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1
Linhartova, Veronika. "Regional corruption variability in the European countries". Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues 9, n. 3 (30 novembre 2019): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjbem.v9i3.4434.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Quantification of the corruption rate in smaller sub-national areas is still a significantly unexplored area. Sub-national resolution of corruption rate could bring an entirely new dimension to the theory of causes and consequences of regional disparities. There are numerous reasons why to focus on this issue. Perhaps the strongest one is that if corruption negatively affects the economic performance, as many studies claim, the elimination of corruption in certain regions may be the key for the elimination of regional economic disparities and thus increase the economic performance of the state. Analysis of regional corruption may also lead to the creation of regional anti-corruption provisions that can bring a reduction of corruption rate at the national level. This context is formulated the main goal of this article. A new corruption quantification method reflecting inter-regional differences in the level of corruption in the European countries is designed. Using this method, it is possible to draw a comparison of individual NUTS II regions and identify those which are more affected by corruption than the others. A high level of corruption variability was confirmed for NUTS II regions, especially in Italy. Because of this variability, it could be very deceptive to evaluate the country as a whole from the corruption level viewpoint.
Keywords: Corruption, world bank, European union, economic performance, regional disparities, control of corruption.
2
Linhartova, Veronika. "Regional corruption variability in the European countries". New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 6, n. 8 (31 dicembre 2019): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v6i8.4544.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Quantification of the corruption rate in smaller sub-national areas is still a significantly unexplored area. Sub-national resolution of corruption rate could bring an entirely new dimension to the theory of causes and consequences of regional disparities. There are numerous reasons why to focus on this issue. Perhaps the strongest one is that if corruption negatively affects the economic performance, as many studies claim, the elimination of corruption in certain regions may be the key for the elimination of regional economic disparities and thus increase the economic performance of the state. Analysis of regional corruption may also lead to the creation of regional anti-corruption provisions that can bring a reduction of corruption rate at the national level. The main goal of this article is formulated in this context. A new corruption quantification method reflecting inter-regional differences in the level of corruption in the European countries is designed. Using this method, it is possible to draw a comparison of individual NUTS II regions and identify those which are more affected by corruption than the others. A high level of corruption variability was confirmed for NUTS II regions, especially in Italy. Because of this variability, it could be very deceptive to evaluate the country as a whole from the corruption level viewpoint.
Keywords: Corruption, world bank, European union, economic performance, regional disparities, control of corruption.
3
Ezcurra, Roberto, e Pedro Pascual. "Fiscal Decentralization and Regional Disparities: Evidence from Several European Union Countries". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 40, n. 5 (maggio 2008): 1185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a39195.
Testo completo
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Maras, Marin. "The spillover effect of European Union funds between the regions of the new European Union members". Croatian Review of Economic, Business and Social Statistics 8, n. 1 (1 giugno 2022): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/crebss-2022-0005.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract As the differences between the regions are more pronounced than among the countries, NUTS 2 regions of the new members that joined the EU after 2000 are considered. Due to the presence of externalities between the regions, the Solow growth model using interregional externalities is used. This is modelled by spatial econometrics, the method of maximum likelihood. According to previous research, the effects of European funds in the EU on reducing disparities are not unique, but contradictory. From the mentioned research for new members, we can conclude that the research shows a positive effect of European funds on growth rates. There is a noticeable lack of research analyzing the impact of EU funding on new members after the 2008 crisis, including their mutual regional interaction. The aim is to determine the impact of EU funding on reducing regional disparities as measured by GDP per capita. The paper shows that an increase in European funding increases growth rates, thus contributing to the reduction of interregional disparities. European funding, which is mostly targeted at less developed regions, represents an opportunity for new members and potential new members to move closer to more developed old members. The spillover effect of European funds represents the key contribution to the positive effect of EU funds, i.e. the advantage of the application of spatial econometrics. Also, these spillovers have proven to be an important factor whose omission in models estimated by the OLS leads to bias. Regional externalities should be taken into account in regional divisions by regional policymakers, and in creating the distribution of funds for the next programming period. The effect of funding in the region itself without the spillover effect does not contribute to reducing disparities, which represents a future opportunity, especially for the poorest regions, such as the regions in Bulgaria and Romania.
5
Stawicki, M., e A. Wojewódzka-Wiewiórska. "Regional Differentiation of GDP at the NUTS-3 Level in Selected European Countries after their Accession to the European Union". Economy of Regions 19, n. 4 (2023): 1224–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-4-20.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The issue of regional development is gaining importance due to the disproportions in its socio-economic aspects. The study aims to identify changes in economic development of selected countries which joined the European Union (EU) in 2004. The study examines small NUTS-3 (Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics) regions, which are territories determined for statistical purpose, that are less often analysed in the literature. Moreover, it focuses on spatial aspects, also considering rarely examined urban-rural typology of regions. The value and dynamics of gross domestic product (GDP) changes were presented using the Eurostat data for 2004–2019 on GDP per capita ratio (PPS) and GDP per capita (in % in relation to the EU-28 average). The analysis uses basic statistical and convergence measures; regional disparities were presented on graphs and maps. It was found that the examined EU countries are internally different in terms of economic development. The growth of GDP per capita was most dynamic in the Baltic States, Slovakia and Poland. The dynamics of GDP per capita in relation to the EU average was higher in regions — regardless of the type — where the value of GDP per capita was lower at the time of accession to the EU. In rural regions, the dynamics of development changes was smaller in relation to other types of regions. Convergence (both beta and sigma) is occurring at a very low level. Further research may focus on the reasons for enclosed disparities and factors of the ongoing changes.
6
Petrakos, George, Andrés Rodríguez-Pose e Antonis Rovolis. "Growth, Integration, and Regional Disparities in the European Union". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 37, n. 10 (ottobre 2005): 1837–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a37348.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this paper we challenge the ability of the conventional methods initiated by Barro and Sala-i-Martin in the early 1990s to detect actual convergence or divergence trends across countries or regions and suggest an alternative dynamic framework of analysis, which allows for a better understanding of the forces in operation. With the use of a SURE model and time-series data for eight European Union (EU) member states, we test directly for the validity of two competing hypotheses: the neoclassical (NC) convergence hypothesis originating in the work of Solow and the cumulative causation hypothesis stemming from Myrdal's theories. We also account for changes in the external environment, such as the role of European integration on the level of regional disparities. Our findings indicate that both short-term divergence and long-term convergence processes coexist. Regional disparities are reported to follow a procyclical pattern, as dynamic and developed regions grow faster in periods of expansion and slower in periods of recession. At the same time, significant spread effects are also in operation, partly offsetting the cumulative impact of growth on space. Similar results are obtained from the estimation of an intra-EU model of disparities at the national level, indicating that the forces in operation are independent of the level of aggregation. Our findings challenge the view of economic growth as the main driver for a reduction of regional disparities and contribute to the growing scientific evidence that points towards the need to rethink current EU-wide regional development policies.
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Oțil, Maria Daniela, Andra Miculescu e Laura Mariana Cismaș. "Disparities in Regional Economic Development in Romania". Annals of the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University - Economics 62, s1 (1 ottobre 2015): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aicue-2015-0035.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The issue of economic disparities within the European Union economies is not new, it is actually a topical issue. Unfortunately, the EU enlargement has determined an even stronger deepening of the regional disparities, because in the absence of adequate regional development policies, the financial instruments have proved to be ineffective. Recent studies show that the economic crisis has increased regional disparities in the European Union countries, influencing the most important regions, especially the economically less advanced ones, the significant regional differences being identified at the NUTS 3 level. Based on these issues, the present paper tries to answer the following questions: 1. How extended are the regional disparities in Romania and how did they evolve over the period 1998-2012? 2. How did the economic crisis influence disparities? Which territorial units were more affected? In order to measure regional inequalities the Hoover index was used as well as the coefficient of variation, and the indicator for assessing the level of development as well as for highlighting regional disparities was GDP per capita. The analysis and interpretation of the results provide an overview of the situation at the regional level in Romania
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Vosejpková, M. "Approaches to the rural development problems in the European Union and in some of the Central and Eastern European countries". Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 48, No. 4 (29 febbraio 2012): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5299-agricecon.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Utilisation of regional policy helps to reduce disparities among regions. The approaches to solving these problems in the European Union differ from the approaches practised in Central and Eastern European countries. The development of rural areas in the European Union is realised through the principles of regional policy and its instruments, i.e. Structural Funds, in co-operation with the Common Agricultural Policy. The applied assistance from the Structural Funds is aimed at the objectively defined areas. The situation of countries with many socio-economic problems is reflected in the weak demographic structures of these regions. Solutions of the problematic situation can be found in implementation of the approach supporting the development of multi-functional agriculture and a broader social and territorial context of economic development in all adopted tools of rural development. The way of supporting diversification of the competitive rural economic structure based on encouraging new activities leads also through integrated programmes. Regional policy realisation in the CEECs depends on the institutional framework created in the dependence of the habits applied by the past political regime of the relevant country. The basic issue for the sustainable development of rural areas can be seen in diversification of agricultural activities, creation of small firms and development of tourism together with sustaining the countryside specifics.
9
Negoita, Silvius Ioan, Romeo Victor Ionescu, Monica Laura Zlati, Valentin Marian Antohi e Alexandru Nechifor. "New Regional Dynamic Cancer Model across the European Union". Cancers 15, n. 9 (28 aprile 2023): 2545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15092545.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Can increasing levels of economic wealth significantly influence changes in cancer incidence and mortality rates? Methods: We investigated this issue by means of regression analyses based on the study of incidence and mortality indicators for lip, oral cavity, and pharyngeal; colon; pancreatic; lung; leukaemia; brain and central nervous system cancers in correlation with the levels of economic welfare and financial allocations to health at the level of the European Union member states, with the exception of Luxembourg and Cyprus for which there are no official statistical data reported. Results: The results of the study showed that there were significant disparities both regionally and by gender, requiring corrective public policy measures that were formulated in this study. Conclusions: The conclusions highlight the main findings of the study in terms of the evolution of the disease, present the significant aspects that characterise the evolution of each type of cancer during the period analysed (1993–2021), and highlight the novelty and limitations of the study and future directions of research. As a result, increasing economic welfare is a potential factor in halting the effects of cancer incidence and mortality at the population level, while the financial allocations to health of EU member countries’ budgets are a drawback due to large regional disparities.
10
Protić, Marina. "European Union Investment Funds in the Western Balkans with International Audit Standards". Dialogue and Universalism 32, n. 3 (2022): 263–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/du202232351.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The European Union conceives IPA preaccession assistance funds as an instrument of support to the countries of the Western Balkans in the process of European integra-tion. The components of assistance include the most important spheres of public life, embracing regional integration and service economy as segments of social development of the countries. The regional interconnection is realized through various forms of cross-border cooperation between countries in their accession to the European Union project. In order to use the funds, joint local and regional initiatives are formulated in the context of achieving sustainable economic and social development. Those projects comprise adequate arrangements for all relevant subjects with the use of modern technologies and modalities of implementation. Funds contribute to the improvement of inter-state cooperation, reducing regional disparities and ensuring balanced development of the Balkan countries. The generally accepted international auditing rules and standards recognize financial statements, in order to determine the accuracy of project implementation.
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Belinska, Stefaniia, Izabela Adamičková, Natália Turčeková, Miriam Buliková e Peter Bielik. "Regional Disparities in the European Union from the Perspective of Environmental Context Indicators". Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development 9, n. 2 (1 novembre 2020): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2020-0007.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The agricultural sector is one of the most important sectors of the countries’ economies and agricultural production has a huge socio-economic importance. In the current conditions of globalization and diversification of production, agriculture tries to achieve continuous development, realization of the potential, growth of the quantity and quality of the agricultural production, ensuring food security of the country. The quantitative and qualitative development of the agricultural sector takes place within a certain system, which is created under the influence of economic, social, and environmental factors based on innovations associated with transformation. These components of the current development of the agricultural sector are undergoing constant transformations, leading to the imbalances and the emergence of destructive processes within the complex system of the agricultural sector. Exploring regional disparities in terms of environmental and economic context indicators of CAP is strategically important for the stable rural and regional development of countries, increasing the competitiveness of agriculture, and sustainable and integrated development of regions. Based on the results of the calculations, we confirmed the effect of catching up between poorer and richer EU countries and identified the future trends in the occurrence and reduction of regional disparities.
12
Godziszewski, Bartosz, Michał Kruszka e Marcin Puziak. "Income Distribution and Regional Convergence in Poland and the European Union". Olsztyn Economic Journal 8, n. 1 (31 marzo 2013): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/oej.3199.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The main aim of this paper is to analyze regional convergence in the period 1995-2007 in Poland and European Union. Main hypothesis is statement that convergence (understood as reducing income disparities) perceived from system wide perspective is not identical with diminishing income disparity among inhabitants of regions in particular countries, even though broad range of EU cohesion policy means were applied. The analysis was carried out in several steps. Initially, the authors referred to the classical convergence hypotheses (unconditional ß convergence) within the EU-27, then the same assumptions were examined taking into account population - weighted indicators. However, the main aim of research undertaken in this study was to investigate the regional (within - country) distribution of income for the selected years. The results allows to state that despite growing mean income in the analyzed systems (EU-27 and Poland ) and strong support by EU funding, one can observe increased disparities between regions.
13
Kramar, Hans. "Economic convergence on different spatial levels: the conflict between cohesion and growth". Raumforschung und Raumordnung 64, n. 1 (31 gennaio 2006): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03183103.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The analysis of economic disparities within the European Union strongly depends on the regional level considered. Whereas the economic gap between the member states has decreased over the last decades, regional disparities have rather deepened. The reason for these contradictory findings can be found in the increasing disparities within many of the member states: Especially in growing economies the gap between urban centres and rural peripheries tends to widen. The spatial concentration of research and development, high skilled labour, infrastructure and foreign investment in the capitals will therefore supposably become a big challenge for the accession countries, which will have to face increasing international competition. Joining a common market of more than 450 million people means new opportunities, challenges and threats for economic development, which have to be faced by local, regional and national governments as well as by European institutions. EU-policies act in the dichotomy between the conflicting goals of economic growth and cohesion. Since they strongly influence regional conditions for production it is of great political interest whether a certain measure fosters economic efficiency by favouring the highly developed centres or rather enhances convergence by promoting lagging regions. The answer is, however, not trivial and needs closer examination: Measures encouraging regional cohesion on the European level can also increase disparities within a state or a region at the same time. This is the reason why the regional effects of EU-policies have to be analysed on different spatial levels. Dealing with the spatial impacts of various European Policies (Regional Policy, TransEuropean Networks, Common Agricultural Policy, Research and Technological Development Policy) there is some evidence that these policies try to compensate the effects of growing competition in the common market by concentrating their efforts on urban growth poles within the underdeveloped countries. Doing that, the European Union comes up to the two conflicting goals of growth and cohesion by promoting efficient economic development in the member states on the one hand and regional convergence on the European level on the other. This approach is of course mainly directed at European objectives and brings about new problems for the member states: According to the principle of subsidiarity the growing divergence within the member states is, however, not a policy task of the European Union but of the member states: Therefore national politics are still required to take on responsibility for these intranational problems by adopting their transport, regional and economic policies to the new challenge.
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IGNATOV, AUGUSTIN. "ANALYZING THE DETERMINANTS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION’S REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT". Global Economy Journal 19, n. 01 (marzo 2019): 1950002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2194565919500027.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The European Union (EU) is a heterogeneous political and economic structure comprising 28 nations, differing in terms of size, population, economic development and institutional efficiency. National socio-economic context determines countries’ growth potential and their ability to compete for foreign markets. The socio-economic discrepancies present, respectively, between the Western, Northern, Southern and Eastern EU nations still persist, thus reducing the community’s ability to compete on the global market, especially with the USA, Japan and China, which are considered the main powerhouses of the world’s economy capable of challenging economic positions of the European Union. Consequently, the present research aims to assess to which extent economic growth determinants in the European Union differ taking into account the regional context. An individual per region regression analysis was developed intending to identify which are the determinants of economic development at the level of EU’s geographical regions. The results reached confirm this assumption underlining the fact that there are significant dissimilarities between the motivators of economic progress in the EU. This fact should particularly concern the European elites as these variations determine the further accentuation of development disparities not only among the countries but also between entire groups of states.
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Gil, Carlos, Pedro Pascual e Manuel Rapún. "Regional Allocation of Structural Funds in the European Union". Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 20, n. 5 (ottobre 2002): 655–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c21m.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Economic disparities among the regions of the European Union are more pronounced than among countries. Structural Funds have played a crucial compensatory role, promoting the economic development and real convergence of lagging regions. The amount of resources destined to regional policy and the conflicts arising from its funding and distribution create the need for an adequate theoretical foundation or model to help politicians solve the distribution problem. In this paper we propose an empirical procedure to carry out and evaluate different distributions of funds for the periods 1989 – 93 and 1994 – 99. We begin with the estimation of an augmented production function to permit the calculation of the expected GDP per capita. We then propose a nonlinear programming method to simulate alternative distributions of Structural Funds among Objective 1 regions, based upon two different approaches: equal development, and equal opportunities. For these two approaches we calculate different possibilities, ranging from highly efficient to highly equitable, with the result that we are able to show the ‘frontier’ of optimal distributions. Finally, we evaluate these results and compare them with the real distribution.
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Madžović, Ilhana. "Opportunities and constraints in regional development of Republic of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina on the path to European Union membership". Zbornik radova Departmana za geografiju, turizam i hotelijerstvo, n. 52-1 (2023): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zbdght2301053m.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
One of the most crucial aspects of the economic development of European Union (EU) candidate countries is regional development. The importance and necessity of regional development and country regionalization in the process of European integration has frequently been emphasized by the European Union. Regionalization of Republic of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina will facilitate economic growth across all areas, lessen regional disparities and improve the effectiveness of the decentralization process. The completion of this challenging and crucial work will move the nations closer to becoming EU members. The article describes Republic of Serbia's and Bosnia and Herzegovina's journey toward European integration from its inception to the present, the EU's position on the Western Balkans, and the potential and constraints they bring for regional growth. The aim of the article is to demonstrate the significance of regional development in Republic of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as the necessity of regional development for achieving full EU membership.
17
Kurek, Sławomir. "Przestrzenne zróżnicowanie poziomu rozwoju regionalnego w Unii Europejskiej w świetle wybranych mierników". Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 16 (1 gennaio 2010): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.16.9.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of this article is to show spatial disparities in the level of regional socio-economic development of the European Union, basing on selected demographic, social and economic indexes derived from the Eurostat database. For the comparison, EFTA regions as well as some candidate countries (Croatia) were taken into account. The analysis was made with the help of taxonomic methods, namely the taxonomic development index as well as cluster analysis based on the k-means method. The analysis confirmed existing disparities between eastern and western Europe, “old” and “new” European Union members, as well as between core and peripheral regions. The largest differences were recorded in terms of gross domestic product per inhabitant and household income. Having taken into account the period under study, it may be stated that the process of enlarging of EU leads to deepening of disproportion between its regions. The highest level of regional development was presented by the belt of urbanized area with the population of nearly 90 million, stretching from England through the Benelux countries, northern France, middle and southern Germany, Austria, Switzerland to northern Italy, called Blue Banana, Hot Banana, European Megalopolis or European Backbone.Existing demographic and socio-economic disparities between UE regions pose a challenge for regional policy to enhance its social, economic and territorial cohesion on one hand and to increase competitiveness between regions on the other, by investments in economy based on knowledge, increasing entrepreneurship, as well as increasing the potential in the R&D sector and developing IT technology.
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Qineti, A., E. Matejková, M. Pietriková, R. Serenčeš, M. Tóth e M. Dvořak. "Looking for the evidence of socio-economic convergence within the European Union". Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 57, No. 8 (23 agosto 2011): 384–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/93/2011-agricecon.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the evidence and impact of the EU integration between 1999 and 2009 on the EU regional economic growth and the socio-economic convergence. A regional convergence analysis is performed in order to examine if the EU overall aim of convergence is reached. The main growth- and convergence theories are used as the theoretical framework and form the study's hypothesis. The results show that an absolute β-convergence exists between the EU member states as well as regions. However, the σ-convergence is not confirmed, meaning that that the disparities between the regions are rather increasing than decreasing. Perhaps a possible reason why the σ-convergence does not occur at the EU level is that it is easier for smaller regions which are more similar to each other to converge than for larger regions which tend to be more dissimilar to each other. This reasoning is in line with the convergence theories which state that smaller regions within a country are more likely to converge towards each other in the absolute sense than countries. On the other hand, the EU countries and regions tend to convergence in the tasks like unemployment rate, showing that they are not successful in resolving this difficult task. One of the main reasons of the high unemployment in all EU member states is their structural problem in the respective economies, consequently reflected in the long-term unemployment. The EU countries tend to convergence in terms of inequality as well, showing that they are egalitarian in character.
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Baer-Nawrocka, Agnieszka, e Wioleta Barczak. "PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF HOLDINGS SPECIALIZING IN COW MILK PRODUCTION IN MACROREGIONS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION – A TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS". Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXII, n. 1 (8 febbraio 2020): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7982.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this paper was to classify FADN macroregions in the European Union into types by production potential of farms specializing in cow milk production in 2008 and 2017. The production of cow milk is one of the most important branches of animal production both in Poland and other European Union countries, therefore it is the subject of numerous publications. Most often, cow milk production is the subject of research in global terms, European Union countries or regional diversity in Poland. Relatively rarely does the subject of milk production cover a regional approach throughout the European Union. Due to dynamic changes in factors affecting milk production and, in particular, the abolition of the cow milk production quota system in EU countries in 2015, it is important to continue to monitor changes in the milk market, especially on the supply side. Hellwig’s method was employed in the calculation of the synthetic indicator of production potential for each macroregion in order to determine types. The study demonstrated that the most advantageous characteristics of the production potential of milk farms, in both years covered, were mostly reported by EU-15 macroregions located in western and northern Europe. Macroregions of new member countries, except Slovakia, were less competitive in terms of their potential. As demonstrated by this analysis, development disparities persist between milk farms located in different EU macroregions.
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Gajdová, K., e P. Tuleja. "Regional Disparities in the Economic Sphere: Evidence from the Selected Countries of the European Union". Journal of Economics, Business and Management 3, n. 1 (2015): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/joebm.2015.v3.152.
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Cefalo, Ruggero, Rosario Scandurra e Yuri Kazepov. "Youth Labor Market Integration in European Regions". Sustainability 12, n. 9 (7 maggio 2020): 3813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093813.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Countries’ institutional configurations and structural characteristics play an important role in shaping transitions from school to work. Recent empirical evidence shows significant regional and territorial differences in youth unemployment and labor market participation. Along this research strand, we argue in favor of a place-sensitive approach to youth labor market integration in order to address the regional disparities of young people’s opportunities. In order to investigate the synergic effect of different contextual configurations, we construct a composite measure, namely, the youth labor market integration (YLMI) index. This considers a wide range of indicators of the access, exclusion, and duration of the transition into employment at the regional level. The YLMI index allows cross-regional and longitudinal comparisons of the European Union (EU) local labor markets and youth employment opportunities.
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Mikulić, Davor, Željko Lovrinčević e Andrea Galić Nagyszombaty. "Regional Convergence in the European Union, new Member States and Croatia". South East European Journal of Economics and Business 8, n. 1 (1 marzo 2013): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jeb-2013-0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Over the past two decades, the issue of regional convergence in the European Union has been the subject of a wide range of empirical research. This paper aims to provide more information on the differences in regional growth patterns of new member states (NMS), as well as Croatia, in addition to the factors influencing regional disparities within each country. This research provides an analysis of regional convergence in the period 2001-2008 at the NUTS II and NUTS III level. The most widely used model for testing convergence hypotheses is beta-convergence analysis. Other factors commonly included in the econometric modelling of convergence are demographic variables, labour market conditions, industrial structure, institutional factors and overall government policy. The main hypothesis is that the process of regional convergence in NMS and Croatia is not strong enough to dominate over other factors, influencing regional potential growth (mainly industry structure and quality of human capital). Absolute β-convergence can be found at the national level for EU countries. Convergence also can be found for NMS regions, but the pace of convergence on the regional level is lower in comparison to the national level and the estimated β-convergence parameter is less significant.
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Crudu, Rodica. "The influence of fiscal policy on income inequality in European Union’s member states". Business Systems & Economics 5, n. 1 (9 giugno 2015): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.13165/vse-15-5-1-05.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Poor growth performance over the past decades in Europe has increased concerns for rising income discrepancies and social exclusion. European authorities have recently launched the Europe 2020 strategy which aims to improve social inclusion in Europe on top of already existing European regional policies aiming to reduce regional disparities through stimulating growth in areas where incomes are relatively low. While it is most common to confine measures of inequality to national borders, the existence of such union-wide objectives and policies motivates measuring income dispersion among all Europeans in this paper. Fiscal policy is a powerful tool that changes the distribution of income in either direction, up or down. In this context, the present paper reviews the evolution of income inequality in EU member countries and figures out how fiscal policy (direct taxes) has influenced these outcomes. The paper also examines the contributions of both tax and expenditure policies in reducing income inequality in the EU, highlighting fiscal policy’s impact in different EU member countries.
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Manea, Gheorghe Cosmin. "Theories and Strategies of Economic Development in the Region". Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 14, n. 1 (1 luglio 2020): 984–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2020-0093.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThe concern for increasing macroeconomic stability is specific to both, small and large countries within the European Community. In that paper are presented ways in which are made links between the states of the world policies and economies development characteristics. That study has imposed a new type of characterization sustained by the national economies manifestation whose is correlated with the interaction between governmental policies and also with national and regional factors. This interaction is conditioned by specify effect of the economic, scientific, demographic, social and cultural development of each country, part of European Union. Taking into account all the imminent obstacles over the years of nations existence, is demonstrated that the European Union is supposed over and over of a new development process, being considered one of the most economically prosperous areas in the world and also one of the most competitive. However, major weaknesses arise due to the existence of significant disparities in prosperity and productivity between Member States and component regions. The complexity of the regional development policy arises at the level of the European Union, from its objective of reducing the economic and social disparities existing between the different region of Europe’s that was and will be an objective that it has implications on important areas for development, such as economic growth, labor force, transport, agriculture, urban development, environmental protection, education. Registered at different levels (local, regional, national and European) - regional policy, deals with the coordination of the different sectors and with the cooperation between the decision levels and the balancing of the financial resources. The conclusion is related with the idea of a must follow regional development economies starting from national level respecting a certain dynamic. That aspect must also take into account the continuous changes determined by the restructuring of the production and the increase of the competitiveness at national and local level.
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Kettunen, L. "Finnish agriculture after the accession into the European union". Acta Agronomica Hungarica 48, n. 1 (1 maggio 2000): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.48.2000.1.13.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The preconditions for agriculture are in general worse in Finland than in most EU countries. The growing period is shorter and the effective temperature sum is lower. Mainly due to the unfavourable natural conditions the yield level in Finland is low in comparison with the EU countries. Finnish farms are considerably smaller than farms in the most important EU countries. Regional income disparities are a great problem. The Finnish producer prices were a lot higher than in the EU. It was clear that Finnish agriculture would face great difficulties after accession into the EU. The agricultural chapter of the Accession Treaty can be divided into three groups: conditions related to production; agreements on the support system; and the arrangements concerning the transitional period. It was important for Finland to reach an adequate level of support. Finally Finland was allowed to pay nordic support which was a new form in the support system of the EU. This nordic support is paid on the basis of the hectares of agricultural land or heads of animals. The support for the transitional period may be paid for only five years. This support must be regional and degressive. If serious difficulties should appear the EU Commission may authorise Finland to grant national support to facilitate full integration. In 1995, the year of accession, the producer prices went down considerably. Agricultural income has fallen by 36% in 1998 compared to 1994. In spite of this no collapse in production has occurred. In general, agricultural production has kept its preaccession level. Rapid rationalisation and various supports have helped farmers to trust in agriculture.
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Mitrică, Bianca, Radu Săgeată, Irena Mocanu, Ines Grigorescu e Monica Dumitraşcu. "Competitiveness and cohesion in Romania's regional development: a territorial approach". Geodetski vestnik 65, n. 03 (settembre 2021): 440–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15292/geodetski-vestnik.2021.03.440-458.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The assessment of the socio-economic disparities at the regional level is one of the priority development topics. In particular, in formerly socialistic-planned countries, the development driven by the transition period, the accession to the European Union and the economic crisis, the regional disparities are present. The main aim of the research has been to identify the most competitive and the most cohesive Development Regions in Romania by computing, mapping and analysing two secondary indices (Territorial Competitiveness and Territorial Cohesion). Overall, the investigation shows that economic performance is more consolidated in central and western regions based on their mature and innovative industries, better-developed services and urbanisation/suburbanisation processes, while the eastern and southern development regions, with predominantly rural traits, experienced a significant industrial decline and social deprivation. The most competitive Development Region is Bucharest-Ilfov, given the advantage conferred by Bucharest Capital City, the main economic and social polarising centre in Romania. For reducing regional disparities, the Cohesion Policy should allocate increased funds for countries with least developed regions. The study provides the result of quantitative and qualitative analysis on the regional-level territorial disparities in Romania that could easily be considered as guidelines in the decision-making process while trying to achieve the competitiveness and cohesion goals.
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Dyba, Wojciech, Bradley Loewen, Jaan Looga e Pavel Zdražil. "Regional Development in Central-Eastern European Countries at the Beginning of the 21st Century: Path Dependence and Effects of EU Cohesion Policy". Quaestiones Geographicae 37, n. 2 (26 aprile 2018): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2018-0017.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Cohesion Policy has provided new impulses for development in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) that continue to be challenged by regional disparities. This paper investigates the effects of the European Union Cohesion Policy on regional development. After presenting historical development patterns of the investigated area and opportunities afforded by this policy, its effects on a variety of indicators are analysed for the period 2007–2014. The analysis allowed confirming positive effects of EU Cohesion Policy on the development of CEE regions. However, these effects differ across the investigated area. Moving forward, it will be crucial to develop institutions and policies characteristic to each region that are stable and efficient without external funds.
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Tvrdoň, Michal, e Karel Skokan. "REGIONAL DISPARITIES AND THE WAYS OF THEIR MEASUREMENT: THE CASE OF THE VISEGRAD FOUR COUNTRIES / REGIONINIAI SKIRTUMAI IR JŲ MATAVIMO BŪDAI: KETURIŲ VYŠEGRADO ŠALIŲ ATVEJIS". Technological and Economic Development of Economy 17, n. 3 (4 ottobre 2011): 501–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2011.603485.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Real convergence of countries within European Union is measured mostly at the national level by the indicator of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Generally, countries with relatively low GDP per capita should catch-up with richer ones and this has become the main objective of post-communist countries at the beginning of the transition process. However, when we look at the regional level and regional GDP per capita data in these countries one can assume that the intensity of real convergence strongly differs among regions and disparities between regions still prevail. The paper attempts to identify factors responsible for persistence of regional disparities in the Visegrad Four countries. In the paper, available Eurostat NUTS 3 statistical data were used for analysis of economic disparities development in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. The paper has two main parts. In the first theoretical part approaches to regional disparities and their measurement on the basis of indexes are provided. The second, empirical, part contains description of the main trends in regional development of Visegrad Four countries. This is followed by comparison of these trends in the Visegrad Four regions. Calculations suggested conclusion that the regional disparities between regions are growing. Santrauka Tikroji Europos Sajungos šalių konvergencija nacionaliniu lygiu dažniausiai matuojama bendruoju vidaus produktu (BVP), tenkančiu vienam gyventojui. Apskritai pagrindinis pokomunistinių šalių tikslas pereinamojo proceso pradžioje – pasivyti turtingesnes šalis pagal BVP vienam gyventojui. Tačiau pažvelgus į duomenis, matyti, kad regioninių skirtumų vis dar yra. Straipsnyje siekiama nustatyti veiksnius, nuo kurių priklauso keturių Vyšegrado šalių regioniniai skirtumai. Šiame straipsnyje, naudojant ”Eurostat“ NUTS statistinius duomenis, buvo analizuojami Čekijos, Vengrijos, Lenkijos ir Slovakijos ekonominio vystymosi skirtumai. Straipsnis padalytas į dvi pagrindines dalis: pirmojoje dalyje išdėstyti regioninių skirtumų matavimo pagrindai, antrojoje, empirinėje, dalyje aprašomos pagrindinės keturių Vyšegrado šalių regioninės plėtros tendencijos. Šios tendencijos palygintos. Skaičiavimai atskleidė, kad regioniniai skirtumai didėja.
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Calignano, Giuseppe. "Nanotechnology as a proxy to capture regional economic development? New findings from the European Union Framework Programmes". Nanotechnology Reviews 6, n. 2 (1 aprile 2017): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2016-0028.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThe European Union has included nanotechnology in the Key Enabling Technologies helping countries to tackle current and future societal challenges thanks to their applications in multiple industries. Furthermore, one theme named “Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies, Materials and New Production Technologies” was included in the Sixth and Seventh Framework Programmes with the purpose of financing organizations specifically involved in nanotechnology activities. The empirical analysis presented in this paper aims to reconstruct the participation of the Italian private, public and public-private organizations at the regional level in the European Union nanotechnology network. The hypothesis is that a high share of private organizations and a well-balanced proportion of private and public entities are beneficial for knowledge circulation potentially leading to innovation. This paper confirms the findings of other recent studies by revealing that the participation of private, public and public-private organizations at the European Union level overlaps the distribution of the nanotechnology activities in Italy and the regional disparities in the country. More in general, this paper strengthens the concept that the interdisciplinary nature of nanotechnology and the collaborations fostered by the Framework Programmes enable researchers to capture regional economic development from a global viewpoint.
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Blanco, Miguel, Lydia Bares e Marcos Ferasso. "Analysis of Regional Efficiency in the Use of the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (FEMP) in the Eurozone Countries". Fishes 7, n. 2 (22 febbraio 2022): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes7020053.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The European Union (EU) launched the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) in the 1970s. Currently, a large part of the CFP has been financed with the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (FEMP). This research aims to determine whether there is a high degree of homogeneity in the levels of efficiency achieved by the fishing projects financed by European Funds for the period 2014 to 2020. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology was adopted. The main results showed that there is a high degree of heterogeneity in the level of efficiency achieved by European countries during the analyzed period. Moreover, despite the fact that regional efficiency has been increasing during the years under study, territorial disparities persist over time. This research provides a contribution for policymakers targeting better use of the FEMP funds for the upcoming funding package 2021–2027.
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Kuklin, Oleg, e Mykhailo Kryvoruchko. "INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF INTERREGIONAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONVERGENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION: INTERDISCIPLINARY METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH DEVELOPMENT". Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, n. 2 (13 maggio 2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-2-80-85.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Relevance. The problem of interregional convergence within EU-countries has been of great interest among scholars. Such an interest is explained by the fact that joining the European Union may cause deepening interregional disparities among EU-members. As a result, there is a need to develop a model of interregional convergence in socio-economic development that would help countries to face the challenges of regional development during the process of European integration. The multidimensional nature of issues relating to interregional disparities implies the usage of an institutional approach that allows an analysis combining economic and non-economic factors. The purpose of this paper is to develop an interdisciplinary methodological approach to the analysis of interregional socio-economic convergence in the context of European integration from the institutional perspective. Methodological basis. Valuable and very interesting studies along this research line have been undertaken by a number of scholars who have used different methodological approaches that include neoclassical analysis, “core-periphery” theory, institutionalism, “resource abundance curse” phenomenon. The outcomes of their studies serve as a solid ground for in-depth research on interregional convergence that allows analysing this phenomenon from different perspectives. However, the issues regarding the regional dimension of institutional influence on the socio-economic development in the context of European integration have not been thoroughly covered in the economic studies. Results. Based on analysis of theoretical and empirical studies in the areas of interregional disparities and institutional economics, the interdisciplinary methodological approach has been developed, which implies reaching the following objectives: 1) to analyse interregional disparities in EU-members within the framework of neo-classical growth theory, 2) to examine regional dynamics using methodology of “core-periphery” theory (“New Economic Geography”); 3) to research the presence of “resource abundance curse” phenomenon in the regional development in the EU-countries; 4) to examine the institutional dimension of interregional disparities; 5) to analyse position papers on the EU Cohesion Policy implementation to outline the institutional challenges of the latter. Therefore, the research output allows developing an interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of the institutional aspect of socio-economic convergence that combines a quantitative (empirical) and qualitative analysis.
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Pawera, René, Lívia Bott Domonkos e Richard Hakszer. "Impact Analysis of Slovak- Hungarian Cross Border Cooperation Projects". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 3, n. 3 (2017): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.33.1001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cooperation is the key to a better Europe. European Union supports territorial cooperation between border-regions, especially in the border settlements. Border regions, towns and districts promote cooperation as a tool for growth and change through policy development and strategic orientation within territorial cooperation and beyond regional development. Regional disparities in Slovakia are actually the highest among EU countries and the Cohesion policy tries to balance with European standards. The aim of the study is to analyze the impact of projects on disparity and economic growth in border areas mainly in the context of Slovak indicators. The comparative study also hypothesis whether the cross-border region in Hungary and Slovakia behave differently in terms of absorption in the 2007-2013 programming period. Besides, as for methodology, it was used various types such as statistical data, convergence analysis by disparities, comparative studies, absorptions maps of CBC projects, cohesion analysis of the region. Finally, it is focusing on future prognosis and possible trend of the current 2014-2020 period.
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Pishchik, V. Ya. "Institutional Mechanisms for Regulating External Imbalances in the European Economic and Monetary Union". Economics, taxes & law 11, n. 6 (26 dicembre 2018): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/1999-849x-2018-11-6-131-142.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The relevance of the research is driven by the need to reveal modern factors and specifics of structural financial imbalances typical for regional integrated associations by an example of the European Union and to assess new mechanisms for regulation of disparities and investment cooperation development in a region. The subject of the research is the factors, trends and consequences of the division of EU countries into creditors and debtors by parameters of external debt financing; structure and directions of cross-border financial flows; and net international investment position based on the analysis of statistics related to types, structure and scale of external imbalances in the euro area as well as to methods and institutional mechanisms for their regulation. The purposes of the research were to reveal the acuteness of external imbalances in the countries of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in the financial sphere as a factor of macroeconomic destabilization in the region and systematize measures for strengthening and development of various institutional mechanisms to level off the remaining structural imbalances and expand the channels of investment in the real economy as part of the project to create a sustainable renovated EMU in the period until 2025 It is concluded that new more developed forms of regional financial integration, including the creation of the Banking Union and the Union of Capital Markets, the European Monetary Fund and the European Fund for Strategic Investment, are strategically important as effective institutions for regulation of external financing imbalances and support of investment in the economic development.
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Kocziszky, György, e Dóra Szendi. "Regional Disparities of the Social Innovation Potential in the Visegrad Countries: Causes and Consequences". European Journal of Social Science Education and Research 5, n. 1 (1 aprile 2018): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ejser-2018-0004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The international literature is paying significant and increasing attention to the analysis of the regions’ innovation potential, and its active contribution to economic growth and competitiveness. Beside the classical, technical innovation, also the social innovation is getting even more emphasis. It can solve as alternative basically in the case of the peripheral territories. The convergence of peripheries is a stressed priority in the European Union. The territorial disparities are resulting in significant social and political problems also in the case of the Visegrad countries’ regions. The authors in their research represent a possible method for the measurement of regional (NUTS-2) level social innovation potential on the example of the Visegrad countries, and they also analyse the causes and consequences of disparities. The applied complex social innovation index can be calculated as a result of three pillars (economic, social, culture and attitude), and several components. As a result of the created patterns can be concluded that compared to the economic indicators, the disadvantage of the peripheries is not so significant in the case of the social innovation index, because of the complex character of the index. In the second part of the research, the authors analyse and evaluate also the methods, which can be adequate for increasing the social innovation potential.
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McCarthy, Linda. "European Economic Integration and Urban Inequalities in Western Europe". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 32, n. 3 (marzo 2000): 391–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3189.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Recent processes of European integration have influenced profoundly the fortunes of cities across Western Europe. Although some cities have benefited, others have been impacted adversely. Income inequalities result from economic growth differentials occurring between different cities over time. The theoretical literature differs on whether increased integration promotes or reduces income disparities. The European Union (EU) assumes that rising inequalities will impair EU growth and lead to even greater disparities. Empirical analysis has concentrated on the EU-defined regions because of problems of urban data availability and comparability. Using regional data, I identified that the overall level of inequalities changed little for the metropolitan regions between the early 1980s and the early 1990s. Urban disparities were cyclical—decreasing during strong EU growth and increasing in slower growth years. Factors outside direct local government control, including relative location within Europe, reinforced the traditional strong-core—weak-periphery spatial pattern of development. I argue that additional factors specific to cities, such as limited EU urban policy and funding, contributed to overall higher and more sharply rising inequalities since the late 1980s for cities compared with regions. The positive linear relationship between levels of national income and urban disparities has implications for economic polarization within richer member states and for EU efforts to reduce inequalities by raising the level of development in poorer countries.
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Strożek, Piotr. "Comparative Analysis of the Level of Knowledge-based Part of Economies in European Union Countries with KAM Methodology". Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 15, n. 4 (8 marzo 2013): 249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10103-012-0039-1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article presents regional classification of EU countries according to the knowledge development of economy, which in these days is treated as fundamental factor of international competitiveness. This differentiation created with Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) and Knowledge Index (KI), which are use by The World Bank in Knowledge Assessment Methodology (KAM). In the analysis used four main pillars (i.e. The Economic Incentive and Institutional Regime, The Innovation System, Education and Human Resources, Information and Communication Technology), which showed relation between individual components. The purpose of this article is to identify disparities in the use of knowledge in socio-economic life in the EU countries. This research was conducted with use of the cluster analysis (tools belonging to multidimensional comparative analysis).
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Tudor, Carissa L., e Hilary Appel. "Is Eastern Europe to Blame for Falling Corporate Taxes in Europe?" East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 30, n. 4 (27 settembre 2016): 855–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325416663834.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
When a dozen new countries joined the European Union in the mid-2000s, political tensions spiked over disparities in corporate income tax rates. Since the time of enlargement, leaders have tried repeatedly to enhance corporate tax coordination within the EU, as a result of fears of downward pressure on corporate tax rates and states’ weakening ability to collect revenues. At the same time, leaders from new member states in Eastern Europe with low corporate tax rates have contended that regional efforts to coordinate tax policies are not worthwhile, given that corporate tax competition is a global phenomenon. This article argues that corporate tax competition is more acute at the regional than the global level. While corporate tax rates are falling inside and outside the EU, we demonstrate using a large multiyear, multiregional data set that Eastern European countries have extremely low corporate tax rates relative to other EU and non-EU countries, even when controlling for multiple domestic economic and political factors. These findings support the potential efficacy of pursuing regional corporate tax reform to address the downward spiraling of rates in the EU.
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Wójcik, Piotr. "Was Poland the next Spain? Parallel analysis of regional convergence patterns after accession to the European Union". Equilibrium 12, n. 4 (31 dicembre 2017): 593–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.v12i4.31.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Research background: Poland and Spain share many common features resulting both from similarities of historical experience, and also cultural, political, socio-demographic factors. Both countries have a similar area, population and GDP structure. They also share historical experience related to political and economic transformation after a long period of non-democratic, centralized governments. Therefore, the experience of Spanish membership in the EU is often considered as a model for Poland.
Purpose of the article: The purpose of this research is to perform a comparative empirical analysis of income convergence processes in Poland and Spain on a regional level. We aim to verify if and how these processes are related to one an-other (show similar paths). Special attention is paid to the periods after accession of these countries to the EU. Convergence patterns in both countries are compared with several tools.
Methods: Spatial econometric model for absolute beta convergence, sigma convergence indicators and the analysis of distribution dynamics — transition matrices and kernel density estimation.
Findings & Value added: The impact on EU accession on income convergence in Spain was positive both at the national and regional level. Regional convergence processes sped-up and interregional disparities decreased. The poorest subregions had relatively high probability to increase their income and catch-up with initially more developed regions. In the first decade after accession to the EU Poland has also achieved a significant improvement of income indicators at the national level. However, empirical analyses of GDP per capita distribution and its dynamics at the regional level in Poland show that the above mentioned progress does not spread out proportionally on all regions. Neither beta nor sigma convergence is observed. Instead, relatively fastest growth of initially richest regions (mostly large cities) introduces convergence of clubs leading to polarization. EU accession has accelerated divergence processes in Poland.
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Strutynskyi, Vladyslav. "The 30th Anniversary of Viszegrad Group Creation: Historical Significance, Past Achievements and Upcoming Challenges". Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, n. 43 (15 giugno 2021): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2021.43.83-94.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Embracing the Central European historical experience, the author delves into the problem of political and economic preconditions for the creation of the union of the Central European states – the Republic of Poland, the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, the Republic of Hungary, which went down in history as the Visegrád Group (V-4, В-4). The author highlights the critical steps taken by the Visegrád group countries and the past achievements throughout its 30-year activities, the peculiarities of V4 internal and external collaboration in the context of their aspirations for the EU accession, and further road-mapping in defending their positions in rather complex European integration processes. The article presents an in-depth analysis of certain V-4 member states’ actions in the context of their influence on the formation of European Union policy, in particular during their presidency of the EU Council. The author’s focus revolves around certain disparities of the Visegrád 4 member states on their strategy of further development. The push-pull factors and preconditions that induced these countries to understand the value of regional solidarity in the development of European policy priorities during the EU crisis are under study. From a 30-year perspective, this multifaceted aspect of Visegrád group 4 functioning stipulates both the research topicality and various scientists’ involvement – historians, political scientists, and lawyers. In view of that, the research article presents insights for the Visegrad group 4 creation, its historical significance, past achievements and new perspectives for cooperation with neighbouring countries, in particular with Ukraine. The objective of the research is: - to characterize the historical preconditions for the creation of the Visegrád Group; - to analyse the stages of development and enhancement of V 4 countries cooperation aimed at their incorporation into the European integration process; - to highlight the projections of fruitful cooperation between Ukraine and the international intergovernmental organization “Visegrád Four”.
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Šostar, Marko, Vladimir Ristanović e Chamaru de Alwis. "Application of Successful EU Funds Absorption Models to Sustainable Regional Development". Economies 11, n. 9 (22 agosto 2023): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies11090220.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The research paper comprehensively and consistently addresses all relevant theoretical areas related to the topic and includes an extensive empirical analysis of the absorption of EU funds and their impact on the sustainable development of Croatia, Slovenia, Hungary, and Poland. The analysis aims to investigate the efficiency of the absorption of funds from the EU, the impact of these funds on regional development of countries, and the reasons for such impacts. The “Regional Development Model Based on EU Funds” was tested with the aim of applying the model to the Republic of Croatia, countries in the region, and other European countries, to achieve a higher level of absorption of financial resources from the available EU funds. Data for the empirical analysis were collected using a highly structured survey questionnaire completed by a sample of 244 respondents involved in the preparation and implementation of EU-funded projects. The contribution of economic science in theoretical terms arises from the development of scientific knowledge and ideas about the importance of increasing the number of development projects that will increase the absorption of funds from the European Union, thereby increasing economic activities in Croatia and the region. The expected contribution of economic science in the applied sense is based on the formulation of the “Regional Development Model Based on EU Funds”, which is based on the application of knowledge, good practices, and stakeholder experiences, considering relevant indicators from available sources. The greatest contribution is demonstrated through testing the “Regional Development Model Based on EU Funds”, which is applicable to the Republic of Croatia, countries in the region, and other European countries over a longer period. Finally, research into the impact of EU funds on the regional development of recipient countries is considerably less represented and very modest, and is only in the “upswing” of systematic scientific research. The research aims to fill the gaps in research and to encourage the thinking of key stakeholders responsible for regional development, who should eventually realize the importance of defining a regional policy aimed at EU funds as a key to regional development and reducing regional disparities within countries.
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Mačanga, Martin, e Martin Plešivčák. "Geographical context of energy prices in the European Union Member States with special emphasis on the Slovak Republic". Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 24, n. 24 (1 giugno 2014): 135–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2014-0019.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The issue of energy prices presents an extremely topical subject with a major impact on human society. Energy demand is constantly increasing and most regions of the world are facing serious difficulties in ensuring sufficient energy supplies. However, not only global events affect energy prices in the particular country. National energy markets are highly specific and some local factors may also prove significant. In our contribution we focus on the Slovak Republic and try to analyze the major political and economic factors affecting the final price of energy, particularly of gas and electricity. We pay attention to the period from the accession of the country to the European Union in 2004 until 2011 characterised by ‘third liberalisation package’ that is associated with a wide range of major changes. Largely monopolized energy market has been gradually opening up to competition and the countries with regulated prices have been facing the increasing pressure to let the free market decide. Progressive liberalisation of energy markets enables consumers to use the energy services offered by various private companies. This new element operating in the energy sector is largely reflected in final energy prices. Thus, the main goal of this study is to highlight the price disparities between different energy commodities in European Union member states since we are at present witnesses to of significant regional disparities in energy prices. We try to analyze current energy prices with respect to GDP (regarding purchasing power parity as well) to ensure that resulting comparison would reflect the financial potential of the population. Demonstrating the effects of the economic crisis on energy prices in different countries will be another important aspect of this contribution.
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Adamowicz, Mieczysław, e Adam Szepeluk. "Regional Convergence of Labor Productivity in Rural Sectors of Poland during 2003–2019". Agriculture 12, n. 11 (26 ottobre 2022): 1774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12111774.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this article, we present and assess the labor productivity changes that have occurred in Poland’s rural sectors since the country became a member of the European Union. The study is linked with the concept of convergence, which is one of the key goals of European integration. Convergence is when two or more things, ideas, or processes become similar. In an economic sense, convergence is the reduction of development disparities between countries, regions, or economic sectors. The aim of the work was to study the convergence of labor productivity in Poland’s rural economic sectors between 2003 and 2019. Since 2004, when Poland became a member of the European Union, the country has benefited from funds distributed via EU regional policies, aimed at economic and social cohesion, and attaining regional convergence of economic effects in the economies of rural areas. The theoretical background and research methodology of this article are based on the topic’s literature. Two forms of convergence (sigma convergence and beta convergence) were analyzed. Sigma convergence means a decrease in the dispersion and differentiation of labor productivity over time, and the essence of beta convergence is the faster development of less-developed regions, which results in catching up with the better-developed regions. The economic results of convergence processes, measured by the gross value added of agriculture, forestry, hunting, and fisheries, as well as the number of employed persons in these sectors, were obtained from the Local Data Bank. The distribution dynamics (of the gross value added per person working in a Polish rural sector) were assessed for 2003–2019 as well as for selected years and sub-periods. Statistical methods describing the state of differentiation of regions and the function of regression were used for analysis. The results are presented in figures and maps. The flows between the productivity groups of regions in five sub-periods were evidenced. The research confirmed the partial occurrence of labor productivity convergence in Poland’s rural sectors between 2003 and 2014—the period of a sizable flow of European Funds offered to rural areas in Poland, during the first two European Union financial perspectives. In the following years, the convergence process diminished due to different natural and socioeconomic reasons.
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Lemko, Yu. "European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation as the instrument of cross border cooperation". National Technical University of Ukraine Journal. Political science. Sociology. Law, n. 1(49) (8 giugno 2021): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2308-5053.2021.1(49).232981.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article considers one of the most common and most effective forms of cross-border cooperation between the countries of the European Union, namely the European groupings of territorial cooperation. The role of territorial cooperation in the European Union is constantly growing as it is the basis of political, economic and social cohesion, which is an integral part of Ukrainian society. The development of territorial cooperation is due to the change and development of national, regional or local participants in this process. The Schengen Agreement, the common internal market and the common currency, as well as the emergence of numerous new cross-border projects and the development of cross-border territories, are integral parts of this process. The article examines the EGTC Tisza, which was established in October 2015 in the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine together with the Hungarian region of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg and the municipality of Kisvárd. It is noted that the union has received broad social and political support from both sides at the regional and local levels. This event was decisive for both Ukraine and the EU, as for the first time such an association was created with the participation of a non-EU country. This was a long-awaited step, as the participating regions have long been cooperating together in various fields, including the implementation of grant projects. Many issues need to be addressed together, including flood protection, the rehabilitation of wastewater treatment plants, transport and the development of economic ties. We can say that today Euroregions are the most developed form of cross-border cooperation in Ukraine, but their activities also show a range of problems that hinder their effective functioning. This includes a large number of participants with different cultural and economic characteristics, disparities in the legislation and administration of the country, the low level of business structures and non-governmental organizations. Issues such as the lack of a systematic approach to the organization of Euroregional cooperation, the low level of regional government and the lack of financial support are also worth mentioning.
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Pavolová, Henrieta, Katarína Čulková, Zuzana Šimková, Andrea Seňová e Dušan Kudelas. "Contribution of Mining Industry in Chosen EU Countries to the Sustainability Issues". Sustainability 14, n. 7 (31 marzo 2022): 4177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074177.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In recent years, the mining industry has achieved an important position in the national economy due to its increasing productivity. However, since 2000, there have been signs of a slowdown, resulting from the national and local conditions of the mining industry. It is for these reasons that we have concluded that this type of industry must be assessed not only from the economic but also from the national and regional sectors, because the performance of the mining industry is directly affected by the value of mineral deposits and the structure of other industries. The present paper aims to analyze the development of the mining industry in Slovakia, in comparison with similar development in chosen European Union countries. Slovakia has been considered as a country with mineral resources and mineral-based products representing an important part of Slovakia’s foreign trade, with the significant imported mineral resources including mainly mineral fuels and ore raw materials. The development of the mining industry is assessed from the economics through the growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) and through the national aspect through the rate of growth of the national economy. The aspects are evaluated by the multi-criteria method Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), with which we evaluated the country with the best mining industry development. The results of detailed quantitative analyses of the selected indicators for mining industry development for individual European Union countries show a fluctuating trend during the observed period, which is characterized by development disparities. Such results can be used to determine raw material policies in the relevant countries.
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Holobiuc, Ana-Maria. "Real convergence in Central and Eastern Europe. A comparative analysis of countries and regions". Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 15, n. 1 (1 dicembre 2021): 824–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2021-0076.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract One of the fundamental pillars of the European Union aims the convergence of economic performances between countries and regions. This objective has proved to be increasingly difficult to achieve with the expansion of the regional group towards the Central and East of the continent. The aim of this paper is to study real convergence in the New Member States from Central and Eastern Europe, by taking into consideration the evolution of GDP per capita between 2000 and 2018. In this respect, we have conducted a comparative analysis between countries and regions using β- and σ-convergence. By applying cross-sectional regressions, we have identified a strong relationship between the initial level of income of the Central and Eastern European countries and the subsequent growth rates, the average catching-up speed reaching 3.6%. Moreover, β-convergence was accompanied by a reduction of income divergences between Central and Eastern European Members. In contrast, our analysis suggests a weaker process of convergence between regions compared to countries, the convergence rate reaching 1.7% per year. Furthermore, by studying the intra-national patterns, we have illustrated that the capital regions have consolidated their relative position in the majority of the Central and Eastern Member States to the detriment of the other territorial units. Consequently, the paper suggests that convergence across countries was accompanied by an increase of intra-national disparities between regions in Central and Eastern Europe.
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Grishina, Irina Vladimirovna, Andrey Olegovich Polynev e Artemiy Sergeevich Filatov. "Comparative analysis of the silver economy capacity in Russia and the EU". Contemporary Europe, n. 4 (15 dicembre 2023): 132–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0201708323040071.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article analyses the prospects of the development of silver economy in Russia. The relevance of the topic is confirmed by the global trend caused by aging of the population. Silver (or longevity) economy is a sector of the economy, which provides well-being of the elderly. The subject of the study is a comparison between the potential of the silver economy in Russia and the European Union. The aim of the study is to analyse the key differences of the silver economy in Russia and the countries of the EU. The article examines the methodology and the results of the assessment of the scale of silver economy and its contribution to the aggregate demand and GDP of the European Union. The authors estimated the scale of the silver economy in Russia at the national and regional levels. Based on the results obtained, the authors compared the volume of the silver economy in Russia and the EU and identified the main factors influencing this sector in Russia. Moreover, the authors identified a high level of interregional differentiation in terms of silver economy development. Therefore, the differentiated measures of regional policy in relation to the citizens of the older generation were proposed in order to eliminate significant regional disparities. The authors propose measures aimed at supporting the demand of senior citizens for regions with an average level of development of the silver economy. The study also proposes to concentrate the state policy efforts on social security for the regions with low potential of the silver economy.
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Crețu, Daniela, e Andrei Radu Iova. "Aspects of Labor Market in Romania and Bulgaria in the Context of the Impementation of the Strategy Europa 2020. Comparative Study". “Agriculture for Life, Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings 1, n. 1 (1 luglio 2018): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/alife-2018-0029.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract During the last years, in Romania and Bulgaria, an acceleration of existent disparities took place compared to the European Union countries as regards the occupational labor structures and an decreased evolution of the active population migration to other EU states. Starting from these considerations, the present paper shows an analysis of general and specific aspects of the labor market in the two neighbouring countries, starting from the general analysis, at national level, continuing with the regional analysis until the local analysis of the labor market, at cross border level. In Romania, in 2016, an employment rate of the population at work age (15-64 years old) was of 61.6%, to an active population of 8,979 thousand persons, of which 8,449 thousand employed persons and 530 thousand were unemployed. In Bulgaria, in 2016 the active population was of 3,264 thousand persons, respectively, 53.3%, of which 3,199.6 thousand employed persons and 64.4 thousand unemployed. The employment rate of the work was of 68.7%.. There are still signs that in the two countries the legislation complies to the realities and needs in practice.
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TSYNALIEVSKA, I. A., e ZH G. NAUMENKO. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE ON ASSESSMENT AND REDUCTION OF DISPROPORTATION OF REGIONS DEVELOPMENT". Economic innovations 20, n. 3(68) (20 settembre 2018): 206–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2018.20.3(68).206-216.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Topicality. One of the main tasks of the state regional policy is to stimulate the development of the regions, and, taking into account the successful experience of the European Union countries on this issue, the primary task and the main goal of the state regional policy should be connected with to reduction of disproportions of social and ecological and economic development. Balanced development of the regions is a necessary prerequisite to achieve the effectiveness of the state regional policy, which will ensure the social and economic development of the country as a whole. State regional policy requires that achievement of its goals should be gained by means of modern mutually interconnected mechanisms, as well as, provision of them with all the necessary resources for their implementation. Taking into account the experience of developed countries and the goals set in many normative and strategic documents of Ukraine on reducing the disproportionate development of regions, it is necessary to consider positive trends in preventing and overcoming divergent processes on the basis of reducing regional development imbalances in a context of the administrative-territorial reform of Ukraine and creation of new effective tools for legal and institutional structural impact on the development of regions of Ukraine. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to study an experience of the European Union countries regarding the assessment of disproportionality in development of regions and measures aimed at reducing regional development imbalances, as well as the implementation of such experience in accordance with Ukrainian realities. Moreover, a scope of objectives of the current study includes allocation mechanisms of regional policy of the EU according to characteristics of the areas that are subject to state intervention for a further implementation of the positive experience of the EU countries in the aspect of overcoming the disproportions of regional development, as well as, development of practical recommendations for improving institutional support and assessment tools for measuring disparities of regional development in Ukraine. Research results. A foreign experience regarding assessment of regional disproportions is being considered within the article. Approaches to selection of indicators for assessment of disproportionality of regional development and features for definition of indicators, which perform as stimulators or as de-stimulators in different countries depending on local features of territorial development, - are analyzed. It was found that the practical difficulties arising from the use of GRP per capita, as a universal indicator characterizing the level of economic development of the region in the EU countries, - are related to a difficulty in choosing of method for determining the of output volume in conditions where activity goes beyond regional boundaries because of the fact that national statistical offices apply different approaches to calculation of this indicator. It was established that the development of a method for assessing of intra-regional disproportionality in the development of regions in Ukraine is complicated due to lack of a necessary statistical base provided by all necessary indicators at all levels; therefore, the proposed algorithm for comparing statistical information on monitoring of different levels of development of the country's territories will enable further development of a set of mechanisms that will stimulate socio-ecological and economic development at the regional level and will increase a regional competitiveness. The article provides recommendations on methodical provision of state evaluation of disproportionate development of the regions of the country; and proposes an algorithm for the implementation of statistical information on monitoring the levels of development of regions based on the European experience of organizing statistical and territorial division on economic grounds. Conclusions. It has been established that in different countries of the European Union there are different approaches and methods used to identify areas in which disproportions of development are inherent; factors that serve as a source of developmental imbalances are also perceived differently, hence the choice of indicators that can be used to measure the detected imbalances is a subject of consideration by each EU country separately. In some EU countries, as in Ukraine, there is a problem with the collection and processing of statistical information at the NUTS III level, which corresponds to the Ukrainian administrative-territorial division of rayon level (district) or a group of rayons (group of districts). Development of the method for assessing of intra regional disproportionality in the development of regions in Ukraine is complicated due to lack of adequate statistical base provided with all necessary indicators at all levels, therefore the proposed, within the current study, - algorithm for comparing statistical information on monitoring of different levels of development of territories of the country will provide further development of a set of mechanisms that will stimulate social and ecological and economic development and increase the regional competitiveness. Methodological basis for assessing of disproportionality of a regional development is the subject for further research in this area and provide a perspective for a study of intra-regional disproportions of development as a separate issue in the context of administrative-territorial reform in Ukraine.
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Tsimnadis, Konstantinos, e Grigorios L. Kyriakopoulos. "Investigating the Role of Municipal Waste Treatment within the European Union through a Novel Created Common Sustainability Point System". Recycling 9, n. 3 (20 maggio 2024): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling9030042.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Over the last several decades, the European Union (EU) has championed recycling and sustainable waste management through Directives 2008/98/EC and 2018/851, shaping practices across its member states. Currently, 30% of the EU’s municipal waste is recycled, 19% composted, 23% incinerated, and 23% landfilled. However, regional variations exist within the EU, with Greece and other Mediterranean/Balkan nations favoring landfilling, while Germany and other Western/Central EU nations prioritize recycling and composting, and Nordic countries lean toward incineration. To address these differences, a new sustainability point system was created in order to evaluate and compare all different municipal waste management strategies of EU members. Notably, countries like Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden score the highest due to low municipal waste generation, high recycling rates (>35%), minimal landfilling (<1%), and significant incineration. In contrast, Cyprus, Malta, and Greece score lower due to landfill reliance and lower recycling rates. Therefore, this study introduces a novel sustainability point system to mitigate disparities, highlighting the need for targeted interventions and policy initiatives at the national and EU levels. By leveraging these insights, policymakers can allocate resources effectively, foster collaboration, and motivate citizens to achieve common environmental goals as well as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
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Miłek, Dorota. "Disparities in the level of regional technical infrastructure development in Poland: multicriteria analysis". Equilibrium 17, n. 4 (30 dicembre 2022): 1087–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.2022.036.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Research background: The development policy currently promoted by the European Union is focused on the use of the territory?s internal resources. Among the factors affecting regional development, by building its potential, infrastructure, being a basic necessity for developing activity in a given area, is of significant importance. Hence, investment in infrastructure is critical to stimulating economic dynamism, as it is the basis for supporting a variety of measures aimed at economic growth. Purpose of the article: This paper aims to evaluate the level of development of technical infrastructure and changes taking place in this field in Polish voivodeships in 2008 and 2020. Methods: The study was carried out using the Hellwig development pattern method and a comparative analysis of the technical infrastructure of Polish regions. The above approach makes it possible to measure the diversity of the state and availability of infrastructure for the communities of the regions. Findings & value added: While implementing the study aim, particular attention was paid to the spatial differences in the level of development of the technical infrastructure of Polish voivodeships. The analysis enabled to distinguish groups of voivodeships with the highest, high, low, and very low level of technical infrastructure development. From a long-term perspective, the conducted research can be seen as a contribution to existing research and serve to further compare the impact of technical infrastructure on the economic development of countries. The strength of the study is the adequately long time span of the analysis (2008 ? the period of the financial crisis and 2020 ? the COVID 2019 pandemic), which provides a basis for the formation of the infrastructure in question. The added value of the article is also a regional perspective on the level of development of technical infrastructure using multidimensional methods of statistical analysis. The results of the study can be used to make decisions at the national level regarding the retrofitting of infrastructure in regions with a low level of infrastructure development. For the European Union's decision-makers they can be a source of knowledge of where to direct EU funds the purpose of which is the infrastructural development of regions.