Tesi sul tema "Résonateur à cristal photonique"
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Makles, Kevin. "Nano-membranes à cristal photonique pour l'optomécanique". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066457/document.
Testo completoThe field of optomechanic consists in studying the coupling induce by the radiation pressure between a mechanical resonator and a light field, it has expended over the last fifteen years. In this memoir we present the developpement of a resonator optimised to observe quantum effect of the optomechanical coupling. On the one hand, it has to combine a high reflectivity and a low mass to enhance its coupling with the light field. On the other hand it should exhibit high mechanical quality factor in order to minimize its interaction with the environment. This resonator is a suspended membrane, whose thickness is about hundreds of nanometers, and whose reflectivity is achieved thanks to a photonic crystal. After a study of the photonic crystal physic in normal incidence, we present the experimental results including those in the end mirror of a Fabry-Pérot cavity configuration, which are in good agreement with the optical simulations. In a second point, we list the dissipation mechanisms in micro-resonator. Then we show how the stress introduction in such resonators can improve the quality factor. We finish the mechanical characterisation by studying mechanical non-linearities which appears in the case of large amplitude of motion. Then we present the experimental set-up developed to observe the thermal noise of the resonators. We also obtain some preliminary results about the cooling of the thermal noise using active cooling and photothermal effect. Last we present the development of a capacitive coupling between the membrane and a electrical circuit. This device is the first step toward the realisation of an optomechanical transducer between optical and micro-wave photons
Jara-Schulz, Gladys. "Control of linear and nonlinear resonances in coupled nano-electromechanical membranes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP165.
Testo completoMicro and nanoelectromechanical systems are widely explored for applications in integrated photonics and for probing fundamental physical phenomena. A significant body of research focuses on coupled resonators' linear and nonlinear dynamics and their collective behaviors. This thesis presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of coupled nano-opto-electromechanical membranes in both linear and nonlinear regimes and is divided into three main parts. The first part details the design, optimization, and fabrication of coupled membrane resonators, which are put into motion thanks to interdigitated electrodes placed at a few hundred nanometers underneath the membrane. The mechanical displacement of these membranes is read by optical means. In order to enhance the reflectivity and thus the optical reading, photonic crystal mirrors are designed on each membrane. Based on numerical simulation, mechanical eigenmodes, electromechanical excitation efficiency, and mechanical coupling between membranes are discussed and assessed. The second part focuses on the linear and nonlinear dynamics of two coupled resonators. We present a model for characterizing the system's response in the linear regime, showing how external forces impact the amplitude and phase dynamical responses. Experiments demonstrate interferometric control over mechanical responses through double excitation, leading to CPA-like (Coherent Perfect Absorption) phenomena. Within this framework, amplification and annihilation of amplitude response is demonstrated. Moreover, thanks to the phase dynamics, we demonstrate a topological charge in the parameter space studied as well as a new strategy for phase amplification of small signals. Stronger electrical forces induce nonlinearities highlighted by bistabilities and modeled by coupled Duffing resonators. The implementation of an electrical feedback loop by sending the recorded signal from one membrane to the other allows the control of bistabilities. Beyond this, it also allows access to multistability regions, opening new avenues towards richer physics and more complex dynamical processes. The third part expands these investigations to the more complex case of three coupled membranes. Here, we first explore the system in its linear regime and develop techniques to experimentally control mechanical eigenmodes. In order to do so, electrical actuators, as well as optical readings, can be adjusted to tune mechanical resonances. Thus, in the linear regime, Fano resonances due to interferences between resonant modes are revealed and controlled by in-situ means. By pushing towards stronger actuation, a nonlinear regime is reached where phase-locking regions are identified. This demonstrates the interplay between Fano resonances and synchronization in a large parameter space. Finally, we provide perspectives for further research on collective behavior and more complex phenomena in larger nonlinear coupled resonator arrays. This requires exploring different coupling schemes and challenges related to detection techniques. Down the line, this may contribute to promising applications in low-power optical modulation, sensing technologies, and advanced nonlinear electro-optomechanical systems
Férachou, Denis. "Application des fibres creuses à cristal photonique pour la réalisation de résonateurs micro-ondes et de guides d’onde térahertz". Limoges, 2012. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/6c8250cd-a5a5-4db6-bc7c-1c9ffc8bbfbf/blobholder:0/2012LIMO4042.pdf.
Testo completoThe domain terahertz (THz) is a little studied frequency range. The difficulty to generate and detect in this domain has long prevented its development compared to the optical domain (> 100 THz) and microwaves (<100 GHz). The study proposed in this thesis concerns the terahertz waveguides based on structural adaptation of hollow core optical fibers composed of a photonic crystal. The low losses it is possible to achieve with this kind of optical fibers have been demonstrated. The interest of this adaptation is to find the same advantages of such structures in THz. An introductive chapter provides more detail on the THz domain and the constraints of this area. A state of the art of THz waveguides and the THz time domain spectroscopy setup developed for the study of waveguides are presented. The second chapter is devoted to models developed to explain the optical confinement in fibers based on photonic crystals and the adaptation of these crystals to microwave and THz domains. The last chapter deals with the optimization and realization of microwave resonators and waveguides THz based on adapted photonic bandgap crystals
Hedir, Melissa. "Design, study, and fabrication of photonic crystal coupled-cavity arrays for investigating non-Hermitian zero-modes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP056.
Testo completoCoupled photonic crystal (PhC) cavities are outstanding platforms for many classical and quantum information or computing protocols. They are also highly versatile testbeds for exploring advanced collective optical phenomena, such as the so-called non-Hermitian photonic zero modes. Zero modes are intriguing bound states that have captured attention through the elusive case of Majorana zero modes. In optics, “photonic zero-modes” exhibit zero-energy eigenvalues in a cavity or waveguide array. Being topologically or symmetry-protected modes, they are expected to be robust against coupling disorder, opening up a wide range of applications, from laser mode engineering to optical computing. This thesis work presents the experimental observation of photonic zero modes in small coupled cavity arrays featuring a gain/loss distribution -also called non-Hermitian arrays composed of an odd number of photonic crystal (PhC) cavities, from three to five. Importantly,we have found that controlling the evanescent coupling between the cavities significantly alters the frequency detuning which hampers the realization of zero modes.To address this issue, we developed a new design that we called “image barrier ” engineering technique, which enables precise control of coupling strength within 1D arrays of coupled cavities without the concomitant frequency detuning caused byterminations in the chain, thus, significantly expanding the observability range of zero modes. This method also facilitates the construction of cavity chains with nonuniform coupling, thus allowing us to assess the inherent immunity of zero modesto coupling perturbations. Remarkably, the ability to invert coupling signs enabled by our coupling control method leads to achieving an inversion of the zero mode's symmetry, broadening the potential for experimental and theoretical investigationsof these modes, either symmetry or topologically protected. This gives a handle to realize in-phase zero-mode oscillation, a crucial requirement to improve the far-field of topological lasers
Quelene, Jean-Baptiste. "Conception d’une interconnexion optique sur silicium constituée d’anneaux résonants multiplexée en longueur d’onde". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT002/document.
Testo completoThe 21st century is characterized by the explosion of demand for computing power as well as data storage and transfer. In this context, the development of high-performance computers is crucial but it is limited by the bandwidth and the energy efficiency of chip-to-chip and intra-chip electrical interconnects. Silicon photonics is a promising solution that uses microelectronics manufacturing techniques to fabricate optical components dedicated to efficient and high-bit-rate optical communication links.This work aims at designing a silicon photonic intra-chip high-bandwidth interconnect based on the example of latest-generation DRAM specifications. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is used with low-footprint components called optical ring resonators for modulation and filtering.Lasers sources are a non-negligible contributor to overall system power consumption. For this reason, this thesis focuses on the optimization of ring resonators in terms of optical power. We first carry out a system analysis and propose an architecture that consists of parallel WDM links. Then a system model that evaluates optical power penalties related to the transmitter and the receiver is built up using static and dynamic simulations. Individual contributions of modulators, filters as well as the impact of adjacent channels at the transmitter and receiver sides are taken into account. Optical ring modulators are fabricated in PIC25G technology and characterized through static and dynamic measurements in order to validate our model. Finally, wavelength division multiplexed prototypes are designed and demonstrations corresponding to different WDM configurations are carried out which allows for suggestions of future improvements from the comparison with our predictive model
Peyrade, David. "Etude et réalisation de nanostructures photoniques en géométrie planaire : cristaux photoniques et résonateurs Fabry-Pérot". Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20056.
Testo completoSamsel, Marcel. "Metrologie photonique et photonique de puissance : applications biomedicales et industrielles". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13122.
Testo completoFasquel, Sophie. "Propriétés optiques de structures guidantes en cristal photonique". Lille 1, 2005. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/e2f8fa6b-4758-4782-808c-b7155b110a74.
Testo completoBraive, Rémy. "Contrôle de l'émission spontanée dans les cavités à cristal photonique". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00355107.
Testo completoBourgeois, Martin. "Commutation optique dans un cristal photonique à base de silicium". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ62578.pdf.
Testo completoHan, Zheng. "Vers le laser Raman à cristal photonique en filière silicium". Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112162.
Testo completoThis work of this thesis has been primarily devoted in the studies and the realization of a Raman laser based on silicon photonic crytal structures. We have shown that access ridge waveguides combined with the inverted tapers allow in optimise efficiently the experimental coupling of the light from an optical fibes into the photonic crystal. We have fabricated the photonic crystal cavities in membrane approach which have allowed to reach quality factor above 2 million with a modal volume of the order of cube wavelenght. The quality factor of photonic crystal cavities has been found dependent on the position of the photonic crystal waveguide used for the coupling. In parallel, the numerical modelings on a new design of the photonic crystal cavities in SOI approach have demonstrated an ultra-high quality factor above 8 000 000. We have observed a reshaping of the Raman spectrum and a more than tenfold enhancement of the Raman scattering efficiency in a W1 photonic crystal waveguide as compared to a single mode ridge waveguide. In particular, we have analysed this enhancement through the Purcell effect. We have shown that a deterministic value and measurement of the Purcell factor in a semiconductor microcavity can be obtained by using spontaneous Raman scattering as an internal source. A new design of a microcavity supporting a double resonance has allowed us to observe stimulated Raman scattering at room temperature under continuous excitation. The model, which accounts for stimulated scattering, two-photon absorption and free-carrier absorption, allows us to predict the onset of Raman lasing in silicon photonic crystals
Jamier, Raphaël. "Propriétés linéaires des fibres optiques à cristal photonique à cœur solide". Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/cc01e272-24b8-44b9-b5a1-478b8ebad714/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4044.pdf.
Testo completoThe insertion of photonic crystal in optical fibres made it possible to increase the thresholds of physical phenomena limiting the delivery and the generation of high power. The core size and the effective area (Aeff) of the fundamental mode are drastically increased while preserving a singlemode emission. The photonic crystal fibres studied here are defined by a one-dimensional periodic cladding allowing the light to be guided by the so-called photonic bandgap effect. Their potential is revealed through the study of their linear properties. Results about the design, fabrication and characterisation of fibres exhibiting large Aeff relative to the wavelength are reported. The drastic reduction of confinement loss and bending sensitivity is shown. The possibility of integrating such a fibre as a passive element in an “all fibre” laser source is also shown through an example of dispersion management
Calero, Vila Venancio. "Antenne à cristal photonique électro-optique pour la détection de fréquences électromagnétiques". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD018.
Testo completoThis thesis work focuses on the fabrication of non-perturbing E-field sensors based on the electro-optical effect. Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) combined with Photonic Crystals (PhC) can increase considerably the material sensitivity to electric fields leading to ultra-compact devices. The target structure must exhibit a high sensitivity, extended bandwidth, ultra-fine spatial resolution and the most important: the electric field should not perturb the electric field to be measured, which is ensured since the sensor is not based on metallic parts. Most of the E-field sensors based on ferroelectric materials are based on Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulators or any other kind of waveguide-based topologies which presents high losses produced at the injection of the light within the tiny waveguides and can reach relatively low electric field sensitivities. These issues may not happen in fibered-based devices where the photonic structure can be located at the facet and a nano-structure may act as a sub-wavelength diffraction grating that couples the light into the PhC itself. By choosing the adequate geometrical parameters, very efficient out-of-plane to in-plane coupling can be performed.In this thesis we focus on the simulation, fabrication and characterization of the fiber-tip electric-field sensor. Here we perform numerical simulations in order to study the feasibility of the structure where the different fabrication errors are studied. The fabrication is divided in two parts: a first one where we overcome with the problem of micromachining photonic crystals within Thin Film Lithium Niobate (TFLN) and a second part, where the integration of the photonic device within the fiber facet is explained. Regarding the part concerning the PhC fabrication, we have developed a reproducible process to release the lithium niobate membrane where the PhC is made by Focused Ion Beam (FIB) techniques. The optical characterization of these structures, which receive the name of Photonic Crystal Slabs (PCS), shows excellent agreement with the theory never achieved before in this material. On the other side, different methods here shown for the integration onto fiber, leading to an ultra-compact and versatile sensor. After the assembly, the sensor is characterized verifying its different features such as spatial resolution, linearity, sensitivity and bandwidth. The resulting device results in the first Fano E-field sensor ever reported, but in addition it also presents the highest spatial sensitivity ever obtained in these kind of devices
Adelin, Brice. "Diodes laser tout cristal photonique émettant à 2,3 µm sur substrat GaSb". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30089/document.
Testo completoRecent advances in nanotechnology allow considering new generations of laser diodes. The purpose of this thesis is to study the contribution of two-dimensional photonic crystals to design and fabricate a monolithic array of laser diodes emitting near 2.3 µm in GaSb system. Each laser in the array has to respond to stringent criteria : a stable and precisely predefined single-mode emission wavelength, high output power, tunable wavelength with no mode hopping over the tunability range. Moreover, such device should operate at room temperature, under electrical pumping and continuous regime. These criteria respond to the specifications of the technique of Multiplexed Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (MTDLAS). The MTDLAS technique is here implemented for gas sensing applications in the Mid-wavelength infrared (MidIR), corresponding to the wavelength range from 2 to 5 microns. This wavelength range contains two transparency windows (around 2.3 µm and from 3.4 to 4 µm), where the absorption by water vapor and carbon dioxide is reduced. The existence of these windows is harnessed for the detection of gaseous molecules in the atmosphere, such as carbon monoxide or methane. For my thesis work, the chosen wavelength of laser emission is 2.3 µm. This wavelength corresponds to a transparency window allowing detection of CH4, CO and HF. This dissertation presents the design of all photonic crystal laser diode, and the development of a manufacturing process of such device, which led to the production of a set of components. We show that the engineering of the photonic lattice combined with an optimization of the width of the laser waveguide provide stable, single-mode emission operation. Based on this principle, several geometries for photonic crystal lattice were studied. Then we tackle the technological challenge of deep etching with high aspect ratio in AlGaAsSb alloys. For this, we present parametric studies of etching, leading to the development of an optimized process for deep etching. We succeed to etch holes of 370 nm diameter and 3.4 µm depths, corresponding at an aspect ratio in excess of 9. We have developed a technological manufacturing process of all photonic crystal laser diodes, where this critical etching step has been successful inserted. This led to the realization of a set of components
Haret, Laurent-Daniel. "Détecteur en silicium sur cristal photonique par absorption non linéaire à deux photons". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00911884.
Testo completoAstic, Magali. "Exaltation des Non Linéarités du Troisième Ordre dans les Structures à Cristal Photonique". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00579136.
Testo completoBeugin, Vincent. "Étude de la photosensibilité dans les guides planaires et les fibres à cristal photonique". Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Beugin.pdf.
Testo completoWilhelm, Christophe. "Controle de l'émission de nanofils semiconducteurs par couplage à un cristal photonique : vers des nanolasers intégrables". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EPXX0065.
Testo completoAmans, David. "Microsources photoniques à base de nanocristaux de silicium". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2002. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1891_damans.pdf.
Testo completoThe doctoral thesis entitled "silicon nanocrystals based photonic microsources" deals with the use of silicon as emitter material in light sources. We want to know if silicon, omnipresent in the electronic industry, may offer new oppor-tunity in the field of optoelectronic. The main aim consists in making silicon nanocrystals based cavities. The silicon monocrystalline grains, named sili-con nanocrystals, have spherical shapes with diameters between 3 nm and 7. 5 nm. The nanocrystals strong photoluminescence in the visible range is ascribed to the effect of quantum confinement. The active layer composed of silicon nanocrystals is placed in a Fabry-Pérrot resonator. It is a plane cavity surrounded by two dielectric mirrors composed of silicon oxide and titanium oxide. This device correspond to laser device. Our work can be di-vided into four part. The first part is dedicated to the silicon nanocrystals thin film properties : optical index and photoluminescence properties. The second part is dedicated to the cavities properties and to the Bragg mirrors properties. This theoretical part allows to improve sources properties by well fitting cavities design. In the third part, we describe the production and the photoluminescence characterisation of half cavities and full cavities. Espe¬cially, we have deduced from the life time measurements, the spontaneous emission rate evolution induced by the cavity. Since the production and the characterisation of plane cavities were successful, we investigated 2D and 3D light confinement devices. In the fourth part, we report the preliminary study about light confinement in silicon nanocrystals based 2D photonic crystals. We have produced nanostructured films composed of silicon nanocrystals. We have theoretically investigated the photonic band structure of 2D structured films
Guenneau, Sébastien. "Homogénéisation des quasi-cristaux et analyse des modes dans des fibres optiques de type cristal photonique". Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01853818.
Testo completoHostein, Richard. "Etudes des propriétés optiques et dynamiques des boîtes quantiques InAsP/InP [001] : application à la réalisation de sources de photons uniques et lasers à cristaux photoniques émettant à 1.5 μm". Paris 6, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439577v2.
Testo completoVynck, Kevin. "Propriétés optiques de matériaux diélectriques nanostructurés : des cristaux photoniques aux métamatériaux". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00344208.
Testo completoCette thèse est consacrée à l'étude théorique et numérique de ces structures, avec pour objectif d'apporter de nouvelles solutions pour un contrôle accru de la lumière. Nous commençons par étudier le confinement de la lumière par des défauts structurels dans des cristaux photoniques à base d'opales, qui sont des empilements de sphères diélectriques, et proposons divers motifs de cavités résonantes et de guides d'ondes monomodes. Dans un second temps, nous considérons la propagation de faisceaux dans des cristaux photoniques planaires sans défaut. Nous démontrons la grande flexibilité offerte par les cristaux photoniques à gradient pour courber la trajectoire de la lumière et proposons une approche pratique pour la coupler efficacement à des guides d'ondes externes. Finalement, nous étudions les propriétés optiques des métamatériaux à base de tiges diélectriques et montrons rigoureusement que leurs résonances microscopiques induisent une permittivité et perméabilité toutes deux dispersives en fréquence qui peuvent être placées dans le domaine optique. Ces travaux ouvrent de nombreuses opportunités pour le contrôle de l'émission et de la propagation de la lumière et peuvent être exploités dans de nombreux domaines tels que les télécommunications, les Sciences de la Vie et l'énergie solaire.
Bouchard, Olivier. "Etude de diodes lasers à cavité planaire entièrement définie par cristal photonique: nouvelle approche pour le contrôle spectral". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00339329.
Testo completoBonnet, Emmanuel. "Réflexion résonnante d'un faisceau confiné par une membrane cristal photonique une dimension : démonstration dans le domaine des térahertz". Saint-Etienne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STET4016.
Testo completoThe increasing miniaturization of Microsystems in general or the emerging field of terahertz waves bring out the need of conceiving and realizing structures able to manipulate interference of beams of small diameter compared to the wavelength (a few tens of wavelengths only). Thanks to a phenomenological analysis resulting from the combination of diffractive optics, integrated optics and photonic crystal concepts, this work presents the different phenomena that are involved during the interaction between a confined beam and a 1D high index contrast, high aspect ratio periodical structures (1D photonic crystals typically). It results from this a set of simple scaling rules, which permit to achieve the structure design of devices like a focused beam narrow band reflector. The realization of a demonstrator in the terahertz range is presented
Bétourné, Aurélie. "Conception et caractérisation de nouvelles fibres optiques à cristal photonique dites hybrides et applications à l'optique non linéaire". Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10170/document.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses both on theoretical and experimental studies of a recent class of Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCF): the solid-core PCF which guide light thanks to a Photonic BandGap (PBG) effect. The main goal of this work is then to better understand their propagation mechanisms (in order to improve their transmission properties) as well as to explore their potentials for non linear purposes. The study of these fibers (dispersion diagrams interpretation, emphasis of a scaling law and also of a light level of bend losses restrictive for their practical uses) leads us to develop a new kind of PCF for which wave guidance is a combination of PBG effect and more common Total Internal Reflexion (TIR). These fibers, called hybrid PCF, are made here by adding air holes in the all-solid structures previously studied. Particularly, two hybrid structures are proposed and fabricated, exhibiting a huge reduction of confinement and bend losses. Finally, we show that their unique disoersive properties enable to obtain a phase index matching between two fundamental modes (one is guided by PBG and the other by TIR) for second or third harmonic generation, and to effectively generate a supercontinuum for which the spectral broadening can be controlled by the opto-geometrical properties of the structure
He, Qiong. "Diffraction de Bragg dans des réseaux minces à deux dimensions". Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112137.
Testo completoOptical signal processing requires compact, efficient and selective devices. The solution suggested in this thesis consists in the setting of a thin transmission grating inside a reflection grating or a Bragg mirror, which offer, at the band-edge of the device, the triple advantage of a strongly amplified diffraction efficiency, a largely improved wavelength selectivity and a Bragg diffraction regime. This principle was implemented in two designs: a two-dimensional sinusoidal crossed grating and a transmission grating recorded in a Bragg reflector deposited on another totally reflecting Bragg mirror. These designs were validated by two experimental achievements: a two-dimensional sinusoidal crossed grating recorded in a photopolymer material by optical interference, and a transmission grating recorded in a semiconductor Bragg mirror (CdMgTe/CdMnTe). An analytical model was developed which showed the huge potential of such a device. The experimental results are in good agreement with numerical calculations resulting from our model. The comparison with the equivalent transmission gratings recorded in a homogeneous medium demonstrated the huge improvement in the diffraction properties when the read beam wavelength and incidence correspond to the band edge of the reflection grating or the Bragg mirror and satisfy the transmission grating Bragg condition. These results are very promising for applications in optical signal processing
Bouchard, Olivier. "Etude de diodes laser à cavité planaire entièrement définie par cristal photonique : nouvelle approche pour le contrôle de l'émission". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/327/.
Testo completoBy a space periodic space structuring at wavelength scale, photonic crystals allow for efficient light control. Our work is on the exploitation of these crystals' properties in order to define a planar cavity for a laser diode, with controlled emission properties. The first part presents the study of the waveguide, which is defined by bi-dimensionnal photonic crystals in a semi-conductor heterostructure, obtained by hole etching. The modal characteristics are analyzed for chosen operating points. We show that a DFB (Distributed Feedback)-like single-mode emission can be obtained. The second part consists in the experimental demonstration of a working, electrically pumped photonic crystal laser diode. Its spectral and modal characteristics are analyzed, validating the theoretical study. A single-mode emission with a secondary mode suppression ratio higher than 35dB has been obtained. In the last part, we propose a novel approach for spectral control by deformation of the photonic crystal lattice, along the lateral axis of the laser cavity. It is shown that by means of this deformation, the emission wavelength can be accurately controlled with a precision close to 0. 4nm, while remaining compatible with the technological constraints involved in photonic crystal fabrication. Furthermore, we demonstrate experimentally that this kind of deformations may be used to improve the emission characteristics of the studied devices by photonic band-gap engineering
Milord, Laurent. "Dispositifs photoniques innovants pour le piégeage optique : Cavité étendue à double période et structure hybride cristal photonique-nano antenne". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI026/document.
Testo completoSince the first work on optical tweezers by Ashkin, a lot of efforts have been made to trap nanoparticles. However, optical tweezers are diffraction limited and can hardly trap particles below 200 nm. This limit can be overstepped using the optical gradient forces of an evanescent field generated and amplified by a photonic nano cavity. Nonetheless, this approach faces two major issues for applications: the trapping section is very small, making the capture of a Brownian motion animated particle very unlikely, and for the “ultimate” nano antennas with nanometric optical modes, their excitation from free space is not effective. The goal of this work is to overcome these two difficulties. To increase the trapping surface, we will first present a device using slow Bloch modes within a double period extended cavity designed in a photonic crystal made out of SOI. We will show that this approach allow for the trapping of 200, 100 and 75 nm particles on an extended surface of 5x5 µm² using a free space laser beam excitation. Secondly, we will investigate the free space excitation of nanometric structures. A photonic crystal – nano antenna mixed structure will be presented, where the photonic crystal is used as a photon pool for the nano antenna. This lead to a funnel effect where the light coming from a large free space laser beam (5µm wide) is focused into the nano antenna. The trapping of 100 nm particles will demonstrate the relevance of this approach
Arlotti, Clément. "Conception et analyse de micro-résonateurs optiques pour la génération de peignes de fréquences". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30248/document.
Testo completoWhispering-gallery -mode micro-resonators, whether in the form of disks, rings or racetracks, have become the key building blocks of many high-performance photonic components. The embodiments exploiting the III-V semiconductors are particularly attractive for they open the possibility of integrating active and passive sections together and therefore diversify the functionalities on the same photonic chip. Furthermore, the vertical integration of the resonator above its access waveguide(s) makes it possible to distribute the active and passive functions on distinct planes and makes the realization of the components easier by using better-controlled methods. A fabrication technique recently introduced in the team and based on the AlGaAs / AlOx technological platform, allowed us to realize, by means of simple steps, vertically-coupled microdisks. The performance of these components, however, is limited due to their architecture, complicated by their constitutive multilayer stack. The research carried out during this PhD thesis focused on the feasibility of emitting an optical frequency comb from these resonators. For this purpose, the components must be designed so as to present a sufficiently high quality factor while maximizing the power circulating in the cavity in order to be able to trigger the non-linear processes required for the comb generation. For a transverse single-mode component, the intracavity power is maximal when the system operates in critical coupling regime, i.e .when the losses inside the cavity are equal to external losses (or coupling losses). As a first step, we have developed a semi-analytical tool based on a modal expansion in order to carry out a broadband parametric study of the performances of vertically coupled systems. Up to now, this coupling layout has indeed been little studied, both theoretically and practically. Our generic model, based on the coupled mode theory (CMT) and the universal relations governing the spectral properties of coupled micro-resonators, reveals two theoretical conditions for obtaining an achromatic critical-coupling regime when the cavity and its access waveguide are phase-mismatched. We first applied it to the simulation of single- mode racetrack resonators made of Si3N4 / SiO2 since several studies have already demonstrated comb generation using this technological platform. Our work resulted in the design of phase-mismatched and technologically feasible structures with critical-copuling bandwidths being increased by one order of magnitude compared to the reference case of phase- matched waveguides. We subsequently initiated a numerical evaluation of frequency comb generation, based on the iterative resolution of the non-linear Schrödinger equation taking into account the variations of the spectral and dispersive properties of these racetracks. The generic model has finally been applied to AlGaAs / AlOx microdisks. For this purpose, we have introduced a criterion allowing an unambiguous implementation of CMT in the case of asymmetric couplers having a multi-layer separation zone. The results, in good agreement with experimental data, allowed us to better understand the limitations of the fabricated devices and to propose new structures AlGaAs / AlOx with improved performances. The experimental validation of the proposed designs for both the Si3N4 / SiO2 and AlGaAs / AlOx components is currently in progress
Revaux, Amélie. "Gestion de la lumière dans des couches luminescentes nanostructurées : application aux diodes blanches". Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. https://pastel.hal.science/docs/00/63/56/03/PDF/theseREVAUXfinal.pdf.
Testo completoIn order to create white light, a blue diode can be associated with phosphors, which convert a part of the blue light to a visible light presenting a lower energy. Usually, micron size phosphors are used as down-converter: the reference phosphor for this application is the doped oxide YAG:Ce. The phosphor size is larger than the wavelength, making the converter layer scatter, which helps to extract the emitted light outside of the high refractive index layer. Nevertheless, this extraction is not well controlled and leads to energy losses. We aim at diminishing these losses associated with scattering by using converter layers based on nanoparticles instead of micron size phosphors. In order to control the extraction of the light that is guided in the non diffusive converter layer, the dielectric microstructure of the matrix which contains the phosphors nanoparticles must be optimized. First, we demonstrate on model layers, consisting in a sol-gel matrix doped with molecular emitters, the ability to extract the light guided in a luminescent layer with an appropriated periodic patterning of its surface. A 10 factor has been obtained at small angles, which corresponds to a 5 factor when integrating over all angles. Then, we develop YAG:Ce nanoparticles with optimized optical properties. A protected annealing process is employed, which allows improving the photostability and the quantum yield of the nanoparticles, while still preserving their small size and their good dispersion state. Finally, particles are incorporated in transparent layers in order to create converter layers, which then have been deposited on white LEDs
Revaux, Amélie. "Gestion de la lumière dans des couches luminescentes nanostructurées : application aux diodes blanches". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00635603.
Testo completoLi, Xiang. "Composants à cristal photonique 2D et 2. 5D contenant des boîtes quantiques GeSi sur silicium pour la nanophotonique proche infrarouge". Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112041.
Testo completoThe work of this thesis was primarily devoted to theoretical and experimental studies in the near infrared of photonic crystal nanostructures. These nanostructures are constituted by a two-dimensional periodic lattice of air holes in a silicon matrix in which an internal source is integrated. We have shown experimentally that it was possible to probe at room temperature the spectral position and the profile of emission of the defect modes of cavity in the near infrared range thanks to the internal luminescence of GeSi/Si self-assembled quantum dots. The analysis of the various loss mechanisms is used to identify the dominant sources of loss existing in the cavities with 2D photonic crystal on silicon and thus to allow carrying out a modal engineering for a better optical confinement. In particular, we have shown by micro-photoluminescence that it was possible to obtain some defect modes with a high quality factor in 2D photonic crystal cavities with embedded GeSi/Si quantum dots on silicon. In parallel, we have demonstrated another possibility of controlling the quality factor for optical modes, which are located at the center of the Brillouin zone, by an approach combining 2D photonic crystal and 1D Bragg mirror. The control of the photon life time is obtained by the adjustment of thicknesses of the superior layers and the choice of the elementary lattice of the 2D photonic crystal. In addition to the results obtained on a square lattice, several ways of optimization were proposed. The experimental results have been quantitatively interpreted thanks to numeric simulations of different types, principally the FDTD method and the plane waves method
Henneghien, Anne-Line. "Étude et optimisation de l’émission et de l’extraction de lumière des nanofils semiconducteurs grand gap : application à des dispositifs électroluminescents". Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENY072.
Testo completoThe current blue or white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are constituted by planar layers of GaN. The use of the nanowires as active layer is a hard and new concept which brings numerous potential advantages and revolutionizes the rules of LED design. This thesis deals with the light emission and extraction of nanowire structures made of wide band gap semi-conductors such as GaN or ZnO. The issue is to understand and to optimize the processes of extraction with the aim of a LED use. We were more particularly interested in three nanowire organizations attractive for the extraction. The first concept concerns nanowires which are enough separated to be considered as isolated. The emission properties of these structures are mainly controlled by the competition between localized resonance (whispering gallery modes) and guided modes which channel and propagate the spontaneous emission towards the nanowires ends. Our second contribution concerns the study of ensembles of small dense nanowires. Goniometry experiments on GaN nanowires made by MBE put in evidence the interest of a nanowires modelling by an effective anisotropic medium. The simulations of the extraction of these devices on silicon substrate are very promising for the creation of efficient and low cost LEDs. Perspectives on nanowires use in periodic organized array so as to realize a photonic crystal are the third part of the thesis. A numerical model allowed suggesting rules of arrays design
Dahdah, Jean. "Etude théorique et expérimentale de cavités photoniques en niobate de lithium - Application à la détection de gaz". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665911.
Testo completoLarqué, Matthieu. "Vers la génération de sources de paires de photons intriquées à partir de boites quantiques en cavité à cristal photonique". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431849.
Testo completoDelhote, Nicolas. "Composants céramiques 3D par procédé de stéréolithographie : solutions de filtrage hyperfréquence innovantes". Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/3703d4dd-1832-49a6-85c5-2a916d7271f2/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4028.pdf.
Testo completoThis work is about the design and manufacturing of 3D components made out of ceramic material by stereolithography. This process is able to manufacture complex 3D shapes out of several ceramic materials. These components bring new and innovative filtering solutions to the current ones. The first part presents the particular properties of electromagnetic bandgap materials and several 1D, 2D and 3D structures. Several manufacturing process are as well studied. The second part deals with the design and manufacturing of dielectric resonators made out of Alumina and working in the Ku band. The chosen manufacturing process is more precisely described. The third part presents the design and manufacturing of innovative electromagnetic bandgap filters working in the Ka band. In this part the use of several ceramic materials like the Zirconia and BZT ceramic is particularly studied. Finally the last part is focused on 3D electromagnetic structures called “woodpile”. These particular crystals are studied in order to propose innovative guiding and filtering devices which are made out of several ceramic materials
Henneghien, Anne-Line. "Étude et optimisation de l'émission et de l'extraction de lumière des nanofils semiconducteurs grand gap : application à des dispositifs électroluminescents". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00558359.
Testo completoLalouat, Loïc. "Interaction en champ proche entre une sonde nanométrique et le champ de composants à cristal photonique:- interaction faible, microscopie spatialement hautement résolue- interaction forte, contrôle des propriétés du composant". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347757.
Testo completoDans la première partie de ce travail, nous utilisons la sonde locale du microscope pour imager la distribution de la lumière au sein de cavités à cristal photonique réalisées dans un semiconducteur III/V. Nous nous sommes intéressés à expliquer la formation des images optiques en champ proche et à visualiser l'influence de la sonde sur ces images. Ainsi, nous avons pu observer des levées de dégénérescence de mode de cavité et des modes de cavité invisibles en champ lointain. Enfin, pour des cavités à- mode de Bloch, nous avons pu déterminer expérimentalement les courbes de dispersion du cristal photonique.
Dans la seconde partie de ce travail, nous utilisons la sonde locale du microscope pour contrôler les propriétés de nanorésonateur formés à partir de cavité à cristal photonique à faible volume modal et grand facteur de qualité. Nous avons étudié l'interaction entre la sonde et le résonateur d'un point de vue théorique et expérimental. Aussi, nous avons pu montrer la complémentarité d'une mesure en mode interaction et en mode collection. De plus, nous avons proposé des fonctionnalités opto-mécaniques en champ proche optique.
Sérier, Cédric. "Conception, réalisation et caractérisation d'antenne à bande interdite photonique : application au fort gain". Limoges, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIMO0017.
Testo completoThis report is a study on photonic crystals, in order to use their properties to ceate P. B. G. Resonator antennas : Wideband 1D P. B. G. Resonator antenna : High gain 1D P. B. G. Resonator antenna : 3D P. B. G. Resonator antenna. More precisely, the different steps to design such antennas are presented as well as a study on the excitation of the structure by slot, which can replace patch antenna excitation
Vynck, Kevin. "Propriétés optiques de matériaux diélectriques nanostructurés : des cristaux photoniques aux métamatériaux". Phd thesis, Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20096.
Testo completoIn recent years, the photonics community has shown a keen interest in the optical properties of nanostructured materials, owing to their capability to manipulate light. Photonic crystals are materials with a periodic modulation of their refractive index on the wavelength scale. They can prohibit light propagation in certain frequency ranges and exhibit large spatial dispersions that yield anomalous refraction effects. Metamaterials, on the other hand, are assemblies of microscopic metallic or dielectric elements behaving on the macroscopic scale as a homogeneous medium with optical properties not found in nature. This thesis is concerned with a theoretical and computational study of these structures and intended to provide novel solutions for an advanced control over light. First, we focus on the confinement of light to structural defects in photonic crystals based on opals, which are stacks of dielectric spheres, and propose various designs of resonant cavities and single-mode waveguides. In a second part, we investigate the propagation of light beams in defectless planar photonic crystals. We demonstrate the ability of graded photonic crystals to curve the path of light and propose a practical way to couple light efficiently to external waveguides. Finally, we study the optical properties of all-dielectric rod-type metamaterials and show that their microscopic resonances induce a permittivity and permeability both dispersive in frequency and scalable to the optical frequencies. These works open many opportunities on the control of the emission and propagation of light and may find use in many areas such as telecommunications, Life Sciences and solar energy
Do, Thi Phuong. "Oscillateurs optoélectroniques à base de résonateurs silicium pour applications à la génération de signaux hyperfréquences et aux capteurs". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN024/document.
Testo completoThis work focuses on the insertion of silicon ring resonators into the loops of optoelectronic oscillators (OEO) for the generation of low phase noise microwave signals and is a contribution to the future full integration of OEO systems on single silicon chips. The application orientation that was explored was to evaluate the performance of these systems for bulk optical index detection. Two different configurations of silicon ring resonators based OEO have been proposed and demonstrated: OEO based on millimeter-long silicon ring resonators and tunable OEO based on more compact silicon ring resonators and a specific optical carrier reinjection scheme.In the first approach, the optical signal is used as an optical carrier, which is modulated by an intensity modulator that produces a set of sidebands in the optical domain, while the ring resonator generates an optical comb that acts as an optical filter, translating its Free Spectral Range (FSR) into the microwave domain. By the beating of two adjacent optical comb lines in a photodetector, the optical spectral lines are then translated into the RF domain. The contribution of our work has been to demonstrate that the realization of millimeter resonators (about 6mm) in silicon photonics was a viable and interesting approach for the direct realization of OEO. In the investigated configurations, SOI ring resonators were optimized to satisfy the required target of a FSR of around 15GHz and an optical quality factor above 10^5. The demonstrated experimental results showed the viability and the stability of the proposed approach, while phase noise level of -100dBc/Hz at an offset of 100 kHz from carrier was obtained and sensing capability of the studied system was quantified to around 3.72 GHz/RIU for a refractive index variation in the range of 1.572 to 1.688, in good agreement with simulation results.In a complementary direction to this first step, we addressed the very important issue of the tunability of the frequency of the microwave signal generated. To this end, we proposed, designed, and then developed and tested an original OEO configuration based on the use of a single modulation band and a mechanism for reinjection of the optical carrier from the loop laser. In this scheme, the oscillation signal is created under the beating between the laser light beam and a single modulation signal sideband selected by an add-drop ring resonator working as an effective optical bandpass filter. In the implementation we have carried out, a SOI photonic resonator with a FSR of 77 GHz and an optical quality factor at 8.1×10^4 was used. By changing the laser frequency while keeping a fixed resonator resonance wavelength, a tunability from 5.8GHz to 18.2GHz was demonstrated, being only limited by the working operation of the RF amplifier used in the carried out experiments. Meanwhile, a phase noise level of -115 dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset frequency was obtained for all generated signals, showing the possibility of creating high oscillation frequencies with the same phase noise level. We then applied this approach for bulk refractive index sensing application and demonstrated a sensing sensitivity of 94350GHz/RIU and an index limit of detection of 10^-8 RIU by considering a signal resolution of 1MHz. Beyond these experimental results, the contribution of this second approach provides a simple and flexible solution to the problem of generating microwave signals with variable frequencies on demand, and opens up very rich application perspectives.All the results of the thesis contribute to the question of the integration of OEOs on silicon chips and make it possible to anticipate various applications in the field of communications and sensors
Pierre, Raphaël. "Propriétés effectives d'un cristal photonique. Extensions de la méthode des sources fictives. Application à l'étude du guidage de modes quasi-TEM uniformes". Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00360840.
Testo completoLe second volet est l'étude du guidage de modes quasi-TEM uniformes dans un guide métallique au moyen de parois structurées. Les structures sont des surfaces hard analysées grâce à la méthode modale tandis que les guides d'ondes associés le sont par une extension de la méthode des sources fictives. Cartes de champs et relations de dispersion révèlent le comportement des surfaces et guides envisagés.
Farha, Robert. "Etude d'une structure à cristal photonique "LOM" gravée dans un guide Ti liNbO3 dopé erbium pour l'émission de la lumière à 1.55 µm". Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00612669.
Testo completoFarha, Robert. "Etude d'une structure à cristal photonique "LOM" gravée dans un guide Ti liNbO3 dopé erbium pour l'émission de la lumière à 1.55 µm". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TELE0019.
Testo completoAchieving an erbium doped lithium niobate integrated optical laser needs to create a classic Fabry-Perot cavity or a distributed feedback structure (DFB). The Fabry-Perot cavity can be obtained by a multilayer dielectric mirrors at the ends of the waveguide. In the DFB Structure the waveguide is structured periodically by a surface Bragg gratings. This thesis presents a new structure of a 2D photonic crystals (PC) form called LOM (Laterally Over- Modulated) to replace Bragg gratings. The objective of this thesis is the design, manufacture and characterisation of the LOM structure, intended to achieve a LiNbO3 integrated laser emitting at 1.55μm. The proposed LOM structure aims at the same time: - To enhance the spontaneous emission by Purcell effect in Er:LiNbO3 area where LOM structure allows fold dispersion relations and create regions of low group velocity. - To replace the Fabry-Pérot structure by a LOM requiring only one-step growth, where the choice of FIB "Focused Ion Beam" technology. Optimization of the LOM structure occupies part of the work. Numerical calculations were conducted by "RSoft" software, using plan-waves and FDTD techniques, for maximum transmission around 1.55μm. Finally, we present the achievement and the characterisation of our LOM structure in a x-cut and z-propagating Ti:Er:LiNbO3 waveguide using 980nm pump. A 9 dB gain was obtained for a LOM sample (22 μmX9 μm) formed by 780 air holes of diameter D=290 nm and period a=540 nm. The next step is to improve the LOM structure to create an integrated laser
Bouché, Patrick. "Élaboration d’une grille de filtration pour hotte de cuisine inspirée des méta-matériaux ayant un maximum d’isolation acoustique". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10630.
Testo completoChowdhury, Avishek. "Mechanical nonlinear dynamics of a suspended photonic crystal membrane with integrated actuation". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS284/document.
Testo completoNonlinearities in nanomechanical systems can arise from various sources such as spring and damping mechanisms and resistive, inductive, and capacitive circuit elements. Beyond fundamental interests for testing the dynamical response of discrete nonlinear systems with many degrees of freedom, non-linearities in nanomechanical devices, open new routes for nanomechanical sensing, and signal processing.The nonlinear response of a nanomechanical resonator consisting in a suspended photonic crystal membrane acting as a deformable mirror has been investigated. The low-mass and high reflectivity of suspended membranes pierced by a two-dimensional photonic crystal, makes them good candidates as electro-optomechanical resonator. Actuation of the membrane motion in the MHz frequency range is achieved via interdigitated electrodes placed underneath the membrane. The choice of these electrodes is due to the fact they are able to uniformly actuate these membranes. The processing of such platforms relies on 3D-heterogenous integration process.The applied electrostatic force induces mechanical non-linearities, in particular bistability, superharmonic resonances and stochastic resonance.The membrane is actuated by an electric load V(t) = Vdc + Vac cos(w.t), where Vdc is the DC polarization voltage, Vac the amplitude of the applied AC voltage, and w; the excitation frequency. The system acts as a capacitive system and thus the force applied on the membrane varies as a quadratic function of the applied voltage. Application of either DC or AC voltages can have different implications. Increasing the DC voltage increases the polarizing voltage on the material which in turn causes modulation of the eigenfrequency of the membranes. While an increase in the periodic AC voltage causes the membrane to oscillate more, pushing the system towards non-linear regime.In a first series of experiments, the membrane is actuated resonantly, with an excitation frequency w; equal to the fundamental mechanical modes frequency wm. From the frequency response spectra of the system it was possible to identify different mechanical modes of these membranes via optical measurements. For increased actuation voltages, bistability effects are observed with two different behaviors (spring hardening or softening). The mechanical nonlinearities due to stretching at the clamping point dominate the resonator dynamics.The most commonly used method to act upon the membrane is the primary-resonance excitation, in which the frequency of the excitation is tuned closed to the fundamental natural frequency of the nanostructure. Superharmonic resonance can also be implemented. It consists in applying an excitation frequency w; equal to wm/n, with n being integer. Existence of these superharmonic resonances is highly dependent on the non-linearity of the system. For example existence of n-th order non-linearity results in presence wm/n superharmonic resonance. In a second series of experiments, frequency-power sweep for superharmonic resonance has been performed, by modulating the electric load at a frequency wm/n and recording the response of the membrane at the fundamental frequency wm. High-order superharmonic resonances are observed with n=2 up to 8. Under superharmonic excitation, the control of the phase across the resonance has been shown for every observed resonance.In the next set of experiments, we used the nonlinearity existing in the system to perform stochastic resonance. The idea of stochastic resonance is amplification of a weak signal (with low frequency) by means of noise injected (higher frequency) in a nonlinear system. For our system we were able to achieve stochastic resonance with both amplitude and phase noise. A comparative study between these two schemes was also done in details. The idea of observing stochastic resonance in phase is very interesting as it opens doors to realize phase encoded communications
Nĕmec, Hynek. "Time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy applied to the investigation of magnetic materials and photonic structures". Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0020.
Testo completoTwo distinct branches of optics are combined in this work: Time-domain terahertz spectroscopy, and photonic structures. The works at first provides a survey of tools utilized for exploration of the terahertz region, and it en riches them by a method for simultaneous determination of dielectric and magnetic response of materials and metamaterials. Photonic structures operating in the terahertz range form the subject of the rest of this thesis. A periodically modulated dielectric waveguide is studied theoretically using a modal method: ThE band structure of guided and leaky modes is calculated and resonant modes are described. One-dimensional photonic crystals with a defect are then investigated in detail. Formation of defect modes is analyzed theoretically in a photonic crystal with a twinning defect. The analysis makes it possible to formulate requirements on a design of a structure with defect modes tunable by external parameters. Following these guidelines, we have successfully designed, fabricated and characterized photonic crystals with thermally tunable defect modes with relative tunability reaching 60 %
Nguyen, Thi Thanh Ngan. "Fabrication and optimization of polymer-based photonic structures and applications to nonlinear optics". Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DENS0040/document.
Testo completoThis dissertation deals with the fabrication of various polymer-based photonic structures(PSs) and their applications in nonlinear optics. In the first part, we have demonstratedthe fabrication of desired PSs by interference lithography technique. The two-beam interferencemethod is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated as a best choice forfabrication of all kinds of PSs with large and uniform area. Desired 1D, 2D, and 3D,periodic and quasi-periodic PSs are successfully fabricated on SU8 photoresist. We alsodemonstrated a way to overcome the material’s absorption effect, which imposes a limitationof PSs thickness. By adding one more exposure of a uniform laser beam in oppositedirection of two interfering beams, the fabricated PSs became more uniform and theirthickness increased to 25 μm. A tentative of using low one-photon absorption techniquewas also realized showing the possibility to obtain a PS with a thickness upto 600 μm.Furthermore, by using the interference technique combined with mass transport effect,we have demonstrated the fabrication of desired surface relief grating structures, with acontrollable depth, on passive polymer (SU8) and active polymer (DR1/PMMA). In thesecond part, we applied these fabricated structures for enhancement of nonlinearity ofpolymer materials by two different ways: quasi-phase-matching (QPM) and waveguideresonance grating (WRG). Both theoretical calculation and experimental realization ofthese techniques have been investigated. The QPM structures allowed to overcome thephase mismatch of fundamental and harmonic waves, thus increasing the conversion efficiency.The second-harmonic generation (SHG), one of the most important applicationsof frequency conversion, is significantly enhanced thanks to the QPM condition. Anothermethod basing on the WRG structures allowed to increase the intensity of fundamentalwave, thus enhancing the SHG signal by a factor of 25
Michit, Nicolas. "Switch optique pour la conception de liens WDM rapides en photonique sur silicium". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI033.
Testo completoSilicon photonics stands as a promising solution to replace copper interconnections for communication requirements highly integrated inside data centers, inter and intra chip links. To achieve high data rate, one can use multiplexing on optical links combined with disaggregated resources. In such architectures, an optical switch being able to cope with high size and data rate is a core element to be designed. In this study, we focused on intrachip interconnections on a photonic interposer, based on wavelength multiplexed links around the 1310nm communication channel. Integration of laser sources, modulation of the data and reception of the signal is not addressed here. Our goal is the optical switching. At first, the choice to use ring resonators based links has been justified in terms of compactness, network flexibility and low optical losses. Those structures are though very sensitive to environment and geometry fluctuations: it is important to understand well physical effects at stake. We thus describe different ring resonance models to then create a model both analytic and enough accurate to describe peak shifts. The validation of this model is performed with optical and electrical tests. This work allowed a better understanding of the ring parameters in order to minimize its impact on a WDM link. We then propose ideas of possible improvements for those resonators. Disks and resonators using the silicon nitride layer have been simulated, fabricated and tested to compare their performances to the reference design. One of those improvements is topologic. One resonator is replaced by two coupled rings, to achieve a higher order of resonance. Since most of the switching architecture are not adapted to the use of double rings, we developed a new approach on that topic. To limit thermal crosstalk in WDM switches while keeping low footprint, resonators are grouped with respect to their wavelength. The scalability is preserved with a truth table kept to a fair level of simplicity for any number of wavelength multiplexed. The way to drive every resonator is a core topic in switching architectures, especially the detection of the resonance to perform a feedback loop. We demonstrated in this work a transparent and non-invasive way to detect light in a ring waveguide, based on the doped junction already used to drive the ring. Finally, we tackle the question of the switch scalability (without use of active amplifiers). Starting from reasonable hypothesis, we estimate the total switch bandwidth of a classical architecture taking into account data rate, number of ports and the wavelength multiplexing. Those system results confirm or invalidate some of the hypothesis taken in the architecture part
Campos, Julien. "Étude de cavités membranaires GaAs à autocollimation". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1504/.
Testo completoSelf-collimation allows to propagate a light beam without any lateral spreading and in the absence of any optical waveguide. This thesis deals with the design of self-collimation cavities on GaAs membrane to demonstrate a new generation of laser cavity emitting around 1 µm. The first part is a theoretical study of self-collimation photonic crystal with a square lattice. A plane wave model is developed to simulate the propagation of modes in this photonic crystal. The design, beaming properties, spectral and spatial selectivity of a self-collimation cavity are analyzed. The second part evaluates the fabrication of a GaAs membrane containing this self-collimation photonic crystal. This work involves the development of a specific method of masking and RIE etching. A second part focuses on minimizing the degradation of the active material induced by RIE etching. On this point, a ballistic model was developed to estimate the optimal etching time to reduce the generated defects. Some leads of electronic passivation post-process based on sulfides and nitrides are also discussed