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1
Miltenburg, Emily M., e Tom WG van der Meer. "Lingering neighbourhood effects: A framework to account for residential histories and temporal dynamics". Urban Studies 55, n. 1 (25 aprile 2016): 151–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016639012.
Abstract (sommario):
The large and growing body of neighbourhood effect studies has almost exclusively neglected individuals’ particular residential histories. Yet, former residential neighbourhoods are likely to have lingering effects beyond those of the current one and are dependent on exposure times and number of moves. This paper tests to what extent this blind spot induced a misestimation of neighbourhood effects for individuals with differential residential histories. Ultimately, we develop a methodological framework for studying the temporal dynamics of neighbourhood effects, capable of dealing with residential histories (moving behaviour, the passage of time and temporal exposure to different neighbourhoods). We apply cross-classified multi-level models (residents nested in current and former neighbourhoods) to analyse longitudinal individual-level population data from Dutch Statistics, covering fine-grained measures of residential histories. Our systematic comparison to conventional models reveals the necessity of including a temporal dimension: our models reveal an overestimation of the effect of the current neighbourhood by 16–30%, and an underestimation of the total body of neighbourhood effects by at least 13–24%. Our results show that neighbourhood effects are lingering, long-lasting and structural and also cannot be confined to a single point in time.
2
Clark, William A. V., Marinus C. Deurloo e Frans M. Dieleman. "Residential Mobility and Neighbourhood Careers". Open House International 30, n. 3 (1 settembre 2005): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2005-b0003.
Abstract (sommario):
Residential mobility is the process by which households attempt to harmonize their housing needs with their housing consumption. However, since houses are geographically inseparable from their neighbourhoods, when households move they also change their locations and their neighbourhoods. This paper examines how households make relative selections when they move between improving their housing consumption and improving the quality of their neigh-bourhoods. We found that households gain in both housing quality and neighbourhood quality, and in many cases, maintain the same housing quality, but gain in neighbourhood quality.
3
Barton, Tina. "Conditions for economic prosperity: transforming residential neighbourhoods". Papers in Canadian Economic Development 17 (16 settembre 2017): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/pced.v17i0.77.
Abstract (sommario):
In every city there are stories of neighbourhood successes and failures. Why do some neighbourhoods excel at attracting and sustaining economic activity, whereas others fail? What conditions would best assist a neighbourhood in enhancing its economic prosperity? This paper examines the connection between transit-oriented development and economic impact, with a comparison of bus versus light-rail transit implications. “Complete streets” and mixed-use models of development, evolving lifestyle preferences, and related opportunities for community economic development are explored. Communities, municipalities and neighbourhood business associations can draw upon these models, practices and strategic considerations to guide their planning for future economic success.Keywords: Suburban economic development, neighbourhood revitalization, transit-oriented development, mixed-use neighbourhoods, community placemaking
4
Li, Si-ming, Sanqin Mao e Huimin Du. "Residential mobility and neighbourhood attachment in Guangzhou, China". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 51, n. 3 (4 ottobre 2018): 761–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x18804828.
Abstract (sommario):
Wholesale redevelopment, suburbanization and increased population mobility in recent decades have brought significant social and spatial changes to urban neighbourhoods in Chinese cities, not least the subjective feelings of residents about their neighbourhoods. While there is a substantial literature on urban restructuring and migration at different geographical scales, relatively little is known about how feelings such as neighbourhood attachment are conditioned upon residential mobility and neighbourhood change in Chinese cities. To address this deficiency in the literature, multi-level models are employed to explore the extent to which residential mobility affects three different dimensions of neighbourhood attachment based on a large-scale household survey conducted in Guangzhou in 2012. The findings show that mobility experience and neighbourhood-related factors exert discernible influences on the attitudes towards the neighbourhood. Specifically, while people staying in reform/work-unit housing compounds tend to have better knowledge of their neighbours, those moving from reform/work-unit compounds to commodity housing estates exhibits greater involvements in the affairs of the new neighbourhood. The built environment, population size and frequency of population turnovers of the neighbourhood underpin residents’ attachment to it.
5
Rahman, Khan Amadur, Mohammad Farhan Fazli e Mohd Khalid Hasan. "Evolving Pedestrian Friendly Residential Neighbourhood Layout". International Journal of Scientific Research 1, n. 5 (1 giugno 2012): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/oct2012/2.
6
Wu, Guancen, Jinxing Liao, Tingyao Shi, Xing Niu e Li Tao. "Factors Affecting Neighbourhood Preferences for Income and Hukou Segregation: Evidence from Shanghai, China". China: An International Journal 21, n. 3 (agosto 2023): 158–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.56159/chn.2023.a904732.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract: This article analyses the factors that affect neighbourhood preferences for income and hukou segregation by using an ordered probit model on a sample of 482 residents in Shanghai. It finds that the overall preference for residential segregation among respondents is not very strong. However, for high-income groups with Shanghai hukou, their income level and household size increase their tendency to be reluctant to have neighbours with different income levels or hukou status. The effects of various influencing factors differ among other groups with different hukou and income levels. Neighbourhood relationship and xiaoqu quality are two important factors that affect all types of neighbourhood preferences for residential segregation. The results of this study show that developing mixed residential areas, improving inclusiveness over residential segregation, narrowing the income gap and reducing education inequality may reduce the probability of neighbourhoods accepting residential segregation.
7
Permentier, Matthieu, Maarten van Ham e Gideon Bolt. "Neighbourhood Reputation and the Intention to Leave the Neighbourhood". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 41, n. 9 (1 gennaio 2009): 2162–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a41262.
Abstract (sommario):
Moving intentions are likely to be affected not only by whether or not residents are satisfied with their neighbourhood, but also by how they think that other city residents assess their neighbourhood: the perceived reputation of the neighbourhood. The place where one lives is a reflection of one's position in society and therefore people may want to leave neighbourhoods with a poor reputation even if they are satisfied with their residential environment. Using data from a specifically designed survey in twenty-four Dutch neighbourhoods we tested the hypothesis that, in addition to neighbourhood satisfaction, perceived neighbourhood reputations are an important predictor of the intention to leave a neighbourhood. The results show that perceived neighbourhood reputation is indeed a significant predictor of moving intentions, even after controlling for neighbourhood satisfaction and neighbourhood attachment. This finding suggests that neighbourhood regeneration policy should focus not only on improving residents' neighbourhood satisfaction, but also on improving the perceived reputation of neighbourhoods.
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Lager, Debbie, e Bettina Van Hoven. "Exploring the Experienced Impact of Studentification on Ageing-in-Place". Urban Planning 4, n. 2 (18 giugno 2019): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v4i2.1947.
Abstract (sommario):
In this qualitative study we explore the experienced impact of studentification on ageing-in-place (i.e., ageing in one’s own home and neighbourhood for as long as possible). Studentification, which refers to concentrations of students in residential neighbourhoods, has been associated with deteriorating community cohesion by several authors. This can negatively affect existing neighbourhood support structures. In examining this topic, we draw on in-depth interviews with 23 independently living older adults (65+) which were conducted in a studentified urban neighbourhood in the Netherlands. Our results show how the influx of students in the neighbourhood negatively affected older adults’ feelings of residential comfort. In spite of this, none of the participants expressed the desire to move; they experienced a sense of familiarity and valued the proximity of shops, public transport and health services, which allowed them to live independently. To retain a sense of residential mastery, our participants dealt with negative impacts of studentification, at least in part, by drawing on accommodative coping strategies that weigh in broader experiences of physical and social neighbourhood change. In doing so, they rationalised and reassessed their negative experiences resulting from studentification. We discuss the implications of our findings for the development of age-friendly neighbourhoods.
9
Alshemerty, Masa Adil, e Naseer AbdulRazak Hasach Albasri. "Smart neighborhood as a sustainable neighborhood: a comparative study of Al-Ghadeer village (Najaf-Iraq)". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1129, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2023): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1129/1/012019.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract The concept of neighbourhood planning has emerged as a new trend in our community and the emphasis has been of utmost importance on districts in cities as the basic independent units of metropolitans in a way similar to that of community formation. Improving neighbourhood structure can improve the standards of living through the introduction of a smart neighbourhood model, making it more suitable for being walked and enhancing the life quality of residents that leading to the upgrading of communal and territory sketch. This work focuses on the problems where neighbourhoods lack aspects that allow the use of technology and affect workable distance and social relations, which are the main pillars of liveability. The hypothesis was to evaluate the neighbourhoods constructed by Najaf Investment Commission, whether the standards for the neighbourhood were applied according to the standards of the United Nations Organization (UN-Habitat) using gap analysis, The study found a gap between the standards adopted in the planning and design of the studied residential complexes (Al Ghadeer Residential Complex) and the criteria and indicators for planning smart neighbourhood model, particularly in the effectiveness of traffic network and the occupied residential area which was greater than the commercial model and less than the specified standards.
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Li, Ming, Guojun Zhang, Yunliang Chen e Chunshan Zhou. "Evaluation of Residential Housing Prices on the Internet: Data Pitfalls". Complexity 2019 (19 febbraio 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5370961.
Abstract (sommario):
Many studies have used housing prices on the Internet real estate information platforms as data sources, but platforms differ in the nature and quality of the data they release. However, few studies have analysed these differences or their effect on research. In this study, second-hand neighbourhood housing prices and information on five online real estate information platforms in Guangzhou, China, were comparatively analysed and the performance of neighbourhoods’ raw information from four for-profit online real estate information platforms was evaluated by applying the same housing price model. The comparison results show that the official second-hand residential housing prices at city and district level are generally lower than those issued on four for-profit real estate websites. The same second-hand neighbourhood housing prices are similar across each of the four for-profit real estate websites due to cross-referencing among real estate websites. The differences of housing prices in the central city area are significantly fewer than those in the periphery. The variation of each neighbourhood’s housing prices on each website decreases gradually from the city centre to the periphery, but the relative variation stays stable. The results of the four hedonic models have some inconsistencies with other studies’ findings, demonstrating that errors exist in raw information on neighbourhoods taken from Internet platforms. These results remind researchers to choose housing price data sources cautiously and that raw information on neighbourhoods from Internet platforms should be appropriately cleaned.
11
Zegras, Christopher, Jae Seung Lee e Eran Ben-Joseph. "By Community or Design? Age-restricted Neighbourhoods, Physical Design and Baby Boomers’ Local Travel Behaviour in Suburban Boston, US". Urban Studies 49, n. 10 (5 gennaio 2012): 2169–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098011429485.
Abstract (sommario):
This article analyses the travel behaviour, residential choices and related preferences of 55+ baby boomers in suburban Boston, USA, looking specifically at age-restricted neighbourhoods. For this highly auto-dependent group, do neighbourhood-related characteristics influence local-level recreational walk/bike and social activity trip-making? The analysis aims to discern community (for example, social network) versus physical (for example, street network) influences. Structural equation models, incorporating attitudes and residential choice, are used to control for self-selection and to account for direct and indirect effects among exogenous and endogenous variables. The analysis reveals modest neighbourhood effects. Living in age-restricted, as opposed to unrestricted, suburban neighbourhoods modestly increases the likelihood of residents being active (i.e. making at least one local recreational walk/bike trip) and the number of local social trips. Overall, the age-restricted community status has greater influence on recreational and social activity trip-making than the neighbourhood physical characteristics, although some community–neighbourhood interaction exists.
12
Othman, Sumaia Ibrahim, e Noor Aimran Samsudin. "THE EFFECT OF RESIDENTIAL LAYOUT DESIGN ON NEIGHBOURHOOD RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN JOHOR BAHRU". Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management 6, n. 26 (1 dicembre 2021): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/jthem.626020.
Abstract (sommario):
In Malaysia, typically, the grid system of terrace houses layout has been dominated by landed housing in the property market for many years. The grid system of residential layout may offer more units to be built up by the developers. This situation may lead to fewer open spaces, playgrounds, and other recreational facilities in a strategic location within the neighbourhood schemes. Adopting some residential layout patterns may influence activities, frequency, interest, time, place, and route while doing their recreational activities. A study related to residential layout mainly focuses on building orientation, building design, privacy, safety, traffic calming, and social relation; however, a limited number of studies examine the effect of neighbourhood design on dwellers’ recreational activities routine and pattern. This paper aims to assess the relationship between residential layout design and its impact on dwellers’ recreational activities in well-planned landed neighbourhood schemes. Using observation, two (2) different residential layouts in Johor Bahru were selected as the study area, namely Taman Mutiara Rini (Presint Bakti), for the grid housing schemes and Taman Nong Chik Height for the innovative honeycomb layout. Descriptive analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings in this paper proposed recreational activities in the residential layout may be influenced by several design factors. The design of neighbourhood and outdoor open spaces, for example, played an essential role in residents’ evaluation of the various recreational activities. This study concludes that residential neighbourhoods design, including buildings and the neighbouring environment, significantly impacts people's ability to participate in neighbourhood recreational activities. Based on this research’s findings, residential layouts’ design in both study areas influenced local dwellers’ recreational activities types behaviour and preferred route through outdoor space arrangement.
13
Dang, Yunxiao, Guanpeng Dong, Yu Chen, Kelvyn Jones e Wenzhong Zhang. "Residential environment and subjective well-being in Beijing: A fine-grained spatial scale analysis using a bivariate response binomial multilevel model". Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 46, n. 4 (3 agosto 2017): 648–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808317723012.
Abstract (sommario):
Existing literature has examined the determinants of subjective well-being in China from the social, economic and psychological perspectives. Very few studies explore the impacts of residential environment on subjective well-being. Drawing on a large scale questionnaire survey in Beijing, this paper investigates the role of residential environment by decomposing the variations of subjective well-being at fine-grained spatial scales, i.e. district and neighbourhood levels. A bivariate response binomial multilevel model is employed to assess the relative importance of geographical contexts and individual characteristics, in particular, the household registration (hukou) status, in influencing subjective well-being. The results show significant heterogeneities in subjective well-being among districts and neighbourhoods. Neighbourhood types are significantly correlated with subjective well-being, with residents in commercial housing neighbourhoods reporting higher levels of subjective well-being than those in work-unit and affordable housing neighbourhoods. However, the impacts of neighbourhood types are not uniformly experienced by people with different hukou status. Migrants tend to express lower levels of subjective well-being than local residents. Such disparities are more pronounced in urban villages compared with other neighbourhoods.
14
Forouhar, Navid, Amir Forouhar e Mahnoosh Hasankhani. "Land-use change and quality of life in residential neighbourhoods: Evidence from Tehran, Iran". GeoScape 15, n. 2 (1 dicembre 2021): 104–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geosc-2021-0009.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Land-use planning generally aims to manage the development of urban areas to address the needs of the communities. In this regard, the multiple and often competing environmental, economic and social conflicts complicate the process of land-use planning. Commercial development in residential neighbourhoods is a common type of land-use conflict that can dramatically exacerbate these potential conflicts. Over the recent decades, many affluent neighbourhoods of Tehran Metropolis (the capital of Iran) have been confronted with an unbridled development of commercial activities within the residential areas. This paper seeks to understand the process of land-use change and its impacts on the residents’ quality of life in an affluent neighbourhood of Tehran Metropolis (Gisha Neighbourhood) by adopting a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of impact assessment including semi-structured interview, purposeful field survey, and traffic survey. The results yield that incompatible land-use policies of the Tehran Comprehensive Plan and structural defects in the land-use change regulations led to an unbridled process of commercialisation which intensified non-local activities with city/regional service coverage along the main streets of Gisha Neighbourhood. The analysis demonstrates that despite improving the accessibility of residents to urban facilities and reducing their travel time/cost, the process of land-use changes in Gisha Neighbourhood declined the residents’ quality of life by its considerable negative effects on socio-cultural structures, landuse patterns, traffic flow, and human health in the residential areas of the neighbourhood.
15
Filion, Pierre, e Karen Hammond. "Neighbourhood Land Use and Performance: The Evolution of Neighbourhood Morphology over the 20th Century". Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 30, n. 2 (aprile 2003): 271–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b12844.
Abstract (sommario):
To what extent does the evolution of 20th-century residential area planning and development reflect the profound changes that have affected society over this period? How much was this evolution shaped by successive planning models formulated over the last century? The paper reports on an analysis of the land-use patterns of four neighbourhoods developed at different times over the 20th century. Data originate from field surveys and a systematic measurement of the land uses of the study areas. Findings paint a mixed picture. They show that some societal changes (rising affluence for example) have affected neighbourhood morphology, whereas others (such as cultural diversification) have left few traces. A comparison of different land-use features identifies both the advantages and downsides of each neighbourhood's morphology. It becomes difficult in this light to perceive the evolution of neighbourhood planning as a linear progression towards improved land-use efficiency and quality of life.
16
Huang, Liyan, Rosli Said, Hong Ching Goh e Yu Cao. "The Residential Environment and Health and Well-Being of Chinese Migrant Populations: A Systematic Review". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, n. 4 (8 febbraio 2023): 2968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042968.
Abstract (sommario):
China’s internal migrants suffer from marginalised housing conditions, poor neighbourhood environments and residential segregation, which may have significant implications on health and well-being. Echoing recent calls for interdisciplinary research on migrant health and well-being, this study examines the associations and mechanisms of the impact of the residential environment on the health and well-being of Chinese migrants. We found that most of the relevant studies supported the “healthy migration effect”, but the phenomenon was only applicable to migrants’ self-reported physical health rather than mental health. The subjective well-being of migrants is lower than that of urban migrants. There is a debate between the effectiveness of residential environmental improvements and the ineffectiveness of residential environmental improvements in terms of the impact of the neighbourhood environment on migrants’ health and well-being. Housing conditions and the neighbourhood’s physical and social environment can enhance migrants’ health and well-being by strengthening place attachment and social cohesion, building localised social capital and gaining neighbourhood social support. Residential segregation on the neighbourhood scale affects the health outcomes of migrant populations through the mechanism of relative deprivation. Our studies build a vivid and comprehensive picture of research to understand migration, urban life and health and well-being.
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Finkler, Hilit, Erez Hatna e Joseph Terkel. "The influence of neighbourhood socio-demographic factors on densities of free-roaming cat populations in an urban ecosystem in Israel". Wildlife Research 38, n. 3 (2011): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr10215.
Abstract (sommario):
Context Free-roaming cat populations are abundant in many urban ecosystems worldwide. Their management is necessary for reasons of public health, risk of wildlife predation and cat welfare related to their high densities. Trap–neuter–return (TNR) programs are now the main cat population control strategy in urban areas. However, the efficacy of such strategies is difficult to evaluate without more precise estimates of cat numbers and a better knowledge of anthropogenic influences on cat densities. Aims We aimed to estimate free-roaming cat population numbers and density in residential neighbourhoods in Tel Aviv, and to investigate population densities in relation to several socio-demographic factors. Methods We compared free-roaming cat population densities in terms of neighbourhood socio-economic status (SES), housing type, human density and percentage of residential and commercial areas. Five consecutive cat density surveys were carried out in eight residential neighbourhoods in Israel – four in northern Tel Aviv, characterised by high SES, and four in southern Tel Aviv, characterised by low SES. The photographic capture–recapture technique was used and abundance estimates were evaluated using the MARK program. Regression analyses examined the effect of socio-demographic factors on cat densities. Key results Neighbourhood socio-economic status significantly influenced kitten density and proportion of neutered cats in the total population: southern neighbourhoods had higher kitten densities and lower neutered cat proportions compared with northern neighbourhoods. Higher adult cat densities featured in mixed profile neighbourhoods of residential and commercial areas compared with solely residential neighbourhoods. Using the linear equation from the regression analysis the entire free-roaming cat population in Tel Aviv was extrapolated to 39 000 cats. Conclusions The results suggest that adult cat and kitten densities depend in part on socio-demographic factors, specifically on neighbourhood socio-economic status and the proportion of residential area. Implications Our findings in Tel Aviv may be used to improve cat management efforts, by focusing on neighbourhoods hosting higher cat densities; as well as to improve cat welfare by focusing on neighbourhoods with lower neutering rates and higher kitten densities. Finally, the current study may serve as a basis for studies in other cities with similar cat overpopulation problems.
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Vogel, Matt, Evelien M. Hoeben e Wim Bernasco. "Nearby Neighbourhood Influences on Adolescent Offending". British Journal of Criminology 61, n. 1 (13 ottobre 2020): 228–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azaa069.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract This study extends recent research on the spatial dynamics of neighbourhood disadvantage and youth offending. Data include self-reported offences from 794 Dutch adolescents and the socio-economic status in their residential neighbourhood and the surrounding community. The findings reveal that youth engage in the highest levels of offending when they reside in disadvantaged neighbourhoods surrounded by neighbourhoods characterized by relative affluence. This spatial pattern is attributable to greater temptations to offend, reduced parental monitoring, and more frequent involvement in unstructured activities among youths who live in close proximity to neighbourhoods more affluent than their own. This study highlights the importance of criminogenic opportunities and parental monitoring for understanding the spatial dynamics of neighbourhood disadvantage on offending.
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Chen, Yu, Yunxiao Dang e Guanpeng Dong. "An investigation of migrants’ residential satisfaction in Beijing". Urban Studies 57, n. 3 (16 maggio 2019): 563–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019836918.
Abstract (sommario):
Chinese cities have witnessed enormous neighbourhood changes as a result of housing reforms, rapid urban expansion and massive rural-to-urban migration. Migrants, without local hukou status, are confronted with many constraints in accessing urban housing. While previous studies have focused on migrants’ poor housing conditions, relatively little is known about their self-selection into different neighbourhood types, as well as their subjective evaluation of the living environment in local areas. Drawing upon a large-scale questionnaire survey conducted in Beijing in 2013, we examine the factors influencing migrants’ residential choices, in particular urban villages versus other neighbourhood types, in a multinomial logit model, and the sources of residential satisfaction in a multilevel framework. The results show that migrants sort themselves into different neighbourhoods contingent on demographic and socio-economic factors, and express different levels of satisfaction after controlling for individual attributes and geographical context. Moreover, their self-selection significantly influences residential satisfaction.
20
Hinckson, Erica, Ester Cerin, Surzanne Mavoa, Melody Smith, Hannah Badland, Karen Witten, Robin Kearns e Grant Schofield. "What are the associations between neighbourhood walkability and sedentary time in New Zealand adults? The URBAN cross-sectional study". BMJ Open 7, n. 10 (ottobre 2017): e016128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016128.
Abstract (sommario):
ObjectivesWe estimated associations between objectively determined neighbourhood ‘walkability’ attributes and accelerometer-derived sedentary time (ST) by sex, city or type of day.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThe URBAN (Understanding the Relationship between Activity and Neighbourhoods) study was conducted in 48 neighbourhoods across four cities in New Zealand (August 2008 to October 2010).ParticipantsThe response rate was 41% (2029 recruited participants/5007 eligible households approached). In total, 1762 participants (aged 41.4±12.1, mean±SD) met the data inclusion criteria and were included in analyses.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe exposure variables were geographical information system (GIS) measures of neighbourhood walkability (ie, street connectivity, residential density, land-use mix, retail footprint area ratio) for street network buffers of 500 m and 1000 m around residential addresses. Participants wore an accelerometer for 7 days. The outcome measure was average daily minutes of ST.ResultsData were available from 1762 participants (aged 41.4±12.1 years; 58% women). No significant main effects of GIS-based neighbourhood walkability measures were found with ST. Retail footprint area ratio was negatively associated with sedentary time in women, significant only for 500 m residential buffers. An increase of 1 decile in street connectivity was significantly associated with a decrease of over 5 min of ST per day in Christchurch residents for both residential buffers.ConclusionNeighbourhoods with proximal retail and higher street connectivity seem to be associated with less ST. These effects were sex and city specific.
21
Logan, James J., Amber Gigi Hoi, Michael Sawada, Anders Knudby, Tim Ramsay, Justine I. Blanford, Nicholas H. Ogden e Manisha A. Kulkarni. "Risk factors for Lyme disease resulting from residential exposure amidst emerging Ixodes scapularis populations: A neighbourhood-level analysis of Ottawa, Ontario". PLOS ONE 18, n. 8 (24 agosto 2023): e0290463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290463.
Abstract (sommario):
Lyme disease is an emerging health threat in Canada due to the continued northward expansion of the main tick vector, Ixodes scapularis. It is of particular concern to populations living in expanding peri-urban areas where residential development and municipal climate change response impact neighbourhood structure and composition. The objective of this study was to estimate associations of socio-ecological characteristics with residential Lyme disease risk at the neighbourhood scale. We used Lyme disease case data for 2017–2020 reported for Ottawa, Ontario to determine where patients’ residential property, or elsewhere within their neighbourhood, was the suspected site of tick exposure. Cases meeting this exposure definition (n = 118) were aggregated and linked to neighbourhood boundaries. We calculated landscape characteristics from composited and classified August 2018 PlanetScope satellite imagery. Negative binomial generalized linear models guided by a priori hypothesized relationships explored the association between hypothesized interactions of landscape structure and the outcome. Increases in median household income, the number of forest patches, the proportion of forested area, forest edge density, and mean forest patch size were associated with higher residential Lyme disease incidence at the neighbourhood scale, while increases in forest shape complexity and average distance to forest edge were associated with reduced incidence (P<0.001). Among Ottawa neighbourhoods, the combined effect of forest shape complexity and average forest patch size was associated with higher residential Lyme disease incidence (P<0.001). These findings suggest that Lyme disease risk in residential settings is associated with urban design elements. This is particularly relevant in urban centres where local ecological changes may impact the presence of emerging tick populations and how residents interact with tick habitat. Further research into the mechanistic underpinnings of these associations would be an asset to both urban development planning and public health management.
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Zhang, Qi, Esther Hiu-Kwan Yung e Edwin Hon-Wan Chan. "Meshing Sustainability with Satisfaction: An Investigation of Residents’ Perceptions in Three Different Neighbourhoods in Chengdu, China". Land 10, n. 11 (22 novembre 2021): 1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10111280.
Abstract (sommario):
Can sustainability and liveability be simultaneously pursued at the neighbourhood level? Adopting neighbourhood satisfaction as a proxy to indicate liveability at the neighbourhood scale, this paper investigated how the residential subjective perception of sustainability factors interacted with neighbourhood satisfaction in the context of three different neighbourhoods in Chengdu, China. This began with a comprehensive literature review to construct the neighbourhood sustainability framework. Then, a total of 510 cross-sectional questionnaire surveys was conducted in Chengdu. Logistic regression was employed to investigate significant associations. The findings revealed that the ‘sense and habit of energy saving’ is the only sustainability factor that is negatively associated with neighbourhood satisfaction in commodity-housing neighbourhood. Compared with intangible factors, tangible or physical sustainability factors are more likely to contribute to improving neighbourhood satisfaction and suppressing moving intention. The study also evidenced the contextual differences of significant associations among danwei, resettlement, and commodity-housing neighbourhoods coexisting in transitional China. This calls for adaptive and contextual rather than standardized, top-down strategies for developing sustainable neighbourhood planning to simultaneously promote sustainability and liveability in Chengdu, China. Finally, a specific contextual framework was provided as policy implications for developing local and adaptive solutions.
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Beckers, Pascal, e Sanne Boschman. "Residential choices of foreign highly skilled workers in the Netherlands and the role of neighbourhood and urban regional characteristics". Urban Studies 56, n. 4 (30 novembre 2017): 760–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017741262.
Abstract (sommario):
In the international competition for talent, local and national policy makers are keen to better understand the location choices of highly skilled workers in order to design more effective policies geared towards the group’s attraction and retention. In this study, we explain whether and to what extent the local living environment, in particular characteristics at the neighbourhood and urban regional level, affect the residential choices of foreign highly skilled workers. We make use of register data from Statistics Netherlands on the residential locations of all of these migrants who entered the Netherlands between 2000 and 2009. We combine this dataset with data on relevant characteristics at the neighbourhood level as well as with relevant amenities and labour market characteristics at the regional level. We estimate a negative binomial regression model to test which characteristics of neighbourhoods and urban regions are associated with high inflows of foreign highly skilled workers at the neighbourhood level. We find that, besides labour market characteristics, the characteristics of the local environment do matter for location choices of foreign highly skilled workers in the Netherlands. This group tends to settle in higher income, inner city neighbourhoods that offer a high degree of urban vibe. Furthermore, residential choices differ between single and multi-person households and change with duration of stay in the country.
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Rahman, Mohammad Lutfur, Tessa Pocock, Antoni Moore e Sandra Mandic. "Active Transport to School and School Neighbourhood Built Environment across Urbanisation Settings in Otago, New Zealand". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n. 23 (3 dicembre 2020): 9013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17239013.
Abstract (sommario):
The school neighbourhood built environment (BE) can facilitate active transport to school (ATS) in adolescents. Most previous studies examining ATS were conducted in large urban centres and focused on BE of home neighbourhoods. This study examined correlations between school-level ATS rates among adolescents, objectively measured school neighbourhood BE features, and adolescents’ perceptions of the school route across different urbanisation settings. Adolescents (n = 1260; 15.2 ± 1.4 years; 43.6% male) were recruited from 23 high schools located in large, medium, and small urban areas, and rural settings in Otago, New Zealand. Adolescents completed an online survey. School neighbourhood BE features were analysed using Geographic Information Systems. School neighbourhood intersection density, residential density and walkability index were higher in large urban areas compared to other urbanisation settings. School-level ATS rates (mean 38.1%; range: 27.8%–43.9%) were negatively correlated with school neighbourhood intersection density (r = −0.58), residential density (r = −0.60), and walkability index (r = −0.64; all p < 0.01). School-level ATS rates were also negatively associated with adolescents’ perceived safety concerns for walking (r = −0.76) and cycling (r = −0.78) to school, high traffic volume (r = −0.82), and presence of dangerous intersections (r = −0.75; all p < 0.01). Future initiatives to encourage ATS should focus on school neighbourhood BE features and minimise adolescents’ traffic safety related concerns.
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Bao, Helen X. H., e Saul Shah. "The Impact of Home Sharing on Residential Real Estate Markets". Journal of Risk and Financial Management 13, n. 8 (25 luglio 2020): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13080161.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper explores the effects of home-sharing platforms in general and Airbnb in particular on rental rates at a neighbourhood level. Using consumer-facing Airbnb data from ten neighbourhoods located within large metropolitan areas in the U.S. between 2013–2017, as well as rental data from the American online real estate database company, Zillow, this paper examines the relationship between Airbnb penetration and rental rates. The results indicate that the relationship is not as unanimous as once thought. Viewing the relationship at an aggregate level, an approach used by many researchers in the past, hides the complexities of the underlying effects. Instead, Airbnb’s impact on rental rates depends on a neighbourhood’s individual characteristics. This study also urges policy makers to create tailor-made solutions that help curb the negative impacts associated with the platform whilst still harnessing its economic benefits.
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Md Sakip, Siti Rasidah, Noraini Johari e Mohd Najib Mohd Salleh. "Sense of Community in Gated and Non-Gated Residential". Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 3, n. 9 (30 giugno 2018): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v3i9.303.
Abstract (sommario):
Neighbourhood design is one of the factors contributing towards the establishment and maintenance of local community ties. The differences in environmental size and design of neighbourhoods are perceived to influence sense of community networking functions. A physical element such as gated element is also believed to have an influence on local community relationship networking. Therefore, a study on sense of community was conducted in two neighbourhood areas: Putrajaya (non-gated) and Bandar Baru Bangi (gated) using face to face interview method. This study found that residents of non-gated residential areas demonstrated higher sense of community (M=6.47 SP=0.08) than residents of gated residential areas (M=6.39, SP=1.08).
Keywords: sense of community; social interaction; neighbourhood design; gated residential; non-gated residential
eISSN 2514-751X © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v3i9.303
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Havryliuk, Oleksii. "Neighbourhood (dis)satisfaction in a former closed Soviet city: the case of Dnipro(petrovsk), Ukraine". Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, n. 57 (22 luglio 2022): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/bgss-2022-0021.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper describes and analyses the geography and factors of the neighbourhood satisfaction of the residents of a former post-WWII Soviet closed city in Ukraine – the post-Soviet city of Dnipro (population ca. one million). It is based on a questionnaire survey (n=1248) among adult (18+) inhabitants in Dnipro conducted in early 2018. The results show that the current inner-urban pattern is characterised by semi-peripheralised neighbourhood satisfaction, which is a consequence of the significant influence of (among other factors): infrastructure availability in the neighbourhood, the social and natural environmental in the neighbourhood, and the set of Soviet-legacy factors (the “Soviet” factor). Surprisingly, the highest level of neighbourhood satisfaction in the city of Dnipro is observed in one of the peripheral neighbourhoods (with predominant detached housing), in which the residents’ evaluation of their residential neighbourhood follows the proximity effect.
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Ghani, Fatima, Jerome N. Rachele, Venurs HY Loh, Simon Washington e Gavin Turrell. "Do Differences in Social Environments Explain Gender Differences in Recreational Walking across Neighbourhoods?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, n. 11 (4 giugno 2019): 1980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111980.
Abstract (sommario):
Within a city, gender differences in walking for recreation (WfR) vary significantly across neighbourhoods, although the reasons remain unknown. This cross-sectional study investigated the contribution of the social environment (SE) to explaining such variation, using 2009 data from the How Areas in Brisbane Influence healTh and AcTivity (HABITAT) study, including 7866 residents aged 42–67 years within 200 neighbourhoods in Brisbane, Australia (72.6% response rate). The analytical sample comprised 200 neighbourhoods and 6643 participants (mean 33 per neighbourhood, range 8–99, 95% CI 30.6–35.8). Self-reported weekly minutes of WfR were categorised into 0 and 1–840 mins. The SE was conceptualised through neighbourhood-level perceptions of social cohesion, incivilities and safety from crime. Analyses included multilevel binomial logistic regression with gender as main predictor, adjusting for age, socioeconomic position, residential self-selection and neighbourhood disadvantage. On average, women walked more for recreation than men prior to adjustment for covariates. Gender differences in WfR varied significantly across neighbourhoods, and the magnitude of the variation for women was twice that of men. The SE did not explain neighbourhood differences in the gender–WfR relationship, nor the between-neighbourhood variation in WfR for men or women. Neighbourhood-level factors seem to influence the WfR of men and women differently, with women being more sensitive to their environment, although Brisbane’s SE did not seem such a factor.
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Hedayati Marzbali, Massoomeh, Aldrin Abdullah, Mohammad Javad Maghsoodi Tilaki e Mina Safizadeh. "Moving the 2030 Agenda Ahead: Exploring the Role of Multiple Mediators toward Perceived Environment and Social Sustainability in Residential Neighbourhoods". Land 10, n. 10 (13 ottobre 2021): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10101079.
Abstract (sommario):
Neighbourhood safety represents an important topic of study to illustrate the reasons behind the increases in crime and mitigate its effects in neighbourhoods. This study examines how the social and environmental features of neighbourhoods may influence the social sustainability of residents based on the assumption that the perception of safety and social cohesion mediates the effects of neighbourhood environment on social sustainability. A quantitative method was employed to collect data from residents in a low-rise residential area in Penang, Malaysia. The results of structural equation modelling (SEM) indicated the positive and significant effect of neighbourhood accessibility on perceived disorder, whilst the effect of accessibility on social cohesion was negative. Disorders may comprise social and physical disorders, and may have a negative effect on perception of safety, but not on social cohesion. The relationship between disorders and social sustainability is serially mediated by the perception of safety and social cohesion. This implies that those who perceived high disorderliness in a neighbourhood environment reported a lower level of perception of safety, social cohesion and lower levels of social sustainability. Attempts need to be made to reduce neighbourhood disorderliness to pave the way for 2030 Agenda goals implementation.
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Hedayati Marzbali, Massoomeh, Aldrin Abdullah, Mohammad Javad Maghsoodi Tilaki e Mina Safizadeh. "Moving the 2030 Agenda Ahead: Exploring the Role of Multiple Mediators toward Perceived Environment and Social Sustainability in Residential Neighbourhoods". Land 10, n. 10 (13 ottobre 2021): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10101079.
Abstract (sommario):
Neighbourhood safety represents an important topic of study to illustrate the reasons behind the increases in crime and mitigate its effects in neighbourhoods. This study examines how the social and environmental features of neighbourhoods may influence the social sustainability of residents based on the assumption that the perception of safety and social cohesion mediates the effects of neighbourhood environment on social sustainability. A quantitative method was employed to collect data from residents in a low-rise residential area in Penang, Malaysia. The results of structural equation modelling (SEM) indicated the positive and significant effect of neighbourhood accessibility on perceived disorder, whilst the effect of accessibility on social cohesion was negative. Disorders may comprise social and physical disorders, and may have a negative effect on perception of safety, but not on social cohesion. The relationship between disorders and social sustainability is serially mediated by the perception of safety and social cohesion. This implies that those who perceived high disorderliness in a neighbourhood environment reported a lower level of perception of safety, social cohesion and lower levels of social sustainability. Attempts need to be made to reduce neighbourhood disorderliness to pave the way for 2030 Agenda goals implementation.
31
Clark, William, Marinus Deurloo e Frans Dieleman. "Residential Mobility and Neighbourhood Outcomes". Housing Studies 21, n. 3 (maggio 2006): 323–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02673030600585946.
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Eshruq Labin, Ahlam, Saqer Sqour, Abdelmajeed Rjoub, Rami Al Shawabkeh e Safa Al Husban. "Sustainable Neighbourhood Evaluation Criteria -Design and Urban Values (Case study: Neighbourhoods from Al-Mafraq, Jordan)". Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering 31, n. 2 (26 ottobre 2022): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.31.2.30953.
Abstract (sommario):
A sustainable neighbourhood is critical in preserving the environment for future generations, as various societies are suffering from increasing reliance on vehicles and low social interaction. This study aims to compare two neighbourhoods in terms of implementing the sustainable neighbourhood criteria. This study is based on eight sustainable neighbourhood evaluation criteria related to design and urban values are: regional issues, compacted form, mixed land-use, connectivity, pedestrian-oriented building, public sphere of the neighbourhood, relationship with transit, and walkability. University District and Jordan Villa Compound newly developed residential neighbourhoods located in Al-Mafraq city in Jordan were chosen as a case study to evaluate the sustainable neighbourhood criteria. The primary and secondary data were obtained from various resources, including; previous studies that related to the topic, site surveys and personal interviews. The results show that The University District is more sustainable and walkable than the Jordan villa compound; due to several reasons as the grid pattern of planning and the high population density. The importance of this study comes from implementing the sustainable neighbourhood evaluation criteria to develop communities to become more sustainable and walkable.
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Swapan, Abu Yousuf, e Dora Marinova. "Understanding Sense of community in Subiaco, Western Australia A Study of Human Behaviour and Movement Patterns". Journal of Sustainable Development 11, n. 5 (4 settembre 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v11n5p1.
Abstract (sommario):
Despite being an important physical environment capable of promoting social sustainability, sense of community and contributing to a better quality of life, residential streets and neighbourhoods have not attracted significant research interest until now. The integrated physical interconnected network of houses, front yards, walkways, alleyways and streets offers a high potential for community building through social interactions at a neighbourhood level. Understanding people’s movements, activities and perceptions about their streets can inform design practices and local planning policy in creating better communities. This study presents an investigation of a residential neighbourhood in Subiaco, Western Australia through the use of a mixed-method methodology based on observation and a perception survey. A total of 61 households were observed and interviewed during the spring and summer of 2016–2017 to develop useful typological models centred on activities, movements and resident perceptions. The findings endorse the importance of the residential street as a focus place for behaviour setting but argues that in the case of the Subiaco neighbourhood, which is part of a larger car-dependent metropolitain area, movement patterns– including vehicular, cycling, pedestrian modes and jaywalking, have no significant impact on social interactions. According to the perception survey, 82% of the Subiaco neighbourhood residents see activities across the street as generating the highest level of sense of community. The study expands both, the existing theory and approaches to urban planning, by emphasising the need for making neighbourhood streets the centre of liveability through better physical design which encourages and facilitates pedestrian movement.
34
Hess, Daniel Baldwin, Evan Iacobucci e Annika Väiko. "Network Connections and Neighbourhood Perception: Using Social Media Postings to Capture Attitudes among Twitter Users in Estonia". Architecture and Urban Planning 13, n. 1 (1 dicembre 2017): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aup-2017-0010.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract The residential landscape of a city is key to its economic, social, and cultural functioning. Following the collapse of communist rule in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) in the late 1980s and early 1990s, urban residential dynamics and household mobility have been critical to urban change under new economies and political systems. This article explores neighbourhood perception, which is a link in the chain to better explanation of socio-spatial processes (and their interruption by the socialist system). We use a novel data set – opinions expressed on one of social media (Twitter), and a novel empirical method – neural network analysis, to explore people’s current attitudes and perceptions about the neighbourhoods and districts in Tartu, Estonia. The findings suggest that Twitter comments about urban neighbourhoods display attitudinal and perceptual commentary, which is subdued compared to other subjects. The socialist goal of homogeneity in neighbourhoods is not reflected in present day perspectives about urban neighbourhoods, 25 years after the disintegration of the USSR. Ambivalence about neighbourhoods persists, but this ambivalence may be in flux. Older, formerly neglected neighbourhoods, the subject of positive perception on social media, are currently experiencing increased investment, and the observed trends in our data support a narrative of neighbourhood transition.
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Christie, Chelsea D., Christine M. Friedenreich, Jennifer E. Vena, Dany Doiron e Gavin R. McCormack. "An ecological analysis of walkability and housing affordability in Canada: Moderation by city size and neighbourhood property type composition". PLOS ONE 18, n. 5 (31 maggio 2023): e0285397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285397.
Abstract (sommario):
The neighbourhood built environment can support the physical activity of adults regardless of their individual-level socioeconomic status. However, physical activity supportive (walkable) neighbourhoods may not be accessible to those with lower incomes if homes in walkable neighbourhoods are too expensive. The objectives of this study were: 1) to estimate the associations between neighbourhood walkability and home values in Canadian cities, and 2) to test whether these associations differ by city size and residential property type composition within neighbourhoods. We linked built environment data from the 2016 Canadian Active Living Environments (Can-ALE) index with neighbourhood-level structural home characteristics and sociodemographic data from the 2016 Canadian census for 33,026 neighbourhoods across 31 Census Metropolitan Areas. We used multilevel linear regression models to estimate covariate-adjusted associations between neighbourhood walkability and natural-log median home values and tested city size and neighbourhood property type composition as moderators. There were no statistically significant associations between walkability and home values overall. The associations between neighbourhood walkability and home values were jointly moderated by city size and property type composition. For small and medium sized cities, within neighbourhoods containing a high proportion of detached homes, walkability was negatively associated with home values (b = -0.05, 95% CI: -0.10, -0.01; and, b = -0.04, 95% CI: -0.06, -0.02, for small and medium cities, respectively). However, for extra-large cities, within neighbourhoods containing a high proportion of detached homes, walkability was positively associated with home values (b = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.10). Our findings suggest that, based on housing affordability, higher walkable neighbourhoods are likely accessible to lower income households that are situated in small and medium Canadian cities. In larger cities, however, municipal interventions (e.g., inclusionary zoning or targeted development of subsidized or social housing) may be needed to ensure equitable access to walkable neighbourhoods for lower income households.
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Carroll, Suzanne J., Michael J. Dale e Gavin Turrell. "Neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and body size in Australia’s capital cities: The contribution of obesogenic environments". PLOS ONE 18, n. 1 (20 gennaio 2023): e0280223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280223.
Abstract (sommario):
Residents of socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods have higher rates of overweight and obesity and chronic disease than their counterparts from advantaged neighbourhoods. This study assessed whether associations between neighbourhood disadvantage and measured body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, are accounted for by obesogenic environments (i.e., residential distance to the Central Business District [CBD], supermarket availability, access to walkable destinations). The study used 2017–18 National Health Survey data for working-aged adults (aged ≥18 years, n = 9,367) residing in 3,454 neighbourhoods across Australia’s state and territory capital cities. In five of eight cities (i.e., Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, and Perth) residents of disadvantaged neighbourhoods had significantly higher BMI and a larger waist circumference than residents of more advantaged areas. There was no association between neighbourhood disadvantage and body size in Hobart, Darwin, and Canberra. Associations between neighbourhood disadvantage and body size were partially explained by neighbourhood differences in distance to the CBD but not supermarket availability or walkable amenities. The results of this study point to the role of urban design and city planning as mechanisms for addressing social and economic inequities in Australia’s capital cities, and as solutions to this country’s overweight and obesity epidemic and associated rising rates of chronic disease.
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Al-Nuaim, Anwar, Abdulmalek K. Bursais, Marwa M. Hassan, Abdulrahman I. Alaqil, Peter Collins e Ayazullah Safi. "Association between Young People’s Neighbourhoods’ Characteristics and Health Risk Factors in Saudi Arabia". Healthcare 12, n. 11 (30 maggio 2024): 1120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12111120.
Abstract (sommario):
Introduction: A neighbourhood’s environmental characteristics can positively or negatively influence health and well-being. To date, no studies have examined this concept in the context of Saudi Arabian youth. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between a neighbourhood’s environmental characteristics and health risk factors among Saudi Arabian youth. Methods: A total of 335 secondary-school students (175 males, 160 females), aged 15–19 years old, participated. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference measurements were taken, and physical activity (steps) was measured via pedometer. The perceived neighbourhood environment was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Environment Module (IPAQ-E). Results: Significant differences were found between the youths from urban, rural farm, and rural desert locations in terms of BMI, waist circumference, daily steps, accessibility, infrastructure, social environment, household vehicles, safety, and access to facilities (p < 0.001). Rural desert youths were less active, and males (26.43 + 8.13) and females (24.68 + 5.03) had higher BMIs compared to the youths from other areas. Chi-square analysis revealed a significant difference (χ21 = 12.664, p < 0.001) between the genders as to social-environment perceptions. Males perceived their neighbourhood as a social environment more than was reported by females (68.39% and 50.28%, respectively). Pearson’s correlation revealed negative significant relationships between steps and both safety of neighbourhood (r = −0.235, p < 0.001) and crime rate (r = −0.281, p < 0.001). Discussion: Geographical location, cultural attitudes, lack of facilities, and accessibility impact youth physical-activity engagement and weight status; this includes environmental variables such as residential density, neighbourhood safety, household motor vehicles, and social environment. Conclusions: This is the first study examining associations with neighbourhood environments in the youths of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Significant associations and geographical differences were found. More research and policy interventions to address neighbourhoods’ environmental characteristics and health risk factors relative to Saudi Arabian youth are warranted.
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FEEMSTER, K. A., Y. LI, A. R. LOCALIO, J. SHULTS, P. EDELSTEIN, E. LAUTENBACH, T. SMITH e J. P. METLAY. "Risk of invasive pneumococcal disease varies by neighbourhood characteristics: implications for prevention policies". Epidemiology and Infection 141, n. 8 (31 ottobre 2012): 1679–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026881200235x.
Abstract (sommario):
SUMMARYThis study investigates neighbourhood variation in rates of pneumococcal bacteraemia and community-level factors associated with neighbourhood heterogeneity in disease risk. We analysed data from 1416 adult and paediatric cases of pneumococcal bacteraemia collected during 2005–2008 from a population-based hospital surveillance network in metropolitan Philadelphia. Cases were geocoded using residential address to measure disease incidence by neighbourhood and identify potential neighbourhood-level risk factors. Overall incidence of pneumococcal bacteraemia was 36·8 cases/100 000 population and varied significantly (0–67·8 cases/100 000 population) in 281 neighbourhoods. Increased disease incidence was associated with higher population density [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1·10/10 000 people per mile2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·0–1·19], higher percent black population (per 10% increase) (IRR 1·07, 95% CI 1·04–1·09), population aged ⩽5 years (IRR 3·49, CI 1·8–5·18) and population aged ⩾65 years (IRR 1·19, CI 1·00–1·38). After adjusting for these characteristics, there was no significant difference in neighbourhood disease rates. This study demonstrates substantial small-area variation in pneumococcal bacteraemia risk that appears to be explained by neighbourhood sociodemographic characteristics. Identifying neighbourhoods with increased disease risk may provide valuable information to optimize implementation of prevention strategies.
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Vaalavuo, Maria, Maarten van Ham e Timo M. Kauppinen. "Income Mobility and Moving to a Better Neighbourhood: An Enquiry into Ethnic Differences in Finland". European Sociological Review 35, n. 4 (26 aprile 2019): 538–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcz017.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract The spatial concentration of immigrants in disadvantaged neighbourhoods may hinder their opportunities for social and economic integration. It is therefore important that immigrants can translate their available economic resources into mobility to less disadvantaged neighbourhoods. This study adds to existing research on the relationship between socioeconomic and spatial integration by focusing on the effects of income mobility on residential mobility. We analyse intra-urban residential mobility from low-income neighbourhoods into non-low-income neighbourhoods among immigrants and native-born residents in three urban regions in Finland. We use longitudinal register data for the 2004–2014 period for the full population, allowing a dynamic analysis of changes in income and neighbourhood of residence. Based on fixed-effects multinomial logit modelling of residential outcomes, we found that upward income mobility is connected to exit from low-income areas, but the effect is stronger among the native-born Finns than among those with an immigrant background. This stronger effect for natives is in contrast to findings of previous European studies, suggesting that these might have been influenced by unobserved individual-level heterogeneity. Our findings imply that both policies improving labour market opportunities of immigrants and policies reducing constraints for spatial integration are needed if the aim is to decrease ethnic residential segregation.
40
Cerin, Ester, Cindy HP Sit, Anthony Barnett, Janice M. Johnston, Man-Chin Cheung e Wai-Man Chan. "Ageing in an ultra-dense metropolis: perceived neighbourhood characteristics and utilitarian walking in Hong Kong elders". Public Health Nutrition 17, n. 1 (21 agosto 2012): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012003862.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractObjectiveThe neighbourhood built environment may affect walking behaviour of elders. However, such effects remain underexplored, especially in an Asian context. We examined associations of perceived environmental attributes with overall and neighbourhood-specific walking for transport in a sample of Chinese elders residing in Hong Kong, an ultra-dense Chinese metropolis.DesignCross-sectional observational study using a two-stage stratified sampling strategy.SettingHong Kong, China.SubjectsChinese-speaking elders (n 484), with no cognitive impairment and able to walk without assistance, residing in thirty-two selected communities stratified by socio-economic status and walkability, were interviewer-administered validated measures of perceived neighbourhood environment and walking for transport.ResultsMuch higher levels of transport-related walking (mean 569 (sd 452) min/week) than found in Western samples were reported. The degree of perceived access to shops, crowdedness, presence of sitting facilities and easy access of residential entrance were independently positively related to both frequency of overall and within-neighbourhood walking for transportation. Infrastructure for walking and access to public transport were predictive of higher frequency of transport-related walking irrespective of location, while the perceived degree of land-use mix was predictive of higher levels of within-neighbourhood walking.ConclusionsThe provision of easy access to shops, residential entrances and sitting facilities in the neighbourhood may promote overall transport-related walking, while a good public transport network and pedestrian infrastructure linking destination-poor with destination-rich locations may compensate for the detrimental effects of living in less walkable neighbourhoods. Governmental investment in these micro- and macro-environmental features would help the promotion of an active lifestyle in elders.
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Nguyen, Thuy Ha, Simon Götz, Katharina Kreffter, Stefanie Lisak-Wahl, Nico Dragano e Simone Weyers. "Neighbourhood deprivation and obesity among 5656 pre-school children—findings from mandatory school enrollment examinations". European Journal of Pediatrics 180, n. 6 (11 febbraio 2021): 1947–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00431-021-03988-2.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractThe risk of child obesity is strongly related to socioeconomic factors such as individual socioeconomic position (SEP) and neighbourhood deprivation. The present study analyses whether the relationship between neighbourhood deprivation and child obesity differs by child’s individual SEP. Data from 5656 children (5–7 years) from the mandatory school enrollment examinations of the pre-school cohorts 2017/2018 in Düsseldorf were analysed. Obesity was determined by the age- and gender-specific body mass index (BMI); neighbourhood deprivation by using the socio-spatial degree of deprivation of the children’s residential addresses; and individual SEP by the level of parental education. Using Poisson regression, we estimated prevalence ratios (PR with 95% confidence interval (CI)) of child obesity by neighbourhood deprivation and parental education. Interactions between neighbourhood deprivation and parental education were tested. The prevalence of child obesity increases with the degree of neighbourhood deprivation. Compared to children living in low deprivation neighbourhoods, the proportion of obese children was twice as high in high deprivation neighbourhoods (PR=2.02; CI=1.46–2.78). Likewise, children from families with medium and low education have twice the risk for obesity compared to children with high parental education (PR=2.05; CI=1.46–2.78). The relationship between neighbourhood deprivation and child obesity was significantly moderated by parental education; it was stronger for higher parental education than for medium and low parental education (p<.001).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that children from deprived neighbourhoods and families with lower education have a higher risk for child obesity. The identification of particularly deprived neighbourhoods with structural interventions in combination with the strengthening of parental health literacy seems reasonable. What is Known:• Studies show that children from disadvantaged neighbourhoods are more frequently obese. What is New:• The relationship between neighbourhood deprivation and child obesity is significantly moderated by parental education. It is stronger for children with higher parental education than for children with medium and low parental education.
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Meltzer, Rachel, e Sean Capperis. "Neighbourhood differences in retail turnover: Evidence from New York City". Urban Studies 54, n. 13 (6 settembre 2016): 3022–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016661268.
Abstract (sommario):
Urban neighbourhoods are defined as much by their commercial character as their residential; retail services not only provide material needs for those living nearby, but less-tangible social and cultural capital as well. It is reasonable to expect, then, that excessive churn in these businesses can threaten the stability of a neighbourhood. Using a longitudinal data set on mixed-use neighbourhoods in New York City, we test whether or not neighbourhoods of varying circumstances and characteristics experience different degrees and types of retail turnover. Results suggest that there are meaningful differences in retail turnover across neighbourhoods. Retail turnover is directly associated with the type of business activity, commercial infrastructure and the neighbourhood’s consumer profile. However, when all three sets of factors are considered simultaneously in a regression analysis, consumer-related characteristics explain turnover more than those related to the local commercial environment. Specifically, businesses that provide necessity and more frequently consumed goods/services are more stable and chain establishments are more likely to venture into markets with some housing price discounts, growth potential and possibly less organised opposition. Neighbourhoods with less (and more heterogeneous) general retail (as opposed to food service) concentration, as well as bigger businesses, are more stable. More importantly, bigger households and higher shares of white residents are most strongly associated with less retail churn, and population growth is the strongest predictor of more turnover.
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KEARNS, ADE, NICK BAILEY, MARIA GANNON, MARK LIVINGSTON e ALASTAIR LEYLAND. "‘All in it Together’? Social Cohesion in a Divided Society: Attitudes to Income Inequality and Redistribution in a Residential Context". Journal of Social Policy 43, n. 3 (29 aprile 2014): 453–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279414000063.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractThis paper asks whether where someone lives bears any association with their attitudes to inequality and income redistribution, focusing on the relative contribution of neighbourhood income, density and ethnic composition. People on higher incomes showed higher support for redistribution when living in more deprived neighbourhoods. People with lower levels of altruism had higher levels of support for redistribution in neighbourhoods of higher density. People living in more ethnically mixed neighbourhoods had higher levels of support for redistribution on average, but this support declined for Whites with low levels of altruism as the deprivation of the neighbourhood increased. Current trends which sustain or extend income and wealth inequalities, reflected in patterns of residence, may undermine social cohesion in the medium- to long-term. This may be offset to some extent by trends of rising residential ethnic diversity.
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Mayungbo, Olusegun, e Retta Akingbade. "Residential Neighbourhoods, Perceived Social Support and Subjective Wellbeing". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, n. 17 (30 giugno 2017): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n17p152.
Abstract (sommario):
Research on subjective wellbeing has mainly focused on personality and demographic variables. The influence of residential neighbourhoods are usually not considered. This study, investigates the influence of types of neighbourhoods and perceived social support on life satisfaction among residents in Ibadan metropolis. Using a 2-way factorial design and multistage sampling technique, five of the eleven Local Government Areas (LGAs) in the metropolis were purposively selected for the study. Ten enumeration areas were selected from each LGA using simple random technique. The number of participants in the selected enumeration areas were determined using enumeration area maps. Two hundred and twenty house-owners and renters each were then selected from the low, medium and high density areas of the LGAs using systematic technique, making a total of 1,100 participants. The selected household heads were sampled. A structured questionnaire focusing on socio-demographic profile, life satisfaction scale (r=0.74) and a multi-dimensional scale of perceived social support (r=0.87) was administered to the participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance at 0.05 level of significance. Three hypotheses were tested. The results reveal that social support did not have significant main influence on life satisfaction (F (1,237) =.04; p>.05) while neighbourhood types significantly influenced life satisfaction (F (1,237) = 10.79; p<.05). There were significant interaction effects of neighbourhood and social support on life satisfaction (F(1,237) = 4.15). The findings suggest that the places we live are important for improvement of our life satisfaction.
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Bridge, Gary. "Gentrification, Class, and Residence: A Reappraisal". Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 12, n. 1 (febbraio 1994): 31–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d120031.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper is an attempt to expose the inadequacies of current arguments on the influence of residence on class relations in a gentrifying neighbourhood. In the gentrification literature it is assumed that the influx of the middle class into working-class neighbourhoods disrupts the association between social relations and residential spaces and that this influences class relations. The results of research in a gentrifying London neighbourhood do not support such spatial formalism and, on the basis of social network analysis, suggest an array of sociospatial relations which are not tied to neighbourhood, It is suggested that the involvement in neighbourhood varies temporally (according to stage in the life cycle) and by gender, rather than spatially or by class location. The discussion is concluded with an assessment of the implications of this argument for the gentrification literature in particular and for social geography in general.
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Górny, Agata, e Sabina Toruńczyk-Ruiz. "Relative deprivation and ‘the diversity effect’ in explaining neighbourhood attachment: Alternative or complementary mechanisms?" Urban Studies 52, n. 5 (23 luglio 2014): 984–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098014541158.
Abstract (sommario):
In a 2014 paper, we demonstrated that the negative relationship between ethnic diversity and neighbourhood attachment was moderated by interethnic ties differently for migrants and natives living in ethnically diverse neighbourhoods. In this article, we respond to the Comment on our paper by Oded Stark, who proposes to interpret our findings within the framework of relative deprivation theory, and to explain the different results for migrants and natives by different preferences for diversity and resulting self-selection processes among the two groups. We argue that explaining the negative link between ethnic diversity and neighbourhood attachment by a distaste for relative deprivation is problematic given the intricacies of relationships between ethnic diversity, economic diversity, economic inequality and neighbourhood attachment. We note that employing the concept of relative deprivation in the analyses of ethnic diversity effects should acknowledge the role that interethnic ties play in the way natives and migrants define their reference groups. We also claim that preferences for diversity are unlikely to constitute a substantial basis for residential selection among migrants and natives, given the role of structural and socio-psychological factors in residential choices.
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van Heerden, Sjoerdje, e Didier Ruedin. "How attitudes towards immigrants are shaped by residential context: The role of ethnic diversity dynamics and immigrant visibility". Urban Studies 56, n. 2 (25 ottobre 2017): 317–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017732692.
Abstract (sommario):
We examine how proportional changes in residential context are associated with changes in attitudes towards immigrants. We specifically examine ethnic diversity dynamics and immigrant visibility at the level of the neighbourhood. Following the ‘defended neighbourhood’ hypothesis, we focus on proportional change, not absolute numbers. Data from the Dutch LISS panel are analysed using fixed-effect models, measuring the composition of neighbourhoods at the level of four-digit postcodes. Our findings show that a larger change in the proportion of immigrant residents is associated with more positive views on immigrants among natives. It is particularly a change in the proportion of visible non-Western immigrants that appears to be relevant for changes in attitudes. Contrary to theoretic expectations, we find little evidence for ‘defended neighbourhoods’ in the Netherlands in the years under consideration.
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Ali, Zahraa, e Sanaa Abbas. "Identity in Residential Neighbourhood: Analytical Study for Al_Jamea Community (627) Neighbourhood". Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning 21, n. 1 (24 marzo 2022): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36041/iqjap.2022.173358.
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Patricios, Nicholas N. "Urban design principles of the original neighbourhood concepts". Urban Morphology 6, n. 1 (3 dicembre 2001): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51347/jum.v6i1.3900.
Abstract (sommario):
The neighbourhood concept is arguably one of the major planning landmarks that shaped the urban form of the twentieth-century city in many countries. Coincidently, both the neighbourhood idea of Clarence Stein and Henry Wright, exemplified in their plan for Radburn, and the neighbourhood unit idea of Clarence Perry were published in 1929. The urban design principles of Stein and Wright included the idea of a superblock of residential units grouped around a central green, the separation of vehicles and pedestrians, and a road hierarchy with culs-de-sac for local access roads. A cluster of superblocks was to form a self-contained neighbourhood. A group of neighbourhoods would then comprise the city. For Perry the physical arrangement of the elementary school, small parks and playgrounds, and local shops was the basis of his neighbourhood idea. Each neighbourhood was to be a `unit' of the city. Briefly outlined are the deviations from the original ideas made subsequently by numerous architects, planners, developers, and bureaucrats. This article re-examines the intentions of Stein and Wright and Perry and the sources of their ideas to recover the principles of the original concepts that have become obscured over the decades.
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Hermansen, Are Skeie, Nicolai T. Borgen e Arne Mastekaasa. "Long-Term Trends in Adult Socio-Economic Resemblance between Former Schoolmates and Neighbouring Children". European Sociological Review 36, n. 3 (20 dicembre 2019): 366–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcz066.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Schools and residential neighbourhoods constitute key contexts of development beyond the family of origin. Yet, few prior studies address whether the overall impact of these childhood contexts on adult life chances has changed over time. In this article, we investigate changes in socio-economic resemblance between former schoolmates and neighbouring children using Norwegian administrative data covering three decades. We use cross-classified multilevel models to decompose the variance in children’s educational attainment and adult earnings into the contributions found within and between their school and neighbourhood contexts in adolescence. We find that unadjusted school and neighbourhood correlations in educational attainment are relatively modest and declining over time. These trends largely reflect declining socio-economic segregation between schools and neighbourhoods over time. After adjusting for sorting by family background, schools account for 2 per cent or less of the total variation in completed years of education in the more recent cohorts and neighbourhoods even less. For adult earnings, the adjusted school correlations are very low, accounting for around 1 per cent of the total variance, while the contribution of neighbourhoods is close to zero. Our findings suggest that adolescent school and neighbourhood contexts are not major determinants of children’s later-life socio-economic attainments in the Norwegian welfare state setting.