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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Reptiles"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 30 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Reptiles"

Azevedo, Alexandre, Leonor Guimarães, Joel Ferraz, Martin Whiting e Manuel Magalhães-Sant’Ana. "Pet Reptiles—Are We Meeting Their Needs?" Animals 11, n. 10 (14 ottobre 2021): 2964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11102964.

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The ability to meet the needs of each species in captivity is at the heart of the ethical debate on the acceptability of keeping reptiles and other animals as pets. Little is known about the ability of reptile owners to understand their pets’ behavior and to meet their welfare requirements. In this study, we surveyed pet reptile owners in Portugal (N = 220) to assess their behavioral knowledge and the provision of essential husbandry needs. Although two-thirds of respondents (68%) scored very good to excellent in terms of knowledge of their pet reptile’s behaviors, only 15% of respondents met four essential reptile husbandry needs (temperature, lighting, diet and refuge) and 43% met two or less. None of the respondents reported their reptile’s welfare as very poor, and only a single respondent reported it as poor. Logistic regression model showed that while snake owners had fourteen times higher odds of reporting adequate husbandry provision, lizard owners had the highest odds of reporting good or very good welfare despite providing less of their animals’ basic husbandry needs. These results suggest that many pet reptiles in Portugal live in, at best, ‘controlled deprivation’ and are at risk of suffering poor welfare throughout their captive lives. Moreover, behaviors indicative of poor welfare and captivity stress were considered ‘normal’ by up to one quarter of respondents. We suggest that the frequency of these behaviors in pet reptiles has led to their acceptance as normal, precluding the search for ways to prevent them. These results suggest that campaigns aimed at challenging the current norm for adequate reptile welfare are warranted.

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Woinarski, J. C. Z., B. P. Murphy, R. Palmer, S. M. Legge, C. R. Dickman, T. S. Doherty, G. Edwards, A. Nankivell, J. L. Read e D. Stokeld. "How many reptiles are killed by cats in Australia?" Wildlife Research 45, n. 3 (2018): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr17160.

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Context Feral cats (Felis catus) are a threat to biodiversity globally, but their impacts upon continental reptile faunas have been poorly resolved. Aims To estimate the number of reptiles killed annually in Australia by cats and to list Australian reptile species known to be killed by cats. Methods We used (1) data from >80 Australian studies of cat diet (collectively >10 000 samples), and (2) estimates of the feral cat population size, to model and map the number of reptiles killed by feral cats. Key results Feral cats in Australia’s natural environments kill 466 million reptiles yr–1 (95% CI; 271–1006 million). The tally varies substantially among years, depending on changes in the cat population driven by rainfall in inland Australia. The number of reptiles killed by cats is highest in arid regions. On average, feral cats kill 61 reptiles km–2 year–1, and an individual feral cat kills 225 reptiles year–1. The take of reptiles per cat is higher than reported for other continents. Reptiles occur at a higher incidence in cat diet than in the diet of Australia’s other main introduced predator, the European red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Based on a smaller sample size, we estimate 130 million reptiles year–1 are killed by feral cats in highly modified landscapes, and 53 million reptiles year–1 by pet cats, summing to 649 million reptiles year–1 killed by all cats. Predation by cats is reported for 258 Australian reptile species (about one-quarter of described species), including 11 threatened species. Conclusions Cat predation exerts a considerable ongoing toll on Australian reptiles. However, it remains challenging to interpret the impact of this predation in terms of population viability or conservation concern for Australian reptiles, because population size is unknown for most Australian reptile species, mortality rates due to cats will vary across reptile species and because there is likely to be marked variation among reptile species in their capability to sustain any particular predation rate. Implications This study provides a well grounded estimate of the numbers of reptiles killed by cats, but intensive studies of individual reptile species are required to contextualise the conservation consequences of such predation.

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Jordan, Francis, e Sze-Man Ngai. "REPTILES WITH HOLES". Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society 48, n. 3 (15 settembre 2005): 651–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001309150400001x.

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AbstractCroft, Falconer and Guy asked: what is the smallest integer $n$ such that an $n$-reptile in the plane has a hole? Motivated by this question, we describe a geometric method of constructing reptiles in $\mathbb{R}^d$, especially reptiles with holes. In particular, we construct, for each even integer $n\ge4$, an $n$-reptile in $\mathbb{R}^2$ with holes. We also answer some questions concerning the topological properties of a reptile whose interior consists of infinitely many components.

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Deakin, Janine E., e Tariq Ezaz. "Understanding the Evolution of Reptile Chromosomes through Applications of Combined Cytogenetics and Genomics Approaches". Cytogenetic and Genome Research 157, n. 1-2 (2019): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000495974.

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Studies of reptile (nonavian reptiles) chromosomes began well over a century ago (1897) with the initial report on the description of sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) chromosomes. Since then, chromosome analysis in reptiles has contributed significantly to understanding chromosome evolution in vertebrates. Reptile karyotypes are also unique, as being the only vertebrate group where the majority of the species possess variable numbers of macro- and microchromosomes, which was first reported for iguanids and teiids in 1921. In addition, many reptiles have microchromosomes as sex chromosomes, highlighting their evolutionary significance, yet very little is known about their evolutionary origin and significance in shaping amniote genomes. Advances in genomic technologies in recent years have accelerated our capacity to understand how sequences are arranged within a genome. However, genomic and cytogenetic analyses have been combined for only 3 species to provide a deeper understanding of reptile chromosome evolution and sequence organization. In this review, we highlight how a combined approach of cytogenetic analysis and sequence analysis in reptiles can help us answer fundamental questions of chromosome evolution in reptiles, including evolution of microchromosomes and sex chromosomes.

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Lambert, Carder e D’Cruze. "Given the Cold Shoulder: A Review of the Scientific Literature for Evidence of Reptile Sentience". Animals 9, n. 10 (17 ottobre 2019): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9100821.

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We searched a selection of the scientific literature to document evidence for, and explorations into reptile sentience. The intention of this review was to highlight; (1) to what extent reptile capability for emotions have been documented in the scientific literature; (2) to discuss the implications this evidence has for the trade in reptiles; and (3) to outline what future research is needed to maximise their captive welfare needs. We used 168 keywords associated with sentience, to search through four journal databases and one open-access journal. We recorded studies that explored sentience in reptiles and those that recognised reptile sentience in their experiments. We found that reptiles were assumed to be capable of the following emotions and states; anxiety, distress, excitement, fear, frustration, pain, stress, and suffering, in 37 articles. We also found four articles that explored and found evidence for the capacity of reptiles to feel pleasure, emotion, and anxiety. These findings show that reptiles are considered to be capable of experiencing a range of emotions and states. This has implications for how reptiles are treated in captivity, as a better understanding could help to inform a range of different operational initiatives aimed at reducing negative animal welfare impacts, including improved husbandry and consumer behaviour change programmes.

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Worrell, Brianna. "How to intubate a reptile". Veterinary Nurse 10, n. 10 (2 dicembre 2019): 548–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/vetn.2019.10.10.548.

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Intubation in reptiles can be challenging in some species. From their anatomy, anaesthetic protocols, technique, and recovery, reptiles have several special considerations. With the right instruments, intubation can be performed successfully on reptiles. In this article, we will discuss the various tools that help to properly intubate reptiles. We will also discuss techniques that will help with intubation on reptile patients as well as protocols for anaesthesia and recovery.

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Mirza, Amrin Naimoddin, e Satish S. Patil. "Seasonal Reptilian Diversity at Gautala Reserve Forest, Aurangabad (Maharashtra), India." Current World Environment 18, n. 2 (31 agosto 2023): 786–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.2.27.

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Reptiles are playing a vital role in ecology. These reptiles show a diverse range of habitat adaptations. They are dispersed in extreme desert conditions as well as in low-temperature areas and they are broadly dispersed across the world. The occurrence of reptiles is a sign of rich biodiversity and ecology. To assess the distribution of the reptile species in a given area, a reptilian species survey was carried out in the Gautala Reserve Forest, where 15 different spots were selected during the rainy, winter, and summer seasons. A checklist was created for the period of 2017-2018. During the investigation, a total of 28 species of reptiles from 6 families were found. The transect method was used to sample direct and indirect evidence of reptilian species. This paper discusses seasonal variations in reptilian diversity and statistical analysis methods. The Boidae family has fewer species than various other families, compared to the huge number of species of the Colubridae family reported in the current study. According to the IUCN, Three species of reptiles, the Common Sand Boa (Gongylophis Conicus), India Rock Python (Python molurus molurus), and John's Sand Boa (Eryx johnii), are Near Threatened (NT- Decreasing), and one species of reptile, the Gunther's Racer (Coluber gracilis), is Data Deficient (DD-Unknown). The remaining 24 species of reptiles are considered Least Concerned. Baseline information on the resilience of these reptile species was collected for the current investigation. These details will be useful for future planning on the preservation of reptile diversity.

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Vera, David Gustavo, Diego Omar Di Pietro, Germán Tettamanti, Manuel Eirin, Clara Trofino Falasco, María Florencia Aranguren, Jorge Daniel Williams, Federico Pablo Kacoliris e Igor Berkunsky. "An annotated list of the reptiles of the highland grassland of Tandilia Mountains, Argentina". Neotropical Biology and Conservation 16, n. 1 (9 marzo 2021): 185–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.16.e60629.

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The study of biodiversity is a fundamental step to develop conservation strategies. Reptile populations are immersed in a global crisis, due to anthropic disturbances. Almost the entire Pampa ecoregion in Argentina was modified for agricultural and livestock activities, the only remnants of mountain native grasslands in Buenos Aires province being the Tandilia and Ventania mountain systems. Ventania reptiles have been exhaustively researched in last years, while Tandilia counts with fewer studies. We presented an actualized reptiles list of the Tandilia Mountain System. We used five data sources to collect presence records: literature, fieldwork, museum collection, citizen science, and a online database. The composition of reptiles from the Tandilia Mountain range includes 26 species in 12 families. Due to the presence of several endemic reptiles, and the representativeness of more than half of the reptiles of Pampa Ecoregion, Tandilia would be useful to determine conservation priority areas to conserve the native grassland and their reptile fauna.

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Madella-Auricchio, Cláudia Renata, Paulo Auricchio e Enio Saraiva Soares. "Reptile species composition in the Middle Gurguéia and comparison with inventories in the eastern Parnaíba River Basin, State of Piauí, Brazil". Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 57, n. 28 (15 settembre 2017): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/0031-1049.2017.57.28.

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The reptile diversity of the Middle Gurguéia River Basin in southern Piauí, Brazil, is little known. The rapid expansion of agriculture in the region is converting the Cerrado and Caatinga into large farming areas, which threatens biodiversity and hastens its loss. In this study, 68 specimens of reptiles from a university collection were examined, comprising 29 species: ten lizards, one amphisbaenian, 15 snakes, two turtles and one crocodilian. They were collected from five locations in the Middle Gurguéia Basin, a region not previously evaluated for reptiles. The most abundant species is a member of Tropidurus. Comparison with eight other areas in the eastern Parnaíba Basin indicated that the diversity of reptiles in the Middle Gurguéia is similar to that in other Caatinga-Cerrado ecotone areas. The reptile assemblage in the eastern Parnaíba Basin comprises 100 species of reptiles: 39 lizards, five amphisbaenians, 50 snakes, four chelonians and two crocodilians. This study expanded the known distributions of some reptiles and recorded the first occurrence of Helicops leopardinus (Schlegel, 1837) for Piauí. A cluster analysis showed that the reptile composition concords with the habitat where species were found, i.e. Cerrado, Caatinga or ecotone. Studies that associate habitat structure with each species are essential to propose efficient strategies for reptile management and conservation for the entire Parnaíba River Basin, mostly in areas that are not yet protected.

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Valdez, Jose W. "Using Google Trends to Determine Current, Past, and Future Trends in the Reptile Pet Trade". Animals 11, n. 3 (3 marzo 2021): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030676.

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Reptiles are one of the most popular exotic pets in the world, with over a third of all described species currently being traded. However, the most commonly available reptiles are typically non-threatened, captive-bred, and/or domestically obtained, which means they are also largely unregulated and unmonitored, resulting in a large portion of the reptile pet trade remaining unknown. In this study, the past, current, and future trends of the most popular reptiles in the pet trade were examined. Google Trends was used to determine the global popularity of the most popular pets from 2004 to 2020 and compared to the results from an online survey sent to individuals involved in the reptile trade. The most popular pets from the previous five years were also compared globally across regions and countries. The results determined that the most popular reptile species during the last decade is by far bearded dragons, followed by ball pythons and leopard geckos. Although the survey results were similar when asked what the top reptiles were, most respondents named ball pythons as the most popular reptile. However, when asked what reptiles had lost the most popularity during the previous decade, the survey respondents named green iguanas, Burmese pythons, chameleons, red-eared sliders, and green anoles, concurring with what was found with Google Trends. The reptiles thought to be more popular in the upcoming decade by the survey participants were blue-tongued skinks, tegus, uromastyx, crested geckos, and ball pythons—most of which did indeed show an increase in popularity during the last decade, as indicated with Google Trends. The results from Google Trends demonstrated that ball pythons and crested geckos have increased their popularity more than any other reptile in the last two decades. Reptile popularity also differed between countries, with bearded dragons the most popular reptile in Australia, Western Europe, the U.S., and Canada. Leopard geckos were the most popular reptile in Italy and Turkey, and ball pythons were the reptile of choice in Mexico, Indonesia, and India. The general finding of this study is that the reptiles declining in popularity were mostly wild-caught or restricted due to regulations, while current and future species were captive-bred and available in many varieties or morphs. The most popular species were also docile, medium-sized, and easy to handle, with relatively simple care requirements. This study demonstrates that Google Trends can be a useful tool for determining relative popularity among reptiles, or any other pet group, with results closely mirroring those obtained through direct surveying of people involved in the pet trade. However, unlike surveys, this analysis is quick, quantifiable, and can show what is popular and in-demand not only at the global level but at much finer scales. Thus, Google Trends can be a valuable tool in many research applications, especially in topics that may otherwise be difficult to monitor and quantify.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Reptiles"

Gavira, Rodrigo Samuel Bueno [UNESP]. "Determinantes do aumento metabólico pós-prandial em urutus, Bothrops alternatus (Serpentes, Viperidae)". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99548.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-10-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:40:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gavira_rsb_me_rcla.pdf: 847914 bytes, checksum: 30801f5783f8efbfaed2c1c9ebf88cd8 (MD5)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O grupo das serpentes é formado por animais estritamente carnívoros que ingerem suas presas inteiras, sem mastigação. Algumas espécies podem tolerar períodos prolongados de jejum intercalados com ingestão ocasional de presas muito grandes em relação à sua massa corpórea. Tais serpentes apresentam, dentre todos os vertebrados, algumas das mais dramáticas especializações morfológicas, comportamentais e fisiológicas associadas à alimentação. Uma das consequências da ingestão de grandes massas de alimento é o excepcional aumento da taxa metabólica pós-prandial, referido como Ação Dinâmica Específica (ADE). A magnitude dessa resposta metabólica pós-prandial depende essencialmente do tamanho e da natureza do alimento, associado a fatores como o tamanho corpóreo e a temperatura do ambiente. No entanto, raros são os trabalhos que caracterizaram a ADE de espécies de serpentes neotropicais e examinaram os fatores que potencialmente poderiam afetar esta resposta. Deste modo, ao longo dos dois capítulos que compõem a presente dissertação, investiguei alguns dos determinantes proximais do aumento metabólico pós-prandial da urutu-cruzeiro, Bothrops alternatus (Serpentes, Viperidae). O capítulo I foi dedicado à investigação dos efeitos da temperatura e do termoperíodo sobre a ADE de Bothrops alternatus (Serpentes, Viperidae). O capítulo II foi dedicado ao estudo dos efeitos do tamanho da presa sobre a ADE de Bothrops alternatus (Serpentes, Viperidae). Nossos resultados mostraram que o aumento da temperatura corpórea é acompanhado por uma aceleração do processo digestivo às custas de um maior incremento metabólico. A variação destes parâmetros ocorre de maneira inteiramente proporcional de forma que a energética da ADE não foi afetada pela variação da temperatura...
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Ballen, Margaret. "Biology of colour signalling reptiles". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10034.

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Given abundant evidence that suggests colour patches serve as important social signals in reptiles, the ‘honesty’ of such colours can be best understood in relation to the mechanisms mediating colour expression. One such mechanism is oxidative stress by free radicals. The first part of my PhD thesis thus focuses on factors that dictate signal phenotype and expression with an emphasis on free radicals, which constrain fitness-related traits such as colour. We show that systemic free radical levels change in opposing ways among the sexes in response to different activity levels in the painted dragon lizard, Ctenophorus pictus. We demonstrate that oxidative stress strongly contributes to telomere attrition, which is also influenced by maternal telomere length, and may be counterbalanced by maternal reproductive investment. Systemic free radicals are negatively associated with total ROS production by immune cells after an immune challenge, and antioxidant status is negatively related to ROS production after the immune challenge. The second part of my thesis largely explores how developmental conditions and previous social experiences shape behaviour, phenotype, and colour expression in the veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus). Incubation temperature affects hatchling behaviour and morphology, but fitness costs associated with being incubated in low (suboptimal) nest temperatures may be offset by superior post-hatch growth and foraging abilities later in life. Incubation temperature, along with egg mass, also determines sex in veiled chameleons. Previous social experience also affects subsequent social behaviour and colour in chameleons. Social interactions during the first two months of life affected a chameleon’s behavioural and colour responses to newly-encountered conspecifics in standardised social trials. We conclude that social isolation early in life can impair the development of squamate reptiles, as it does in mammals and birds.

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Gavira, Rodrigo Samuel Bueno. "Determinantes do aumento metabólico pós-prandial em urutus, Bothrops alternatus (Serpentes, Viperidae) /". Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99548.

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Orientador: Denis Otavio Vieira de Andrade
Banca: José Eduardo de Carvalho
Banca: Fernando Ribeiro Gomes
Resumo: O grupo das serpentes é formado por animais estritamente carnívoros que ingerem suas presas inteiras, sem mastigação. Algumas espécies podem tolerar períodos prolongados de jejum intercalados com ingestão ocasional de presas muito grandes em relação à sua massa corpórea. Tais serpentes apresentam, dentre todos os vertebrados, algumas das mais dramáticas especializações morfológicas, comportamentais e fisiológicas associadas à alimentação. Uma das consequências da ingestão de grandes massas de alimento é o excepcional aumento da taxa metabólica pós-prandial, referido como Ação Dinâmica Específica (ADE). A magnitude dessa resposta metabólica pós-prandial depende essencialmente do tamanho e da natureza do alimento, associado a fatores como o tamanho corpóreo e a temperatura do ambiente. No entanto, raros são os trabalhos que caracterizaram a ADE de espécies de serpentes neotropicais e examinaram os fatores que potencialmente poderiam afetar esta resposta. Deste modo, ao longo dos dois capítulos que compõem a presente dissertação, investiguei alguns dos determinantes proximais do aumento metabólico pós-prandial da urutu-cruzeiro, Bothrops alternatus (Serpentes, Viperidae). O capítulo I foi dedicado à investigação dos efeitos da temperatura e do termoperíodo sobre a ADE de Bothrops alternatus (Serpentes, Viperidae). O capítulo II foi dedicado ao estudo dos efeitos do tamanho da presa sobre a ADE de Bothrops alternatus (Serpentes, Viperidae). Nossos resultados mostraram que o aumento da temperatura corpórea é acompanhado por uma aceleração do processo digestivo às custas de um maior incremento metabólico. A variação destes parâmetros ocorre de maneira inteiramente proporcional de forma que a energética da ADE não foi afetada pela variação da temperatura... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Not available
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Quinn, Alexander E., e n/a. "EVOLUTION OF SEX-DETERMINING MECHANISMS IN REPTILES". University of Canberra. Institute for Applied Ecology, 2008. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20090311.120346.

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Reptiles exhibit marked diversity in sex-determining mechanisms. Many species exhibit genotypic sex determination (GSD) with male heterogamety (XX females/XY males), others have GSD with female heterogamety (ZW females/ZZ males), and still others exhibit temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD). The distribution of these mechanisms throughout the reptile phylogeny implies evolutionary lability in sex determination, and in some lineages there has been a number of transitions between GSD and TSD. Despite this diversity, GSD and TSD have traditionally been viewed as mutually-exclusive mechanisms of sex determination in reptiles, since there is little evidence for their co-occurrence. Considerable empirical and theoretical effort has been directed towards understanding the adaptive significance of TSD in reptiles. In comparison, there has been little focus on understanding how evolutionary transitions between GSD and TSD occur at a genetic and mechanistic level. I addressed this question by applying both empirical and theoretical approaches to investigate interaction of genotypic and temperature influences in the sex determination of two endemic species of Australian lizards. The three-lined skink, Bassiana duperreyi, has XX/XY chromosomal sex determination, yet a previous investigation reported a significant male bias in the sex ratio of eggs incubated at low temperatures. To enable an explicit test for temperature induced sex reversal in this species, a 185 bp Y chromosome marker was isolated by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. The marker was subsequently converted into a duplex PCR assay that co-amplified a 185 bp (or 92 bp) Y chromosome fragment and a 356 bp fragment of the single-copy nuclear gene C-mos (from both sexes) as a positive control. The accuracy of the PCR sex assay was tested on 78 individuals for which sex reversal was not expected. PCR genotype and sex phenotype were concordant for 96% of the animals. This is one of the very few sex tests developed for a reptile, and the first report of Y chromosome sequence from a reptile. The PCR assay was subsequently applied to genotype hatchlings from both cool (16-7.5C) and warm (22-7.5C) cyclical incubation temperature treatments, and identified sex reversal in 15% of genotypically female (XX) embryos (n=26) from the cool treatment, but no sex reversal in eggs from the warmer treatment (n=35). Thus, low incubation temperatures can over-ride genotypic sex determination in B. duperreyi, indicating that GSD and TSD co-occur in this species. The Central bearded dragon, Pogona vitticeps (Agamidae), has ZZ/ZW chromosomal sex determination, and is a member of a lizard family in which GSD and TSD are both widespread, indicating evolutionary lability in sex determination. AFLP analysis was applied to isolate homologous Z and W chromosome-linked markers (71 bp and 72 bp, respectively) from this species. The AFLP sequences were subsequently extended into larger genomic fragments by a reiterated genome walking procedure, producing three non-overlapping contigs of 1.7 kb, 2.2 kb and 4.5 kb. The latter two fragments were verified as distinct, homologous Z/W chromosome fragments by PCR analyses. An amplified 3 kb fragment of the 4.5 kb contig was physically mapped to metaphase spreads, identifying the W microchromosome, and for the first time in this species, the Z microchromosome. PCR analyses indicated the presence of homologous sequences in other Australian agamid species, including both GSD and TSD species. The isolated sequences should therefore prove useful as a comparative genomic tool for investigating the genomic changes that have occurred in evolutionary transitions between sexdetermining mechanisms in agamids, by enabling the identification of chromosomes in TSD species that are homologous to the sex chromosomes of P. vitticeps. The isolated sequences were further converted into a duplex DNA sex assay that co-amplified a 224 bp W chromosome fragment and a 963 bp positive control fragment in both sexes. This PCR assay diagnosed chromosomal sex in three Pogona species, but was not effective outside the genus. Incubation treatment of P. vitticeps eggs revealed a strong and increasing female bias at high constant temperatures (34-36C), but an unbiased sex ratio between 22-32C. Hatchlings from three clutches split between 28C and 34 or 36C incubation treatments were genotyped with the W chromosome AFLP marker. At 28C, the sex ratio was 1:1 but the high temperature treatments produced 2 males and 33 females. All but one of the 30 lizards (97%) incubated at 28C had concordant sex phenotype and genotype, but only 18 of 35 animals (51%) from the high temperature treatment were concordant. All discordant animals were genotypic males (ZZ) that developed as females. Thus, temperature and genotypic influences can interact to determine sex in P. vitticeps. These empirical findings for B. duperreyi and P. vitticeps were extended into a novel theory for the evolution of sex-determining mechanisms in reptiles, working within the framework that species with temperature-induced reversal of chromosomal sex determination are a window to transitional stages of evolution between GSD and TSD. A model was derived from the observation that in both lizards, an extreme of incubation temperature causes sex reversal of the homogametic genotype. In this model, the strength of a genetic regulatory signal for sex determination must exceed a threshold for development of the homogametic sex to occur (male in Pogona, female in Bassiana). The strength of this signal is also temperature-sensitive, so diminishes at extremes of temperature. Simulation modelling demonstrated that increasing the relative magnitude of the threshold for sexual development can cause evolutionary transitions between GSD and TSD. Even more remarkably, decreasing the relative magnitude of the threshold value causes an evolutionary transition between female and male heterogametic GSD. Quantitative adjustment of a single model parameter (the threshold value) thus charts a continuous evolutionary pathway between the three principal mechanisms of sex determination in reptiles (XX/XY-ZZ/ZW-TSD), which were previously considered to be qualitatively distinct mechanisms. The experimental demonstration of temperature-induced reversal of chromosomal sex determination in both B. duperreyi and P. vitticeps presents a challenge to the traditional view that reptilian sex determination is strictly dichotomous (GSD or TSD), and suggests instead that sex determination in reptiles consists of a continuum of systems of interaction between genotypic and temperature influences. Simulation modelling provided solid theoretical support for this proposition, demonstrating that transitions along this continuum are effected simply through shifts in the mean population value for the sex-determining threshold, without requiring substantial genotypic innovation. An important implication of this theory is that transitions between XX/XY and ZZ/ZW modes of GSD may retain the same sex chromosome pair, and the same primary sexdetermining gene, in contrast to previous models for heterogametic transitions. A more immediate implication of these findings is that many reptile species believed to have strict TSD (in particular, lizards and crocodilians), may in fact have a sex-determining system of GSD-TSD interaction, where there is an equilibrium between GSD and TSD individuals within the population.

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Halla, Ursula [Verfasser], e Rüdiger [Akademischer Betreuer] Korbel. "Untersuchungen zum Blutparasitenstatus importierter Reptilien : Blood parasites in reptiles imported to Germany / Ursula Halla. Betreuer: Rüdiger Korbel". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1076243320/34.

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Ball, Inna [Verfasser]. "Tracking adenovirus infections in reptiles / Inna Ball". Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1068922222/34.

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Hughes, Sandrine. "Évolution et structure des génomes de reptiles". Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10143.

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Paulo, Octavio Fernando de Sousa Salgueiro Godinho. "The phylogeography of reptiles of the Iberian peninsula". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251650.

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Cheylan, Marc. "Les Reptiles du paléarctique occidental : diversité et conservation". Paris, EPHE, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EPHE3034.

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L'analyse de la répartition géographique des reptiles dans le paléarctique occidental (25 millions de kilomètres soit 17% des terres émergées) permet, premièrement, de dresser un bilan de la biodiversité de ce groupe dans l'aire considérée, deuxièmement, d'évaluer l'importance patrimoniale des espaces et des espèces, troisièmement, d'orienter a partir de critères objectifs les choix en matière de conservation. Des propositions méthodologiques sont faites pour standardiser certaines mesures de biodiversité, notamment la richesse spécifique, l'endémisme et l'importance phylogénétique des taxas. Les hypothèses avancées pour expliquer les gradients de richesse spécifique a l'échelle continentale sont passées en revue et discutées. Les résultats obtenus suggèrent que les mécanismes locaux (écologiques) pourraient être fortement influencés par les mécanismes globaux (biogéographiques)

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Budd, Johnathan. "SEATURTLE: Sustained Engagement Autonomous Tracking of Underwater RepTiLEs". Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:14398555.

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While oceans cover the majority of our planet, these vast expanses remain relatively unexplored. Among the most interesting parts of the ocean are the shallow reef systems, which contain a huge amount of the planet’s biodiversity. The Sustained Engagement Autonomous Tracking of Underwater RepTiLEs or SEATURTLE is a low cost Autonomous Underwater Vehicle designed to carry out missions in these shallow environments. Its small displacement and precise movement make it ideal for navigating tight spaces, and its package of sensors make it easily adaptable to a variety of missions. For this project the vehicle was configured to autonomously track tagged objects underwater, using image recognition and the April Tags system.

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Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Reptiles"

Mccarthy, Colin. Reptile (Reptiles). S.l: Dorling Kindersley, 2004.

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Moravec, Jiří. Plazi: Reptilia = Reptiles. Praha: Academia, 2015.

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1954-, Townson S., Lawrence Keith e British Herpetological Society, a cura di. Reptiles. London: British Herpetological Society, 1985.

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Underwood, Gary. Reptiles. New York: Gareth Stevens Pub., 2010.

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Underwood, Gary. Reptiles. New York: Gareth Stevens Pub., 2010.

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Armstrong, Beverly. Reptiles. Santa Barbara, Calif: Learning Works, 1994.

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Creagh, Carson. Reptiles. St. Leonards, NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin, 1996.

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woodrng, zack. reptiles. platte city: none, 2017.

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Press, Parrhesia, a cura di. Reptiles. New York: Parrhasian Press, 1996.

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ill, Stuart Walter 1955, a cura di. Reptiles. San Diego, Calif: Wildlife Education, 1989.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Reptiles"

Hedley, Joanna, Robert Johnson e James Yeates. "Reptiles (Reptilia )". In Companion Animal Care and Welfare, 371–94. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119333708.ch18.

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Giraudo, Alejandro R., Vanesa Arzamendia e Soledad M. López. "Reptiles". In The Middle Paraná River, 341–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70624-3_14.

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Achille, Gabriele. "Reptiles". In Snakes of Italy, 9–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14106-0_2.

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ten Donkelaar, H. J. "Reptiles". In The Central Nervous System of Vertebrates, 1315–524. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18262-4_20.

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Ulinski, Philip S. "Reptiles". In Comparative Neuroscience and Neurobiology, 117–20. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6776-3_47.

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Chelazzi, G. "Reptiles". In Animal Homing, 235–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1588-9_6.

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Andrews, Kimberly M., Tom A. Langen e Richard P. J. H. Struijk. "Reptiles". In Handbook of Road Ecology, 271–80. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118568170.ch32.

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White, Thomas C. R. "Reptiles". In The Inadequate Environment, 233–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78299-2_9.

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Chastain, C. B. "Reptiles". In Concise Textbook of Small Animal Handling, 185–209. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003110927-7.

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Harlow, Peter. "Reptiles". In Care and Handling of Australian Native Animals, 41–52. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/rzsnsw.1990.004.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Reptiles"

Schaal, Ellen K., e Chris A. Toivonen. "BODY SIZE TRENDS IN MESOZOIC MARINE REPTILES". In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-287661.

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Lafourcade, Mathieu, Alain Joubert e Nathalie Le Brun. "If mice were reptiles, then reptiles could be mammals or How to detect errors in the JeuxDeMots lexical network?" In RANLP 2017 - Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing Meet Deep Learning. Incoma Ltd. Shoumen, Bulgaria, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_056.

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French, Fiona, Leah Williams, John Charles Coe, Lewis Single, Eduardo Fernandez e Christopher Flynn Martin. "ReptileJam 2021: Designing Enrichment for Reptiles in Captivity". In ACI'21: Eight International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3493842.3493883.

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Ma, Huichen, Junjie Zhou, Lijun Meng, Jianghao Jiang e Sanxi Ma. "Legless Squamate Reptiles Inspired Design: Simple Soft Crawling Actuator". In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robio55434.2022.10011788.

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Крюков, Владимир Иванович. "MICRONUCLEI AND NUCLEAR ANOMALIES IN THE ERYTHROCYTES OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES". In Перспективные научные исследования: актуальные вопросы, достижения и инновации: сборник статей международной научной конференции (СанктПетербург, Январь 2023). Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58351/230110.2023.91.54.003.

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В результате спонтанного или индуцированного мутагенеза в эритроцитах периферической крови амфибий и рептилий могут возникать микроядра и морфологические аномалии ядер. Их анализ положен в основу метода исследований, названного микроядерным тестом. Использование этого теста связано с проблемой коректной морфологической дифференциации микроядер и ядерных аномалий. В данной статье рассмотрены методические вопросы типирования микроядер и ядерных аномалий ядер. В соотвествии с алгоритмом анализа ввыделены два типа микроядер: изолированные (обособленные) от клеточного ядра и примыкающие к ядру. Аномалии ядер разделены на 17 морфологических типов. Часть из них разделена на подтипы. Для каждого морфологического типа и подтипа приведены основные характеристики. Рассмотрены актуальные направления исследований частот микроядер и ядерных аномалий в эритроцитах периферической крови амфибий и рептилий. Micronuclei and nuclear morphological abnormalities can occur in the peripheral blood erythrocytes of amphibians and reptiles by a spontaneous or induced mutagenesis. The analysis of these anomalies is the basis of a research method called the micronucleus test. The use of this test is associated with problems of correct morphological differentiation of micronuclei and nuclear anomalies. This article discusses the methodological aspects of typing micronuclei and nuclear anomalies. In accordance with the analytical algorithm, two types of micronuclei are distinguished: those isolated from the cell nucleus and those adjacent to the nucleus. Nuclear anomalies are divided into 17 morphological types. Some of them are divided into subtypes. The main characteristics are given for each morphological type and subtype of anomalies. Actual problems of research on micronuclei and nuclear anomalies in amphibian and reptile erythrocytes are described in the final part of the article.

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Stocker, Michelle R. "THE TRIASSIC RISE OF REPTILES AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE PHYTOSAURIA". In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-304008.

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Krivosheev, Vladimir A. "AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF AQUATIC AND NEAR-WATER LANDSCAPES OF THE ULYANOVSK REGION". In Treshnikov readings – 2021 Modern geographical global picture and technology of geographic education. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-08-2-2021-38-40.

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Vejzović, Anel, Faruk Tandir, Nedžad Hadžiomerović, Rizah Avdić e Nejra Dučić. "Exotic Animals’ Vascular System Characteristics and its Application in Clinical Practice". In Socratic lectures 10. University of Lubljana Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55295/psl.2024.ii5.

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Abstract: Veterinary practice commonly involves caring for domestic and companion animal. Since the trend of owning exotic pets is rapidly increasing, veterinarians often treat exotic patients as well. As a result, veterinarians are facing increased demands for specialized skills and knowledge. This article aims to provide a concise review of the anatomy of the vascular system in exotic animals and its relevance in clinical practice. Snakes, lizards and chelonians have 3-chambered heart with 2 atria and one partially divided ventricle whereas crocodiles have 4-chambered heart. It is important to consider these characteristics during the anesthesia in reptiles since blood shunting affects changes in blood pressure, oxygen level and other anesthetic parameters. In birds, the cardiovascular system is crucial in enduring the exhausting physical activities such as swimming, flying or diving and running. Birds have renal portal system which consists of cranial and caudal renal portal vein. The recommendation of avoiding drug application in the hindlimbs of birds is present for a long time. This is valid not only for birds, but for reptiles, amphibians and most fish. The ventricle of amphibians is trabeculated, which minimizes blood shunting through various anatomical and physiological features. During biphasic systole, the left and right side of the ventricle contract separately, directing blood in different parts of aortic arches. Due to the complexity of the exotic animals, thorough education added in veterinary curricula is needed. Keywords: amphibians, birds, cardiovascular, clinical, reptiles

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Darroch, Simon, Michelle Casey, Danielle Fraser e Krister Smith. "THE PRESERVATION POTENTIAL OF DIVERSITY GRADIENTS IN MAMMALS, REPTILES, AMPHIBIANS AND BIRDS". In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-380860.

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Lyman, Theophan. "TAPHONOMY OF MARINE REPTILES AND DINOSAURS OF THE UPPER CRETACEOUS MORENO FORMATION, CALIFORNIA". In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-376567.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Reptiles"

Teralene S. Foxx, Timothy K. Haarmann e David C. Keller. Amphibians and Reptiles of Los Alamos County. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), ottobre 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15211.

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Corn, Paul Stephen, e R. Bruce Bury. Sampling methods for terrestrial amphibians and reptiles. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-256.

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Garavito Mendoza, Lina María, e N. Naranjo Robayo. Reptiles de los Cerros Orientales de Bogotá. Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, novembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18359/litgris.7039.

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Los reptiles, animales de “sangre fría” o ectotermos, están cubiertos de escamas y tal vez son uno de los animales que causa más curiosidad entre las personas cuando tienen la posibilidad de verlos, una curiosidad que por nuestra historia cultural y por el escaso conocimiento a disposición del público, ha derivado en miles de mitos y leyendas que lastimosamente termina costándole la vida a estos inofensivos animales. Entre bosques, potreros, casas, jardines de Bogotá D.C. y sus alrededores se puede encontrar seis especies de reptiles únicos en el mundo. Dos de ellas son serpientes, la serpiente de pantano (Liophis bimaculatus), la serpiente sabanera (Atractus crassicaudatus); y cuatro son lagartijas, el “camaleón sabanero” (Anolis heterodermus), las lagartijas de tierra (Anadia bogotensis y Riama striata) y el lagarto collarejo (Stenocercus trachycephalus). Ninguno de estos reptiles representa peligro alguno para los seres humanos. Por el contrario, estos animales, que solo se pueden encontrar en nuestro país, han vivido aquí desde antes que el humano cruzara el estrecho de Bering, por lo que hacen parte del equilibrio natural que tienen nuestros páramos y bosques andinos. Estos reptiles se desplazan entre piedras y ramas para tomar el sol, de esta forma obtienen la energía necesaria para comenzar su día. Entre la maleza se ocultan, al acecho de pequeñas moscas y otros insectos, de los cuales se alimentan, también cavan túneles finos bajo tierra, los cuales nos ayudan a mantener las raíces de nuestros cultivos sanas y oxigenadas. Estos servicios gratuitos son apenas una muestra de los servicios ecosistémicos que nos brindan las lagartijas y serpientes de Bogotá, esto evidencia lo mucho que necesitamos estar en equilibrio con el mundo natural. Por ello es importante crear y mantener en buen estado los ambientes urbanos verdes, así nuestra fauna nativa puede encontrar los refugios necesarios para vivir. Y en estos ambientes podemos observar, aprender y admirar nuestra biodiversidad. La cual lleva mucho tiempo adaptándose al ambiente bogotano, y de ellos, es preciso de quienes debemos aprender para afrontar problemáticas ambientales actuales y futuras. Dado el historial de colonización que ha vivido La Sabana de Bogotá, tal vez nunca sepamos cuál era la herpetofauna (especies de reptiles y anfibios) original que habitaba en los Cerros Orientales. Hoy sabemos lo que nos queda, sabemos que son especies únicas o endémicas de Colombia, que se encuentran en distintos grados de amenaza (peligro de extinción), en su mayoría debido a la acelerada expansión urbana, la cual cambia las condiciones bioclimáticas dentro de las cuales estos reptiles han vivído durante muchos años. Además junto con la ciudad llegan nuevos depredadores introducidos, como ratas y gatos, quienes diesman las poblaciones de fauna endémica de forma crítica. Por lo cual, somos afortunados de tener la oportunidad aún de conocerlos y conservar los sitios claves para que puedan seguir ejerciendo sus servicios ecosistémicos por mucho tiempo más. Existen muchos relatos y mitos que rodean a los reptiles, los cuales nacieron como arte de supervivencia de nuestros ancestros, pero gracias a la curiosidad nata de los seres humanos, base de los avances científicos, hoy en día podemos descartar varios mitos respecto a su peligrosidad, que aún persisten en el imaginativo colectivo. Los reptiles de Bogotá no son especies venenosas, no pican con la cola, tampoco se meten en la nariz de las personas, ni se pegan a la piel o chupan leche de las vacas. Por ello, el conocimiento es la mejor herramienta que tenemos como humanidad para poder superar el miedo a lo que no conocemos bien. Por tal razón, se realizó esta cartilla, una herramienta que sirve para poder identificar las distintas especies de reptiles bogotanos. Finalmente, los invito a aprender sobre la mayor riqueza que poseemos, nuestras especies nativas y sus distintas interacciones con la naturaleza que nos rodea.

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Sperry, Jinelle H. Reptiles and Amphibians of Fairchild Air Force Base, WA. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, maggio 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada582968.

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Bazhenov, YU A. REPTILES OF THE ZABAIKALSKY REGION: STUDY AND PROTECTION ISSUES. Ljournal, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/2020-3108-7784-59812.

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Korbin, John. X-ray CT Scans - New Mexico Reptiles - Set 1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1813910.

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Russell, D. A. Jurassic marine reptiles from Cape Grassy, Melville Island, Arctic Canada. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/194022.

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Carvajal-Cogollo, Juan, J. Nicolas Urbina-Cardona e undefined. DIVERSIDAD Y COMPOSICIÓN DE REPTILES EN FRAGMENTOS DE BOSQUE SECO, COLOMBIA. The Nature Conservancy, dicembre 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3411/col.12030219.

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Muckenhirn, A., e B. Hanshew. Arroyo Mocho Habitat Suitability Assessment for Sensitive Reptiles, Amphibians, and Fish. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), settembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1820024.

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Szaro, Robert C., Kieth E. Severson e David R. Patton. Management of amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals in North America: Proceedings of the symposium. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rm-gtr-166.

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