Tesi sul tema "Réseau critique"
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Béru, Laurent. "Une histoire du discours critique nord-américain en communication : réseau(x) généalogique(s) entre radicalisme et modération". Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030060.
Testo completoThis article is devoted to the genealogy of North-American academic’s critical thought within communication studies – and media studies or journalism studies. Through the sociology of science, the study suggested underlines relationships between the ascending and downward generations of critical scholars. While taking for example of academic headlights – from Herbert Schiller ou Robert McChesney – and of principal North-American faculties where critical courses are taught in communication studies – in Urbana-Champaign or in Burnaby –, joined together by the conferences of scientific associations, we are interested to recall the construction and development of dissenting thought in university – (neo)marxist or simply progressist. Our research takes into account from critical genesis (1950-1970), personalized by those who made pioneer critical research in political economy and cultural studies, until critical apogee (1980-2000), symbolized by two new generations of scholars. At the time of the production of the scientific knowledge, it appears obvious that intergenerational logic, theoretical approach and ideological activism are supplemented
Baina, Amine. "Controle d'accès pour les grandes infrastructures critiques. Application au réseau d'énergie électrique". Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00432841.
Testo completoBaïna, Amine. "Contrôle d'Accès pour les Grandes Infrastructures Critiques : application au réseau d'énergie électrique". Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000296/.
Testo completoBecause of its physical and logical vulnerabilities, critical infrastructure (CI) may suffer failures, and because of the interdependencies between CIs, simple failures can have dramatic consequences on the entire infrastructure. In our work, we mainly focus on information systems and communications (CII: Critical Information Infrastructure) dedicated to the electrical power grid. We proposed a new approach to address security problems faced by an IIC, particularly those related to access control and collaboration. The goal of this study is to provide each organization belonging to the IIC the opportunity to collaborate with others while maintaining control over its data and its internal security policy. We modeled and developed PolyOrBAC, a platform for collaborative access control, based on the access control model OrBAC and on the Web Services technology, this platform is applicable in the context of a critical infrastructure in general, and more particularly to an electrical power grid
Comets, Francis. "A propos des systèmes de particules en interaction sur un réseau". Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112312.
Testo completoWe are interested in particles systems located on a lattice, with different type of interaction For short range interaction on zd, we study the large deviation properties for the empirical field of a Gibbs measure we also cover the case of random interaction and derive some applications Next we study Glauber dynamics of a local mean field model on the torus in the asymptotics of a large number of particles The fluctuation process has to be rescaled in space and time at the critical temperature We analyse the dynamics of a change of attractor using large deviations techniques at low temperature we recover a description for nucleation We then need to study the stationary points in such a local mean field model this is tackled in the frame of bifurcation theory
Machado, Tristan. "Etude d'aspects universels et non universels par le groupe de renormalisation non perturbatif". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066070.
Testo completoEntrialgo, Frédérique. "Locative media : la mise en oeuvre artistique des technologies de géolocalisation comme médiation esthétique et critique dans la relation corps/réseau/territoire". Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE2030.
Testo completoGaye, Sahite. "Analyse socio-critique de la Société de l’Information : écritures et stratégies d’acteurs du réseau des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication au Sénégal". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20017.
Testo completoThe so-called Information Society is highly tarnished by the media and in the speeches of some organizations such as international institutions which operate in the field of Information Technology and Communication. However, if it exists, its understanding sometimes changes according to the expectations of each other. In Senegal, for instance, actors who revolve around the Information Technology and Communication network do not have the same vision of the company. The public authority’s attempts to define policies mainly reflect the recommendations of the World Summits on the Information Society.In this perspective, the local population set up strategies with practices that are more dictated by the economic and social situation than official texts. The consequences of these uses, of organizational reconfigurations and writings, are analyzed here with tools that will take into account social factors
Moreau, Yves. "Édition critique de la correspondance de Jacob Spon (1647-1685)". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30033.
Testo completoOur thesis focuses on the correspondence of physician and antiquarian Protestant Jacob Spon. To gather all of his letters, in order to achieve a critical edition of its object. Spon correspondence is in the vast European network that form the Republic of Letters, which, in the classical period, trading knowledge, ideas, discoveries and services through an intense exchange of letters. But speaking of "network" in the singular is abusive. Hundreds of networks communicate, create, unmade, confront, overlap. Knowledge is an issue, the résiliaires strategies are developed at a time when Europe introduces a radical critique of the intellectual legacy inherited from antiquity and the Christian tradition. Matches are the vectors of the exchange of knowledge between individual or collective actors.Chronologically, the correspondence of Jacob Spon covers about twenty years of his departure from Lyon to train in medicine, in the years 1665-1667 to his sudden exile to the Refuge in 1685 after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. The corresponding live in most of the major intellectual centers of Western Europe, including Paris, London, Rotterdam, Leipzig, Frankfurt, Geneva, Florence, Milan ... The folds of Protestant scholar, with the exception of a few, are all written in Lyon. To date, we have identified 425 letters: 290 letters received by Spon and 135 sent to its European correspondents.Our approach is guided by the joint letter correspondence. A letter makes sense that being inserted in a set or series that recounts the lives, conditions, constraints and policy concerns, religious, financial, commercial, intellectual, and cultural of the letter writer. We are thus led to the interpretation of single text linking to this piece with a meaningful whole. Correspondence, witness and agent information exchange suggests a network, that is to say, a complex communication structure which fits individual-author.We have identified five key themes in the correspondence doctor Lyonnais.- Networks and social circles frequented by Jacob Spon. The home network is the first circle of sociability and allows to interact with other larger related intellectual affinity networks, mainly on the ancient Greco-Roman heritage in all its aspects: philosophy, religion, history, artifacts, remains ... Jacob Spon maintains a role of cultural mediator in the Republic of Letters between scholars living in Italy, Paris and Protestants States. - The religious sensibility. More than practical, faith defines a part of the identity of the Huguenot scholar. It is a discourse that is based on two arguments: the first is freedom of conscience, the second most original attempts to justify the superiority of the Reformed Church by seniority, based on epigraphy and numismatics and little by law. It should replace the original in the context of religious controversy stirring seventeenth-century France.On the other hand, the joint-antiquarianism-religion helped-it seems a different approach to the art of traditional Calvinist designs.- The religious tolerance. Unlike the idealization of a republic of letters with little regard to religious affiliation, we would test the concept of religious tolerance in Republic of Letters, relying on the case of Spon, who suffered for his faith in the Seventeeth century Catholic France before the revocation of the Edict of Nantes.- Production and dissemination of knowledge through epistolary networks.- The distinction between public and private spheres. Paradoxically, this separation is far from clear in Jacob Spon's papers. The thesis tries to clarify how knowledge is exchanged among scholars , but also to replace the Religion confrontation between Catholics and Protestants within Republic of Letters and strategies of communication in this learned community
Faulkner, Michael. "Phénomènes émergents et topologiques dans les systèmes BKT sur réseau". Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL0984/document.
Testo completoThis thesis addresses the emergent electrostatics of two-dimensional, toroidal magnetic models that possess XY symmetry, providing a platform for novel investigations into the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase transition.The BKT transition drives the thermal dissociation of bound pairs of topological defects in many two-dimensional systems, including the two-dimensional XY model of magnetism. The XY model is closely analogous to the two-dimensional Coulomb gas, but can be simulated without computing the long-range interactions of the Coulombic system. This thesis elucidates this paradox by showing that Villain's approximation to the XY model is strictly equivalent to the Maggs-Rossetto (MR) electrostatic model when applied to the two-dimensional Coulomb gas.The mapping is used to probe the BKT transition through the application of the MR algorithm to the two-dimensional Coulomb gas. By simulating the Coulombic system, fluctuations in the winding of charges around the torus are shown to turn on at the BKT transition temperature. These topological-sector fluctuations in the electric field therefore signal the high-temperature phase of the transition.It is then shown that the effective critical exponent of Bramwell-Holdsworth (BH) theory can be measured in superfluid 4He films, which correspond to effective Coulomb gases in the limit of large but finite system size. With the Coulombic system taken as the base BKT system, it is inferred that BH theory is a general property of BKT systems
Akaaboune, Nor-Eddine. "Diagramme de phase (H, T) du supraconducteur organique (TMTSF)2ClO4 faiblement désordonné". Paris 11, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002215.
Testo completoThe present thesis work, was focusing in particular, on the superconducting state of quasi one dimensional organic conductor (TMTSF)2ClO4. We have determined a new vortex phase diagram of this compound, by interlayer transport measurement, performed under magnetic field applied perpendicular to the layers. Starting from an analysis of the critical current and the superconducting fluctuations, we have demonstrated that the electronic structure of (TMTSF)2ClO4 is three dimensional in nature and the transport along the weakest conductivity axis (c-axis) is very coherent although the coupling is weak in this direction. In the mixed state, the pinning energy in the liquid phase shows a 1/H dependence which corresponds to the plastic bending of the flux line lattice. Finally, we have also studied the effect of the disorder introduced by different thermal cooling rates. Our results show strong modifications on the superconducting parameters
Champenois, Florient. "Configuration et analyse temporelle de réseaux avioniques à sauts multiples". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAT036.
Testo completoIn the field of embedded real times critical networks, the current trend is to increase requirements in terms of embeddability and bandwidth, in order to meet the new challenges posed by autonomous vehicles and drones. To meet these needs, Safran is establishing a new certifiable model of a distributed network based on a mesh topology. This thesis is taking place within this project, in order to propose a set of methods and tools to meet these needs and thus improve embedded critical networks.With this objective in view, the thesis consisted, firstly, of presenting a range of improvements to Safran's new network model by incorporating multi-path redundancy in place of the multi-plane redundancy currently used in aeronautics to satisfy fault tolerance constraints. The thesis also led to the adoption of several measures to improve others networks capabilities.Secondly, the work also focused on the implementation of a method for calculating a pessimistic worst-case transmission time bound. The presence of cycles of dependencies between data flows within these networks impedes the vast majority of current computation methods to converge on a result. Part of the work has therefore consisted in producing an adaptation of the trajectory approach that can address such networks, while offering optimizations to improve scaling.The final part of the work involved implementing a methodology to produce network configurations that satisfy constraints in terms of fault tolerance, transmission time, and embeddability. This method, which is based on a multi-criteria genetic algorithm, also enables the configuration produced to be optimized as a function of several criteria in order to offer a more than satisfactory result.Finally, the approaches presented in this thesis are tested using a complete set of experiments, allowing us to conclude that it is pertinent
Faini, Giulia. "Synaptic changes upon removal of extracellular perineuronal nets in adult mouse visual cortex". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066363/document.
Testo completoThe maturation of sensory processing undergoes a critical period (CP), during which cortical neural circuits are sculpted and changed by experience. The closure of CP is paralleled by the accumulation of extracellular perineuronal nets (PNN) around parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons. The degradation of PNNs in adult animals was shown to re-open the structural plasticity typical of the CP. We aimed at defining i) the neurophysiological properties of PV cells and principal neurons in layer 4 of primary visual cortex (V1) during the establishment of the CP ii) how these properties are altered by PNN accumulation. We found a robust age-dependent increase of input-output firing relationships in both cell types. Importantly, in vivo PNN removal in adult V1 increased both excitatory and inhibitory transmission selectively onto PV, leaving their excitability intact, and recapitulating younger states. In addition, triggering plasticity in vivo by monocular deprivation did not boost the increased activity onto PV cells. Interestingly, paired recordings in layer 4 showed no changes of inhibitory unitary connections, with or without PNNs. In order to understand the circuit mechanisms underlined, we expressed the light-sensitive opsin ChR2 in the visual thalamus. We found that PNN removal increases the recruitment of PV cells by thalamocortical fibers leading to an increase of feedforward inhibition. These results are in agreement with V1 recordings in vivo of visually evoked potentials in response of increasing contrast. Indeed, PNN disruption caused a reduction of the slope of the contrast sensitivity curve, indicating a higher recruitment of inhibition
Shaidiuk, Viacheslav. "Magnétotransport dans les micro-ponts monocristallins de B12212 : mécanisme de dépiégeage et dynamique des vortex". Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR4028/document.
Testo completoIn this work, we deal with depinning and dynamics of vortices (plastic or elastic) with or without pinning centers (0D or 1D). Results were obtained using measurements.Effects of votex-vortex interactions in the vicinity of have been studied for single crystal microbridge of Bi-2212 unirradiated and irradiated with heavy ions parallel to the cristallographic axis (columnar defects or CD). measuremants have been made at low temperature (5 K) and in the vicinity of at different magnetic field .At 5 K, our results show a peak effect at and a hystheresis phenomena for the dependence of which have been attributed to a change in the depinning mechanism and dynamics. The dependence of curves also reveals the presence of one ore more peaks in the dependence of the dynamical resistance . More, the typical law has been verified. The obtained critical exponent varies for lower or higher than for both irradiated and unirradiated samples. The different values are explained by the different depinning mechanisms.In the vicinity of , our results show a two steps depinning mechanism (interstitial vortex and, after, ones which are lodalized on CD). curves obey almost the same law as at low temperature : . The different obtained values are discussed in the framework of the vortex dimensionality (2D or 3D).Finally, the effect of the application of a perpendicular magnetic field component on the vortex delocalization has been studied at both low and high temperature. Our results clearly show the existence of one or more critical angle for the delocalization process
Rufier, Chantal. "Polymères associatifs téléchéliques asymétriques : synthèse, structure et rhéologie". Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20039.
Testo completoIn this manuscript we study telechelic associative polymers (APs) composed of hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) chain (PEO, Mn = 20 000 g/mol) end-capped by hydrophobic groups. Symmetric APs have the same hydrophobic group at each end and asymmetric APs contain an alkyl group on one chain end and a perfluoroalkyl group on the other one. The aim of this work was to establish a relationship between the microscopic structure and the rheological properties of APs in aqueous solution. The asymmetric AP synthesis is carried out by anionic polymerization of ethylene oxide initiated by an hydrocarbon alkoxide, followed by esterification with a perfluoroalkylated carboxylic acid. By this way we can obtain completely end-capped APs with a low polydispersity index. Polymers are purified using a molecularly imprinted polymer MIP. In aqueous solution, APs form aggregates and can lead to a phase separation. To investigate homogeneous solutions a surfactant is added: the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or the lithium perfluorooctyl sulfonate (LFOS). The dilute solution studies in the presence of SDS, by tensiometry, 13C NMR and SANS, enable to determine the aggregate structure as a function of concentrations of the two components. In semi-diluted solution, APs form a transient network with an increase of viscosity. The aqueous solution study by rheology reveals correlations between the AP chemical structure (hydrophobic group length and nature, symmetric or asymmetric AP) and the network rheological characteristics (relaxation time t and elastic modulus G0). The SDS influence is compared with that of the perfluorinated surfactant LFOS
Wang, Yin-Yu. "Réseaux supraconducteurs : température critique et états mixtes". Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10060.
Testo completoAbou, El Kalam Anas. "Sécurité des réseaux et infrastructures critiques". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440784.
Testo completoDao, Vu Hung. "Etude théorique de l'état de vortex dans de nouveaux supraconducteurs : MgB2 et PrOs4Sb12". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011607.
Testo completoSpathis, Panayotis. "Couplage interplan dans Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+∂ : effet du désordre et du champ magnétique". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00465554.
Testo completoOuanani, Saphia. "Étude de réseaux de jonctions Josephson à haute température critique". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS208.
Testo completoThe Josephson junction (JJ) is the basis of many compound superconducting electronic circuits (SQUID detectors millimeter wave RSFQ logic). With the discovery of HTS superconductors (high critical temperature), intensive research has been undertaken to make JJ operating at the temperature of liquid nitrogen (77 K) allowing the use of a compact cryogenics. However, the complexity of these materials has long hampered the development of a viable technology and simple to implement. Among the junctions manufacturing methods, one using the ion beam irradiation has reached a sufficiently high degree of maturity to be able to envisage the production of circuits having thousands of JJ to HTS.The aim of my thesis is based on the fabrication, characterization and study of the electromagnetic properties of Josephson arrays achieved in thin films of YBa2Cu3O7-d. by the ion irradiation method
Daher, Alaa. "Optimisation des réseaux cellulaires pour les communications professionnelles critiques". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLT009/document.
Testo completoBusiness- and mission-critical communications are communications between professional users either from the public safety sector or operating critical infrastructures. Owing to special coverage, priority access, reliability and resilience requirements, as well as additional services for professional users, these communications are conveyed by Professional Mobile Radio (PMR) networks. Driven by the demand growth, significant changes are taking place in the PMR industry. The existing PMR technologies are indeed not well suited to provide high data rates mobile services like video and photo transfers; hence, the adoption of commercial technologies for mission-critical communications is gaining strong momentum. On the other hand, the next generation cellular networks are envisioned to support a large variety of applications and services with heterogeneous performance requirements, i.e., enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB), massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC) and Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC). Recently, mission-critical communications have been classified in a URLLC use case family, characterized by the need to a higher priority over other communications in the networks.In this context, we focus on enhancing the coverage of wireless networks providing group communications, the main service allowed by PMR networks, taking advantage of the current technologies (e.g. Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service), to meet the mission-critical communications needs. First, we evaluate the performance of unicast and multicast transmission techniques, i.e., the Multicast/Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) and Single-Cell Point-To-Multipoint (SC-PTM), in terms of radio quality, system spectral efficiency and cell coverage, assuming static MBSFN configurations. Then, we introduce an analytical model to derive an approximate closed-form formula of the Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) in a MBSFN network.Furthermore, we propose a simple repetition scheme without request, as an alternative to Hybrid Automatic Repeat re-Quest (HARQ), in the aim of improving the network coverage in presence of group communications. By considering the wireless channel characteristics, as well as the service delay constraints, we show that our proposed scheme provides significant gains over traditional repetition schemes.Finally, we assess the trade-off in the cluster’s size of serving cells which arises between network coverage and capacity in multi-point transmissions. We formulate an optimization problem to maintain an acceptable system blocking probability, while maximizing the average SINR of the multicast group users. For group calls, a dynamic cluster of cells is selected based on the minimization of a submodular function that takes into account the traffic in every cell through some weights and the average SINR achieved by the group users. Traffic weights are then optimized using a Nelder-Mead simplex method with the objective of tracking a blocking probability threshold. Results show the importance of dynamic clustering in improving system capacity and coverage
Daher, Alaa. "Optimisation des réseaux cellulaires pour les communications professionnelles critiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLT009.
Testo completoBusiness- and mission-critical communications are communications between professional users either from the public safety sector or operating critical infrastructures. Owing to special coverage, priority access, reliability and resilience requirements, as well as additional services for professional users, these communications are conveyed by Professional Mobile Radio (PMR) networks. Driven by the demand growth, significant changes are taking place in the PMR industry. The existing PMR technologies are indeed not well suited to provide high data rates mobile services like video and photo transfers; hence, the adoption of commercial technologies for mission-critical communications is gaining strong momentum. On the other hand, the next generation cellular networks are envisioned to support a large variety of applications and services with heterogeneous performance requirements, i.e., enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB), massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC) and Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC). Recently, mission-critical communications have been classified in a URLLC use case family, characterized by the need to a higher priority over other communications in the networks.In this context, we focus on enhancing the coverage of wireless networks providing group communications, the main service allowed by PMR networks, taking advantage of the current technologies (e.g. Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service), to meet the mission-critical communications needs. First, we evaluate the performance of unicast and multicast transmission techniques, i.e., the Multicast/Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) and Single-Cell Point-To-Multipoint (SC-PTM), in terms of radio quality, system spectral efficiency and cell coverage, assuming static MBSFN configurations. Then, we introduce an analytical model to derive an approximate closed-form formula of the Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) in a MBSFN network.Furthermore, we propose a simple repetition scheme without request, as an alternative to Hybrid Automatic Repeat re-Quest (HARQ), in the aim of improving the network coverage in presence of group communications. By considering the wireless channel characteristics, as well as the service delay constraints, we show that our proposed scheme provides significant gains over traditional repetition schemes.Finally, we assess the trade-off in the cluster’s size of serving cells which arises between network coverage and capacity in multi-point transmissions. We formulate an optimization problem to maintain an acceptable system blocking probability, while maximizing the average SINR of the multicast group users. For group calls, a dynamic cluster of cells is selected based on the minimization of a submodular function that takes into account the traffic in every cell through some weights and the average SINR achieved by the group users. Traffic weights are then optimized using a Nelder-Mead simplex method with the objective of tracking a blocking probability threshold. Results show the importance of dynamic clustering in improving system capacity and coverage
Rodière, Pierre. "Supraconductivité et magnétisme dans le composé à électrons fortement corrélés UPt3". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10025.
Testo completoHaubrichs, dos Santos Cleber. "Étienne Bobillier (1798-1840) : parcours mathématique, enseignant et professionnel". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0224/document.
Testo completoThis work is a biographical study centered on Étienne BOBILLIER (1798-1840), a French geometer of the first half of the nineteenth century and a teacher in a school of arts and crafts, a secondary school in a provincial town in France. First, we present some considerations on the use of biography in history of science and its importance for understanding the collective nature of scientific production. Then, we defend the necessity of a Bobillier's biography that brings new contributions to the historiography of the geometry to the first half of the 19th century (especially projective analytic geometry); and the history of mathematics education in the same period. Following, we present, like a panoramic view, some biographical information that allows a first aproach to Bobillier's works, contexts and person. In particular, we show an outline of the mathematical and teaching career of the protagonist of this study, framed by a period of 110 years of history. This work continues with two detailed studies around the geometrics research of Bobillier. The first study is about the geometry of situation, where we take a look at the divergent conceptions of Gergonne and Poncelet, although also on the original contributions of Bobillier. It includes the collective fabrication of the geometry of situation in the Annales de Gergonne through the method of network of texts. The second study is about the evolution of the method said method of abridge notation, used as a demonstration strategy in analytic geometry
Rozel, Benoît. "La sécurisation des infrastructures critiques : recherche d'une méthodologie d'identification des vulnérabilités et modélisation des interdépendances". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0037.
Testo completoThe research work presented in this PhD thesis deals with Critical Infrastructure Protection. Critical infrastructures are defined as the set of essential networks for the normal functioning of our modern society. This work is particularly focused on the electrical grid and the communication and information networks. Interdependencies between these networks create new vulnerabilities. In order to understand and reduce them, two different approaches were explored. The first one is the building of a multi-infrastructure combined simulator. The second one is the proposal of an original multi-infrastructure model based on the complex networks theory. Thanks to this modelling, dedicated studies were accomplished, principally on the evaluation of the communication network impact on blackouts in power systems
Rozel, Benoît. "La sécurisation des infrastructures critiques : recherche d'une méthodologie d'identification des vulnérabilités et modélisation des interdépendances". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00407661.
Testo completoAmeziane, El Hassani Abdeljebar. "Le contrôle d'accès des réseaux et grandes infrastructures critiques distribuées". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/15962/1/ameziane.pdf.
Testo completoGodary, Karen. "Validation temporelle de réseaux embarqués critiques et fiables pour l'automobiles". Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0068/these.pdf.
Testo completoIn the automotive domain, the current tendency for the manufacturers is to replace hydraulic and mechanical systems by x-by-wire systems : electronic components communicating through a network. Two particular aspects of the reliability of this architectures are studied in this work: the temporal aspect and its fault tolerance. In order to guarantee the reliability of this critical systems, it is necessary to verify the respect of their constraints by validation. Works of this thesis is devoted to the temporal validation in presence of faults of a specific architecture dedicated to these systems: TTA (Time-Triggered Structure), and propose a methodology of validation for this architecture. For that, it was necessary to choose a modelling formalism which fits well to the characteristics of the architecture and its constraints, in particular on the temporal domain. A theoretical and experimental comparative study of several formalisms led us to choose the TSA (Time Safety Automata), extension of the timed automata implemented in the UPPAAL tool. The obtained model is then analysed by model-checking. This methodology allowed the validation of the temporal bounds of the TTA services, i. E. Their worst execution time, under different faults hypotheses. It completes the existent validation processes for TTA, on the one hand the approaches such as test, simulation and fault injection which are not exhaustive, and on the other hand formal approaches (proof of theorems) which did not allow to take into account the temporal bounds or the interaction of the algorithms
Méasson, Marie-Aude. "La skutterudite PrOs4Sb12 : supraconductivité et corrélations". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012062.
Testo completode la masse des quasi-particules, la nature et le mécanisme à l'origine de la supraconductivité et la nature intrinsèque ou extrinsèque de la double transition supraconductrice vue en chaleur spécifique.
Nous proposons une interpolation de la chaleur spécifique en phase normale en tenant compte des interactions magnétiques entre ions Pr. Nous extrayons alors un terme électronique de chaleur spécifique compris entre 300 et 750mJ/K2.mol(Pr). L'analyse du saut en chaleur spécifique à la transition supraconductrice confirme que les quasi-particules lourdes sont impliquées dans la supraconductivité et que la supraconductivité est en régime de couplage fort. Des caractérisations systématiques par chaleur spécifique, résistivité et susceptibilité indiquent que la double transition apparaît dans les meilleurs échantillons. Néanmoins nous apportons les premiers doutes sérieux sur sa nature intrinsèque, parce que nous avons trouvé plusieurs échantillons avec une unique transition étroite et parce qu'une forte dispersion dans la valeur du rapport des deux sauts en chaleur spécifique a été mise en évidence. De plus, en établissant les diagrammes de phase supraconducteurs sous champ magnétique et sous pression jusqu'à 4.2 GPa par chaleur spécifique alternative, nous montrons que les deux transitions
supraconductrices Tc1 et Tc2 présentent des comportements similaires. Nous avançons l'hypothèse que le fort changement dans l'évolution des Tc sous pression au dessus de 2 GPa est dû à un changement de nature de la supraconductivité (impliquant des fluctuations puis uniquement phononique à respectivement basse et haute pression) en lien avec l'augmentation du gap de champ cristallin des ions Pr sous pression. L'analyse du second champ critique Hc2(T) montrent la présence d'au moins deux bandes supraconductrices et conclue à la nature singulet du spin des paires de Cooper. Une forte distorsion du réseau de vortex, constante avec le champ et la température, est obtenue par diffraction de neutrons. Des mesures supplémentaires ou un nouveau calcul seraient nécessaires pour trancher entre une explication basée sur la présence de zéros dans le gap supraconducteur et une analyse basée sur la topologie de la surface de Fermi en symétrie Th.
Vetel, Jérôme. "Dynamique des systèmes magnétiques désordonnés de type Ising Fe0. 35Mg0. 65Br2 et Fe0. 8Mg0. 2Cl2". Toulouse, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAT0005.
Testo completoKnezevic, Milan. "Propriétés critiques de quelques modèles de physique statistique sur réseaux fractals". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066294.
Testo completoHadjidj, Abdelkrim. "Réseaux de capteurs sans fil pour la supervision des systèmes critiques". Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2044.
Testo completoCoulais, Corentin. "Milieux granulaires vibrés proches du Jamming: Des liquides figés aux solides mous". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00764093.
Testo completoTajeuna, Etienne Gaël. "Suivi des communautés dans les réseaux sociaux dynamiques". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8559.
Testo completoInyang, Enobong Joseph. "Étude des conceptions théoriques de deux traductologues anglophones, Peter Newmark et Eugène Nida, à la lumière de la théorie interprétative de la traduction". Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030161/document.
Testo completoThe aim of our dissertation is to examine the literalist theoretical view of Peter Newmark and the sociolinguistic theoretical view of Eugene Nida in the light of the interpretative theory of translation of Danica Seleskovitch and Marianne Lederer. Newmark and Nida are Anglophone theorists of translation, while Seleskovitch and Lederer are French theorists. We want to see how three theories from different linguistic worlds developed in the second part of the 20th century and at the same time compare and contrast them
Han, Fangyuan. "Cadres pour l'analyse multi-perspective des infrastructures critiques". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC011/document.
Testo completoCritical infrastructures (CIs) provide essential goods and service for modern society. Their safety and reliability are primary concerns. The complexity of CIs calls for approaches of system analysis capable of viewing the problem from multiple perspectives. The focus of the present thesis is on the integration of the control perspective into the safety and reliability analysis of CIs. The integration is first approached by investigating the control properties of a small network system, i.e., an electric power microgrid. A simulation-based scheme is developed for the analysis from different perspectives: supply service, controllability and topology. An optimization-based model predictive control framework is proposed to analyze the microgrid under various failure scenarios. Then, a multi-perspective framework is developed to analyze CIs with respect to supply service, controllability and topology. This framework enables identifying the role of the CI elements and quantifying the consequences of scenarios of multiple failures, with respect to the different perspectives considered. To demonstrate the analysis framework, a benchmark network representative of a real gas transmission network across several countries of the European Union (EU) is considered as case study. At last, a multi-objective optimization framework is proposed for complex CIs design: design of network topology and allocation of link capacities are performed in an optimal way to minimize the non-supplied demand and the structural complexity of the system, while at the same time to maximize the system controllability. Investigation on the multiple objectives considered is performed to retrieve useful insights for system design. The findings of this thesis demonstrate the importance of developing frameworks of analysis of CIs that allow considering different perspectives relevant for CIs design, operation and protection
Recoba, Pawlowski Eliana. "Réseaux de SQUIDs à haute température critique pour applications dans le domaine des récepteurs hyperfréquences". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS121/document.
Testo completoSuperconducting Quantum Interference Filters (SQIF) are Josephson circuits very sensitive to magnetic field. They are made of arrays of SQUIDs (Superconducting QUantum Interference Devices). The latter, when operated alone, doesn’t allows absolute magnetic field measurements and have to be used with a flux locked loop, which limits the frequency band of operation. SQIFs doesn’t have such limitations and they offer the possibility to combine compactness, sensitivity and wide band of frequency at the same time. Because of this, SQIFs are serious concurrents to classical antennas in microwave applications. Experimental measurements made with HTS SQIFs and irradiated Josephson junctions shows that it is possible to detect microwave signals up to 5 GHz in an unshielded environment, and near field configuration. To perform better detection, it is important to match impedance of circuits. In the goal to do this and to improve DC characteristics, different network geometries are studied. At the end this study allows to define which parameters are important in the design of SQIF circuits for microwave detection
Lemattre, Thibault. "Allocation de fonctions de commande de systèmes critiques par recherche d'atteignabilité dans un réseau d'automates communicants". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00916583.
Testo completoEhsan, Muhammad. "Couche MAC adaptative pour les applications critiques de surveillance à base d’un réseau de capteurs d’image". Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3005/document.
Testo completoWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are designed for the purpose of completing different monitoring tasks under various environmental conditions. The small electronic devices called sensors are capable of sensing, processing and communicating the environmental data through multi-hop communication and coordination. These devices have limited resources (memory, computing capabilities) and usually run on batteries. This is the reason the research on wireless sensor networks have been focused on energy efficiency and self-organization of the network. We consider mission-critical surveillance applications in our research work. These applications can have different requirements than traditional WSNs. In addition, we use image sensor nodes, whose activity is defined based on criticality of the application. The criticality-based scheduling scheme defines sentry nodes with faster capture rates, to have higher probability to detect intrusions and to alert neighbor nodes. At Medium Access Control (MAC) Layer level, duty cycled approaches are used to preserve energy and prolong the network lifetime. However, while conserving energy, mission-critical surveillance applications cannot compromise on quality of surveillance and the network should still be able to quickly propagate the alert messages. In this thesis, we propose a low latency, energy efficient adaptive MAC protocol. We first propose an original approach to dynamically determine the duty-cycle length of sensor nodes to increase the probability of quick propagation of alerts. Simulation results confirmed that our approach succeeds in improving the system responsiveness when compared to a static duty-cycling approach. At the same time, our proposition considerably reduces the energy consumption of the network. Then, we implemented our approach on sensor node hardware and results were found to be very close to our simulation results
Bianchini, Samuel. "Opérer dans la réalité médiatique : pour une pratique critique des images interactives". Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010612.
Testo completoPham, Thi Thu Hà. "Influences de la production décentralisée sur la gestion des infrastructures critiques des réseaux de puissance". Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0123.
Testo completoThe objective of this thesis is, based on the analyses of the dispersed generation (DG) impacts in the electrical networks (transmission and distribution), to propose a new methodology of management of the critical situations in the power system with large scale of decentralized production penetration. This new methodology based on the intentional islanding concept at multiple levels of voltage using the DG. The developed idea was to integrate the new DG's exploitation modes in the action plans of electrical power system in the great disturbance case or total black-out by using different multi-level and multi-objective optimization techniques with constraints. This method is named Deep Build Together for considering the rebuilding simultaneous in upstream and downstream processes by transmission and distribution networks. Thereby, in case of major failure, many customers (in particular the priority customers) would be restored earlier and the system restoration duration would be reduced. Numerous technical aspects had been analyzed to justify the feasibility of this methodology. A parametrical comparison, in function of DG penetration rate, between the proposed strategy Deep Build Together and the one which is actually used, allowed the first validation of this new strategy of management of the critical situations
De, Albuquerque Silva Iryna. "Implantation certifiable et efficace de réseaux de neurones sur des systèmes embarqués temps-réel critiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, ISAE, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ESAE0033.
Testo completoContext. Aeronautics envisions the use of machine learning (ML) algorithms, and in particular neural networks, to help and improve tasks such as navigation, predictive maintenance, and air traffic control. However, their use in safety-critical products raises several questions regarding compliance with normativerequirements, which aim to guarantee correctness from the design to the implementation of the intendedfunction. Thus, in order to allow the use of ML-based systems in aeronautics, guidelines, such as theARP6983 standard, are currently being drafted. They complete the DO-178C, the reference guidance for the implementation process of software items. This thesis studies the safe real-time implementation of feed-forward deep neural networks on embedded avionics systems. In particular, we focus on the offline trained and verified neural network model, named inference model. The purpose of this work is then to provide an approach that enables the implementation of the inference model in compliance with avionics requirements.Approach. We define a number of quantifiable objectives necessary to guarantee the inference model’ssafe and correct implementation. These objectives do not represent all the requirements present in nor-mative standards, but are recognized as complex to obtain for the traditional ML software developmentprocess and are in accordance with the guidelines under construction, i.e. EASA roadmaps and the ARP6983 standard. We notably identify certification objectives regarding (i) a precise description of the inference model’s functionality, (ii) the semantics preservation and traceability between the inference model description and the final executable, (iii) the timing predictability of the implementation, and (iv) an efficient usage of the available resources.Contributions. To correctly implement the inference model an important initial requirement is to have its semantics formally defined. Hence, our first contribution concerns the formalization of the semantics of each layer of the inference model as mathematical functions. Afterwards, we proceed to develop ACETONE, which stands for “Avionics C code generator for Neural Networks”. ACETONE is a framework that, from the inference model description, automatically generates a semantically equivalent and predictable C code. We evaluate the framework on a realistic set of use cases to verify the compliance of our approach with the derived certification objectives. Moreover, we are able to compare the proposed approach against two state-of-the-art inference tools. Lastly, we work on improving the code generated by ACETONE, notably concerning the implementation of resource-expensive functions, in particular of the Convolutional layer. We focus on a Convolutional layer optimization that interprets the convolution operator as a matrix-matrix multiplication. However, state-of-the-art implementations of linear algebra routines rely on libraries that are not compatible with avionics requirements. We thus propose a predictable and traceable yet efficient implementation of a blocked general matrix-matrix multiplication (GEMM) algorithm. We then provide a set of rules for tuning the algorithm’s blocking parameters and predict with precision its number of memory accesses and cache misses, which paves the way for a static WCET analysis
Luck, Jean-Marc. "Propriétés critiques de systèmes désordonnés". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066122.
Testo completoYoussef, Anis. "Réseau de communication à haut niveau d'intégrité pour des systèmes de commande-contrôle critiques intégrant des nappes de microsystèmes". Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00111808.
Testo completoL'étude que nous avons effectuée sur des réseaux standard montre que les protections classiques à base de codes CRC ne permettent pas d'obtenir le niveau d'intégrité visé.
Pour l'atteindre, nous avons proposé une solution originale - fonction de contrôle évolutive - qui tire profit du fait que, pour les systèmes de commande-contrôle envisagés (systèmes à dynamique lente), l'intégrité est à considérer sur un lot de messages et non sur un seul message. La solution proposée a ensuite été validée via des simulations Matlab-Simulink.
Le cas d'étude utilisé est celui de systèmes de commande de vol du futur, en vue de pouvoir commander des nappes de milliers de micro-surfaces tels que des micro-spoilers.
Le, Van Viet. "Optimisation temporelle des réseaux programmables à base de LUT". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345358.
Testo completoDiop, El hadji Serigne Mamour. "Optimisation de la transmission d'images dans les réseaux de capteurs pour des applications critiques de surveillance". Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3011/document.
Testo completoRecent advances of inexpensive and low-power CMOS cameras and MEMS mi- crophones have led to the emergence of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs). WMSNs promise a wide spectrum of potential applications which require to ubiquitously capture multimedia content (visual and audio information). To support the transmission of multimedia content in a resource constrained environment, WMSNs may require a certain level of quality of service (QoS) in terms of delay, bandwidth, jitter, reliability, quality level etc. In this thesis, we consider Wireless Image Sensor Networks (WISNs) where sensor nodes equipped with miniaturized visual cameras to provide accurate information in various geographical parts of an area of interest can be thrown in mass for mission-critical applications such as intrusion detection or search & rescue. An innovative and important aspect of this thesis is to take into account the criticality of applications. The network adopts an adaptive scheduling of image sensor node’s activity based on the application criticality level, where each node computes its cover-sets. So, event detection triggers the simulataneous transmission of a large volume of visual data from multiples sources to the Sink. The main objective of this thesis is to optimize this simultaneous transmission of images that can degrade network performance. With this goal in mind, we first proposed a multi-criteria approach to select the suitable cover-sets to be activated for reliable transmission of images in mission-critical applications. The proposed approach takes into account various parameters that affect the image quality at the Sink in a multi-hop transmission network and guarantees a compromise between autonomy and criticality. A modified version of GPSR routing protocol supporting the transmission of multimedia streams ensures the transfer of images from selected sources to the Sink. The second contribution consists in an optimized selection strategy based on 2-hop neighborhood information to determine the most relevant cover-sets to be activated to increase reliability for image transmission. This selection approach prioritizes the application’s criticality. A multipath extension of GPSR, called T-GPSR, wherein routing decisions are based 2-hop neighborhood information is also proposed. A performance study of the sink mobility on proposals based on 2-hop information is our third contribution
Nouvel, Maguelone. "Les idées sociales de Frédéric Le Play : réseaux de diffusion, réception critique et incidences politiques sous le Second Empire". Montpellier 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON30020.
Testo completoThe first years of the Third republic threw disrepute onto the Imperial Regime and onto the thinkers who were associated to it. From then on and after so many vicissitudes Frédéric Le Play’s work and career are still partially unknown. Nevertheless, this engineer, original thinker and relentless investigator knew an exceptional public and intellectual vivid life under the reign of Napoleon 3rd. Graduated from Polytechnique High School, State Counsellor then Senator, he gained the Emperor’s confidence and saw a good deal of the élite of his time. As a methodical observer and a committed theorist he published The European Workers in 1855 and The Social Reform in France in 1864, two scientific works that aimed at reforms and made a stir at that time. Frédéric Le Play, a pioneer in terms of empirical studies, made up an original social theory that aimed at launching France onto of a path reforms. Gathering all the facets of the social and political life his stands raised his contemporaries’ attention and urged the leaders of the main streams of thought to take a stand. As an advocate of moral standards, of patronage, of devolution, of the traditional family and of the freedom to make a will, the author was first seen as conservative. Though, he was in favor of an economical liberalism and fundamental liberties and as such seems to have intended to have himself registered as a modern thinker. And so controversies as to the relevance and originality of his work have been far and numerous. How did his contemporaries react to his social ideas ? What was their scope at that time ? Which network did the author benefit from as to his publication ? How far did his contemporaries’ reactions underline the originality of his social thought ? These are the fundamental questions that this work aims at answering to with the help of many and original sources
Sanchez, Torres José Libardo. "Vulnérabilité, interdépendance et analyse des risques des postes sources et des modes d’exploitation décentralisés des réseaux électriques". Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENT104/document.
Testo completoIn view of the increasing use of Information and Communication Technol-ogies in power systems, it is essential to study the interdependencies between these coupled heterogeneous systems. This thesis focuses on the modeling of multi- infrastructure systems. This includes interdependencies and the three major failures families: common mode, escalat-ing and cascading. It is indeed necessary to identify the weaknesses that can trigger one or multiple failure(s) and cascade through these interdependent infrastructures, causing unex-pected and increasingly more serious failures to other infrastructures. In this context, different approaches, based on the theory of Complex Networks, are developed to identify the most critical components in the coupled heterogeneous system. One of the major scientific barriers addressed in this thesis is the development of a unified mathematical model to represent the behavior
Merzoug, Ibrahim. "Validation formelle des systèmes numériques critiques : génération de l'espace d'états de réseaux de Petri exécutés en synchrone". Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS001/document.
Testo completoThe HILECOP methodology has been developed for the formal design of critical complex digital systems; it therefore covers the entire design process, ranging from modeling to code generation for implementation on the hardware target (FPGA type electronic component), via formal validation. However, if the formal model, the Petri nets in this case, is inherently asynchronous, it is nevertheless executed synchronously on the target. In fact, the usual analysis approaches are not adapted in the sense that they construct state graphs that do not conform to the real state evolution within the target. In order to gain confidence in the validity of the results of the formal analysis, this work aims to capture the so-called non-functional characteristics, to reify them on the model and finally to consider their impact through the analysis.In other words, the aim is to improve the expressiveness of the model and the relevance of the analysis, considering aspects such as clock synchronization, effective parallelism, the risk of blocking induced by the expression of an event (condition) and a time window of occurrence, without omitting the management of exceptions.To deal with all these aspects, we have proposed a new method of analysis for extended generalized synchronous executed time Petri nets, transforming them into an analysable equivalent formalism. This formalism is associated with a formal semantics integrating all the particular aspects of the execution and dédicated state space construction algorithm: the Synchronous Behavior Graph.Our work has been applied to an industrial case, more precisely to the validation of the behavior of the digital part of a neuro-stimulator
Condamine, Romain. "Charles Michel-Ange Challe (1716-1778) : peintre d’histoire et dessinateur de la Chambre et du Cabinet du Roi. Mobilité sociale et professionnelle d’un artiste au XVIIIe siècle". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL013.
Testo completoCharles Michel-Ange Challe (1716-1778) began as an History painter, a professor of geometry and perspective at the Royal Academy in Paris, before being appointed as Dessinateur de la Chambre et du Cabinet du roi. He was born among a family of Parisian craftsmen, with no link with the numerous dynasties of artists flourishing during this era. The way he pursued his life attest to his outstanding professional emancipation. At the same time, the personal life of the artist, whose background was very modest, attest to a certain social mobility, marked by many recognitions such as his academic affiliations, his links with the Nattier family and the exceptional progress of his economic, cultural and social situation. Punctuated by as many chaos as victories, the career of Michel-Ange Challe, alternately acting, subordinate, forced or emancipated, illustrate in many ways the situation of the parisian artists in the mid of the 18th century
Burdin, Sébastien. "Le réseau Kondo à basse température : du liquide de Fermi au liquide de spin". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10101.
Testo completoThis thesis revolves around a main subject : the theoretical study of the Kondo effect in heavy fermions when the magnetic impurity concentration is high. In the first part, the influence of the variation of the concentration of conducting electrons on the Kondo lattice is studied at low temperature (exhaustion problem). This effect can be observed experimentaly in some Cerium and Uranium compounds, whose coherence temperature can be considerably small compared to the predictions of single impurity models. The study is made both analyticaly and numericaly in the "large-N" limit, where N is the number of spin components. Whereas the single impurity models are caracterised at low temperature by a single energy scale, Tk, this thesis confirms the existence for the Kondo lattice of a second scale T*, caracterising the appearance of the Fermi liquid behavior. In the second part, the effects of disorder and magnetic frustration are studied analyticaly, within the dynamical mean field theory formalism, in the "large-N" limit. A quantum critical point (QCP) is obtained between a heavy Fermi liquid regime and a spin liquid regime. The physical properties of the system are computed in the Kondo phase. In particular, a strong decrease of T* and Tk is obtained in the vicinity of the QCP. This result is correlated with the large effective mass that has been experimentaly mesured for the compound LiV24. Finaly, the third part presents a preliminary study and the outline of the computation procedure leading to the numerical determination of the magnetic phase diagram of the periodic Anderson Model, using the dynamical mean field theory method