Tesi: "Renal recovery"

1

Pereira, Mariana Batista. "Prognóstico em longo prazo dos sobreviventes a um episódio de lesão renal aguda". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5148/tde-27112012-103952/.

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Introdução: Estudos recentes mostram que pacientes com lesão renal aguda apresentam maior mortalidade em longo prazo e evoluem mais para doença renal crônica do que pacientes com controles sem lesão renal aguda. Os fatores associados à pior evolução desses pacientes são controversos e suas causas de óbito desconhecidas. Objetivos: Avaliar a sobrevida e as causas de óbito após a alta hospitalar de pacientes com lesão renal aguda. Analisar a recuperação da função renal na alta hospitalar e a sua evolução em longo prazo. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes internados em 2005 e 2006 com lesão renal aguda e que tiveram lata hospitalar livres de diálise. Foram analisadas as suas características clínicas e laboratoriais, e verificadas a mortandade e a evolução da função renal até 31 de maio de 2008. As causas de óbito foram pesquisadas no \"Programa de Aprimoramento das Informações de Mortalidade\" da cidade de São Paulo e comparadas com a população geral da mesma faixa etária. A curva de sobrevida dos pacientes com lesão renal aguda foi comparada com a da população de São Paulo. A evolução da filtração glomerular durante o primeiro ano após a alta hospitalar foi avaliada considerando-se os valores da creatina sérica encontradas em medidas ambulatoriais. Resultados: Foram incluídos 507 pacientes que foram seguidos por um tempo mediano de 21 meses. Ao final do estudo 38% haviam morrido. As principais causas de óbito foram doenças do aparelho circulatório e neoplasias, achado semelhante ao da população de São Paulo. A causa de óbito se relacionou com a presença de comorbidades existentes antes da lesão renal aguda. A sobrevida dos pacientes foi pior do que a da população de São Paulo e os fatores associados à sua pior sobrevida foram a presença de hepatopatia, índice de Khan de alto risco, internação em serviço clínico e novo episódio de lesão renal aguda na mesma internação. Na alta hospitalar, 50% dos pacientes apresentavam recuperação completa da função renal, 36% recuperação parcial e 14% não tinham recuperado a função renal. Os fatores associados com a recuperação completa da função renal foram: menor gravidade na lesão renal aguda, presença de provável doença renal crônica e necessidade de ventilação mecânica. O estudo da evolução da função renal se restringiu a 278 pacientes. Estes mostraram dois tipos de comportamento: aqueles com recuperação completa da função renal apresentavam, na alta hospitalar, um filtração glomerular maior do que a referência, e estes valores foram se aproximando ao longo do primeiro ano após a alta. Já aqueles com recuperação parcial e os que não recuperaram a função renal evoluíram com melhora da filtração glomerular durante o primeiro ano, porém sem atingir os valores de referência. Conclusões: Os pacientes que apresentam lesão renal aguda mantêm uma alta mortalidade após a alta hospitalar que está relacionada à presença de comorbidades anteriores à internação. Somente metade dos pacientes apresenta recuperação completa da função renal na alta hospitalar, e a recuperação está associada à menor gravidade da lesão renal aguda. A ausência de informação sobre a função renal após a alta hospitalar ocorreu em 25% dos pacientes. No primeiro ano após a alta hospitalar a filtração glomerular tende a se aproximar dos valores de referência, porém sem atingi-los.
Introduction: Recent studies show that the patients who suffered an acute kidney injury episode have increased long-term mortality and develop more chronic kidney disease than those without acute kidney injury. Factors associated with this poor outcome are controversial, and causes of death of these patients are unknown. Objectives: To evaluate survival and causes of death after hospital discharge of patients with acute kidney injury. To analyze the recovery of renal function at hospital discharge its long-term outcome. Methods: A retrospective study of patients hospitalized in 2005 and 2006 with acute kidney injury who were discharged free of dialysis. We analyzed their clinical and laboratorial features, and checked the mortality and evolution of their renal function until May, 2008. Causes of death were investigated in the \"Programa de Aprimoramento das Informações de Mortalidade\" of São Paulo City and compared with general population of similar age. The survival curve of patients who suffered an acute kidney injury episode was compared with the survival curve of São Paulo population. The evolution of glomerular filtration rate during the first year after hospital discharge was assessed by considering the values of serum creatinine measurements found in outpatients. Results: We included 507 patients who were followed for a median of 21 months. At the end of the study 38% of them had died. The main causes of death were circulatory diseases and neoplasms; a finding similar to São Paulo population. The causes of death were related to the presence of comorbidities before the acute kidney injury. The survival curve of these patients was worse than those of São Paulo population; the factors associated with poor survival were presence of chronic liver failure, Khan index of high risk, admission in medical ward and a new episode of acute kidney injury during the same hospitalization. At hospital discharge, 50% of patients had complete renal recovery, 36% partial renal recovery and 14% had not recovered renal function. The factors associated with complete recovery of renal function were less severe acute kidney injury, presence of presumed chronic kidney disease and need for mechanical ventilation. The study of the evolution of renal function was restricted to 278 patients. These patients showed two types of evolution: those with complete renal recovery were discharged with a glomerular filtration rate greater than the reference, and these values were approached during the first year after discharge. Patients with partial renal recovery and those who did recover renal function at hospital discharge had an improvement in glomerular filtration rate during the first year, without reaching the reference value. Conclusion: Patients with acute kidney injury remain a high mortality after hospital discharge which is related to the presence of comorbidities before hospitalization. Only half of patients had complete renal recovery at hospital discharge, and recovery is associated with reduced severity of acute kidney injury. The lack of information on renal function after discharge occurred in 25% of the included patients. During the first year after hospital discharge the glomerular filtration rate tends to approach to reference values but without reach them.

2

Kidher, Emaddin. "The relationship between aortic stiffness, health related quality of life and post-operative organs recovery (cardiac, renal and cognitive) following aortic valve replacement". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/33126.

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Background: Aortic stiffness as measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a predictor of cardiovascular disease and other outcomes in different diseased and healthy populations, independent of traditional risk factors. The relationships between PWV measurement, global functional outcome and injury to the brain, kidney, and heart have never been examined in cardiac surgery patients. Objective: The objective of this project was to assess the relationship between aortic stiffness and health related quality of life (QoL), cognitive function, acute kidney injury (AKI), and cardiac function in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR). Methods: Aortic PWV, QoL, cognitive function, left ventricular (LV) function and NYHA class were assessed pre- and post-operatively (409 ± 159 days). The brain injury biomarker, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibody (NR2Ab), was measured pre-operatively only. The biomarker of myocardial strain, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and the novel AKI biomarker, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), were measured pre-operatively, and at 3 h and 18-24 h post-CPB. Results: Fifty-six patients (16 females; mean age, 71 ± 8.4 years) were included in this study, of which 50 (89%) patients attended the follow-up visit. No relationship was found between the degree of aortic stenosis (AS) and PWV, and AVR had no effect on aortic stiffness post-operatively. QoL and NYHA class significantly improved, while cognitive function did not deteriorate after AVR. High PWV is independently related to poorer QoL, cognitive function levels and NYHA class both pre- and post-operatively. PWV was not related to LV function, BNP or NGAL levels, but it was independently related to the level of NR2Ab. PWV did not correlate with AKI which was developed in 30% of the cases. Early post-operative plasma level of NGAL is the earliest predictive marker of post-operative AKI and the need for early medical renal intervention. Pre-operative BNP level was significantly and negatively correlated with pre-operative LV function, AS (valve area), and NYHA class in the post-operative follow-up period. Conclusion: In AVR patients, PWV is independently related to global functional status, cognitive function and brain injury biomarkers, but is not related to AKI or myocardial strain.

3

Júnior, Climério Pereira do Nascimento. "Perfil funcional do auto-enxerto de tecido paratireóideo em pacientes submetidos à paratireoidectomia total por hiperparatireoidismo secundário à doença renal crônica". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5132/tde-11012012-093946/.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A paratireoidectomia total com auto-enxerto imediato heterotópico (PTH+AE) é uma das técnicas cirúrgicas hoje usadas no tratamento do hiperparatireoidismo secundário à doença renal crônica e do hiperparatireoidismo persistente após o transplante renal. Os níveis adequados de paratormônio sistêmico (PTHs) no pós-operatório ainda são controversos e o perfil funcional do auto-enxerto de tecido paratireóideo, pouco esclarecido. No presente estudo, nós analisamos a função do tecido paratireóideo implantado pacientes com hiperparatireoidismo secundário e terciário. MÉTODO E CASUÍSTICA: Em um estudo prospectivo observacional, 19 pacientes portadores de doença renal crônica (PDRC) e quatro pacientes transplantados renais (PTR) foram submetidos à PTX+AE com e seguidos por um ano. Todos os pacientes apresentaram PTHs indetectável no pós-operatório imediato (POi). Os níveis séricos de PTH em ambos os membros superiores, cálcio, fósforo, fosfatase alcalina e reposição de cálcio elementar e calcitriol foram verificados com um mês, dois, três, quatro, seis, nove e 12 meses após a cirurgia. A 25-Hidroxivitamina D (25OHD) foi medida no POi, seis e 12 meses após a cirurgia. A função do auto-enxerto foi classificada em estados funcionais (EF) de acordo com os níveis de PTHs. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos PDRC e PTR mostraram níveis detectáveis de PTHs já no primeiro mês. No segundo mês pósoperatório, todos os pacientes apresentaram níveis detectáveis de PTHs quando também houve estabilização dos níveis séricos em ambos os grupos. Os gradientes de concentração de PTH não mostraram correlação com o PTHs. No pós-operatório, a hipercalcemia foi observada em 73,7% dos PDRC em pelo menos um episódio, reduzindo ou inibindo a secreção de paratormônio em oito pacientes. Não houve melhora dos níveis de 25OHD em ambos os grupos, permanecendo com níveis insuficientes. Oito PDRC regrediram de EF ao final do estudo. CONCLUSÃO: O perfil funcional do AE é semelhante entre os PDRC e PTR. A função do AE, inicia-se no primeiro mês pós-operatório, atingindo um maior EF até o quarto mês pós-operatório na maioria dos pacientes, porém pode haver declínio da função ao longo do tempo
BACKGROUND: Total parathyroidectomy with immediate forearm transplantation (PTX+AT) is employed in renal hyperparathyroidism. Appropriate postoperative systemic parathyroid hormone (sPTH) levels are still controversial and autograft functional behavior is unclear. In the present study, we analyzed the function of autotransplanted parathyroid tissue in secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism. METHODS: In a prospective observational study, 19 dialysis patients (DPs) and 4 kidney transplant patients (KTPs) who underwent PTX+AT were followed. All patients had undetectable PTH in the early postoperative period (ePO). Autograft function and the following biochemical variables were assessed at one, two, three, four, six, nine and 12 months following the operation: serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and intact PTH before and after the operation. 25-Hidroxyvitamin D levels (25OHD) were measured in the ePO, six and twelve months. Oral doses of calcium and calcitriol were recorded. Autograft function was stratified into four functional status (FS) according to sPTH. RESULTS: All functioning grafts presented sPTH until the second month. On the second postoperative month, all patients had sPTH detectable levels also when serum levels were steady in both groups. PTH gradients showed no significant correlation with sPTH levels. In at least one occasion in the postoperative period, hypercalcemia was observed in 73.7% of DPs, and it reduced or inhibited PTH secretion in 8 patients. There was no improvement in levels of 25OHD in both groups, resulting in insufficient levels. Eight DPs changed to a lower FS at the end of the study. CONCLUSION: The function of the autotransplanted parathyroid tissue usually initiates during the first month following operation and is similar in patients. The most of the patients reachs FS2 during the fourth month but autograft function can decrease over time

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Sandri, Ana Maria. "Farmacocinetica da polimixina B intravenosa em pacientes em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/88427.

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Foi realizado um estudo de farmacocinética da polimixina B em pacientes críticos com desenvolvimento de um modelo populacional. Os critérios de inclusão foram pacientes internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos e em uso de polimixina B intravenosa por um período mínimo de 48 horas. Amostras de sangue, urina e dialisato foram coletadas durante um intervalo de doses no estado de equilíbrio. A concentração de polimixina B no plasma foi medida por meio de cromatografia líquida de alta performance associada à espectrometria de massas acoplada à espectrometria de massas, sua ligação às proteínas plasmáticas foi determinada por meio de diálise de equilíbrio rápido e a fração livre foi calculada. Foram realizadas análise farmacocinética populacional e Simulações de Monte Carlo. Foram incluídos 24 pacientes, dos quais dois estavam em hemodiálise contínua; 54,2% eram do sexo masculino e as medianas da idade, do escore APACHE e do peso corporal total foram de 61,5 anos, 21,5 e 62,5kg, respectivamente. As doses de polimixina B, conforme prescrição do médico assistente, variaram entre 0,45-3,38mg/kg/dia. O clearance estimado da creatinina nos 22 pacientes sem hemodiálise variou entre 10-143mL/min. A mediana da fração livre plasmática da polimixina B foi de 0,42 e a média (± desvio padrão) da fração livre da área sob a curva ao longo de um dia (fAUC0-24h) da polimixina B foi de 29,2±12,0mg•h/L, incluindo os pacientes em hemodiálise. A polimixina B foi excretada predominantemente por vias não renais e as medianas de sua recuperação urinária de forma inalterada foi de 4,04% e do seu clearance renal foi de 0,061L/hora. Nos pacientes 1 e 2 em hemodiálise foram identificados, respectivamente, clearance corporal total de 0,043 e 0,027L/h/kg, clearance da hemodiálise de 0,0052 e 0,0015L/h/kg; no dialisato foram recuperados 12,2% e 5,62% da dose como polimixina B não modificada. O clearance corporal total da polimixina B não mostrou nenhuma relação com o clearance da creatinina, escore APACHE II ou idade. A disposição da polimixina B no tempo foi adequadamente descrita pelo modelo de dois compartimentos com eliminação linear. O modelo farmacocinético populacional proporcionou ajustes excelentes para os perfis observados de concentração-tempo para pacientes individuais e as concentrações individuais e populacionais ajustadas foram precisas. O ajuste dos clearances e dos volumes de distribuição para o peso corporal total reduziu a variabilidade intersujeitos em 3,4% para o clearance e 41,7% para o volume de distribuição central; nos pacientes em diálise, após esse ajuste, os parâmetros estimados se assemelharam aos dos demais pacientes. As Simulações de Monte Carlo foram feitas com seis diferentes regimes de doses clinicamente relevantes escalonados pelo peso corporal total. O regime de doses de 1,5mg/kg 12/12h forneceu uma AUC0-24h de polimixina B no dia 4 de 90.4mg•hora/L para 50% dos pacientes, adequada para erradicação bacteriana em infecções graves por Pseudomonas aeruginosa ou Acinetobacter baumannii com concentração inibitória mínima para a polimixina B ≤2mg/L. Nas Simulações de Monte Carlo também foi possível identificar que uma melhor área sob a curva só foi atingida no dia 4 de tratamento. Este estudo mostrou que a dose de polimixina B intravenosa deve ser ajustada ao peso corporal total, que o melhor regime de doses é o de 1,5mg/kg 12/12h precedido de dose de ataque de 2,5mg/kg e que não há indicação de ajuste para a função renal, mesmo em pacientes em hemodiálise contínua.
A polymyxin B pharmacokinetics study in critically ill patients was conducted with the development of a population modeling. The inclusion criteria were patients from Intensive Care Unit, aged ≥18 years who received intravenous polymyxin B for ≥ 48 hours. Blood, urine and dialysate samples were collected over a dosing interval at steady state. Polymyxin B concentrations was measured by liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry, its plasma protein binding was determined by rapid equilibrium dialysis and unbound fraction was calculated. Population pharmacokinetic analysis and Monte Carlo Simulations were conducted. Twenty four patients were enrolled, two of whom on continuous hemodialysis; 54.2% were male; the median of age, APACHE II score and total body weight were 61.5years, 21.5 and 62.5kg, respectively. The physician-selected dose of polymyxin B was 0.45- 3.38mg/kg/day. The creatinine clearance of the 22 patients without hemodialysis ranged from 10 to 143mL/min. The median unbound fraction in plasma of polymyxin B was 0.42 and the mean (± standard deviation) of the area under the curve over a day for unbound (fAUC0-24h) polymyxin B was 29.2±12.0mg•hour/L, including hemodialysis patients. Polymyxin B was predominantly nonrenally cleared with median unchanged urinary recovered of 4.04%; the median renal clearance was 0.061L/hour. Patients 1 and 2 in hemodialysis presented, respectively, total body clearance of 0.043 and 0.027L/h/kg, hemodialysis clearance of 0.0052 and 0.0015L/h/kg; 12.2% and 5.62% of the polymyxin dose were recovered intact in the dialysate. Polymyxin B total body clearance did not show any relationship with creatinine clearance, APACHE II score, or age. The time course of polymyxin B concentrations was well described by a 2-compartment disposition model with linear elimination. The population pharmacokinetics model provided excellent fits to the observed concentration-time profiles for individual patients and the individual-fitted and population-fitted concentrations were adequately precise. Linear scaling of clearances and volumes of distribution by total body weight reduced the between subject variability in 3.4% for clearance and 41.7% for the central volume of distribution; after this scaling, the estimated parameters in hemodialysis patients were within the range of estimates from the other patients. The population mean of the total body clearance of polymyxin B when scaled by total body weight (0.0276L/hour/kg) showed remarkably low interindividual variability. The Monte Carlo Simulations were performed for six different clinically relevant dosage regimens scaled by total body weight. The regimen of 1.5mg/kg/12 hours provided an AUC0- 24h of polymyxin B of 90.4 mg•h/L in day 4 for 50% of patients which is appropriate considering severe infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Acinetobacter baumannii with minimal inhibitory concentration for polymyxin B ≤2mg/L. In Monte Carlo Simulations we also identified that the best area under the curve was attained only in the day 4 of the treatment. This study showed that doses of intravenous polymyxin B are best scaled by total body weight, that the best regimen of doses is 3mg/kg/day with a loading dose of 2.5mg/kg and that its dosage selection should not be based on renal function, even in patients in continuous hemodialysis.

5

Chaïbi, Khalil. "Récupération rénale après un épisode d’insuffisance rénale aigüe sévère en réanimation : approche épidémiologique, physiopathologique et clinique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS737.pdf.

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L'insuffisance rénale aiguë (IRA) sévère représente un enjeu médical crucial en réanimation en raison de sa fréquence et de sa morbimortalité élevée. Malgré les progrès en techniques d'épuration extrarénale (EER) et en soins intensifs, la prise en charge des patients atteints d'IRA demeure complexe. Dans ce contexte, l'identification des signes de récupération rénale et la compréhension des mécanismes sous-jacents sont cruciales pour améliorer les perspectives cliniques des patients atteints de cette affection. Ce travail est divisé en trois volets, chacun centré sur un aspect et une temporalité spécifique de la récupération rénale. La première partie visait à évaluer l'utilité d'un panel de biomarqueurs urinaires et plasmatiques (CCL14, KIM1, DPP3, PenKid, Nicotinamide, M2PY et MNM) pour prédire la nécessité d'initier une séance d'EER en réanimation dans les 72 heures suivant l'apparition d'une IRA sévère. Il s'agit d'une étude ancillaire de l'étude AKIKI 2, pour laquelle une biobanque de prélèvements sanguins et urinaires était disponible. Nous avons établi un critère de jugement principal objectif et reproductible, fondé sur des données récentes de la littérature, considérant la nécessité comme liée aux critères suivants : oligo-anurie de plus de 72 heures, urée supérieure à 40 mmol/L et conditions mettant en jeu le pronostic vital immédiat (œdème aigu du poumon réfractaire aux diurétiques, acidose métabolique profonde et hyperkaliémie menaçante). Nous n’avons pas été en mesure de démontrer une utilité de ce panel dans ce contexte, quelle que soit la sous-population de patients, ses performances étant inférieures ou égales à celles de marqueurs couramment dosés comme la créatininémie. La deuxième partie s'est concentrée sur la prédiction du succès du sevrage de l'EER. Nous avons fusionné les cohortes AKIKI et AKIKI 2 (patients ayant connu un épisode d'IRA sévère en réanimation) et sélectionné les patients traités selon une stratégie dite d'attente (critères précédemment définis et qui tendent à faire consensus) pour qui un sevrage de l'EER a été tenté. Un échec a été défini comme une nouvelle session d'EER ou un décès dans les sept jours suivant la tentative. L'analyse multivariée a identifié le choc septique à l'admission, la diurèse et les catécholamines le premier jour de la tentative, ainsi que la durée de l'EER comme facteurs prédictifs du succès. À partir de ces résultats, nous avons élaboré un score, l'UNDERSCORE (UNplugging a Dialysis catheter in the context of an Endgame RRT process), pour aider le clinicien à envisager le sevrage de l'EER. Ce score sera validé prospectivement dans le cadre de l'étude ICRAKI à venir, centrée sur les modalités d'EER en réanimation. Enfin, la dernière partie a consisté en un suivi prospectif des patients inclus dans l'étude AKIKI afin d'évaluer la survie, la fonction rénale et la qualité de vie à long terme d'une population ayant fait un épisode d'IRA sévère en réanimation. La médiane de suivi a été de 3,35 années après l'épisode. Dans cette population grevée d'une forte mortalité à 60 jours, il a été observé chez 20% des survivants une dégradation de la fonction rénale à 4 ans
Severe Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) represents a critical medical challenge in intensive care units (ICU) due to its frequency and high morbidity and mortality. Despite advancements in Renal Replacement Therayp (RRT) techniques and intensive care, the management of patients with AKI remains complex. In this context, identifying signs of renal recovery and understanding the underlying mechanisms are crucial for improving the clinical outcomes of patients suffering from this condition. This work is divided into three sections, each focusing on a specific aspect and timeframe of renal recovery. The first section aimed to evaluate the utility of a panel of urinary and plasma biomarkers (CCL14, KIM1, DPP3, PenKid, Nicotinamide, M2PY, and MNM) to predict the need to initiate RRT in ICU within 72 hours following the onset of severe AKI. This is an ancillary study of the AKIKI 2 study, for which a biobank of blood and urine samples was available. We established a primary objective and reproducible endpoint based on recent literature, considering the necessity as one of the following criteria: oligo-anuria for more than 72 hours, urea levels above 40 mmol/L, and conditions that are immediately life-threatening (acute pulmonary edema unresponsive to diuretics, profound metabolic acidosis, and life-threatening hyperkalemia). This panel did not prove to be useful in this context, regardless of the patient subpopulation, with performances equal to or less than commonly measured markers like creatinine levels. The second section focused on predicting successful weaning from RRT. We merged the AKIKI and AKIKI 2 cohorts (patients who experienced an episode of severe AKI in ICU) and selected patients treated with a "standard deleyed" strategy (previously defined criteria that are starting to gain consensus) for whom weaning from RRT was attempted. Failure was defined as a new RRT session or death within seven days following the attempt. Multivariate analysis identified septic shock upon admission, urine output and catecholamine levels on the first day of the attempt, as well as the duration of RRT, as predictive factors of success. Based on these findings, we developed a score, the UNDERSCORE (UNplugging a Dialysis catheter in the context of an Endgame RRT process), to assist clinicians in considering weaning from RRT. This score will be prospectively validated in the context of the upcoming ICRAKI study, focusing on RRT modalities in ICU. Finally, the last section consisted in a prospective follow-up of patients included in the AKIKI study to evaluate the long-term survival, renal function, and quality of life in a population that experienced an episode of severe AKI in ICU. The median follow-up was 3.35 years after the episode. In this population burdened by high mortality at D60, a decline in renal function was observed in 20% of survivors at 4 years

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Tian, Qing. "Real-time specularity detection and recovery". Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117221.

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Specularity is a very common phenomenon in the real world and confounds many computer vision tasks such as stereo. The first purpose of this thesis is to design a real-time algorithm of specularity detection. After that, with the knowledge of where the specularities are, a stereo correspondence approach robust to specularity is proposed. Finally, a specularity recovery method is presented to recover the underlying diffuse color using the stereo correspondence information. For real-time specularity detection, a new concept of unnormalized Wiener entropy (UW Entropy) is first proposed in this thesis, which has the desirably simple final form and requires no information about the lighting condition, surface structure, imaging process, pre-segmentation, polarization state, and so forth. However, like other specularity detection methods based on color alone, some false positives may be detected. To distinguish between genuine specularities and false positives, a Support Vector Machine is learned in the proposed SpecLBP space as well as three other spaces as comparisons. An alternative version is also presented for the beam-splitter based stereo pairs in the 3D movie industry, where the curse of side-effect of the beamsplitter is turned into a blessing for identifying problematic specularities. After the genuine specularities are spotted, a new specularity-invariant stereo correspondence method is proposed. By constructing an UW Entropy based matching energy and minimizing it in the MAP-MRF framework using graph cuts, a disparity map robust to specularities can be gained, which offers a precious piece of information for specularity recovery in the ending part of this thesis. Experiment results show our methodology's efficacy in real-time specularity detection, specularity-invariant stereo correspondence, as well as specularity recovery and demonstrate our methodolodgy's great potential for the 3D movie industry. By comparing the performance of the proposed SpecLBP code and three other LBP variants, the SpecLBP code's better performance justifies our claim that the best texture code is task specific, not the one that captures the most information.
La réflexion spéculaire est un phénomène fréquemment observé dans la nature. Et pourtant, ce type de réflexion pose encore problème à plusieurs algorithmes de vision artificielle telle que l'interprétation de l'imagerie stéréoscopique. Cette thèse a pour premier objectif de concevoir un algorithme temps réel capable de détecter les réflexions spéculaires. Par la suite, connaissant l'endroit où apparait ce phénomène dans l'image, une approche pour la correspondance stéréoscopique robuste aux réflexions spéculaires est proposée. Et enfin, une méthode de récupération de la couleur diffuse sous-jacente aux réflexions est présentée, en tirant profit de l'information acquise par la correspondance stéréo. Pour effectuer la détection des réflexions spéculaires en temps réel, un nouveau concept d'entropie de Weiner non normalisée (entropie UW) est d'abord proposé par cette thèse. L'entropie UW est caractérisée par une formulation analytique simple qui ne requière aucune information supplémentaire sur les conditions d'éclairage, la structure de la surface, la prise d'image, l'état de polarisation de la lumière, aucune présegmentation et ainsi de suite. Cependant, comme d'autres méthodes de détection des réflexions spéculaires basées seulement sur la couleur, de faux positifs peuvent être obtenus. Pour faire la distinction entre les réflexions spéculaires véritables et les faux positifs, un séparateur à vaste marge (SVM) est entrainé dans l'espace « SpecLBP » proposé, et également dans trois autres espaces de la littérature, à titre de comparaison. Une adaptation du système est également présentée pour traiter les paires d'images stéréo obtenues à l'aide d'un miroir semi-argenté, tel qu'utilisé dans l'industrie du film 3D, où les effets indésirables du miroir deviennent plutôt d'une aide précieuse pour localiser les réflexions problématiques. Pour faire suite à la détection des réflexions authentiques, une nouvelle méthode de correspondance stéréo robuste aux réflexions est proposée. En formulant l'entropie UW sous forme d'énergie, et en minimisant cette énergie dans le cadre d'un PAM-MRF (résolu en utilisant des coupes de graphes), une carte de disparité stéréoscopique robuste aux réflexions peut être acquise. Cette évaluation de la disparité en présence des réflexions est une information précieuse pour la récupération de la couleur qui est présentée dans la dernière partie de cette thèse.Les résultats expérimentaux obtenus démontrent l'efficacité des méthodes proposées pour la détection des réflexions spéculaires en temps réel, pour la correspondance stéréo en présence de réflexions, ainsi que pour la récupération de la couleur sous-jacente aux réflexions. Les expérimentations permettent également de démontrer le potentiel de cette méthode pour l'industrie du cinéma 3D. En comparant la performance de la représentation « SpecLBP » proposée et les trois autres variantes de LBP, la performance supérieure du code « SpecLBP » valide notre hypothèse selon laquelle une représentation de la texture est meilleure, lorsqu'adaptée à une tâche spécifique, et non lorsqu'elle capture un maximum d'informations.

7

Leifsson, Egir örn. "Recovery in Distributed Real-Time Database Systems". Thesis, University of Skövde, Department of Computer Science, 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-395.

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Recovery is a fundamental service in database systems. In this work, we present a new mechanism for diskless real-time recovery in fully replicated distributed real-time database systems. Traditionally, recovery has relied on disk-resident redundant data. Unfortunately, disks cannot always be used in real-time systems since these systems are sometimes used in environments which do not allow the use of disks. Also, minimizing the amount of hardware can save money, especially in mass-produced products. Instead of loading the database from disk, our recovery mechanism enables a restarted node to retrieve a copy of the database from an arbitrary remote node. The recovery mechanism does not violate timeliness during normal processing and, during recovery, all nodes except for the recovering node can guarantee the timeliness of critical transactions. The mechanism uses fuzzy checkpointing to copy the database to the recovering node. Fuzzy checkpointing has been chosen since it copies the database without regard to concurrency control and, thus, does not increase data contention in the database. We conclude that the suggested recovery mechanism is a feasible option for fully replicated distributed real-time database systems.

8

Partridge, William J. "Real time image enhancement during underwater recovery operations". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26200.

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9

Franklin, Jesse C. "Forecasting the Inland Empire's Economic Recovery". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/42.

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The Inland Empire -Riverside and San Bernardino Counties - was one of the hardest hit areas in all of the United States during the Great Recession. Home prices have declined over 50%, significantly more than the 25% decline in the surrounding Los Angeles County, and housing starts have declined to over 90% from 2005. The Inland Empire has one of the highest unemployment rates in the US at 14.8%. This paper attempts to forecast the recovery for the Inland Empire. Employing univariate forecasts along with VAR(12) forecasts, focusing on housing starts and unemployment rates as the underlying variables, we find that there is little hope for a recovery over the next 3 years. The model predicts unemployment to either rise even more or, at best, remain stagnant. Housing starts are predicted to remain constant over the next three years.

10

Gustavsson, Sanny. "On recovery and consistency preservation in distributed real-time database systems". Thesis, University of Skövde, Department of Computer Science, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-492.

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In this dissertation, we consider the problem of recovering a crashed node in a distributed database. We especially focus on real-time recovery in eventually consistent databases, where the consistency of replicated data is traded off for increased predictability, availability and performance. To achieve this focus, we consider consistency preservation techniques as well as recovery mechanisms.

Our approach is to perform a thorough literature survey of these two fields. The literature survey considers not only recovery in real-time, distributed, eventually consistent databases, but also related techniques, such as recovery in main-memory resident or immediately consistent databases. We also examine different techniques for consistency preservation.

Based on this literature survey, we present a taxonomy and state-of-the-art report on recovery mechanisms and consistency preservation techniques. We contrast different recovery mechanisms, and highlight properties and aspects of these that make them more or less suitable for use in an eventually consistent database. We also identify unexplored areas and uninvestigated problems within the fields of database recovery and consistency preservation. We find that research on real-time recovery in distributed databases is lacking, and we also propose further investigation of how the choice of consistency preservation technique affects (or should affect) the design of a recovery mechanism for the system.

11

Cordea, Marius Daniel. "Real time 3D head pose recovery for model-based video coding". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0015/MQ48145.pdf.

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12

Hughes, Christopher F. "Commercial mortgage backed securities : can they survive the real estate recovery?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67429.

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13

Scaife, Bradley J. "DOPPLER SHIFTED SPREAD SPECTRUM CARRIER RECOVERY USING REAL-TIME DSP TECHNIQUES". International Foundation for Telemetering, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607365.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1998 / Town & Country Resort Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California
In any satellite communication, the Doppler shift associated with the satellite’s position and velocity must be calculated in order to determine the carrier frequency. If the satellite state vector is unknown then some estimate must be formed of the Doppler-shifted carrier frequency. One elementary technique is to examine the signal spectrum and base the estimate on the dominant spectral component. If, however, the carrier is spread (as in most satellite communications) this technique may fail unless the chip rate-to-data rate ratio (processing gain) associated with the carrier is small. In this case, there may be enough spectral energy to allow peak detection against a noise background. In this paper, we present a method to estimate the frequency (without knowledge of the Doppler shift) of a spread-spectrum carrier assuming a small processing gain and binary-phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation. Our method relies on a simple, averaged discrete Fourier transform along with peak detection. We provide simulation results indicating the accuracy of this method. In addition, we will describe an all-digital hardware design based around a Motorola DSP56303 and high-speed A/D which implements this technique in real-time. The hardware design is to be used in NMSU’s implementation of NASA’s demand assignment, multiple access (DAMA) service.

14

Dudley, J. W. O. "Forward in-situ combustion : Real-time mass and energy balances, reaction kinetics and control". Thesis, University of Bath, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380609.

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Enhanced oil recovery by dry forward in-situ combustion has been studied in a combustion tube. Twelve experiments are reported exploring the effects of three factors: oxygen flow, partial pressure and mole fraction, each factor at two levels. The pressures used went up to 790 kPa, and the oxygen mole fraction to 35%. It was discovered that the oxygen partial pressure had no statistically significant effect. The oil recovery was independent of the factors used. The combustion time was dominated by the oxygen flow, as were the reaction rates, while fuel and oxygen consumption depended mainly on the oxygen mole fraction. Increasing the oxygen mole fraction reduced the consumption figures. The reaction stoichiometry was substantially independent of the three factors. It was also found that the total pressure had no statistically significant effect on oil recovery, combustion time, reaction rates, fuel consumption or stoichiometry. The oil produced by the in-situ combustion process tended to be of lower viscosity and density than the original oil. Oil-water emulsions were produced which could not be broken. The experiments were controlled by a computer, and the PID control algorithms and associated equipment proved succesful. Linked in with the control routines was a model of the process to calculate fluid saturations and flows during the course of the experiment. Measured information was used directly in the mass and energy balances. The resultant fluid saturations supplied a reasonable match with experimental oil saturations from two experiments that were stopped early. The computed liquid production histories also matched up well with the experimental results. The oil saturations from the numerical model were used in developing a robust method for calculating reaction constants from the experimental data. A simplified surface-reaction scheme was used involv~ng low-temperature oxidation and fuel burnoff to explain the effects of flow, pressure and oxygen mole fraction on the process.

15

Cordea, Marius Daniel. "Real time three-dimensional head pose recovery for model-based video coding". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/8860.

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This thesis presents an Interactive Facial Animation Testbed (IFAT) for a low bit-rate videophone system based on a face (head) model. The effects of head motion and facial expressions are combined in the 3D head model. The head "pose" (p&barbelow;osition, o&barbelow;rientation, and s&barbelow;cale e&barbelow;stimation) has to be accurately recovered before attempting to recover the face expressions. For the specification of the facial expressions we adopted the "muscle-based" facial model parameterization. This topology independent system incorporates 16 muscles and 10 parameters controlling mouth opening, jaw rotation, eye movement, eyelid opening, and head orientation. Two algorithms were developed for automatic head pose recovery: 2½D pose recovery of the 3D position and 2D orientation using a 2D elliptical head model, and 3D pose recovery of the 3D position and 3D orientation using a 3D wireframe head model. The developed global motion tracking system is meant to work in a realistic videoconferencing environment with no makeup highlighting the speaker's facial features, uncalibrated camera, unknown lighting conditions and unknown scene background. In order to validate the accuracy of the 3D head tracking system, we developed a rapid calibration technique using a sequence of images of a synthetic "standard" 3D head in lieu of real life head.

16

Quantock, David E. "The real-time roll-back and recovery of transactions in database systems". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27234.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
A modern database transaction may involve a long series of updates, deletions, and insertions of data and a complex mix of these primary database operations. Due to its length and complexity, the transaction requires back-up and recovery procedures. The back-up procedure allows the user to either commit or abort a lengthy and complex transaction without comprising the integrity of the data. The recovery procedure allows the system to maintain the data integrity during the execution of a transaction, should the transaction be interrupted by the system. With both the back-up and recovery procedures, the modern database system will be able to provide consistent data throughout the life-span of a database without ever corrupting either its data values or its data types. However, the implementation of back-up and recovery procedures in a database system is a difficult and involved effort since it effects the base as well as meta data of the database. Further, it effects the state of the database system. This thesis is mainly focused on the design trade-offs and issues of implementing an effective and efficient mechanism for back-up and recovery in the multimodel, multilingual, and multi backend database system. Keywords: Data base management systems. (KR)

17

Shen, Su 1973. "Integrated real-time disruption recovery strategies : a model for rail transit systems". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9127.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-126).
Rail transit systems are subject to frequent disruptions caused by a variety of random disturbances, signal problems and door problems, for example. Such disruptions usually last for 10 to 20 minutes, which degrades the level of service significantly. To improve service reliability, transit agencies employ various real time control strategies, such as holding, expressing and short turning, to deal with these disruptions. The effectiveness of these control strategies relies upon the bird's-eye-view of the whole system. Unfortunately, it is difficult for human dispatchers to assess the situation and make good decisions in real time, even with the aid of advanced information technologies such as automatic vehicle location systems. This thesis focuses upon the development of a real-time disruption control model for rail transit systems during disruptions. A deterministic model to representing the rail transit system is first introduced. In the model, the passenger flow rates and running time between stations are constant but station-specific. Assuming that the disruption duration is known, a formulation is developed that makes use of real time vehicle location information and considers holding, expressing and short turning strategies to reduce the impact of the disruption. The objective is to minimize the sum of total platform waiting time and weighted in-vehicle delay. The original formulation is transformed into a linear mixed integer problem, which can be solved by any linear optimizer. The formulation is applied to a disruption scenario on a simplified system based on the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority Red Line. The sensitivity of different control strategies to the disruption duration assumption is investigated. The results showed that holding strategies combined with short turning strategies can reduce the weighted waiting time (the sum of platform waiting time and weighted in vehicle delay) by about 10-60%, compared with not applying any control strategies. Expressing only provided modest additional benefits. For the deterministic disruption duration assumption, sensitivity analysis showed that holding and expressing strategies are fairly robust, but the effectiveness of short turning strategies is quite sensitive to the accuracy of the disruption duration estimate. Most problem instances of the formulation can be solved in real-time with the proposed branching sequence used in the branch-and bound algorithm to solve this mixed integer problem.
by Su Shen.
S.M.

18

Bekker, Scott Henry. "Continuous real-time recovery of optical spectral features distorted by fast-chirped readout". Thesis, Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/bekker/BekkerS0506.pdf.

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19

Rother, Carsten. "Multi-View Reconstruction and Camera Recovery using a Real or Virtual Reference Plane". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Numerical Analysis and Computer Science, NADA, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3463.

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Reconstructing a 3-dimensional scene from a set of2-dimensional images is a fundamental problem in computervision. A system capable of performing this task can be used inmany applications in robotics, architecture, archaeology,biometrics, human computer interaction and the movie andentertainment industry.

Most existing reconstruction approaches exploit one sourceof information to tackle the problem. This is the motion of thecamera, the 2D images are taken from different viewpoints. Weexploit an additional information source, the reference plane,which makes it possible to reconstruct difficult scenes whereother methods fail. A real scene plane may serve as thereference plane. Furthermore, there are many alternativetechniques to obtain virtual reference planes. For instance,orthogonal directions in the scene provide a virtual referenceplane, the plane at infinity, or images taken with a parallelprojection camera. A collection of known and novel referenceplane scenarios is presented in this thesis.

The main contribution of the thesis is a novel multi-viewreconstruction approach using a reference plane. The techniqueis applicable to three different feature types, points, linesand planes. The novelty of our approach is that all cameras andall features (off the reference plane) are reconstructedsimultaneously from a single linear system of imagemeasurements. It is based on the novel observation that camerasand features have a linear relationship if a reference plane isknown. In the absence of a reference plane, this relationshipis non-linear. Thus many previousmethods must reconstructfeatures and cameras sequentially. Another class of methods,popular in the literature, is factorization, but, in contrastto our approach, this has the serious practical drawback thatall features are required to be visible in all views. Extensiveexperiments show that our approach is superior to allpreviously suggested reference plane and non-reference planemethods for difficult reference plane scenarios.

Furthermore, the thesis studies scenes which do not have aunique reconstruction, so-called critical configurations. It isproven that in the presence of a reference plane the set ofcritical configurations is small.

Finally, the thesis introduces a complete, automaticmulti-view reconstruction system based on the reference planeapproach. The input data is a set of images and the output a 3Dpoint reconstruction together with the correspondingcameras.

20

Kippenberger, Roger Miles. "On Real Time Digital Phase Locked Loop Implementation with Application to Timing Recovery". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1146.

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In digital communication systems symbol timing recovery is of fundamental importance. The accuracy in estimation of symbol timing has a direct effect on received data error rates. The primary objective of this thesis is to implement a practical Digital Phase Locked Loop capable of accurate synchronisation of symbols suffering channel corruption typical of modern mobile communications. This thesis describes an all-software implementation of a Digital Phase Locked in a real-time system. A timing error detection (TED) algorithms optimally implemented into a Digital Signal Processor. A real-time transmitter and receiver system is implemented in order to measure performance when the received signal is corrupted by both Additive White Gaussian Noise and Flat Fading. The Timing Error Detection algorithm implemented is a discrete time maximum likelihood one known as FFML1, developed at Canterbury University. FFML1 along with other components of the Digital Phase Locked loop are implemented entirely in software, using Motorola 56321 assembly language.

21

Tsoka, Sophia. "Real-time monitoring for the enhancement of virus-like particle recovery from yeast". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338765.

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22

Capitanu, Calin. "Fault Detection, Isolation and Recovery : Analysis of two scheduling algorithms". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300128.

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Unmanned, as well as manned space missions have seen a high failure rate in the early era of space technology. However, this decreased a lot since technology advanced and engineers learnt from previous experiences and improved critical real time systems with fault detection mechanisms. Fault detection, isolation and recovery, nowadays, is generally available in every flying device. However, the cost of hardware can bottleneck the process of creating such a system that is both robust and responsive. This thesis analyses the possibility of implementing a fault detection, isolation and recovery system inside of a single-threaded, cooperative scheduling operating system. The thesis suggests a cooperative implementation of such a system, where every task is responsible for parts of the fault detection. The analysis is done from both the integration layer, across the operating system and its tasks, as well as from the inside of the detection system, where two key components are implemented and analyzed: debug telemetry and operation modes. Results show that it is possible to implement a fault detection system that is spread across all the components of the satellite and acts cooperatively. Furthermore, the comparison with a traditional, dedicated fault detection system proves that errors can be caught faster with a cooperative mechanism.
Obemannade såväl som bemannade rymduppdrag har sett ett högt misslyckande i rymdteknikens tidiga era. Detta har dock förbättrats mycket sedan ingenjörer började lära sig av sina tidigare erfarenheter och utrustade kritiska realtidssystem med feldetekteringsmekanismer. Idag är alla flygande enheter utrustade med feldetekterings-, isolerings- och återställningsmekanismer. Däremot kan kostnaden för hårdvara vara ett problem för processen att skapa ett sådant system som är både robust och mottagligt. Denna uppsats analyserar möjligheten att implementera ett feldetekterings-, isolerings- och återställningssystem inuti ett enkelgängat samarbetsplaneringssystem. Denna uppsats föreslår ett samarbete för implementering av ett sådant system, där varje uppgift ansvarar för delar av feldetekteringen. Analysen görs från både integrationsskiktet, över operativsystemet och dess uppgifter, samt från insidan av detekteringssystemet, där två nyckelkomponenter implementeras och analyseras. Resultaten visar att det är möjligt att implementera ett feldetekteringssystem som täcker alla satellitkomponenter och som är mottaglig. Dessutom visar jämförelsen med ett traditionellt, dedikerat feldetekteringssystem att fel kan fångas snabbare med en mottagligmekanism.
Misiunile spat,iale cu oameni, atât cât s, i fara oameni, au avut o rata a es, ecurilor destul de ridicata în perioada init,iala a erei tehnologiei spat,iale. În schimb, aceasta a scazut semnificativ odata cu dezvoltarea tehnologiei, dar s, i datorita faptului ca inginerii au învat,at din experient,ele precendente s, i au îmbunatat, it sistemele critice în timp real cu mecanisme de detect,ie a erorilor. Sisteme de detect,ie, izolare s, i recuperare din erori sunt disponibile astazi în aproape toate sistemele spat,iale. Însa, costul echipamentelor poate împiedica crearea unor astfel de sisteme de detect,ie, care sa fie robuste s, i responsive. Aceasta teza analizeaza posibilitatea implementarii unui sistem de detect,ie, izolare s, i recuperare de la erori într-un satelit care este echipat cu un procesor cu un singur fir de execut,ie, care are un sistem de planificare cooperativ în sistemul de operare. Aceasta teza sugereaza o implementare cooperativa a unui astfel de sistem, unde fiecare proces este responsabil de câte o parte din detectarea erorilor. Analiza este realizata atât din perspectiva integrarii în sistemul de operare s, i procesele acestuia, cât s, i din interiorul acestui sistem de detect,ie, unde doua elemente importante sunt implementate s, i analizate: telemetria de depanare s, i modurile de operare. Rezultatele arata faptul ca este posibila implementarea unui sistem de detect,ie care este împart, it în toate componentele sistemului unui satelit s, i se comporta cooperativ. Mai departe, comparat,ia cu un sistem tradit,ional, dedicat, de detect,ie a erorilor arata ca erorile pot fi detectate mai rapid cu un sistem cooperativ.

23

Sun, Xing Nobel Andrew B. "Significance and recovery of blocks structures in binary and real-valued matrices with noise". Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1424.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Apr. 25, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Statistics and Operations Research Statistics." Discipline: Statistics and Operations Research; Department/School: Statistics and Operations Research.

24

Bali, Amol Bhagwan. "Design and real-time process optimisation of steam assisted gravity drainage for improved heavy oil recovery". Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/2107.

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“Introduction to the Canadian Oil Sands”, “Canada’s Oil Sand Industry: An Overview”, “Heavy Oil Technologies”, and so many other topics about heavy oil have become the hotcakes in the oil industry. A number of new projects are in Execute phase for the development of heavy oil assets. This clearly shows the increasing demand for heavy oil. An oil industry is working hard to meet the world oil demand by developing deep water, HPHT, heavy oil, shale sands and all other non-conventional reservoirs but the main challenge is to develop and operate them in a risk free environment. Understanding the reservoir and fluid properties and developing new technologies help the industry to reduce the risk in developing non-conventional fields. A major problem in heavy oil field is to understand the behaviour of heavy oil. The viscous oil flows sluggishly in the formations and hence it is difficult to transport through unconsolidated formations and is very difficult to produce by conventional methods. Viscous oil recovery entails neatly designed enhanced oil recovery processes like Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage and the success of such technologies are critically dependent on accurate knowledge of reservoir, well and fluid properties of oil under variety of pressure and temperature conditions. This research project has provided some solutions to the challenges in heavy oil field development and can help the oil industry to optimise heavy oil production. Detailed experimental understanding of PVT properties has allowed this project to contribute to the knowledge. Reservoir, well and fluid properties were studied thoroughly and demonstrated the criticality of each parameter on the efficiency of Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage. An user friendly SAGD simulator is a big output of this research which allows the user to optimise the heavy oil recovery and enables to do risk assessments quickly during design phase of SAGD. A SAGD simulator is developed.

25

Mahmoud, Herman Abdulqadir Mahmoud. "Real-time operational response methodology for reducing failure impacts in water distribution systems". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33492.

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Interruption to water services and low water pressure conditions are commonly observed problems in water distribution systems (WDSs). Of particular concern are the unplanned events, such as pipe bursts. The current regulation in the UK requires water utilities to provide reliable water service to consumers resulting in as little as possible interruptions and of as short possible duration. All this pushes water utilities toward developing and using smarter responses to these events, based on advanced tools and solutions. All with the aim to change network management style from reactive to a proactive, and reduce water losses, optimize energy use and provide better services for consumers. This thesis presents a novel methodology for efficient and effective operational, short time response to an unplanned failure event (such as pipe burst) in a WDS. The proposed automated, near real-time operational response methodology consists of isolating the failure event followed by the recovery of the affected system area by restoring the flows and pressures to normal conditions. The isolation is typically achieved by manipulating the relevant on/off valves that are located closely to the event location. The recovery involves selecting an optimal combination of suitable operational network interventions. These are selected from a number of possible options with the aim to reduce the negative impact of the failure over a pre-specified time horizon. The intervention options considered here include isolation valve manipulations, changing the pressure reducing valve’s (PRV) outlet pressure and installation and use of temporary overland bypasses from a nearby hydrant(s) in an adjacent, unaffected part of the network. The optimal mix of interventions is identified by using a multi-objective optimization approach driven by the minimization of the negative impact on the consumers and the minimization of the corresponding number of operational interventions (which acts as a surrogate for operational costs). The negative impact of a failure event was quantified here as a volume of water undelivered to consumers and was estimated by using a newly developed pressure-driven model (PDM) based hydraulic solver. The PDM based hydraulic solver was validated on a number of benchmark and real-life networks under different flow conditions. The results obtained clearly demonstrate its advantages when compared to a number of existing methods. The key advantages include the simplicity of its implementation and the ability to predict network pressures and flows in a consistently accurate, numerically stable and computationally efficient manner under both pressure-deficient and normal-flow conditions and in both steady-state and extended period simulations. The new real-time operational response methodology was applied to a real world water distribution network of D-Town. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in identifying the Pareto optimal network type intervention strategies that could be ultimately presented to the control room operator for making a suitable decision in near real-time.

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Byrne, Kevin Michael. "Real-time modeling of cross-body flow for torpedo tube recovery of the Phoenix Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV)". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/8888.

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A virtual world provides an exceptional resource for the testing and development of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV). The difficulties associated with the underwater environment are numerous and complex. In order to properly verify vehicle results in the laboratory such a world must accurately model the physics associated with the vehicle, its submerged hydrodynamics characteristics, and interactions with the environment. Environmental effects such as wave motion, currents, and flow forces created by bodies moving through the water can cause unpredicted performance variations and failures in the ocean environment. The current Phoenix AUV virtual world includes steady state ocean currents, but does not take into account the environmental effects of waves and flow forces induced by adjacent vehicles (such as a moving submarine docking target). This work provides a thorough real time simulation of these complex factors using physically based models. The problem is broken down into wave motion effects, submarine induced flow fields, and virtual sensors to improve AUV motion control. Simulated testing is performed across a range of easy to worst case scenarios in order to justify assumptions. Extensive testing using virtual sensors is used to develop adequate control algorithms in the presence of turbulent cross body flow. The result of this research is an enhanced virtual world which more accurately depicts the ocean environment, along with the models and control algorithms required to design and operate an AUV during submarine launch and recovery. A platform independent approach to virtual environment simulation is presented through the use of the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) and Java. Finally, simulation test results provide strong evidence that AUV control with actual cross body flow sensors can enable stable navigation, first through a turbulent flow field and then for subsequent docking with a moving submarine

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Carvalho, Francisco de Assis. "Entre a palavra e o chão: memória toponímica da Estrada Real". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-14032013-101812/.

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Esta pesquisa procurou descrever e explicar a permanência, a variação e a mudança dos topônimos na região da Estrada Real Os estudos toponímicos, no alcance pluridisciplinar de seu objeto de estudo, constituem um caminho possível para o conhecimento da cosmovisão das diversas comunidades linguísticas, que ocupam ou ocuparam um determinado espaço. Revelam-se de grande importância para o conhecimento de aspectos histórico-culturais de um povo, pois permitem a identificação de fatos linguísticos, de ideologias e crenças presentes no ato denominativo e, posteriormente, na permanência ou não de uma comunidade. O homem tem a necessidade de nomear o ambiente físico e social que o cerca, sendo esta uma condição sine qua non para a garantia de sua sobrevivência. Por meio da Toponímia, ramo da Onomástica que tem por objeto de estudo o exame da origem e do significado dos nomes dos lugares, pode-se analisar a estreita relação que se estabelece entre o homem e o topos que designa o espaço que o circunscreve. Este trabalho centra-se no estudo da motivação toponímica da Estrada Real tendo por base os relatos dos Viajantes Naturalistas dos séculos XVIII e XIX que passaram por estes caminhos. A pesquisa foi realizada através do mapa elaborado pelo Instituto Estrada Real. O presente trabalho está inserido no ATB Atlas Toponímico do Brasil Diversidade e Variedades Regionais (Dick, 1996). Da análise das fichas toponímicas propostas para cada um desses itens, verifica-se que os topônimos de natureza antropocultural são a maioria e que, dentre esses, predomina a taxe dos antropotopônimos.
For the present work, a description and an explanation of the toponimic maintenance, variation and change within this area was attempted of Royal Road. The toponimic studies, in the multidisciplinary reach of its object of study, constituye a possible way for a cosmovision knowledge of the diverse linguistic communities, which occupy or did in the past a certain area. The toponimic studies are of great relevance to the sociohistorical and cultural aspects of a community since they enable the identification of various linguistic facts, ideologies and beliefs which are present in the naming act later in their maintenance within a community. Human beings occupy space and, as they need to locate themselves geographically in the environment, they had to name the physical-social environment around. This process of name giving is a sine qua non condition that assures mans survival. Though Toponymy, a branch of Onomastics that studies the origin and the meaning of the names of places, it is possible to analyze the close relationship developed between men and topos.This work focuses on the study of motivation toponymic Royal Road based on the reports of Travelers Naturalists of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that have gone through these paths. The survey was conducted across the map prepared by the Instituto Estrada Real. This work is inserted in ATB Atlas Toponymic Brazil Diversity and Variety Regional (Dick, 1996). From the analysis of the toponimic cards proposed one verifies that the toponimy of antropocultural nature are the majority and among them the anthropotoponimy class predominates.

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Hudon, Matis. "Active illumination for high speed image acquisition and recovery of shape and albedo". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S070/document.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est de tirer parti d'une illumination totalement ou partiellement contrôlée pour enrichir l'acquisition vidéo de contenus tel que la reconstruction de la forme et de l'apparence. Aujourd'hui de nombreux travaux ont tenté d'atteindre cet objectif. Certains utilisent une illumination contrôlée et séquentielle pour obtenir des reconstructions de haute qualité de la forme et de la réflectance. En revanche, ces méthodes requièrent des dispositifs coûteuses et/ou ne fonctionnent pas en temps réel. Dans cette thèse, nous visions un système d'acquisition à bas coût, rapide et mobile, qui se veut non-seulement le moins intrusif possible mais aussi simple d'utilisation. La première contribution présentée dans cette thèse est une application de la méthode bien connue, intitulée stéréo photométrie, à la vidéo. De plus, comme une fréquence de trame élevée est nécessaire à une telle application, nous proposons une méthode permettant l'utilisation d'une illumination séquentielle avec des caméras rapides de type "electronic rolling shutter". Malgré les résultats intéressants obtenus, la qualité des reconstructions de l'apparence et de la forme n'étaient pas à la hauteur de nos espérances. De plus, la stéréo photométrie est une méthode qui, de nature, n'est pas très adaptée aux applications visées dans cette thèse. Pour notre seconde contribution, nous proposons une méthode de reconstruction de la forme (géométrie) ainsi que de la réflectance diffuse à partir d'une image (d'une séquence) en utilisant un système de capture hybride composé d'un capteur de profondeur (Kinect), d'une caméra grand public et d'un flash. L'objectif est de montrer qu'en combinant une acquisition RGB-D (image couleur + profondeur) avec illumination séquentielle, on peut obtenir une reconstruction qualitative de la forme et de la réflectance d'une scène dans le cas où l'éclairage n'est pas connu. Un couple d'images est capturé : une image non flashée (image sous une illumination ambiante) et une image flashée. Une image dont l'illumination ne provient que du flash (image flash pure) peut être calculée en soustrayant l'image non flashée de l'image flashée. Nous proposons un nouvel algorithme temps réel, qui, basé sur un modèle local d'illumination de notre flash et de l'image flash pure, améliore l'information de forme fournie par le capteur de profondeur tout en retrouvant les informations de réflectance diffuse. Notre dernière contribution concerne la composition automatique d'éclairage. L'éclairage est un élément clé de la photographie. Les professionnels travaillent régulièrement avec des systèmes d'éclairage complexes afin de capturer directement des images esthétiques. Récemment, certains photographes ont tenté une nouvelle approche : plutôt que photographier une scène directement sous un éclairage complexe, ils capturent la scène sous plusieurs éclairages simples, permettant ainsi un post-traitement permettant combiner les différentes illuminations de la scène. Cette approche apporte une nouvelle dimensionnalité intéressante au post-traitement. Cependant la combinaison des images requiert des compétences en matière de photographie, et l'acquisition sous différentes conditions d'éclairage n'en est pas moins fastidieuse. Nous proposons une méthode totalement automatisée, qui, à partir d'un modèle 3D (forme et albedo) reconstruit à partir de capture d'une scène réelle, produit virtuellement les images correspondant aux différentes conditions d'éclairages. Ensuite, ces images sont combinées automatiquement, à l'aide d'un algorithme génétique, pour correspondre à un style d'éclairage fourni par l'utilisateur sous forme d'une image cible de son choix
The objective of this thesis is to take advantage of controlled illumination to enrich a video acquisition with shape and reflectance reconstructions. Today, a lot of works have tried to meet this objective. Some of them take advantage of sequential controlled illumintation to recover high quality shape and reflectance, however they either require a costly and very cumbersome fixed setup, and/or do not run in real-time. Our aim is a low cost, fast, mobile and simple acquisition setup which has to be the less intrusive possible so as to provide a greater ease of use. The first contribution of this thesis focuses on the application of the well known photometric stereo method to a video acquisition. Moreover, as a high frame rate is required by such an application, a method using sequential illumination with high frame rate cameras (electronic rolling shutter cameras) is also considered. Despite the interesting results provided by photometric stereo, we found that this latter did not provide enough qualitative results. Moreover, by its nature, photometric stereo is not really suitable for the range of applications targeted. We propose, as a second contribution, a method for recovering the shape (geometry) and the diffuse reflectance from an image (or video) using a hybrid setup consisting of a depth sensor (Kinect), a consumer camera and a partially controlled illumination (using a flash). The objective is to show how combining RGB-D acquisition with a sequential illumination is useful for shape and reflectance recovery. A pair of two images are captured : one non flashed (image under ambient illumination) and a flashed one. A pure flash image is computed by subtracting the non flashed image from the flashed image. We propose a novel and near real-time algorithm, based on a local illumination model of our flash and the pure flash image, to enhance geometry (from the noisy depth map) and recover reflectance information. Finally, our last contribution concerns an automatic method for light compositing, using rendered images. Lighting is a key element in photography. Professional photographers often work with complex lighting setups to directly capture an image close to the targeted one. Some photographers reversed this traditional workflow. Indeed, they capture the scene under several lighting conditions, then combine the captured images to get the expected one. Acquiring such a set of images is a tedious task and combining them requires some skill in photography. We propose a fully automatic method, that renders, based on a 3D reconstructed model (shape and albedo), a set of images corresponding to several lighting conditions. The resulting images are combined using a genetic optimization algorithm to match the desired lighting provided by the user as an image

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Spinelli, Jucara. "Mercado imobiliário e reestruturação do espaço urbano em Passo Fundo, RS". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/128037.

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A presente tese consiste em uma análise do mercado imobiliário e da reestruturação do espaço urbano de Passo Fundo, município localizado na porção norte do estado do Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil. Tal análise parte do pressuposto de que diversos agentes atuam na produção do espaço, em especial, os agentes incorporadores (imobiliárias, construtoras e entes financeiros) e o Estado. Outros atores, como representantes políticos, do próprio mercado de imóveis e de grupos sociais, por meio de suas ações e práticas espaciais, contribuem para o fortalecimento do mercado e para a valorização dos imóveis. No jogo de forças e interesses pela valorização do ambiente construído, considera-se que estão envolvidos recursos de diversas fontes. Esses circuitos de capitais, locais e regionais, são oriundos, principalmente, do setor de serviços, do agronegócio regional (produção de grãos – principalmente soja), de alguns ramos comerciais e industriais, além de recursos de financiamentos públicos (incluindo os de programas sociais) e privados. Dado esse contexto, o espaço intraurbano é configurado em relação ao seu ordenamento interno (formalizado pelas normativas urbanísticas e pelas forças do mercado) e em relação ao seu conteúdo social, como uma topografia socioespacial, ou seja, por áreas que denotam diferenciações morfológicas e desigualdades socioeconômicas. Tal topografia foi demarcada na cidade pela identificação e definição das seguintes categorias: 1) setores de baixa renda definidos por programas sociais; 2) zonas especiais de interesse social; 3) setores sem renda ou de baixa renda; 4) setores de alta renda e 5) setores de renda intermediária. Em termos metodológicos, esta pesquisa assim se organiza: inicialmente percorre-se por uma revisão acerca do tema; na sequência, apresenta-se uma caracterização do espaço regional e urbano, a fim de debater sobre a reestruturação econômica, produtiva regional e da cidade; examina-se a evolução das ofertas e dos preços imobiliários (por meio de um banco de dados compilados, extraídos de anúncios de jornal, anos de 1995, 2000, 2005 e 2010 e do mapeamento das áreas, preços e tipologias); verificam-se os papéis dos principais agentes da produção imobiliária, a partir da aplicação, sistematização e análise de questionários e entrevistas; debate-se a questão habitacional de Passo Fundo e as repercussões recentes no mercado imobiliário através de uma análise do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida, na cidade (tipologias e construtoras); e, por fim, estabelece-se um ensaio acerca da topografia socioespacial, fortemente atrelada aos agentes sociais e às normativas urbanísticas denotando espaços de diferença e desigualdade. Os resultados da pesquisa apontaram, também, para uma crescente valorização dos terrenos e uma forte tendência de elevação dos preços das casas e apartamentos. Alguns setores urbanos apresentaram elevação no número de anúncios e de preços ao longo dos anos estudados. A análise dos agentes e circuitos de capitais locais permitiu constatar que a cidade, embora tenha sido contemplada com unidades de habitação de interesse social, é demarcada por grandes diferenciais de tipologias de moradia, pela segregação de estratos sociais e pela forte interação de atores no processo de produção do espaço.
The present thesis consists of an analysis of the housing market and the restructuring of urban space of Passo Fundo, a city located in the northern portion of the state of Rio Grande do Sul / Brazil. This analysis based on the assumption that several agents act in the production of space, in particular developers agents (real estate, construction and financial ones) and the State. Other actors, such as political representatives, of their own real estate market and social groups, through their actions and spatial practices, contribute to the strengthening of the market and the valuation of real estate. In the game of forces and interests by the appreciation of the built environment, it is considered that are entangled resources from various sources. These local and regional circuits of capitals, mainly come from the service sector, the regional agribusiness (grain production - mainly soybeans), of some commercial and industrial sectors, the public funding resources (including social programs) and private. Given this context, the intra-urban space is configured in relation to its internal order (formalized by the town planning regulations and by market forces) and in relation to its social content, as a socio-spatial topography, that is, for areas that express morphological differences and socioeconomic inequalities. Such topography was marked in the city for the identification and definition of the following categories: 1) low-income sectors defined by social programs; 2) special areas of social interest; 3) sectors with no income or low income; 4) high-income sectors; and 5) middleincome sectors. In terms of methodology, this research is organized as it follows: initially it is made a revision of the theme; as a result, it is presented a characterization of regional and urban space, to discuss economic restructuring, regional production and the city; it is examined the evolution of offerings and real estate prices (through a database compiled data taken from newspaper ads, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010 and the mapping of areas, prices and descriptions);it is verified the roles of main agents of real estate production, from the application, systematization and analysis of questionnaires and interviews; it is debated the housing issue in Passo Fundo and recent repercussions in the real estate market through an analysis of Minha Casa Minha Vida Program (My Home My Life-special government program) in the city (typologies and construction); and finally it is established an essay about the socio topography, strongly linked to social workers and the urban normative difference denoting spaces and inequality. The research results pointed also to a growing appreciation of land and a strong trend of rising prices of houses and apartments. Some urban sectors reported an increase in the number of ads and prices over the years studied. Analysis of agents and local capital circuits allowed establishing that, even the city has been awarded with social housing units it is marked by large differential housing typologies, the segregation of social classes and the strong interaction of actors in the process of space production.

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Guerrero, Merino Enrique Eduardo [Verfasser], e Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Kirches. "Real-Time Optimization for Estimation and Control: Application to Waste Heat Recovery for Heavy Duty Trucks / Enrique Eduardo Guerrero Merino ; Betreuer: Christian Kirches". Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1177253747/34.

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Suárez, De La Fuente S. "Reducing shipping carbon emissions under real operative conditions : a study of alternative marine waste heat recovery systems based on the organic rankine cycle". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1502214/.

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The biggest source of energy loss in shipping is found in the propulsion system. This study focuses on analysing, and working with, the concept of heat management for waste heat energy from the exhaust gas and scavenge air. Using waste heat recovery systems (WHRS) to make shipping more efficient represent a good area of opportunity. On board ships, a water-based Rankine cycle (RC) is typically installed; this has the task of providing steam and power. This work explores alternative waste heat technologies to assess the development and suitability, but also to find better solutions to the traditional RC. Different models coupled with advance optimisation processes were created to understand the marine WHRS. The results show that WHRS are sensitive to environmental and operational factors which must be considered at design stage. While water offers the possibility of producing both steam and power; organic Rankine cycles (ORC) produce larger power outputs at temperatures between 90˚C and 230˚C which translate to lower CO2 emissions. Organic WHRS will play an important role in the future as regulations push for tighter emission controls, and waste energy availability for power production reduces due to an increase in prime mover efficiency and waste heat utilisation for other processes (e.g. ballast treatment). The ORC technology can be applied to any kind of vessel type and size, keeping in mind that the ORC benefits depend on the waste heat temperature and availability, the ship's heat requirements and operational profile. It is also then important to bear in mind some of the drawbacks, such as larger mass flow rates and flammability of some of the organic fluids studied which will introduce additional safety equipment and costs.

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Porto, Mônica Cristina Monteiro. "Ação reivindicatória e o Processo Civil Brasileiro". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6228.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:22:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Monica Cristina Monteiro Porto.pdf: 1466773 bytes, checksum: cf63c94cc5133f63f6e72c107e004182 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-10
The purpose of this paper is to revisit the recovery action on real state matters (ação reivindicatória) against the successive amendments to the Code of Civil Procedure of 1973 and the Civil Code of 2002. This subject is current and thorny since it involves property rights, an issue that still causes a lot of controversy. Despite its importance, the recovery action on real state matters, in its legal aspect and not sociological aspect, is a subject rarely addressed by the doctrine, thus justifying a reanalysis of the institute within the context of the current civil procedure. This paper is divided into two parts. In the first part, it addresses the problem of the ownership arising out of the land formation of the country and its large territorial extensions, the property rights, the various types of judicial protection of the property rights, in order to finally approach more thorough the recovery action on real state matters. In the second part, it discusses the civil procedure itself, always highlighting the outcome of the main procedural innovations in the recovery action on real state matters. It was used for the preparation of this paper the study of Brazilian scholars as well as cases of our courts to demonstrate the relevance of the subject and also to corroborate with our positions. This paper sought to focus on the legal issues, leaving the analyses of the social issues that underlie the conflict surrounding the real property less attention, without, however, disregarding them, especially when they are obstacles to the recognition of the right to recover a property that is already recognized by a judgment of the merits in a recovery action. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is a revisitation of the subject in order to systematize it in accordance with the current Code of Civil Procedure, aiming to contribute to greater effectiveness of the institute
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo revisitar a ação reivindicatória face às sucessivas alterações introduzidas no Código de Processo Civil de 1973 e no Código Civil de 2002. O tema é atual e espinhoso, visto que envolve direito de propriedade, tema que ainda gera muita controvérsia. Não obstante sua importância, a ação reivindicatória, em seu aspecto legal e não sociológico, é tema pouco abordado pela doutrina, justificando, assim, uma reanalise do instituto dentro do contexto processual atual. O estudo está dividido em duas partes. Na primeira, aborda os problemas do domínio decorrentes da formação do país e das grandes extensões territoriais, os direitos reais, as várias espécies de tutela jurisdicional dos direitos reais, para, então, abordar de forma mais minuciosa a ação reivindicatória. A segunda parte do estudo, aborda o procedimento, sempre destacando os reflexos das principais inovações processuais na ação reivindicatória. Utilizou-se para a elaboração desse estudo obras de doutrinadores brasileiros, bem como jurisprudência dos nossos tribunais a fim de demonstrar a atualidade do tema e, também, de corroborar as posições defendidas. Buscouse focar o trabalho nas questões legais, deixando de analisar com profundidade as questões sociais que permeiam os conflitos que cercam os direitos reais, sem, contudo, desconsiderá-las, principalmente, quando são óbices à realização do direito de reaver a coisa, já reconhecido por sentença de procedência da ação reivindicatória. O objetivo do presente estudo, portanto, é uma revisitação do tema para sistematizá-lo de acordo com o Código de Processo Civil moderno, visando colaborar para maior efetividade do instituto

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Belshaw, Michael Sweeney. "A high-speed Iterative Closest Point tracker on an FPGA platform". Thesis, Kingston, Ont. : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1322.

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Ragas, Moner A. "Refining a Post-Stroke Pharmacological and Physical Treatment to Reduce Infarct Volume or Improve Functional Recovery, Using Gene Expression Changes in the Peri-Infarct Region to Examine Potential Mechanisms in Male and Female Rats". Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1470395029.

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Bengtsson, Jörgen. "Developmental Aspects of Drug Transport Across the Blood-Brain Barrier". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaceutisk biovetenskap, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-108374.

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The developmental aspect of drug transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was investigated. Microdialysis was used to study unbound morphine BBB transport at different ages in sheep. An in vitro study was performed to find differentially expressed genes in brain capillary-rich fractions of the brain in rats of different ages. Microdialysis and brain-to-plasma ratios were used to study the contribution of breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) to the transport of nitrofurantoin (NTF) across the BBB of rats during development as well as in adult rats and mice. A method of analysing morphine and its metabolites in plasma and microdialysis samples was developed and validated. The in vivo recovery of deuterated morphine, used as a calibrator in microdialysis experiments, was not affected by the presence of morphine in the tissue. A net influx of morphine was observed in premature lambs and adult sheep, in contrast to the efflux seen in other species. This influx decreased with age, indicating that the morphine transport across the BBB changes with age. In contrast, the transport of the morphine metabolite morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) did not change with age. Microarray data indicated that several active transporters are differentially expressed with age. Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of Abcg2 (Bcrp) and Slc22a8 (organic anion transporter 3) changed with age when quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. In contrast, the expression of Abcb1 (P-glycoprotein) and occludin (a tight junction protein) did not change with age. In rats, the brain distribution of NTF decreased with age due to increased protein binding in plasma. The concentration ratio of unbound NTF across the BBB was low in the adult rat, due to intra-brain metabolism and/or efflux by other transporters. Bcrp did not appear to have a significant contribution in the developing rat or in knock-out mice compared to wild-type controls with regard to NTF BBB transport. In conclusion, in vitro studies showed that the expression levels of some genes changed with age, presumably affecting subsequent drug distribution to the brain. Further, in vivo studies showed that distribution across the BBB changed with age for morphine but not for M3G or NTF.

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Aguiar, Carlos Teixeira. "A evolução da gestão de resultados nas empresas cotadas europeias". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15087.

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Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças Empresariais
O objetivo do presente trabalho final de mestrado passa por investigar como tem evoluído a gestão de resultados, através dos accruals discricionários e das operações reais, nas empresas cotadas europeias, durante os períodos de crise (2009-2012) e recuperação (2013-2016). Assim, foi recolhida uma amostra da base de dados Amadeus de Bureau Van Dijk constituída por 652 empresas cotadas de 8 países da União Europeia e de 10 setores de atividade distintos. Como variáveis explicativas e independentes do modelo empírico, para além da variável representativa da crise, foram também incluídas as variáveis dimensão, crescimento, desempenho, endividamento e uma variável dummy que determinasse se a empresa era, ou não, auditada por uma Big Four. Os resultados evidenciam uma tendência decrescente da gestão de resultados por accuals discricionários no período de crise. Contudo, demonstram também que a prática de gestão de resultados é maior no período de crise do que no período de recuperação económica.
The purpose of the present master?s thesis is to investigate how earnings management has evolved, through discretionary accruals and real operations, in European listed companies, during crisis (2009-2012) and recovery (2013-2016) periods. Therefore, it was collected a sample from Amadeus database of Bureau Van Dijk. These data were composed by 652 listed companies from 8 European Union countries and 10 different activity sectors. As explanatory and independent variables of the empirical model, besides the crisis variable, were also included the variables dimension, growth, performance, debt and a dummy variable that determined if the company was, or not, audited by a Big Four. The results show a downward trend in accruals management during the crisis period. However, they also show that earnings management is greater in the crisis period comparing with the period of economic recovery.
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Gilarová, Veronika. "Hodnocení vlivu stavebních úprav a odlišných dispozic bytů na tržní hodnotu nemovitosti". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377505.

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The aim of this dissertation is to find out the effect of alterations on market value of he property, specifically apartments in concrete-block buildings. Evaluation is made chiefly on factors influencing layout. First of all brief information about the subject is given. Secondly market influences are determined for the purpose of eliminating them by differential index and unifying input data. Afterwards, market values of apartments with alternations are compared with ones without alternations from database. At the end of the thesis alternations are calculated and recovery of the costs are detected.

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Ting, Samuel T. "An Efficient Framework for Compressed Sensing Reconstruction of Highly Accelerated Dynamic Cardiac MRI". The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1452164320.

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LEFFLER, OSCAR, e NASSIF MANSOUR. "A Study of Energy Saving Actions in Older Buildings in Sweden". Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-240673.

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Modern energy saving technologies are become increasingly mature, easier to implement and financially profitable. Both the European Union and the Swedish government have directives with goals regarding energy savings for the year 2020 and 2030. Here, making buildings more energy efficient plays a large role as around 40% of the total energy usage in Europe can be related to buildings. Constructing new, nearly zero energy houses is currently very popular, but as a vast majority of all buildings in a country like Sweden are older buildings, built before 1980, a majority of the used energy will come from these buildings. Hence, there is plenty of incentive for carrying out energy saving actions and investments in older buildings. From previous research and interviews with energy consultants, it can be concluded that energy saving actions are not being carried to the extent that is possible. This thesis aims to find out why this is and mainly what the main obstacles are when implementing energy saving solutions in older buildings. A case study, consisting of eight interviews with energy consultants and real estate owners was carried out in order to get an understanding of the current situation and the different stakeholders views on this issue. The results showed that, at least in the represented cases, there is a will among real estate owners for moving forward with energy saving. An understanding has also recently emerged where most real estate owners realize that there are great financial incentives connected to implementing energy saving solutions to current, older buildings. However, increased will of making a change has not yet resulted in a majority of buildings having installed energy saving solutions. One factor for this is that each building is its own individual case and therefore needs to be handled individually due to different conditions and are therefore suitable for different energy saving actions. Other factors include lack of technical and financial understanding among some real estate owners, slow decision making processes and ownership types. The research explores theories related to decision makings to provide a comprehensive overview regarding the current situation of energy saving in Sweden, as well as a contribution to the theoretical literature regarding decision making
Modern teknik inom energibesparing blir allt mer mognare, lättare att implementera och finansiellt lönsamt. Både den europeiska unionen och den svenska regeringen har direktiv med mål för energibesparing för år 2020 och 2030. Här spelar byggnader en viktig roll, då byggnader står för ca 40 % av den totala energianvändningen i Europa. Att bygga nya, nära noll energi byggnader är för närvarande väldigt populärt. Men i ett land som Sverige, där majoriteten av alla byggnader är äldre byggnader, kommer majoriteten av energianvändningen fortfarande från dessa. Därav finns det stora incitament till att genomföra energieffektiviserande åtgärder på äldre byggnader i Sverige. Från tidigare studier och intervjuer med energikonsulter kan det fastslås att energibesparande åtgärder ej genomförs i den grad som det är möjligt. Målet med denna rapport är att utröna varför det är så samt vilka huvudsakliga hinder som kan relateras till energibesparing i äldre byggnader. För att få en överblick av den befintliga situationen samt hur olika intressenter ser på denna fråga genomfördes en fallstudie bestående av åtta intervjuer med energikonsulter och fastighetsägare. Resultaten från studien pekade på att det finns en vilja bland fastighetsägare att gå vidare med energibesparande åtgärder. På senare tid har även en förståelse vuxit fram bland fastighetsägare där man inser att det även finns stora finansiella incitament med att implementera energibesparande åtgärder på äldre byggnader. Detta har dock ännu ej lett till att energibesparande åtgärder genomförts på en majoritet av befintliga byggnader. En anledning till detta är att varje byggnad måste hanteras individuellt då alla har olika förutsättningar och därmed lämpar sig för olika energibesparande lösningar. Andra faktorer inkluderar teknisk och ekonomisk kunskapsbrist bland vissa fastighetsägare, långsamma beslutsprocesser och ägarstrukturer. Studien nyttjar teorier relaterade till beslutsfattning för att ge läsaren en överblick av den befintliga situationen kring energibesparing i Sverige. I tillägg bidrar studien till den teoretiska litteraturen om beslutsfattning.

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Almeida, Ana Rita Sobreiro. "New strategies envisioning functional recovery of the injured kidney". Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/75124.

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Tese de Doutoramento em Engenharia de Tecidos, Medicina Regenerativa e Células Estaminais
Kidney diseases represent a major healthcare burden worldwide. It is estimated that one in ten persons suffer from kidney dysfunction. Indeed, a decline in renal function is considered an independent risk factor for both cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. The problem is only aggravated by treatment alternatives, with dialysis and transplantation being the only currently available renal replacement therapies. Envisioning the functional recovery of the injured kidney, two regenerative resources were explored: porcine-derived kidney decellularized matrices and renal progenitor cells from human origin. For that, the decellularization process was optimized to obtain porcine kidney decellularized tissue. A full characterization of this matrix in terms of morphology, structural integrity, biochemical content, thermal and molecular properties and protein content was performed. Indeed, porcine-derived matrices were validated as an adequate raw material for the production of several decellularized-based substrates. Namely, kidney tissue-derived electrospun membranes were fabricated for the development of a tubular filtration barrier model. Additionally, decellularized tissue was used for the fabrication of a particulate matrix and a bioink, where 3D cultures of isolated renal cells were established envisioning implantation. Indeed, these cells already shown to possess reparative properties when injected into the injured kidney tissue alone, with limited efficacy. They were also used to develop an organoid model of the glomerulus. Overall, renal progenitor cells demonstrated versatility, specific differentiation into renal phenotypes and proliferation capacity when embedded on the matrix substrates. The works developed in this thesis show that decellularized-based biomaterial substrates may have multiple applications, from modeling systems to moldable implantable scaffolds for tissue engineering strategies. These substrates demonstrated physiological kidney tissue characteristics, allowing cultured cells to represent morphological, phenotypic and functional properties of in vivo systems. Ultimately, this thesis allowed for the development of advanced strategies comprising both relevant cells and biomaterial substrates that may have greater implications in the biomedical field as promising solutions to address renal pathologies in its early stages.
As doenças renais representam um grande problema económico-social. Está estimado que uma em cada dez pessoas sofre de disfunção renal. São também consideradas um fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares e para a taxa de mortalidade geral. Este problema é agravado visto que as únicas opções de tratamento atuais são a diálise e transplantação. Visto que o objetivo inicial da tese é a recuperação do rim lesado, foram explorados dois recursos regenerativos: matriz extracelular de rim de porcino decelularizadas e células progenitoras renais de origem humana. O processo de descelularização foi cuidadosamente otimizado com vista a obter matrizes descelularizadas. Posteriormente, foi feita uma caracterização completa da matriz de porcino em termos de morfologia, integridade estrutural, conteúdo bioquímico, propriedades térmicas e moleculares e ainda conteúdo proteico. Estas matrizes foram usadas como base para produção de diversos biomateriais. Foram fabricadas membranas fibrosas por electrofiação para o desenvolvimento de um modelo in vitro da barreira de filtração tubular. A matriz descelularizada foi usada para obter partículas e também uma biotinta, onde foram estabelecidas culturas 3D de células renais isoladas, com o objetivo final de implantação. Estas células demonstraram anteriormente o seu potencial quando injetadas num rim lesado, com limitada eficácia. Nesta tese, as mesmas células foram também usadas para desenvolver um modelo de organoide do glomérulo. As células progenitoras renais demonstraram ter versatilidade, capacidade de diferenciação específica em fenótipos renais e de proliferação quando cultivadas nas matrizes. Os materiais produzidos a partir da matriz decelularizada demonstraram poder ser usados em múltiplas aplicações, desde modelos para estudos in vitro até scaffolds implantáveis para estratégias de engenharia de tecidos. Estes biomateriais demonstraram ter uma variabilidade fisiológica semelhante à do rim, o que permitiu às células cultivadas modelar propriedades dos sistemas in vivo, nomeadamente morfológicas, fenotípicas e funcionais. Por fim, esta tese permitiu o desenvolvimento de estratégias avançadas compostas por células e biomateriais relevantes, que podem ter imensas implicações biomédicas como soluções promissoras para o tratamento de lesões renais em estágios iniciais.
The authors want to acknowledge the financial support obtained by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) on the project FROnTHERA (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000023) and the FCT PhD Grant on the Doctoral Program on Advanced Therapies for Health (PATH) (PD/BD/128102/2016).

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Hu, Ming-Jen, e 胡銘仁. "Real-Time Logging and Failure Recovery". Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45519154521895807800.

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碩士
長榮管理學院
經營管理研究所
90
Real-time are increasingly being used as an integral part of many computer systems. During normal operation, transactions in real-time databases must be executed in such a way that transaction timing and data time validity constraints can be met. Real-time databases must also prepare for possible failures and provide fault tolerance capability. Principles for fault tolerance in real-time databases must take timing requirements into consideration and are distinct from those for conventional databases. We discuss these issues in this thesis and describe a logging and recovery technique that is time-cognizant and is suitable for an important class of real-time database applications. The technique minimizes normal runtime overhead caused by logging and has a predictable impact on transaction timing constraints. Upon a failure, the system can recover critical data to a consistent and temporally valid state within predictable time bounds. The system can then resume its major functioning, while non-critical data is being recovered in the background. As a result, the recovery time is bounded and shortened. In short, we are providing a bounded and predictable logging and recovery technique for critical transactions accessing critical variant and invariant data, while the database may consist of all kinds of data. Our performance evaluation via simulation shows that logging overhead has a small effect on missing transaction deadlines while adding recovery capability. Experiments also show that recovery using our approach is 3 to 6 times faster than traditional recovery.

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廖文財. "Adaptive Recovery Techniques for Real-Time Audio Streams". Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51666722163866109846.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
電機工程學研究所
88
There are a number of packet-loss recovery techniques proposed for streaming audio applications recently. However, there are few works that are able to exploit the tradeoff between the recovery quality and the computational complexity. In this thesis, we develop a recovery method, called DSPWR (Double Sided Pitch Waveform Replication) which is able to tolerate a much higher packet loss rate. In essence, DSPWR is composed of several procedures devised to improve the quality of the reconstructed speech. It is noted that a more sophisticated recovery scheme that can tolerate a higher degree of packet loss in general requires a larger computational cost. In view of this, we evaluate the quality of the reconstructed speech under different packet loss rates for various receiver-based recovery methods, and compare the computational complexity among these methods. Under the acceptable speech quality whose MOS (Mean Opinion Score) is above 3.5, we develop an adaptive mechanism that can select the recovery method with the minimal complexity in accordance with different packet loss rates encountered. To conduct real experiments in the networks, we implement these recovery methods and evaluate the performance of DSPWR devised and the adaptive recovery techniques empirically. As validated by our experimental results, the adaptive mechanism is able to strike a compromise between the computational overhead and the quality of the speech desired. Sensitivity analysis on various parameters is also conducted.

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Lamoureux, Mary Mei Ha. "Recovery from anorexia nervosa : "becoming the real me"". Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12152.

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Over 100,000 females in Canada are estimated to be affected with anorexia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is a serious and persistent mental health disorder that has the highest mortality risk of any other psychiatric illness. Research into recovery from anorexia nervosa has been limited to the medical aspects of the illness with minimal attention to the actual process of recovery. The purpose of this study was to capture the patient's perspective of recovery from anorexia nervosa and to generate a theory that explains the recovery process. This grounded theory study generated a contextually-grounded description of the main theme of recovery from anorexia nervosa, Becoming the Real Me. Through the use of purposive and theoretical sampling, data was collected from nine women in open-ended interviews that were audio-taped. Analysis of these data revealed a five-stage process of recovery that did not occur in a linear step-by-step progression. Rather, the women moved in a back and forth struggle across the stages that required "a lot of hard work" and were often involved in more than one stage at any one time. Recovery, for these women, required becoming the real me, which was characterized by a complex, five-stage process: (1) Catching glimpses of light: Seeing the dangers; (2) Inching out of darkness: Encountering support and learning to trust; (3) Tolerating exposure: Taking control; (4) Gaining perspective in new light: Changing the mind set; and (5) Shedding light on self: Discovering self as "good enough." The theory generated in this study contributes to an understanding of recovery from anorexia nervosa from the women's perspectives. The theory provides a framework for understanding the unique experiences of women recovering from anorexia nervosa and direction for professionals and family members who are involved in supporting women's recovery from this illness. This theory provides a basis for continued research to more fully develop our understanding of the process of recovery from anorexia nervosa.

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Bloch, Gerald. "An error recovery technique for real-time distributed computer systems". Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/20853.

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A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty 0/ Engineering, University 0/ Lite Witwatersrand, Johannesburg in fulfilment 0/ the requirements /01' the Degree 0/ Doctor 0/ Philosophy. Johannesburg 1990.
This thesis studies fault tolerant strategies for real-time distributed computer control systems so as to propose an error recovery technique that renders individual processors on the network resistant to soft failures. The technique is effective for soft failures which have as certain maximum duration, and does not require the use of specialised hardware. Attention is focused on achieving resistance to soft failures in environments which have demanding time constraints such as those found in computer systems for process control, materials handling and automated manufacturing. [Abbreviated Abstract. Open document to view full version]

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Chen, Po-Han, e 陳柏翰. "Traffic Reduction and Path Recovery Algorithms for Real-Time Services". Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08137701586342383852.

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碩士
國立交通大學
電信工程系
90
Nowadays, real-time services play an important part in the Internet. VoIP will become a trend to replace the circuit-switching voice services in PSTN. But end-to-end voice packets transmitting between two IP gateways still have large header overhead, especially we can reduce payload length by new voice compression techniques today. Although there are some header compression and multiplexing schemes, we still can improve them. In the thesis, a novel and evolution way is proposed to run the header compression and multiplexing scheme in a virtual network to overcome the header overhead problem and provide a better path for voice packets. And the mechanism to match in the DiffServ domain is also investigated. Furthermore, for the purpose of fast forwarding the traffic in the Internet, traffic is expected to be transmitted in the MPLS domain. In the thesis, an enhanced algorithm is proposed to deal with the problem that how to solve the path rerouting problem for real-time service. And the final network topology and performance of my algorithm is simulated by MPLS Network Simulator 2. According to the algorithm, the traffic can be fast rerouted to the destination even though the fault is occurred.

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Liao, Chun-Tun, e 廖俊敦. "Bit Clock Recovery For Real Time Spread Spectrum Communication Systems". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55735s.

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碩士
中原大學
電子工程研究所
103
Spread-spectrum communication was first used in military applications, now, in everyday life, everywhere has its applications, such as: 3G mobile phones, wireless local area network (WLAN), Bluetooth, and other widely used spread-spectrum communications. This paper presents a method for the solution to shorten despreading acquisition time which has asynchronous issues from oscillator. For general spread spectrum communication systems, they usually use VCO (Voltage-Controlled Oscillator) to adjust the clock timing of pseudo-noise codes (PN-Code) in the receiver. The method we presented uses only a general oscillator to generate two clocks, one is faster and the other is slower than the transmitted side chip clock, instead to use high cost voltage-controlled oscillator. Our method use DSP to capture pseudo-noise codes (PN-Code) and acquire a block of data from analog to digital converter (ADC), then analyze the data to see whether signal exists or not, if yes then DSP can further despread the signal out.

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何炤委. "Real-Time Vehicle Routing Planning for Decreasing the Recovery Transportation Cost". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90536345946674543320.

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碩士
國立清華大學
工業工程與工程管理學系
93
Nowadays, recovery of the used products is economically more attractive than disposal, and in the recent past the growth of environmental concerns has given ‘reuse’ increasing attention. As a result, reverse logistics has a significant impact on industry. With the growing of industry in recent years, the wasted products and pollution are increasing in Taiwan. But we don’t have enough land and nature resource on this island. The treatment agencies recover the wasted products using the same vehicle to route the fixed path everyday. But they have different amount of few wasted products for recovery everyday, and this is inefficient in terms of the recovery transportation cost. In this research, we focus on the transportation stage of the wasted products recovery. Our investigation reveals that the variable cost is strongly related to the unit fuel cost, which is proportional to the carrying capacity. This study utilizes a Two-Time-Periods algorithm to minimize the total transportation cost, and it includes the clustering stage and routing stage. And then we construct the dynamic recovery VRP model to observe the transportation cost of all vehicles by satisfying service level. With the change of the demand information, the optimal vehicle routings also be changed. We generate input data randomly and analyze the result of experiment. The objective function after update of demand information is changed and it should be re-determined with new demand condition.

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Anantaraman, Aravindh Venkataseshadri. "Reducing frequency in real-time systems via speculation and fall-back recovery". 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04182003-144951/unrestricted/etd.pdf.

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LIN, HSUAN-CHIH, e 林軒至. "A Case Study on a Real-time and Effective Disaster Recovery Site Implementation". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4t736g.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
資訊管理系
107
In order to reduce the impact of disaster accidents on financial institutions for the uninterruptible service, financial institutions need to establish an environment of disaster recovery site with the regulations of the competent authority and the information system security standards. However, establishing an environment of disaster recovery site is often costly and complicated; the rate of hardware device utilization only used when it is backup is very low; and the boot time to switch the disaster recovery site is too long to cope with the needs of enterprise business. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to solve the above problems and explore how to establish an immediate and effective disaster recovery site environment. The study utilizes the case study method and exploits the IDEAL model as an improvement process for establishing a disaster recovery site environment. This study case uses the characteristics of virtualized allocate system resources elastically and share the hardware device with the test environment to improve the utilization of hardware device and reduce the cost of procurement and maintenance. Use the method of automated process to reduce the time to switch the disaster recovery site. The results of this case study can serve as a reference for companies and government agencies which want to construct an immediate and effective disaster recovery site environment.

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Qureshi, Asif. "Fixed- and real-time dairy manure treatment and experiments on digestion and phosphorus recovery". Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/18104.

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A combined approach of biological treatment, solids digestion and nutrient recovery was tested on dairy manure. A total of three different sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were studied. The first one, that employed mechanical mixing, was operated in three modes, in order to optimize nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) removals. The highest average removal efficiencies of 91% for NH₄-N, 59% for P0₄-P and 80% for total COD were achieved. Staining experiments suggested the coexistence of glycogen and phosphorus accumulating organisms. Anaerobic digestion of biosolids wasted from this reactor was able to produce a P0₄-P concentration of 70 mg/L in the supernatant. The second SBR employed gas-mixing, where the contents of the SBR were kept mixed by anoxic recirculation and air circulation in the anoxic and aerobic stages, respectively. The reactor showed interesting results, suggesting a relationship between nitrification and oxidation reduction potential (ORP). Little to no nitrification was observed when low ORP values of about -250 mV to -280 mV were encountered in the aerobic phase. The deterioration and re-establishment of nitrification appeared to be in relation to the ORP values being below or above ORP values, in the order of 0 mV. The third pilot-scale SBR used real-time control strategies for controlling cycle times. It was designed to detect the end of nitrification, which coincides with the disappearance of ammonical-nitrogen (NH₄-N) from the mixed liquor of the reactor. It was found that the reactor gave> 99% NH₄-N treatment efficiency for most of the study period, even when the operating conditions were not steady. The reactor, however, gave high (80-90%) orthophosphate-phosphorus (P0₄-P) removals only when the feed conditions reached a relatively steady state. A pilot scale experiment, designed to recover phosphorus (as struvite, magnesium ammonium phosphate) in the supernatant obtained from acetate treatment ofbiosolids wasted from this SBR, was able to remove 82% of soluble P0₄-P.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate

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