Tesi sul tema "Réfugiés politiques – Europe"
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Mazur, Virginie. "Psychopathologie des demandeurs d'asile en Europe : facteurs de vulnérabilité et de protection psychiques". Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOL004.
Testo completoThis research focuses on the psychopathology of asylum seekers in Slovakia, France and Norway, as well as on vulnerability and protection factors which may influence the development of certain disorders. We were able to shed light on the psychological fragility of 120 asylum seekers, by identifying the prevalence and high intensity of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety, as well as major comorbidity. Basing our work on the notions of vulnerability and resilience, we identified psychological vulnerability resulting from the interaction of various factors that illustrate the dynamic within the subject-environment relation. We were able to observe the role of such factors as the female sex; a history of traumatic experiences, especially interpersonal traumas that are particularly destructive to their victims, their links with others and their belief system; and the impact of negative events, especially those concerning loss, separation due to exile and the uncertainty of asylum. Such experiences challenge the individual's ability to face events, and we were able to notice, in subjects with psychological distress, a certain vulnerability linked to the weak adaptability of defensive functioning and to a kind of insecure interpersonal attachment style. However, the origin of such inner psychological and interpersonal developments has not been established as of yet. Our observations underline the necessity to assist asylum seekers, in order to establish, within the framework of psychotherapeutic work, a space to encourage the mental elaboration of traumas and the development of protection factors fostering adaptive abilities
Martin, Necker Aurélie. "Le rôle et l'influence du Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés (HCR) dans le processus de communautarisation des politiques d'asile en Europe". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0047.
Testo completoThe United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees was created after the Second World War to assist European Refugees that were displaced by or following to the conflict. Since its origins, interactions between UNHCR and the European States grew and increased quickly. From the 1980s however, due to the “asylum crisis” in the European States which was caused by an important growth in the number of asylum applications and by the adoption of stricter egislations on asylum in most of the European States, the role and autonomy of UNHCR was weakened. Following to the treaty of Amsterdam in 1997 and the Tampere summit in 1999, the European Union decided to harmonize asylum policies among member States. This process has a internal dimension which is aimed at harmonizing both national laws and practices. It also has an external dimension which is composed of different projects and policies, going from the resettlement of refugees to Europe, to the “externalisation” of the asylum policy or the implementation of the regional protection programmes aimed at reinforcing the capacities of protection of refugees in the third countries. The purpose of this research is to assess the role and the influence of UNHCR in this process of communautarisation of asylum policies in Europe. I argue that UNHCR gained in autonomy and in legitimacy with the transfer at the regional level of asylum policies: in autonomy because it built some coalitions with the supranational actors; in legitimacy because its role, both in the decision process and in the implementation of the policy, was reasserted
Dougouno, Mohamed. "Les enjeux de la migration de retour en Guinée : les expériences non-retour et de retour de migrants via les programmes de retour « volontaire »". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0004.
Testo completoGuinea has a long tradition of migration. During the colonial period and in the aftermath of independence, it supplied seasonal workers to Senegal and Côte d'Ivoire. Decades later, these mobility dynamics continue. In 2015, the United Nations counted 426,941 Guinean migrants worldwide. While these flows are mainly directed towards West African countries (74%), they tend to espouse other destinations. The routes to Europe via the Sahel and North Africa are recruiting more and more candidates. According to Frontex data cited by Petit and Baldé (2017), the number of Guineans entering Europe "irregularly" rose from 47 in 2009 to 14,708 in 2016. By 2021, Guinean nationals would be among the top asylum seekers in Europe (fifth in France and 15th in the whole of Europe). These departures are coupled with significant return flows. Between January 2017 and September 2022, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) facilitated the return of 29,410 Guineans, making Guinea the leading country of return in sub-Saharan Africa. The importance of Guinean migration contrasts with the low level of interest in the subject among researchers. In other words, the mobility of Guinean nationals remains poorly documented to date. This thesis aims to help fill this gap. It seeks to understand the basis of these migrants' decisions. At this regard, it examines different moments in their experiences: emigration, the journey in transit countries, immigration to Europe, return and reintegration in Guinea. A qualitative methodology was used to address these research issues. Semi-structured interviews were used as the main data collection tool. Individual interviews were conducted with "irregular" migrants in Europe (France and Belgium), returnees in Guinea and informants from the returnee communities. In addition to the interviews, the comparative approach was used to track the evolution of migration dynamics in Africa, by putting Guinean migration to Senegal and Burkina Faso migration to Côte d'Ivoire into perspective. The comparative approach also enabled us to understand the reintegration approaches proposed to returning migrants. Theoretically, an analytical framework built around neoclassical theory (micro approach) and Boudon's theory of rational choice was used to interpret Guineans' decisions in different migration contexts
Dujmovic, Morgane. "Une géographie sociale critique du contrôle migratoire en Croatie : ancrages et mirages d'un dispositif". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0646.
Testo completoThis dissertation explores contemporary dimensions of the migratory control dispositif in Croatia. The research outlines how camps designed for people in migration were implemented through European union pre-adhesion incentives or funding. Through a geographical approach, the dispositif is analysed from the 2000s to the time period of the so called migratory "crisis" (2015-2016), in order to scrutinize its forms, fonctions and dynamics. At the individual level, the analysis questions the effects of this way of dealing with otherness in local societies. To this end, the cartographic project pays attention to the personal migratory journeys. Based on a social ant holistic geography and on the Croatian case-study, the conclusions of the research interrogate restrictive immigration and asylum policies in Europe
Vevstad, Vigdis. "Les réfugiés et le principe de premier pays d'asile". Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR30019.
Testo completoThe aim of this thesis is the study of the notion of refugee, the institution of asylum and the principle of first country of asylum with a view to proposing the establishment of a new instrument of international law. The introduction, which includes an historical overview, is followed by a preliminary chapter on relevant sources. In the first part dealing with the concept of refugee, chapter one treats the conventional notion, whereas chapter two reviews the efforts to widen the notion by means of regional instruments as well as by the un "good offices" procedure. The proposed definition of "de facto" refugee is based on developments since the adoption of the geneva convention. The second part deals with asylum and the principle of first country of asylum. Following an analysis of the classical notion of asylum, chapter one raises the question whether institutionalizing temporary asylum as a basic principle might be appropriate in order to achieve international codification of asylum. The proposal offered is based on this presumption. Chapter two analyzes the principle of first country of asylum as a means of determining which state is responsible for examining an asylum application, its content - including its limitation in terms of the principle of non-refoulement - and the instruments adopted by the member states of the european union. The proposal offered is compelled by the need for a broader regional harmonization of the principle and enhanced burdensharing in a spirit of international solidarity. The need to guarantee the protection of refugees is equally emphasized. The principles of the new international instrument are contained in the concluding section
Hamila, Ahmed. "Sortir du placard, entrer en Europe. La fabrique des réfugié.es LGBTI en Belgique, en France et au Royaume-Uni". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/304412/4/TDM.pdf.
Testo completoDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Di, Ciommo Laurora Costanza. "L’asilo politico nelle relazioni franco-italiane : i signori nessuno e l’impossibile status dell’opposizione italiana all’estero (1920-1986)". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0024/document.
Testo completoThis thesis analyses how Italy and France dealt with handling and controlling Italian opposition in France. Chosen time interval elapses from 1920 to 1986. During these years two political opponents’ migratory waves were monitored by the two nations: anti fascist emigration and several revolutionary left wing former militants of the Seventies emigration. The thesis analysis by a long period perspective how French and Italian institutions confronted with such a phenomenon, particularly considering the issue of juridical status conferred to Italian opponents abroad. During analysed period Italy and France operated in a precise diplomatic context characterised by the multiplication of bilateral and multilateral interrelations that progressively became more and more crucial with regards to the states’ management of political emigration. Carried out analysis will underline continuity and breaches of this relation. Thesis first part analyses Italian Reign period from 1870 to end of Second World War. Introduction will mark the origin of asylum key principles that precedes chosen historical period but is fundamental to analyse the juridical frame of France and Italy future steps. First and Second Chapter focus on years between 1920 and 1940, with particular attention to political emigration handling by a bilateral (Chap. 1) and by a multilateral perspective (Chap. 2). Thesis Second part focuses on Republican Italy. The Introduction retraces juridical frame partial changes and focuses on asylum debate in the Italian Constituent. Analysis of political emigration handling will be carried out both from a bilateral (Chap. 3) and multilateral perspective (Chap. 4)
Kevonian, Dzovinar. "Réfugiés et diplomatie humanitaire : les acteurs européens et la scène proche-orientale pendant l'entre-deux-guerres". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010514.
Testo completoHow the development of the refugees issue at the beginning of the xxth century emerges in the field of international relationships ? Can we say that it starts a humanitarian diplomacy by peace time about refugees ? How the study of the middle-east and the plans settled by the league of nations explain the nature and the limits of this diplomacy ? The first part of our study is about the middle-east in 1918-1923. Refugees in cilicia, syria and lebanon take part in the french eastern diplomacy as an element in the military strategy, territorial rivalries, and the minorities "game" after 1921. In the second part, we are studying europe and geneva, and we are trying to analyse the evolution of the refugees issue (massive exodus, stateless persons, forced denationalisations, obligation of passeport) and the development of the humanitarian action. We describe the framework of the humanitarian diplomacy : high-commissionner of the l. O. N. , advisory committee of private organisations, and refugees service of the i. L. O. The third part studies the international settlement plans of armenian and assyrian refugees in syria and lebanon between 1927 and 1938, the intervention of the international red cross committee during the revolt of druzes (1925-1926), and the main elements of humanitarian network (protestant missions. International red cross committee, i. L. O. , l. O. N. , french office of l. O. N. ), with a special attention to fridtjof nansen and albert thomas. The conclusion underlines contributions of socio-history of international relationships, the study of networks appears as an important element in the analysis of international cooperation structures
Ouzan, Françoise. "L'immigration des "personnes déplacées" aux États-Unis sous la présidence de Truman : l'exemple des Juifs". Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010708.
Testo completoKoutsouraki, Eleni. "Les droits des demandeurs d'asile dans l'Union européenne et leur condition en droit comparé (France, Grèce)". Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020009.
Testo completoThe crisis of asylum law within the European Union is currently the subject of recurring concerns. In addition to that, people who seek protection in the "area of freedom, security and justice" of the European Union, face another crisis, that of the right to asylum. Following this observation, it seems relevant to consider the rights of asylum seekers under the Common European Asylum System (CEAS). More specifically, we study the effectiveness of rights before the obstacles of access to the European Union and its Member States’ asylum procedures, the rights related to the procedure for examining asylum applications and the rights accorded during this examination. The protection of these rights, in addition to the traditional problem of the implementation of international commitments at national level, was faced with a new regional system as well as an ambiguous harmonization. Through the study of human rights, this research aims to demonstrate the causes of the crisis, to propose possible solutions oriented to the respect of international law and contribute to the improvement of the status of asylum seekers in the European space. To this end, our approach is also comparative because the examination of two concrete examples is useful for analysis, reflection and finally evaluation of the CEAS, which began to distribute the burden in the European Union by the Dublin mechanism before the examination procedures and reception conditions in the member states have been harmonized. A comparative law analysis between two member states, France and Greece, it seems to be necessary in order to demonstrate the current challenges of European harmonization on asylum and illuminate the challenges of rights’ protection.Keywords :
Mützelburg, Irina Béatrice. "Multi-level transfer of international norms : asylum policies and practices in Ukraine (1993-2015)". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0001.
Testo completoThis thesis uncovers the importance of often overlooked actors and transfer channels by adopting a longitudinal and multi-level perspective on international norm and policy transfer. It examines the role of international organisations in the development of asylum policies and practices in Ukraine since the adoption of the first Law on Refugees. It shows how the action of international and domestic non-governmental organisations is interlinked with and differs from the sector-specific conditionality exercised by the European Union. In this manner, it enriches the findings on transfer from research that has mostly focused on top-down processes and political elite actors. It investigates the interactions and relations between state and non-state actors of the “transfer chain”, revealing logics of dependence, delegation and control as well as processes of translation, support and resistance. Analysing the support and subtle forms of resistance to the legislative adoption of international norms at the Parliament, it demonstrates that adoption is shaped, to a large extent, by domestic politicians’ pursuit of recognition and incentives by international organisations. Moreover, non-state actors seek to influence state practices by adapting their strategies to domestic resistance and structural obstacles, utilising confrontational and harmony-seeking, formal and informal, top-down and horizontal strategies. While norm entrepreneurs try to trigger the formalisation of certain changes, the effects of the transfer attempts on state practices remain heterogeneous and unstable. This thesis thus adds to transfer scholars’ widespread findings regarding the weak application of norms
Pétin, Joanna. "La vulnérabilité en droit européen de l'asile". Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU2012/document.
Testo completoAt first sight, talking about Vulnerability in the field of European Asylum Law could sound surprising, as the vulnerability of applicants for international protection seems to be inherent to their status and their exile course. The European Court of Human Rights in the M.S.S. versus Belgium and Greece case recognized indeed the vulnerability of the whole group of applicants for international protection. However, this globalizing approach is opposed to the individualized approach set in the instruments of the Common European Asylum System. In many ways, this last approach is the one that reveals the interest of using the concept of Vulnerability in Law. The analysis of Vulnerability, through the research conducted, allows to assert that Vulnerability aims at identifying particularities, individual specificities that require special protection. While demanding an individualization of Vulnerability through the existence of a characterized weakness entailing special needs in terms of reception and procedural guarantees, the EU Law effectively confines the notion of vulnerable person to a limited number of individuals. But, above all, it reflects the principal function of the use of Vulnerability in Law: to ensure an enhanced protection. It is indeed through its function, namely a material and procedural support adapted to the special needs of vulnerable applicants for international protection, that the effectiveness of Vulnerability is revealed in the field of the European Asylum Law. All the applicants for international protection are not per se vulnerable, just few of them are: only those who have special needs can be qualified as vulnerable. This analysis of the concept of Vulnerability in the field of European Asylum Law allows thus to comprehend and delimit its outlines and its functions in Law
Zarrella, Silvia. "Le principe de solidarité et de partage équitable de responsabilités en matière d'asile entre les États membres de l'Union Européenne". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAA014/document.
Testo completoThe massive flow of refugees from Syria caught out the reception capacity of some Euro-Mediterranean countries, and highlighted the lack of solidarity and fair sharing of responsibilities among the States of the European Union. Firstly, this study defines the concept of "burden-sharing" conceived as a concrete measure of solidarity to be accomplished through the distribution of risks and costs among the members of a group in order to achieve a common goal. After analyzing the evolution of this principle in international law, we evaluate its implementation in the legal order of the European Union, particularly in the European Common Asylum System (CEAS) as enshrined in Article 80 TFEU. By assessing the Dublin system and the most current answers to the Syrian emergence, we will argue that the European Union is still far from the full realization of the principle of burden sharing
Cseke, Nóra. "Accès au juge et aux procédures d'asile à la lumière des droits européen, allemand et français". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAA004.
Testo completoThe effectiveness of access to asylum bodies depends on a combination of several factors which are not derived solely from national law. The sine qua non of the effectiveness of such access is a harmonious reception by the various Member States of the procedural guarantees essential to it and defined at European level, which presupposes, however, a balanced relationship between ECHR law and Union law built in a spirit of dialogue. In establishing this dialogue, the EU legislator, like the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union, plays an essential role, and if this dialogue were to prove dissonant, national law could still correct any shortcomings thus noted. To this end, it is certainly necessary to establish a dialogue also at national level, not only with the EU legislator and the European courts but also between the administrative and judicial authorities at State level. Ultimately, the effectiveness of this access is also essential in a cross-border dimension in order to further approximate national legislation and to propose a European solution to the structural and systemic problems characterizing this access
Probst, Johanna. "Instruire la demande d'asile : étude comparative du processus décisionnel au sein de l'administration allemande et française". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00985215.
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