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Tesi sul tema "Reptiles"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021
Ultima modifica: 30 luglio 2024

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1

Gavira, Rodrigo Samuel Bueno [UNESP]. "Determinantes do aumento metabólico pós-prandial em urutus, Bothrops alternatus (Serpentes, Viperidae)". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99548.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O grupo das serpentes é formado por animais estritamente carnívoros que ingerem suas presas inteiras, sem mastigação. Algumas espécies podem tolerar períodos prolongados de jejum intercalados com ingestão ocasional de presas muito grandes em relação à sua massa corpórea. Tais serpentes apresentam, dentre todos os vertebrados, algumas das mais dramáticas especializações morfológicas, comportamentais e fisiológicas associadas à alimentação. Uma das consequências da ingestão de grandes massas de alimento é o excepcional aumento da taxa metabólica pós-prandial, referido como Ação Dinâmica Específica (ADE). A magnitude dessa resposta metabólica pós-prandial depende essencialmente do tamanho e da natureza do alimento, associado a fatores como o tamanho corpóreo e a temperatura do ambiente. No entanto, raros são os trabalhos que caracterizaram a ADE de espécies de serpentes neotropicais e examinaram os fatores que potencialmente poderiam afetar esta resposta. Deste modo, ao longo dos dois capítulos que compõem a presente dissertação, investiguei alguns dos determinantes proximais do aumento metabólico pós-prandial da urutu-cruzeiro, Bothrops alternatus (Serpentes, Viperidae). O capítulo I foi dedicado à investigação dos efeitos da temperatura e do termoperíodo sobre a ADE de Bothrops alternatus (Serpentes, Viperidae). O capítulo II foi dedicado ao estudo dos efeitos do tamanho da presa sobre a ADE de Bothrops alternatus (Serpentes, Viperidae). Nossos resultados mostraram que o aumento da temperatura corpórea é acompanhado por uma aceleração do processo digestivo às custas de um maior incremento metabólico. A variação destes parâmetros ocorre de maneira inteiramente proporcional de forma que a energética da ADE não foi afetada pela variação da temperatura...
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2

Ballen, Margaret. "Biology of colour signalling reptiles". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10034.

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Given abundant evidence that suggests colour patches serve as important social signals in reptiles, the ‘honesty’ of such colours can be best understood in relation to the mechanisms mediating colour expression. One such mechanism is oxidative stress by free radicals. The first part of my PhD thesis thus focuses on factors that dictate signal phenotype and expression with an emphasis on free radicals, which constrain fitness-related traits such as colour. We show that systemic free radical levels change in opposing ways among the sexes in response to different activity levels in the painted dragon lizard, Ctenophorus pictus. We demonstrate that oxidative stress strongly contributes to telomere attrition, which is also influenced by maternal telomere length, and may be counterbalanced by maternal reproductive investment. Systemic free radicals are negatively associated with total ROS production by immune cells after an immune challenge, and antioxidant status is negatively related to ROS production after the immune challenge. The second part of my thesis largely explores how developmental conditions and previous social experiences shape behaviour, phenotype, and colour expression in the veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus). Incubation temperature affects hatchling behaviour and morphology, but fitness costs associated with being incubated in low (suboptimal) nest temperatures may be offset by superior post-hatch growth and foraging abilities later in life. Incubation temperature, along with egg mass, also determines sex in veiled chameleons. Previous social experience also affects subsequent social behaviour and colour in chameleons. Social interactions during the first two months of life affected a chameleon’s behavioural and colour responses to newly-encountered conspecifics in standardised social trials. We conclude that social isolation early in life can impair the development of squamate reptiles, as it does in mammals and birds.
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3

Gavira, Rodrigo Samuel Bueno. "Determinantes do aumento metabólico pós-prandial em urutus, Bothrops alternatus (Serpentes, Viperidae) /". Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99548.

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Abstract (sommario):
Orientador: Denis Otavio Vieira de Andrade
Banca: José Eduardo de Carvalho
Banca: Fernando Ribeiro Gomes
Resumo: O grupo das serpentes é formado por animais estritamente carnívoros que ingerem suas presas inteiras, sem mastigação. Algumas espécies podem tolerar períodos prolongados de jejum intercalados com ingestão ocasional de presas muito grandes em relação à sua massa corpórea. Tais serpentes apresentam, dentre todos os vertebrados, algumas das mais dramáticas especializações morfológicas, comportamentais e fisiológicas associadas à alimentação. Uma das consequências da ingestão de grandes massas de alimento é o excepcional aumento da taxa metabólica pós-prandial, referido como Ação Dinâmica Específica (ADE). A magnitude dessa resposta metabólica pós-prandial depende essencialmente do tamanho e da natureza do alimento, associado a fatores como o tamanho corpóreo e a temperatura do ambiente. No entanto, raros são os trabalhos que caracterizaram a ADE de espécies de serpentes neotropicais e examinaram os fatores que potencialmente poderiam afetar esta resposta. Deste modo, ao longo dos dois capítulos que compõem a presente dissertação, investiguei alguns dos determinantes proximais do aumento metabólico pós-prandial da urutu-cruzeiro, Bothrops alternatus (Serpentes, Viperidae). O capítulo I foi dedicado à investigação dos efeitos da temperatura e do termoperíodo sobre a ADE de Bothrops alternatus (Serpentes, Viperidae). O capítulo II foi dedicado ao estudo dos efeitos do tamanho da presa sobre a ADE de Bothrops alternatus (Serpentes, Viperidae). Nossos resultados mostraram que o aumento da temperatura corpórea é acompanhado por uma aceleração do processo digestivo às custas de um maior incremento metabólico. A variação destes parâmetros ocorre de maneira inteiramente proporcional de forma que a energética da ADE não foi afetada pela variação da temperatura... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Not available
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4

Quinn, Alexander E., e n/a. "EVOLUTION OF SEX-DETERMINING MECHANISMS IN REPTILES". University of Canberra. Institute for Applied Ecology, 2008. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20090311.120346.

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Reptiles exhibit marked diversity in sex-determining mechanisms. Many species exhibit genotypic sex determination (GSD) with male heterogamety (XX females/XY males), others have GSD with female heterogamety (ZW females/ZZ males), and still others exhibit temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD). The distribution of these mechanisms throughout the reptile phylogeny implies evolutionary lability in sex determination, and in some lineages there has been a number of transitions between GSD and TSD. Despite this diversity, GSD and TSD have traditionally been viewed as mutually-exclusive mechanisms of sex determination in reptiles, since there is little evidence for their co-occurrence. Considerable empirical and theoretical effort has been directed towards understanding the adaptive significance of TSD in reptiles. In comparison, there has been little focus on understanding how evolutionary transitions between GSD and TSD occur at a genetic and mechanistic level. I addressed this question by applying both empirical and theoretical approaches to investigate interaction of genotypic and temperature influences in the sex determination of two endemic species of Australian lizards. The three-lined skink, Bassiana duperreyi, has XX/XY chromosomal sex determination, yet a previous investigation reported a significant male bias in the sex ratio of eggs incubated at low temperatures. To enable an explicit test for temperature induced sex reversal in this species, a 185 bp Y chromosome marker was isolated by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. The marker was subsequently converted into a duplex PCR assay that co-amplified a 185 bp (or 92 bp) Y chromosome fragment and a 356 bp fragment of the single-copy nuclear gene C-mos (from both sexes) as a positive control. The accuracy of the PCR sex assay was tested on 78 individuals for which sex reversal was not expected. PCR genotype and sex phenotype were concordant for 96% of the animals. This is one of the very few sex tests developed for a reptile, and the first report of Y chromosome sequence from a reptile. The PCR assay was subsequently applied to genotype hatchlings from both cool (16-7.5C) and warm (22-7.5C) cyclical incubation temperature treatments, and identified sex reversal in 15% of genotypically female (XX) embryos (n=26) from the cool treatment, but no sex reversal in eggs from the warmer treatment (n=35). Thus, low incubation temperatures can over-ride genotypic sex determination in B. duperreyi, indicating that GSD and TSD co-occur in this species. The Central bearded dragon, Pogona vitticeps (Agamidae), has ZZ/ZW chromosomal sex determination, and is a member of a lizard family in which GSD and TSD are both widespread, indicating evolutionary lability in sex determination. AFLP analysis was applied to isolate homologous Z and W chromosome-linked markers (71 bp and 72 bp, respectively) from this species. The AFLP sequences were subsequently extended into larger genomic fragments by a reiterated genome walking procedure, producing three non-overlapping contigs of 1.7 kb, 2.2 kb and 4.5 kb. The latter two fragments were verified as distinct, homologous Z/W chromosome fragments by PCR analyses. An amplified 3 kb fragment of the 4.5 kb contig was physically mapped to metaphase spreads, identifying the W microchromosome, and for the first time in this species, the Z microchromosome. PCR analyses indicated the presence of homologous sequences in other Australian agamid species, including both GSD and TSD species. The isolated sequences should therefore prove useful as a comparative genomic tool for investigating the genomic changes that have occurred in evolutionary transitions between sexdetermining mechanisms in agamids, by enabling the identification of chromosomes in TSD species that are homologous to the sex chromosomes of P. vitticeps. The isolated sequences were further converted into a duplex DNA sex assay that co-amplified a 224 bp W chromosome fragment and a 963 bp positive control fragment in both sexes. This PCR assay diagnosed chromosomal sex in three Pogona species, but was not effective outside the genus. Incubation treatment of P. vitticeps eggs revealed a strong and increasing female bias at high constant temperatures (34-36C), but an unbiased sex ratio between 22-32C. Hatchlings from three clutches split between 28C and 34 or 36C incubation treatments were genotyped with the W chromosome AFLP marker. At 28C, the sex ratio was 1:1 but the high temperature treatments produced 2 males and 33 females. All but one of the 30 lizards (97%) incubated at 28C had concordant sex phenotype and genotype, but only 18 of 35 animals (51%) from the high temperature treatment were concordant. All discordant animals were genotypic males (ZZ) that developed as females. Thus, temperature and genotypic influences can interact to determine sex in P. vitticeps. These empirical findings for B. duperreyi and P. vitticeps were extended into a novel theory for the evolution of sex-determining mechanisms in reptiles, working within the framework that species with temperature-induced reversal of chromosomal sex determination are a window to transitional stages of evolution between GSD and TSD. A model was derived from the observation that in both lizards, an extreme of incubation temperature causes sex reversal of the homogametic genotype. In this model, the strength of a genetic regulatory signal for sex determination must exceed a threshold for development of the homogametic sex to occur (male in Pogona, female in Bassiana). The strength of this signal is also temperature-sensitive, so diminishes at extremes of temperature. Simulation modelling demonstrated that increasing the relative magnitude of the threshold for sexual development can cause evolutionary transitions between GSD and TSD. Even more remarkably, decreasing the relative magnitude of the threshold value causes an evolutionary transition between female and male heterogametic GSD. Quantitative adjustment of a single model parameter (the threshold value) thus charts a continuous evolutionary pathway between the three principal mechanisms of sex determination in reptiles (XX/XY-ZZ/ZW-TSD), which were previously considered to be qualitatively distinct mechanisms. The experimental demonstration of temperature-induced reversal of chromosomal sex determination in both B. duperreyi and P. vitticeps presents a challenge to the traditional view that reptilian sex determination is strictly dichotomous (GSD or TSD), and suggests instead that sex determination in reptiles consists of a continuum of systems of interaction between genotypic and temperature influences. Simulation modelling provided solid theoretical support for this proposition, demonstrating that transitions along this continuum are effected simply through shifts in the mean population value for the sex-determining threshold, without requiring substantial genotypic innovation. An important implication of this theory is that transitions between XX/XY and ZZ/ZW modes of GSD may retain the same sex chromosome pair, and the same primary sexdetermining gene, in contrast to previous models for heterogametic transitions. A more immediate implication of these findings is that many reptile species believed to have strict TSD (in particular, lizards and crocodilians), may in fact have a sex-determining system of GSD-TSD interaction, where there is an equilibrium between GSD and TSD individuals within the population.
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5

Halla, Ursula [Verfasser], e Rüdiger [Akademischer Betreuer] Korbel. "Untersuchungen zum Blutparasitenstatus importierter Reptilien : Blood parasites in reptiles imported to Germany / Ursula Halla. Betreuer: Rüdiger Korbel". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1076243320/34.

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6

Ball, Inna [Verfasser]. "Tracking adenovirus infections in reptiles / Inna Ball". Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1068922222/34.

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7

Hughes, Sandrine. "Évolution et structure des génomes de reptiles". Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10143.

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8

Paulo, Octavio Fernando de Sousa Salgueiro Godinho. "The phylogeography of reptiles of the Iberian peninsula". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251650.

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9

Cheylan, Marc. "Les Reptiles du paléarctique occidental : diversité et conservation". Paris, EPHE, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EPHE3034.

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L'analyse de la répartition géographique des reptiles dans le paléarctique occidental (25 millions de kilomètres soit 17% des terres émergées) permet, premièrement, de dresser un bilan de la biodiversité de ce groupe dans l'aire considérée, deuxièmement, d'évaluer l'importance patrimoniale des espaces et des espèces, troisièmement, d'orienter a partir de critères objectifs les choix en matière de conservation. Des propositions méthodologiques sont faites pour standardiser certaines mesures de biodiversité, notamment la richesse spécifique, l'endémisme et l'importance phylogénétique des taxas. Les hypothèses avancées pour expliquer les gradients de richesse spécifique a l'échelle continentale sont passées en revue et discutées. Les résultats obtenus suggèrent que les mécanismes locaux (écologiques) pourraient être fortement influencés par les mécanismes globaux (biogéographiques)
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10

Budd, Johnathan. "SEATURTLE: Sustained Engagement Autonomous Tracking of Underwater RepTiLEs". Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:14398555.

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While oceans cover the majority of our planet, these vast expanses remain relatively unexplored. Among the most interesting parts of the ocean are the shallow reef systems, which contain a huge amount of the planet’s biodiversity. The Sustained Engagement Autonomous Tracking of Underwater RepTiLEs or SEATURTLE is a low cost Autonomous Underwater Vehicle designed to carry out missions in these shallow environments. Its small displacement and precise movement make it ideal for navigating tight spaces, and its package of sensors make it easily adaptable to a variety of missions. For this project the vehicle was configured to autonomously track tagged objects underwater, using image recognition and the April Tags system.
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11

Trevine, Vivian Carlos [UNESP]. "Levantamento da herpetofauna do Parque Municipal Nascentes de Paranapiacaba, Santo André, SP". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99576.

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As regiões sudeste e sul do Brasil possuem a maior área preservada de Mata Atlântica do país. A maioria dos remanescentes concentra-se na região da Serra do Mar, caracterizada por elevada diversidade e endemismos. Estudos que esclareçam padrões de biodiversidade destas regiões são cada vez mais necessários, uma vez que a supressão territorial e pressões antrópicas persistem de forma contínua. A localidade de Paranapiacaba, município de Santo André, SP, abriga o Parque Natural Municipal Nascentes de Paranapiacaba (PNMNP), a Reserva Biológica do Alto da Serra de Paranapiacaba e uma porção do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar. A área apresenta um extenso histórico de pesquisa em zoologia, notavelmente em relação aos anuros, sendo a única localidade de ocorrência de Ischnocnema gehrti, Phrynomedusa fimbriata e Hypsiboas cymbalum. Apesar do grande número de dados disponíveis, existe uma escassez de informações sobre a diversidade da herpetofauna da localidade, especialmente em relação aos répteis. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal realizar levantamento da fauna de répteis e anfíbios do PNMNP e delimitar seus padrões de diversidade, elaborando uma lista da composição de espécies de Paranapiacaba, assim como um histórico de dados de coleções e aspectos de conservação. A partir da coleta de dados primários e secundários foi encontrada uma riqueza de 136 espécies para Paranapiacaba, distribuídos em 40 espécies de serpentes, 13 de lagartos, dois anfisbenídeos, dois quelônios e 79 anuros. Foram registrados 2053 espécimes de anuros, 205 de lagartos, 44 serpentes e sete quelônios. Deste total, 14 espécies de anuros, 17 serpentes, sete lagartos, dois anfisbenídeos e dois quelônios apresentaram novos registros de ocorrência para a região. O método de rarefação de espécies...
The south and southeast regions of Brazil exhibit the largest portion of preserved Atlantic forests. Most of those remaining fragments are concentrated on the Serra do Mar, which has high rates of diversity and endemism. Scientific work that enlightens biodiversity patterns of those areas are increasingly needed once land suppression and anthropic pressures persist on the environment. Paranapiacaba, Santo André municipality, SP, harbors the “Parque Natural Municipal Nascentes de Paranapiacaba” (PNMNP), the “Reserva Biológica do Alto da Serra de Paranapiacaba” and a portion of the “Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar”. The region has an extensive research historic in zoology, remarkably for anurans, and it is the only known locality of distribution of the species Ischnocnema gehrti, Phrynomedusa fimbriata and Hypsiboas cymbalum. Even though a large amount of data are available, a scarcity of information regarding the diversity of the herpetofauna of the locality remains, especially concerning reptiles. The present work had as a main goal to perform a survey of the reptile and anuranfauna of the PNMNP and to ascertain their diversity patterns, preparing a list of species from Paranapiacaba, Santo André, SP, as well as an historical of data collections and conservation aspects. Considering primary and secondary data collected, a richness of 136 species was found for Paranapiacaba, allocated in 40 species of snakes, 13 lizards, two amphisbenids, two chelonians and 79 anurans. 2053 specimens of anurans, 205 lizards, 44 snakes and seven chelonians were recorded. Fourteen species of anurans, 17 snakes, seven lizards, two turtles and two amphisbaenids were added as a new record of distribution to the region. The species rarefaction and the richness estimator evaluated denoted that... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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12

Cheung, Sze-man. "Ecology, conservation and trade of freshwater turtles in Hong Kong and Southern China, with particular reference to the critically endangered Cuora trifasciata /". View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/B38724790.

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13

Ward, Rocky. "Multivariate Analyses of Amphibian and Reptilian Distribution in Texas". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331167/.

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Presence-absence data for amphibians, chelonians, saurians, ophidians, and the terrestrial and aquatic ecological guilds of reptilians were analyzed using multivariate analyses. Geographically consistant distributional patterns were found for all faunal groupings. The correspondence between analyses of the different taxa and guilds was not perfect, but similarities were found. All analyses agreed on the presence of a distinctive region in east Texas. Most analyses also agreed on the presence of distinctive regions in south Texas, the Trans-Pecos, the Edwards Plateau, and north-west Texas. There is strong correspondence between interpretations of the analyses based on the amphibian, saurian, ophidian, and terrestrial reptilian distributions, and the biotic provinces produced by earlier, subjective analyses. The Edwards Plateau and a region on the western periphery of east Texas were found to be transitional between other, more faunally distinctive areas for most fauna! groups. Detailed examination of these regions suggested they are best described as clinal in nature. The environmental variables which were most effective in explaining patterns in the distribution of the various taxa and guilds were related to precipitation. However, variations in temperature and physiography were also important predictors of distribution for several of the groups. The distributions of soil and vegetation associations were also found to be related to amphibian and reptilian distribution.
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14

Brown, David Steven. "Molecular analysis of the trophic interactions of British reptiles". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54146/.

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The prevalence of a parasitic nematode of slow worms, Neoxysomatium brevicaudatum, was also investigated using PCR primers. Prevalence was higher in males and females in April. Analysis of smooth snake diet confirmed that predation on reptiles was high but revealed increasing consumption of small mammals with age. Predation on reptiles by grass snakes was higher than expected and suggests competition may exist between smooth snakes and grass snakes at a juvenile stage. Overall, these results provide information pertinent to translocation and reintroduction programmes along with conservation management strategies.
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15

Marques, Mariana Pimentel. "Geographical distribution of the amphibians and reptiles of Angola". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/13275.

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Angola is among the largest countries in Africa and due to its great geographical and climatic variety, presents a great diversity of biomes and habitats. However, is one of few biodiverse countries in Africa that remains highly incomplete in knowledge of vertebrate diversity. Data regarding the occurrence and geographical distribution of amphibians and reptiles in Angola are currently scattered across museum specimens housed in Natural History institutions and in a diversity of books and papers published since the second half of the nineteenth century, and there is no available distribution database or atlas. Considering the threats faced by amphibians and reptiles worldwide and consequently the need for an update overview of their diversity and distribution in Angola, we compiled a database with the available published bibliographical data on amphibian and reptile occurrences in Angola, updated the taxonomy and nomenclature for every citation and mapped the species occurrences in the country; Distribuição Geográfica dos Anfíbios e Répteis em Angola RESUMO: Angola está entre os maiores países de África e, devido à sua ampla variedade geográfica e climática, apresenta uma grande diversidade de biomas e habitats. É considerado um dos países mais ricos em biodiversidade, contudo o seu conhecimento encontra-se extremamente incompleto. Os dados relativos à distribuição de espécies de anfíbios e répteis em Angola encontram-se dispersos por todo o Mundo, em instituições como Museus de História Natural, bem como em livros e artigos publicados desde a segunda metade do século XIX, não se encontrando esta informação atualmente disponível em qualquer base de dados ou atlas. Considerando as ameaças globais enfrentadas por este grupo animal e a consequente necessidade de atualização do seu conhecimento para Angola, procedemos à compilação de uma base de dados atualizada sobre as suas ocorrências, atualizando o status taxonómico e nomenclatural para cada espécie e consequente criação de mapas de distribuição.
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16

Montague-Judd, Danielle Dawn. "Paleo-upwelling and the distribution of Mesozoic marine reptiles". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/283980.

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Marine upwelling occurs when surface currents diverge or are deflected. Deeper water, often nutrient-rich, rises and generates a cascade of biological effects including elevated productivity and a unique assemblage of organisms. Macrofaunal characteristics of upwelling provide key evidence for oxygen-minimum zones, upwelling of cool water, and high productivity and are potentially useful indicators of ancient upwelling. The Upper Triassic Luning Formation in Nevada contains abundant, large ichthyosaurs and was deposited in a back-arc basin that could have experienced upwelling conditions. Luning Formation rocks at West Union Canyon were analyzed for sedimentological, geochemical, and paleontological upwelling indicators. Abundant suspension feeders, lack of corals and calcareous algae, modest total organic carbon and minor element concentrations in deeper marine facies, abundant cosmopolitan molluscs but no taxa restricted to low latitudes, and abundant fecal pellets and clotted fabrics in most facies suggest that upwelling could have influenced Luning deposition. Moderate-scale upwelling likely contributed to eutrophic conditions and ichthyosaur abundance at West Union Canyon. Marine reptiles might have had ties to upwelling areas to provide food, as do modern whales. A relational database containing 817 locality records and 1365 taxon-localities was assembled for ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, and mosasaurs. Marine reptile localities were compared with model-predicted upwelling and with upwelling-related lithologies (organic-rich rock, biogenic silica, phosphorite, and glauconite). Marine reptile occurrences intersected predicted upwelling more often than expected by chance for the Upper Cretaceous, Callovian, and Norian stages, and for all of the data together (P = 0.05). For age-restricted data, occurrences of Mosasauridae, Pliosauridae, and Plesiosauria intersected upwelling more often than expected by chance (P = 0.05). Average shortest distances between reptile fossil and upwelling lithology occurrences were smallest (one grid cell adjacent or smaller) for the Pliensbachian and four of five Cretaceous stages. Analytical biases and other aspects of reptile ecology may have affected the results, but overall, upwelling could have influenced marine reptile distribution, particularly for the Upper Cretaceous. Multiple radiations into the high-productivity, top-predator niche over the Mesozoic are suggested by the dominance of different taxa in grid cells containing upwelling lithologies: ichthyosaurs (early Mesozoic), plesiosaurs (middle Mesozoic), and finally mosasaurs (late Mesozoic).
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17

Durso, Andrew M. "Stable Isotopes and the Ecology and Physiology of Reptiles". DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5064.

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Animals trade-off limited resources among competing demands. Trade-offs are difficult to quantify because it is challenging to measure investment into disparate physiological systems using a common scale. Additionally, biologists desire methods to more precisely measure energy status in wild animals. I used stable isotopes to help solve both of these problems. I examined natural spatial and temporal variation in stable isotope signatures of wild lizards and found significant variation. In the lab, I was able to demonstrate the utility of nitrogen stable isotope ratios of uric acid pellets for measuring nutritional stress. By tracing labeled amino acids through the bodies of gravid female lizards, I demonstrated that vitellogenesis and wound healing compete for amino acids and quantified the direction and magnitude of the trade-offs. I showed that reproductive-immune trade-offs vary based on reproductive stage and energy availability, have effects on metabolism and immune function, and are influenced by hormonal mechanisms. My findings shed light on the interconnectedness of stable isotope endpoints and key physiological systems in animals. I showed that isotopic signatures of physiological stress can be reflected at a large scale in natural populations, and I made novel measurements of the size and direction of trade-offs, which were formerly limited to physiological and performance outcomes.
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18

Northrop, Robert John. "Development and assessment of a wildlife habitat relationship model for terrestrial vertebrates in the state of Maryland". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 152 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1885544331&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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19

Nash, Darryn James. "An assessment of mitigation translocations for reptiles at development sites". Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/65820/.

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All native reptile species are protected against harm through their inclusion on UK legislation. With the exception of two species, this protection does not extend to reptile habitat. As a result, reptiles are frequently subject to mitigation translocations to facilitate the development of land. However, there are few published studies of the effects of mitigation translocation on reptile populations and whether such translocations are effective conservation interventions. The effectiveness of translocation was tested through a combination of: 1) field surveys of sites subject to mitigation across England and Wales; 2) the radio tracking of translocated adders; 3) the monitoring of a population of slow-worms at site where they were released 20 years ago; and 4) a penning experiment to test whether viviparous lizards attempt to disperse from the release site. Very few translocated reptiles were encountered during the monitoring of release sites. This paucity of recaptures is either due to post-release mortality, imperfect detection or dispersal. Translocated male adders dispersed farther and had larger home range sizes than resident conspecifics. Some male adders undertook large unidirectional migrations back to the donor site crossing areas of unsuitable habitat as they did so. A population of slow-worms persisted at an isolated site two decades after translocation, albeit in relatively small numbers. Body condition improved over 20 years and the population resumed breeding and recruitment. The temporary penning of viviparous lizards was effective in preventing post-release dispersal and resulted in an increase in recapture rates of greater than 16 times when compared to unpenned viviparous lizard populations. The fact that no lizards were recaptured in the unpenned areas provides strong evidence for the effect of post-release dispersal. Although, mitigation translocations may prevent the immediate death of animals that would otherwise be destroyed with their habitat, there is little evidence that they are compensating for the loss of populations on a broad scale.
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20

Bardet, Nathalie. "Evolution et extinction des reptiles marins au cours du mesozoique". Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066402.

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Un inventaire des reptiles marins connus du trias inferieur jusqu'au paleocene est presente: 46 familles, environ 200 genres et 400 especes ont ete recenses. Cette base de donnees inclut des commentaires sur la systematique, les extensions stratigraphiques et la distribution geographique des taxons. Les reptiles marins regroupent une mosaique de formes comprenant des groupes exclusivement marins (ichthyosaures, nothosaures, placodontes, thalattosaures, hupehsuchiens, plesiosaures, pliosaures) aussi bien que des groupes encore connus actuellement et qui incluent des representants continentaux (crocodiles, lezards, serpents, tortues). Le registre fossile des reptiles marins a ete ponctue par deux extinctions en masse: la transition ladinien-carnien (64% des familles) affecte preferentiellement les formes infeodees au milieu cotier. Cette extinction coincide avec une phase de regression importante. Durant le trias superieur, une reorganisation faunique aboutit a la disparition progressive des formes littorales et a la mise en place de groupes pelagiques. Durant la crise maastrichtien-danien (36% des familles), les formes pelagiques de grande taille, a savoir les mosasaures et les plesiosaures, sont les plus touchees et leur extinction s'inscrirait plutot dans un modele catastrophique que gradualiste. Au contraire, les pliosaures et les tortues protostegides s'eteignent alors qu'ils etaient deja sur le declin. Les survivants sont des groupes littoraux de taille moderee comme les crocodiles, serpents et certaines tortues qui auraient pu trouver refuge en milieu dulcaquicole. Une rupture de la chaine alimentaire tributaire du phytoplancton est proposee comme scenario d'extinction pour les formes pelagiques
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21

Stubbs, Thomas L. "Patterns of morphological and functional evolution in Mesozoic marine reptiles". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.685334.

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The primary goal of numerical palaeobiology is to understand the processes that generate and eliminate extinct and extant biodiversity. It is important to examine key clades and adaptive assemblages, whose evolution appears intrinsically related to major events in deep time. Mesozoic marine reptiles represent an excellent candidate for investigation, having ascended to ecological dominance in the aftermath of the Permo-Triassic mass extinction and passed through multiple biotic crises. Observations from the rich Triassic marine reptile fossil record highlight diverse ecologies, providing tentative evidence for an exceptional radiation driven by new trophic opportunities - but quantitative tests for this are scarce. Others have highlighted the potential long-term impacts of extinction, and revealed that ichthyosaur evolution was reset following an extinction interval in the Late Triassic. Although a recent body of research has provided new insights into marine reptile macroevolution, many questions remain unanswered. In this thesis, I present several diverse case studies exploring the impacts of ecological opportunity and biotic perturbations in Mesozoic marine reptile macroevolution. Throughout, focus is placed on examining temporal and group-wide patterns of morphological and functional diversity (disparity) and testing rates of phenotypic evolution. Chapters 2-4 focus on Sauropterygia, the most diverse and ecologically disparate Mesozoic marine reptiles, while chapter 5 incorporates all Mesozoic marine reptiles as an inclusive adaptive assemblage. In brief, results show that the Triassic was a time of unusual diversification and high disparity in marine reptile evolution. Multiple lines of evidence show the Triassic was a time of marked morphological, functional and ecological proliferation. Results herein also reveal that sauropterygians, and marine reptiles as a whole, passed through a macroevolutionary bottleneck during the Late Triassic, similar to that identified for ichthyosaurs previously. Overall, this thesis supports the idea that major extinction events can have disproportionate effects on macroevolution, by catalysing exceptional radiations in their aftermath.
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22

Dodd, Keela L. "The molecular biology of temperature-dependent sex determination in reptiles". Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2008r/dodd.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007.
Additional advisors: Asim Bej, Gene Hines, Douglas Watson, Douglas Weigent. Description based on contents viewed Oct. 2, 2008; title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references.
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23

Van, Wilgen Nicola Jane. "Alien invaders and reptile traders : risk assessment and modelling of trends, vectors and traits influencing introduction and establishment of alien reptiles and amphibians". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5468.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Biological invasions are a growing threat to biodiversity, trade and agriculture in South Africa. Though alien reptiles and amphibians (herpetofauna) are not currently a major issue, escalating problems worldwide and increased trade in South Africa suggest a possible increase in future problems. In this thesis I explore practical measures for risk assessment implementable under national legislation. I began by documenting record-keeping and legislative differences between provinces in South Africa. This revealed some serious deficiencies, complicating attempts to compile accurate inventories and discern import trends. International trade data, however, revealed an exponential increase in the number of imports to South Africa over the last 30 years. Characterising the abundance of species in this trade is important as species introduced in large numbers pose a higher establishment risk. In South Africa, I found a tendency for venomous and expensive species to be traded in low numbers, whereas species that are easy to breed and handle, or that are colourful or patterned are traded in higher numbers. Unlike South Africa, California and Florida have had a large number of well-documented herpetofaunal introductions. These introductions were used to verify the role of several key predictors in species establishment. I first evaluated the role of each variable separately. I examined different approaches for bioclimatic modelling, the predictive power of different sources of distribution data, and methods of assigning a climate-match score. I also present the first test of Darwin’s naturalization hypothesis for land vertebrates using two new phylogenies inferred for native and introduced reptiles in California and Florida. I then used boosted regression trees (BRT) to infer the relative contribution of each factor to species establishment success. Results from the BRTs were incorporated into a user-friendly spreadsheet model for use by assessors inexperienced in complex modelling techniques. Introduction effort was found to be the strongest contributor to establishment success. Furthermore, species with short juvenile periods were more likely to establish than species that started breeding later, as were species with more distant relatives in regional biotas. Average climate match and life form were also important. Of the herpetofaunal groups, frogs and lizards were most likely to establish, while snakes and turtles established at much lower rates, though analysis of all recorded herpetofaunal introductions shows slightly different patterns. Predictions made by the BRT model to independent data were relatively poor, though this is unlikely to be unique to this study and can be partially explained by missing data. Though numerous uncertainties remain in this field, many can be lessened by applying case by case rules rather than generalising across all herpetofaunal groups. The purpose for import and potential trade volume of a species will influence the threat it poses. Considering this in conjunction with a species’ environmental tolerances and previous success of species with similar life histories, should provide a reasonable and defendable estimate of establishment risk. Finally, a brief summary of the potential impacts of introduced alien herpetofauna is provided in the thesis.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Indringer spesies hou ‘n al groter bedreiging in vir die biodiversiteit, handel en landbou van Suid- Afrika. Alhoewel uitheemse reptiele en amfibieërs (herpetofauna) tans nie ‘n groot bedreiging in Suid-Afrika is nie, dui groeiende probleme wêreldwyd asook 'n toename in plaaslike handel op moontlike toekomstige probleme. In hierdie tesis, ondersoek ek praktiese metodes vir risikobepaling wat onder nasionale wetgewing toegepas kan word. Ek begin deur die verskille in stoor van rekords en wetgewing tussen provinsies te dokumenteer. Hierdie proses het ernstige tekortkominge uitgewys, wat pogings om akkurate inventarisse saam te stel en invoertendense te bepaal, bemoeilik. Internasionale handelsdata het egter getoon dat daar ‘n eksponensiële toename in die hoeveelheid invoere na Suid-Afrika oor die laaste 30 jaar was. Die hoeveelheid spesies in hierdie handel is belangrik omdat spesies wat in groot hoeveelhede ingevoer word, ‘n hoër vestigingsrisiko het. In Suid-Afrika is ‘n tendens gevind vir handel in giftige en duur spesies teen lae hoeveelhede, terwyl spesies wat maklik teel, maklik hanteer kan word en kleurvol is of mooi patrone het, in groter hoeveelhede mee handel gedryf word. Kalifornië and Florida, in teenstelling met Suid-Afrika, het ‘n hoë aantal goed-gedokumenteerde gevalle van herpetofauna wat in die natuur vrygestel is. Hierdie introduksies was gebruik om die rol van verskeie belangrike faktore in die vestiging van populasies te bepaal. Eerstens het ek die rol van elke faktor apart ondersoek. Ek het verskillende benaderinge vir bioklimatiese model-bou ondersoek, die akuraatheid van verskillende bronne van distribusiedata getoets en drie metodes om ‘n “climate match score” te bereken, voorgestel. Ek bied ook die eerste toets van Darwin se naturalisasie-hipotese vir landwerveldiere aan, deur gebruik te maak van twee nuwe filogenieë wat ek gebou het vir inheemse en ingevoerde reptiele in Kalifornië en Florida. Ek het verder gebruik gemaak van “boosted regression trees” (BRT) om die relatiewe bydrae van elke faktor tot die vestigings-potensiaal van spesies te bepaal. Resultate van hierdie BRTs was ingekorporeerd in ‘n gebruikersvriendelike ontledingstaat wat deur bestuurders, onervare in komplekse modelboutegnieke, gebruik kan word. Invoer-hoeveelheid was die faktor wat die sterktste bygedra het tot suksesvolle vestiging. Verder is spesies met kort jeugperiodes en dié met verlangse familie in streeks-biotas, meer geskik om suksesvol te vestig. Gemiddelde klimaatooreenstemming en lewensvorm was ook belangrik. Paddas en akkedisse was die mees waarskynlikste van die herpetofauna groepe om populasies te vestig, terwyl slange en skilpaaie teen laer tempo’s populasies gevestig het, alhoewel analise van alle gedokumenteerde gevalle van herpetofauna-invoerings wêreldwyd effens verskillende tendense toon. Voorspellings wat deur die BRT-model vir onafhangklike data gemaak is was redelik swak, alhoewel hierdie resultaat onwaarskynlik nie uniek aan die studie is nie, en word gedeeltelik verduidelik deur die gebrek aan data. Alhoewel talle onsekerhede steeds bestaan, kan dié verminder word deur geval-tot-geval reëls toe te pas eerder as om vir herpetofauna as ‘n groep te veralgemeen. Die doel van invoer en potensiële handel-volumes van ‘n spesie, sal die bedreiging wat die spesie toon, bepaal. Hierdie faktore moet saam met omgewingstoleransie en voorafgaande sukses van spesies met soortgelyke lewenswyses oorweeg word, om ‘n aanvaarbare en verdedigbare beraming van vestigingsrisiko te gee. Laastens, word ‘n kort opsomming van die effekte wat uitheemse herpetofauna mag hê, verskaf.
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24

Girondot, Marc, e Dominique Anxolabéhère. "Analyse des facteurs génétiques et épigénétiques impliqués dans la détermination du sexe chez les reptiles". Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066557.

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La détermination du sexe chez les reptiles est classée traditionnellement en deux catégories distinctes: la détermination du sexe gènotypique et la détermination du sexe par la température. Le but de ce travail est d'évaluer l'importance du composant génétique dans la différenciation de la gonade chez les reptiles ayant une détermination du sexe sensible à la température. La morphogenèse de la gonade a été étudiée chez des embryons de la tortue emys orbicularis incubés à 28,5c, température à laquelle les deux sexes se différencient. D'une part nous mettons en évidence l'effet d'un composant génétique dans la différenciation sexuelle lors d'incubation à cette température et d'autre part nous montrons que des caractéristiques morphomètriques du cortex et de la medulla de la gonade corrèlent avec l'activité aromatase. Par ailleurs chez la tortue marine dermochelys coriacea la période de sensibilité à la température pour l'activité aromatase est la même que la période thermosensible pour la différenciation des gonades ce qui confirme que l'aromatase joue bien un rôle clé dans la détermination du sexe chez ces espèces. L'influence du composant génétique sur la détermination du sexe au sein d'une population naturelle a été évaluée par la mesure de l'expression de l'antigène H-Ys dans le sang d'animaux captures en brenne. . .
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Bissell, Ahrash N. "Population differences and behavior of lizards : on the road to speciation? /". view abstract or download file of text, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3024506.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2001.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-147). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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26

Oliveira, Leonardo [UNESP]. "Especializações glandulares, musculares e dentárias dos dipsadíneos goo-eaters (Serpentes: Dipsadinae) associadas à ingestão de suas presas". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106593.

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A origem e a evolução da função venenosa nas serpentes têm sido objeto de inúmeras discussões. De um modo geral, os estudos se restringem às glândulas de veneno ou de Duvernoy, ambas constituídas por células serosas. Pouca atenção é dispensada às demais glândulas orais e no papel biológico de suas secreções. Nos dipsadíneos goo-eaters, uma linhagem altamente especializada de serpentes comedoras de invertebrados, especialmente moluscos e anelídeos, as glândulas de Duvernoy são reduzidas ou ausentes, enquanto que as glândulas infralabiais são predominantemente seromucosas e associadas à musculatura adjacente. Além disso, uma série de modificações dentárias, particularmente nos dentes maxilares e dentários, são associadas à estas serpentes. Este conjunto de características glandulares, musculares e dentárias são frequentemente relacionados à dieta especializada. O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de realizar um estudo comparativo acerca da anatomia, histologia e histoquímica das principais glândulas cefálicas (infralabiais, supralabiais, Duvernoy e de Harder) e ultraestrutural dos dentes maxilares e dentários dos dipsadíneos gooeaters, utilizando para comparações, serpentes dipsadíneas que comem vertebrados. Além disso, foi realizado um estudo acerca do desenvolvimento embrionário das glândulas labiais (infra e supralabiais) de Sibynomorphus mikanii. Cabeças inteiras de espécies representativas dos diversos gêneros de dipsadíneos goo-eaters, bem como dos gêneros de dipsadíneos que comem vertebrados foram dissecadas e submetidas ao processamento histológico. Embriões de Sibynomorphus mikanii foram estudados através da morfologia externa e séries histológicas das cabeças, enquanto que os dentes maxilares e dentários foram estudados por microscopia eletrônica de...
The origin and evolution of the venomous function in snakes has been subject of recent debates. In a general way, studies on this subject are restricted to the venom and Duvernoy’s glands, both constituted by serous cells. Little attention has been given to the others oral glands, such as infralabial and supralabial, and the biological role of their secretions. In the goo-eater dipsadines, a highly specialized lineage of snakes feeding on invertebrates, specially mollusks and annelids, the Duvernoy’s glands are very reduced or absent, while the infralabial glands are predominantly constituted by seromucous cells and associated with adjacent muscles. In addition, several dental modifications, particularly in the maxillary and dentary teeth, are associated with these snakes. These muscular, glandular and dental features are frequently associated with highly specialized diet presented by the goo-eaters. This study aimed to perform a comparative study on the anatomy, histology and histochemisty of the major cephalic glands (infralabial, supralabial, Duvernoy and Harder), and the ultrastructure analysis on the maxillary and dentary teeth of the goo-eater dipsadines and the dipsadinae snakes feeding on vertebrates. Furthermore, a study on the embryological development of the labial glands (infralabial and supralabial) in Sibynomorphus mikanii was performed. Whole heads of representative species of several genera of goo-eater and vertebrate feeding dipsadines were dissected and submitted to histological procedures in paraffin. Embryos of Sibynomorphus mikanii in different stages of development were submitted to studies of external morphology and histological sections of the whole heads and the maxillary and dentary teeth were analyzed by scanning microscopy. In Dipsas, Sibynomorphus and Geophis, the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Trevine, Vivian Carlos. "Levantamento da herpetofauna do Parque Municipal Nascentes de Paranapiacaba, Santo André, SP /". Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99576.

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Orientador: Hussam El Dine Zaher
Banca: Ricardo J. Sawaya
Banca: Célio F.B. Haddad
Resumo: As regiões sudeste e sul do Brasil possuem a maior área preservada de Mata Atlântica do país. A maioria dos remanescentes concentra-se na região da Serra do Mar, caracterizada por elevada diversidade e endemismos. Estudos que esclareçam padrões de biodiversidade destas regiões são cada vez mais necessários, uma vez que a supressão territorial e pressões antrópicas persistem de forma contínua. A localidade de Paranapiacaba, município de Santo André, SP, abriga o Parque Natural Municipal Nascentes de Paranapiacaba (PNMNP), a Reserva Biológica do Alto da Serra de Paranapiacaba e uma porção do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar. A área apresenta um extenso histórico de pesquisa em zoologia, notavelmente em relação aos anuros, sendo a única localidade de ocorrência de Ischnocnema gehrti, Phrynomedusa fimbriata e Hypsiboas cymbalum. Apesar do grande número de dados disponíveis, existe uma escassez de informações sobre a diversidade da herpetofauna da localidade, especialmente em relação aos répteis. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal realizar levantamento da fauna de répteis e anfíbios do PNMNP e delimitar seus padrões de diversidade, elaborando uma lista da composição de espécies de Paranapiacaba, assim como um histórico de dados de coleções e aspectos de conservação. A partir da coleta de dados primários e secundários foi encontrada uma riqueza de 136 espécies para Paranapiacaba, distribuídos em 40 espécies de serpentes, 13 de lagartos, dois anfisbenídeos, dois quelônios e 79 anuros. Foram registrados 2053 espécimes de anuros, 205 de lagartos, 44 serpentes e sete quelônios. Deste total, 14 espécies de anuros, 17 serpentes, sete lagartos, dois anfisbenídeos e dois quelônios apresentaram novos registros de ocorrência para a região. O método de rarefação de espécies... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The south and southeast regions of Brazil exhibit the largest portion of preserved Atlantic forests. Most of those remaining fragments are concentrated on the Serra do Mar, which has high rates of diversity and endemism. Scientific work that enlightens biodiversity patterns of those areas are increasingly needed once land suppression and anthropic pressures persist on the environment. Paranapiacaba, Santo André municipality, SP, harbors the "Parque Natural Municipal Nascentes de Paranapiacaba" (PNMNP), the "Reserva Biológica do Alto da Serra de Paranapiacaba" and a portion of the "Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar". The region has an extensive research historic in zoology, remarkably for anurans, and it is the only known locality of distribution of the species Ischnocnema gehrti, Phrynomedusa fimbriata and Hypsiboas cymbalum. Even though a large amount of data are available, a scarcity of information regarding the diversity of the herpetofauna of the locality remains, especially concerning reptiles. The present work had as a main goal to perform a survey of the reptile and anuranfauna of the PNMNP and to ascertain their diversity patterns, preparing a list of species from Paranapiacaba, Santo André, SP, as well as an historical of data collections and conservation aspects. Considering primary and secondary data collected, a richness of 136 species was found for Paranapiacaba, allocated in 40 species of snakes, 13 lizards, two amphisbenids, two chelonians and 79 anurans. 2053 specimens of anurans, 205 lizards, 44 snakes and seven chelonians were recorded. Fourteen species of anurans, 17 snakes, seven lizards, two turtles and two amphisbaenids were added as a new record of distribution to the region. The species rarefaction and the richness estimator evaluated denoted that... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Amiot, Romain. "[Delta]18 O de l'apatite de vertébrés continentaux du Crétacé : implications paléoclimatiques et thermophysiologiques". Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10033.

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Ce travail s’inscrit dans l’optique globale de recherche et d’établissement d’un indicateur paléoclimatique terrestre pour le Mésozoïque à partir de l’enregistrement isotopique des faunes de reptiles. L’étude proprement dite s’est concentrée exclusivement sur l’isolation des signaux thermométriques enregistrés dans la composition isotopique de l’oxygène (18O) des groupements phosphates contenus dans les bioapatites des dinosaures. La méconnaissance de leur statut métabolique, ainsi que la disparition brutale de l’essentiel du groupe à la fin du Crétacé nous a toutefois contraints à comparer leur enregistrement isotopique avec celui des chéloniens et crocodiliens associés, reptiles encore représentés actuellement. Une équation de fractionnement phosphate–eau a été établie pour les crocodiles actuels et sa similitude avec celle déjà établie pour les tortues aquatiques indique un fractionnement isotopique comparable chez ces deux reptiles. Des mesures réalisées sur les restes dentaires de divers taxons de dinosaures crétacés ainsi que sur les restes de crocodiles et tortues associées montrent une différence significative entre ces deux groupes, différence observée actuellement entre les mammifères (endothermes) et les reptiles (ectothermes). Interprétées en termes d’écarts de températures, ces différences suggèrent que les dinosaures étaient endothermes et conservaient une température constante de l’ordre de 37°C quelle que soient celles de leur environnement. A partir de ces mêmes mesures, un gradient latitudinal de températures moyennes de l’air a été calculé pour l’intervalle Campanien supérieur–Maastrichtien moyen. Ce gradient est relativement faible (0,4°/°Lat. ) mais suggère l’existence de glaces aux pôles. Il est par ailleurs en bon accord avec les estimations déjà publiées. La validité de cette méthode ouvre de nouvelles perspectives pour l’étude des climats antérieurs au Crétacé terminal, ainsi que pour l’approche de la thermophysiologie des vertébrés terrestres plus anciens.
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Maxell, Bryce Alan. "State-wide assessment of status, predicted distribution, and landscape-level habitat suitability of amphibians and reptiles in Montana". Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-10122009-102104.

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Townsend, Josiah H. "Inventory and conservation assessment of the herpetofauna of the Sierra de Omoa, Honduras, with a review of the Geophis (Squamata: Colubridae) of eastern Nuclear Central America". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0013940.

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31

Littlefield, Joanne. "Snakes in the Neighborhood: Effects of Urbanization on Amphibians and Reptiles". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622213.

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32

Rocha, Sara Rodrigues Passos. "Phylogeny, Phylogeography and colonization patterns of reptiles in Indian Ocean Islands". Doctoral thesis, Porto : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/64297.

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33

Martin, Amanda K. "Spatial Analysis of Amphibians and Reptiles in the Oak Openings Preserve". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1434024715.

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34

Rocha, Sara Rodrigues Passos. "Phylogeny, Phylogeography and colonization patterns of reptiles in Indian Ocean Islands". Tese, Porto : [s.n.], 2010. http://catalogo.up.pt/F?func=find-b&local_base=FCB01&find_code=SYS&request=000105027.

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35

Nisi, Cerioni Paola. "Molecular and cytogenetic characterisation of repetitive DNAs in squamate reptiles (Lacertidae)". Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242550.

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Abstract (sommario):
La posizione dei rettili nella filogenesi degli amnioti rende lo studio del loro genoma cruciale per comprendere l’evoluzione genomica degli amnioti stessi. I DNA satelliti costituiscono una significativa porzione del genoma degli eucarioti, e sono una delle cause della variabilità delle dimensioni del loro genoma. Scopo di questa ricerca è stato quello di isolare e caratterizzare due differenti DNA satelliti (HindIII e TaqI) dal genoma di vari lacertidi. Un primo risultato indica che HindIII è presente in tutte le specie di Iberolacerta, ha un tasso evolutivo circa dieci volte più veloce di TaqI che si trova in posizione pericentromerica/interstiziale, in un numero minore di cromosomi ed è rappresentato nel genoma di tutti lacertidi studiati. Inoltre, approfondendo lo studio dell’evoluzione di questi due DNA satelliti nelle otto specie di Iberolacerta abbiamo osservato che entrambi i DNA satelliti mostrano modelli evolutivi complessi e disparati, e un comportamento altamente dinamico che può essere correlato con i cambiamenti cromosomici e la varietà cariotipica tipici di questo genere. Infine, abbiamo osservato che in Lacerta il satellite TaqI è coinvolto nella differenziazione per eterocromatinizzazione del cromosoma W. È interessante notare che nelle specie di Lacerta studiate le ripetizioni TaqI si dividono in due gruppi: uno contenente ripetizioni W-specifiche, l’altro ripetizioni autosoma-specifiche. Inoltre, la presenza di TaqI sul W delle specie di Lacerta studiate supporta l'omologia dei cromosomi sessuali in queste specie. Infatti, sembra improbabile che le stesse ripetizioni si siano accumulate sul W di specie diverse solo per effetto del caso. È invece probabile che questo satellite sia rimasto intrappolato sul W dell'antenato comune delle moderne specie di Lacerta. Infine, la presenza di TaqI sul W di Lacerta e l’assenza sul W di tutte le altre specie studiate sembra sostenere il monofiletismo di questo genere.
Reptiles are the stem group to birds and mammals, and the study of reptile genome is critical for understanding genome evolution in amniotes. Despite the ample literature dealing with satellite DNA (satDNA) in eukaryotes, there are few studies in reptiles. The aim of this research was to isolate and characterize two different satDNAs (HindIII and TaqI) from several lacertid species. Firstly, we found that these satDNAs seem to evolve at different rates in the studied lizards, with HindIII showing a tenfold faster evolutionary rate than TaqI. Indeed, it should be noted that HindIII repeats are centromerically located on all the acrocentric chromosomes of Iberolacerta. Conversely, TaqI repeats are pericentromerically located on a lower number of chromosomes in the species here analysed. Secondly, we explored the mode of evolution of two satDNA families shared by all eight Iberolacerta species. Both satDNAs showed complex and disparate evolutionary patterns, and a highly dynamic behaviour which may be correlated with chromosomal changes and karyotype diversification in this genus. Finally, we found that in Lacerta, TaqI satDNA is involved in the differentiation of the W sex chromosome by heterochromatinization. Interestingly, in Lacerta species TaqI satDNA repeats are differentiated in two groups, one containing W-specific repeats and the other repeats that occur on autosomes. Furthermore, the sharing of TaqI repeats by the W of the Lacerta species investigated seems to indicate the homology of sex chromosomes among these species. Indeed, it would be improbable that the same repeats accumulated on the W chromosome of different species as result of a random process. In contrast, it is likely that these repeats were trapped in the heterochromosome of the common ancestor of modern Lacerta species. The sharing of repetitive elements on the W by Lacerta species and their absence on the W of all the other species investigated also support the monophyletism of this genus.
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36

Hulin, Vincent. "Etude de l'évolution du déterminisme environnemental du sexe chez les reptiles". Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112275.

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Abstract (sommario):
Certaines espèces de reptiles possèdent un déterminisme du sexe de type génétique, la majorité présentant un déterminisme du sexe sensible à la température d’incubation. La prédominance de TSD chez les reptiles est peu expliquée. J’ai cherché à identifier les avantages évolutifs de TSD par rapport aux autres modes de détermination du sexe des reptiles. J’ai montré avec à un modèle théorique que TSD, par la réalisation de sex-ratios biaisés dépendants de l’habitat, pouvait permettre l’expression de stratégies d’allocation sexuelle évolutivement avantageuses. J’ai ensuite étudié l’impact des changements climatiques sur les populations d’espèces à TSD. En effet, on suppose que ces populations devraient être plus sensibles à ces changements que les populations à GSD. J’ai pu mettre en évidence que les sex-ratios produits par les populations à TSD permettaient l’expression de potentialités évolutives, et que celles-ci pouvaient être reliées aux caractéristiques de TSD. Enfin, j’ai étudié l’histoire phylogénétique de TSD en utilisant une phylogénie des tortues calculée à partir de séquences de gènes mitochondriaux et nucléaires. En utilisant des données issues de la littérature scientifique, j’ai cherché à savoir si l’histoire phylogénétique de TSD pouvait être liée à des modifications des caractéristiques de ce mécanisme de détermination du sexe. Nos résultats ne semblent pas supporter cette hypothèse. Ces différentes études me permettent de conclure que, chez les reptiles, TSD pourrait être un mécamécanisme évolutivement avantageux par rapport à GSD. Son maintien chez ces espèces pourrait aussi être dû à une inertie phylogénétique ou à une quasi-neutralité par rapport à GSD
There is a high diversity in sex determination mechanisms among species with sexual reproduction. In reptiles, even if some species show genetical sex determination mechanism (GSD), the majority of species show temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD). The predominance of TSD in reptiles is still enigmatic. I tried to identify the evolutionary advantages of TSD in reptiles, compared to other sex determination mechanisms. First, based on a theoretical model, I have shown that TSD, by producing biased sex-ratios habitat-dependant, could permit the expression of advantageous sexual allocation strategies. Second, I studied the potential impact of global change on populations of TSD species. Indeed, it has been proposed that these populations should be more sensitive to climate change than populations of GSD species. I showed that the sex-ratios produced by TSD populations could permit the expression of an evolutionary potential, and that this potential can be linked to TSD characteristics. Finally, based on a phylogeny of turtle species calculated from mitochondrial and nuclear genes sequences, I studied the phylogenetic history of TSD. With data from the literature, I tried to know if the phylogenetic history of TSD could be linked to modifications of the characteristics of this sex determination mechanism. These differents studies conducted me to conclude that TSD in reptiles could be more advantageous than other sex determination mechanisms. But its maintenance could also be due to phylogenetic inertia, or evolutionary quasi-neutrality, compared to GSD
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37

Fuga, Adriana [UNESP]. "Determinantes da resposta termofílica pós-prandial em Crotalus durissus terrificus (Squamata: Viperidae)". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99552.

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Abstract (sommario):
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Virtualmente todos os processos biológicos são influenciados pela temperatura. Desta forma, os animais, em geral, investem tempo e energia para regular a temperatura corpórea (Tc) ao passo que os animais ectotérmicos, em particular, têm sua biologia fortemente moldada pela termorregulação comportamental. No caso das serpentes o desempenho em cada atividade em particular pode ser otimizado ou prejudicado em diferentes temperaturas. Como consequência, serpentes podem alterar a temperatura corpórea selecionada com base no tipo de atividade que está sendo exercida no momento e de acordo com a disponibilidade térmica do ambiente. Um exemplo bem conhecido é a seleção de micro-habitats com temperatura mais elevada levando a um aumento significativo da Tc após a ingestão do alimento, comportamento referido como “resposta termofílica pós-prandial”. Este aumento da Tc sabidamente acelera a digestão e, possivelmente, traz beneficios no orçamento de tempo e energia das serpentes. No entanto, a busca de sitios térmicos mais propícios deve acarretar em custos e riscos, especialmente em serpentes recentemente alimentadas que tem a capacidade de locomoção reduzida e, portanto, poderia torná-las mais vulneráveis à predação. Como as serpentes solucionam este conflito entre os benefícios providos por um aumento da Tc durante a digestão do alimento e os riscos envolvidos com a termorregulação é, atualmente, ignorado. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi documentar a resposta termofílica pós-prandial da cascavel, Crotalus durissus terrificus, em condições de laboratório, disponibilizando ou não abrigos (tocas) em um gradiente térmico. Nossos resultados permitem concluir que C. d. terrificus apresenta um ciclo circadiano de variação da Tc, com temperaturas mais altas registradas no final da tarde e início da noite...
Virtually all biological processes are influenced by temperature. Thus, animals generally invest time and energy to regulate body temperature (Tc) while ectotherms, in particular, have their biology strongly shaped by behavioral thermoregulation. In snakes, performance in each particular activity can be enhanced or impaired at different temperatures. Consequently, snakes can alter body temperature selected based on the type of activity being carried out at the time and according to the availability of the thermal environment. A well-known example is the selection of micro-habitats with higher temperature leads to a significant increase in Tc after ingestion of food, behavior referred to as “post-prandial thermophilic response. This increase of Tc accelerates digestion and possibly brings benefits in the budget of time and energy of snakes. However, the search for thermal sites should result in more favorable costs and risks, especially recently fed into serpents which is capable of locomotion reduced and therefore could make them more vulnerable to predators. As snakes resolve this conflict between the benefits provided by an increase in Tc during the digestion of food and the risks involved with thermoregulation is currently ignored. Thus, the objective of this study was to document the post-prandial thermophilic response of rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus terrificus, under laboratory conditions, offering or not shelters (burrows) in a thermal gradient. Our results suggest that C. d. terrificus has a circadian variation of Tc with higher temperatures recorded in the late afternoon and early evening. The feed caused an increase in mean body temperature of C. d. terrificus and this increase was primarily due to an increase in minimum temperatures in the early days of digestion. With the availability of shelters, the thermoregulatory behavior... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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38

Sanches, Leonardo [UNESP]. "Anestesia espinhal no lagarto Iguana iguana (Linnaeus, 1758)". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/115707.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Ainda não foi descrito na literatura um protocolo para anestesia espinhal em Iguana iguana. Porém essa técnica é amplamente empregada em mamíferos por evitar transtornos fisiopatológicos desencadeados pela anestesia geral. É obtida pela inoculação de um anestésico local em uma determinada área do canal medular, bloqueando temporariamente a inervação presente na região. Objetivou-se com este estudo desenvolver um protocolo anestésico para anestesia espinhal em Iguana iguana. Dois espécimes foram utilizados durante a análise radiográfica da coluna vertebral. Em seguida, quatro animais foram eutanasiados para avaliação macroscópica do canal medular e para análises histológicas da medula espinhal nas regiões pré-sacral, sacral e coccígea. Observou-se que a medula espinhal estende-se até a extremidade da cauda, e que devido a outras características anatômicas do canal medular, bem como das vértebras pré-sacrais, sacrais e coccígeas, o local mais indicado para inoculação do anestésico é o espaço intervertebral presente entre a última vértebra présacral e a primeira sacral. Posteriormente, oito indivíduos foram submetidos a dois tratamentos distintos. No grupo 1-Ig administrou-se solução salina e no grupo 2-Ig foi administrado cloridrato de lidocaína com hemitartarato de epinefrina na dose de 0,158 mg/cm, no espaço intervertebral pré-determinado. Os animais permaneceram 93,8 ± 14,8 min com ausência de resposta sensitiva aos estímulos dolorosos nos membros pélvicos e 98 ± 13,7 min de miorrelaxamento. Na cauda, o bloqueio sensitivo permaneceu durante 41,1 ± 11 min na região proximal, 11,9 ± 7,9 min na região média e 4,9 ± 4,9 min na região distal, não sendo possível comprovar se as respostas aos estímulos dolorosos foram reais ou um arco-reflexo. A temperatura corporal esteve dentro dos parâmetros “preferenciais” durante praticamente todo o experimento em ambos os grupos. A frequência ...
In the literature, there is no protocol for spinal anesthesia in Iguana iguana. However, it is widely used in mammals with the purpose of avoid pathophysiological disorders that can be triggered by general anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia is achieved by the inoculation of a local anesthetic in a particular area of the medullary canal that temporarily blocks the neural pathways in this region. So, considering the lack of scientific information about this kind of anesthesia in reptiles, the objective of the present study was to develop a protocol of spinal anesthesia for the lizard Iguana iguana. Initially, two specimens were used for the radiographic examination of the spine, and then, four animals were euthanized for macroscopic evaluation of the spinal canal and for histological analyzes of the pre-sacral, sacral and coccygeal regions. It was observed that the spinal cord of these animals extends up to the end of the tail, and that due to other anatomical features of the spinal canal and of the pre-sacral, sacral and coccygeal vertebrae, the most suitable location for the anesthetic administration is the intervertebral space between the last pre-sacral and first sacral vertebrae. Subsequently, eight individuals were submitted to two different treatments: in the group 1-Ig isosmotic saline were administered at the previously determined intervertebral space, while in the group 2-Ig were administered lidocaine hydrochloride with epinephrine hemitartrate (0.158 mg/cm). The animals remained 93.8±14.8 minutes with absence of sensory response to painful stimuli in the hind limbs, and 98±13.7 minutes of myorelaxation. On the tail, the sensory blockade remained for 41.1±11 minutes in the proximal, 11.9±7.9 minutes in the central region and 4.9±4.9 minutes in the distal region, although it was not possible to verify whether the responses to painful stimuli were real or derived from a reflex arc. The body temperatures were within the preferential ...
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39

Sanches, Leonardo. "Anestesia espinhal no lagarto Iguana iguana (Linnaeus, 1758) /". São José do Rio Preto, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/115707.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
Orientador: Luiz Henrique Florindo
Banca: Ricardo Guilherme D'Otaviano de Castro Vilani
Banca: Sebastião Roberto Taboga
Resumo: Ainda não foi descrito na literatura um protocolo para anestesia espinhal em Iguana iguana. Porém essa técnica é amplamente empregada em mamíferos por evitar transtornos fisiopatológicos desencadeados pela anestesia geral. É obtida pela inoculação de um anestésico local em uma determinada área do canal medular, bloqueando temporariamente a inervação presente na região. Objetivou-se com este estudo desenvolver um protocolo anestésico para anestesia espinhal em Iguana iguana. Dois espécimes foram utilizados durante a análise radiográfica da coluna vertebral. Em seguida, quatro animais foram eutanasiados para avaliação macroscópica do canal medular e para análises histológicas da medula espinhal nas regiões pré-sacral, sacral e coccígea. Observou-se que a medula espinhal estende-se até a extremidade da cauda, e que devido a outras características anatômicas do canal medular, bem como das vértebras pré-sacrais, sacrais e coccígeas, o local mais indicado para inoculação do anestésico é o espaço intervertebral presente entre a última vértebra présacral e a primeira sacral. Posteriormente, oito indivíduos foram submetidos a dois tratamentos distintos. No grupo 1-Ig administrou-se solução salina e no grupo 2-Ig foi administrado cloridrato de lidocaína com hemitartarato de epinefrina na dose de 0,158 mg/cm, no espaço intervertebral pré-determinado. Os animais permaneceram 93,8 ± 14,8 min com ausência de resposta sensitiva aos estímulos dolorosos nos membros pélvicos e 98 ± 13,7 min de miorrelaxamento. Na cauda, o bloqueio sensitivo permaneceu durante 41,1 ± 11 min na região proximal, 11,9 ± 7,9 min na região média e 4,9 ± 4,9 min na região distal, não sendo possível comprovar se as respostas aos estímulos dolorosos foram reais ou um arco-reflexo. A temperatura corporal esteve dentro dos parâmetros "preferenciais" durante praticamente todo o experimento em ambos os grupos. A frequência ...
Abstract: In the literature, there is no protocol for spinal anesthesia in Iguana iguana. However, it is widely used in mammals with the purpose of avoid pathophysiological disorders that can be triggered by general anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia is achieved by the inoculation of a local anesthetic in a particular area of the medullary canal that temporarily blocks the neural pathways in this region. So, considering the lack of scientific information about this kind of anesthesia in reptiles, the objective of the present study was to develop a protocol of spinal anesthesia for the lizard Iguana iguana. Initially, two specimens were used for the radiographic examination of the spine, and then, four animals were euthanized for macroscopic evaluation of the spinal canal and for histological analyzes of the pre-sacral, sacral and coccygeal regions. It was observed that the spinal cord of these animals extends up to the end of the tail, and that due to other anatomical features of the spinal canal and of the pre-sacral, sacral and coccygeal vertebrae, the most suitable location for the anesthetic administration is the intervertebral space between the last pre-sacral and first sacral vertebrae. Subsequently, eight individuals were submitted to two different treatments: in the group 1-Ig isosmotic saline were administered at the previously determined intervertebral space, while in the group 2-Ig were administered lidocaine hydrochloride with epinephrine hemitartrate (0.158 mg/cm). The animals remained 93.8±14.8 minutes with absence of sensory response to painful stimuli in the hind limbs, and 98±13.7 minutes of myorelaxation. On the tail, the sensory blockade remained for 41.1±11 minutes in the proximal, 11.9±7.9 minutes in the central region and 4.9±4.9 minutes in the distal region, although it was not possible to verify whether the responses to painful stimuli were real or derived from a reflex arc. The body temperatures were within the preferential ...
Mestre
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40

Fuga, Adriana. "Determinantes da resposta termofílica pós-prandial em Crotalus durissus terrificus (Squamata: Viperidae) /". Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99552.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
Orientador: Denis Otávio Vieira de Andrade
Banca: Cleo Alcantara Costa Leite
Banca: Jose Eduardo de Carvalho
Resumo: Virtualmente todos os processos biológicos são influenciados pela temperatura. Desta forma, os animais, em geral, investem tempo e energia para regular a temperatura corpórea (Tc) ao passo que os animais ectotérmicos, em particular, têm sua biologia fortemente moldada pela termorregulação comportamental. No caso das serpentes o desempenho em cada atividade em particular pode ser otimizado ou prejudicado em diferentes temperaturas. Como consequência, serpentes podem alterar a temperatura corpórea selecionada com base no tipo de atividade que está sendo exercida no momento e de acordo com a disponibilidade térmica do ambiente. Um exemplo bem conhecido é a seleção de micro-habitats com temperatura mais elevada levando a um aumento significativo da Tc após a ingestão do alimento, comportamento referido como "resposta termofílica pós-prandial". Este aumento da Tc sabidamente acelera a digestão e, possivelmente, traz beneficios no orçamento de tempo e energia das serpentes. No entanto, a busca de sitios térmicos mais propícios deve acarretar em custos e riscos, especialmente em serpentes recentemente alimentadas que tem a capacidade de locomoção reduzida e, portanto, poderia torná-las mais vulneráveis à predação. Como as serpentes solucionam este conflito entre os benefícios providos por um aumento da Tc durante a digestão do alimento e os riscos envolvidos com a termorregulação é, atualmente, ignorado. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi documentar a resposta termofílica pós-prandial da cascavel, Crotalus durissus terrificus, em condições de laboratório, disponibilizando ou não abrigos (tocas) em um gradiente térmico. Nossos resultados permitem concluir que C. d. terrificus apresenta um ciclo circadiano de variação da Tc, com temperaturas mais altas registradas no final da tarde e início da noite... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Virtually all biological processes are influenced by temperature. Thus, animals generally invest time and energy to regulate body temperature (Tc) while ectotherms, in particular, have their biology strongly shaped by behavioral thermoregulation. In snakes, performance in each particular activity can be enhanced or impaired at different temperatures. Consequently, snakes can alter body temperature selected based on the type of activity being carried out at the time and according to the availability of the thermal environment. A well-known example is the selection of micro-habitats with higher temperature leads to a significant increase in Tc after ingestion of food, behavior referred to as "post-prandial thermophilic response". This increase of Tc accelerates digestion and possibly brings benefits in the budget of time and energy of snakes. However, the search for thermal sites should result in more favorable costs and risks, especially recently fed into serpents which is capable of locomotion reduced and therefore could make them more vulnerable to predators. As snakes resolve this conflict between the benefits provided by an increase in Tc during the digestion of food and the risks involved with thermoregulation is currently ignored. Thus, the objective of this study was to document the post-prandial thermophilic response of rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus terrificus, under laboratory conditions, offering or not shelters (burrows) in a thermal gradient. Our results suggest that C. d. terrificus has a circadian variation of Tc with higher temperatures recorded in the late afternoon and early evening. The feed caused an increase in mean body temperature of C. d. terrificus and this increase was primarily due to an increase in minimum temperatures in the early days of digestion. With the availability of shelters, the thermoregulatory behavior... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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41

Gavira, Rodrigo Samuel Bueno. "Termorregulação, balanço hídrico e metabolismo energético de viperídeos Neotropicais (Serpentes : Crotalinae) /". Rio Claro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151272.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
Orientador: Denis Vieira de Andrade
Banca: Ariovaldo Pereira da Cruz Neto
Banca: Cléo Alcantara Costa Leite
Banca: Guilherme Gomes
Banca: Fabio Cury de Barros
Resumo: A temperatura afeta dramaticamente todos os processos fisiológicos dos organismos e, portanto, a maioria dos animais investe tempo e energia consideráveis na termorregulação. Animais ectotérmicos regulam a temperatura corpórea (Tb) principalmente com base em fontes externas de calor e por meio de ajustes comportamentais. Como consequência, ectotermos experimentam flutuações muito maiores da Tb do que a grande maioria dos animais endotérmicos. A variação da Tb tem impactos profundos nas capacidades funcionais das ectotermias e pode resultar em importantes consequências ecológicas. Em ectotermos, a taxa metabólica de repouso (TMR) e a perda de água evaporativa (PEA) são em geral diretamente relacionadas com a Tb, podendo ainda ser afetadas por características térmicas e disponibilidade de água dos diferentes hábitats. Ademais, a termorregulação nos ectotermos é determinada por um equilíbrio entre os custos e benefícios. Os ajustes no comportamento termorregulatório para compensar as condições adversas do ambiente podem acarretar numa alta demanda energia e tempo para os animais, enquanto que a regulação Tb pode resultar em benefícios associados à otimização de vários processos fisiológicos a uma determinada temperatura. Assim, particularmente para Squamata, os animais exibirão uma temperatura corpórea preferida (Tpref) na faixa térmica que melhora suas atividades. Estendendo-se abaixo e acima da faixa de Tpref, ectotermos irão atingir um limite térmico inferior (CTmin) ou super ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Not available
Doutor
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42

Segniagbeto, Hoinsoudé. "Herpétofaune du Togo : taxinomie, biogéographie". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MNHN0038.

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Au cours de ces dix dernières années, les travaux de recherche sur la faune herpétologique de l’Afrique en général et de l’Afrique de l’Ouest en particulier sont devenus de plus en plus importants. Cependant, très peu ont été consacrés à cette faune au Togo. Nous avons réalisé dans cette étude une analyse des problèmes taxinomiques des différents groupes. Au total 157 espèces de Reptiles (dont 124 basées sur des spécimens examinés) et 60 espèces d’Amphibiens (dont 44 basées sur les spécimens examinés) ont été recensées au Togo. Nous présentons dans ce travail une synthèse des caractères morphologiques des espèces dont les spécimens ont été examinés et des remarques taxinomiques sur les groupes dont la systématique reste confuse. A cet effet, deux études de cas plus approfondies ont été réalisées, l’une d’Amphibiens et l’autre de Reptiles, basés sur la morphologie, montrant les concepts et méthodes de base de la taxinomie. La première concerne une analyse des caractères morphologiques et morphométriques des espèces du genre Phrynobatrachus Günther, 1862 (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae) recensées au Togo. Les Phrynobatrachus constituent un des groupes d’Amphibiens d’Afrique dont la systématique comporte plusieurs difficultés et dont la révision de l’ensemble des espèces appartenant à ce genre est nécessaire. La deuxième porte sur l’analyse du complexe d’espèces Lamprophis fuliginosus (Boie, 1827) et Lamprophis lineatus (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) (Reptilia, Ophidia, Lamprophiidae) morphologiquement semblables. Les analyses taxinomiques de ces groupes ont permis d’apporter des contributions majeures à la systématique de ces groupes et constituent l’une des pistes de recherches pour la clarification des confusions taxinomiques de ces groupes. Bien avant ces travaux d’analyses taxinomiques, une première partie de ce travail a été consacrée à l’analyse de la faune herpétologique du Togo. Elle présente cette faune dans sa composition, sa diversité, son habitat et sa biogéographie. Le Togo est situés dans le Golfe de Guinée avec la présence du couloir de Dahomey et de fortes les pressions anthropiques sur les ressources naturelles sont actuellement notées dans le pays. Les impacts du couloir de Dahomey et de la dégradation actuelle des écosystèmes forestiers du Togo sur la distribution des espèces ont été examinés. Une synthèse sur le commerce international de la faune herpétologique du Togo a également été présentée. L’urgence de la mise en place des structures de gestion de ce commerce a été soulignée. Il convient également de préciser que dans ce travail, nous avons évoqué la crise actuelle de la diversité biologique et difficultés de la taxinomie
During the ten last years, research on the herpetofauna of Africa in general and of West Africa in particular increased significantly. However, very few work was devoted to Reptiles and Amphibians of Togo, but also to an analysis of taxinomic confusion of the various groups. In total, 157 species of Reptiles (including 124 based on specimens examined) and 60 species of Amphibians (including 44 based on specimens examined) were listed in Togo. We present in this work a synthesis of morphological characters of the species whose specimens were examined and the taxinomic remarks on the groups with unclear taxonomic statut that need to be revised. For that purpose, two groups were studied in great detail, one of Amphibians and the other of Reptiles, showing the concepts and basic methods of taxonomy based on morphology. The first relates to an analysis of morphologic and morphometric characters of the species of the genus Phrynobatrachus Günther, 1862 (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae) recorded in Togo. The genus Phrynobatrachus constitutes one of the Amphibians groups of Africa whose systematic present much difficulties and the revision of the whole species of this genus become necessary. The second analysis was devoted to the complex morphologically similar species Lamprophis fuliginosus (Drinks, 1827) and Lamprophis lineatus (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) (Reptilia, Ophidia, Lamprophiidae). The taxinomic analyses of these genera contribute in important manner to systematic of these groups and constitute one of the steps of research necessary for the clarification of taxinomic confusions of these groups. The first part of this thesis is devoted to an analysis of herpetofauna of Togo and presents composition, diversity, habitat and biogeography of this fauna. Togo is situated in Gulf of Guinea and its extension coincides with the corridor of Dahomey. The anthropic pressures on natural resources in Togo were currently noted. The impacts of the corridor of Dahomey and the current degradation of forest ecosystems on the distribution of the species were presented. Data on international trade of the herpetofauna of Togo are given and discussed. The urgency of the implementation of a management organization settling this trade was underlined. It is also advisable to specify that in this work, we evoked the current crisis of biodiversity and current handicap of taxonomy
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43

Loughman, Zachary James. "Natural history and conservation biology of a southern West Virginia contour surface mine reptile and amphibian community". Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2005. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=585.

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44

Arredondo, Elias de Quiros Cristóbal Emilio. "Antecedentes sobre el origen y parásitos de Tarentola mauritanica, un nuevo reptil exótico en Chile". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/146436.

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Tesis para optar al Grado de Magíster en Ciencias Animales y Veterinarias mención Medicina Preventiva Animal.
Las especies invasoras son actualmente la segunda mayor amenaza para la biodiversidad siendo un componente generalizado y significativo del cambio ambiental global causado por los seres humanos. Si bien durante las últimas décadas se describe una declinación de las poblaciones de reptiles y anfibios a nivel mundial, son cada vez más los registros de especies de estos grupos que se desplazan a nuevos hábitats muchas veces generando efectos negativos sobre estos ambientes. Tarentola mauritanica o salamanqueja común, es una especie de reptil que ha sido reportada como introducida en diferentes países incluyendo Chile, donde al parecer de manera accidental se transportaron individuos junto con materiales importados para el Metro de Santiago. Con el fin de confirmar molecularmente la presencia de esta especie, determinar su origen y describir su fauna parasitaria, en el presente estudio se capturó a individuos de la población encontrada en la ex Ciudad de Niño en la comuna de San Miguel, Región Metropolitana. Mediante la secuenciación de un segmento de 12S y 16S ARNr fue posible confirmar que Tarentola mauritanica mauritanica es la especie introducida en nuestro país. Asimismo, utilizando secuencias obtenidas de congéneres desde diferentes zonas de su distribución natural, se realizaron análisis filogenéticos para determinar la procedencia de este reptil. Dada la baja diversidad genética mitocondrial descrita para esta especie en el clado europeo, no fue posible obtener esta información. Finalmente, se observó que los individuos capturados presentaron menor diversidad y densidad parasitaria que lo descrito para la especie en su distribución natural, lo cual concuerda con lo reportado para diferentes especies introducidas a nivel mundial
Nowadays invasive alien species are considered the second major threat to biodiversity and a significant component of the global environmental change induced by human population. Even though it has been described a declination of reptile and amphibian populations worldwide there is an increasing amount of reports from these animals moving to new habitats causing negative effects over the colonized environments. Tarentola mauritanica (Moorish Gecko) is a reptile that has been reported as introduced in different countries around the world. Apparently, they arrived to Chile traveling together with imported materials for the Subway (Metro de Santiago). The aim of the present study was to confirm using molecular methods the presence of T. mauritanica in Chile, to determinate its origin and to describe its parasites. The samples were taken from the gecko population located in ex Ciudad de Niño (Comuna de San Miguel, Región Metropolitana, Chile). Sequencing fragments from 12S and 16S rRNA it was confirmed that Tarentola mauritanica mauritanica is the alien introduced species in our country. Likewise, phylogenetic analysis were conducted comparing the obtained sequences with others from individuals within their natural distribution to determine the origin of this population. Nevertheless, it was not possible given the low mitochondrial genetic diversity of the European clade of this specie. Regarding the parasitic burden, the sampled specimens showed a lower diversity and density of parasites when compared with individuals from population within their natural distribution. This finding was expected according to what has been reported to different introduced alien species around the world
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45

Jenkins, Ian. "Cranial form and function in some Permian carnivorous synapsid (mammal-like) reptiles". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407427.

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46

Ineich, Ivan. "Recherches sur le peuplement et l'évolution des Reptiles terrestres de Polynésie française". Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20238.

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L'examen des statuts sytematiques a permis de distinguer deux especes de scincidae et dans les populations du gesco l. Lugubris, cinq clones parthenogenetiques diploides ou triploides, une lignee bisexuee et certains individus issus d'une hybridation entre ces deux groupes. Une analyse micro-evolutive de plus de 6000 individus montre que, malgre la repartition des iles sur une tres grande surface marine, les capacites de dispersion ne permettent pas l'isolement de populations. Les resultats obtenus sont confrontes aux donnees acquises sur deux groupes d'invertebres remarquables par leur radiations en polynesie francaise
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47

McAllister, Chris Thomas. "Systematics of Coccidian Parasites (Apicomplexa) from Amphibians and Reptiles in Northcentral Texas". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330629/.

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Between February 1986 and October 1988, 863 amphibians and reptiles were collected in northcentral Texas and examined for coccidial parasites. Thirteen percent of amphibians <26% salamanders, 11% frogs and toads) and 28% of reptiles (54% turtles, 25% snakes) harbored 20 previously described and 16 new species of coccidia; overall prevalence of infection was 176/863 < 20%). Sixteen Ambvstoma texanum were infected with Eimeria ambystomae which represents new host and geographic locality records for the coccidium. Forty anurans were found to be passing coccidia, including Pseudacris streckeri. Bufo valliceos and Gastrophryne olivacea. Four new species of coccidia were described from anurans and include Eimeria flexuosa. E. streckeri. Isospora dellcatus and I_. fraaosum. However, oocysts found in B. v.. valliceps were determined experimentally to represent pseudoparasites. Sixty-eight turtles were infected with coccidia, including Chelvdra serpentina, Kinoeternon flavescens. Pseudemvs texana. Terrapeng ornata and Trachemvs scripta eleoans. Fourteen eimerians (5 of which are described as new species) were found in turtles. The new species from turtles include Eimeria cooteri, E. ornata, E. Btvlosa. E. texana and E. trachemvdis. Interestingly, all 96 lizards examined were negative for coccidia. Fifty-three snakes including 11 colubrids and 1 viperld harbored coccidia of the genera Caryospora. Cryptosporidium. Eimeria and Sarcocystis: prevalence of infection was highest in 3 species of North American water snakes
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GRIBBINS, KEVIN MICHAEL. "THE CYTOLOGY OF SPERMATOGENESIS AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE SEMINIFEROUS EPITHELIUM IN REPTILES". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1053715753.

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49

Buchy, Marie-Céline. "Mesozoic marine reptiles from north-east Mexico: description, systematics, assemblages and palaeobiogeography". [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/1000007307.

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50

Ineich, Ivan. "Recherches sur le peuplement et l'évolution des reptiles terrestres de Polynésie française". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376061243.

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