aid of 20/20 hindsight proved bad. We respect this view but we disagree with it. Some business and public sector leaders predicted better than others the bursting of the housing bubble and financial markets turmoil, positioned their organizations to avoid problems, and coped with them skillfully. Their organizations were not badly damaged by the crisis and some even prospered. Some governments and regulatory agencies' control and monitoring systems were superior to those in the U.S., the U.K., Ireland, Spain, Iceland and other countries that had to bail out their banks and other industries. Our evidence supports the conclusion that these companies, these agencies, these governments and these countries had better leadership. Good leadership mattered then and good leadership will matter in the future. We are presenting our conclusions about what good leadership involves in the form of a public statement of principles - a manifesto that addresses what good leaders do, who they are, and how they can be developed in organizations.
6
Payment Systems Report - June of 2021. Banco de la República, febbraio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2021.
Abstract (sommario):
Banco de la República provides a comprehensive overview of Colombia’s finan¬cial infrastructure in its Payment Systems Report, which is an important product of the work it does to oversee that infrastructure. The figures published in this edition of the report are for the year 2020, a pandemic period in which the con¬tainment measures designed and adopted to alleviate the strain on the health system led to a sharp reduction in economic activity and consumption in Colom¬bia, as was the case in most countries. At the start of the pandemic, the Board of Directors of Banco de la República adopted decisions that were necessary to supply the market with ample liquid¬ity in pesos and US dollars to guarantee market stability, protect the payment system and preserve the supply of credit. The pronounced growth in mone¬tary aggregates reflected an increased preference for liquidity, which Banco de la República addressed at the right time. These decisions were implemented through operations that were cleared and settled via the financial infrastructure. The second section of this report, following the introduction, offers an analysis of how the various financial infrastructures in Colombia have evolved and per¬formed. One of the highlights is the large-value payment system (CUD), which registered more momentum in 2020 than during the previous year, mainly be¬cause of an increase in average daily remunerated deposits made with Banco de la República by the General Directorate of Public Credit and the National Treasury (DGCPTN), as well as more activity in the sell/buy-back market with sovereign debt. Consequently, with more activity in the CUD, the Central Securi¬ties Depository (DCV) experienced an added impetus sparked by an increase in the money market for bonds and securities placed on the primary market by the national government. The value of operations cleared and settled through the Colombian Central Counterparty (CRCC) continues to grow, propelled largely by peso/dollar non-deliverable forward (NDF) contracts. With respect to the CRCC, it is important to note this clearing house has been in charge of managing risks and clearing and settling operations in the peso/dollar spot market since the end of last year, following its merger with the Foreign Exchange Clearing House of Colombia (CCDC). Since the final quarter of 2020, the CRCC has also been re¬sponsible for clearing and settlement in the equities market, which was former¬ly done by the Colombian Stock Exchange (BVC). The third section of this report provides an all-inclusive view of payments in the market for goods and services; namely, transactions carried out by members of the public and non-financial institutions. During the pandemic, inter- and intra-bank electronic funds transfers, which originate mostly with companies, increased in both the number and value of transactions with respect to 2019. However, debit and credit card payments, which are made largely by private citizens, declined compared to 2019. The incidence of payment by check contin¬ue to drop, exhibiting quite a pronounced downward trend during the past last year. To supplement to the information on electronic funds transfers, section three includes a segment (Box 4) characterizing the population with savings and checking accounts, based on data from a survey by Banco de la República con-cerning the perception of the use of payment instruments in 2019. There also is segment (Box 2) on the growth in transactions with a mobile wallet provided by a company specialized in electronic deposits and payments (Sedpe). It shows the number of users and the value of their transactions have increased since the wallet was introduced in late 2017, particularly during the pandemic. In addition, there is a diagnosis of the effects of the pandemic on the payment patterns of the population, based on data related to the use of cash in circu¬lation, payments with electronic instruments, and consumption and consumer confidence. The conclusion is that the collapse in the consumer confidence in¬dex and the drop in private consumption led to changes in the public’s pay¬ment patterns. Credit and debit card purchases were down, while payments for goods and services through electronic funds transfers increased. These findings, coupled with the considerable increase in cash in circulation, might indicate a possible precautionary cash hoarding by individuals and more use of cash as a payment instrument. There is also a segment (in Focus 3) on the major changes introduced in regulations on the retail-value payment system in Colombia, as provided for in Decree 1692 of December 2020. The fourth section of this report refers to the important innovations and tech¬nological changes that have occurred in the retail-value payment system. Four themes are highlighted in this respect. The first is a key point in building the financial infrastructure for instant payments. It involves of the design and im¬plementation of overlay schemes, a technological development that allows the various participants in the payment chain to communicate openly. The result is a high degree of interoperability among the different payment service providers. The second topic explores developments in the international debate on central bank digital currency (CBDC). The purpose is to understand how it could impact the retail-value payment system and the use of cash if it were to be issued. The third topic is related to new forms of payment initiation, such as QR codes, bio¬metrics or near field communication (NFC) technology. These seemingly small changes can have a major impact on the user’s experience with the retail-value payment system. The fourth theme is the growth in payments via mobile tele¬phone and the internet. The report ends in section five with a review of two papers on applied research done at Banco de la República in 2020. The first analyzes the extent of the CRCC’s capital, acknowledging the relevant role this infrastructure has acquired in pro¬viding clearing and settlement services for various financial markets in Colom¬bia. The capital requirements defined for central counterparties in some jurisdic¬tions are explored, and the risks to be hedged are identified from the standpoint of the service these type of institutions offer to the market and those associated with their corporate activity. The CRCC’s capital levels are analyzed in light of what has been observed in the European Union’s regulations, and the conclusion is that the CRCC has a scheme of security rings very similar to those applied internationally and the extent of its capital exceeds what is stipulated in Colombian regulations, being sufficient to hedge other risks. The second study presents an algorithm used to identify and quantify the liquidity sources that CUD’s participants use under normal conditions to meet their daily obligations in the local financial market. This algorithm can be used as a tool to monitor intraday liquidity. Leonardo Villar Gómez Governor
7
Financial Stability Report - September 2015. Banco de la República, agosto 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.sem2.eng-2015.
Abstract (sommario):
From this edition, the Financial Stability Report will have fewer pages with some changes in its structure. The purpose of this change is to present the most relevant facts of the financial system and their implications on the financial stability. This allows displaying the analysis more concisely and clearly, as it will focus on describing the evolution of the variables that have the greatest impact on the performance of the financial system, for estimating then the effect of a possible materialization of these risks on the financial health of the institutions. The changing dynamics of the risks faced by the financial system implies that the content of the Report adopts this new structure; therefore, some analyses and series that were regularly included will not necessarily be in each issue. However, the statistical annex that accompanies the publication of the Report will continue to present the series that were traditionally included, regardless of whether or not they are part of the content of the Report. In this way we expect to contribute in a more comprehensive way to the study and analysis of the stability of the Colombian financial system. Executive Summary During the first half of 2015, the main advanced economies showed a slow recovery on their growth, while emerging economies continued with their slowdown trend. Domestic demand in the United States allowed for stabilization on its average growth for the first half of the year, while other developed economies such as the United Kingdom, the euro zone, and Japan showed a more gradual recovery. On the other hand, the Chinese economy exhibited the lowest growth rate in five years, which has resulted in lower global dynamism. This has led to a fall in prices of the main export goods of some Latin American economies, especially oil, whose price has also responded to a larger global supply. The decrease in the terms of trade of the Latin American economies has had an impact on national income, domestic demand, and growth. This scenario has been reflected in increases in sovereign risk spreads, devaluations of stock indices, and depreciation of the exchange rates of most countries in the region. For Colombia, the fall in oil prices has also led to a decline in the terms of trade, resulting in pressure on the dynamics of national income. Additionally, the lower demand for exports helped to widen the current account deficit. This affected the prospects and economic growth of the country during the first half of 2015. This economic context could have an impact on the payment capacity of debtors and on the valuation of investments, affecting the soundness of the financial system. However, the results of the analysis featured in this edition of the Report show that, facing an adverse scenario, the vulnerability of the financial system in terms of solvency and liquidity is low. The analysis of the current situation of credit institutions (CI) shows that growth of the gross loan portfolio remained relatively stable, as well as the loan portfolio quality indicators, except for microcredit, which showed a decrease in these indicators. Regarding liabilities, traditional sources of funding have lost market share versus non-traditional ones (bonds, money market operations and in the interbank market), but still represent more than 70%. Moreover, the solvency indicator remained relatively stable. As for non-banking financial institutions (NBFI), the slowdown observed during the first six months of 2015 in the real annual growth of the assets total, both in the proprietary and third party position, stands out. The analysis of the main debtors of the financial system shows that indebtedness of the private corporate sector has increased in the last year, mostly driven by an increase in the debt balance with domestic and foreign financial institutions. However, the increase in this latter source of funding has been influenced by the depreciation of the Colombian peso vis-à-vis the US dollar since mid-2014. The financial indicators reflected a favorable behavior with respect to the historical average, except for the profitability indicators; although they were below the average, they have shown improvement in the last year. By economic sector, it is noted that the firms focused on farming, mining and transportation activities recorded the highest levels of risk perception by credit institutions, and the largest increases in default levels with respect to those observed in December 2014. Meanwhile, households have shown an increase in the financial burden, mainly due to growth in the consumer loan portfolio, in which the modalities of credit card, payroll deductible loan, revolving and vehicle loan are those that have reported greater increases in risk indicators. On the side of investments that could be affected by the devaluation in the portfolio of credit institutions and non-banking financial institutions (NBFI), the largest share of public debt securities, variable-yield securities and domestic private debt securities is highlighted. The value of these portfolios fell between February and August 2015, driven by the devaluation in the market of these investments throughout the year. Furthermore, the analysis of the liquidity risk indicator (LRI) shows that all intermediaries showed adequate levels and exhibit a stable behavior. Likewise, the fragility analysis of the financial system associated with the increase in the use of non-traditional funding sources does not evidence a greater exposure to liquidity risk. Stress tests assess the impact of the possible joint materialization of credit and market risks, and reveal that neither the aggregate solvency indicator, nor the liquidity risk indicator (LRI) of the system would be below the established legal limits. The entities that result more individually affected have a low share in the total assets of the credit institutions; therefore, a risk to the financial system as a whole is not observed. José Darío Uribe Governor