Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Resource-Use efficiencies"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Resource-Use efficiencies":
1
GODAMBE, R. B., S. R. TORANE, P. J. KSHIRSAGAR e J. M. TALATHI. "Resource use efficiencies of okra in Thane district of Maharashtra". ASIAN JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE 10, n. 1 (15 giugno 2015): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/tajh/10.1/153-157.
2
Engle, CR, G. Kumar e J. van Senten. "Resource-use efficiency in US aquaculture: farm-level comparisons across fish species and production systems". Aquaculture Environment Interactions 13 (29 luglio 2021): 259–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/aei00405.
Abstract (sommario):
Understanding farm-level efficiencies of resource use is critical in comparisons of the sustainability of aquaculture production systems. We developed a set of practical resource-use efficiency metrics to calculate and compare resource-use efficiency with resource-cost efficiency across major species and production systems in US aquaculture. Results showed that no one production system used all resources most efficiently. Intensive pond production of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus demonstrated the greatest efficiency in the use of water, energy, labor, management, and capital resources, while RAS production was most efficient in terms of land and feed use. Among the wide array of pond scenarios examined, more intensive scenarios generally were more efficient in terms of several metrics, but economic sustainability also depends upon business models that effectively meet differing demand requirements of customers. Thus, less intensive production systems were economically sustainable in areas with relatively abundant land and water resources available at lower cost. Labor efficiencies varied widely across scenarios analyzed. Given increasing concerns related to the availability of labor for aquaculture farming in the USA, greater attention to the efficiency of labor on farms is warranted. The metrics used were aligned with common farm management tools (e.g. enterprise budgets) that allow for ease of use by farms and researchers to assess effects on comparative resource-use efficiencies of new farming practices and technologies under development.
3
Fatima, Zartash, Qaiser Abbas, Amna Khan, Sajjad Hussain, Muhammad Ali, Ghulam Abbas, Haseeb Younis et al. "Resource Use Efficiencies of C3 and C4 Cereals under Split Nitrogen Regimes". Agronomy 8, n. 5 (9 maggio 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8050069.
4
Fredericksen, Todd S., Shepard M. Sedaker e John R. Seiler. "Interference Interactions in Simulated Pine-Hardwood Seedling Stands". Forest Science 39, n. 2 (1 maggio 1993): 383–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/39.2.383.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract A multiresource factor approach, using biomass allocation patterns and resource-use efficiencies, was employed to investigate interference mechanisms in mixed species tree seedling stands. Seedling mixtures of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) with one of two hardwood tree species, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) or red maple (Acer rubrum L.), were grown together at close spacing under well-watered and water-stressed conditions in a greenhouse. Pure stands of each species were included as controls. Greatest biomass growth increment was observed in pure hardwood stands, while pure pine stands had the lowest increments. Interference in mixed stands was highly one-sided, with hardwoods suppressing pine growth. Mechanisms or attributes accounting for interference outcomes included higher relative growth rates, increased below-ground allocation of photosynthate, effective display of foliage, and higher resource-use efficiencies of hardwood species. Interference strategies differed for hardwood species. Black locust could be classified as an uptake specialist with a high relative growth rate and a low root:shoot ratio. Red maple was a resource-use specialist, exhibiting high internal resource-use efficiencies for light, soil moisture, and nitrogen. FOR. SCI. 39(2):383-395.
5
Okoh, T. C., P. I. Opata e I. I. Umaru. "Determinants of resource use efficiencies among lowland rice farmers of Enugu State, Nigeria". Agro-Science 21, n. 1 (30 dicembre 2021): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/as.v21i1.10.
Abstract (sommario):
The gap in supply and demand of rice could be due to observable differentials in the allocative efficiency of the rice farmers in Nigeria. Therefore, the study focused on the determinants of resource-use efficiencies and profitability of lowland rice farmers of Enugu State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to collect cross-sectional data from 300 smallholder rice farmers across the six agricultural zones of the State. The gross margin (GM) analysis was used to estimate the profitability while the marginal value productmarginal factor cost (MVP-MFC) was used to evaluate the efficiency of rice farming. The Stochastic Frontier Cost Function was also used to estimate the determinants of resource use efficiency among lowland rice farmers in Enugu state. The results from the GM showed that rice production is profitable with an average rate of returns on investment (ROI) of 2.80. The MVP-MFC analysis showed that all the input factors hypothesized were over-utilised indicating the existence of large-scale resource-use inefficiency among lowland rice farmers of the state. Education and age were the only socio-economic variables that affected the allocative efficiency of the rice farmers. The study recommends a farm-level policy directed towards the encouragement of younger adults since they are more likely to adopt innovation and boost efficiency and investment in extension education for advisory services to facilitate resource-use efficiencies.
6
Lopez, Kolem, Srivastava, Gaiser e Ewert. "A Model-Based Estimation of Resource Use Efficiencies in Maize Production in Nigeria". Sustainability 11, n. 18 (18 settembre 2019): 5114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11185114.
Abstract (sommario):
Food security is an increasingly serious problem worldwide, and especially in sub-Saharan Africa. As land and resources are limited and environmental problems caused by agriculture are worsening, more efficient ways to use the resources available must be found. The objective of this study was to display the spatial variability in crop yield and resource use efficiencies across Nigeria and to give recommendations for improvement. Based on simulations from the crop model LINTUL5 we analyzed the influence of fertilizer application on the parameters Water Use Efficiency (WUE), Fertilizer Use Efficiency (FUE), and Radiation Use Efficiency (RUE) in maize. High spatial variability was observed, especially between the north and the south of the country. The highest potential for yield improvement was found in the south. While WUE and RUE increased with higher rates of fertilizer application, FUE decreased with higher rates. In order to improve these resource use efficiencies, we suggest optimizing management strategies, demand-oriented fertilizer application, and breeding for efficient traits.
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Franke, A. C., e I. E. Sekoboane. "Exploring Variability in Resource Use Efficiencies Among Smallholder Potato Growers in South Africa". Potato Research 64, n. 2 (4 settembre 2020): 213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11540-020-09473-x.
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Jarvis, A. J., S. J. Jarvis e C. N. Hewitt. "Resource acquisition, distribution and end-use efficiencies and the growth of industrial society". Earth System Dynamics 6, n. 2 (13 ottobre 2015): 689–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-689-2015.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract. A key feature of the growth of industrial society is the acquisition of increasing quantities of resources from the environment and their distribution for end-use. With respect to energy, the growth of industrial society appears to have been near-exponential for the last 160 years. We provide evidence that indicates that the global distribution of resources that underpins this growth may be facilitated by the continual development and expansion of near-optimal directed networks (roads, railways, flight paths, pipelines, cables etc.). However, despite this continual striving for optimisation, the distribution efficiencies of these networks must decline over time as they expand due to path lengths becoming longer and more tortuous. Therefore, to maintain long-term exponential growth the physical limits placed on the distribution networks appear to be counteracted by innovations deployed elsewhere in the system, namely at the points of acquisition and end-use of resources. We postulate that the maintenance of the growth of industrial society, as measured by global energy use, at the observed rate of ~ 2.4 % yr−1 stems from an implicit desire to optimise patterns of energy use over human working lifetimes.
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Jarvis, A., S. Jarvis e N. Hewitt. "Resource acquisition, distribution and end-use efficiencies and the growth of industrial society". Earth System Dynamics Discussions 6, n. 1 (29 gennaio 2015): 133–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esdd-6-133-2015.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract. A key feature of the growth of industrial society is the acquisition of increasing quantities of resources from the environment and their distribution for end use. With respect to energy, growth has been near exponential for the last 160 years. We attempt to show that the global distribution of resources that underpins this growth may be facilitated by the continual development and expansion of near optimal directed networks. If so, the distribution efficiencies of these networks must decline as they expand due to path lengths becoming longer and more tortuous. To maintain long-term exponential growth the physical limits placed on the distribution networks appear to be counteracted by innovations deployed elsewhere in the system: namely at the points of acquisition and end use. We postulate that the maintenance of growth at the specific rate of ~2.4% yr−1 stems from an implicit desire to optimise patterns of energy use over human working lifetimes.
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Ryan, Dermot, John Blakey, Alison Chisholm, David Price, Mike Thomas, Björn Ställberg, Karin Lisspers e Janwillem W. H. Kocks. "Use of electronic medical records and biomarkers to manage risk and resource efficiencies". European Clinical Respiratory Journal 4, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2017): 1293386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20018525.2017.1293386.
Tesi sul tema "Resource-Use efficiencies":
1
Smets, Pia. "Genetic variation for resource use efficiencies in lodgepole pine". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ61176.pdf.
2
Cartelle, Saball Julia. "Grain yield determinants in a traditional and a modern wheat cultivar under a wide range of conditions in a Mediterranean region: source-sink relationships, components, resource capture and use efficiencies". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/386572.
Abstract (sommario):
El principal objectiu de la tesi va ser avaluar els determinants fisiològics del rendiment
d'un cultivar de blat tradicional i un modern en resposta a diferents disponibilitats d'aigua i
nitrogen en condicions mediterrànies. Es pot concloure que el cultivar tradicional no va superar
clarament en rendiment al modern sota condicions més estressants, ni el cultivar modern va
superar al seu contrapart tradicional quan les condicions van ser més favorables. En relació als
dos components numèrics del rendiment, el nombre de grans per unitat de superfície va ser el
principal component explicant la seva variació i el pes del gra va ser limitat per destí durant
l'ompliment de gra. L'ús del nitrogen i l'aigua i les seves eficiències van estar relacionades amb
les variacions del rendiment per a tots dos cultivars. L'absorció de nitrogen va ocórrer
principalment durant pre-antesi, mentre que la concentració de nitrogen en gra va estar generada
majorment per translocació. El cultivar modern va presentar un sistema radicular més gran que el
tradicional. No obstant això, aquesta superioritat no es va traduir en diferències consistents en
rendiment o eficiència en l'ús de recursos.El principal objetivo de la tesis fue evaluar los determinantes fisiológicos del rendimiento de un cultivar de trigo tradicional y uno moderno en respuesta a diferentes disponibilidades de agua y nitrógeno en condiciones mediterráneas. Se puede concluir que el cultivar tradicional no superó claramente en rendimiento al moderno bajo condiciones más estresantes, ni el cultivar moderno superó a su contraparte tradicional cuando las condiciones fueron más favorables. En relación a los dos componentes numéricos del rendimiento, el número de granos por unidad de superficie fue el principal componente explicando su variación y el peso del grano fue limitado por sumidero durante el llenado de grano. El uso del nitrógeno y el agua y sus eficiencias estuvieron relacionadas con las variaciones del rendimiento para ambos cultivares. La absorción de nitrógeno ocurrió principalmente durante pre-antesis, mientras que la concentración de nitrógeno en grano estuvo generada mayormente por translocación. El cultivar moderno presentó un sistema radicular mayor que el tradicional. Sin embargo, esta superioridad no se tradujo en diferencias consistentes en rendimiento o eficiencia en el uso de recursos.
The main objective of the thesis was to assess the physiological grain yield determinants of a traditional and a modern wheat cultivar in response to different water and nitrogen availabilities under Mediterranean conditions. It can be concluded that the traditional cultivar did not consistently outyield the modern one under more stressful conditions, nor did the modern cultivar outyield its older counterpart whenever the conditions were less stressful. Concerning the two major numerical components of grain yield, grain number per unit land area was the main component explaining its variation and grain weight was sink-limited during grain filling. N and water use and their efficiencies were related to variations in grain yield for both cultivars. N uptake occurred mainly along pre-anthesis, while grain N concentration was generated chiefly by translocation. The modern cultivar presented a larger root system than the traditional one. Nevertheless this superiority did not translate in consistent differences in grain yield or resource use efficiencies.
3
Thomas, Anaïs. "Interactions entre espèces en plantations mélangées forestières et agroforestières". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0079.
Abstract (sommario):
Les plantations d'espèces à croissance rapide (par exemple les peupliers, les saules, les eucalyptus) sont largement utilisées pour l'approvisionnement en biomasse. Cependant, ces plantations sont souvent des systèmes monospécifiques et sont généralement très consommatrices en ressources. C'est notamment le cas des plantations des espèces appartenant au genre Populus, pouvant être cultivées en conditions de culture intensive, qui utilisent des quantités importantes d'eau et d'azote pour produire de grands volumes de biomasse. Dans ce contexte, les plantations mélangées, forestières ou agroforestières, apparaissent comme une alternative intéressante aux monocultures. En effet, elles peuvent produire plus en utilisant plus efficacement les ressources indispensables à la croissance des différentes composantes du mélange en jouant sur la complémentarité entre les espèces. L'introduction d'espèces fixatrices d'azote dans ces mélanges peut également être un atout supplémentaire pour réduire les besoins en intrants azotés de synthèse.Dans toute plantation, forestière ou agroforestière, les interactions intraspécifiques (individus d'une même espèce) ou interspécifiques (entre individus de deux espèces différentes) peuvent être négatives, positives, ou neutres. À ce jour, les interactions entre espèces qui déterminent si un mélange donné sera plus productif que les monocultures correspondantes sont encore mal comprises et les études de leur impact sur l'efficacité d'utilisation des ressources sont rares. L'objectif général des travaux de thèse a consisté à évaluer l'impact de plusieurs mélanges d'espèces, forestiers et agroforestiers, sur les performances de croissance des arbres à travers les effets sur les déterminants fonctionnels (efficiences d'utilisation des ressources), structuraux (architecture des houppiers) et phénologiques (phénologie printanière et automnale des bourgeons et des feuilles). L'hypothèse principale était que grâce à la fixation symbiotique de l'azote et à une complémentarité entre espèces, les arbres dans les mélanges seraient plus productifs et utiliseraient plus efficacement les ressources qu'en monoculture.Cet objectif a été poursuivi sur une plantation instrumentée sur le site de La Bouzule (54), installée au printemps 2014, composée de mélanges d'espèces ligneuses (peupliers et aulnes) et herbacées (légumineuses, graminées), ainsi que les monocultures correspondantes. Le fonctionnement de trois types de mélanges comprenant des espèces fixatrices d'azote (peupliers/succession luzerne - trèfle ; peupliers/aulnes ; aulnes/succession céréales - prairie temporaire) a été comparé avec les monocultures des deux espèces ligneuses. L'originalité des travaux réside notamment dans l'alliance de l'étude de processus intervenant aux échelles de l'organe et de l'arbre pour décrire les processus d'interactions entre espèces et les performances globales des différents types de mélanges, par rapport aux monocultures correspondantes.Les interactions entre espèces dans une plantation ne sont pas statiques mais changent au fur et à mesure que le peuplement se développe. La nature des interactions entre le peuplier et les légumineuses dans la parcelle agroforestière a évolué d'une compétition prédominante, au début de la plantation, vers une facilitation grâce à un enrichissement du sol en azote. Les performances de croissance des peupliers étaient accrues, par rapport à la monoculture, associées à une efficience d'utilisation de l'eau plus élevée qu'en monoculture ainsi qu'à une réduction de compétition entre les houppiers permettant une meilleure interception de la lumière en agroforesterie. En revanche, une efficience d'utilisation de l'eau plus élevée des peupliers associés à l'aulne qu'en monoculture n'a pas été associée à de meilleures performances de croissance des deux espèces comparativement à leurs monocultures respectives. Globalement, l'aulne n'était que très peu affecté par les mélangesPlantations of fast-growing species (e.g. poplars, willows, eucalyptus) are widely used for biomass supply. However, these plantations are often monospecific systems and are generally very resource demanding. This is particularly the case for plantations of species belonging to the Populus genus, which can be grown under intensive cultivation conditions, and which use large quantities of water and nitrogen to produce large volumes of biomass. In this context, mixed forest or agroforestry plantations appear as an interesting alternative to monocultures. Indeed, they can produce more by using more efficiently the resources necessary for the growth of the different components of the mixture by playing on the complementarity between the species. The introduction of nitrogen-fixing species in these mixtures can also be an additional asset to reduce the need for synthetic nitrogen inputs.In any plantation, forest or agroforestry, intraspecific interactions (individuals of the same species) or interspecific interactions (between individuals of two different species) can be negative, positive, or neutral. To date, the interactions between species that determine whether a given mixture will be more productive than the corresponding monocultures are still poorly understood and studies of their impact on resource-use efficiency are scarce. The overall objective of the PhD work was to evaluate the impact of several species mixtures, both forest and agroforestry, on tree growth performance through effects on functional (resource-use efficiencies), structural (crown architecture) and phenological (spring and fall bud and leaf phenology) determinants. The main hypothesis was that thanks to symbiotic nitrogen fixation and complementarity between species, trees in mixtures would be more productive and use resources more efficiently than in monoculture.This objective was pursued on an instrumented plantation on the La Bouzule site (54), installed in spring 2014, composed of mixtures of woody (poplars and alders) and herbaceous (legumes, graminoids) species, as well as their respective monocultures. The functioning of three types of mixtures including nitrogen-fixing species (poplars/alfalfa - clover succession; poplars/alders; alders/cereal - temporary grassland succession) was compared with monocultures of the two woody species. The originality of the work lies on the combination of the study of processes occurring at the organ and tree scales to describe the interaction processes between species and the overall performance of the different types of mixtures, compared to their respective monocultures.Species interactions in a plantation are not static but change as the stand develops. The nature of the interactions between poplars and legumes in the agroforestry plot evolved from a predominant competition at the beginning of the plantation to facilitation through soil nitrogen enrichment. The growth performances of the poplars were increased compared to the monoculture, associated with a higher water-use efficiency than in monoculture and a reduction of competition between the canopies allowing a better interception of light in agroforestry. In contrast, higher water-use efficiency of poplars associated with alder than in monoculture was not associated with better growth performances of both species compared to their respective monocultures. Overall, alder was only slightly affected by the mixtures
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Charbonnier, Fabien. "Mesure et modélisation des bilans de lumière, d'eau, de carbone et de productivité primaire nette dans un système agroforestier à base de caféier au Costa Rica". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0218/document.
Abstract (sommario):
Comparés aux monocultures, les systèmes agroforestiers (SAF) sont censés permettre une meilleure efficience d'utilisation de la ressource et améliorer les services écosystémiques. Cependant, la complexité des interactions se produisant dans les SAF rend délicate la quantification et la décomposition des effets des arbres d'ombrage sur la productivité primaire nette (NPP) de la culture principale. Peu de modèles sont capables d'analyser les effets des interactions entre culture principale et arbres d'ombrage sur les échanges de CO2 et d'eau. En effet, les interactions pour la lumière, l'eau et la chaleur se produisant entre culture et arbres d'ombrage peuvent produire des effets contre-intuitifs sur la photosynthèse, l'efficience d'utilisation de la lumière (LUE), l'efficience de transpiration et le microclimat. Nous montrons que MAESPA, un modèle 3D mécaniste, peut-être utilisé pour étudier la variabilité de ces processus à des échelles allant de la plante à la parcelle, et de la demi-heure à l'année entière. MAESPA a simulé de manière satisfaisante l'interception de la lumière dans un SAF à base de caféier composé de 2 couches hétérogènes. Des variables modélisées par MAESPA ont été utilisées pour produire de puissantes variables explicatives dans un dispositif expérimental étudiant les déterminants de la NPP aérienne (ANPP) du caféier. Il a été démontré que LUE était deux fois plus élevée pour les caféiers poussant à l'ombre ce qui compensait totalement la diminution de leurs budgets lumineux, résultant en une absence de différence de ANPP entre caféiers de plein soleil et caféiers d'ombrage. MAESPA a aussi simulé de manière satisfaisante les échanges de CO2 à l'échelle du caféier et à l'échelle de la parcelle, lorsque comparés à des mesures d'échanges gazeux dans des chambres plantes entières ou à des enregistrements de flux turbulents au-dessus de la canopée, respectivement. Nous avons utilisé MAESPA pour simuler la variabilité spatiale de la photosynthèse et de LUE. MAESPA a démontré être un modèle robuste pour quantifier les interactions spatiales dans un SAF. Le prochain développement pertinent de cette approche serait de coupler MAESPA avec un modèle d'allocation du carbone dans les organes des plants de caféiersCompared to monocultures, agroforestry systems (AFS) are expected to provide enhanced resource-use efficiency and larger ecosystem services. However, due to the complexity of the interactions occurring in AFS, it is challenging to quantify and decompose the effects of shade trees on the main crop net primary productivity (NPP). Few process-based models are able to analyze the interactions between crop and shade trees for carbon and water. Interactions for light, water and energy occurring between tree and crops might have counterintuitive effects on photosynthesis, light use efficiency (LUE), transpiration efficiency and microclimate. We showed that a 3D process-based model, MAESPA, was able to quantitatively describe the spatial variability of those processes from the plant to the plot, and from hourly to yearly timescales. MAESPA simulated satisfactorily light interception in a 2-layer heterogeneous coffee AFS. It was used to produce powerful explanatory variables in AFS experiments and to analyze the determinants of coffee plant NPP. LUE displayed a 2-fold increase for shaded coffee plants totally compensating the expected decrease of local irradiance interception, and coffee plant ANPP was the same below shade trees or in the open. MAESPA also simulated satisfactorily carbon exchange at whole plant and plot scales, when compared to gas exchange records in a whole-plant chamber, or with eddy-covariance records above the canopy. We used MAESPA to simulate the spatial variability of photosynthesis and LUE. Overall, MAESPA proved to be a relevant model to quantify spatial interactions. The next very relevant development would be to couple it to a model of carbon allocation among organs in the coffee plants
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Smets, Pia. "Genetic variation for resource use efficiencies in lodgepole pine". Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/13194.
Abstract (sommario):
This study investigates genetic variation for resource-use efficiencies in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ssp. contorta and ssp. latifolia). Because of the species' frequent occurrence on marginal sites, these resource-use efficiencies are expected to play an important role in its adaptation and evolution. A deeper understanding of the patterns of adaptation is needed to enable a more fine-tuned management of the existing genetic variation in the breeding program. Since natural selection acts on phenotypes, both genotype and environment are considered jointly. Since the effects of genotypes, traits and environmental factors may not be separable, all of these elements are observed jointly in a controlled experiment. Under the null hypothesis, traits evolve independently to single environmental variables. Under the alternative hypothesis, there is an integrated physiological system that differs among genotypes, that reacts as a whole to multiple environmental variables and evolves as a whole in adaptation to those source variables. Water-use efficiency and nitrogen-use efficiency were measured on one-year old seedlings of lodgepole pine in the controlled environment of the greenhouse. These traits were observed over a range of environments, created by controlled levels of available water and nitrogen. A preliminary experiment was set up in 1996 with provenances of lodgepole pine, mainly to proofrun the nursery techniques, to confirm the existence of genetic variation for resource-use efficiencies, to determine sources of variation in the experiment, and to investigate separability of the effects in general. A second experiment was set up in 1997, using selected families incorporating a more continuous range of variation for source variables than is possible with a provenance structure. It had the added advantage that 10-year field site data are available for comparison. Genetic variation exists for mean trait expression as well as for plasticity for both water-use efficiency and nitrogen-use efficiency. Genetic variability within populations tends to be high despite pronounced differentiation of populations. Populations are somewhat adapted to their local environments, but not very precisely: the breeder is not limited to specific seed sources in order to ensure adaptation to marginal sites. Genetic correlations do not indicate conflicts between selection for growth and adaptation. Genotype-environment rank order change exists for several traits and no simple, consistent patterns for it emerge. Patterns of trait integration vary across environments. Especially nitrogen deficiency can drastically change trait relationships. Thus, multiple environmental factors and multiple traits act jointly to create a large number of environmental niches, resulting in more opportunities for the maintenance of genetic variation. The result of this complex process is that patterns of adaptation for single traits, if present, are not narrowly defined.
Libri sul tema "Resource-Use efficiencies":
1
Steven, Hill, e Favuzza Federica. Part III Headquarters Agreements, 35 Legal Issues Related to International Military Headquarters. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198808404.003.0035.
Abstract (sommario):
This chapter provides a general overview of the types of international military headquarters (IMHQs) and their legal nature. IMHQs encompass a wide range of structures that are in use in the contemporary practice of States and international organifzations. States tend to find them attractive options for a variety of reasons, including the promotion of cooperation and coordination and the expression of shared political and/or military commitments. They can also be an important tool to help States address resource constraints, including by taking advantage of efficiencies gained through specialization and economies of scale. IMHQs all share the common characteristic of being in one way or the other ‘international’. Their nature varies widely, including with respect to their mission and their composition and structure. Because of this diversity, the chapter only discusses selected legal issues that tend to arise in connection with IMHQ and will likely arise in the future.
2
Nguyen, Trung, a cura di. Immunohistochemistry. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781009106924.
Abstract (sommario):
This book will enable practitioners to understand the many complex intricacies of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and make best use of this powerful analytical tool. Providing a thorough grounding in the fundamentals of immunohistochemistry, the book includes several chapters on robotics and automation technology, giving key information on the design of machines and tips to maximise workflow efficiencies. The relationship between IHC and molecular pathology is explained clearly, demonstrating the increasing impact on personalized medicine and targeted therapies for cancer patients. The staining protocol is deconstructed, allowing the reader to adapt it for a variety of diagnostic and research applications. Written by experts at the forefront of hospital immunohistochemistry, there is a strong emphasis on practical guidance on a range of techniques as well as troubleshooting of common problems driven by the authors' experiences. Extensively illustrated with high-quality colour images, this is an invaluable resource to all pathology practitioners utilising the technique.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Resource-Use efficiencies":
1
Zingore, Shamie, Samuel Njoroge, Stephen Ichami, Kokou Adambounou Amouzou, James Mutegi, Regis Chikowo, Sudarshan Dutta e Kaushik Majumdar. "The Effects of Soil Organic Matter and Organic Resource Management on Maize Productivity and Fertilizer Use Efficiencies in Africa". In Soil Organic Matter and Feeding the Future, 127–54. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003102762-5.
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Renwick, Leah L. R., Timothy M. Bowles, William Deen e Amélie C. M. Gaudin. "Potential of Increased Temporal Crop Diversity to Improve Resource Use Efficiencies". In Agroecosystem Diversity, 55–73. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-811050-8.00004-2.
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Wilfred Ng’ambi, Jones, e Thobela Louis Tyasi. "A Review of Studies on Improvement of Sheep Resilience to Climate Change Stresses". In Agricultural Sciences. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.113831.
Abstract (sommario):
Sheep are economically, nutritionally and culturally very important in the world, particularly in developing countries. However, there are many climate change stresses constraining sheep production. Climate change directly and adversely impacts on sheep production in terms of reduced quantity and quality of water and feeds, and increased animal health and husbandry challenges. Sheep with high water and feed use efficiencies can survive on less water and feed during drought periods. These efficiencies can be improved at the animal level (breeding animals with high water and feed use efficiencies, etc.), feed level (breeding drought resistant feed crops, etc.) and or at the water or feed resource management levels (increasing sheep product produced per unit of water or feed through cutting of water or feed wastage). This chapter reviews studies on the efficiency with which sheep products are produced from feed and water resources. It is concluded that selection of sheep that have high water and feed use efficiencies per unit of sheep product can be a mitigating option against limited water and feeds due to climate change.
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Cegielski, Casey G., e Dianne Hall. "An Exploration of the Perceived Value of Information Technology Certification between Information Technology and Human Resources Professionals". In Encyclopedia of Human Resources Information Systems, 386–91. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-883-3.ch057.
Abstract (sommario):
During the decade of the 1990s, many firms engaged in widespread internal dissemination of information technology (IT) in an effort to leverage the capabilities of IT into greater organizational efficiencies. Information technologies such as electronic mail, office automation applications, and enterprise resource planning systems, are a few of the most popular examples of organizational IT initiatives from the past decade. Today, the use of information technology is an integral part of the ordinary course of business and provides technologically progressive firms with heretofore-unseen opportunities. For example, Dell Computers developed and maintains a competitive advantage in the retail technology sector based partly upon the use if information technology that did not exist 10 years ago. Although business applications of information technology present firms with vast opportunity, there is a myriad of complexities associated with organizational IT usage. Generally, this paper examines one critical area: the human resource aspect of organizational IT usage. Specifically, the research presented herein answers the question “Do human resource and information technology professionals perceive information technology certification differently?” The question is of practical relevance when examined, as in this study, within the context of the candidate selection process for a firm evaluating potential hires for an information technology-related position. Initially, the current paper presents a comprehensive overview of the theoretical foundations of certification. From theory, we construct a testing methodology that utilizes, as subjects, practicing human resource and information technology professionals. An analysis of the collected data revealed a marked difference in the perception of information technology certification among the subject groups. Based on the results of structured interviews with the study participants, we present concluding explanations regarding the statistically significant differences among groups.
5
"Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation". In Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation, a cura di Johanna Valente, David Bradsby, Kevin B. Mayes, Cindy Loeffler, Lynne Hamlin, Dakus Geeslin, Kimberly Horndeski et al. American Fisheries Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874578.ch11.
Abstract (sommario):
<em>Abstract</em>.—Alteration of environmental flows is a growing concern within the conservation community as human demand for water increases. Alteration of the natural flow regime of rivers and streams in Texas has degraded aquatic and riparian habitats and contributed to declines in native fishes and other aquatic taxa. To inform identification and implementation of voluntary environmental flow protection and restoration strategies, conservation partners initiated development of the Environmental Flow Information Toolkit. The Environmental Flow Information Toolkit is being developed as a Web-based geospatial platform that will provide data and information on water use, hydrologic alteration, and environmental flow targets to meet conservation objectives and offer other data layers supported by end-user recommendations and feedback. The Environmental Flow Information Toolkit is expected to increase efficiencies and effectiveness of environmental flow conservation efforts, providing a valuable decision support tool for resource managers, water providers, and conservation organizations facing the challenges of meeting human water demand while conserving Texas’ rich natural heritage.
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Oluwasegun Olamide, Fawibe, Bankole Abidemi Olalekan, Sokunbi Uthman Tobi, Mustafa Abdulwakiil Adeyemi, Joseph Oladipupo Julius e Fawibe Kehinde Oluwaseyi. "Fundamentals of Irrigation Methods and Their Impact on Crop Production". In Irrigation and Drainage - Recent Advances [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105501.
Abstract (sommario):
Water is the most precious resource on earth which is the sustenance of life. However, the competition for available water resources has intensified due to climate change and increase in global population. With a significant decrease in freshwater availability for crop production, agriculturists are open to innovation that could help save water and maximize crop production per unit drop of water. To ensure food security of a growing population, crop cultivation practices have continued to incorporate water-saving irrigation techniques to cope with water deficits, and increase crop production in an eco-friendly environment. This chapter discussed the different irrigation types based on driven-force and their specific advantages; fertigation; designing irrigation systems and scheduling of irrigation; water conservation through mulching; and water management for sustainable Integrated Pest Management (IPM). The introduction of water-saving techniques and their successful application has significantly reduced water loss through unproductive outflows and increase water and nutrients use efficiencies thereby promoting crop production. However, to achieve more success in the future, deliberate policy by government on irrigation and immense contributions from scientists would be required.
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Caladine, Richard. "The Learning Activities Model". In Enhancing E-Learning with Media-Rich Content and Interactions, 75–100. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-732-4.ch006.
Abstract (sommario):
The effects of open, distance, and flexible learning, and the changed role of technology in learning have been felt in almost all educational sectors and institutions. Technology in many subjects now plays a central role and learning management systems (LMSs) are part of the standard software of higher education institutions. However the influence of learning technology has not been limited to education. The literature on human resource management (HRM) recognizes that there are benefits to be gained through the application of some of the techniques and technologies of flexible learning to training and development (Smith, 1992; Wilson, 1999). For example, LMSs are also providing efficiencies to organizations in the development of their human resources. As mentioned earlier in this book, the term flexible learning is used here to refer collectively to the approaches of open, distance, online, and e-learning and to the literature that is concerned with them. More recently terms such as blended learning and e-learning have appeared to refer to learning experiences that incorporate an electronic element. Typically flexible learning or e-learning would involve the use of the learning technologies discussed here.
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Dawes, Sharon S., e Sharon Oskam. "The Internet, the State Library, and the Implementation of Statewide Information Policy". In Managing Telecommunications and Networking Technologies in the 21st Century, 219–33. IGI Global, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-878289-96-4.ch012.
Abstract (sommario):
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are used by government, researchers and businesses in a wide range of domains including economic development, environmental management, education, health, human services, infrastructure management, and disaster response. Most experts agree that the most expensive part of a GIS program is the creation of spatial data. Some estimate that as much as 80% of the cost of any application is attributable to the expenses of acquiring and geocoding information (Thapa & Bosler, 1992). Often the information needs of different GIS applications overlap and data created by one organization can be used by others. Data sharing can therefore help reduce costs of GIS application development and yield considerable benefits and efficiencies. To achieve this purpose, the State of New York has implemented a GIS Coordination Program which features an Internet-based GIS Clearinghouse operated by the New York State Library (Dawes & Eglene, 1998). In this program, the Library acts as a critical implementer and value-added facilitator of an important new state information policy that has influence over spatial data development, exchange, and use at all levels of government and in the private and not-for-profit sectors. The Clearinghouse provides the conceptual framework and operational platform for a fully functioning data cooperative which is the heart of the New York State GIS Data Sharing Policy. The library-based clearinghouse has become the essential portal to many newly identified information resources. It organizes the data descriptions, provides a publicly available and easy-to-use means of access, promotes sharing, points the way to education and other services, and generally makes possible the vision of a living data resource.
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Earl, Michael J., e David F. Feeny. "Information Systems in Global Business: Evidence from European Multinationals". In Information Management, 77–100. Oxford University PressOxford, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198257608.003.0006.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract In the literature of international business a recurring theme is the need for co-ordination of operations and their management in global organizations. Such co-ordination is indeed central to the whole concept of globalization. Co-ordination of activity in order to achieve supra-national efficiencies is argued by many writers to distinguish the global business from the ‘multinational’ (Bartlett and Ghoshal 1989) or ‘multidomestic’ (Porter 1986). And co-ordination in the strategic planning domain is at the heart of the ‘strategic intent’ which defines global businesses for Hamel and Prahalad (1989). These authors have expanded on the nature and complexity of global co-ordination required in the successful organizations of the future. Such organizations, it is claimed, exhibit the simultaneous achievement of global scale, responsiveness to markets and governments, world-wide transfer of learning, and innovation (Prahalad and Doz 1987; Bartlett and Ghoshal 1989). In place of organizational uniformity, each geographical unit will have a distinctive role within the overall business (Hamel and Prahalad 1985; Bartlett and Ghoshal 1989). In the ‘transnational’ corporation of Bartlett and Ghoshal the organization is neither centralized nor decentralized; it represents an integrated network in which there are intensive and complex interactions between physically remote but interdependent units. As Porter (1986) recognizes, the ability to co-ordinate globally is seen to be dramatically increased through advances in information technology (IT). The wide-scale use of IT is also implicit in Bartlett and Ghoshal’s (1987) vision of the transnational as an organization in which there is ‘collaborative information sharing and problem solving, co-operative support and resource sharing, collective action and implementation’.
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McDonald, Maureen, J. Scott McDonald, Gerald A. Merwin, Keith A. Merwin e Mathew Richardson. "Assessment of Web 2.0 Applications Employed by Human Resource Departments in U.S. Cities". In Public Service, Governance and Web 2.0 Technologies, 122–38. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0071-3.ch008.
Abstract (sommario):
Most local governments employ an intranet within the organization, to assist in human resources. A telephone survey of local government officials (n=17) found these intranet sites employ few Web 2.0 applications. The survey found most cities have plans to increase their use of Web 2.0 applications for human resources management. However, the recent economic recession has adversely impacted these plans. The chapter forwards recommendations to improve local governments’ use of Web 2.0 applications while maintaining cost efficiencies.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Resource-Use efficiencies":
1
Roberts, Sophie, Damon Howe e Jean-Roch Nader. "Performance Feasibility of a Multi-Source Offshore Renewable Energy Platform for Aquaculture". In ASME 2023 42nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2023-105346.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract The global aquaculture industry is facing new challenges as it strives to satisfy the continually growing demand for seafood products. The expanding industry brings with it challenges such as the diminishing availability of suitable coastal zones due to increased competition for marine-use areas, and a responsibility to limit negative impacts to the environment. As a potential solution to the negate environmental impact and continue industry expansion, operations are expected to transition further offshore. Moving aquaculture operations offshore presents several challenges, foremost of which is the provision of energy. This paper explores the feasibility of using a novel multi-source renewable energy platform to overcome the reliance on diesel in the offshore aquaculture industry. Through the development of a numerical model, this solution proposes a scalable renewable energy platform located off the coast of Tasmania utilising solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbines and wave energy conversion. The feasibility is assessed through a numerical model based on factors such as resource availability, energy demand and conversion system efficiencies to determine how different design and resource variable influence the ability of the platform to meet the energy requirements.
2
Hawking, Paul, Andrew Stein e Susan Foster. "e-HR and Employee Self Service: A Case Study of a Victorian Public Sector Organisation". In InSITE 2004: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2757.
Abstract (sommario):
The application of the internet to the Human Resource function (e-HR) combines two elements: one is the use of electronic media whilst the other is the active participation of employees in the process. These two elements drive the technology that helps organisations lower administration costs, improve employee communication and satisfaction, provide real time access to information while at the same time reducing processing time. This technology holds out the promise of challenging the past role of HR as one of payroll processing and manual administrative processes to one where cost efficiencies can be gained, enabling more time and energy to be devoted to strategic business issues. The relative quick gains with low associated risk have prompted many Australian companies to realise what can be achieved through the implementation of a business to employee (B2E) model. Employee Self Service (ESS), a solution based on the B2E model enables employees to access the corporate human resource information system 24x7. This paper adopts a case study approach with a view to investigating the benefits and associated issues obtained from an implementation of an ESS in an Australian public sector organisation.Keywords: Employee Self Service, e-Human Resources, B2E, HRMIS, ERP Systems, Australian Case Study
3
Ruth, Mark F., Victor Diakov, Melissa J. Laffen e Thomas A. Timbario. "Projected Cost, Energy Use, and Emissions of Hydrogen Technologies for Fuel Cell Vehicles". In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33185.
Abstract (sommario):
Each combination of technologies necessary to produce, deliver, and distribute hydrogen for transportation use has a corresponding levelized cost, energy requirement, and greenhouse gas emission profile depending upon the technologies’ efficiencies and costs. Understanding the technical status, potential, and tradeoffs is necessary to properly allocate research and development (R&D) funding. In this paper, levelized delivered hydrogen costs, pathway energy use, and well-to-wheels (WTW) energy use and emissions are reported for multiple hydrogen production, delivery, and distribution pathways. Technologies analyzed include both central and distributed reforming of natural gas and electrolysis of water, and central hydrogen production from biomass and coal. Delivery options analyzed include trucks carrying liquid hydrogen and pipelines carrying gaseous hydrogen. Projected costs, energy use, and emissions for current technologies (technology that has been developed to at least the bench-scale, extrapolated to commercial-scale) are reported. Results compare favorably with those for gasoline, diesel, and E85 used in current internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, gasoline hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and flexible fuel vehicles. Sensitivities of pathway cost, pathway energy use, WTW energy use, and WTW emissions to important primary parameters were examined as an aid in understanding the benefits of various options. Sensitivity studies on production process energy efficiency, total production process capital investment, feed stock cost, production facility operating capacity, electricity grid mix, hydrogen vehicle market penetration, distance from the hydrogen production facility to city gate, and other parameters are reported. The Hydrogen Macro-System Model (MSM) was used for this analysis. The MSM estimates the cost, energy use, and emissions trade offs of various hydrogen production, delivery, and distribution pathways under consideration. The MSM links the H2A Production Model, the Hydrogen Delivery Scenario Analysis Model (HDSAM), and the Greenhouse Gas, Regulated Emission, and Energy for Transportation (GREET) Model. The MSM utilizes the capabilities of each component model and ensures the use of consistent parameters between the models to enable analysis of full hydrogen production, delivery, and distribution pathways. To better understand spatial aspects of hydrogen pathways, the MSM is linked to the Hydrogen Demand and Resource Analysis Tool (HyDRA). The MSM is available to the public and enables users to analyze the pathways and complete sensitivity analyses.
4
Kanoglu, Mehmet, e Yunus A. Çengel. "Getting the Most Out of Geothermal Energy: Economics of Power Generation, Heating, and Cooling". In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0987.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Geothermal energy is mostly used for electric power generation, and there is the perception that power generation is the best use of high temperature geothermal energy since electricity is a more valuable commodity than heat, and the price of electrical energy is about 4 times the price of heat energy. However, the conversion efficiencies of geothermal power plants are typically about 10%, and thus the generation of 1 unit of electricity requires the consumption of about 10 units of geothermal energy. Also, the temperature of the geothermal fluid leaving the heat exchanger of a binary power plant can be as high as 100°C, which is very suitable for low-temperature uses such as space heating and preheating of process water, but is unsuitable for economical power generation, and is discarded. So it is no surprise that the electricity generated by a geothermal power plant is only about one-fifteenth of the heat that can be harvested and sold to prospective users for space, water, and process heating. As a result, the revenues from a geothermal site can be increased by 4 times by selling geothermal heat directly instead of producing and selling electricity. Therefore, for a specified geothermal resource, an initial investment of up to 4 times (even more, depending on the relative prices of electricity and natural gas) can be justified if the geothermal heat plant (including the circulation loop) is to be built at that site instead of a geothermal power plant. Typical coefficient of performance of heat driven absorption cooling systems is about 0.7, and the revenues from a geothermal resource can be increased by 2.5 times by using high-temperature geothermal energy for cooling. Of course a good compromise is to use the portion of geothermal energy above 115°C for power generation, the portion between 115°C and 90°C for cooling, and the remaining part for heating.
5
Dahiya, Abhishek, Jishnu Bhattacharya e Nitin D. Banker. "Thermodynamic Analysis and Performance Enhancement of Air and CO2 Based Compressed Gas Storage Systems". In ASME 2019 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2019-2489.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Due to the depletion of fossil fuels and their adverse effects on the environment, there is a need of hour to shift towards the renewable energy resources. However, the most promising renewable resources such as wind power and solar power are intermittent in nature. Thus, a sustainable shift requires economical and efficient energy storage systems. Use of batteries is the widely accepted storage systems for such resources and significant research work has been carried out in last few decades to improve the cycle life of batteries but they are still unsuitable for large scale systems and disposal of discarded batteries is also a major environmental concern. In view of this, researchers found compressed gas energy storage (CGES) system as one of the potential alternatives to store renewable energy at large spatial and temporal scales. The current study provides a comparison between air and carbon dioxide (CO2) based CGES systems from a thermodynamic standpoint. In an effort of improving efficiency of system, it is proposed to supply additional heat via renewable resource to CO2 based system before the expansion of gas in the turbine. The performance comparison of six different systems has been carried out using first and second law efficiencies.
6
Gil Samaniego Ramos, Margarita, Héctor Enrique Campbell Ramírez e Juan Carlos Tapia Olivas. "Water Supply Sustainability Indicators for the Southern California-Baja California Area". In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64540.
Abstract (sommario):
Southern California and Baja California share, besides a dynamic social and economic exchange and 226 kilometers of borderline, an important natural resource: water from the Colorado River. Both areas have arid and semiarid climate in large zones and local fresh water sources are scarce, so water imports from the Colorado are strategic for their continued social and economic growth. Southern California’s water supply comes from the State Water Project, the Colorado River Aqueduct and local sources; in turn, Baja California depends mostly on the water supplied by the Colorado River, with an aqueduct that serves the Pacific coastline cities of the state. Both water supply systems are considered high energy consumers, affecting the quality of life in the region. The sustainable development of both communities is a challenge to Mexican and American public policy planners who must recognize that, to meet the future water demands to support sustainable development in this area it will require improved utilization and management of water resources. In this paper, water supply sustainable indicators were calculated for southern California and Baja California to evaluate and compare their performance towards sustainability. Findings show big differences in the indicators like water use per person, percentage of the cost of water relative to household income, cost of electricity to convey water, etc. High contrast in both economies makes up for these differences, but as water stakeholders of an only source, that is, the Colorado River, Mexico and the United States should avoid those imbalances in water use and management efficiencies, as it might affect its availability and cost, bringing potential conflicts and disturbing the traditional friendly coexistence and growth of both communities.
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Luttrell, Jeff, e Dereje Agonafer. "Solar Assisted Household Clothes Dryer". In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90095.
Abstract (sommario):
Energy savings for domestic appliances have been an emphasis for several years. The efficiencies of several appliances have improved dramatically as a result of this attention. Refrigerator, water heater, and washing machine energy consumptions have been reduced. One appliance has not experienced significant improvement, the clothes dryer. Typical household clothes dryers use large amounts of electricity or natural gas to heat air that is circulated with the clothes. The energy to heat the air is a function of the amount of air and heat needed to remove moisture from the clothes. Using solar heat to augment or replace the other energy sources can provide significant energy savings. Conventional house construction includes features which collect and concentrate solar energy in the air occupying the attic space. Typical home design provides a roof which functions as a large area solar energy collector. Many roofing materials have solar absorption of 80% or more. Insulation of the roof decking is uncommon so that absorbed solar heat conducts through and heats the attic air. Through simple, low-cost ducting and minor modification of a clothes dryer air inlet, this energy resource becomes available for use. This study evaluates the potential energy savings of using solar-heated attic air as a clothes dryer air source. Considering house construction as well as seasonal and regional climate variations, attic air can augment and may fully replace utility energy as the heat source for drying air during daylight hours when solar energy is incident on the roof. The energy savings can be up to 3.5 kilowatt hours (or the heating equivalent for natural gas) for each dryer load.
8
Watanabe, Yoshiyasu, Keisuke Watanabe, Hideyuki Suzuki, Teruo Ooshima e Yoshiaki Tsukamoto. "Research and Development of a Self-Walking Vertical Mining System Using DTH Drilling Unit and the Scale Model Test". In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95394.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Traditional subsea mining systems use a heavy subsea crawler, which has a big drill and scrapes the mineral deposit horizontally and have limitations of seafloor inclination, roughness and softness. Those traditional systems also have issues from operational and economical points of view. Furthermore, traditional on-board drilling machines and seabed drilling machines are used for core sampling by drilling to analyze mineral contents of seafloor deposits at the stage of mineral resource estimation before the production but operational and economical efficiencies are required to those traditional systems as well. The objective of this research is to develop an innovative Self-Walking Vertical Mining System (SW-VMS) that overcomes these issues. The system is a fully submerged eight-legged jack up platform and is able to walk autonomously on a rough, soft and inclined seafloor. The SW-VMS can be used both as the mining system to mine seafloor deposits and as the sample drilling system to analyze mineral contents in-situ and on-land efficiently before the mining with a DTH drilling unit. This paper introduces the detail of the SW-VMS as the mining system at first and then introduces the concept of the SW-VMS as the sample drilling system and finally the results of the scale model test of the SW-VMS on-land are shown. The scale model test has been carried out to confirm the walking ability of the SW-VMS from the structural and autonomous control points of view. The scale of the test model is approximately 1/40 of the preliminary design of the SW-VMS which has been already completed. The test consists of test cases of walking on a flat foundation, on a flat foundation including partially soft foundations and on inclined foundations of up to 45 degrees.
9
Chen, Hui, Mukil Kesavan, Karsten Schwan, Ada Gavrilovska, Pramod Kumar e Yogendra Joshi. "Spatially-Aware Optimization of Energy Consumption in Consolidated Data Center Systems". In ASME 2011 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2011-52080.
Abstract (sommario):
Energy efficiency in data center operation depends on many factors, including power distribution, thermal load and consequent cooling costs, and IT management in terms of how and where IT load is placed and moved under changing request loads. Current methods provided by vendors consolidate IT loads onto the smallest number of machines needed to meet application requirements. This paper’s goal is to gain further improvements in energy efficiency by also making such methods ‘spatially aware’, so that load is placed onto machines in ways that respect the efficiency of both cooling and power usage, across and within racks. To help implement spatially aware load placement, we propose a model-based reinforcement learning method to learn and then predict the thermal distribution of different placements for incoming workloads. The method is trained with actual data captured in a fully instrumented data center facility. Experimental results showing notable differences in total power consumption for representative application loads indicate the utility of a two-level spatially-aware workload management (SpAWM) technique in which (i) load is distributed across racks in ways that recognize differences in cooling efficiencies and (ii) within racks, load is distributed so as to take into account cooling effectiveness due to local air flow. The technique is being implemented using online methods that continuously monitor current power and resource usage within and across racks, sense BladeCenter-level inlet temperatures, understand and manage IT load according to an environment’s thermal map. Specifically, at data center level, monitoring informs SpAWM about power usage and thermal distribution across racks. At rack-level, SpAWM workload distribution is based on power caps provided by maximum inlet temperatures determined by CRAC speeds and supply air temperature. SpAWM can be realized as a set of management methods running in VMWare’s ESXServer virtualization infrastructure. Its use has the potential of attaining up to 32% improvements on the CRAC supply temperature requirement compared to non-spatially aware techniques, which can lower the inlet temperature 2∼3°C, that is to say we can increase the CRAC supply temperature 2∼3°C to save nearly 13% −18% cooling energy.
10
Nemeth, Alex, Lily Li, Andrew Nielsen e Geoff Vignal. "Quantifying Risk to Optimize Facility Integrity Management". In 2020 13th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2020-9459.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Effective asset integrity management is supported through the understanding of the condition of the asset, and the quantification of the safety and uncertainty of its properties. Risk based and risk informed decision making can help operators prioritize inspections and repairs on mainline pipe, as well as within operator facilities. Setting operator system specific targets for reliability and risk can help operators better understand the condition of their system, and provide one means of determining whether integrity action or other risk treatment is required on a specific asset, either on the mainline pipe system or on a facility asset system. While mainline pipe condition is better understood through the use of inline inspection technology and non-destructive examination in the field, facility piping and storage condition is more difficult to understand due to the complexity and number of segments of assets within an operator’s facility, as well as the unpiggable nature of the majority of facility piping. To help resolve this issue, a risk quantification can be done for each segmented asset within a facility. A relative ranking of asset risks can help prioritize facility integrity activities and drive the planning and execution optimization. However, simply looking at a relative ranking of asset risks may not be enough to maximize risk reduction and achieve safety and reliability targets. This paper looks to expand on the implementation of Risk Based Inspection (RBI) standard in API 581 and explore more broadly how facility asset risk results can be used in integrity planning and decision making. The paper also examines the application of using finance principals to better quantify risk and carry out a meaningful cost benefit analysis to optimize integrity programs. Interpreting a quantified risk dollar amount is an industry challenge, and shedding light onto the value of applying reliability and risk models beyond the safety of an operator’s system can be extremely beneficial for operators to enhance cost efficiency. The quantification of risk helps support the optimization of spend and resource allocation to bring efficiencies into integrity management systems while maintaining focus on the right risk mitigation across an operator’s system.