Tesi sul tema "Réseaux à liens dynamiques"
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Brastel, Alexis. "Architectures (co)polymères à liens covalents dynamiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPSLS004.
Testo completoDynamic covalent chemistry is an effective tool to synthetize complex architectural block (co)polymers which are difficult to achieve by conventional techniques. It permits also to develop materials that meet ecological and economic challenges (recycling, sustainability, cheap raw materials and products). In this work, we implemented imine bonds in amphiphilic comb-like copolymers and co-networks starting from PDMS with pendant amines and benzaldehyde-functionalized PEG oligomers. In a first part, we studied the properties of PDMS-r-PEG co-networks as a function of the imine crosslinking rate. The materials are flexible, little or no sticky and transparent. Thermo-mechanical analysis shows that they are micro-separated but with no long-distance order (AFM, SAXS). They can be thermally reprocessed and chemically recycled (acidic medium or in the presence of an amine), thanks to the reversible and exchangeable imine crosslinking points. In a second part, we studied the self-assembly in aqueous solution of PDMS-g-PEG comb-like copolymers with the degree of grafting of PEG chains. For a sufficient degree of grafting, the copolymers form colloidal suspensions which are stable over several months even though their shape / size change with the hydrolysis of the imine bonds. Their ability to encapsulate and release a hydrophobic compound, in single phase and in emulsion, has also been demonstrated
Cros, Lauriane. "Franc-maçonnerie, réseaux maçonniques et dynamiques bordelaises au XVIIIe siècle". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30008.
Testo completoThe freemasonry movement that developed in France throughout the 18th century is defined by the Encyclopédie as a « gathering of chosen people bound together by an obligation to love each other like brothers, to help each other in need, and to maintain an inviolable silence about anything related to the order ». Then, Bordeaux was - behind Paris - a major French Masonic center experiencing particular dynamics resulting from the city's geographic position. As a trade, diplomatic city as well as the first French port of the Age of Enlightenment, Guyenne's capital city was characterized by a plural identity within which was incorporated a Masonic movement benefitting from a human and social diversity and a remarkable economic growth. This major 18th- century trade port was intertwined with a national, European as well as Atlantic space, throughout the West Indies – especially Saint-Domingo. It thus played a central part in communications, where were expressed interconnections associated with Masonic sociabilities. During the last century of the Ancien Régime, several Masonic lodges were born within the city and they had a important role to play in the local life, following the foundation of the first lodge in 1732. These Masonic lodges both reflected the dynamism of Bordeaux and part of the reality of its elites. Consequently, these elites, took part in the Masonic sociability which helped shape the city's identity. The latter cannot be grasped without taking into account the Masonic interface and the economic, political, cultural and social networks associated with it. The dynamics of Bordeaux and of freemasonry were part of human and territorial logics, incorporated within the timeframe starting with a long 18th century till the revolutionary era. The latter witnesses the adaptation of masonry in a political framework that needs to be questioned as far as breaks and continuities are concerned
Jara, Nicolás. "Conception de réseaux optiques en tenant compte de la tolérance aux fautes d’un ensemble quelconque de liens". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S111.
Testo completoThe rapid increase in demand for bandwidth from existing networks has caused a growth in the use of technologies based on WDM optical networks. Nevertheless, this decade researchers have recognized a “Capacity Crunch” on optical networks, i.e. transmission capacity limit on optical fiber is close to be reached in the near future. This situation claims to evolve the current WDM optical networks architectures. For example, optical networks are operated statically. This operation is inefficient in the usage of network resources. To solve this problem Dynamic optical networks solve this inefficiences, but it has not been implemented since network cost savings are not enough to convince enterprises. The design of dynamic optical networks decomposes into different tasks, where the engineers must organize the way the main system's resources are used. All of these tasks, have to guarantee certain level of quality of service pre-established on the Service Level Agreement. Then, we propose a new fast and accurate analytical method to evaluate the blocking probability in these systems. This evaluation allows network designers to quickly solve higher order problems. More specifically, network operators face the challenge of solving: which wavelength is going to be used by each user (known as Wavelength Assignment), the number of wavelengths needed on each network link (called as Wavelength Dimensioning), the set of paths enabling each network user to transmit (known as Routing) and how to deal with link failures when the network is operating (called as Fault Tolerance capacity). This thesis proposes a joint solution to these problems, and it may provide sufficient network cost savings to foster telecommunications companies to migrate from the current static operation to a dynamic one
Bizagwira, Honoré. "Réseaux de capteurs sans fil étendu robuste exploitant des liens atypiques". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22770/document.
Testo completoThis thesis takes place in the context of environmental monitoring applications requiring regular measurements of biological or geophysical characteristics. These applications include for instance the measuring of the spread of pollutants in rivers, monitoring of the development of bacteria in bathing waters, etc. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) provide cost-effective and reliable solutions to allow the automation of such data gathering. The good functioning of these networks depends on the quality of the radio transmissions, which is particularly true in environments where the conditions are not suitable for the propagation of radio waves and where the links may therefore be intermittent. The objective of this work is to propose an effective protocol solution under such conditions, in the particular case of a sensor network deployed on the water surface. The thesis begins with a description of the methodology, mechanisms and a platform for exploring the quality of a radio link displayed at the water surface. We present different measures that have been carried out. The protocol solutions we propose take into account the evolutionary nature of the topology due to the instability of the radio links in order to improve the efficiency of the data gathering and to reduce the energy consumption of the nodes. Our approach is based on the periodic reconstruction of the topology, the communication between nodes by appointments defined by transmission windows, the use of the multi-channel to drain the data and the adaptation of the transmission window size as a function of local traffic. All these propositions are validated by prototyping and simulation using NS-3. The results show that our solution is capable of collecting data in a dynamic topology while reducing both gathering time and energy consumption
Qi, Baihui. "Liens dynamiques entre le business model et le logistic model dans un contexte d'omnicanalité : le cas des réseaux de distribution de prêt-à-porter en France". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0516.
Testo completoRecently, a new era of “connected commerce” is emerging, where the ability of offering effective and fluid logistics services among the different channels will be a key feature of distribution networks. In the context of omnichannel, we focus on the dynamic links between logistics model adopted by a distribution company and its business model. We make the hypothesis that the adopted logistics model can lead to changes in the business model: P1: the business model impacts the logistics model. P2: the logistics model impacts the business model. P3: the evolution of the business model impacts the evolution of the logistics model. P4: the evolution of the logistics model impacts the evolution of the business model. P5: The innovation of the logistics model impacts the innovation of the business model. To answer the research questions, we conducted a dynamic empirical research (four case studies in the ready-to-wear industry). Semi-structured interview with leaders, and logistics managers were conducted, followed by an intra-case and cross-case analyzes.Implications: At the theoretical level, we define precisely the components of the business model and the logistics model and demonstrate an association between four logistics processes and the value proposition to customers. We show how evolution and innovation of logistics can provide distinctive skills and know-how that can help create new value propositions to customers and improve the company’s business model. At the managerial level, our study offers insights to retailers certain ways to model their activities and to position the logistics services at the center of their future business model
Zaïdi, Abdelaziz. "Intégration des réseaux bayésiens et bond graphs pour la supervision des systèmes dynamiques". Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10035/document.
Testo completoThe supervision of complex and critical industrial processes is a very heavy task which requires effective algorithms. The literature shows a growing interest of graphical approaches because of the simplicity of establishment of the derived algorithms. The model based diagnosis is a method which becomes widespread because of the richness of graphical and structural methods allowing modeling of most complex processes. The bond graph (BG) tool, with its multidisciplinary representation, is one of the most recognized approaches in this framework. In this context, we try in present work to couple this graphical approach with another graphical one allowing incorporating statistics of components failures. All this aims to mitigate the problems: unknown failure signatures or identical signatures for several components and monitoring the system degradation. Indeed, on the basis of consulted literature, it does not appear work which evokes a supervision strategy associating a Bayesian reliability model with a BG model based fault detection and isolation (FDI) approach. Consequently, the suggested work illustrates a method to outline this objective. We propose a new methodology for the supervision of the dynamic and hybrid dynamic systems. Our contribution appears in the proposal for a strategy of risk based supervision by combining two graphical approaches: BG and Bayesian networks (BN). The resulting model for diagnosis is a hybrid BN. It is able to make a decision under uncertainties of BG model and takes account of the probabilities of false alarm and non-detection. Furthermore, integration of two graphical approaches (BG and Bayesian networks (BN) to design robust supervision system is another innovative interest. Generated residuals from BG model are coupled with the component reliability model of components leading to a hybrid BN diagnostic model. This model is then used to make a decision under uncertainties of BG model and takes into account the probabilities of false alarm and non-detection. The developed theory is applied to a thermal power station
Mboka, Ingoli Jean-Claude. "Les champs-écoles paysans en Afrique subsaharienne : une approche d'analyse des réseaux complets". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36943.
Testo completoLedy, Jonathan. "Stratégie d'adaptation de liens sur canaux radios dynamiques pour les communicationsentre véhicules - Optimisation de la qualité de service". Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2318/document.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with the optimization of communications in vehicular networks by using arealistic simulation platform. A realistic environment implies the usage of mobility modelsadapted to vehicles and also highly detailed physical models (channel models and digitaltransmission chain).The first part of our work has consisted in the design of a realistic simulation platformdedicated to VANETs (Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks). This platform has been completed by asemi-deterministic propagation model which we have designed. This model called UM-CRThas the advantage to have the same level of realism than a deterministic model while requiringmuch less computation time. This model has been validated by comparison with a deterministicray tracing simulator.We then have used this platform to evaluate routing protocols. The efficiency of different adhoc routing protocols in realistic conditions has led us to focus our study on the family ofreactive protocols. From this evaluation we have selected AODV (Ad hoc On demandDistance Vector) to which we have applied a cross-layer metric in order to reduce theperformance degradation caused by the realistic environment. We then have used a tuningtechnique with reactive protocols. Finally, we have evaluated several SISO and MIMOphysical layers. This work shows that only improvements combined at different levels (physicaland network) can yield a significant increase in performance
Petersen, Erick. "Dynamic link networks : Emulation and validation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAS028.
Testo completoAs the demand for interactive services, multimedia, and network capabilities grows in modern networks, novel software and/or hardware components should be incorporated. As a consequence, the assessment and validation process of these newly developed solutions is critical to determining whether they perform well, are reliable, and are robust before being deployed in a real network.Network emulation is increasingly used to replicate real-world network behavior at low infrastructure costs and with a higher level of realism than simulations. This approach allows for continuous testing of the final solution without requiring changes after deployment. However, emulating networks with link parameters that may change over time due to internal and external factors, as in satellite communications, complicates the emulation architecture, making thorough testing under various conditions a challenging task. Moreover, ensuring that the emulator is adequate for the given context and is designed correctly is crucial for obtaining reliable results. This includes verifying that the emulator can accurately replicate the specific network conditions and scenarios for which it is intended.In this thesis, we address the challenges of dynamic-link network emulation and validation. We propose a model for dynamic-link networks and their parameters, considering the limitations in describing and executing dynamic behavior. We have developed an emulation platform that incorporates our proposed model and allows to test and evaluate various network scenarios in a controlled environment. To ensure proper emulation and bridge the gap between emulation and real-world scenarios, both model checking and run-time verification have been proposed. Additionally, the emulation execution has been verified by extracting a dataset of network parameters and checking it respects certain properties of interest over time. Finally, we have introduced a novel method using the Cellular Automaton model to accurately simulate the evolution of network parameters while ensuring that certain properties are maintained throughout this evolution, thereby potentially fast transfer to an emulation configuration where network parameters reach critical values
Wilmet, Audrey. "Détection d'anomalies dans les flots de liens : combiner les caractéristiques structurelles et temporelles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS402.
Testo completoA link stream is a set of links {(t, u, v)} in which a triplet (t, u, v) models the interaction between two entities u and v at time t. In many situations, data result from the measurement of interactions between several million of entities over time and can thus be studied through the link stream's formalism. This is the case, for instance, of phone calls, email exchanges, money transfers, contacts between individuals, IP traffic, online shopping, and many more. The goal of this thesis is the detection of sets of abnormal links in a link stream. In a first part, we design a method that constructs different contexts, a context being a set of characteristics describing the circumstances of an anomaly. These contexts allow us to find unexpected behaviors that are relevant, according to several dimensions and perspectives. In a second part, we design a method to detect anomalies in heterogeneous distributions whose behavior is constant over time, by comparing a sequence of similar heterogeneous distributions. We apply our methodological tools to temporal interactions coming from retweets of Twitter and IP traffic of MAWI group
Séguin-Godin, Guillaume. "Simulateur matériel à événements discrets de réseaux de neurones à décharges avec application en traitement d’images". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10600.
Testo completoHo, Thi Kim Thoa. "Modélisation et analyse des réseaux complexes associées à des informations textuelles : les apports de la prétopologie, du topic modeling et de l’apprentissage automatique à l’étude de la dynamique des réseaux sociaux, la prédiction de liens et la diffusion des sujets". Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLP047.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with the concept of complex network associated with textual information. We are interested in the analysis of these networks with a perspective of application to social networks. Our first contribution consisted in building an analysis model for a dynamic social network using the agent based modeling (ABM) approach, author-topic modeling (ATM), and using the mathematical framework of pretopology to represent the proximity of the subjects. Our modeling is called Textual-ABM. Our proposal has been to use author-topic modeling to estimate user interest based on text content and to use pretopology to model several relationships and to represent a set of neighborhoods that is more elaborate than a simple relationship. Our second contribution concerns the diffusion of information on a "heterogeneous" social network. We propose to extend the independent cascade epidemic diffusion model (IC) and the pretopological cascade diffusion model that we call Textual-Homo-IC and Textual-PCM respectively. For Textual-Homo-IC, the probability of infection is based on homophilia (resemblance of agents) which is obtained from the textual content using the topic modeling. For Textual-PCM, a pseudo-closure function with different strong levels is proposed to realize a more complex set of neighborhoods. In addition, we propose to use supervised learning to predict the diffusion of a topic with a combination of intrinsic or external factors. Our third contribution concerns the prediction of relationships between co-authors with the addition of a new topological feature related to geographical factors and content features using topic modelling. All this work was achieved by the design of specific algorithms and validated by experiments
Angot, Fanny. "Élastomères siloxanes à liens dynamiques". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066699/document.
Testo completoThe polysiloxane elastomers are thermosets, chemically cross-linked, that can neither be reshaped, transferred on a support different from their original one nor recyclable. In order to overcome these limitations, siloxane elastomer vitrimers have been developed, the vitrimers being materials able to be reshaped, repaired and welded thanks to catalyzed and thermo-activated associative exchange reactions occurring within the network. In a first approach, we studied the trans-siloxanation, the intrinsic exchange reaction of living siloxanes, catalyzed by the silanolate anion SiO-. Nevertheless, this living nature leads to equilibrium between the network and cycles, that can evaporate upon heating and cause the depolymerisation of the network by intramolecular trans-siloxanation. The living elastomers are thus not vitrimer since their connectivity is continuously modified. However, we have shown that the addition of caesium carbonate accelerates the exchange reaction and allows the welding of two joints with at least one living. In the second approach, the vitrimer behaviour relies on imine dynamic bonds introduced into a non living network (no silanolate anion). As this bond is exchangeable but also dissociable under soft conditions, imine siloxane elastomers can not only be reshaped and but also recycled. Finally, the introduction of silica charges improves the mechanical properties without altering the vitrimer properties
Angot, Fanny. "Élastomères siloxanes à liens dynamiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2016PA066699.pdf.
Testo completoThe polysiloxane elastomers are thermosets, chemically cross-linked, that can neither be reshaped, transferred on a support different from their original one nor recyclable. In order to overcome these limitations, siloxane elastomer vitrimers have been developed, the vitrimers being materials able to be reshaped, repaired and welded thanks to catalyzed and thermo-activated associative exchange reactions occurring within the network. In a first approach, we studied the trans-siloxanation, the intrinsic exchange reaction of living siloxanes, catalyzed by the silanolate anion SiO-. Nevertheless, this living nature leads to equilibrium between the network and cycles, that can evaporate upon heating and cause the depolymerisation of the network by intramolecular trans-siloxanation. The living elastomers are thus not vitrimer since their connectivity is continuously modified. However, we have shown that the addition of caesium carbonate accelerates the exchange reaction and allows the welding of two joints with at least one living. In the second approach, the vitrimer behaviour relies on imine dynamic bonds introduced into a non living network (no silanolate anion). As this bond is exchangeable but also dissociable under soft conditions, imine siloxane elastomers can not only be reshaped and but also recycled. Finally, the introduction of silica charges improves the mechanical properties without altering the vitrimer properties
Benaïm, Michel. "Dynamiques d'activation et dynamiques d'apprentissage des réseaux de neurones". Toulouse, ENSAE, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ESAE0001.
Testo completoHoareau, Didier. "Composants ubiquitaires pour réseaux dynamiques". Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00516907.
Testo completoNoël, Pierre-André. "Dynamiques stochastiques sur réseaux complexes". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29319/29319.pdf.
Testo completoThe goal of this thesis is to develop and study mathematical models reproducing the behaviour of systems composed of numerous elements whose interactions make a complex network structure. The body of the document is divided in three parts; an introductory chapter and a recapitulative conclusion complete the thesis. Part I pertains to a specific dynamics (susceptible-infectious-removed propagation, SIR) on a class of networks that is also specific (configuration model). This problem has already been studied, among other ways, as a branching process in the infinite system size limit, providing a probabilistic solution for the final state of this stochastic process. The principal original contribution of part I consists of modifying this model in order to introduce finite-size effects and to allow the study of its (discrete) time evolution while preserving the probabilistic nature of the solution. Part II, containing the principal contributions of this thesis, is interested in the general problem of stochastic processes on complex networks. The state of the system (including the interaction structure) is partially represented through motifs, then the (continuous) time evolution is studied with a Markov process. Although the state is only partially represented, satisfactory results are often possible. In the particular case of the problem studied in part I, the results are exact. The approach turns out to be very general, and simple approximation methods allow one to obtain a solution for cases of considerable complexity. Part III searches for a closed form exact analytical solution to the the model developed in part II for the problem initially studied in part I. The system is re-expressed in terms of operators and different relations are used in an attempt to solve it. Despite the failure of this enterprise, some results deserve mention, notably a generalization of Sack's relationship, a special case of the Zassenhaus relationship.
Pinotti, Francesco. "Dynamiques multi-souche sur réseaux". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS289.
Testo completoFor many human pathogens, distinct strains have been reported to circulate in the host population. However, despite our ability to observe strain diversity, biological, environmental and host-related mechanisms shaping co-existence patterns remain largely unexplored. In this context, the importance of modeling contact structure is becoming increasingly recognized, yet, the study of this aspect is still at the beginning. To date, the majority of works focus on two pathogens that either compete or cooperate. Here, we extend current knowledge about strain co-existence on contact networks in two directions, characterizing the ecology of an open strain population, and analyzing the effect of heterogeneous concurrent interactions. In a first study, we assess the role of important contact properties on ecological diversity in a parsimonious model of strain competition. We found that our theoretical results improve our interpretation of observed patterns in a joint dataset consisting of face-to-face interactions and Staphylococcus aureus carriage in a hospital. In a second work, we study a theoretical model accounting for both competition and cooperation. We consider two competing strains that both cooperate with a second pathogen. The interplay between transmissibility and cooperative factor led to a rich phase diagram, showing complex boundaries and bistability. Here, repartition of hosts into communities enables strain co-existence by dynamically creating different ecological niches. Our findings confirm the importance of host contact structure as a driver of strain diversity
Machens, Anna. "Processus épidémiques sur réseaux dynamiques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4066/document.
Testo completoIn this thesis we contribute to provide insights into questions concerning dynamic epidemic processes on data-driven, temporal networks. In particular, we investigate the influence of data representations on the outcome of epidemic processes, shedding some light on the question how much detail is necessary for the data representation and its dependence on the spreading parameters. By introducing an improvement to the contact matrix representation we provide a data representation that could in the future be integrated into multi-scale epidemic models in order to improve the accuracy of predictions and corresponding immunization strategies. We also point out some of the ways dynamic processes are influenced by temporal properties of the data
Malo, Alexandre. "Chargement dynamique par composants pour réseaux de capteurs adaptables". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6194.
Testo completoKaisser, Florent. "Communications dans les réseaux fortement dynamiques". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00512021.
Testo completoVantomme, Ghislaine. "Réseaux dynamiques constitutionnels : métallosélection - photosélection - adaptation". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01060251.
Testo completoTsala, Éric. "Désambiguïsation sémantique et réseaux bayésiens dynamiques". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4833.
Testo completoDall'Asta, Luca. "Phénomènes dynamiques sur des réseaux complexes". Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112079.
Testo completoMahéo, Yves. "Intergiciels pour applications distribuées sur réseaux dynamiques". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00633253.
Testo completoHuc, Florian. "Conception de Réseaux Dynamiques Tolérants aux Pannes". Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00472781.
Testo completoEl, Ali Farah. "Communication unicast dans les réseaux mobiles dynamiques". Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795923.
Testo completoCessac, Bruno. "Propriétés statistiques des dynamiques de réseaux neuromimétiques". Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30005.
Testo completoCohen, Floriane. "Architectures dynamiques des réseaux neuronaux in vitro". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02512337.
Testo completoThe function of the nervous system relies on the establishment of complex neuronal circuitry. During development, axon branching allows each neuron to establish synaptic contacts with multiple targets and is essential to the assembly of highly interconnected networks. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying the control of neuronal branching is crucial in the study of neuronal circuit development.In this thesis, we investigated this phenomenon by imposing morphological constraints to neurons through the use of different chemical micropatterning techniques. Using static micropatterns, we explored branching behavior in a wide range of geometries with a focus on the influence of branching angle. In parallel, we have also worked on the development of a dynamic patterning technique based on spontaneous adsorption of comb-like derivatives of poly-L-lysine to form switchable patterns on highly cell-repellent surfaces, with the aim of creating a platform allowing for spatio-temporally controlled generation of neurite branches
Abboud, Mohssen. "Tolérance aux défaillances dans les réseaux dynamiques". Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077176.
Testo completoWe study how some fault-tolerant algorithms for classical Systems can be extended to t}e used in larger scale networks. In the first part of this thesis we address the problems of reliable broadcast and consensus in sensor networks communicating with radio-broadcast. Communication is prone to collision when several sensors broadcast simultaneously. Moreover sensors may crash and stop sending. In this framework, reliable broadcast and consensus are not possible to solve. Sensors are equipped with collision detectors. We propose some specifications of collision detectors that enable us to achieve reliable broadcast, consensus and we give some algorithms for this. In the second part we consider a dynamic network of processes communicating by sending messages. The network is dynamic in the sense that the processes are created dynamically and each process does not know either the number or the set of created processes, but it has a unique identity. Created processes are prone to failure. We study three classical problems of fault-tolerance in the case where the set of processes is unknown. The three problems are: the consensus problem, the implementation of atomic registers and the eventual leader election. For this we consider different models in respect of their degree of synchrony (asynchronous, partially synchronous, synchronous), and we prove how to solve these problems in every considered models
Aynaud, Thomas. "Détection de communautés dans les réseaux dynamiques". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066438.
Testo completoMost complex networks have a particular structure in which nodes are arranged in groups, called communities, with many internal links but only a few between them. The identification of communities gives insights on the structure of the graph and is important in many contexts. We will study this structure in the case of dynamic networks using two different approaches. The first approach consists in tracking communities over time by detecting them at every timestep and following their evolution. We will see that although very natural, this approach raises many questions of stability: the algorithms tend to change their results a lot even if the network changes only a little. This implies that the observed changes in the communities are in fact related to the algorithm and not to real transformations in network structure. We therefore propose an analysis of the instability of three algorithms and a solution to the instability. The second approach consists in detecting the community structure not just for a moment but for a period of time called the time window. The length of the time window is then a crucial problem and we propose a hierachical time segmentation method in time windows. Moreover, the time windows do not have to be contiguous allowing for example to detect a repeating structure. Finally, we conclude with applications to event detection on the Internet and segmentation of videos. We will show that we can detect events by finding the times when the structure changes abruptly. For the segmentation of videos, we also had stability issues and thus we have developed a more stable tracking and detection algorithm
Khalfallah, Sofiane. "Algorithmique best-effort pour les réseaux dynamiques". Compiègne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010COMP1889.
Testo completoMany problems are open in the design of distributed applications (mobility, ad hoc communication, wireless technology, etc. ). We focus our work on a specific case study of dynamic networks, which is Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET). We first establish a state-of-the-art for this field based on the European projects in the VANETs. Second, we model the IEEE 802. 11 standard that tends to be a standard for mobile communication. Best-effort algorithmics allowing to complete the concept of auto-stabilization in the management of dynamic networks are presented. For that aim, we introduce the concept of service continuity. This concept is close to the super-stabilization. We believe that the idea of metrics studying dynamic topologies is important (as the notion of duration of a continuous round). The proposed algorithm works in dynamic and distributed systems. It globally ensures a kind of service continuity to applications while the system is still converging, except if a huge number of topology changes happen. After that, we present our contributions in the Airplug software, as well as in the design and the implementation of a complete platform for performance evaluation and fast prototyping of best-effort protocols. An implementation is done of the distributed protocol GRP to estimate its performances in the Airplug-ns mode. Finally, we propose appropriate metrics that describe the stability of groups in order to evaluate the performance of our protocol
Tayq, Zakaria. "Intégration et supervision des liens Fronthaul dans les réseaux 5G". Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0092/document.
Testo completoCloud Radio Access Network (RAN) was identified as a key enabler for 5G. Its deployment is however meeting multiple challenges notably in the fronthaul integration, the latter being the segment located between the Digital Unit and the Radio Unit generally based on CPRI. Giving its bit-rate, latency and jitter constrains, Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is the most adequate solution for its transport. However, the radio technologies recommended for 5G will drastically increase the CPRI bit-rate making its transport very challenging with low-cost WDM. This thesis deals with four main topics : The introduction of a control channel in the CPRI enables offering the WDM infrastructure monitoring and the wavelength tunability in the transceivers. The study of this control channel integration in the fronthaul link is reported in the second chapter as well as an investigation on the wireless transmission of CPRI. The use of Analog Radio over Fiber (A-RoF) can significantly improve the fronthaul spectral efficiency compared to CPRI-based fronthaul enabling, potentially, the transport of 5G interfaces. A thorough investigation on the actual gain brought by this solution is stated in the third chapter. CPRI compression based on uniform and non-uniform quantization is also a solution to enhance the CPRI spectral efficiency. The fourth chapter describes this solution and experimentally shows the achievable compression rates. Finally, establishing a new functional split in the radio equipment was considered as a promising solution for 5G. Two new interfaces have been identified for high and low layer functional splits. A theoretical and experimental study of these new interfaces is reported in the fifth chapter
Franck, Laurent. "Algorithmes de routage dans les réseaux de liens inter-satellites". Paris, ENST, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENST0038.
Testo completoSanchez-Soto, Eduardo. "Réseaux Bayésiens Dynamiques pour la Vérification du Locuteur". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011440.
Testo completoCazabet, Rémy. "Détection de communautés dynamiques dans des réseaux temporels". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00874017.
Testo completoTajeuna, Etienne Gaël. "Suivi des communautés dans les réseaux sociaux dynamiques". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8559.
Testo completoSánchez-Soto, Eduardo. "Réseaux bayésiens dynamiques pour la vérification du locuteur". Paris, ENST, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENST0032.
Testo completoThis thesis is concerned with the statistical modeling of speech signal applied to Speaker Verification (SV) using Bayesian Networks (BNs). The main idea of this work is to use BNs as a mathematical tool to model pertinent speech features keeping its relations. It combines theoretical and experimental work. The difference between systems and humans performance in SV is the quantity of information and the relationships between the sources of information used to make decisions. A single statistical framework that keeps the conditional dependence and independence relations between those variables is difficult to attain. Therefore, the use of BNs as a tool for modeling the available information and their independence and dependence relationships is proposed. The first part of this work reviews the main modules of a SV system, the possible sources of information as well as the basic concepts of graphical models. The second part deals with Modeling. A new approach to the problems associated with the SV systems is proposed. The problem of inference and learning (parameters and structure)in BNs are presented. In order to obtain an adapted structure the relations of conditional independence among the variables are learned directly from the data. These relations are then used in order to build an adapted BN. In particular, a new model adaptation technique for BN has been proposed. This adaptation is based on a measure between Conditional Probability Distributions for discrete variables and on Regression Matrix for continuous variables used to model the relationships. In a large database for the SV task, the results have confirmed the potential of use the BNs approach
Blondel, Oriane. "Dynamiques de particules sur réseaux avec contraintes cinétiques". Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077156.
Testo completoThis thesis is about stochastic lattice models of particle systems with Glauber dynamics and /kinetic constraints (KCSM), more specically the East and FA-1f models. These models were introduced in physics for the study of glassy systems. In this document one nds rst a summary of its contents (in French), then three introductory chapters in which I present the context of my works and show both what what my contributions add to the picture and on which notions and techniques they rely. In my presentation of KCSM, I focus on objects and results that are directly related to my research. Finally my papers are assembled in the Appendix, in some cases with extensions that were cut o for publication. The rst chapter is an introduction to KCSM. The second chapter presents non-equilibrium issues for KCSM. First I give results about out-of-equilibrium local relaxation; in the FA-1f mode it is a joint work with N. Cancrini, F. Martinelli, C. Roberto and C. Toninelli. Then I study the progression of a front in the East model and show a shape theorem as well as an ergodicity result for the process seen from the front. This result relies on quantifying the local relaxation of the process seen from the front rather than using classic sub-additivity arguments. The last chapter explores low-temperature (or high density) dynamics of KCSM. I rst recali asymptotic results about East and FA-1f spectral gaps and oer some heuristics and conjectures. I then focus on the low temperature behaviour of the diusion coecient of a tracer in a KCSM, so as to give rigorous answers to questions raised in the physics literature
Combe, David. "Détection de communautés dans les réseaux d'information utilisant liens et attributs". Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01056985.
Testo completoSaba, Stéphanie. "Marché et réseaux : l'influence des liens interindividuels sur l'efficacité des échanges". Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020008/document.
Testo completoHow to define and measure trust is still an enigma in economics, philosophy and sociology. This "three papers" thesis compares two different mechanisms - egotiated(decentralised submarket) and auction (centralised submarket) - on the basis of trust. Through an empirical study, the level of trust is evaluated and its impact is analysed on the "Boulogne-sur-Mer" fish market characterised by a stable coexistence of these two mechanisms. The three papers are preceded by a general introduction and a literature review. Paper one aims at comparing the nestedness and the robustness of both submarkets. Social network tools of ecologists are applied in order to provide an answer. Paper two models trust creation on both structures from the buyer side using the survival analysis and considering the buyer size. Paper three studies the effect of a trust index on the outcomes of transactions. Bipartite and projected graphs reveal the difference between submarkets. This thesis shows that the negotiated market is marked by a higher level of trust as agents interact and are not fully informed about the market situation unlike the auction one where information is centralised. We believe that trust is a way out of risk when there is lack of information
Chen, Jun. "Adaptation de liens et mécanisme inter-couches pour les réseaux coopératifs". Paris, CNAM, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CNAM0702.
Testo completoLes techniques de transmission coopérative dans les réseaux sans fil concernent les méthodes dont l'objectif principal est d'améliorer la fiabilité de la transmission d'information entre la source et la destination en exploitant des terminaux intermédiaires appelés relais. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de proposer un mécanisme efficace d'adaptation de liens en utilisant les techniques inter-couches dans les réseaux coopératifs. L'évaluation des performances des modules coopératifs, en utilisant soit un seul relais soit plusieurs relais, est présentée. Par ailleurs, la fiabilité de la transmission peut être améliore��e par le déploiement de codage espace-temps distribué (DSTC) dans la coopération. De plus, un mécanisme de sélection de relais et d'adaptation de mode physique a été développé pour améliorer le débit efficace pendant la transmission. En analysant la valeur du rapport signal à bruit (SNR) de bout en bout pour les transmissions coopératives, le protocole coopératif qui assure le taux optimal de transmission peut alors être déterminé. Finalement, grâce à une spécification de la couche MAC intégrant la gestion de la coopération, le choix du meilleur relais et l’adaptation de liens sont présentés. Cette thèse montre, d'une part, que la capacité de lien dans les réseaux coopératifs peut être améliorée lorsque les modes physiques du relais sont bien adaptés aux conditions des canaux, et d'autre part, que des stratégies inter-couches efficaces peuvent fournir un meilleur support de la qualité de service
Prigent, Nicolas. "Contributions à la sécurité des réseaux dynamiques auto-configurables : application aux réseaux domestiques". Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S157.
Testo completoChaddoud, Ghassan. "Sécurisation de communication de groupes dynamiques". Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN10046.
Testo completoAn effective commercial multicast deployments of ASM (Any Source Multicast) and SSM (Source-Specific Multicast) should involve some security services such as confidentiality, integrity, authentication and access control. Having in mind the idea of ensuring these services, we have proposed two secuirty architectures Baal and S-SSM for ASM and SSM respectively. Baal : Securing Dynamic Group Communications. Baal is a scalable solution for the management of dynamic group keys. It allows a Global Controller, GC, to configure and manage a secured group on Internet. A single group key is used at any time to encrypt the group traffic. The group security management is ensured by using entities partially delegated to the management of the group key at the level of the domains where there are group members. S-SSM : A Secure SSM Architecture. S-SSM is composed of two security mechanisms: the access control and content protection. The access control mechanism is an extension of a solution proposed in Baal which uses a signed token to control access to group communication. The aim of such solution is to authenticate members by their local routers and to protect membership demands against attacks. As for the second one, it is achieved via sender authentication and data ciphering. This last one requires the management of a unique key, called the channel key, k_ch, shared among the sender and subscribers. This scheme is a variant of Baal
Wan, Kai. "Limites fondamentales de stockage pour les réseaux de diffusion de liens partagés et les réseaux de combinaison". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS217/document.
Testo completoIn this thesis, we investigated the coded caching problem by building the connection between coded caching with uncoded placement and index coding, and leveraging the index coding results to characterize the fundamental limits of coded caching problem. We mainly analysed the caching problem in shared-link broadcast model and in combination networks. In the first part of this thesis, for cache-aided shared-link broadcast networks, we considered the constraint that content is placed uncoded within the caches. When the cache contents are uncoded and the user demands are revealed, the caching problem can be connected to an index coding problem. We derived fundamental limits for the caching problem by using tools for the index coding problem. A novel index coding achievable scheme was first derived based on distributed source coding. This inner bound was proved to be strictly better than the widely used “composite (index) coding” inner bound by leveraging the ignored correlation among composites and the non-unique decoding. For the centralized caching problem, an outer bound under the constraint of uncoded cache placement is proposed based on the “acyclic index coding outer bound”. This outer bound is proved to be achieved by the cMAN scheme when the number of files is not less than the number of users, and by the proposed novel index coding achievable scheme otherwise. For the decentralized caching problem, this thesis proposes an outer bound under the constraint that each user stores bits uniformly and independently at random. This outer bound is achieved by dMAN when the number of files is not less than the number of users, and by our proposed novel index coding inner bound otherwise. In the second part of this thesis, we considered the centralized caching problem in two-hop relay networks, where the server communicates with cache-aided users through some intermediate relays. Because of the hardness of analysis on the general networks, we mainly considered a well-known symmetric relay networks, combination networks, including H relays and binom{H}{r} users where each user is connected to a different r-subset of relays. We aimed to minimize the max link-load for the worst cases. We derived outer and inner bounds in this thesis. For the outer bound, the straightforward way is that each time we consider a cut of x relays and the total load transmitted to these x relays could be outer bounded by the outer bound for the shared-link model including binom{x}{r} users. We used this strategy to extend the outer bounds for the shared-link model and the acyclic index coding outer bound to combination networks. In this thesis, we also tightened the extended acyclic index coding outer bound in combination networks by further leveraging the network topology and joint entropy of the various random variables. For the achievable schemes, there are two approaches, separation and non-separation. In the separation approach, we use cMAN cache placement and multicast message generation independent of the network topology. We then deliver cMAN multicast messages based on the network topology. In the non-separation approach, we design the placement and/or the multicast messages on the network topology. We proposed four delivery schemes on separation approach. On non-separation approach, firstly for any uncoded cache placement, we proposed a delivery scheme by generating multicast messages on network topology. Moreover, we also extended our results to more general models, such as combination networks with cache-aided relays and users, and caching systems in more general relay networks. Optimality results were given under some constraints and numerical evaluations showed that our proposed schemes outperform the state-of-the-art
Stehlé, Juliette. "Réseaux de proximité humaine : analyse, modélisation et processus dynamiques". Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00777540.
Testo completoFrusque, Gaëtan. "Inférence et décomposition modale de réseaux dynamiques en neurosciences". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN080.
Testo completoDynamic graphs make it possible to understand the evolution of complex systems evolving over time. This type of graph has recently received considerable attention. However, there is no consensus on how to infer and study these graphs. In this thesis, we propose specific methods for dynamical graph analysis. A dynamical graph can be seen as a succession of complete graphs sharing the same nodes, but with the weights associated with each link changing over time. The proposed methods can have applications in neuroscience or in the study of social networks such as Twitter and Facebook for example. The issue of this thesis is epilepsy, one of the most common neurological diseases in the world affecting around 1% of the population.The first part concerns the inference of dynamical graph from neurophysiological signals. To assess the similarity between each pairs of signals, in order to make the graph, we use measures of functional connectivity. The comparison of these measurements is therefore of great interest to understand the characteristics of the resulting graphs. We then compare functional connectivity measurements involving the instantaneous phase and amplitude of the signals. We are particularly interested in a measure called Phase-Locking-Value (PLV) which quantifies the phase synchrony between two signals. We then propose, in order to infer robust and interpretable dynamic graphs, two new indexes that are conditioned and regularized PLV. The second part concerns tools for dynamical graphs decompositions. The objective is to propose a semi-automatic method in order to characterize the most important patterns in the pathological network from several seizures of the same patient. First, we consider seizures that have similar durations and temporal evolutions. In this case the data can be conveniently represented as a tensor. A specific tensor decomposition is then applied. Secondly, we consider seizures that have heterogeneous durations. Several strategies are proposed and compared. These are methods which, in addition to extracting the characteristic subgraphs common to all the seizures, make it possible to observe their temporal activation profiles specific to each seizures. Finally, the selected method is used for a clinical application. The obtained decompositions are compared to the visual interpretation of the clinician. As a whole, we found that activated subgraphs corresponded to brain regions involved during the course of the seizures and their time course were highly consistent with classical visual interpretation
Stehle, Juliette. "Réseaux de proximité humaine : Analyse, modélisation, et processus dynamiques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4086.
Testo completoModern technologies allow to access to more and more detailed information on human interactions. In this context, the SocioPatterns collaboration has allowed to develop an infrastructure based on radio-identification devices, that records human proximity patterns at a fine grained resolution, among voluntary individuals. This infrastructure has been deployed in diverse contexts, such as scientific conferences, a museum, a primary school, or a hospital department. The mere analysis of these data represents a high stake for the study of human dynamics and raises fundamental issues such as the need of adequate tools and analysis techniques. This thesis presents the statistical characterization of physical proximity dynamics, put into relation with the context and other available metadata such as the age, the gender of participants or the structure of their virtual social networks. Although contact patterns considerably differ amongst the various contexts, the empirical distributions of interaction durations and of inter-contact times are very similar. An agent-based model, presented in this thesis, suggests simple microscopic interaction rules able to produce the complex macrostructure of interaction durations. In the last place, the characterization of contact dynamics constitutes a determining step for understanding spreading mechanisms of diseases such as the influenza. The human proximity data have allowed to analyze the level of information needed on contact dynamics for the elaboration of epidemiological models of contagion. Such models allow to better estimate the impact of public health strategies, e.g. the closure of school classes and targeted vaccinations
Rocha, Jimenez Vieira Fabio. "Ordonnancement des liens et routage de multiples chemins pour les réseaux maillés sans fil". Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066278.
Testo completoWe present algorithmic solutions for two problems related to the wireless network interference. The first one proposes to schedule the links of a given set of routes under the assumption of a heavy-traffic pattern. We assume some TDMA protocol provides a background of synchronized time slots and seek to schedule the routes' links to maximize the number of packets that get delivered to their destinations per time slot. Our approach is to construct an undirected graph G and to heuristically obtain node multicolorings for G that can be turned into efficient link schedules. In G each node represents a link to be scheduled and the edges are set up to represent every possible interference for any given set of interference assumptions. We present two multicoloring-based heuristics and study their performance through extensive simulations. One of the two heuristics is based on relaxing the notion of a node multicoloring by dynamically exploiting the availability of communication opportunities that would otherwise be wasted. We have found that, as a consequence, its performance is significantly superior to the other's. In the second proposal, we consider wireless mesh networks and the problem of routing end-to-end traffic over multiple paths for the same origin-destination pair with minimal interference. We introduce a heuristic for path determination with two distinguishing characteristics. First, it works by refining an extant set of paths, determined previously by a single- or multi-path routing algorithm. Second, it is totally local, in the sense that it can be run by each of the origins on information that is available no farther in the network than the node's immediate neighborhood. We have conducted extensive computational experiments with the new heuristic, using AODV and OLSR as well as their multi-path variants as the underlying routing method. For one TDMA setting running a path-oriented link scheduling algorithm and two different CSMA settings (as implemented on 802. 11), we have demonstrated that the new heuristic is capable of improving the average throughput network-wide. When working from the paths generated by the multi-path routing algorithms, the heuristic is also capable to provide a more evenly distributed traffic pattern
Fourdrignier, Marc. "Liens de parenté et réseaux de relations dans un village péri-urbain". Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100001.
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