Tesi sul tema "Réseaux professionnels – Aspect économique"
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Diridollou, Cédric. "L' Emergence des marchés. Construction sociale, conventions et réseaux : le cas de l'édition numérique". Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA111009.
Testo completoCabane, Charlotte. "Pratique sportive et accès à l'emploi". Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010060.
Testo completoPoli, Raffaele. "Production de footballeurs, réseaux marchands et mobilités professionnelles dans l'économie globale : le cas des joueurs africains". Phd thesis, Besançon, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00924860.
Testo completoThis doctorate thesis in Human geography deals with the international trade and migration of African football players towards and within Europe through a relational theoretical framework. Through the case study of African footballers, the goal is to gain a better understanding of several ongoing mechanisms occurring in the context of the global economy, such as the new international division of labour, the emergence of global production networks and the segmentation of labour markets. The thesis pleads for taking into account the social embeddedness of the economic action and of social networks as fundamental analytical unity to understand the process of globalization
Bitouzet, Christine. "Le concept de communauté : un levier pour le développement du commerce électronique ? : Analyse et études de cas de la construction de l'offre de service en ligne". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EPXX0037.
Testo completoFeryn, Mathieu. "WHERE IS THE JAZZ ? Enjeux et axiologie de l'information jazzistique en France depuis le début des années 2000 : De l'hybridation des dispositifs info-communicationnels du jazz à leurs médiations formelles". Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG1190/document.
Testo completoThis thesis abandons the traditional essentialist approach to jazz (which can be summarized in the question "What is jazz"?) That has tapped a whole section of American sociology of the last fifty years from HS Becker to RA Peterson. It proposes, based on the theories of cultural studies and media-cultures, a spatial modeling of the information dynamics of the French jazz "milieu" by triangulation of their diffusion spaces and of their reception communities (which could materialize in the question: "Where is jazz?"). The plan is organized in three parts: the current jazz market in France (part 1), the players in this market (part 2) and the public (part 3). By adopting a multivariate approach, "in skein" (Passeron, 1990) but still spatialized, based on three categories of actors (programmers, musician, public), the thesis reconstitutes the steps of the information process on the value of the award-winning and disseminated musicians on the jazz market, produced in "hybrid forums" (Callon, 1999, Lascoumes, 2001). These forums bring together musician, experts and lay people in specialized media, forums for dialogical democracy, public and private spaces dedicated to listening (springboards, academies, cultural seasons, festival seasons and punctual events)
Rouger, Arnaud. "La régulation des championnats de sports collectifs professionnels : entre équilibre compétitif et équilibre concurrentiel". Limoges, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIMO0476.
Testo completoEl, Halabi Hai͏̈fa. "Les médicaments génériques : réglementation, comparaison des marchés américains et européens, impact sur les professionnels de santé français". Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P104.
Testo completoCreti-Bettoni, Anna. "Réseaux, innovations et croissance". Toulouse 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU10040.
Testo completoThis thesis analyses the impact of telecommunications on firms' productivity and organisation. The study is articulated around two research topics: one is mainly interested in micro-economic aspects (the theory of production and firms' organisation), while the second analyses a subject closer to macro-economic modelling (the technological progress). The thesis is composed by three principal papers: the first defines the starting point of my theoretical reflection, i. E. The modelling of the externalities of networks in the function of production; the second article analyses the relation between use of technologies of communication and firms' hierarchical organisation; finally, the third article studies the impact of telecommunications on total factor productivity and technical progress. These three papers are introduced by a review of the literature, describing the existing models on the principal topics we analyse. This review of the literature is organised in two parts. The first part focuses mainly on the competition models on firms offering goods likely to present the network externality effect; i. E. The additional value that a new subscriber brings to the community of the already existing subscribers. The second part analyses the literature on technological progress, and the most recent models on telecommunications infrastructure and growth. Two econometric works, one on telecommunications demand by firms, and the other on telecommunications and French national growth, are also presented as an illustration of the problems analysed, respectively, by the first and the second part of the thesis. Our thesis shows that the impact of telecommunications on the economy can be better analysed and measured at the micro-economic level than at the macro-economic level. The analysis of this missing link; is an interesting subject for further research
Assens, Philippe. "Les compétences professionnelles dans l' innovation : le cas du réseau des coopératives d' utilisation de matériel agricole, CUMA". Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10069.
Testo completoThrough the case of CUMA, this thesis is interested in the professional cooperation in the innovation by means of an approach based on the economy of competence
Baranès, Edmond. "Tarification, différenciation et concurrence dans les réseaux : une application au cas des télécommunications". Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010052.
Testo completoIn this thesis we study the competition between telecommunications networks in a normative and positive views. We analyse more precisely firm's strategies. The first part of this thesis studies the liberalization in telecommunications (chapter 1). We present a survey of network economy (chapter 2). The second part of this thesis analyses the network interconnection in the case of one way access. We present a model of vertical differentiation in which the incumbent is vertically integrated. We study the strategy of the incumbent when he is faced with competitor in dowstream market (chapter 3). The chapter 4 present a model in wich we examine the strategic aspect of qualities choices. The next part of this thesis studies the network structure in dowstream. We examine network interconnection in a two way access with network externalities (chapter 5). The chapter 6 analyses the effects of congestion on network competition
Chaix, Pierre. "Analyse économique du rugby professionnel en France". Grenoble 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE21025.
Testo completoAllain, Bernard. "Des jeux de balle traditionnels au rugby professionnel : histoire d'une domination économique et politique des corps". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS023S.
Testo completoWhy did rugby turn professional more than a century after its football counterpart ? In order to understand such a time-lag, we shall evoke the history of ball games and that of their practitioners. They will tell us about the emergence of the two sports as the result of conflicts and struggles between social groups for the political, economic and symbolic domination of each of the two practices. Despite the split involved by this choice in 1895, the people in charge of rugby opted for an amateur ethos and thanks to various protections created by their institution or not, they managed to impose it, at least apparently. But in response to the inapplicability of that outdated dogma the “amateurisme marron” settled locally and rugby gradually unofficially made its production mode similar to that of the capitalistic society. The rationalization of its body production would both be the cause of its turning professional and its main consequence
Bourg, Jean-François. "Contribution à une analyse économique des marchés du sport professionnel : une mise en perspective théorique et empirique". Limoges, 2012. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/a15de467-f478-4432-a12a-a7344c4c44f2/blobholder:0/2012LIMO1001.pdf.
Testo completoOver the last twenty years, the restructuring of top-level sport around the principles and mechanisms of the global market has been on an unprecedented scale. That is why we now describe the economic relationships that govern the sports system as the sports industry, in which the supporter has become a consumer, the club a brand, the sportsman a professional and sport itself a commodity. There are three economic dynamics that structure contemporary professional sport (labour, spectacle and lobalisation) and which open up market markets. In order to understand sport, which is made up of both an economic sector and a field of economic analysis, it is necessary to link sports economics to economics instruments. We have, for example, therefore studied the following: wage ratio and generating Superstar revenue in these celebrity markets; homo oeconomicus v homo sportivus for drug use; the two markets of televised sport and welfare economics; sporting and market globalisation and its informal economy; the interactions between economic development and sporting performance; the organisational models of team sports; and the concept of sport as a global public good
Lamarche, Thomas. "Réseau universel et réseaux spécifiques : fondements et métamorphose des stratégies d'offre de télécommunications". Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070084.
Testo completoThe history of the formation and modification of telecommunications rests on a dichotomy between the universality of network infrastructure, and the emerging demand for specific services. The structuring of the telephone service as an universal network, and the questioning of its monopolistic industrial structure are followed by modification of the economic concepts chosen to describe telecommunications: the theory of natural monopoly and the theory of contestable markets are cited in turn, to justify (even ratify) the failure of the market and the changing nature of competition. The emergence of qualitative differentiation in telecommunications brings with it the questioning first of monopoly, then of universality. The multiplication of services and the spread of savoir-faire provokes a reorganisation of the productive elements which induces a transtitional strategy of cooperation. If the development of specific networks allows the use of telecommunications to competitive advantage, the consequence is a network fragmentation which reduces the efficiency in the sector. The failure of the hegemonic strategy of an integrated network with universal access leads to the reform of french telecommunications the organization of telecmmunications shows a new logic where the coordination is established amongst a plurality of players. Falling between a restricted monopoly and an assumed competition, france telecom becomes a competitive player, justifying the reduction of its public service mission. Control and regulation, no longer the exclusive province of france telecom, give a weaker framework. The number of suppliers increases (network and service suppliers) and standardisation is the subject of a cooperative and competitive game, aiming to provide qualitative differentiation without violating network compatibility
Louizi, Khalid. "Analyse économique de l'entrepreneuriat social". Littoral, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DUNK0033.
Testo completoKrieger, Etienne. "L' influence respective de la confiance et des approches instrumentales dans l'évaluation des nouvelles entreprises : une application aux professionnels du capital-investissement". Paris 9, 2001. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2001PA090026.
Testo completoGrandadam, David. "Des réseaux, de la créativité et du jazz". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/GRANDADAM_David_2008.pdf.
Testo completoCreativity is now considered as a powerful economic tool, relying on the activity of many different individuals. Indeed, the creative process does not originate from the talents of isolated geniuses, as it is often described. Rather, creativity results from the joint efforts of an important community, sharing the same beliefs, and embedded in a large cooperative network, in which each member is influenced by others and contributes in his own way to support the development of new ideas. The community structure therefore plays a major role in defining how individuals have access to a variety of resources. In order to illustrate these thoughts, we analyze the jazz world. Accordingly, we constructed the network of collaboration among different artists, by relying on the recording sessions of several labels. The aim of this study is to characterize the mechanisms which may explain the emergence of a specific network architecture, as well as its evolution in time. We show that the community structure can be directly related to the label’s strategy, and therefore has major effects on the creative process and on the economic performance of the system in general
Hayel, Yezekael. "Tarification des réseaux à différenciation de services". Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S094.
Testo completoDeroian, Frédéric. "Morphogenèse et structure des réseaux sociaux : une application à l'économie de l'innovation". Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX24001.
Testo completoChabchoub, Najoua. "Externalités, complémentarités et concurrence dans les réseaux : application aux secteurs des télécommunications et du transport aérien". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010015.
Testo completoDermit-Richard, Nadine. "La légitimité de la régulation financière des championnats professionnels de sports collectifs : le cas du championnat professionnel de football en France". Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUEL492.
Testo completoA system of financial regulation in professional team sports championships was established in France in 1990. It is implemented by a regulation body which has the power to compel professional team sport clubs to restrict incurring their expenses to their financial resources, thus securing their solvency for the next season. This contradicts strongly two guiding principles of liberal capitalist economies : freedom of management and acceptance of a resulting risk for the investor. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis has consisted in examining the legitimacy of this regulation system. Professional football championships, from which it stems, have been used as investigation ground. As a conclusion, this financial regulation system is considered as legitimate in its three dimensions (original, organic and operational) by all the actors of the regulated market
Saliba, Tarek. "Les enjeux économiques et sociaux d'internet : le changement organisationnel des entreprises de la net-économie". Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIE0051.
Testo completoGuérin, Frank. "Emergence de la quasi-organisation : le cas de la place portuaire". Le Havre, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LEHA0055.
Testo completoPanhuys, Bertrand. "Spectacle sportif, droits de retransmission et équilibre compétitif : le choix d'un modèle d'organisation : l'exemple du basket professionnel". Limoges, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIMO1008.
Testo completoThe arrival of the media in sports activity has modified market mechanisms and consumer habits. By transforming production means and creating new outlets (increase in cable and digital TV network), mass media firms have changed sport into a TV product and a vector of communication which attracts many more financial partners. This evolution has led to a change in the relationship between the media and the sports organizations, becoming more complex because of the increase in sport events and increases coasts of broadcasing rights. Faced with the power of these new actors who want to manage the whole supply chain, from the product's creation to its distribution, sport as a whole is in danger, as is the competitive sport balance that the organizations try to preserve. It is thus necessary to consider new management models to guarantee the principles of equity and uncertainty unique to sport. Basketball, which has a modern and dynamic image, is a good imustration of this kind of problem and a way to show the differences between several production systems of sports entertainment
Scelles, Nicolas. "L'incertitude du résultat, facteur clé de succès du spectacle sportif professionnel : l'intensité compétitive des ligues : entre impacts mesurés et effets perçus". Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2061.
Testo completoThe economic literature on professional sport establishes a strong link between uncertainty of outcome and public demand (Andreff, 2008; Neale, 1964; Rottenberg, 1956). It corresponds to competitive balance concept. In the continuity of previous studies, this thesis starts from the following statement: under a set of sports rules, it must be envisageable to optimize the spectacular character of competitions and so public demand in favorising uncertainty of outcome, reversals and the existence of stakes. These three elements determine competitive intensity (CI) concept. The problem consists in wondering about rules which allow optimizing CI of professional sports leagues and the feasibility of their setting up considering leagues and clubs officials perception. Quantitative results reveal the clear-sightedness of specific rules: at the intra-match state, bonus systems lead to a stronger outcome uncertainty; at the intra-championship state, the existence of a greater number of ranks with stakes (playoffs, qualifying ranks for continental competitions, relegations) allow concerning more teams in regular season. Nevertheless officials’ interviews make perceived brakes about the introduction of these rules (illegibility of bonus systems, qualification of a too great number of teams in playoffs questioning the sports merit or even the posture of the regular season, economic risk related to relegations). Consequently CI optimization must integrate these constraints
Trachman, Mathieu. "Des hétérosexuels professionnels : genre, sexualité et division du travail dans la pornographie française (1975-2010)". Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0052.
Testo completoThis study aims at uncovering the gender and sexuality logics underlying pornographic work in France since 1975. Focusing on heterosexual pornography, the author shows how these logics result in a sex and sexuality-based division of labor. Operating as entrepreneurs on a fantasies market, « professional » pornographers distance themselves from « amateurs » and undertake to capture male desires into moving pictures. However, a strictly business approach to pornographic work tends to eclipse its sexual economy. Focusing on the latter, the study shows that the pornographer's profession is about accumulating sexual as much as economic capital and that actresses are the goods exchanged by pornographers. Furthermore, while pornography is defined as male and heterosexual, the study shows that actresses develop and claim an expertise in the direction of porn movies and that pornographers are ambivalent about male homosexuality. Finally, pornographic work exposes the contradictions of heterosexuality as a mode of categorization that implies an ordering of men and women sex roles and does not prevent the expression of homosocial desire
Bulatovic, Vladimir. "Les enjeux économiques de l'interconnexion des réseaux de télécommunications". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006104.
Testo completoAbdourazakou, Yann. "La régulation des droits sportifs de retransmission dans l' Union européenne : efficacité ou équité? : vers une économie politique des droits sportifs de retransmission". Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUEL487.
Testo completoDealing with political economics of professional sport, this thesis is willing to understand the regulation of sports broadcasting rights in the European Union. We refer to competition law and social justice theories to identify the reasons of an intervention through two classical criteria: efficiency and equity. Sports rights markets reveal an anticompetitive structure potentially affecting consumers’ welfare. National listing events refer to an immaterial cultural patrimony. One last argument relies on the existence of positive externalities justifying a free to air access. The regulation of sports rights markets illustrates the “economic” and “non economic” nature of sports rights that justifies a combination of an economic and cultural regulation
Faverie, Muriel. "Stratégies d'alliances et compétition technologique : le développement et la régulation des nouveaux réseaux d'information en question". Paris 13, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA131023.
Testo completoAccording to g. Thery (1994), to be economically and socially efficient superhigways requires the use of atm and optic fiber technologies, and standardization of the components between networks and services. Would these results be obtained by the technological competition that is already engaged? the theory of standardization proves that in each technological competition multiple equilibria could occur : an inferior product may be able to defeat a superior one or conversely - the succes is usually attributed not to any technical superiority but to the fact that a product is more and better supported than another one-; and standardization is a particular result of the process, non compatibility could arise too. In reference to a firm's competences theory and a definition of "based-competences" competition, actors' behaviors and strategies - of competitors, consumers, scientists, administrations. . . - are linked to the valorisation of the skills and knowledges they have already had ; they are path-dependent. These strategies of coherence extend the existing market segmentation from the past to the future, from the old markets to the new, and induce that the new technologies of convergence are more expensive to produce and to promote than most of available bitty solutions. Acquisitions, coordinations (in networks of firms) and non-standardization are the ways by which competitors protect and continue their strategy of coherence, indeed to turn their shumpeterian rent into market power. This research points out that the change of regulation of the sectors of information is not efficient when it refers to the contestable market principles. In another hand, this discussion focuses on the fact that the public action needs to be dual and challenge with two antinomic objectives: innovation and standardization
Vard, Patrick. "Éléments pour une analyse économique de l'organisation des marchés de titres". Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE0503.
Testo completoHelleu, Boris. "Régulation des ligues sportives professionnelles, une approche géographique : le cas du football européen (1975-2005)". Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUEL573.
Testo completoThe purpose of this study is to answer the following question : to what extent does the market of the professional football clubs trigger a lack of competitive balance ? Based on a crossed view between the geography of sports and the sport economics, this research deals with 18 domestic leagues and the European cups from 1975 to 2005. The results show that , in a context of commercialisation and deregulation of the activity, most of the big market teams strengthen their dominant position on a national as well as on a continental scale. Since sport experience is associated to the preservation of the uncertainty of outcome, such a report raises political issues : Does this phoenomenon correspond to reorganization of the parity which could lead to the creation of a closed league based on the North American model ?
Tchapga, Flavien. "L'ouverture des réseaux électriques des pays d'Afrique subsaharienne aux capitaux privés : Choix organisationnels et contraintes institutionnelles". Paris 13, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA131004.
Testo completoLoew, Guy-Lionel. "L' amateurisme dans la presse internationale : les jeux olympiques d'hiver de Sapporo 1972". Strasbourg 2, 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/LOEW_Guy-Lionel_2007.pdf.
Testo completoAt the time of the Winter Olympic Games of Sapporo 1972, the International Olympic Committee chaired by Avery Brundage (1952-1972) excluded the Austrian skier Karl Schranz because of his professionalism. This event concluded a debate of four years on the rule of eligibility of the IOC and, more particularly, on the question of amateurism. Athletes, sport leaders, journalists and the public authorities all took part in this debate. This work analyzes the speeches of nine daily newspapers coming from five different nations. 708 articles were investigated and constitute the base for this analysis. Together with these, the archives of the Olympic Museum and the Avery Brundage Collection were also consulted. The speeches of the daily newspapers on amateurism reflect marketing and nationalistic interests. The events surrounding the exclusion of Karl Schranz and the definition of Olympic values are reinterpreted throughout the Sapporo Games according to the interests and characteristics of each daily newspaper
Cimmino, Francesco Maria. "Essais sur la création d'une centrale électrique virtuelle pour les petites et moyennes entreprises". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0564.
Testo completoA PhD thesis "on the job" is a bridge between the academic and the economic world. In this thesis, these two worlds came together to provide solutions to Swiss companies that want to create virtual power plants (VPP). In order to be able to tackle the subject, I started the thesis by analysing the legislative aspects that have allowed the development of this technology, where the most important element is the "Winter pack" of the European Commission which define common rules to open the energy market. Then I focused on the explanations of the technical developments for the VPP, which are linked to the developments of the "Smart Grid" concept. The end of the introduction of my thesis is a short view on economic theories, which allows the reader to understand the structure of the financial markets where the VPP valuation is possible.After this introduction, which will enable the readers to become familiar with the subject, there are three scientific articles where I have analysed problems that companies are facing in this sector. The forecasting of energy demand, production, and secondary market prices.The articles have helped to address the issues by providing efficient forecasting methodologies in comparison with the literature; in addition, companies use some of these models.The methodologies to answer these issues come from the world of finance (ARMA, SETAR, Var) and machine learning (LSTM, GRU), but also from contributions from other disciplines such as marketing (MCA) and geostatistics (IWD)
Hamlaoui, Chahinez. "Modèles et algorithmes pour la gestion économique des ressources dans les réseaux interdomaines avec garantie de la qualité de services". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0013.
Testo completoIn this work we focus on the economy in inter-domain networks. Our contributions consist of modeling the pricing problems based on concepts of game theory and our results reside in theoretical results on the existence of equilibrium, and the design of distributed algorithms for achieving them. Thus, we introduce a new pricing strategy that allows to maximize profits of operators in a cooperative environment and another one that allows them to choose the best margins in a competitive environment. We also explored the pricing problem considering the problem of the quality of services guarantees for real-time applications. We propose a new model for resource management and we present the various policies that need distributed control, taking into account the expectations of operators
Chort, Isabelle. "Trois essais sur les migrations". Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0053.
Testo completoThis dissertation presents three studies on migration. Chapter 2 examines the impact of migrant networks on the decision to migrate of Senegalese. Both family and community networks seem to positively affect migration, but the former appear to be destination-specific while the latter are not. Networks are also found more useful to women, and those households that are most deprived of socio-economic capital. In chapter 3, I study the influence of migrant networks in destination countries (France and Italy) on remittances behavior of Senegalese migrants. An illustrative model emphasizes the double nature of the network (supplier of services to the migrant, means of communitation), that seems to be exploited by the origin household to control part of migrants' remittances. Ln chapter 4, I use Mexican panel data to compare individuals' intentions to migrate to the materialization of their plans, in order to shed a new Iight on the two-stage selection process of Mexican migrants. The classical Roy model of self selection is here adapted to intentions to migrate. Under the assumption that intentions are rational, different motives for the non-materialization of migration plans are empirically explored: exogenous shocks or omitted constraints. Estimation results show that climatic shocks (rainfall, hurricanes) affect the probability to migrate. However, some constraints, in particular due to gender, seem to predominate: women are found to migrate less, conditional on their initial intentions
Agapitova, Natalia. "Le rôle des réseaux sociaux dans la dynamique des systèmes d'innovation : les enseignements de la transition russe". Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT4001.
Testo completoYin, Yun. "Sοciοlοgie pοlitique de la prοfessiοnnalisatiοn du fοοtball en chine". Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN1015.
Testo completoThis work questions the world of sport and its unique methods of operation but more centrally, the football world which experiences a worldwide generalization of trickery or match rigging. We question the operation of the traditional Chinese society, but also the process that led the country into a totalitarian form now doubled with a liberal capitalist economy, so as to understand the development of professional football. The system of "Ju Guo" is an application that can be a political ideological apparatus within the Chinese state. This totalitarian system may well be interpreted as the role played by the (ISA) "Ideological State Apparatuses" described by Althusser. Then, by social change, and the restructuring of the Chinese society, the “strategic capitalistic apparatuses” (SCA) appear and replace the ideological state apparatuses. The standardization and generalization of the competition also allow the emergence and development of sport institution, the flourishing development of illegal bets and the implementation of mafia groups which, as recalled by Jean Ziegler, could form the final stage of capitalism. The latter would confirm Ziegler’s proposal: the mafia system would be the ultimate stage of capitalism and its expression in a sport model of generalized competition, as the ideal form of domination by productivity
Fontanel, Gautier. "Les transformations structurelles des clubs sportifs : recherche d'un cadre d'analyse approprié à leur gestion". Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2007_out_fontanel_g.pdf.
Testo completoThe thesis first raises the following question: is a sporting club a company ? Given the heterogeneitv of the federate competitive sporting clubs, there is no single answer. In the absence of an own framework of analysis and given the "Tradization" of the sport, we analyse the contrasted evolutions of the sporting clubs during the XXe century. The history is often revealing of the future. The search for an improvment of the management methods of the sporting clubs, whic represents the main objective of the thesis, ran up against the lack of conceptualization and the insufficient precision of the existing recommendations. From this report, a conceptual system founded on the Models of metamorphosis has been set up, in order to classify the various types of existing clubs and to put forward in a context of markets' enlarging, tlie close connections between the growth of the organizations and the resort to the values and the methods of business management. It is a question of drawing a picture of the profiles of sporting clubs so as to offer for each one of them some recommendations in keeping with their level of development. This field study related to sporting clubs within five popular sporting disciplines in France, namely Football, Rugby, Basketball, Handball and Hockey. On the whole, 28 sporting clubs have been questioned, on the basis of 20 significant characteristics of the level of a club development. After having highlighted five stages of development. The use of the characteristics makes it possible to show an unquestionable simultaneity of characteristics' qualities and to define, for each club its level of development. On the basis of this new conceptualization of the sporting clubs in their diversity and with the determination of catalysts that are useful and effective at each level of development, the research proposes to highlight the progressive changes of dimension of the clubs in order to develop an effective strategy taking into account thc possible crisis that a change of dimension can cause in the club's life. In short, the thesis proposes a new framework of analysis of the sporting clubs and an original topology based on their level of development. It shows a tendency of evolution of the clubs, from which business strategies can be suggested
Bento, Nuno. "La transition vers une économie de l'hydrogène : infrastructures et changement technique". Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENE005.
Testo completoThe double constraint of climate change and increasing scarcity of oil requires that we consider alternative energies for the medium term. This thesis focuses on the development of a hydrogen economy, which is conditional on the existence of an infrastructure for the distribution of the new fuel and the readiness of fuel cells. The main idea is that the state can play a central role in both infrastructure implementation and preparation of fuel cells technology. The thesis begins with a techno-economic analysis of the hydrogen-energy chain, which highlights the difficulty of setting up the infrastructure. The study of the development of electricity and gas networks in the past provides the empirical basis supporting the hypothesis that government can play an important role to consolidate the diffusion of socio-technical networks. In addition, private projects of stations may be justified by early-move benefits, although their financial viability depends on the demand for hydrogen which is in turn dependent on the performance of the fuel cell vehicle. The introduction of radical innovations, such as fuel cell, has been made more difficult by the domination of conventional technologies. This assertion is particularly true in the transport sector which was progressively locked into fossil fuels by a process of technological and institutional co-evolution driven by increasing returns of scale. Hence, fuel cells may primarily diffuse through the accumulation of niches where the innovation is closer to commercialization. These niches may be located in portable applications segment. Investments in research and demonstration are still necessary in order to reduce costs and increase performances of fuel cells. Using a simple model of multitechnological diffusion, we analyze the competition between the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle and the plug-in hybrid car for the automotive market. We show that an early entry of the latter may block the arrival of hydrogen in the market. Other than fuel cell preparedness, a mass diffusion of hydrogen requires a sufficient coverage of the supportive infrastructure. The continuation of public support for R & D, a carbon tax (tax or permits) and demand stimulation are measures capable of accelerating the entry of hydrogen in the market
Chanet, Jean-Pierre. "Algorithme de routage coopératif à qualité de service pour des réseaux ad hoc agri-environnementaux". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21745.
Testo completoDubois, Fanny. "La dynamique des formes sociales et des savoirs entrepreneuriaux : le cas du marché du tourisme sportif". Toulouse 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU30149.
Testo completoOn the basis of interviews and of ethnographical observations realized with more than sixty professionals of sports tourism situated in Aveyron, the thesis consists of comprehending the resources necessary for the creation and for the development of the companies of sports tourism. Considering that the creation and the development of the companies of sports tourism are complex processes requiring a pluralistic approach, the contributions of the sociology of dispositions were combined to those of the sociology of careers and the sociology of the social networks. At first, we study the career of the managers of sports tourism; these last ones making a commitment at first in the " amateur's career ". Afterward, we analyse the processes of creation and development of companies, in connection with the individual careers, the resources mobilized by the actors and their access modes. Several analysis scales were considered in order to bring to light the dynamics of the social forms characterizing the market of the sports tourism
Kang, Namjin. "L'influence des trains à grande vitesse sur l'organisation de l'espace français : L'exemple des lignes Sud-est et Atlantique". Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUEL256.
Testo completoThe analysis of the influence of high speed trains on the organization of the geographical space is a particularly complex problem. The impacts are numerous and very closely intertwined with human activities, and are thus very difficult to distinguish. At the same time, research which attempts to describe the decision processes involved is often unclear because these processes are indistinguishable or hidden. Research into the stakes in terms of the train network requires a good explanation. For this research, the french experience provides a very interesting basic study. Firstly it is interesting to study the poles which have been recently linked to the TGV, the stations concerned and then the sphere of influence in order to determine the precise impacts. Among the chosen towns, three (Lyon, Le Creusot and Mâcon) are on the first TGV line (1981), which allows an analysis of their evolution over fifteen years and three others (Tours, Le Mans and Vendôme) are on the more recent TGV line (1990), allowing analysis of their immediate effects. Then in order to assess the influence of the TGV in a wider context an overview of medium and large sized towns was under taken. The " TGV effect" (speed, frequency and suitable timetables) appear to be very polarized. It is dual branching of the rail network which has produced ruptures in geographical space and time. A wider vision of networks at all levels (regional, national and european) and of all natures (political, economic, technical and human) is essential and a coherent strategy must be established
Zaiter, Youssef. "Optimisation du design des réseaux de surveillance de la qualité de l'eau en maximisant la valeur économique de l'information". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAB006.
Testo completoThe work presented in this thesis consists in combining, for the first time, the two types of literature concerning water quality monitoring networks, the literature on physical optimization of networks and the literature on the economic value of information for a predefined network. We seek to optimize the design of the monitoring network by maximizing the economic value of the information. We are mainly interested in the spatial aspect of the monitoring network, more specifically the location of the monitoring stations. We call this method the economic optimization of the monitoring network. This means that the optimization of the monitoring network is not only based on physical or hydrological considerations, but also takes into account economic considerations. In this thesis, we study in particular the advantage of such an economic optimization compared to the traditional physical optimization
Dalmas, Laurent. "Rôle de la tarification dans une gestion efficace des ressources en eau : application à la demande résidentielle en eau potable des réseaux publiques slovaques". Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0056.
Testo completoThis study analyzes the effects of pricing upon the evolution of residential demand of water provided by public networks. The applied part of this study deals with the Slovak Republic, an economy in transition. The Slovak authorities recently decided to change the way of managing the public networks of water, symbolised until now by marginal cost pricing of this firm in a natural monopoly position generating losses, although this former pricing policy (thanks to the implementation of a cross-subsidies policy between groups of users) was meant to protect the residential consumers from the effects of transition. The econometrical analysis of Slovak residential water demand, carried out on two different samples (1994-1998 and 1999-2001), and using specific methods with panel data, reveals a low coefficient of price elasticity for each of them (respectively -0. 21 and -0. 41) in spite of a consistent rise. The first sample nevertheless reveals also a negative but surprisingly more important coefficient of income elasticity (-0. 53), whose origin could lie in the fact that the fast growth in the general standard of living would permit the households to renew a stock of electric household appliances which use less water. The analysis, also carried out in terms of income class reveals through both samples that the price elasticity of demand seems to decrease in direct relation to the level of income, thus meaning that the most modest consumers are the most sensitive to strong variations of prices, which originally aimed to balance the losses faced by the national public network company. These results are in contradiction with those drawn from the theoretical analysis upon the reactions of multifunction goods' demand, but which has been inspired by the observations based on the individual behaviours within a traditional market economy. Changes in water pricing policy is then potentially likely to worsen the social inequalities, without managing the resource in a more sustainable way and without developing the infrastructures in the most neglected rural areas
Plociniczak, Sébastien. "L' encastrement social des marchés : éléments théoriques et empiriques pour une analyse en termes de réseaux relationnels". Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA131021.
Testo completoDespite the core role played by market in economic theoretical frameworks, the market is still little addressed and finally remains a vague type at best equivoque. This thesis aims to contribute to a collective pattern devoted to the diversification of market analysis since the 70s. This collective pattern is the New Economic Sociology, founded and built on a central idea, i. E. The embeddedness. In the perspective of Karl Polanyi and Mark Granovetter’s works, the thesis intends thus to enlighten first the use of this idea as the necessary clarification does not occur until now. Then, it puts forward the fact that an analysis of markets may definitely benefit from a deeper understanding of the multilateral logic of relational networks. At last, on the based of main assumptions defined in this thesis, the robustness of the heuristic contractual model of the Transaction Costs Economics depicted by Oliver E. Williamson is assessed
Marquet, Miléna. "Les modèles d'ilôts/quartiers à système énergétique local bas carbone : fondamentaux techniques et économiques, conditions institutionnelles de mises en oeuvre et conséquences pour les modes de vie". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAE006/document.
Testo completoThe development of the neighborhood as a scale of a more sustainable urban development takes part in a period of awareness linked to climate change for which the European Union has implemented an energy transition policy. In this context, the eco-neighborhoods are structured around two key points in terms of energy: energy efficiency and energy supply. Energy efficiency, which encompasses the energy performance of buildings and the control of energy demand, is the spearhead of existing local energy transition policies. In contrast, the low-carbon energy supply does not seem to have reached sufficient maturity to be fully implemented at the neighborhood level. Nevertheless, the analysis of eco-district projects shows the growing interest in the creation of a low carbon energy supply using local resources. This interest reflects, in particular, the willingness of some local actors to reach a degree of energy autonomy. In order to consider the neighborhood as a relevant scale for low-carbon energy supply, it is necessary to analyze the technical-economic and institutional conditions to be implemented. It reveals the need for a paradigm shift in the structuring of energy systems from centralized to decentralized systems. However, this new paradigm is conditioned by the technical and economic maturity of the infrastructures that can be installed in the district and by the ability to find a viable business model making the investment profitable on this scale. For the institutional part, it causes a modification of the relations between the actors using the energetic vectors studied (electricity and heat). The rise of new production profiles with the development of renewable energies and the emergence of new consumer profiles becoming producers, alters the energy value chain and makes it necessary to guarantee the flexibility of energy systems to ensure their correct functioning. To plan a different pathway that these relationships might take, a methodological approach based on the construction of the ideal-type was carried out. It shows the need for a new player, the energy manager, to ensure the proper functioning of the energy systems installed in the neighborhoods
Terrien, Mickaël. "Orchestration des ressources et efficience des entreprises de spectacle sportif". Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN0504.
Testo completoThis work aims at reaching the meta level of strategy by reconciling the division between content and process analysis. To achieve it, the theoretical framework of resource orchestration is applied to a transparent industry, French football clubs. The performance of those organizations, which is multidimensional and idiosyncratic, is assessed thanks to the method of data envelopment analysis. Moreover, pure managerial efficiency scores are decomposed into three organizational process (structuring the resource portfolio, bundling resources and leveraging capabilities) in order to look inside the black box and to better locate the origins of the differentials of performance. The results indicate, among other things, the existence of a competitive advantage based on the labor market imperfections. It lies on the three micro-foundations of such advantage (attracting, retaining and motivating employees at lower wage than its competitors). Then, this content analysis allows to deal with three strategic issues faced by French football clubs: the definition of their organizational aim according to the opportunities and threats in the environment; the determinants of managerial succession; their resilience capacity after a period of turbulence. The pursuit of the meta level of strategy allows to highlight that competing theories dealing with each strategic problems could coexist
Belloir, Delphine. "Paradigme informationnel et organisation des firmes". Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20030.
Testo completoInformation and communication technologies call into question the firm definition as a unit of time, place and team ; they allow firms to fit with reactivity, efficacy and productivity objectives. Information acquired a strategic role leading to a territorail and temporal break-up of firms, and to a new representation of these productive organizations. By analogy with the information channels, they get organized following network-structure. This network-structure leads to a widespread organization giving greater importance to coordinating activities by an information and communication system, as well as to spreading and symmetric sharing of information. This information-era firm has more and more vague inter- and intra-firm boundaries requiring a global vision
Elbardai, Habiba. "Vers une clarification des approches publicitaires « soft-sell » et « hard-sell » : étude comparée France-Maroc des pratiques des professionnels et des perceptions des consommateurs". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0039.
Testo completoThe debate on the impact of advertising emerged several decades ago, thus giving rise in recent years to an acceleration of scientific production concerning the different advertising approaches that act on consumer persuasion.The literature has highlighted two advertising approaches, a “soft-sell” approach based on an implicit, emotional message and a “hard-sell” advertising approach based on the factual and rational dimension. So far, the effectiveness of these two approaches has not been studied in Arab-Muslim countries despite the increasing weight of their economy. The objective of this doctoral research is to contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of consumer persuasion in the face of “soft-sell” and “hard-sell” advertising and the practices of professionals in a Moroccan versus French context.The first part of this work builds the theoretical framework making it possible to respond to above mentioned the problem. To this end, we carry out, in a first part, a review of the models of communication and advertising persuasion (chapter 1) to understand the meaning of communication and its foundations before turning to the clarification of the “soft-sell” and “hard-sell” approaches (chapter 2), and the understanding of Arab-Muslim and European cultural specificities (chapter 3).In the second part, by relying on the possibility that the cultural specificities of the target modify the perceptions of the advertisements, we explore the managerial practices in an Arab-Muslim context (Chapter 4). In addition, thanks to an exploratory qualitative study carried out in France and Morocco, we are trying to understand the perceptions of consumers and advertisers toward advertising and, in particular, “soft-sell” and “hard-sell” approaches (chapters 5 and 6).Finally, the third part of this research deals with the construction of the conceptual model and the definition of the hypotheses (chapter 7) from the theory of Okazaki, Mueller and Taylor (2010). Our experimental choices are then presented (chapter 8). This is followed by the tests of our research hypotheses and presentation of the main results of our analyses (chapter 9). Results reveal differences concerning the impact of “soft-sell” and “hard-sell” approaches on the target's memorization, attitude and purchase intention. These results differ in particular according to the degree of religiosity and the environmental concern of the individual. The limits of this work refer to perspectives and new avenues of research