Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Relative continuity"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Relative continuity"
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Lončar, Ivan. "Relative continuity of the functor $\beta$". Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal 37, n. 4 (1987): 517–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/cmj.1987.102179.
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Mimna. "ON LOCAL RELATIVE CONTINUITY". Real Analysis Exchange 20, n. 2 (1994): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/44152565.
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Donald, Matthew J. "Continuity and relative hamiltonians". Communications in Mathematical Physics 136, n. 3 (marzo 1991): 625–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02099078.
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Alblowi, S. A. "Relative Continuity and New Decompositions of Continuity in Bitopological Spaces". International Journal of Modern Nonlinear Theory and Application 03, n. 05 (2014): 248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijmnta.2014.35027.
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Donald, Matthew J., e Michał Horodecki. "Continuity of relative entropy of entanglement". Physics Letters A 264, n. 4 (dicembre 1999): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(99)00813-0.
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Sánchez-Perales, Salvador, e Slaviša V. Djordjević. "Spectral Continuity Relative to Invariant Subspaces". Complex Analysis and Operator Theory 11, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2016): 927–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11785-016-0620-x.
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Audenaert, Koenraad M. R., e Jens Eisert. "Continuity bounds on the quantum relative entropy". Journal of Mathematical Physics 46, n. 10 (ottobre 2005): 102104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2044667.
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López-Permouth, S. R., Kiyoichi Oshiro e Tariq S. Rizvi. "On the relative (quasi-) continuity of modules". Communications in Algebra 26, n. 11 (gennaio 1998): 3497–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00927879808826355.
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Audenaert, Koenraad M. R., e Jens Eisert. "Continuity bounds on the quantum relative entropy — II". Journal of Mathematical Physics 52, n. 11 (novembre 2011): 112201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3657929.
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Ionescu, Ionut. "Secondary data — the Poor Relative of Business Continuity". Network Security 2002, n. 5 (maggio 2002): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1353-4858(02)05012-2.
Testo completoTesi sul tema "Relative continuity"
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Laboureix, Bastien. "Hyperplans arithmétiques : connexité, reconnaissance et transformations". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0040.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Le monde numérique est parsemé de structures mathématiques discrètes, destinées à être facilement manipulables par un ordinateur tout en donnant à notre cerveau l'impression d'être de belles formes réelles continues. Les images numériques peuvent ainsi être vues comme des sous-ensembles de Z^2. En géométrie discrète, nous nous intéressons aux structures de Z^d et cherchons à établir des propriétés géométriques ou topologiques sur ces objets. Si les questions que nous nous posons sont relativement simples en géométrie euclidienne, elles deviennent beaucoup plus difficiles en géométrie discrète : plus de division, adieu les limites, tout n'est plus qu'arithmétique. Cette thèse est également l'occasion de jongler avec de nombreuses notions élémentaires de mathématiques et d'informatique (algèbre linéaire, anneaux, automates, analyse réelle, arithmétique, combinatoire) pour résoudre des questions de géométrie discrète. Nous nous intéressons à des structures fondamentales de cette géométrie : les hyperplans arithmétiques. Ceux-ci ont en effet une définition très simple et purement arithmétique : un hyperplan arithmétique est l'ensemble des points entiers situés entre deux hyperplans (réels) affines parallèles. Nous parlons dans cette thèse de trois problèmes portant sur les hyperplans arithmétiques : - la connexité : un hyperplan arithmétique est-il composé d'un seul morceau ou de plusieurs ? Apport principal de ce manuscrit, nous étendons des résultats déjà connus pour la connexité par faces pour des voisinages quelconques. Si certains phénomènes demeurent dans le cas général, l'explosion combinatoire rend difficile l'adaptation des algorithmes connus pour résoudre le problème. Nous adoptons donc une approche analytique et prouvons des propriétés de connexité en étudiant la régularité d'une fonction. - la reconnaissance : comment connaître les caractéristiques d'un hyperplan arithmétique ? Problème plus classique de géométrie discrète, avec une littérature très riche, nous proposons pour le résoudre un algorithme de reconnaissance reposant sur l'arbre de Stern-Brocot généralisé. Nous introduisons notamment la notion de corde séparante qui caractérise géométriquement les zones auxquelles appartiennent les paramètres d'un hyperplan arithmétique. - les transformations douces : comment transformer continûment un hyperplan arithmétique via des translations ou rotations ? Approche discrète des transformations homotopiques, nous caractérisons les mouvements de pixels possibles dans une structure discrète tout en préservant ses propriétés géométriques. Au-delà de l'étude de ces problèmes et des résultats que nous avons pu obtenir, cette thèse montre l'intérêt d'utiliser des réels, et notamment de l'analyse réelle, pour mieux comprendre les hyperplans arithmétiques. Ces derniers sont en effet caractérisés en grande partie par leur vecteur normal, souvent considéré entier pour obtenir des propriétés de périodicité. Considérer des vecteurs normaux réels quelconques permet de gagner en souplesse, et de faire disparaître les phénomènes de bruit induits par les relations arithmétiques du vecteur. S'ouvrir de nouveau au réel est enfin un moyen de créer des ponts vers d'autres branches des mathématiques, comme la combinatoire des mots ou les systèmes de numérationThe digital world is littered with discrete mathematical structures, designed to be easily manipulated by a computer while giving our brains the impression of beautiful continuous real shapes. Digital images can thus be seen as subsets of Z^2. In discrete geometry, we are interested in the structures of Z^d and seek to establish geometric or topological properties on these objects. While the questions we ask are relatively simple in Euclidean geometry, they become much more difficult in discrete geometry: no more division, goodbye to limits, everything is just arithmetic. This thesis is also an opportunity to juggle many elementary notions of mathematics and computer science (linear algebra, rings, automata, real analysis, arithmetic, combinatorics) to solve discrete geometry questions. We are interested in the fundamental structures of this geometry: arithmetic hyperplanes. These have a very simple and purely arithmetical definition: an arithmetical hyperplane is the set of integer points lying between two parallel (real) affine hyperplanes. In this thesis, we discuss three problems involving arithmetic hyperplanes:- connectedness: is an arithmetic hyperplane composed of a single piece or of several pieces? The main contribution of this manuscript is to extend results already known for facewise connectedness for any neighbourhood. While certain phenomena remain in the general case, the combinatorial explosion makes it difficult to adapt known algorithms to solve the problem. We therefore adopt an analytical approach and prove connectivity properties by studying the regularity of a function. - recognition: how can we find out the characteristics of an arithmetic hyperplane? This is a more traditional problem in discrete geometry, with a very rich literature. To solve it, we propose a recognition algorithm based on the generalised Stern-Brocot tree. In particular, we introduce the notion of separating chord, which geometrically characterises the zones to which the parameters of an arithmetic hyperplane belong. - soft transformations: how can an arithmetic hyperplane be continuously transformed using translations or rotations? A discrete approach to homotopic transformations, we characterise the possible pixel movements in a discrete structure while preserving its geometric properties. Beyond the study of these problems and the results we were able to obtain, this thesis shows the interest of using the reals, and in particular real analysis, to better understand arithmetic hyperplanes. Arithmetic hyperplanes are largely characterised by their normal vector, which is often considered integer to obtain periodicity properties. Considering any real normal vectors provides greater flexibility and eliminates the noise induced by the arithmetic relationships of the vector. Finally, opening up to the real again is a way of building bridges to other branches of mathematics, such as word combinatorics or numbering systems
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Trinquier, Marie-Pierre. "Enseignement, représentations et pratiques. Confronter le sociocognitif au pragmatique : continuités et ruptures d'une relation". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00703522.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette note de synthèse s'inscrit dans le courant actuel des recherches analysant l'agir professionnel en éducation. Elle porte sur l'étude de la relation entre la sphère sociocognitive et la sphère pragmatique dans le domaine de l'enseignement. Elle présente dans un premier temps la dynamique de l'évolution de mon objet de recherche, puis dans un deuxième et troisième temps, le cœur de la note de synthèse consacré à mon objet actuel : la recherche des éléments représentationnels potentiellement ou effectivement organisateurs des pratiques d'enseignement. Cet objet porte sur l'analyse des pratiques verbales que les enseignants adressent à leurs élèves dans la communication pédagogique, pratiques particulièrement en prise avec les représentations via la symbolique du langage. Il se focalise sur les pratiques génériques d'enseignement, c'est-à-dire celles partagées par les enseignants. M'appuyant sur une discipline contributive aux Sciences de l'Éducation, la Psychologie Sociale, je considère les pratiques verbales comme des actes verbaux récurrents qui, par cette récurrence même, traduisent des intentions particulières guidées par des représentations plus ou moins conscientisées. C'est ce rapport entre les représentations (sphère sociocognitive) et les pratiques verbales (sphère pragmatique) qui est particulièrement étudié dans cette note de synthèse, via la confrontation des pratiques verbales observées en situation pédagogique (manifestations de représentations en pratiques), aux pratiques déclarées et justifiées en entretien (représentations des pratiques). Mes avancées sont essentiellement conceptuelles et théoriques. Elles s'inscrivent dans l'optique des recherches visant la connaissance de la pratique. Dévoiler les cohérences mais aussi les ruptures sociocognitivo-pragmatiques concourt à la réflexion scientifique cherchant à mettre en évidence des savoirs professionnels impliqués dans les pratiques. J'opérationnalise les cohérences, ou les ruptures par la mise au jour de différents types de généricités que je nomme ainsi : - Généricité congruente. Elle est à l'œuvre lorsque les pratiques constatées en classe correspondent à celles décrites et justifiées en entretien (ou lorsque des pratiques non constatées en classe ont été par ailleurs signalées par les enseignants comme ne pouvant être mises en place). Les représentations livrées en entretien ont un statut d'organisateurs opérants des pratiques, (ou dans le deuxième cas, celui d'organisateurs potentiellement opérants de l'absence de pratiques). - Généricité implicite. Elle se manifeste lorsque les pratiques constatées en classe ne sont pas décrites et justifiées en entretien. Les représentations (inférées par le chercheur, à propos des pratiques de terrain) ont alors un statut d'organisateurs potentiels des pratiques. - Généricité convenue. Elle est présente lorsqu'à l'inverse, les pratiques décrites et justifiées en entretien, ne sont pas constatées en classe. Les représentations livrées par les enseignants ne sont pas organisatrices des pratiques. Elles alimentent plutôt la pensée professionnelle. - Enfin Généricité contextuelle. Elle est à l'œuvre lorsque les enseignants signalent des pratiques qu'ils ne font pas, et justifient cette absence, alors que paradoxalement le chercheur constate de telles pratiques en classe. Les représentations ne sont pas dans ce cas organisatrices des pratiques. D'autres éléments de contexte influencent ces dernières. J'analyse les pratiques pour saisir lesquelles des représentations dont les psychologues sociaux ont mis en évidence l'impact sur les comportements en situations expérimentales (représentations de soi, d'autrui, de la tâche, du contexte), et éventuellement quelles représentations d'un autre type, sont organisatrices, ou potentiellement organisatrices, ou non organisatrices des pratiques ordinaires d'enseignement. Certains résultats obtenus permettent par exemple de mettre en relation certaines pratiques verbales génériques avec les représentations de la tâche d'enseignement à caractère hétérostructurant, ou encore avec les représentations que les enseignants possèdent des capacités cognitives des élèves selon le statut scolaire qu'ils leur attribuent. Pour étudier la relation entre la sphère sociocognitive et la sphère pragmatique en situations ordinaires d'enseignement, cette note de synthèse propose une démarche méthodologique et un cadre opératoire illustrant une orientation structuro-herméneutique.
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Tollington, Janet Elizabeth. "Continuity and divergence : a study of Haggai and Zechariah 1-8 in relation to earlier Old Testament prophetic literature". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:06c75e99-566d-49b6-8301-26addd8cff33.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this thesis is to make a thematic study of the Books of Haggai and Zechariah 1-6 in order firstly to identify the ways in which classical prophetic methods and traditions are continued and developed in these works and secondly to consider the reasons for any divergence in thought and style. The study is based on the hypothesis that the community of Israel underwent radical change as a result of the fall of Jerusalem and the Babylonian exile and that during the restoration period, under Persian rule, fundamental distinctions in theological understanding and the phenomenon of prophecy arose. The thesis contains six major chapters. The first is introductory and considers the composite nature of the books and the possibility of distinguishing and dating the different strata. The second compares the status, authority and roie within the community of Haggai and Zechariah with those of their prophetic predecessors. Chapter three studies the ways in which the prophetic messages were received and transmitted and includes a discussion on the development of angeloiogy. Specific themes which are important in Haggai and Zechariah 1-8 are dealt with in the next three chapters; issues relating to Israel's leadership and ideas of messianism; ideas about divine judgement and punishment upon the nation; and thoughts on the relationships between other nations, Israel and her God. Each of these compares the treatment of the themes with that found in the classical prophetic books and also considers the respective use that is made of other Old Testament material. Conclusions were drawn in each chapter and these have been collated in the short final chapter. The study concluded that Haggai stood firmly in the classical prophetic tradition while Zechariah was more innovative in respect of prophetic method and at times radical in the theological ideas he proclaimed.
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Lalonde, David. "Continuité des traits psychopathiques et contribution de la qualité des relations parents-enfant, enseignant-enfant et pairs-enfant à la modification de ces traits chez des enfants présentant un trouble des conduites". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9878.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ce mémoire de recherche investigue la continuité des traits psychopathiques chez les enfants de même que la contribution de la qualité des relations avec les parents, l’enseignant et les pairs à la variabilité de ces traits. La présente étude porte sur 281 enfants (48 % de filles) âgés de 6 à 9 ans avec un trouble des conduites. Trois dimensions de traits psychopathiques ont été évaluées chez les enfants (narcissisme, impulsivité, insensibilité), en plus d’un construit global. Ces traits ont été mesurés avec l’APSD par un parent et un enseignant à l’entrée dans l’étude (temps 0 ou T0) puis à une année d’intervalle sur une période de 4 ans (T1 à T4). Ces évaluateurs ont également évalué la qualité de leur relation avec l’enfant ainsi que celle avec les pairs (T0). Les résultats montrent que la stabilité différentielle des traits sur l’intervalle de quatre années va de faible à modérée pour chaque dimension. Cependant, l’analyse de la stabilité des niveaux moyens indique que c’est entre le T0 et le T2 que la variabilité des traits est la plus significative, la stabilité étant plus importante entre le T2 et le T4. Enfin, l’étude démontre qu’aucune des variables relationnelles ne contribue significativement à la variabilité des traits quatre ans plus tard et ce, pour chacune des dimensions ainsi que pour le construit global.
stabilité, traits psychopathiques, traits antisociaux, trouble des conduites, enfants, relation avec le parent, relation avec l’enseignant, relation avec les pairs
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Stockmann, Petra. "Change and continuity in post-Suharto Indonesia : an analysis of key legislation relating to the political system and human rights". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2003. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/434.
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Andersson, Camilla, e Cecilia Tranlund. "En översikt av vilka faktorer som har samband med patientens upplevelse av kontinuitet i vården : En litteraturstudie". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Omvårdnad, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-20929.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Forskning visar på att patienter önskar kontinuitet, då de upplever att det bidrar till känslan av trygghet och närhet. Det ger sjuksköterskan möjlighet att lära känna personen och en möjlighet att bättre följa upp gjorda åtgärder. Syfte Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva vilka faktorer som har samband med patientens upplevelse av kontinuitet i vården. Metod Studien har genomförts som en litteraturstudie. Resultat Resultatet visade att det var viktigt för kontinuiteten att de fick träffa en sjuksköterska som de kände sedan tidigare och att det var samma sjuksköterska vid alla vårdtillfällen. Det var även viktigt att sjuksköterskan de träffade var uppdaterad på deras medicinska historia. En viktig faktor som höjde kontinuiteten var om patienten hade en kronisk sjukdom, då de patienterna oftare kräver regelbunden uppföljning med fler besök hos vården. Patienterna upplevde större kontinuitet om vården utfördes av sjuksköterska istället för av andra vårdgivare Sjuksköterskorna var mer anpassningsbara, flexibla och tog sig mer tid med patienten. Slutsats Studien visar att kontinuitet är något som patienter upplever som viktigt när de möter vården men det saknas forskning om hur vården ska organiseras, för att kontinuiteten ska upplevas bättre ur ett patientperspektiv, balanserat mot organisationens behov av att spara tid och pengar.Research shows that patients wants continuity, as they feel it adds to the feeling of security and closeness That it gives the nurse the opportunity to get to know the person and an opportunity to better follow up actions. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that influence patient perception of continuity of care. Method This study was conducted as a literature review. Result The results showed that it was important for the continuity that they got to meet a nurse they knew from before, and it was the same nurse at every appointment. It was also important that who they met, was up to date on their medical history. An important factor that increased continuity was if the patient has a chronic disease, which increases the need to require regular follow-up with more visits to health care. Patients experienced greater flexibility of care performed by a nurse instead of a doctor, the nurses took more time with the patient and that it was more effective. Conclusion The study shows that continuity is important when patients recieve care, but there is no research about how care should be organized, for continuity to be perceived better from a patient perspective, balanced against the needs of the organization to save time and money.
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Crandall, Sonia J. S. "A case study of physician performance in relation to participation in a continuing medical education program /". Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1989.
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Visagie, Martha Jacoba. "Review of two sustainability learning programmes for industrial settings in relation to emerging green learning aspects". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017360.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Driven by the needs of growing populations, industrial and governing powers are successfully accelerating the rate of industrial consumption, production and employment as if the earth’s resources are in unlimited supply. In contrast, a range of international sustainable development forums, inspired by visionary individuals, have made significant progress in creating awareness that the footprint of human activity is exceeding the earth’s sink and source capacity; and educating people in government, workplaces and communities to slow down industrial consumption and clean up production. Turning around conventional and short sighted ‘business as usual’ logic, and directing economies toward greener, long-term sustainability outcomes, still meet with resistance and hidden unsustainable agendas. The ‘green economy’ drive nevertheless since 2008 attracts financial and human resources and bold action in favour of more sustainable management of human-nature relations. The sustainable development movement for example advocates a ‘triple bottom line’ approach, holding that socially and ecologically responsible economic development would be sustainable. The sustainability movement has attained significant buy-in among governments and business communities. It forms the under-labouring philosophy of the programmes reviewed in this case study. The thesis reviews social-economic events paving the way for a global green economy. Taking a leadership role in the sustainable development movement the United Nations (UN) and the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) concurred to respond to the 2008 world-wide economic meltdown with a two-pronged ‘Green New Deal’ (UNEP, 2008). The Green New Deal financial package helps restore multi-national economic growth, employment and markets while re-shaping economies to follow an ecologically and socially responsible growth trajectory. South Africa implements green economy principles as part of the 2010 The New Growth Path overarching policy framework, with an implementation strategy embedded in the 2011 National Development Plan (NDP) (RSA. The Presidency, 2010; 2011). The New Growth Path emphasises that the transformation of South Africa’s un-sustainable economic and educational legacy to a more sustainable future is not expected to follow a smooth, linear process. The transition to a green economy is rather expected to be an event of “… noisy, healthy democracy” (RSA. The Presidency, 2010). A green, low carbon economy particularly constitutes a pledge to slow down and turn the human induced climate change trajectory around. McKinsey (2009) argues that this pledge is attainable on a world-wide scale, as sufficient and suitable environmentally sound techniques and technologies are already in place. Attaining buy-in from business stakeholders toward re-thinking and amending an economy’s self-defying large environmental footprint (inclusive of carbon, water and waste footprints) however requires education starting with awarenessraising followed by educational programmes and official curricula aimed at implementation and continuous improvement of green practices in day to day ‘doings and beings’ (Sen, 1997). This study at implementation level reviews two green economy training programmes and their emergence in South Africa around this rationale. The awareness generation and training programmes elected as case study examples are the ‘Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production’ (RECP) and ‘Industrial Energy Efficiency’ (IEE) programmes, of the hosting agency National Cleaner Production Centre of South Africa (NCPC-SA). The RECP and IEE teams reach out to decision makers, engineers and artisans at industrial workplaces and workplace related events to add green competences to their business-as-usual skill sets. Implementing green options in industry typically slows down industrial scale resource consumption, pollution, waste generation and green-house gas (GHG) emissions while optimising resource productivity and enterprise excellence. Optimised supply side systems allow industry to reduce energy and material intensity of products thus reducing cost and producing more with less. In transitioning to a ‘Green GDP’ economy South Africa is awakening to the reality that natural resources constitute the original, albeit limited feedstock for growth and employment. The RECP and IEE approach also contribute to reduction of industrial waste, waste-to-landfill, and energy and resource security. Literature reviewed for this research provides evidence that the green economy’s triple bottom line philosophy is quantifiable thus manageable. A range of green economy management tools are emerging, including guidelines for carbon, water and environmental footprinting and the green-house gas abatement cost curve (see section 2.2.5) (McKinsey and Company, 2009). Transitioning from business as usual to ecologically sustainable industrial sectors however requires visionary, educated leadership, willing and capable of introducing modern and more efficient techniques and technologies. The boundaries of this half thesis embrace the globally and historically significant Tbilisi Declaration and other education and sustainable development agreements produced by United Nations and OECD mechanisms. Participating nations like South Africa incorporate the essence of these agreements into domestic policies and strategies, and align industries to remain competitive in international markets, which are increasingly enforcing green standards like ISO 14001 and ISO 50001. The focus of this case study guided by inductive, abductive and retroductive inference is to understand how the two sustainability learning programmes for people in industrial workplaces, supported by the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO) and relevant donors, and overseen by the South African Department of Trade and Industry (the dti), relate to emerging green learning aspects. Producing a review of this nature requires a framework of laterally understanding emerging green learning aspects, for which I have reviewed green economy literature and also green learning and conventional education and training literature respectively. Themes emerging from the literature review informed an analytical instrument (questionnaire) in Phase One. In Phase Two the questionnaire was applied through nested case study methodology to show how the educational content and approaches of the RECP and IEE programmes relate to emerging green learning aspects and as such is suitable for mainstreaming in the national educational system. From an explicit educational perspective potential partners for collaboration include the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET) the South African Qualifications Authority’s (SAQA’s) Quality Council for Trades and Occupations (QCTO) and the Sector Education and Training Authorities (SETAs) representing the training needs of the industrial workforce but affiliated to QCTO and SAQA. In the extended scenario the NCPC-SA as a dti programme recognises the Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) as lead agency guiding implementation of South Africa’s green economy, and specifically DEA’s National Environmental Sector Skills Planning Forum (NESPF), a national leader in green skills development in South Africa, as conduit for productively mainstreaming relevant RECP and IEE content and approaches toward green skills development for the green economy.
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Janssen, Philippe. "Influences relatives de l'ancienneté et de la maturité sur la biodiversité : implications pour la conservation en forêts de montagne". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS024/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Depuis les années 1980, de nombreuses études ont montré l’importance des peuplements forestiers très matures et de leurs attributs constitutifs (arbres de gros diamètre, bois morts…) pour la conservation de la biodiversité forestière. Ces travaux ont permis d’initier un processus en faveur d’une meilleure reconnaissance de la fonction écologique des forêts. La plupart de ces études ne tiennent cependant pas compte de la notion d’ancienneté des forêts, i.e. de la continuité temporelle de l’état boisé. Cette notion apparaît pourtant pertinente pour expliquer la répartition de certaines espèces. Ainsi, une forêt ancienne, même rajeunie par une perturbation, pourrait jouer un rôle pour la conservation de la biodiversité tout aussi important qu’une forêt récente constituée de peuplements très matures. Cette relation a priori contrastée entre biodiversité et maturité d’une part et biodiversité et ancienneté d’autre part, soulève de nombreuses questions quant aux choix stratégiques à mettre en place pour une conservation et une gestion optimale de la biodiversité en forêts. Plus généralement, ces notions permettent de questionner l’influence relative des activités humaines passées et actuelles sur la biodiversité forestière. Afin de préciser les effets relatifs de l’ancienneté et de la maturité sur la biodiversité, une approche combinant géohistoire et sciences de l’environnement a été mise en place. Un dispositif d’étude de 70 sites, croisant des forêts anciennes ou récentes avec des peuplements peu matures ou très matures, a été développé dans les Préalpes francçaises (Vercors, Chartreuse et Bauges). Pour chacun des sites, l’ancienneté et la maturité ont été caractérisées et quatre groupes taxinomiques ont été inventoriés : flore vasculaire, coléoptères saproxyliques, collemboles et macrolichens épiphytes. Nos résultats indiquent une absence flagrante d’effet d’héritage dû aux usages passés, à la fois dans les sols et sur la biodiversité. Les espèces étaient avant tout influencées par la maturité des peuplements, notamment la diversité des bois morts pour les coléoptères saproxyliques et l’ouverture de la canopée pour la flore vasculaire. Le sol, à travers le pH et les formes d’humus, avait également un rôle structurant fort sur la flore vasculaire et les collemboles, et le climat, à travers les températures, sur les coléoptères saproxyliques. Cet effet limité de l’ancienneté, comparativement aux études antérieures, est à mettre en relation avec le contexte écologique, paysager et historique des forêts de montagne : fort taux de boisement, forte proportion de forêts anciennes, surfaces boisées peu fragmentées, usage ancien peu impactant et gestion forestière actuelle assez extensive. Nos résultats montrent ainsi que l’effet des usages anciens sur la biodiversité dépend fortement du contexte. Ils soulignent l’importance de la prise en compte des conditions environnementales locales, attributs de maturité mais aussi conditions climatiques et édaphiques, pour une compréhension plus fine des patrons de biodiversité en forêts de montagneSince the 1980s, numerous studies had shown the importance of stand maturity, especially old-growth habitat features (very large trees, deadwood…) for forest biodiversity conservation. This work led to a better recognition of the ecological function of forests. However, most of these studies do not take account of forest continuity, i.e. the temporal continuity in forested condition. Forest continuity has been used to explain some species distribution. Therefore, ancient forests, even rejuvenated by disturbances, may be of greater conservation interest for biodiversity than recent forests composed of overmature stands. This a priori contrasting relationship between biodiversity and stand maturity on the one hand and biodiversity and forest continuity on the other hand, raises many questions about the most appropriate policy choices to conserve and manage adequately forest biodiversity. More generally, these concepts allow the questioning of the relative influence of past and present human-induced environmental changes on forest biodiversity. To clarify the relative effects of forest continuity and stand maturity on biodiversity, we developed an approach in which we combined historical ecology and environmental sciences. We established 70 sites in the French Prealps (Vercors, Chartreuse and Bauges) in which we crossed ancient or recent forests with mature or overmature stands. For each site we characterized forest continuity and stand maturity and assessed the response of four taxonomic groups: vascular plants, saproxylic beetles, springtails and epiphytic macrolichens. Results showed an obvious lack of legacy effect on both soil conditions and biodiversity. Species were above all influenced by stand maturity, especially deadwood diversity for saproxylic beetles and canopy openness for vascular plants. Soil conditions, through pH and humus forms, had also a great structuring role on vascular plants and springtails, and climatic conditions, through temperature, on saproxylic beetles. Comparatively to previous studies, this quite limited effect of forest continuity can be linked with the ecological, landscape and historical context of mountain forests: high percentage of forest cover, high proportion of ancient forests, low-fragmented wooded areas, past land use being low impacting and current extensive forest management. Overall, our results show that the effect of forest continuity on biodiversity is context dependent and underline the necessity to better account for local environmental conditions, stand maturity attributes but also climatic and edaphic conditions, to improve our understanding of biodiversity patterns in mountain forests
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Mainville, Linda. "Étude de la relation entre l'utilisation d'une approche d'enseignement et l'orientation épistémique de formateurs responsables d'apprenants adultes au palier secondaire en Ontario". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0017/NQ57055.pdf.
Testo completoLibri sul tema "Relative continuity"
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Tandt, Francine de. La loi relative à la continuité des entreprises. Bruxelles: Larcier, 2009.
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Council, East Dorset Community Health. Review of discharge from NHS continuing care: Views of relatives and carers. [Bournemouth]: the Council, 1997.
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Cam, Donaldson, Bond John 1947- e University of Newcastle upon Tyne. Health Care Research Unit., a cura di. Evaluation of continuing-care accommodation for elderly people.: Views of relatives and volunteers. Newcastle upon Tyne: University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Health Care Research Unit, 1989.
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Piveteau, Jean-Luc. Temps du territoire: Continuité et ruptures dans la relation de l'homme à l'espace. Carouge-Genève: Editions Zoé, 1995.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Rules and Administration. Updating Senate Resolution 219, agreed to May 5, 1978, relating to the senior citizen intern program: Report (to accompany S. Res. 96). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.
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Yalew, Ingidayehu. The provision and organisation of continuing professional education in Ethiopia: (with special reference to four professions within the education system; and in relation to development). [s.l: The author], 1985.
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Alcaro, Francesco, Concettina Fenga, Enrico Moscati, Francesco Pernice e Raffaele Tommasini, a cura di. Valori della persona e modelli di tutela contro i rischi ambientali e genotossici. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-827-7.
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This book brings together studies produced during the implementation of the MIUR-PRIN 2005/2007 inter-university project on 'The individual in domestic and community legislation: new models for protection and management of environmental and genotoxic risks'. The managers of the working groups organised itinerant study days in Messina, Florence and Rome, also with a view to in-the-field verification of different experiences and realities. Within the framework of interdisciplinary liaison, the important contributions made by eminent scholars have enabled the in-depth study at legal and medical level of the most appropriate tools for guaranteeing preventive and restrictive mechanisms in relation to protection from the damage of potentially genotoxic environmental, occupational or individual factors. This is the most recent approach to the new code of the environment, utilising the principle of precaution which is intended to induce the jurist and the medical scientist to discern profiles of continuity and discontinuity in the promotion and protection of individual values.
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Britain, Great. An act for continuing several laws relating to the regulating the prices at which corn and grain may be exported from Great Britain ... and to the admission to entry of oil and blubber of Newfoundland ... London: Printed by George Eyre and Andrew Strahan, Printers to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 2001.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations., a cura di. 106-1 Markup: H. CON. RES. 295, Relating to Continuing Human Rights Violations and Political Oppression in The Socialist Republic of Vietnam 25 Years After The Fall of South Vietnam To Communist Forces, April 12, 2000. [S.l: s.n., 2000.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations., a cura di. 106-1 Markup: H. CON. RES. 295, Relating to Continuing Human Rights Violations and Political Oppression in The Socialist Republic of Vietnam 25 Years After The Fall of South Vietnam To Communist Forces, April 12, 2000. [S.l: s.n., 2000.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "Relative continuity"
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Savchuk, Oleg, Fedor Stonyakin, Mohammad Alkousa, Rida Zabirova, Alexander Titov e Alexander Gasnikov. "Online Optimization Problems with Functional Constraints Under Relative Lipschitz Continuity and Relative Strong Convexity Conditions". In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 29–43. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43257-6_3.
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Sánchez-Mira, Núria, e Laura Bernardi. "Relative Time and Life Course Research". In Life Course Research and Social Policies, 121–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13512-5_8.
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AbstractMainstream life course studies often draw on a conventional understanding of time as a unidirectional clock-based entity, which proceeds in a uniform and linear manner. This chapter argues that, in order to understand the social, relational and psychological processes of change and continuity that characterize life course processes, we need to adopt a more comprehensive and explicit conceptualization of time—a conceptualization that goes beyond an absolute (linear, chronological, uniform) definition—to incorporate the notion of relative time. Drawing on insights from narrative and biographical research, discussions of the temporal embeddedness of human agency and multidisciplinary research on time perceptions and time perspectives, we propose a definition of relative time based on three main characteristics: its multidirectional, elastic and telescopic nature. The chapter promotes the integration of absolute and relative time in the study of life course processes, and the important role of prospective qualitative research in this respect and outlines future avenues for research in this direction.
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Gorwood, Brian T. "Experience of Problems Relative to Curriculum Continuity and School Transfer in Teacher-Training Courses". In Routledge Library Editions: Education Mini-Set N Teachers & Teacher Education Research 13 vols, Vol227:71—Vol227:102. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203125526-146.
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Rutten, Gijsbert, e Marijke van der Wal. "4. Discourse continuity and the written medium: Continuative relative clauses in the history of Dutch". In Aspects of Grammaticalization, a cura di Daniel Olmen, Hubert Cuyckens e Lobke Ghesquière, 113–38. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110492347-005.
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Daly, Mary. "Conceptualizing and Analyzing Family Policy and How It Is Changing". In The Palgrave Handbook of Family Policy, 25–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54618-2_2.
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AbstractThis chapter focuses on the conceptualization of family policy as well as identifying the main trends and policy reforms. The chapter first sets out an analytic framework. This underlines the complexity of family policy and the necessity to see it as relating to both family structure and family-related behavior. The chapter then proceeds to identify major contemporary trends, focusing on three main areas of family policy: income supports for families with children, early childhood education and care and parenting-related leaves from employment. It shows family policy as dynamic and seeking to balance a series of tensions between resourcing families on the one hand and regulating them on the other. At issue is the balance to be struck between continuity in the structure of families, in their economic and social organization and in regard to the relative resourcing of different generations and life phases.
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Barstad, Hans M. "Isaiah 56–66 in Relation to Isaiah 40–55. Why a New Reading is Necessary". In Continuity and Discontinuity, 41–62. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783666536144.41.
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Kiryushchenko, Vitaly. "Sign Relation". In Diagrams, Visual Imagination, and Continuity in Peirce's Philosophy of Mathematics, 49–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23245-9_5.
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Levanon, Tamar. "Relation, Action and the Continuity of Transition". In Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science, 125–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22590-6_7.
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de Biasi, Katharina. "The Interdependent Relation between Continuity and Change". In Solving the Change Paradox by Means of Trust, 45–75. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-23912-1_3.
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Auer, Peter, e Daniel Duran. "Chapter 4. Coronalisation in the German multi-ethnolect". In The Continuity of Linguistic Change, 79–99. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/silv.31.04aue.
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We investigate coronalisation, i.e. the fronting of the palatal fricative /ç/, in the multi-ethnolect spoken by young people in the city of Stuttgart. In contrast to a previous study on the Berlin multi-ethnolect, which claims a merger of /ç/ with /ʃ/, we only find a weak and unstable tendency among our speakers to reduce the difference between the two dorsal fricatives /ç/ and /ʃ/, as compared to a group of similar speakers living in a relatively monoethnic neighbourhood. Depending on the phonetic measurements used, this tendency mostly remains below the threshold of significance. We discuss two interpretations of these findings, one linked to the ambient German dialects, the other postulating the beginning of regional differentiation between the German multi-ethnolects.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Relative continuity"
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Bluhm, Andreas, Ángela Capel, Paul Gondolf e Antonio Pérez-Hernández. "General Continuity Bounds for Quantum Relative Entropies". In 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit54713.2023.10206734.
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Yanhong Li e Zhaoyou Tian. "Fuzzy continuity of convex fuzzy mapping based on relative interior". In 2013 10th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2013.6816167.
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Song, Renjie. "A Discussion on the Continuity of Higher Education and Physical Education's Relative Development". In 2017 7th International Conference on Education and Management (ICEM 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icem-17.2018.151.
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Samson, Boris A., e Marat Shaykhattarov. "Four Phase Relative Permeability and Capillary Pressure Framework for Surfactant EOR Simulation". In SPE Reservoir Simulation Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/203978-ms.
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Abstract Consistent set of algorithms to calculate phase relative permeability and capillary pressure values in the four-phase representation suitable for surfactant flooding simulation has been derived. The novel formulation resolves difficulties with applying existing three-phase approaches, and it ensures continuity of transport characteristics at solubilization changes in phase composition.
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Albareda-Valls, Albert, Caio Cesar Milan, Jordi Maristany Carreras e David Garcia Carrera. "Analysis of slab-column connections in CFT sections without continuity of the tube". In 12th international conference on ‘Advances in Steel-Concrete Composite Structures’ - ASCCS 2018. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/asccs2018.2018.7152.
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When dealing with concrete-filled tube columns and RC slabs, it is usual to interrupt steel tubes in slab-column connections if the column is mainly compressed. Contractors do prefer to solve these connections with independent tubes, although innerreinforcements may be continuous through the slab. In these cases, both tubes from the upper and lower levels do have base plate connections, with a set of anchor bolts. This procedure saves a lot of time of global works, by making everything easier at the same time, as tubular profiles do not intersect the formwork.However, this reasonable design for slab-column joints suggest at least some questions about the strength of the concrete at the area of connection, where the tube has been interrupted. On the one hand, the load is transferred through concrete in the slab thickness, since there is no continuity of the tube; on the other hand, concrete at that point becomes triaxially confined due to the restriction to lateral deformation.This study analyses the validity of this connection method and the differences observed depending on the relative location of the column (corner, façade –lateral- or central pillars). Needless to say that the relative location of the column leads to differentconfinement patterns in concrete.
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Desnoyers, Yvon. "The Relative Importance of Destructive Analyses for Radiological Characterization With Geostatistics". In ASME 2023 International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2023-109666.
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Abstract Geostatistics provides innovative tools for the radiological characterization of nuclear facilities under decommissioning as well as contaminated sites for remediation. The relevance of this approach relies on the presence of a spatial continuity for radiological contamination. In this case, geostatistics provides reliable activity estimates, uncertainty quantification and risk analysis, which are essential decision-making tools for decommissioning and dismantling projects of nuclear installations. The experimental variogram γ(h) is calculated by averaging, within classes of distance h, the variability contribution of each couple of data; this contribution is usually quantified by the half-squared difference of the measured values. In this paper, a parallel is drawn with an alternative formula of the statistical variance to be able to break down the different variance contribution (sampling duplicates, measurement replicates, spatial variability). The application on one chemical case and one radiological case demonstrates that, the relative uncertainty on the laboratory results (analyses on destructive samples) can be seen as negligible in comparison to the sampling uncertainty on the one hand and the spatial variability on the other hand. In addition, classification of volumes according to a threshold seems to be quite robust in comparison to the relative accuracy of the lab results. The artificial introduction of a systematic bias (± 50% for instance) leads to a corresponding limited impact on contaminated volumes (only ± 10% or ±20%).
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Wu, Xudi, Xuefei Zou, Yunhan Wang, Wei Liu e Jianfeng Xiao. "Two-Phase Unsaturated Microscopic Seepage Simulation Study Based on Digital Core Technology". In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0675.
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ABSTRACT In recent years, digital core technology as an emerging numerical simulation method has been widely used in many fields. In this paper, the three-dimensional pore throat structure of sandstone was extracted by digital core computed tomography (CT) technique. And establish a core's realistic 3D pore network model by 3D visualization image processing technique for gas-liquid two-phase unsaturated microscopic seepage simulation. To realize two-phase unsaturated seepage simulation, using two-phase volume averaged momentum equation and continuity equation to construct the two-phase unsaturated seepage coupling equation. The two-phase saturation and relative permeability variations were described by the saturation relation and the VG-Mualem model. The results show that the saturation variation is uneven during unsaturated seepage due to the finger-in phenomenon. There is a dominant channel in the two-phase fluid seepage process, the flow lines are more intensive in the large pore throat, and the flow velocity varies widely. The relative permeability of two-phase at different parts is similar, the relative permeability curve is concave downward. The final relative permeability of the non-wetting phase is closed to 1. INTRODUCTION There are numerous seepage simulation methods, which can be mainly divided into macroscopic and microscopic from the seepage scale. Macroscale simulation methods are used to determine the fluid state in porous media by solving differential equations, including flow rate, saturation, etc. (Lei et al. 2018). The micro-scale simulation method is to simulate the seepage flow based on the pore network structure using finite element, lattice Boltzmann and other methods. And the boundary conditions are considered in the process (Liu et al. 2017). Due to the complexity of pore structure and fluid flow characteristics in porous media, conventional core images obtained by scanning methods are difficult to use for micro-scale seepage simulation. However, with the widespread application of CT scanning technology in the oil and gas industry, a three-dimensional high-precision digital core characterization technology based on CT scanning imaging has been formed, which is to extract rock structure data from digital rock, and process the data through a three-dimensional visualization image processing software to construct a pore network model. It has the advantages of high spatial continuity and high visualization, and the pore network model can better reflect the rock core pore structure characteristics and pore throat topological relationship than the random network defined only by porosity and permeability, which can greatly improve the accuracy of seepage simulation (Baldwin, 1996; F. Arzilli, 2016).
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Yamatoki, Shuichi, Yoshitaka Hamamoto e Koji Gotoh. "Evaluation of the Stress Magnification Factor in Angled Discontinuities of Longitudinal Stiffeners". In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24611.
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In ship hull design, longitudinal stiffeners may be twisted or knuckled to keep the continuity of strength along the vessel. This occurs at angled discontinuities such as discontinuous connections at the transverse web between two longitudinal stiffeners having different angles, e.g., a side shell longitudinal stiffener in the rounded part of the ship’s hull. Although the criteria for selection of “twist”, “knuckle”, or “angled discontinuity” as it is should be strength criteria, there are no generalized criteria or published systematic studies, and ship hull designers usually depend on experimental rules. In this study we evaluate and compare the stress magnification factors and define the relative ratio between the stresses in the discontinuity and continuity structures by using finite element analysis from a strength-of-materials point of view. Our results show that under lateral load conditions the stress factor is larger in the twist structure than in the angled discontinuity structure, although under axial load conditions the stress factor in the knuckle and angle discontinuity structures is larger than in the twist structure. Additionally, we propose a formula that estimates the factor in the knuckle structure based on the strength-of-materials approach.
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Guerra, Dante, Deron Arceneaux, Ding Zhu e A. D. Hill. "Relative Permeability Behavior of Oil- Water Systems in Wolfcamp and Eagle Ford Fractures". In SPE International Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205295-ms.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Presently, two-phase flow behavior through propped and unpropped fractures is poorly understood, and due to this fact, reservoir modeling using numerical simulation for the domain that contains fractures typically assumes straight-line relative permeability curves and zero capillary pressure in the fractures. However, there have been several studies demonstrating that both viscous and capillary dominated flow can be expected in fractured reservoirs, where non-linear fracture relative permeabilities must be used to accurately model these reservoirs. The objective of this study is to develop an understanding of the relative permeability of oil-water systems in fractures through experimental study. The experimental measurements conducted in this study were done using downhole cores from the Wolfcamp and the Eagle Ford Shale formations. The cores were cut to 1.5-in diameter and 6-in length testing samples. The specimens are saw-cut to generate a fracture along each sample first, and then conditioned in the reservoir fluid at the reservoir temperature for a minimum of 30 days prior to any testing. Wolfcamp and Eagle Ford formation oil and reconstituted brine with and without surfactants are used as the test fluids. The measurements were recorded at effective fracture closure stress and reservoir temperature. Also, real-time measurements of density, pressure, and flow rate are recorded throughout the duration of each test. Fluid saturation within the fracture was calculated using the mass continuity equation. The oil-water relative permeability was measured using the steady-state method. All measurements were conducted at reservoir temperature and at representative effective fracture closure stress. The data from the experimental measurements was analyzed using Darcy's law, and a clear relationship between relative permeability and saturation was observed. The calculated relative permeability curves closely follow the generalized Brooks-Corey correlation for oil-water systems. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the relative permeability curves between the oil-water only systems and the oil-water surfactant systems. The result of this study is useful for estimating the expected oil production more realistically. It also provides information about the effect of surfactants on oil-water relative permeability for optimal design of fracture fluids.
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Tsai, Y. C., e H. L. Chang. "Reconsideration of the LogiX Gear Using a General Mathematical Model of Composite Gear Profiles". In ASME 1992 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1992-0021.
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Abstract A general mathematical model is derived for describing the conjugate tooth profiles and meshing properties of composite gears. Via a typical gear parameter, the pressure angle, necessary conditions that determine the continuity of composite gears in tooth geometry and meshing properties are introduced. The peculiarity of the presented model is that composite gears can be parametrically characterized by the specific functions in terms of pressure angle. An example is demonstrated that the discontinuity in composite gears will be efficiently and logically solved. In this paper the LogiX gear, a special composite gear which consists of many segmental “S” curves in gear profiles and possesses zero values of relative curvature and specific sliding at the joints of connected segmental profiles, will be parametrically investigated by this model. The “ideal” LogiX gear profile, theoretically, is constructed by infinite numbers of segmental profiles such that it may have infinite numbers of zero values of relative curvature and specific sliding. However, this “ideal” LogiX gear profile is characterized as a linear parametric profile that is a monotonous curve substantially and no more has infinite numbers of the zero values. Finally, many parametric gears which own power relative curvature and specific sliding than that of the “ideal” LogiX gear profile are presented.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Relative continuity"
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Hart, Lucy. Understanding platform businesses in the food ecosystem. Food Standards Agency, febbraio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.puh821.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Food Standards Agency (FSA) is responsible for public health in relation to food in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. It makes sure that people can trust that the food they buy and eat is safe and is what it says it is. As part of this responsibility, the FSA works to understand the continuing evolution of the food landscape to identify opportunities to improve standards of food safety and/or authenticity. As well as any new or magnified risks from which consumers should be protected. One area that has evolved rapidly is that of digital platforms in the food and drink industry. Consumers are increasingly purchasing food via third party intermediaries, known as ‘aggregators’, from a range of vendors. Digital platforms remain a relatively new concept, with many launching in the past decade. As such, there has been a knowledge gap in government about how these platforms work and how they impact the landscape in which they operate.
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Hayashi, Ryotaro, David Raitzer, Xylee Javier e Milan Thomas. Assessment of Changes in Secondary School Learning Outcomes in Post-COVID-19 Bhutan. Asian Development Bank, agosto 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/brf23329-2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Bhutan’s schools maintained their relatively strong performance during the pandemic as access to remote learning, the opening of boarding facilities, and moves to prioritize education for secondary school pupils prevented performance gaps widening. This brief shows how Bhutan tried to minimize the impact of school closures on students, provided social safety nets to vulnerable households, and offered a mix of remote learning methods including television and internet. Analyzing exam grades for the Dzongkha national language, English, and science, it shows how the compensatory actions and steps to ensure continuity for secondary school pupils resulted in little decline in their results.
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Gillespie, Rebecca, e Stephanie Friend. Trends in Twitter conversations about food during 2019-20. Food Standards Agency, marzo 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.lbs663.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As part of our responsibilities, we work to understand the continuing evolution of the food landscape to identify opportunities to improve standards of food safety and/or authenticity. To do this, we use science and evidence to tackle the challenges of today, to identify and address emerging risks, and to ensure the UK food safety regulation framework is modern, agile and represents consumer interests. One way we build our understanding of consumer interests and concerns is through social media analysis, which permits real time monitoring of key issues relating to food safety and other consumer concerns.
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Grand-Clément, Sarah. Uncrewed Aerial, Ground, and Maritime Systems: A Compendium. UNIDIR, febbraio 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37559/caap/23/erc/05.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This compendium is intended to provide policymakers, diplomats and other non-technical interested parties with an introductory overview and comparison of technological developments and their security implications relating to uncrewed aerial, ground, and maritime systems. In 2022, UNIDIR released primers for each of the three domains in which uncrewed systems operate (air, land and sea). While each primer gives an in-depth introduction into each type of uncrewed system, this compendium provides a comparative overview that highlights the common developments and security implications of these systems, as well as what distinguishes them. The focus of the compendium is on describing the main areas of technological innovation and development related to the key components that comprise uncrewed systems, outlining the anticipated areas of progress and potential concern, as well as areas of overlap between key enabling technology across the three types of systems. This compendium aims to provide policymakers, diplomats and other non-technical interested parties with an introductory overview and comparative overview of technological developments and their security implications relating to uncrewed systems in the air, land, and maritime domains. The compendium, as well as the primers, also serve as technical guides on issues relating to uncrewed systems for use within frameworks and processes where such systems are relevant and discussed, such as the Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on the continuing operation and relevance of the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms (UNROCA) and its further development, the Conference of States Parties to the Arms Trade Treaty, and the GGE on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems.
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de Pagter, Jesse, Stefanie Schürz e Dietmar Lampert. Considerations for the Use of AI Tools at the Centre for Social Innovation. ZSI - Centre for Social Innovation, luglio 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2024.648.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The goal of this document is to inform ZSI staff on key aspects relating to the use of AI for work at ZSI, including relevant terms and concepts, legal and regulatory frameworks, and a range of considerations for a responsible and effective use of AI. Moreover, it puts forward a course of action for ZSI in how to integrate AI tools effectively and responsibly in the future. The document closes with an initial set of potential use cases that could serve as a basis for a growing collaborative collection to guide ZSI staff in their work with AI. Since the technological possibilities and regulatory framework surrounding AI is very much in flux at the point of the publication of this document (July 2024), it must be seen as preliminary. ZSI is committed to continuing its active and critical engagement with new and developing technologies to integrate them in a responsible manner into its workflows.
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Minz, Dror, Stefan J. Green, Noa Sela, Yitzhak Hadar, Janet Jansson e Steven Lindow. Soil and rhizosphere microbiome response to treated waste water irrigation. United States Department of Agriculture, gennaio 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598153.bard.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Research objectives : Identify genetic potential and community structure of soil and rhizosphere microbial community structure as affected by treated wastewater (TWW) irrigation. This objective was achieved through the examination soil and rhizosphere microbial communities of plants irrigated with fresh water (FW) and TWW. Genomic DNA extracted from soil and rhizosphere samples (Minz laboratory) was processed for DNA-based shotgun metagenome sequencing (Green laboratory). High-throughput bioinformatics was performed to compare both taxonomic and functional gene (and pathway) differences between sample types (treatment and location). Identify metabolic pathways induced or repressed by TWW irrigation. To accomplish this objective, shotgun metatranscriptome (RNA-based) sequencing was performed. Expressed genes and pathways were compared to identify significantly differentially expressed features between rhizosphere communities of plants irrigated with FW and TWW. Identify microbial gene functions and pathways affected by TWW irrigation*. To accomplish this objective, we will perform a metaproteome comparison between rhizosphere communities of plants irrigated with FW and TWW and selected soil microbial activities. Integration and evaluation of microbial community function in relation to its structure and genetic potential, and to infer the in situ physiology and function of microbial communities in soil and rhizospere under FW and TWW irrigation regimes. This objective is ongoing due to the need for extensive bioinformatics analysis. As a result of the capabilities of the new PI, we have also been characterizing the transcriptome of the plant roots as affected by the TWW irrigation and comparing the function of the plants to that of the microbiome. *This original objective was not achieved in the course of this study due to technical issues, especially the need to replace the American PIs during the project. However, the fact we were able to analyze more than one plant system as a result of the abilities of the new American PI strengthened the power of the conclusions derived from studies for the 1ˢᵗ and 2ⁿᵈ objectives. Background: As the world population grows, more urban waste is discharged to the environment, and fresh water sources are being polluted. Developing and industrial countries are increasing the use of wastewater and treated wastewater (TWW) for agriculture practice, thus turning the waste product into a valuable resource. Wastewater supplies a year- round reliable source of nutrient-rich water. Despite continuing enhancements in TWW quality, TWW irrigation can still result in unexplained and undesirable effects on crops. In part, these undesirable effects may be attributed to, among other factors, to the effects of TWW on the plant microbiome. Previous studies, including our own, have presented the TWW effect on soil microbial activity and community composition. To the best of our knowledge, however, no comprehensive study yet has been conducted on the microbial population associated BARD Report - Project 4662 Page 2 of 16 BARD Report - Project 4662 Page 3 of 16 with plant roots irrigated with TWW – a critical information gap. In this work, we characterize the effect of TWW irrigation on root-associated microbial community structure and function by using the most innovative tools available in analyzing bacterial community- a combination of microbial marker gene amplicon sequencing, microbial shotunmetagenomics (DNA-based total community and gene content characterization), microbial metatranscriptomics (RNA-based total community and gene content characterization), and plant host transcriptome response. At the core of this research, a mesocosm experiment was conducted to study and characterize the effect of TWW irrigation on tomato and lettuce plants. A focus of this study was on the plant roots, their associated microbial communities, and on the functional activities of plant root-associated microbial communities. We have found that TWW irrigation changes both the soil and root microbial community composition, and that the shift in the plant root microbiome associated with different irrigation was as significant as the changes caused by the plant host or soil type. The change in microbial community structure was accompanied by changes in the microbial community-wide functional potential (i.e., gene content of the entire microbial community, as determined through shotgun metagenome sequencing). The relative abundance of many genes was significantly different in TWW irrigated root microbiome relative to FW-irrigated root microbial communities. For example, the relative abundance of genes encoding for transporters increased in TWW-irrigated roots increased relative to FW-irrigated roots. Similarly, the relative abundance of genes linked to potassium efflux, respiratory systems and nitrogen metabolism were elevated in TWW irrigated roots when compared to FW-irrigated roots. The increased relative abundance of denitrifying genes in TWW systems relative FW systems, suggests that TWW-irrigated roots are more anaerobic compare to FW irrigated root. These gene functional data are consistent with geochemical measurements made from these systems. Specifically, the TWW irrigated soils had higher pH, total organic compound (TOC), sodium, potassium and electric conductivity values in comparison to FW soils. Thus, the root microbiome genetic functional potential can be correlated with pH, TOC and EC values and these factors must take part in the shaping the root microbiome. The expressed functions, as found by the metatranscriptome analysis, revealed many genes that increase in TWW-irrigated plant root microbial population relative to those in the FW-irrigated plants. The most substantial (and significant) were sodium-proton antiporters and Na(+)-translocatingNADH-quinoneoxidoreductase (NQR). The latter protein uses the cell respiratory machinery to harness redox force and convert the energy for efflux of sodium. As the roots and their microbiomes are exposed to the same environmental conditions, it was previously hypothesized that understanding the soil and rhizospheremicrobiome response will shed light on natural processes in these niches. This study demonstrate how newly available tools can better define complex processes and their downstream consequences, such as irrigation with water from different qualities, and to identify primary cues sensed by the plant host irrigated with TWW. From an agricultural perspective, many common practices are complicated processes with many ‘moving parts’, and are hard to characterize and predict. Multiple edaphic and microbial factors are involved, and these can react to many environmental cues. These complex systems are in turn affected by plant growth and exudation, and associated features such as irrigation, fertilization and use of pesticides. However, the combination of shotgun metagenomics, microbial shotgun metatranscriptomics, plant transcriptomics, and physical measurement of soil characteristics provides a mechanism for integrating data from highly complex agricultural systems to eventually provide for plant physiological response prediction and monitoring. BARD Report
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Ramírez Alujas, Álvaro V., e Nicolás Dassen. Winds of Change: The Progress of Open Government Policymaking in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, marzo 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010577.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The year 2013 has become known as the year of Open Government. The continuing progress of the Open Government Partnership represents the consolidation of a process that, in less than two years, has strengthened the promotion and implementation of public policies. These policies are founded onthe principles of transparency and access to public information, citizen participation, integrity, and the harnessing of technology on behalf of openness and accountability in 63 participating countries. The Latin American and Caribbean region, in particular, stands out with the most widespread participation, including 15 borrowing member countries of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). Fourteen of these have action plans in process for the implementation and/or evaluation of these policies, reinforcing their commitment to open government. Trinidad and Tobago, one of the 15 member countries, will soon present its own action plan. To date, various countries are developing public consultation processes and opportunities for participation for a new two-year period of commitments relating to open government. It is, therefore, worthwhile to review, country-by-country, the commitments that have been carried out and to consider the views expressed by relevant stakeholders. This analysis will further contribute to this emerging domain a new paradigm for public policy and management reform in the 21st century.
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Svynarenko, Radion, Guoping Huang, Theresa L. Profant e Lisa C. Lindley. Effectiveness of End-of-Life Strategies to Improve Health Outcomes and Reduce Disparities in Rural Appalachia: An Analytic Codebook. Pediatric End-of-Life (PedEOL) Care Research Group, College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7290/n89xhm.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Appalachia is one of the most medically underserved areas in the nation. The region has provider shortages and limited healthcare infrastructure. Children and adolescents in this area are in poor health and do not receive the needed quality care. Implementation of section 2302 of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) enabled children enrolled in Medicaid/Children's Health Insurance Program with a terminal illness to use hospice care while continuing treatment for their terminal illness. In addition to being more comprehensive than standard hospice care, this relatively new type of care is more culturally congruent with the end-of-life values of rural Appalachian families, who often view standard hospice as hastening death. The overall goal of this project was to investigate access to pediatric concurrent hospice care in Appalachia. Our central hypothesis was that concurrent care reduces rural/urban disparities in access to hospice care. Data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) used in this project was used and included 1,788 children who resided in the Appalachian region– from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2013. Observations with missing birth dates, death dates, and participants older than 21 years were removed from the final sample. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases were created to map the boundaries of the Appalachian region, hospice locations, and driving times to them.
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Alonso, Pablo, Basil Kavalsky, Jose Ignacio Sembler, Hector Conroy, Salvatore Schiavo-Campo, Juan Manuel Puerta, Monika Huppi et al. How is the IDB Serving Higher-Middle-Income Countries?: Borrowers' Perspective. Inter-American Development Bank, febbraio 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010547.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This evaluation assesses how well IDB's current mode of engagement meets the needs and expectations of countries that have relatively higher income levels and increasing access to diverse funding sources.For the purpose of this evaluation OVE selected 10 countries as case study countries using three objective indicators: (a) income level, (b) level of access to international financial markets, and (c) the weight of the country in IDB's lending portfolio. The countries, labeled higher middle income countries (HMICs) in this evaluation, are Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, and Venezuela. The evaluation finds that IDB remains a valued and trusted development partner in the vast majority of the HMIC case study countries. It is still financially competitive, even in countries with investment-grade sovereign risk ratings, and is particularly so during times of international turbulence. IDB's counterparts particularly value the following aspects of their cooperation with the Bank: the discipline IDB helps impart to project design and execution, along with capacity building related to project management; the opportunity that IDB provides to learn from other experiences in the Region; the seal of approval that IDB's project financing can help provide through its social, environmental, and fiduciary safeguards; and IDB's ability to facilitate medium-to long-term project continuity across political cycles. However, the evaluation also finds that several aspects require further consideration as IDB moves forward, regarding the usefulness of country strategies; engagement with subnational governments; streamlining of IDB's different private sector windows; fine-tuning of some lending instruments; speed of project preparation and implementation; knowledge creation and sharing; and the introduction of fee-based services. The evaluation provides five recommendations to help IDB strengthen its engagement with High-Middle Income Countries.
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Lunsgaarde, Erik, Kevin Adams, Kendra Dupuy, Adis Dzebo, Mikkel Funder, Adam Fejerskov, Zoha Shawoo e Jakob Skovgaard. The politics of climate finance coordination. Stockholm Environment Institute, ottobre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.022.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As COP26 approaches, governments are facing calls to increase the ambition of their climate commitments under the Paris Agreement. The mobilization of climate finance will be key to meeting these goals, prompting the need for renewed attention on how to enhance the coordination of existing funds and thus increase their effectiveness, efficiency and equity. The climate finance landscape is fragmented due to the variety of actors involved at different levels. Coordination difficulties emerge in multiple arenas and reflect the diversity of funding sources, implementation channels, and sectors relevant for climate action (Lundsgaarde, Dupuy and Persson, 2018). The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development has identified over 90 climate-specific funds. Most of them are multilateral. While bilateral climate finance remains significant, growth in multilateral funding has been the main driver of recent funding increases and remains a focus of international negotiations. Practitioners often highlight organizational resource constraints – such as staffing levels, the continuity of personnel, or the availability of adequate information management systems – as factors limiting coordination. In this brief, we argue that improving climate finance coordination requires considering coordination challenges in a political context where both fund secretariats and external stakeholders play an important role in shaping collaboration prospects. To illustrate this point, we highlight the political nature of global-level coordination challenges between the multilateral Climate Investment Funds (CIF) and Green Climate Fund (GCF), as well as national-level challenges in Kenya and Zambia. Key challenges influencing coordination relate to the governance of climate funds, domestic bureaucratic politics in recipient countries, and the existence of multiple coordination frameworks at the country level.