Tesi sul tema "Réseaux sociaux – Aspect moral"
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Fathallah, Zeina. "Travail moral et construction de réseaux autour de l'avortement : santé et sexualité des femmes au Liban". Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0029.
Testo completoThesis analyses the practice of abortion in Lebanon. We explore how women live this experience and a space of autonomy in a clandestine context. We examine as weIl the experiences of other actors physicians, midwives, pharmacists and allies) mobilized around abortion. We analyze the space of and decision-making of actors in a situation of conflict and the manner of building moral work in situation. This moral work tackles issues of sexuality, parenthood, norms, deviance and networks that build up around this hardship. We demonstrate that abortion is not merely an isolated individual medical act. It is not a private matter but it related to a dense social process that goes beyond various communities and social categories. It is an orderly and regular process in which medical institutions are integrated. There is a thick network centered ultimately on controlling the body of the woman. This network is clandestine and tolerated. It reveals itself when woman encounters the problem
Michalon, Barthélémy. "Framing, shaping, and maneuvering : exercising power in building online content regulation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IEPP0019.
Testo completoI used qualitative data analysis and the multiple case study method to understand how political, platform, and civil actors exercise power in building regulatory frameworks, and thus a governance system, for online content moderation. I analyzed the exercise of power through three case studies, each on a different form of regulation: the Code of conduct on countering illegal hate speech online (co-regulation), Meta’s Oversight Board (self-regulation) and the Digital Services Act (statutory regulation).These cases served to develop an analytical framework (the FSM model) and to successfully test its replicability. It is based on the idea that actors exercise power at different stages of a regulation’s policy process in at least one of three ways. Framing involves influencing perceptions about the regulation and the actors involved. Shaping consists of impacting the regulation’s content. Finally, maneuvering refers to affecting its practice, mostly during the implementation phase. The comprehensive analysis of power dynamics across three regulatory settings allowed me to highlight controlled delegation as a central feature in the governance of online content. Empirical evidence points to a pattern: the actor behind each regulatory initiative – be it a public authority or platform company – shaped the regulatory framework to actively engage other actors in content moderation, while ensuring that this delegation operated within the boundaries it had defined. My approach, grounded in the exercise of power, yielded insights into how delegating actors balanced empowering other agents with establishing boundaries and oversight mechanisms to retain control over their operations
Krebs, Viola. "Le cybervolontariat : socio-pragmatique d'une activité citoyenne au XXIème siècle". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG046/document.
Testo completoThe advent of new information and communication technologies (ICT) has opened new horizons, but introduces also a certain number of challenges for human societies. A vast platform of communication and expression, the Internet has an impact on the social behavior of individuals and communities. With the introduction of the World Wide Web, new forms of volunteering have emerged.The objective of this research is to understand and present these new forms of mutual assistance which are brought together under the term ‘cybervolunteering’. This research is based on a range of examples in order to distinguish ‘cybervolunteering’ from other forms of cyber-activity. In order to understand a new phenomenon, it is necessary to observe, identify, distinguish, define, analyze and quantify. The purpose of this research is to build a framework through which the reader will be better able to understand the influence of this phenomenon on lives both online and offline
Laporte, Renaud. "Sports et reseaux sociaux". Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA054012.
Testo completoDeroian, Frédéric. "Morphogenèse et structure des réseaux sociaux : une application à l'économie de l'innovation". Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX24001.
Testo completoSaddik, Mohamed. "Économie et éthique, le cas de “l’économie islamique” : application aux services sociaux et financiers". Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100019.
Testo completoIn this work we studied how to build an economy funded on an ethical and conceptual base directly issued from the texts and values of Islam. Many questions could be revealed in this context: How could be established an economic system based on Islamic values in order to achieve the aimed economical goals? If such a system could be realized, how would it work? Could Islam present an economical and social system that can be considered as an alternative to capitalism? Is there any financial system that could be described and presented as an Islamic economy? What is the Islamic approach of economy? Is there really a need for such approach? Does the Islamic economy have its own institutional context? The first part of this thesis is dedicated to study the relation between ethics and economy in general (through the works of well-known economists and philosophers like Sen and Rawls), as well as the relation between Islamic ethics and economy in particular : In the second part, we discussed how to take Islamic ethics in consideration from an economical point of view; this application could be done through the study of Islamic finance
Hugon, Stéphane. "Circumnavigations : la construction sociale de l'identité en ligne". Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H011.
Testo completoStarting from an investigation of ground near users of the Internet, the thesis proposes to regard the success of the communications on line(chat, blog) as an evidence of a deep change of our society, in particular affecting social construction of the identity and nature of the social bond. The thesis poses the assumption that the success of these social forms is linked to the presence of imaginary which is former for him, imaginary drift and navigation, present in testimonys of the users met, and in a whole side of the European culture. Moreover, the experiment of the Net surfer is inseparable from one report/ratio to the machine. If the social history of technics were the place of a critical thought a long time on the boarding of the individual, it seems that the social re-appropriations of the computers give the sign of a form of réenchantement by the creation of social bond and of a culture resolutely directed towards the ludic one and the oneiric one
Smoreda, Zbigniew. "Sociabilités ordinaires, réseaux sociaux et médiation des technologies de communication". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00469439.
Testo completoSaliba, Tarek. "Les enjeux économiques et sociaux d'internet : le changement organisationnel des entreprises de la net-économie". Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIE0051.
Testo completoLapointe, Geneviève. "L'immigration péruvienne au Québec : insertion socioéconomique, réseaux sociaux et constructions identitaires". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29947.
Testo completoIn recent years, Quebec’s immigration policies have favoured educated, young, and French-speaking immigrants – that is, those considered to have a strong potential for employability. Despite this selective immigration, many immigrants find it more difficult than in the past to find jobs that match their qualifications. This thesis proposes to examine this paradox in more detail. While several studies have addressed the issue of immigrant socioeconomic insertion from an individualistic perspective, focusing on the human capital of newcomers, this thesis proposes instead to focus on the role of the host society to better understand the migratory experience. Inspired by theories of intersectionality, the analysis considers processes of racialization that manifest themselves through the discourses and practices of the host society. A qualitative study was conducted, based on interviews with 24 international migrants of Peruvian origin living in the cities of Quebec and Montreal. The objective was to better understand the experience of Peruvian immigrants in Quebec by focusing on three distinct but interrelated themes: socioeconomic insertion, mobilization of social networks, and respondents’ identity constructions. The analysis of the interviews reveals that Peruvians deploy various strategies to integrate socioeconomically, which include accepting a certain deskilling, professional reorientation, and having to return to school. Based on various works on transnationalism – highlighting the social bonds that are maintained across national borders via the Internet for instance – this study also shows that the maintenance of transnational links influences the socioeconomic insertion of Peruvians, who have access to more information during the pre-migration period and to family and social support in the new society. The importance of the various social networks mobilized once in Quebec is also discussed. In term of identity, the respondents evoked a new hybrid identity – reworked and reconstructed in the new society – marked by a sense of belonging both to the place of origin and the host society. This process of identity construction is also characterized by a resolute desire to “integrate, ” despite the discrimination and obstacles encountered.
Desde hace algunos años, las políticas quebequenses sobre la inmigración privilegian a los inmigrantes instruidos, a los jóvenes, y a los que hablan francés; es decir, gente con un gran potencial de empleabilidad. A pesar de esta inmigración elegida, muchos inmigrantes enfrentan más dificultad que antes para encontrar un empleo que corresponda a sus cualificaciones. La presente tesis propone examinar esta paradoja con más detalle. Aunque varios estudios han abordado el tema de la inserción socioeconómica de los inmigrantes a partir de una perspectiva individualista, haciendo énfasis en el capital humano de los recién llegados, esta tesis propone más bien abordar el papel de la sociedad de acogida para comprender mejor la experiencia migratoria. Tomando como modelo las teorías de la interseccionalidad, el análisis toma en cuenta los procesos de racialización que se manifiestan a través de los discursos y de las prácticas de la sociedad de acogida. Para hacerlo, se realizó un estudio cualitativo basado en las entrevistas a veinticuatro migrantes internacionales de origen peruano que viven en las ciudades de Quebec y de Montreal. El objetivo es comprender mejor la experiencia de los inmigrantes peruanos en Quebec abordando tres temas diferentes pero interrelacionados; es decir, la inserción socioeconómica, la movilización en las redes sociales y la construcción identitaria de los encuestados. El análisis de las entrevistas revela que los peruanos utilizan diversas estrategias para integrarse socioeconómicamente, entre ellas, la aceptación de una cierta descualificación, la reorientación profesional y el regreso a los estudios. Inspirado en los trabajos del transnacionalismo —que ponen de relieve los lazos sociales mantenidos más allá de las fronteras nacionales principalmente por medio de Internet—, este estudio también demuestra que mantener lazos transnacionales influye en la inserción socioeconómica de los peruanos, aun cuando tienen acceso a más información durante el periodo premigratorio y a un apoyo familiar y social en la nueva sociedad. Se aborda igualmente la importancia de las diversas redes sociales utilizadas una vez en Quebec. En cuanto a la construcción identitaria, los encuestados evocan una nueva identidad híbrida, modificada y reconstruida en la nueva sociedad, marcada por un sentimiento de pertenencia hacia el lugar de origen y el lugar de acogida. Esta construcción identitaria también está marcada por una voluntad resuelta de “integrarse”, a pesar de la discriminación y de los obstáculos encontrados.
Zammar, Nisrine. "Réseaux Sociaux numériques : essai de catégorisation et cartographie des controverses". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00687906.
Testo completoCôté-Giguère, Catherine. "Parcours et voix de femmes : intégration et réseaux sociaux chez des immigrantes à Québec". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25539.
Testo completoThis thesis analyzes the integration process of recent immigrant women living in Quebec City. It allows these women to define integration in their own terms, based on their personal perspectives. Furthermore, this research emphasizes the importance of social networks for these women in everyday life. For them, it appears that building social network constitutes a strategy towards integration. Paradoxically, even if they constitute a great source of support, their family networks sometimes restrain them in the achievement of their goals. In spite of having what seemed to be an advantageous situation upon their arrival in Quebec (family, economic category, highly educated), many of these women after two years in Quebec were still having a lot to go through to reach their own integration goals. Several of them were still facing the menace of isolation.
Rinfret, Danièle. "Le soutien social pendant la période périnatale : la perception de mères immigrantes de la ville de Québec". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24860/24860.pdf.
Testo completoAgapitova, Natalia. "Le rôle des réseaux sociaux dans la dynamique des systèmes d'innovation : les enseignements de la transition russe". Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT4001.
Testo completoDubé, Émilie. "Réseaux sociaux chez les réfugiés bhoutanais à Québec : une question de langue et de malentendus interculturels". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26207.
Testo completoKaroui, Myriam. "Visibilité du capital social à travers les médias sociaux : Etudes de cas sur les dynamiques sociales de l'appropriation d'un outil d'Analyse de Réseaux Sociaux". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00905525.
Testo completoChiffoleau, Yuna. "Réseaux et pratiques de l'innovation en milieu coopératif". Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05H074.
Testo completoRamrajsingh, Athissingh. "Les nouvelles technologies Web, facteur d'un glissement de la prérogative politique? : approche critico-discursive du mode d'existence idéologique du Web 2.0 révélant ses impensés et analyse des enjeux sur le plan macro-sociétal". Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX32079.
Testo completoThe concept of “Web 2. 0” has been so much discussed since it was first introduced in September 2005, that it has become difficult to perceive all its technical, economic and political developments. This work proposes a critical approach to this concept with a view to revealing its full scope, which seems to be hidden, either consciously or unconsciously, by technical experts as well as political or economic actors. The first part of this research work is based upon the discursive analysis of a compendium of bloggers’ postings in order to characterise the way “Web 2. 0” is viewed by bloggers. Two major arguments support this representation, namely increasing participation to the creation of content and power seizure by Internet surfers. The second part puts both arguments to the test by studying the workings of a given community, then the “success” of “Web 2. 0” through what is referred to as “simultaneity paradox” by physicists. Lastly, this work proposes a political insight into “web 2. 0” by putting it back into perspective and by shedding light on the manner in which it is giving rise to a shift in prerogative from politicians to private actors in the Internet industry
Blondeau-Coulet, Olivier. "Les orphelins de la politique et leurs curieuses machines : expérimentations esthétiques, techniques et politiques à l'ère des réseaux". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006IEPP0012.
Testo completoFor a great many activists who have defected from the traditional forms and spaces of militantism - the "orphans of politics" - the Internet appears as a space for experimentation wherein new forms of collective action can be invented and new causes emerge. By elaborating "machines", i. E. New socio-technical systems, these activists are not simply helping to "re-tool democracy", they are themselves becoming actors in the process of technical, political and media innovation. Because of its flexibility, its unfinished quality - one might even say it's ahead of its time - the Internet is indeed a meeting place for political, cultural technical and creative experimentation. Thus we show that these spaces of experimentation aim to renew not only the organisational structures or the range of possible actions, but also the politcal causes themelves and their regime of truth. The machines being invented today may do no more than help activists reformulate the issues involved in producing political projects of public interest without alienating one's personal subjectivity
Junger, Frédéric. "La mise en scène des personnels politiques sur les réseaux sociaux, relations et interactions dans les communautés d’administrés". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCH015.
Testo completoThis doctoral research in Communication Sciences focuses on the relationship between politicians and citizens in the context of digital social networks. The purpose of this research is to highlight the elements that contribute to the construction of the public image of a political figure in the digital age and to see what the effects are on citizens. Our systemic approach is an observation conducted on online exchange platforms as well as on an analysis of corpus built on the basis of a collection of publications, on Twitter and Facebook in particular. The general question that guides our approach is: how do policies take place on digital networks and what the effects on other users are ? Our starting hypothesis is that the online presence of policies is not realized in a goal of exchange and interaction, despite the promises and opportunities offered by online devices. Our observations and analyzes show that there are different possibilities to question online relationships and interactions. On the one hand, in the use that policies make of this new tool of political communication, and on the other hand in the forms of citizen participation
Louizi, Khalid. "Analyse économique de l'entrepreneuriat social". Littoral, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DUNK0033.
Testo completoLanéelle, Xavière. "Les migrations alternantes : stratégies et contraintes économiques et sociales". Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0072.
Testo completoThe T. G. V. Commuter, hero of a contemporaneous myth, has nevertheless a partially limited route. The shuttle is expensive in the monetary, temporal and social sense, which threatensthe territorial bond without permitting an anchorage in the city of work. His constraints are noticeable in the evolution of the configuration of his social relationships and in his environmental investments. The commuter may envisage a rerooting. This project leaves its mark on the social network accompanied by a reinforcement of the social integration in the relevant city. However, the majority of the commuters adopt a project of dynamic long-term settlement. The commuter is mobile in order not to migrate, which permits him to continue to affirm a provincial identity. The environmental investment as well as the creation of social relationships in the environment of the T. G. V. Permit him to benefit from the resources of the territory in which he circulates composed of the three environments lived in
Cao, Yaofu. "Modélisation du contexte social : application aux réseaux opportunistes". Thesis, Troyes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TROY0002/document.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with the dynamic adaptation of context-aware applications using information related to the social environment of users to enrich the service rendered by the applications. To achieve this goal our contribution mobilizes multidimensional modeling of the different levels of social contexts, especially the weight of the relationship between the actors. Particularly, we synthesize not only social contexts related to familiarity but also social contexts reasoned from the similarity of static and dynamic communities. Two models based on respectively graphs and ontologies are proposed in order to satisfy the heterogeneity of the social networks in real life. We use the actual data gathered on online social networking services for conducting experiments and the results are analyzed by checking the effectiveness of the models. In parallel we consider the point of view of the application, and we present two algorithms using social contexts to improve the strategy of transmission of data in the opportunistic network, particularly countermeasure against selfish nodes. The simulations of real scenarios confirm the advantages of introducing social contexts in terms of success rate and delay of transmission. We carry out a comparison with other popular transmission algorithms in the literature
Wang, Yan, e Yan Wang. "Le choix de l'entrepreneuriat chez les travailleurs qualifiés d'origine chinoise dans la région de Québec : une étude exploratoire sur leurs réseaux". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37767.
Testo completoLa présente recherche en ethnologie et patrimoine s’intègre dans le courant de la recherche sur l’entrepreneuriat. S’appuyant sur les théories de l’immigration et de l’interculturalité, cette thèse vise à mieux comprendre le processus d’intégration au marché du travail chez les immigrants d’origine chinoise. En observant les dynamiques d’entrepreneuriat chez les participants, nous mettons en lumière leur développement de réseaux locaux, ethniques, transnationaux d’une part et, d’autre part, les perceptions qu’ils ont sur leurs choix professionnels et sur leurs modes de réseautage. Les caractéristiques et les trajectoires des individus, les motivations pour créer ou reprendre une entreprise, les fonctions de réseaux et le phénomène d’immigration en région font partie des dimensions d’analyse qui soulèvent des questions théoriques en matière d’intégration socioprofessionnelle, d’entrepreneuriat et de réseaux sociaux. La méthodologie adoptée s’appuie sur le parcours de vie, les entrevues semi-dirigées et l’analyse de contenu. La recherche a aussi fait appel à la réalisation de cartes de réseaux afin de mieux connaître le développement et le changement de réseaux de dimensions diverses durant le processus d’entrepreneuriat chez les immigrants d’origine chinoise. La démarche d’analyse se fait en deux parties. Dans un premier temps, on fait ressortir les trajectoires migratoires des entrepreneurs immigrants ainsi que leurs stratégies d’intégration professionnelle. Puis, le processus d’entrepreneuriat et le développement de réseaux sociaux durant la création ou la reprise de l’entreprise sont analysés. Cette étude se fondant sur des récits et des entrevues des participants permet aussi de connaître les ressources diverses auxquelles les créateurs et repreneurs d’entreprise font appel. Enfin, on constate qu’il existe des différences entre les créateurs et les repreneurs d’entreprise concernant leur capital humain, leurs réseaux sociaux et leurs façons de gérer l’entreprise. On voit qu’il est nécessaire que les instances gouvernementales et paragouvernementales prennent connaissance des différents besoins des immigrants entrepreneurs afin de mettre en place des politiques et des mesures favorables à l’épanouissement des immigrants entrepreneurs.
Canada and Quebec are searching for a large number of immigrants to ensure their demographic, economic and social development. That is the case in the Quebec City region, where the workforce is in high demand due to the aging of the population. By observing the socioprofessionnal dynamics of Chinese skilled workers, the thesis aims to better understand their professional choice in the local labor market and their tactics used to promote their integration. This research seeks to better understand the work search path of Chinese immigrants, their decision to undertake a business project, and the place that they give to social network when they begin their creation or takeover of their company / companies. The methodology adopted in this research is based on life course, the semi-directed interview and the qualitative analysis. The network map is also used to learn about the development of the network, a strategy adopted by Chinese immigrants during the entrepreneurship process. The analysis is divided in two parts. As a first step, the different strategies to enter into Quebec’s labor market from immigrant newcomers are highlighted. Then, the entrepreneurship process and the social network development during the creation and the takeover of the company are analyzed. The trajectories and the characteristics of the individuals, their motivations to undertake a business affair, and the phenomenon of immigration in region are part of the subjects which raise theoretical questions with regard to integration, entrepreneurship and social network. This study, based on stories and interviews of participants, also reveals the diverse resources that business creators and buyers use. Finally, there are differences between creators and buyers of businesses regarding their human capital, their social networks and their ways of running the business. It is necessary for government and para-government bodies to become aware of the different needs of immigrant entrepreneurs in order to put in place policies which contribute to the development of immigrant entrepreneurs.
Canada and Quebec are searching for a large number of immigrants to ensure their demographic, economic and social development. That is the case in the Quebec City region, where the workforce is in high demand due to the aging of the population. By observing the socioprofessionnal dynamics of Chinese skilled workers, the thesis aims to better understand their professional choice in the local labor market and their tactics used to promote their integration. This research seeks to better understand the work search path of Chinese immigrants, their decision to undertake a business project, and the place that they give to social network when they begin their creation or takeover of their company / companies. The methodology adopted in this research is based on life course, the semi-directed interview and the qualitative analysis. The network map is also used to learn about the development of the network, a strategy adopted by Chinese immigrants during the entrepreneurship process. The analysis is divided in two parts. As a first step, the different strategies to enter into Quebec’s labor market from immigrant newcomers are highlighted. Then, the entrepreneurship process and the social network development during the creation and the takeover of the company are analyzed. The trajectories and the characteristics of the individuals, their motivations to undertake a business affair, and the phenomenon of immigration in region are part of the subjects which raise theoretical questions with regard to integration, entrepreneurship and social network. This study, based on stories and interviews of participants, also reveals the diverse resources that business creators and buyers use. Finally, there are differences between creators and buyers of businesses regarding their human capital, their social networks and their ways of running the business. It is necessary for government and para-government bodies to become aware of the different needs of immigrant entrepreneurs in order to put in place policies which contribute to the development of immigrant entrepreneurs.
Trémoulinas, Alexis. "Le football informel d'esplanade : une étude de sociabilité sportive dans la France du début du XXIe siècle". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0023.
Testo completoHow sport interfere with race ? Several parts of my PhD dissertation are in-depth studies of these very issue. The inquiry I made in France, especially in Saint-Etienne, made race central to my thinking about the possibilities for justice in the civil sphere. Race is a difficult topic, especially for French social scientists, because it brings back several parts of our history many people want to conceal. Since a recent date, the ideas of the time had it that it was forbidden to talk about race, class and religion in France and their relationships. Several problems are indeed intertwined when we look at these issues: in an imbalanced society such as French one, it is however obvious that people from certain countries suffer from several discriminations. My results are clear : unless it was not a conviction first but my real observations won over me to the conclusion that lines, especially racial ones are sharpening in France. Race, social order and democracy are linked together into issues I have dealt with through my study of soccer games. It is not only about scientific knowledge of society. Moreover, even if sociology does not belong to politics, it addresses issues which must be addressed if we are to live in peace with those unlike ourselves. I believe one can understand civil unrest for example through such objects as informal soccer games. Why they are safety waves for those players, in a context of racial strives and fragmentation of the working classes ? How these players settle their disputes ?
Gonzàlez, Reynoso Arsenio Ernesto. "La construction sociale de la réalité hydraulique au Mexique (1951-2010) : champs sociaux, réseaux et représentations territoriales en conflit". Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0046.
Testo completoThe relationship between the individual and the water is a complex mediation made up of institutions and discourses. In this thesis, two aspects of this institutional and discursive mediation are studied: 1) The transformation of dominant common sense in the bureaucratic field of water policy, and 2) the representations of the territory that go with the actions of bureaucratic and social agents of water supply in Mexico City. In the first part we study the trajectories of bureaucratic agents that reformed the hydraulic national institution from 1975 to 1989. It is considered that the discursive formation and the network that drove the reforms are two sides of the same coin and both of them express the change in the field of water policy. This reform was not important in the adoption of the neoliberal perspective, but especially in the recovery of the autonomy of the water sector. The resulting discursive formation is the common sense today. The second part examines the representations of territory built from different positions of the geopolitical field defined by water supply to Mexico City. Conflicts over water appropriation translate into textual, verbal, cartographic or pictorial representations. In the first part we study an institutional and discursive transformation, and the trajectories of the dominant agents of a national bureaucratic field. The second part deals with the speeches and positions in a geopolitical field where the agents dispute the ownership of the water that supplies the capital city and its metropolitan area
Entre el individuo y el agua hay una compleja mediación formada por instituciones y lenguajes. En esta tesis se estudian dos aspectos de esa mediación institucional y discuriva: 1) La transformación del sentido común dominante en el campo burocrático de la política hidráulica nacional y 2) Las representaciones del territorio que acompañan las acciones de los agentes burocráticos y sociales para abastecer de agua a la Ciudad de México. En la primera parte se estudian las trayectorias de los agentes burocráticos que reformaron la institución hidráulica nacional de 1975 a 1989. Se considera que la formación discursiva y la red reformadora son dos caras de la misma moneda y ambas expresan la modificación del campo de las políticas del agua. Esta reforma consistió no tanto en la adopción de la perspectiva neoliberal, sino sobre todo en la recuperación de la autonomía del sector hidráulico. La formación discursiva resultante es el sentido común actual. En la segunda parte se estudia la gama de representaciones del territorio construidas desde diferentes posiciones del campo geopolítico definido por el abastecimiento de agua a la Ciudad de México. Los conflictos por la apropiación del agua se traducen en representaciones texuales, verbales, cartográficas, pictóricas. En la primera parte se estudia una mutación institucional, discursiva y de las trayectorias de los agentes dominantes de un campo burocrático nacional. En la segunda parte se estudia la diferencia entre los discursos y posiciones en un campo geopolítico conflictivo donde se disputa la apropiación del agua con la que se abastece la capital del país y su zona metropolitana. Palabras clave : política del agua, campo burocrático, reforma institucional, conflicto por el agua, cuenca hidrológica, geopolítica del agua, discurso, representacioness sociales
Gadek, Guillaume. "Détection d'opinions, d'acteurs-clés et de communautés thématiques dans les médias sociaux". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMIR18/document.
Testo completoOnline Social Networks have taken a huge place in the informational space and are often used for advertising, e-reputation, propaganda, or even manipulation, either by individuals, companies or states. The amount of information makes difficult the human exploitation, while the need for social network analysis remains unsatisfied: trends must be extracted from the posted messages, the user behaviours must be characterised, and the social structure must be identified. To tackle this problem, we propose a system providing analysis tools on three levels. First, the message analysis aims to determine the opinions they bear. Then, the characterisation and evaluation of user accounts is performed thanks to the union of a behavioural profiling method, the study of node importance and position in social graphs and engagement and influence measures. Finally the step of user community detection and evaluation is accomplished. For this last challenge, we introduce thematic cohesion scores, completing the topological, graph-based measures for group quality. This system is then applied on two corpora, extracted from two different online social media. The first is constituted of messages published on Twitter, gathering every activity performed by a set of 5,000 accounts on a long period. The second stems from a ToR-based social network, named Galaxy2, and includes every public action performed on the platform during its uptime. We evaluate the relevance of our system on these two datasets, showing the complementarity of user account characterisation tools (influence, behaviour and role), and user account communities (interaction strength, thematic cohesion), enriching the social graph exploitation with textual content elements
Dubois, Fanny. "La dynamique des formes sociales et des savoirs entrepreneuriaux : le cas du marché du tourisme sportif". Toulouse 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU30149.
Testo completoOn the basis of interviews and of ethnographical observations realized with more than sixty professionals of sports tourism situated in Aveyron, the thesis consists of comprehending the resources necessary for the creation and for the development of the companies of sports tourism. Considering that the creation and the development of the companies of sports tourism are complex processes requiring a pluralistic approach, the contributions of the sociology of dispositions were combined to those of the sociology of careers and the sociology of the social networks. At first, we study the career of the managers of sports tourism; these last ones making a commitment at first in the " amateur's career ". Afterward, we analyse the processes of creation and development of companies, in connection with the individual careers, the resources mobilized by the actors and their access modes. Several analysis scales were considered in order to bring to light the dynamics of the social forms characterizing the market of the sports tourism
Cabane, Charlotte. "Pratique sportive et accès à l'emploi". Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010060.
Testo completoBerry, Vincent. "Les cadres de l'expérience virtuelle : Jouer, vivre, apprendre dans un monde numérique : analyse des pratiques ludiques, sociales et communautaires des joueurs de jeux de rôles en ligne massivement multi-joueurs : Dark Age of Camelot et World of Warcraft". Paris 13, 2009. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2009_berry.pdf.
Testo completoThis study analyzes the practice of French-speaking gamers of Dark Age of Camelot and World of Warcraft. Who are the players? What kind of game do they play? What meanings do they bring to their practices? Based on quantitative (questionnaires) and qualitative data (interviews and observations), the first part describes the gamer population in terms of age, gender and social class. Being a man or a woman, a teenager or an adult, being employed, a student or unemployed, being a fan of fantasy or not, a multitude of variables structure the gamers’ practices. Secondly, the activity is analyzed with respect to game and leisure theories. Being spaces of confrontations and make believe, MMOs are also “carnavalesque” universes allowing a certain loosening of social control. The third part analyzes the place of the game within social, family, parental and romantic life. For some gamers, the MMO is practised with "friends" in a cybercafe, after school. For others, it is a solitary practice, at night, upon finishing a “difficult day at work”. In other instances, it is a practice played by a couple, weekends only. Against the postmodern thesis of cyberspace as a process of “derealisation” of the world, social networks are constructed in the game and also in "real life". These social networks are moment of "socialization by friction" and "social experiences" which have effects on the construction of knowledge and the way that the gamers think of the social world. This study therefore shows how, by proposing "careers", these "game worlds" are spaces of informal learning but also of transformation of video-play habitus and of new frame analysis
Irak, Dağhan. "Supportérisme et engagement politique sur les réseaux sociaux : cyber-ethnographie des supporters de football stambouliotes lors du mouvement protestataire de "Gezi"". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAG011/document.
Testo completoIn 2013, at Gezi Park of Istanbul, over a million people spontaneously started the largest protest movement in the history of Turkey. The fans of Istanbul’s three popular football clubs had an unprecedented engagement in these protests. Online social networks were one of the major channels where dissident expressions took place. This thesis aims to understand supporters’ reasons to participate in these protests and the political forms of their mobilization. Beyond football, this engagement is closely associated with a bundle of historical and social conditions and representations, linked with the “republican doxa.” A cyber-ethnography on Twitter that covers football supporters’ messages helps us trace the urban, secular and “modern” identity of these participants of Gezi, their relationship with politics and their allegiance to republican values
Ruel, Annie. "Le rôle du réseau relationnel dans la décision d'entreprendre une thérapie : perspectives des usagers du Centre de réadaptation Ubald-Villeneuve orientés vers le programme intensif". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26192/26192.pdf.
Testo completoZaraket, Sarah. "The influence of negative eWOM through social networking sites on consumer's cognitive, emotional and behavioral reaction". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E048.
Testo completoThe use of negative electronic word of mouth (eWOM) on social networking sites (SNS) has been known to have an impact on a brand’s image, thus it has attracted the attention of both professionals and researchers. Nevertheless, despite the rise of social networking sites as new form of negative eWOM, researchers on the topic are still scarce. The objective of this research is to analyze the impact of negative eWOM generated on SNS on user’s online and offline reactions. Based on a literature review and a qualitative study, a unified negative eWOM processing model was elaborated that brings the notion of the dual message characteristics into the picture and considers the negative eWOM processing through the perspective of cognitive (perceived credibility) and affective paths (negative emotions generated) and their informational (message characteristics) and relational antecedents (tie strength). The model included four behavioral reactions as endogenous constructs (non purchase intentions, WOM retransmission, eWOM retransmission and eWOM adoption). Data was collected through an online survey and analyzed through structural equation modelling. Results show that tie strength, affective and cognitive message characteristics significantly impact user’s cognitive and affective internal states. In turn, these internal states influence consumer’s purchasing decisions in terms of negative eWOM adoption and avoidance behaviors. Theoretical and managerial implications are tackled as well as the limits and future research suggestions
Bauler, Claire. "Nourrir la communauté : analyse du lien social dans deux cuisines collectives au Nunavik". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27647.
Testo completoThis research project aims to study the social function of the community kitchen in the northern context of Nunavik. Community kitchens can be viewed as a strategy for combatting food insecurity, but also as a gathering place for the community where participating members learn to cook, share experiences and socialize. While many scientific articles have dealt with this phenomenon in major Canadian cities and in South America, we decided to study the subject in the context of Inuit communities, thus making a contribution to the existing literature on this topic. We conducted a one-month empirical research in the Nunavik communities of Kangiqsualujjuaq and Kuujjuaq. Besides participating in the community kitchen, we conducted semi-directed interviews with its coordinators and its participants. The results show that the community kitchen in Nunavik is conducive to the creation of social relations among its members. The initiative can therefore be considered as a means of building and strengthening social bonds and social cohesion in Nunavik communities.
Roy, Véronique. "Le rôle atténuateur du soutien social dans l’effet du stress sur le fonctionnement immunitaire et les infections chez des femmes traitées en chimiothérapie pour un cancer du sein". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69243.
Testo completoRoy, Véronique. "Le rôle atténuateur du soutien social dans l'effet du stress sur le fonctionnement immunitaire et les infections chez des femmes traitées en chimiothérapie pour un cancer du sein". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69243.
Testo completoJourdheuil, Romain. "Le rôle des émotions morales dans l'analyse des dilemmes sociaux : la gratitude au coeur des relations entre agents économiques". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0296/document.
Testo completoThis thesis studies the role of moral emotions in the decision making of agents when they face asocial dilemma. The first two chapters present a large literature review, which gathers research inexperimental economics, in social psychology and in the management of organizations, in order to delineatethe way moral emotions, and specifically gratitude, are able to influence the economical decision process. Inthe third chapter, through a review of works in the field of behavioral economics, we take an interest in theprogressive integration of moral emotions into economic modeling. We thus show how this integration, whichis concurrent with the emergence of social preferences models, allows agents' decision-making processes to berepresented in a more realistic way, in situations where the behaviors that are observed empirically challengean egoistic and materialistic vision of people. In chapter four, the public good game is presented in detail,along with the main experimental results associated with it, in order to understand why this game suits theformal analysis of moral emotions' influence. Finally, our work culminates in the development of an originalmodel in behavioral economics, during chapters five and six, which aims at assessing how the emergence ofmoral emotions can influence, both statically and dynamically, the strategic choice of individuals in the publicgood game, and how the introduction of a reward phase can promote cooperation and help individuals todevelop good interpersonal relationships
Ventoso, y. Font Annick. "Se décider avec et pour d'autres : une approche paradoxale de la prise de décision : perspectives herméneutiques". Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU1009.
Testo completoThe research interrogates about the decisions reached in consultation by teachers and the interveners of the French Network of Specialized Aides for Pupils with Problems (R. A. S. E. D. ) in order to offer “responses to the different needs of pupils with school problems” (Circular of 30th of April 2002). The specificity of this type of action is to decide “with” others “for” others who are quite often excluded from the deliberation. Considering in this manner the collective decision process in the viewpoint of otherness interrogates about the rationality of the decision-making act through the discursive interaction which actualises it and puts it into an institutional and social environment. The discursive, qualitative and pragmatic analysis methodology is based upon the recording of a consultation between teachers and members of a network of specialized aides. The theoretical foundations of this modelling focus on the psychical construction of the decision process (S. Lupasco, D. Hofstadter…) and on the language interaction on which the collective consultation is based (E. Benveniste, JL. Austin, M. Bakhtine, P. Ricoeur, CS. Peirce, JB. Grize, C. Kerbrat-Orecchioni…). At the conclusion of this reflection emerges a reflexive decisional interpretation model which is liable to integrate the paradoxical confusion of the debate and to reach a decision, that is to say to settle. The three decisional modalities developed by this dissertation defend decision procedures which are also times of listening and understanding of the “other” (pupil, teacher or parent) with respect to the autonomy of the individual (present and absent)
Dubois, Sébastien. "Un monde en archipels : socio-économie de la poésie contemporaine". Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0055.
Testo completoContemporary poetry is a marginal sector of the book market, and its confidentiality is commonplace. This sector of activity, being amongst the most prestigious, shows itself to be very active : the number of books published , actors or institutions, is growing. Poetry relies upon the density of the relationships between actors in order to make the works known, building a "world of art" ; a process of institutionalization supports all the actors. Identifying the conventions at work in contemporary poetry is not easy, due to the diversity of the creations recognized as poetry. This diversity drives poetry towards social forms that we could name archipelagos, as well as towards discussion and cooperation between the actors. The production as well as the distribution of works rests upon these structures. We see the emergence of a non-literary economy in poetry through the development of lectures and performances, creating a new market and an important source of income for poets, as very few make a living from their writing. The poets' trajectories, their singularity, come within the scope of the collective frame, from the discovery of poetry to its consecration. Poets have occupied the new space opened up by the Internet to distribute poetry and to create new kinds of works. The example of poetry illustrates how cultural sectors can do quite well, even if commercial success does not fit in with their cultural legitimacy
Chort, Isabelle. "Trois essais sur les migrations". Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0053.
Testo completoThis dissertation presents three studies on migration. Chapter 2 examines the impact of migrant networks on the decision to migrate of Senegalese. Both family and community networks seem to positively affect migration, but the former appear to be destination-specific while the latter are not. Networks are also found more useful to women, and those households that are most deprived of socio-economic capital. In chapter 3, I study the influence of migrant networks in destination countries (France and Italy) on remittances behavior of Senegalese migrants. An illustrative model emphasizes the double nature of the network (supplier of services to the migrant, means of communitation), that seems to be exploited by the origin household to control part of migrants' remittances. Ln chapter 4, I use Mexican panel data to compare individuals' intentions to migrate to the materialization of their plans, in order to shed a new Iight on the two-stage selection process of Mexican migrants. The classical Roy model of self selection is here adapted to intentions to migrate. Under the assumption that intentions are rational, different motives for the non-materialization of migration plans are empirically explored: exogenous shocks or omitted constraints. Estimation results show that climatic shocks (rainfall, hurricanes) affect the probability to migrate. However, some constraints, in particular due to gender, seem to predominate: women are found to migrate less, conditional on their initial intentions
Trainoir, Marianne. "Ethnographie des pratiques numériques des personnes à la rue". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20063/document.
Testo completoHomelessness is studied within two paradigms: the critical approach, which emphasizes the phenomena of social domination and the interactionist approach that underlines the successive adaptations that individuals implement. Those adaptations are studied through particular situations within which the "homeless" identity is built and a career takes shape. That career is looked at either as a un-socialization career or as a survival career in which self-preservation forms a daily and biographical perspective. In this context, working on issues such as "Getting off the streets" and "Home" paves the way for a renewed approach to self-preservation beyond situational facework. In this perspective, our ethnography of digital practices forms a practical support for self-preservation. Our fieldwork within social support structures shows that all the people surveyed, despite their heterogeneity, experience wandering as an intimate and social experience, and as a form of extreme precariousness which is lived between street and assistance, and marked by a self-weakening and an alteration of the capacity to look to the future. This experience is punctuated by many trials, gathered in a struggle for self-preservation. Self-preservation is then both a daily concern and a biographical question encompassing past, present and future temporalities. It is a work in the daily reality of survival but also through a memory work, selfpresentation, self-experimentation and self-projection. If the struggle against disengagement is almost invisible, digital practices offer a new approach for observation and analysis. Digital uses make it possible to access to rights and margins of autonomy. They also support friendship and family links. Between private and public life, digital uses allow homeless people to set up times and spaces to care about themselves. Eventually, our study also shows that digital uses create an ambivalent form of support: sometimes enabling, sometimes disqualifying. Indeed, it can turn against the subject, feeding identity crumbling and strengthening the solitude and unworthiness feelings
Poulin, Stéphanie. "Étude sur la violence et le support social chez les jeunes couples". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ55877.pdf.
Testo completoLaflamme, Valérie. "Vivre en pension : hébergement, logement, famille et réseaux de sociabilité à Québec au tournant du XXe siècle". Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0071.
Testo completoBoarding is a form of temporary housing well spread in Quebec City at the turn of the XXth century. After studying the characteristics of the boarders, the author insists on the importance of sociability networks in an urban context. The second part offers an analysis of those who accommodated boarders and of the boarding houses. Boarding, as shown, was neither a secondary or marginal way of living. It held an essential place in the housing offer and was available to all. Its structure permitted integration and also served for tourist and commercial purposes. More generally, boarding was a response to a city in transition. But it was considered as a cold and anonymous universe and scared the social reformers. However, these perceptions are in profound discordance with the practices of Quebec city's inhabitants. The main access to the boarding phenomenon has been through the exploitation of the Canadian censuses of 1891 and 1901
Mesclier, Évelyne. "Les paysans face au marché dans des situations d'instabilité : étude comparative dans les Andes du Pérou". Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA070059.
Testo completoMechelfekh, Messaouda. "L'Islam spirituel contemporain au travers d'Internet : interactions, modélisation et prospective". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAC020.
Testo completoIn this digital era, society is undergoing radical changes. Internet and other information technology are having major and growing repercussions on most societal components, including religion. Muslim spirituality, a component of the world’s cultural heritage, is also involved in this frantic digitalisation. Thus social networks, discussion forums and mobile Internet access are influencing the path Sufism is taking. The challenges facing it are multiple. Analysing them and putting into perspective modern, spiritual Islam through the Internet enables us to better grasp the links between spirituality and virtuality, between technology and religion, and at the same time glimpse at new, interdisciplinary fields of research. Beyond spirituality, we explore the parallels that can be made between the Internet and activities including initiation, support, training or apprenticeships
Poupin, Perrine. "Action de rue et expérience politique à Moscou : une enquête filmique". Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0050.
Testo completoWhat happens when people gathering for a demonstration in Moscow? What kind of local and moral order is done by the participants and the organisers? To answer these questions, the thesis analyzes public campaigns organized by three protest coalitions (inter-organizational alliances) in Moscow in the late 2000s. These public experiences emerged after the beating of young people by police in Moscow in April 2008, the double political murder of lawyer Stanislav Markelov and journalist Anastasia Baburova in January 2009 and arrests in August 2010, as part of a struggle against a motorway construction through the Khimki forest, in the northern suburbs of Moscow. This case study builds on an ethnographic approach using a video camera. Firstly, research has sought to analyse public experiences of demonstration in Moscow. Special attention given to the dynamic, located and negotiated character of the actions allows to examine effects of police, urban and activist dispositifs on protest action. We understood the repertoire of actions and the quality of protest experiences in the course of action during protest events and in work organization within coalitions. Conceived as plural, open and civic, coalitions constitute an otherness practical test for activist groups which are rather closed in themselves: they are great places to experiment democracy and, for researchers, to think about its practical conditions. To explore the meaning of protest experiences in all of its aspects, an online ethnography of narratives and pictures diffused online by activists on political action was also conducted. It has thus been able to identify practical modes that support localised public spaces and political communities' formation, and obstacles to it, in a country where activism is a high-risk activity
Charmarkeh, Houssein. "Pratiques médiatiques, usages des médias sociaux et trajectoires migratoires des Somaliens en France et au Canada". Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030099.
Testo completoTechnologies are omnipresent in our society, from social media, to satellite television and Internet broadcasting and shape the way we live, work, and interact. It has also transformed the international migration, making it possible for migrants to maintain strong ties between their host society and country of origin. Many studies have been conducted on the usage of ICT by migrants in the host country; however, there is limited research on the use of ICT by refugees during their migratory paths. This study focuses on the analysis of media practices and uses of social media by Somali refugees from Somalia to France (Rennes, Angers and Paris). In addition, this field survey is multi-sited and covers the relationship between the media practices and identity reconstruction of Somalis in two Canadian cities, Ottawa and Toronto. Despite the emergence of studies on the Canadian Somali community, very little research exists on the analysis of media practices Somalis, particularly in the domestic context. The methodological approach used in this study is based on an epistemological posture via the tools of critical ethnography and multi-sited. Critical ethnography aims to address the social and economic inequalities in which Somalis live in France and Canada. The results of this research show that the refugees, who are often labelled as being under-equipped with limited knowledge of computers, know how to use social media (Facebook, Youtube) and instant communication tools (Skype, MSN Messenger,VoIP) and information technologies and communication. We will also see how the collective use of YouTube videos, television and radio by Somalis in Canada and France has a complementary role to that of the institutions responsible for safeguarding the memory and transmission of cultural identity. The production and reception of video, radio and television broadcasts of the Somali community symbolize "traces" or efforts to rebuild Somalia. Through detailed analysis of media practices in the context of migration, this study seeks to contribute to the advancement of knowledge on the use of ICT by Somali refugees
Labow, Melissa Amber. "Perceived social support and psychopathology in patients following a traumatic brain injury". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67449.
Testo completoTraumatic brain injuries (TBI) are one of the leading causes of death and disability in adults. Following a TBI, it is common for individuals to experiences various sequelae, including mental health challenges and changes in social support, amongst others. The goals of this study were to describe the evolution of perceived social support over time and across injury severity levels, to explore socio-demographic variables and clinical variables associated with lower levels of social support at 24 months post-TBI and to verify whether social support measured at four months following TBI contributed to predict the presence of mental health disorders one to two years post-injury. A sample of 255 participants with mild to severe TBIs were included in the study. The results indicate that the total social support score does not change significantly over time or according to injury severity, however instrumental social support decreased from 4 to 24 months. TBI survivors with lower social support were more often unemployed or living alone. Finally, the total social support score evaluated four months after the injury contributed to predict the presence of mental health challenges at a two-year follow-up assessment. These results indicate the importance of including social support interventions in the recovery process of TBI patients.
Jones, Cindy. "Le développement du soutien social par les groupes de cuisine collective comme stratégie de promotion de la santé mentale". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34972.
Testo completoSince the last decades, collective kitchens are a phenomenon that has developed rapidly in the province of Quebec. They are a response to the limitations of traditional food aid services, more « assistance-based approaches », by working on developing the potential of individuals and communities in food security. Collective kitchen have become a way of intervention that goes well beyond food support. We hypothesized that collective kitchens have the potential to promote positive mental health, the psychological well-being of individuals through improved social support and at the same time improved health protective factors. This qualitative research focuses on the perception of participants in collective kitchens groups on the psychosocial effects of kitchens. This research also studies the factors facilitating the emergence of support dynamics in the collective kitchen groups. Two methods of data collection were used: the semi-structured interview with members of collective kitchens and the observation of five cooking groups. The results show that for a large majority of members the motivation to engage is a desire to reduce the social isolation in which they live. Overall, the collective kitchens favor social interaction, experience sharing, mutual aid, autonomy and self-esteem. However, the emergence of support dynamics is influenced by several factors: the role of group facilitator, the group climate, the sense of belonging and the group structure. The results show that by developing participants' personal and social skills, kitchen groups are an effective measure in promoting mental health. We suggest a variety of practice interventions to promote positive outcomes for participants. One of the suggestions is that social interactions between members should be strongly encouraged and promoted through moments of sharing in kitchens.
Pelletier-De, Rico Sarah, e Rico Sarah Pelletier-De. ""Porte tournante" à l'urgence et usagers fréquents rencontrant des problèmes de santé mentale : la perspective des proches". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38150.
Testo completoLe phénomène de la « porte tournante » dans les services d’urgence préoccupe nombre de gestionnaires et le grand public, mais surtout les usagers et leur famille. Plusieurs études s’attardent à décrire les caractéristiques de ces usagers qui consultent fréquemment dans les urgences. Étant donné que la santé mentale en est un enjeu important, ce mémoire s’intéresse aux usagers fréquents des urgences présentant des problèmes de santé mentale et donne la parole aux proches de ceux-ci. Cette étude exploratoire vise à répondre aux deux questions suivantes : quelles sont les vulnérabilités psychosociales des usagers fréquents des urgences selon leurs proches et quel regard ces derniers posent-ils sur cette situation. Afin de répondre à ces questions, huit entretiens semi-dirigés ont été réalisés auprès de proches d’usagers fréquents présentant des troubles de santé mentale de la région de Québec. Les vulnérabilités psychosociales des usagers dont nous ont parlé les proches concernent principalement des difficultés socioéconomiques, l’isolement social, ainsi qu’une santé précaire. Des patterns de consultation similaires permettent de mettre en lumière trois cas de figure chez les usagers examinés dans le cadre de cette recherche : les personnes âgées qui consultent pour des conditions liées au vieillissement ; les usagers qui se présentent pour des épisodes de crise en lien avec leurs troubles de santé mentale ; les individus qui fréquentent l’urgence pour des malaises physiques divers. Quant au regard des proches, les résultats concernent diverses difficultés rencontrées à naviguer dans le système de santé. Les proches interrogés se disent préoccupés par la situation des usagers et ont à coeur de s’impliquer, acceptant souvent de pallier le manque de services et de ressources. Ce mémoire vient appuyer le fait que les usagers fréquents ne peuvent être considérés comme une population homogène et qu’il est nécessaire de leur offrir des soins et services qui répondent à leurs besoins spécifiques ainsi qu'à ceux de leurs proches.
The "revolving door" phenomenon in emergency departments (ED) is preoccupying for many managers and the general public but especially for users themselves and their families. A number of studies have described the characteristics of these frequent users. Knowing that mental health is an important issue for many of them, this research takes a look at frequent users living with mental health issues and gives a voice to their families. This exploratory study seeks to answer two questions: what are the psychosocial vulnerabilities of ED’s frequent users according to their families and what are these families' perspectives on this subject. To answer these questions, eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with family members of frequent users living with mental health issues. Psychosocial vulnerabilities mentioned by family members were mainly regarding socio-economic difficulties, social isolation as well as precarious health. Three main patterns were also highlighted among the users examined in this research: elderly people visiting ED for motives due to aging; users consulting for crises related to their mental health troubles and people visiting the ED for a variety of physical complaints. Concerning the perspective of family members, results mainly show a variety of difficulties encountered trying to navigate through the health care system. Family members expressed being concerned with the users' situations and their willingness to help the users especially in a context of a lack of services and resources. This research supports the idea that frequent users should not be considered a homogeneous group and that it is necessary to offer them and their caregivers services adapted to their specific needs.
The "revolving door" phenomenon in emergency departments (ED) is preoccupying for many managers and the general public but especially for users themselves and their families. A number of studies have described the characteristics of these frequent users. Knowing that mental health is an important issue for many of them, this research takes a look at frequent users living with mental health issues and gives a voice to their families. This exploratory study seeks to answer two questions: what are the psychosocial vulnerabilities of ED’s frequent users according to their families and what are these families' perspectives on this subject. To answer these questions, eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with family members of frequent users living with mental health issues. Psychosocial vulnerabilities mentioned by family members were mainly regarding socio-economic difficulties, social isolation as well as precarious health. Three main patterns were also highlighted among the users examined in this research: elderly people visiting ED for motives due to aging; users consulting for crises related to their mental health troubles and people visiting the ED for a variety of physical complaints. Concerning the perspective of family members, results mainly show a variety of difficulties encountered trying to navigate through the health care system. Family members expressed being concerned with the users' situations and their willingness to help the users especially in a context of a lack of services and resources. This research supports the idea that frequent users should not be considered a homogeneous group and that it is necessary to offer them and their caregivers services adapted to their specific needs.